A reversed-phase separation technique was developed in a previous study (Loegel et al., 2012) and successfully applied to the de-asphalted fraction of crude oil. However, to the best of our knowledge, the molecular-level characterization of oil fractions obtained by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) has not yet been reported. A detailed characterization of the oil fractions prepared by reversed-phase HPLC was performed in this study. HPLC fractionation was carried out on conventional crude oil and an oil shale pyrolysate. The analyses of the fractions showed that the carbon number of alkyl chains and the double bond equivalent (DBE) value were the major factors determining elution order. The compounds with larger DBE (presumably more condensed aromatic structures) and smaller carbon number (presumably compounds with short side chains) were eluted earlier but those compounds with lower DBE values (presumably less aromatic structures) and higher carbon number (presumably compounds with longer alkyl chains) eluted later in the chromatograms. This separation behavior is in good agreement with that expected from the principles of reversed-phase separation. The data presented in this study show that reversed-phase chromatography is effective in separating crude oil compounds and can be combined with ultrahigh-resolution MS data to better understand natural oils and oil shale pyrolysates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"London, England","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2014.10.019","usgsCitation":"Sim, A., Cho, Y., Kim, D., Witt, M., Birdwell, J.E., Kim, B., and Kim, S., 2014, Molecular-level characterization of crude oil compounds combining reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with off-line high-resolution mass spectrometry: Fuel, v. 140, no. 15, p. 717-723, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.10.019.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"717","endPage":"723","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057008","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296514,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296483,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.10.019"}],"volume":"140","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54882b58e4b02acb4f0c8c3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sim, Arum","contributorId":127784,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sim","given":"Arum","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7153,"text":"Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, South Korea","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cho, Yunju","contributorId":127785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cho","given":"Yunju","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7153,"text":"Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, South Korea","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kim, Daae","contributorId":127786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"Daae","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7153,"text":"Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, South Korea","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Witt, Matthias","contributorId":41719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witt","given":"Matthias","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kim, Byung Ju","contributorId":127787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"Byung Ju","affiliations":[{"id":7154,"text":"Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Division of Organic Analysis, Daejeon, South Korea","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kim, Sunghwan","contributorId":108376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Sunghwan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70134476,"text":"70134476 - 2014 - 238U-230Th dating of chevkinite in high-silica rhyolites from La Primavera and Yellowstone calderas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-21T18:03:10.742854","indexId":"70134476","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"238U-230Th dating of chevkinite in high-silica rhyolites from La Primavera and Yellowstone calderas","title":"238U-230Th dating of chevkinite in high-silica rhyolites from La Primavera and Yellowstone calderas","docAbstract":"Application of 238U-230Th disequilibrium dating of accessory minerals with contrasting stabilities and compositions can provide a unique perspective on magmatic evolution by placing the thermochemical evolution of magma within the framework of absolute time. Chevkinite, a Th-rich accessory mineral that occurs in peralkaline and metaluminous rhyolites, may be particularly useful as a chronometer of crystallization and differentiation because its composition may reflect the chemical changes of its host melt. Ion microprobe 128U-230Th dating of single chevkinite microphenocrysts from pre- and post-caldera La Primavera, Mexico, rhyolites yields model crystallization ages that are within 10's of k.y. of their corresponding K-Ar ages of ca. 125 ka to 85 ka, while chevkinite microphenocrysts from a post-caldera Yellowstone, USA, rhyolite yield a range of ages from ca. 110 ka to 250 ka, which is indistinguishable from the age distribution of coexisting zircon. Internal chevkinite-zircon isochrons from La Primavera yield Pleistocene ages with ~5% precision due to the nearly two order difference in Th/U between both minerals. Coupling chevkinite 238U-230Th ages and compositional analyses reveals a secular trend of Th/U and rare earth elements recorded in Yellowstone rhyolite, likely reflecting progressive compositional evolution of host magma. The relatively short timescale between chevkinite-zircon crystallization and eruption suggests that crystal-poor rhyolites at La Primavera were erupted shortly after differentiation and/or reheating. These results indicate that 238U-230Th dating of chevkinite via ion microprobe analysis may be used to date crystallization and chemical evolution of silicic magmas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.10.020","usgsCitation":"Vazquez, J.A., Velasco, N.O., Schmitt, A.K., Bleick, H.A., and Stelten, M.E., 2014, 238U-230Th dating of chevkinite in high-silica rhyolites from La Primavera and Yellowstone calderas: Chemical Geology, v. 390, p. 109-118, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.10.020.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057469","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Jalisco, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"La Primavera Caldera, Yellowstone Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 43.89789239125797\n ],\n [\n -109.423828125,\n 43.89789239125797\n ],\n [\n -109.423828125,\n 44.87144275016589\n ],\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 44.87144275016589\n ],\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 43.89789239125797\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.63677978515625,\n 20.55436654260967\n ],\n [\n -103.502197265625,\n 20.55436654260967\n ],\n [\n -103.502197265625,\n 20.65977117086933\n ],\n [\n -103.63677978515625,\n 20.65977117086933\n ],\n [\n -103.63677978515625,\n 20.55436654260967\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"390","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"547ee2b3e4b09357f05f8a34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vazquez, Jorge A. 0000-0003-2754-0456 jvazquez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-0456","contributorId":4458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vazquez","given":"Jorge","email":"jvazquez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Velasco, Noel O.","contributorId":127613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Velasco","given":"Noel","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":7080,"text":"California State University, Northridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmitt, Axel K.","contributorId":127614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Axel","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7081,"text":"University of California - Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bleick, Heather A. hbleick@usgs.gov","contributorId":2484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleick","given":"Heather","email":"hbleick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stelten, Mark E.","contributorId":127615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stelten","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7082,"text":"University of California - Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70136064,"text":"70136064 - 2014 - Prey choice and habitat use drive sea otter pathogen exposure in a resource-limited coastal system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T17:29:09","indexId":"70136064","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prey choice and habitat use drive sea otter pathogen exposure in a resource-limited coastal system","docAbstract":"The processes promoting disease in wild animal populations are highly complex, yet identifying these processes is critically important for conservation when disease is limiting a population. By combining field studies with epidemiologic tools, we evaluated the relationship between key factors impeding southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) population growth: disease and resource limitation. This threatened population has struggled to recover despite protection, so we followed radio-tagged sea otters and evaluated infection with 2 disease-causing protozoal pathogens, Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis neurona, to reveal risks that increased the likelihood of pathogen exposure. We identified patterns of pathogen infection that are linked to individual animal behavior, prey choice, and habitat use. We detected a high-risk spatial cluster of S. neurona infections in otters with home ranges in southern Monterey Bay and a coastal segment near San Simeon and Cambria where otters had high levels of infection with T. gondii. We found that otters feeding on abalone, which is the preferred prey in a resource-abundant marine ecosystem, had a very low risk of infection with either pathogen, whereas otters consuming small marine snails were more likely to be infected with T. gondii. Individual dietary specialization in sea otters is an adaptive mechanism for coping with limited food resources along central coastal California. High levels of infection with protozoal pathogens may be an adverse consequence of dietary specialization in this threatened species, with both depleted resources and disease working synergistically to limit recovery.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0806449106","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C., Tinker, M.T., Estes, J.A., Conrad, P., Staedler, M., Miller, M.A., Jessup, D., and Mazet, J.A., 2014, Prey choice and habitat use drive sea otter pathogen exposure in a resource-limited coastal system: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 106, no. 7, p. 2242-2247, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0806449106.