I review the primary literature to ascertain the status of amphibian monitoring efforts in the southeastern USA, a “hotspot” for biodiversity in North America. This effort revealed taxonomic, geographic and ecological disparities in studies of amphibian populations in this region. Of the species of anurans and caudates known to occur in the Southeast, 73.8 and 33.3 %, respectively, have been monitored continuously for at least 4 years. Anurans are generally shorter-lived than are caudates and, thus, have been studied for the equivalent of at least one population turnover more than have caudates. The percentage of species (of those occurring in a given state) monitored continuously for at least 4 years was lowest for Alabama and Mississippi and highest for Florida for both taxa. The vast majority of studies (69.6 %) were conducted on species that inhabit natural freshwater wetlands, in contrast to other aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Species considered threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature comprised only 7.7 % of 65 species that have been studied consistently. The majority of comparative studies of contemporary versus historical occurrences were potentially biased by the use of “presence-only” historical data and resurveys of short duration. Other issues, such as inadequate temporal and spatial scale and neglect of different sources of error, were common. Awareness of these data gaps and sampling and statistical issues may help facilitate informed decisions in setting future monitoring priorities, particularly with respect to species, habitats and locations that have been largely overlooked in past and ongoing studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10531-014-0782-7","usgsCitation":"Walls, S.C., 2014, Identifying monitoring gaps for amphibian populations in a North American biodiversity hotspot, the southeastern USA: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 23, no. 13, p. 3341-3357, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0782-7.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"3341","endPage":"3357","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056114","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297599,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.0869140625,\n 24.44714958973082\n ],\n [\n -94.0869140625,\n 39.436192999314066\n ],\n [\n -75.5859375,\n 39.436192999314066\n ],\n [\n -75.5859375,\n 24.44714958973082\n ],\n [\n -94.0869140625,\n 24.44714958973082\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a87e4b08de9379b30d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walls, Susan C. 0000-0001-7391-9155 swalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-9155","contributorId":138952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walls","given":"Susan","email":"swalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70140709,"text":"70140709 - 2014 - Characterizing riverbed sediment using high-frequency acoustics 2: scattering signatures of Colorado River bed sediment in Marble and Grand Canyons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-12T11:10:07","indexId":"70140709","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing riverbed sediment using high-frequency acoustics 2: scattering signatures of Colorado River bed sediment in Marble and Grand Canyons","docAbstract":"In this, the second of a pair of papers on the statistical signatures of riverbed sediment in high-frequency acoustic backscatter, spatially explicit maps of the stochastic geometries (length- and amplitude-scales) of backscatter are related to patches of riverbed surfaces composed of known sediment types, as determined by geo-referenced underwater video observations. Statistics of backscatter magnitudes alone are found to be poor discriminators between sediment types. However, the variance of the power spectrum, and the intercept and slope from a power-law spectral form (termed the spectral strength and exponent, respectively) successfully discriminate between sediment types. A decision-tree approach was able to classify spatially heterogeneous patches of homogeneous sands, gravels (and sand-gravel mixtures), and cobbles/boulders with 95, 88, and 91% accuracy, respectively. Application to sites outside the calibration, and surveys made at calibration sites at different times, were plausible based on observations from underwater video. Analysis of decision trees built with different training data sets suggested that the spectral exponent was consistently the most important variable in the classification. In the absence of theory concerning how spatially variable sediment surfaces scatter high-frequency sound, the primary advantage of this data-driven approach to classify bed sediment over alternatives is that spectral methods have well understood properties and make no assumptions about the distributional form of the fluctuating component of backscatter over small spatial scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JF003191","usgsCitation":"Buscombe, D.D., Grams, P.E., and Kaplinski, M.A., 2014, Characterizing riverbed sediment using high-frequency acoustics 2: scattering signatures of Colorado River bed sediment in Marble and Grand Canyons: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 119, no. 12, p. 2692-2710, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JF003191.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2692","endPage":"2710","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056184","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jf003191","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297948,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon, Marble Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.82409667968749,\n