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2242","endPage":"2247","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-009867","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0806449106","text":"External Repository"},{"id":296861,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.32177734375,\n 34.31621838080741\n ],\n [\n -119.72900390625001,\n 34.31621838080741\n ],\n [\n -119.72900390625001,\n 37.15156050223665\n ],\n [\n -122.32177734375,\n 37.15156050223665\n ],\n [\n -122.32177734375,\n 34.31621838080741\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2aa4e4b08de9379b3161","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Christine K.","contributorId":23771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Christine K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X ttinker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":2796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"ttinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conrad, Patricia A.","contributorId":88289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"Patricia A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Staedler, Michelle M.","contributorId":40087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staedler","given":"Michelle M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Melissa A.","contributorId":57701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39007,"text":"CA Dept of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jessup, David A.","contributorId":43206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jessup","given":"David A.","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mazet, Jonna A.K.","contributorId":68444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazet","given":"Jonna","email":"","middleInitial":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70141764,"text":"70141764 - 2014 - Photographic evidence of interspecies mating in geckos of the Lepidodactylus lugubris unisexual-bisexual complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-23T09:23:26","indexId":"70141764","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3056,"text":"Phyllomedusa","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photographic evidence of interspecies mating in geckos of the Lepidodactylus lugubris unisexual-bisexual complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae)","docAbstract":"An interspecies mating between unisexual Lepidodactylus lugubris and a male of the bisexual Lepidodactylus moestus was photographed by Carlos Cianchini on Kosrae [Island], FSM, at 18:15 h on 22 August 2013 (Figure 1). The mating pair was on a window frame inside a house at Pukusruk Wan village (05°21'01\" N, 163°00'41\" E, elev. 28 m a.s.l.) on the northeastern side of the island. This is the first direct evidence of mating between these two species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Melopsittacus Publicações Cientif́icas","publisherLocation":"Belo Horizonte","doi":"10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v13i2p133-136","usgsCitation":"Buden, D.W., Cianchini, C., Taborosi, D., Fisher, R.N., Bauer, A., and Ineich, I., 2014, Photographic evidence of interspecies mating in geckos of the Lepidodactylus lugubris unisexual-bisexual complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae): Phyllomedusa, v. 13, no. 2, p. 133-136, https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v13i2p133-136.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"136","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059892","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v13i2p133-136","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298095,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54ec5d45e4b02d776a67daae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buden, Donald W.","contributorId":41963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buden","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cianchini, Carlos","contributorId":139397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cianchini","given":"Carlos","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12764,"text":"Federated States of Micronesia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taborosi, Danko","contributorId":139398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taborosi","given":"Danko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12765,"text":"Island Research and Educcation Initiative","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bauer, Aaron","contributorId":139399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bauer","given":"Aaron","affiliations":[{"id":12766,"text":"Villanova University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ineich, Ivan","contributorId":100760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ineich","given":"Ivan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70170482,"text":"70170482 - 2014 - Reconstructing the deadly eruptive events of 1790 CE at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-22T09:01:58","indexId":"70170482","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstructing the deadly eruptive events of 1790 CE at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"A large number of people died during an explosive eruption of Kīlauea Volcano in 1790 CE. Detailed study of the upper part of the Keanakāko‘i Tephra has identified the deposits that may have been responsible for the deaths. Three successive units record shifts in eruption style that agree well with accounts of the eruption based on survivor interviews 46 yr later. First, a wet fall of very fine, accretionary-lapilli–bearing ash created a “cloud of darkness.” People walked across the soft deposit, leaving footprints as evidence. While the ash was still unconsolidated, lithic lapilli fell into it from a high eruption column that was seen from 90 km away. Either just after this tephra fall or during its latest stage, pulsing dilute pyroclastic density currents, probably products of a phreatic eruption, swept across the western flank of Kīlauea, embedding lapilli in the muddy ash and crossing the trail along which the footprints occur. The pyroclastic density currents were most likely responsible for the fatalities, as judged from the reported condition and probable location of the bodies. This reconstruction is relevant today, as similar eruptions will probably occur in the future at Kīlauea and represent its most dangerous and least predictable hazard.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1130/B31116.1","collaboration":"Samantha J. Weaver; Bruce F. 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The EverVIEW Data Viewer is a cross-platform desktop decision support tool to help decision makers compare simulation model outputs from competing plans for restoring Florida's Greater Everglades. The integration of NetCDF metadata conventions into EverVIEW allows end-users from multiple institutions within and beyond the Everglades restoration community to share information and tools. Our development process incorporates continuous interaction with targeted end-users for increased likelihood of adoption. One of EverVIEW's signature features is side-by-side map panels, which can be used to simultaneously compare species or habitat impacts from alternative restoration plans. Other features include examination of potential restoration plan impacts across multiple geographic or tabular displays, and animation through time. As a result of an iterative, standards-driven approach, EverVIEW is relevant to large-scale planning beyond Florida, and is used in multiple biological planning efforts in the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.09.008","usgsCitation":"Romañach, S., McKelvy, M., Conzelmann, C., and Suir, K.J., 2014, A visualization tool to support decision making in environmental and biological planning: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 62, p. 221-229, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.09.008.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"229","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046311","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.09.008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297571,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297563,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.09.008"}],"volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a4fe4b08de9379b2fd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Romañach, Stephanie S. 0000-0003-0271-7825 sromanach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-7825","contributorId":2331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romañach","given":"Stephanie S.","email":"sromanach@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKelvy, Mark 0000-0001-5465-2571 mckelvym@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5465-2571","contributorId":4865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKelvy","given":"Mark","email":"mckelvym@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conzelmann, Craig 0000-0002-4227-8719 conzelmannc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4227-8719","contributorId":2361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conzelmann","given":"Craig","email":"conzelmannc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suir, Kevin J. 0000-0003-1570-9648 suirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1570-9648","contributorId":4894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suir","given":"Kevin","email":"suirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70160460,"text":"70160460 - 2014 - Site selection and nest survival of the Bar-Headed Goose (Anser indicus) on the Mongolian Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T15:43:40","indexId":"70160460","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Site selection and nest survival of the Bar-Headed Goose (Anser indicus) on the Mongolian Plateau","docAbstract":"Waterbirds breeding on the Mongolian Plateau in Central Asia must find suitable wetland areas for nesting in a semiarid region characterized by highly variable water conditions. The first systematic nesting study of a waterbird dependent on this region for breeding was conducted on the Bar-headed Goose (Anser indicus). The purpose of this study was to document Bar-headed Goose nesting locations, characterize nests and nesting strategies, and estimate daily nest survival (n = 235 nests) from eight areas of west-central Mongolia across three summers (2009–2011) using a modified Mayfield estimator. Bar-headed Goose daily nest survival ranged from 0.94 to 0.98, with a 3-year average nest success of 42.6% during incubation. Bar-headed Geese were found to primarily nest on isolated pond and lake islands as previously reported, but were also documented regularly, though less frequently, along rocky cliffs in several regions of west-central Mongolia. Daily nest survival was higher for cliff nests than for island nests. Information-theoretic models indicated that nest survival decreased with nest age and varied annually with changing environmental conditions. Results of this study suggest that while Bar-headed Geese primarily rely on nesting island sites these sites may be more susceptible to anthropogenic disturbance and predation events influenced by seasonal variation in environmental conditions, and that higher daily nest survival values documented for the less frequent cliff nest strategy may provide an important alternative strategy during poor island nest success years. Thus, conservation efforts for this and other waterbird species in the semiarid region should be focused on conserving nesting islands and protecting them from disturbance in areas of high livestock densities experiencing a rapidly warming climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","publisherLocation":"Washington D.C.","doi":"10.1675/063.037.0405","usgsCitation":"Batbayar, N., Takekawa, J.Y., Natsagdorj, T., Spragens, K., and Xiao, X., 2014, Site selection and nest survival of the Bar-Headed Goose (Anser indicus) on the Mongolian Plateau: Waterbirds, v. 37, no. 4, p. 381-393, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.037.0405.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"393","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054305","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312563,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mongolia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[87.75126,49.2972],[88.80557,49.47052],[90.71367,50.33181],[92.23471,50.80217],[93.10422,50.49529],[94.14757,50.48054],[94.81595,50.01343],[95.81403,49.97747],[97.25973,49.72606],[98.23176,50.4224],[97.82574,51.011],[98.86149,52.04737],[99.98173,51.63401],[100.88948,51.51686],[102.06522,51.25992],[102.25591,50.51056],[103.67655,50.08997],[104.62155,50.27533],[105.88659,50.40602],[106.8888,50.2743],[107.86818,49.79371],[108.47517,49.28255],[109.40245,49.29296],[110.66201,49.13013],[111.58123,49.37797],[112.89774,49.54357],[114.36246,50.2483],[114.96211,50.14025],[115.4857,49.80518],[116.6788,49.88853],[116.1918,49.1346],[115.48528,48.13538],[115.74284,47.72654],[116.30895,47.85341],[117.29551,47.69771],[118.06414,48.06673],[118.86657,47.74706],[119.77282,47.04806],[119.66327,46.69268],[118.87433,46.80541],[117.4217,46.67273],[116.71787,46.3882],[115.9851,45.72724],[114.46033,45.33982],[113.46391,44.80889],[112.43606,45.01165],[111.87331,45.10208],[111.34838,44.45744],[111.66774,44.07318],[111.82959,43.74312],[111.12968,43.40683],[110.4121,42.87123],[109.2436,42.51945],[107.74477,42.48152],[106.12932,42.13433],[104.96499,41.59741],[104.52228,41.90835],[103.31228,41.90747],[101.83304,42.51487],[100.84587,42.6638],[99.51582,42.52469],[97.45176,42.74889],[96.3494,42.72564],[95.76245,43.31945],[95.30688,44.24133],[94.68893,44.35233],[93.48073,44.97547],[92.13389,45.11508],[90.94554,45.28607],[90.58577,45.71972],[90.97081,46.88815],[90.28083,47.69355],[88.8543,48.06908],[88.01383,48.59946],[87.75126,49.2972]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mongolia\"}}]}","volume":"37","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567930d4e4b0da412f4fb597","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Batbayar, Nyambayar","contributorId":40338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batbayar","given":"Nyambayar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":582966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Natsagdorj, Tseveenmyadag","contributorId":28729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Natsagdorj","given":"Tseveenmyadag","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spragens, Kyle A.","contributorId":98452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spragens","given":"Kyle A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Xiao, Xiamgming","contributorId":150758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xiao","given":"Xiamgming","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18094,"text":"Dep't Micorbiology & Plant Biology, and Center for Spatial Analysis, U of OK, Norman, OK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189809,"text":"70189809 - 2014 - Paleogeomorphology of the early Colorado River inferred from relationships in Mohave and Cottonwood Valleys, Arizona, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-26T15:40:00","indexId":"70189809","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleogeomorphology of the early Colorado River inferred from relationships in Mohave and Cottonwood Valleys, Arizona, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"Geologic investigations of late Miocene–early Pliocene deposits in Mohave and Cottonwood valleys provide important insights into the early evolution of the lower Colorado River system. In the latest Miocene these valleys were separate depocenters; the floor of Cottonwood Valley was ∼200 m higher than the floor of Mohave Valley. When Colorado River water arrived from the north after 5.6 Ma, a shallow lake in Cottonwood Valley spilled into Mohave Valley, and the river then filled both valleys to ∼560 m above sea level (asl) and overtopped the bedrock divide at the southern end of Mohave Valley. Sediment-starved water spilling to the south gradually eroded the outlet as siliciclastic Bouse deposits filled the lake upstream. When sediment accumulation reached the elevation of the lowering outlet, continued erosion of the outlet resulted in recycling of stored lacustrine sediment into downstream basins; depth of erosion of the outlet and upstream basins was limited by the water levels in downstream basins. The water level in the southern Bouse basin was ∼300 m asl (modern elevation) at 4.8 Ma. It must have drained and been eroded to a level <150 m asl soon after that to allow for deep erosion of bedrock divides and basins upstream, leading to removal of large volumes of Bouse sediment prior to massive early Pliocene Colorado River aggradation. Abrupt lowering of regional base level due to spilling of a southern Bouse lake to the Gulf of California could have driven observed upstream river incision without uplift. Rapid uplift of the entire region immediately after 4.8 Ma would have been required to drive upstream incision if the southern Bouse was an estuary.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00988.1","usgsCitation":"Pearthree, P., and House, K., 2014, Paleogeomorphology of the early Colorado River inferred from relationships in Mohave and Cottonwood Valleys, Arizona, California and Nevada: Geosphere, v. 10, no. 6, p. 1139-1160, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00988.1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1139","endPage":"1160","ipdsId":"IP-053171","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00988.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Cottonwood Valley, Mohave Valley","volume":"10","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5979aa56e4b0ec1a488b8c19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearthree, Philip","contributorId":195166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearthree","given":"Philip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"House, Kyle 0000-0002-0019-8075 khouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-8075","contributorId":2293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"Kyle","email":"khouse@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70142989,"text":"70142989 - 2014 - Pollutant sensitivity of the endangered Tar River Spinymussel as assessed by single chemical and effluent toxicity tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T12:35:28","indexId":"70142989","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Pollutant sensitivity of the endangered Tar River Spinymussel as assessed by single chemical and effluent toxicity tests","docAbstract":"The federally endangered Tar River spinymussel (Elliptio steinstansana) is endemic to the Tar River and Neuse River systems in North Carolina. The extent to which water quality limits Tar River spinymussels’ recovery is important to establish, and one aspect of that is understanding the species’ pollutant sensitivity. The primary objectives of this study were to 1) develop captive propagation and culture methods for Tar River spinymussels; 2) determine the pollutant sensitivity of captively propagated Tar River spinymussels; 3) examine the utility of the non-endangered yellow lance (Elliptio lanceolata), yellow lampmussel (Lampsilis cariosa) and notched rainbow (Villosa constricta) as surrogates for the Tar River spinymussels’ chemical sensitivity; 4) develop a 7-d method for conducting effluent toxicity tests starting with newly transformed mussels; 5) assess the toxicity of municipal wastewater effluents discharged into the Tar River spinymussels’ current and historic habitat; and, 6) evaluate the protection afforded by existing effluent toxicity test requirements.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Fish and Wildlife Service ","usgsCitation":"Augspurger, T., Wang, N., Kunz, J.L., and Ingersoll, C.G., 2014, Pollutant sensitivity of the endangered Tar River Spinymussel as assessed by single chemical and effluent toxicity tests, viii, 46 p. .","productDescription":"viii, 46 p. ","ipdsId":"IP-063796","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328417,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298561,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/raleigh/pdfs/FinalP_Sensi_TRS.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d28baee4b0571647d0f93d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Augspurger, Thomas P.","contributorId":139666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augspurger","given":"Thomas P.","affiliations":[{"id":12872,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 551-F Pylon Drive, Raleigh, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Ning 0000-0002-2846-3352 nwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-3352","contributorId":2818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Ning","email":"nwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kunz, James L. 0000-0002-1027-158X jkunz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1027-158X","contributorId":3309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"James","email":"jkunz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192530,"text":"70192530 - 2014 - Does probability of occurrence relate to population dynamics?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T13:24:45","indexId":"70192530","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does probability of occurrence relate to population dynamics?","docAbstract":"Hutchinson defined species' realized niche as the set of environmental conditions in which populations can persist in the presence of competitors. In terms of demography, the realized niche corresponds to the environments where the intrinsic growth rate (r) of populations is positive. Observed species occurrences should reflect the realized niche when additional processes like dispersal and local extinction lags do not have overwhelming effects. Despite the foundational nature of these ideas, quantitative assessments of the relationship between range-wide demographic performance and occurrence probability have not been made. This assessment is needed both to improve our conceptual understanding of species' niches and ranges and to develop reliable mechanistic models of species geographic distributions that incorporate demography and species interactions.
The objective of this study is to analyse how demographic parameters (intrinsic growth rate r and carrying capacity K ) and population density (N ) relate to occurrence probability (Pocc ). We hypothesized that these relationships vary with species' competitive ability. Demographic parameters, density, and occurrence probability were estimated for 108 tree species from four temperate forest inventory surveys (Québec, western USA, France and Switzerland). We used published information of shade tolerance as indicators of light competition strategy, assuming that high tolerance denotes high competitive capacity in stable forest environments.
Interestingly, relationships between demographic parameters and occurrence probability did not vary substantially across degrees of shade tolerance and regions. Although they were influenced by the uncertainty in the estimation of the demographic parameters, we found that r was generally negatively correlated with Pocc, while N, and for most regions K, was generally positively correlated with Pocc. Thus, in temperate forest trees the regions of highest occurrence probability are those with high densities but slow intrinsic population growth rates. The uncertain relationships between demography and occurrence probability suggests caution when linking species distribution and demographic models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ecog.00836","usgsCitation":"Thuiller, W., Munkemuller, T., Schiffers, K.H., Georges, D., Dullinger, S., Eckhart, V.M., Edwards, T., Gravel, D., Kunstler, G., Merow, C., Moore, K., Piedallu, C., Vissault, S., Zimmermann, N.E., Zurell, D., and Schurr, F.M., 2014, Does probability of occurrence relate to population dynamics?: Ecography, v. 37, no. 12, p. 1155-1166, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.00836.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1155","endPage":"1166","ipdsId":"IP-055287","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.00836","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07ece2e4b09af898c8cd30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thuiller, Wilfried","contributorId":38059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thuiller","given":"Wilfried","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munkemuller, Tamara","contributorId":57768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munkemuller","given":"Tamara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schiffers, Katja H.","contributorId":79019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiffers","given":"Katja","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Georges, Damien","contributorId":198537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Georges","given":"Damien","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dullinger, Stefan","contributorId":19080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dullinger","given":"Stefan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eckhart, Vincent M.","contributorId":198538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eckhart","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Edwards, Thomas C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909 tce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":191916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Thomas C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"tce@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gravel, Dominique","contributorId":24277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gravel","given":"Dominique","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kunstler, Georges","contributorId":198539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kunstler","given":"Georges","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Merow, Cory","contributorId":198540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merow","given":"Cory","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Moore, Kara","contributorId":196898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Kara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Piedallu, Christian","contributorId":198541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piedallu","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Vissault, Steve","contributorId":198542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vissault","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Zimmermann, Niklaus E.","contributorId":68446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmermann","given":"Niklaus","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Zurell, Damaris","contributorId":198543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zurell","given":"Damaris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Schurr, Frank M.","contributorId":72708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schurr","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70155253,"text":"70155253 - 2014 - Understanding recent eastern Horn of Africa rainfall variability and change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T13:50:22","indexId":"70155253","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding recent eastern Horn of Africa rainfall variability and change","docAbstract":"Observations and sea surface temperature (SST)-forced ECHAM5 simulations are examined to study the seasonal cycle of eastern Africa rainfall and its SST sensitivity during 1979–2012, focusing on interannual variability and trends. The eastern Horn is drier than the rest of equatorial Africa, with two distinct wet seasons, and whereas the October–December wet season has become wetter, the March–May season has become drier.
\nThe climatological rainfall in simulations driven by observed SSTs captures this bimodal regime. The simulated trends also qualitatively reproduce the opposite-sign changes in the two rainy seasons, suggesting that SST forcing has played an important role in the observed changes. The consistency between the sign of 1979–2012 trends and interannual SST–precipitation correlations is exploited to identify the most likely locations of SST forcing of precipitation trends in the model, and conceivably also in nature. Results indicate that the observed March–May drying since 1979 is due to sensitivity to an increased zonal gradient in SST between Indonesia and the central Pacific. In contrast, the October–December precipitation increase is mostly due to western Indian Ocean warming.
\nThe recent upward trend in the October–December wet season is rather weak, however, and its statistical significance is compromised by strong year-to-year fluctuations. October–December eastern Horn rain variability is strongly associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean dipole phenomena on interannual scales, in both model and observations. The interannual October–December correlation between the ensemble-average and observed Horn rainfall 0.87. By comparison, interannual March–May Horn precipitation is only weakly constrained by SST anomalies.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00714.1","usgsCitation":"Liebmann, B., Hoerling, M.P., Funk, C.C., Blade, I., Dole, R.M., Allured, D., Quan, X., and Eischeid, J.K., 2014, Understanding recent eastern Horn of Africa rainfall variability and change: Journal of Climate, v. 27, p. 8660-8645, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00714.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"8660","endPage":"8645","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056089","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00714.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306510,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Horn of Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 40.166015625,\n -2.811371193331128\n ],\n [\n 42.275390625,\n -0.7031073524364783\n ],\n [\n 48.69140625,\n 5.266007882805511\n ],\n [\n 51.064453125,\n 10.487811882056683\n ],\n [\n 50.9765625,\n 12.21118019150401\n ],\n [\n 49.21875,\n 11.60919340793894\n ],\n [\n 46.93359375,\n 11.350796722383684\n ],\n [\n 45.17578125,\n 10.746969318460001\n ],\n [\n 43.41796875,\n 11.005904459659464\n ],\n [\n 43.2421875,\n 12.811801316582619\n ],\n [\n 41.8359375,\n 13.923403897723347\n ],\n [\n 40.25390625,\n 14.774882506516272\n ],\n [\n 36.298828125,\n 14.519780046326085\n ],\n [\n 35.77148437499999,\n 12.640338306846802\n ],\n [\n 34.80468749999999,\n 11.005904459659464\n ],\n [\n 34.1015625,\n 10.31491928581316\n ],\n [\n 33.92578125,\n 8.233237111274553\n ],\n [\n 33.22265625,\n 7.710991655433229\n ],\n [\n 33.486328125,\n 5.9657536710655235\n ],\n [\n 34.013671875,\n 2.7235830833483856\n ],\n [\n 33.92578125,\n -1.0546279422758742\n ],\n [\n 33.92578125,\n -2.5479878714713835\n ],\n [\n 33.92578125,\n -4.214943141390639\n ],\n [\n 39.19921875,\n -4.653079918274038\n ],\n [\n 40.166015625,\n -2.811371193331128\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f023e4b0bc0bec09f59a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liebmann, Brant","contributorId":145807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liebmann","given":"Brant","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16238,"text":"NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoerling, Martin P.","contributorId":145817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoerling","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12641,"text":"NOAA NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blade, Ileana","contributorId":145806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blade","given":"Ileana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16237,"text":"Institut Catala de Ciencies del Clima","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dole, Randall M.","contributorId":146364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dole","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Allured, Dave","contributorId":146365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allured","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Quan, Xiaowei","contributorId":146366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quan","given":"Xiaowei","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Eischeid, Jon K.","contributorId":70214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eischeid","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70196600,"text":"70196600 - 2014 - Layered hydrothermal barite-sulfide mound field, East Diamante Caldera, Mariana volcanic arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-27T15:58:46","indexId":"70196600","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Layered hydrothermal barite-sulfide mound field, East Diamante Caldera, Mariana volcanic arc","docAbstract":"East Diamante is a submarine volcano in the southern Mariana arc that is host to a complex caldera ~5 × 10 km (elongated ENE-WSW) that is breached along its northern and southwestern sectors. A large field of barite-sulfide mounds was discovered in June 2009 and revisited in July 2010 with the R/V Natsushima, using the ROV Hyper-Dolphin. The mound field occurs on the northeast flank of a cluster of resurgent dacite domes in the central caldera, near an active black smoker vent field. A 40Ar/39Ar age of 20,000 ± 4000 years was obtained from a dacite sample. The mound field is aligned along a series of fractures and extends for more than 180 m east-west and >120 m north-south. Individual mounds are typically 1 to 3 m tall and 0.5 to 2 m wide, with lengths from about 3 to 8 m. The mounds are dominated by barite + sphalerite layers with the margins of each layer composed of barite with disseminated sulfides. Rare, inactive spires and chimneys sit atop some mounds and also occur as clusters away from the mounds. Iron and Mn oxides are currently forming small (<1-m diam, ~0.5-m tall) knolls on the top surface of some of the barite-sulfide mounds and may also drape their flanks. Both diffusely and focused fluids emanate from the small oxide knolls. Radiometric ages of the layered barite-sulfide mounds and chimneys vary from ~3,920 to 3,350 years. One layer, from an outcrop of 10- to 100-cm-thick Cu-rich layers, is notably younger with an age of 2,180 years. The Fe-Mn oxides were <5 years old at the time of collection in 2009.
Most mound, chimney, and layered outcrop samples are dominated by barite, silica, and sphalerite; other sulfides, in decreasing order of abundance, are galena, chalcopyrite, and rare pyrite. Anglesite, cerussite, and unidentified Pb oxychloride and Pb phosphate minerals occur as late-stage interstitial phases. The samples contain high Zn (up to 23 wt %), Pb (to 16 wt %), Ag (to 487 ppm), and Au (to 19 ppm) contents. Some layered outcrop samples are dominated by chalcopyrite resulting in ≤4.78 wt % Cu in a bulk sample (28 wt % for a single lens), with a mean of 0.28 wt % for other samples. Other significant metal enrichments are Sb (to 1,320 ppm), Cd (to 1,150 ppm), and Hg (to 55 ppm).
The East Diamante mound field has a unique set of characteristics compared to other hydrothermal sites in the Mariana arc and elsewhere. The geochemical differences may predominantly reflect the distribution of fractures and faults and consequently the rock/water ratio, temperature of the fluid in the upper parts of the circulation system, and extensive and prolonged mixing with seawater. The location of mineralization is controlled by fractures. Following resurgent doming within the caldera, mineralization resulted from focused flow along small segments of linear fractures rather than from a point source, typical of hydrothermal chimney fields. Based on the mineral assemblage, the maximum fluid temperatures were ~260°C, near the boiling point for the water depths of the mound field (367–406 m). Lateral fluid flow within the mounds precipitated interstitial sphalerite, silica, and Pb minerals within a network of barite with disseminated sulfides; silica was the final phase to precipitate. The current low-temperature precipitation of Fe and Mn oxides and silica may represent rejuvenation of the system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.109.8.2179","usgsCitation":"Hein, J.R., de Ronde, C.E., Koski, R.A., Ditchburn, R.G., Mizell, K., Tamura, Y., Stern, R.J., Conrad, T., Ishizuka, O., and Leybourne, M.I., 2014, Layered hydrothermal barite-sulfide mound field, East Diamante Caldera, Mariana volcanic arc: Economic Geology, v. 109, no. 8, p. 2179-2206, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.109.8.2179.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"2179","endPage":"2206","ipdsId":"IP-049293","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353613,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeed73e4b0da30c1bfc708","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":2828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":733756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"de Ronde, Cornel E. J.","contributorId":98109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Ronde","given":"Cornel","email":"","middleInitial":"E. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koski, Randolph A. rkoski@usgs.gov","contributorId":2949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"Randolph","email":"rkoski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":733758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ditchburn, Robert G.","contributorId":204359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ditchburn","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mizell, Kira 0000-0002-5066-787X kmizell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-787X","contributorId":4914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mizell","given":"Kira","email":"kmizell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tamura, Yoshihiko","contributorId":204360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tamura","given":"Yoshihiko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stern, Robert J.","contributorId":204361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stern","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Conrad, Tracey tconrad@usgs.gov","contributorId":5021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"Tracey","email":"tconrad@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":733763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ishizuka, Osamu","contributorId":204362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ishizuka","given":"Osamu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Leybourne, Matthew I.","contributorId":204363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leybourne","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70186700,"text":"70186700 - 2014 - Mineral resource of the month: Mica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T13:02:46","indexId":"70186700","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: Mica","docAbstract":"The mica mineral group includes 34 phyllosilicate minerals, all with a layered, platy texture. The mineral has been known for millennia: Mica was first mined in India about 4,000 years ago, where it was used primarily in medicines. The Mayans used it for decorative effect in stucco to make their temples sparkle in the sun. Today it is used in everything from electrical products to makeup.
Bed-sediment classification using high-frequency hydro-acoustic instruments is challenging when sediments are spatially heterogeneous, which is often the case in rivers. The use of acoustic backscatter to classify sediments is an attractive alternative to analysis of topography because it is potentially sensitive to grain-scale roughness. Here, a new method is presented which uses high-frequency acoustic backscatter from multibeam sonar to classify heterogeneous riverbed sediments by type (sand, gravel,rock) continuously in space and at small spatial resolution. In this, the first of a pair of papers that examine the scattering signatures from a heterogeneous riverbed, methods are presented to construct spatially explicit maps of spectral properties from geo-referenced point clouds of geometrically and radiometrically corrected echoes. Backscatter power spectra are computed to produce scale and amplitude metrics that collectively characterize the length scales of stochastic measures of riverbed scattering, termed ‘stochastic geometries’. Backscatter aggregated over small spatial scales have spectra that obey a power-law. This apparently self-affine behavior could instead arise from morphological- and grain-scale roughnesses over multiple overlapping scales, or riverbed scattering being transitional between Rayleigh and geometric regimes. Relationships exist between stochastic geometries of backscatter and areas of rough and smooth sediments. However, no one parameter can uniquely characterize a particular substrate, nor definitively separate the relative contributions of roughness and acoustic impedance (hardness). Combinations of spectral quantities do, however, have the potential to delineate riverbed sediment patchiness, in a data-driven approach comparing backscatter with bed-sediment observations (which is the subject of part two of this manuscript).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JF003189","usgsCitation":"Buscombe, D.D., Grams, P.E., and Kaplinski, M.A., 2014, Characterizing riverbed sediment using high-frequency acoustics 1: spectral properties of scattering: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 119, no. 12, p. 2674-2691, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JF003189.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2674","endPage":"2691","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056183","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jf003189","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297949,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a5de4b08de9379b3010","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buscombe, Daniel D. 0000-0001-6217-5584 dbuscombe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-5584","contributorId":5020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buscombe","given":"Daniel","email":"dbuscombe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708 pgrams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":1830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","email":"pgrams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaplinski, Matthew A.","contributorId":139210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaplinski","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70138724,"text":"70138724 - 2014 - Drivers of waterfowl population dynamics: from teal to swans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-21T15:12:25","indexId":"70138724","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drivers of waterfowl population dynamics: from teal to swans","docAbstract":"Waterfowl are among the best studied and most extensively monitored species in the world. Given their global importance for sport and subsistence hunting, viewing and ecosystem functioning, great effort has been devoted since the middle part of the 20th century to understanding both the environmental and demographic mechanisms that influence waterfowl population and community dynamics. Here we use comparative approaches to summarise and contrast our understanding ofwaterfowl population dynamics across species as short-lived as the teal Anas discors and A.crecca to those such as the swans Cygnus sp. which have long life-spans. Specifically, we focus on population responses to vital rate perturbations across life history strategies, discuss bottom-up and top-down responses of waterfowlpopulations to global change, and summarise our current understanding of density dependence across waterfowl species. We close by identifying research needs and highlight ways to overcome the challenges of sustainably managing waterfowl populations in the 21st century.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust","usgsCitation":"Koons, D.N., Gunnarsson, G., Schmutz, J.A., and Rotella, J.J., 2014, Drivers of waterfowl population dynamics: from teal to swans: Wildfowl, no. Special Issue 4, p. 169-191.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052740","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297435,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/2606"}],"issue":"Special Issue 4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a6de4b08de9379b3057","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koons, David N.","contributorId":28137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koons","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gunnarsson, Gunnar","contributorId":138846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gunnarsson","given":"Gunnar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rotella, Jay J.","contributorId":37271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rotella","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5098,"text":"Department of Ecology, Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156296,"text":"70156296 - 2014 - Approximations of stand water use versus evapotranspiration from three mangrove forests in southwest Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-25T14:20:18","indexId":"70156296","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Approximations of stand water use versus evapotranspiration from three mangrove forests in southwest Florida, USA","docAbstract":"Leaves from mangrove forests are often considered efficient in the use of water during photosynthesis, but less is known about whole-tree and stand-level water use strategies. Are mangrove forests as conservative in water use as experimental studies on seedlings imply? Here, we apply a simple model to estimate stand water use (S), determine the contribution of S to evapotranspiration (ET), and approximate the distribution of S versus ET over annual cycles for three mangrove forests in southwest Florida, USA. The value of S ranged from 350 to 511 mm year−1 for two mangrove forests in Rookery Bay to 872 mm year−1 for a mangrove forest along the Shark River in Everglades National Park. This represents 34–49% of ET for Rookery Bay mangroves, a rather conservative rate ofS, and 63–66% of ET for the Shark River mangroves, a less conservative rate of S. However, variability in estimates of S in mangroves is high enough to require additional study on the spatial changes related to forest structural shifts, different tidal regimes, and variable site-specific salinity concentrations in multiple mangrove forests before a true account of water use conservation strategies can be understood at the landscape scale. Evidence does suggest that large, well-developed mangrove forests have the potential to contribute considerably to the ET balance; however, regionally most mangrove forests are much smaller in stature in Florida and likely contribute less to regional water losses through stand-level transpiration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.11.014","usgsCitation":"Krauss, K.W., Barr, J.G., Engel, V.C., Fuentes, J.D., and Wang, H., 2014, Approximations of stand water use versus evapotranspiration from three mangrove forests in southwest Florida, USA: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 213, p. 291-303, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.11.014.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"303","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054911","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Hall Bay, Henderson Creek, Shark River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.7719268798828,\n 26.005881361953136\n ],\n [\n -81.7719268798828,\n 26.05061418062293\n ],\n [\n -81.71150207519531,\n 26.05061418062293\n ],\n [\n -81.71150207519531,\n 26.005881361953136\n ],\n [\n -81.7719268798828,\n 26.005881361953136\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.1007308959961,\n 25.34542227782849\n ],\n [\n -81.1007308959961,\n 25.372103043852388\n ],\n [\n -81.0516357421875,\n 25.372103043852388\n ],\n [\n -81.0516357421875,\n 25.34542227782849\n ],\n [\n -81.1007308959961,\n 25.34542227782849\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"213","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d5a8ade4b0518e3546a4af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barr, Jordan G.","contributorId":85809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barr","given":"Jordan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13531,"text":"South Florida Natural Resource Center, Everglades National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engel, Victor C. 0000-0002-3858-7308 vengel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-7308","contributorId":2329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"Victor","email":"vengel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuentes, Jose D.","contributorId":97231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuentes","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, Hongqing 0000-0002-2977-7732 wangh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2977-7732","contributorId":140432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Hongqing","email":"wangh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187408,"text":"70187408 - 2014 - Composition of dust deposited to snow cover in the Wasatch Range (Utah, USA): Controls on radiative properties of snow cover and comparison to some dust-source sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-02T10:28:03","indexId":"70187408","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":666,"text":"Aeolian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition of dust deposited to snow cover in the Wasatch Range (Utah, USA): Controls on radiative properties of snow cover and comparison to some dust-source sediments","docAbstract":"Dust layers deposited to snow cover of the Wasatch Range (northern Utah) in 2009 and 2010 provide rare samples to determine the relations between their compositions and radiative properties. These studies are required to comprehend and model how such dust-on-snow (DOS) layers affect rates of snow melt through changes in the albedo of snow surfaces. We evaluated several constituents as potential contributors to the absorption of solar radiation indicated by values of absolute reflectance determined from bi-conical reflectance spectroscopy. Ferric oxide minerals and carbonaceous matter appear to be the primary influences on lowering snow-cover albedo. Techniques of reflectance and Mössbauer spectroscopy as well as rock magnetism provide information about the types, amounts, and grain sizes of ferric oxide minerals. Relatively high amounts of ferric oxide, indicated by hard isothermal remanent magnetization (HIRM), are associated with relatively low average reflectance (<0.25) across the visible wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. Mössbauer spectroscopy indicates roughly equal amounts of hematite and goethite, representing about 35% of the total Fe-bearing phases. Nevertheless, goethite (α-FeOOH) is the dominant ferric oxide found by reflectance spectroscopy and thus appears to be the main iron oxide control on absorption of solar radiation. At least some goethite occurs as nano-phase grain coatings less than about 50 nm thick. Relatively high amounts of organic carbon, indicating as much as about 10% organic matter, are also associated with lower reflectance values. The organic matter, although not fully characterized by type, correlates strongly with metals (e.g., Cu, Pb, As, Cd, Mo, Zn) derived from distal urban and industrial settings, probably including mining and smelting sites. This relation suggests anthropogenic sources for at least some of the carbonaceous matter, such as emissions from transportation and industrial activities. The composition of the DOS samples can be compared with sediments in a likely dust-source setting at the Milford Flat Fire (MFF) area about 225 km southwest of Salt Lake City. The MFF area represents geologically and physiographically similar and widespread dust sources west-southwest of the Wasatch Range and heavily populated Wasatch Front. The DOS layers and MFF sediments are similar in some textural, chemical, and magnetic properties, as well as in the common presence of goethite, hematite, magnetite-bearing basalt fragments, quartz, plagioclase, illite, and kaolinite. Textural and some chemical differences among these deposits can be explained by atmospheric sorting as well as by inputs from other settings, such as salt-crusted playas and contaminant sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2013.08.001","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.L., Goldstein, H.L., Moskowitz, B.M., Bryant, A.C., Skiles, S.M., Kokaly, R., Flagg, C.B., Yauk, K., Berquo, T.S., Breit, G.N., Ketterer, M., Fernandez, D., Miller, M.E., and Painter, T.H., 2014, Composition of dust deposited to snow cover in the Wasatch Range (Utah, USA): Controls on radiative properties of snow cover and comparison to some dust-source sediments: Aeolian Research, v. 15, p. 73-90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2013.08.001.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"90","ipdsId":"IP-039361","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Wasatch Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.20886230468749,\n 40.233411907115055\n ],\n [\n -111.59912109375,\n 40.233411907115055\n ],\n [\n -111.59912109375,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -112.20886230468749,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -112.20886230468749,\n 40.233411907115055\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59099ab0e4b0fc4e44915804","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldstein, Harland L. 0000-0002-6092-8818 hgoldstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6092-8818","contributorId":807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Harland","email":"hgoldstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moskowitz, Bruce M.","contributorId":191599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moskowitz","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bryant, Ann C.","contributorId":191698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bryant","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Skiles, S. 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","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.3189/2014JoG14J100","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, J.J., Voigt, D.E., Fegyveresi, J., Stevens, N.T., Spencer, M.K., Cole-Dai, J., Alley, R.B., Jardine, G.E., Cravens, E., Wilen, L.A., Fudge, T.J., and McConnell, J., 2014, Physical properties of the WAIS Divide ice core: Journal of Glaciology, v. 60, no. 224, p. 1181-1198, https://doi.org/10.3189/2014JoG14J100.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1181","endPage":"1198","ipdsId":"IP-056046","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/2014jog14j100","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340690,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"224","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5908492de4b0fc4e448ffd6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Joan J. jfitz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Joan","email":"jfitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voigt, Donald E.","contributorId":140725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Voigt","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13035,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fegyveresi, John M.","contributorId":40822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fegyveresi","given":"John M.","affiliations":[{"id":13035,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stevens, Nathan T.","contributorId":191669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spencer, Matthew K.","contributorId":140722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spencer","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cole-Dai, Jihong","contributorId":71470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole-Dai","given":"Jihong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Alley, Richard B.","contributorId":34365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alley","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":13035,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jardine, Gabriella E.","contributorId":191670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jardine","given":"Gabriella","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cravens, Eric","contributorId":140599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cravens","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wilen, Lawrence A.","contributorId":94491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilen","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Fudge, T. 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During a period of enhanced degassing activity in March–November 2008, monthly mean SO2 emission rates and effective SO2 lifetimes are determined simultaneously from the observed downwind plume evolution and meteorological wind fields, without further model input. Kīlauea is particularly suited for quantitative investigations from satellite observations owing to the absence of interfering sources, the clearly defined downwind plumes caused by steady trade winds, and generally low cloud fractions. For March–November 2008, the effective SO2 lifetime is 1–2 days, and Kīlauea SO2 emission rates are 9–21 kt day−1, which is about 3 times higher than initially reported from ground-based monitoring systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/acp-14-8309-2014","usgsCitation":"Beirle, S., Hormann, C., Penning de Vries, M., Dorner, S., Kern, C., and Wagner, T., 2014, Estimating the volcanic emission rate and atmospheric lifetime of SO2 from space: a case study for Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, v. 14, p. 8309-8322, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8309-2014.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"8309","endPage":"8322","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049545","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8309-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297384,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.3111457824707,\n 19.37933243547929\n ],\n [\n -155.3111457824707,\n 19.45056843698827\n ],\n [\n -155.23029327392578,\n 19.45056843698827\n ],\n [\n -155.23029327392578,\n 19.37933243547929\n ],\n [\n -155.3111457824707,\n 19.37933243547929\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a73e4b08de9379b306b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beirle, Steffen","contributorId":138808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beirle","given":"Steffen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12534,"text":"Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hormann, Christoph","contributorId":138809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hormann","given":"Christoph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12535,"text":"Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, and Univ. 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The current literature suggests survival during flightless moult is at least as high as at other times of the annual cycle, but documented cases of predation of flightless waterfowl under particular conditions lead us to infer that habitat selection is generally highly effective in mitigating or avoiding predation. High energetic costs of feather replacement and specific amino-acid requirements for their construction imply adoption of special energetic and nutritional strategies at a time when flightlessness limits movements. Some waterfowl meet their energy needs from endogenous stores accumulated prior to remigial moult, others rely on exogenous supply, but this varies with species, age, reproductive status and site. Limited evidence suggests feather proteins are derived from endogenous and exogenous sources which may affect site selection. Remigial moult does not occur independently of other annual cycle events and is affected by reproductive investment and success. Hence, moult strategies are affected by age, sex and reproductive history, and may be influenced by the need to attain a certain internal state for the next stage in the annual cycle (e.g. autumn migration). We know little about habitat selection during moult and urge more research of this poorly known part of the annual cycle, with particular emphasis on identifying key concentrations and habitats for specific flyway populations and the effects of disturbance upon these. This knowledge will better inform conservation actions and management actions concerning waterfowl during moult and the habitats that they exploit.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust","usgsCitation":"Fox, A.D., Flint, P.L., Hohman, W.L., and Savard, J.L., 2014, Waterfowl habitat use and selection during the remigial moult period in the northern hemisphere: Wildfowl, no. 4, p. 131-168.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"168","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050972","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297434,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/2605/0"}],"issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2acfe4b08de9379b3219","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fox, Anthony D.","contributorId":130960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7177,"text":"Dept of Bioscience, Aahus Univ, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hohman, William L.","contributorId":73141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hohman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Savard, Jean-Pierre L.","contributorId":101776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savard","given":"Jean-Pierre","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6962,"text":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170849,"text":"70170849 - 2014 - Fate of injected CO2 in the Wilcox Group, Louisiana, Gulf Coast Basin: Chemical and isotopic tracers of microbial–brine–rock–CO2 interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-01T12:46:38","indexId":"70170849","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Fate of injected CO2 in the Wilcox Group, Louisiana, Gulf Coast Basin: Chemical and isotopic tracers of microbial-brine-rock-CO2 interactions","title":"Fate of injected CO2 in the Wilcox Group, Louisiana, Gulf Coast Basin: Chemical and isotopic tracers of microbial–brine–rock–CO2 interactions","docAbstract":"The “2800’ sandstone” of the Olla oil field is an oil and gas-producing reservoir in a coal-bearing interval of the Paleocene–Eocene Wilcox Group in north-central Louisiana, USA. In the 1980s, this producing unit was flooded with CO2 in an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) project, leaving ∼30% of the injected CO2 in the 2800’ sandstone post-injection. This study utilizes isotopic and geochemical tracers from co-produced natural gas, oil and brine to determine the fate of the injected CO2, including the possibility of enhanced microbial conversion of CO2 to CH4 via methanogenesis. Stable carbon isotopes of CO2, CH4 and DIC, together with mol% CO2 show that 4 out of 17 wells sampled in the 2800’ sandstone are still producing injected CO2. The dominant fate of the injected CO2appears to be dissolution in formation fluids and gas-phase trapping. There is some isotopic and geochemical evidence for enhanced microbial methanogenesis in 2 samples; however, the CO2 spread unevenly throughout the reservoir, and thus cannot explain the elevated indicators for methanogenesis observed across the entire field. Vertical migration out of the target 2800’ sandstone reservoir is also apparent in 3 samples located stratigraphically above the target sand. Reservoirs comparable to the 2800’ sandstone, located along a 90-km transect, were also sampled to investigate regional trends in gas composition, brine chemistry and microbial activity. Microbial methane, likely sourced from biodegradation of organic substrates within the formation, was found in all oil fields sampled, while indicators of methanogenesis (e.g. high alkalinity, δ13C-CO2 and δ13C-DIC values) and oxidation of propane were greatest in the Olla Field, likely due to its more ideal environmental conditions (i.e. suitable range of pH, temperature, salinity, sulfate and iron concentrations).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.015","usgsCitation":"Shelton, J., McIntosh, J.C., Warwick, P.D., and Lee Zhi Yi, A., 2014, Fate of injected CO2 in the Wilcox Group, Louisiana, Gulf Coast Basin: Chemical and isotopic tracers of microbial–brine–rock–CO2 interactions: Applied Geochemistry, v. 51, p. 155-169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.015.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"169","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049302","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320987,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.70263671874999,\n 31.019986671412497\n ],\n [\n -92.70263671874999,\n 32.03602003973757\n ],\n [\n -91.658935546875,\n 32.03602003973757\n ],\n [\n -91.658935546875,\n 31.019986671412497\n ],\n [\n -92.70263671874999,\n 31.019986671412497\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572c6eaee4b09acee7535b77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelton, Jenna L. 0000-0002-1377-0675 jlshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-0675","contributorId":5025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jenna L.","email":"jlshelton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIntosh, Jennifer C.","contributorId":139870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntosh","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13301,"text":"Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":628814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee Zhi Yi, Amelia","contributorId":169185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee Zhi Yi","given":"Amelia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6651,"text":"Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70141076,"text":"70141076 - 2014 - Coastal fog, climate change, and the environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-03T14:18:06","indexId":"70141076","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal fog, climate change, and the environment","docAbstract":"Coastal marine fog, a characteristic feature of climates generated at the eastern boundaries of ocean basins worldwide, evokes different feelings in those who experience it (see Figure 1). Authors and poets use fog to represent mystery, bleakness, and confusion. Film directors seek out fog to shroud scenes in eerie gloominess. Tourists visiting beaches bemoan the cool and damp conditions that create a striking contrast to the sunny warm conditions typically found less than a few kilometers inland. Airline passengers delayed by fog impatiently wait for the skies to clear. Residents get used to the Sun “rising” in midday after fog dissipates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2014EO500001","usgsCitation":"Torregrosa, A.A., O’Brien, T.A., and Faloona, I.C., 2014, Coastal fog, climate change, and the environment: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 95, no. 50, p. 473-474, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014EO500001.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"473","endPage":"474","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058114","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9db6d6v7","text":"External Repository"},{"id":299362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"50","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551fb9b3e4b027f0aee3bb01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torregrosa, Alicia A. 0000-0001-7361-2241 atorregrosa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7361-2241","contributorId":3471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torregrosa","given":"Alicia","email":"atorregrosa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Brien, Travis A.","contributorId":139259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12710,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Earth Science Division","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faloona, Ian C.","contributorId":139260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faloona","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70140709,"text":"70140709 - 2014 - Characterizing riverbed sediment using high-frequency acoustics 2: scattering signatures of Colorado River bed sediment in Marble and Grand Canyons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-12T11:10:07","indexId":"70140709","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing riverbed sediment using high-frequency acoustics 2: scattering signatures of Colorado River bed sediment in Marble and Grand Canyons","docAbstract":"In this, the second of a pair of papers on the statistical signatures of riverbed sediment in high-frequency acoustic backscatter, spatially explicit maps of the stochastic geometries (length- and amplitude-scales) of backscatter are related to patches of riverbed surfaces composed of known sediment types, as determined by geo-referenced underwater video observations. Statistics of backscatter magnitudes alone are found to be poor discriminators between sediment types. However, the variance of the power spectrum, and the intercept and slope from a power-law spectral form (termed the spectral strength and exponent, respectively) successfully discriminate between sediment types. A decision-tree approach was able to classify spatially heterogeneous patches of homogeneous sands, gravels (and sand-gravel mixtures), and cobbles/boulders with 95, 88, and 91% accuracy, respectively. Application to sites outside the calibration, and surveys made at calibration sites at different times, were plausible based on observations from underwater video. Analysis of decision trees built with different training data sets suggested that the spectral exponent was consistently the most important variable in the classification. In the absence of theory concerning how spatially variable sediment surfaces scatter high-frequency sound, the primary advantage of this data-driven approach to classify bed sediment over alternatives is that spectral methods have well understood properties and make no assumptions about the distributional form of the fluctuating component of backscatter over small spatial scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JF003191","usgsCitation":"Buscombe, D.D., Grams, P.E., and Kaplinski, M.A., 2014, Characterizing riverbed sediment using high-frequency acoustics 2: scattering signatures of Colorado River bed sediment in Marble and Grand Canyons: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 119, no. 12, p. 2692-2710, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JF003191.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2692","endPage":"2710","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056184","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jf003191","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297948,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon, Marble Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.82409667968749,\n 35.733136223133926\n ],\n [\n -112.82409667968749,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -111.3848876953125,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -111.3848876953125,\n 35.733136223133926\n ],\n [\n -112.82409667968749,\n 35.733136223133926\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a5de4b08de9379b3012","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buscombe, Daniel D. 0000-0001-6217-5584 dbuscombe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-5584","contributorId":5020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buscombe","given":"Daniel","email":"dbuscombe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708 pgrams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":1830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","email":"pgrams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaplinski, Matthew A.","contributorId":139210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaplinski","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70107228,"text":"70107228 - 2014 - Using the USGS Seismic Risk Web Application to estimate aftershock damage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T12:01:10","indexId":"70107228","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using the USGS Seismic Risk Web Application to estimate aftershock damage","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Engineering Risk Assessment Project has developed the Seismic Risk Web Application to combine earthquake hazard and structural fragility information in order to calculate the risk of earthquake damage to structures. Enabling users to incorporate their own hazard and fragility information into the calculations will make it possible to quantify (in near real-time) the risk of additional damage to structures caused by aftershocks following significant earthquakes. Results can quickly be shared with stakeholders to illustrate the impact of elevated ground motion hazard and earthquake-compromised structural integrity on the risk of damage during a short-term, post-earthquake time horizon.
","conferenceTitle":"Third International Conference on Urban Disaster Reduction","conferenceDate":"September 28 - October 1, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Boulder, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","usgsCitation":"McGowan, S.M., and Luco, N., 2014, Using the USGS Seismic Risk Web Application to estimate aftershock damage, Third International Conference on Urban Disaster Reduction, Boulder, CO, September 28 - October 1, 2014, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056982","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325010,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://3icudr.org/program"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784c347e4b0e02680be59fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGowan, Sean M. smcgowan@usgs.gov","contributorId":4370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"Sean","email":"smcgowan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":518882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luco, Nicolas 0000-0002-5763-9847 nluco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":1188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nicolas","email":"nluco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}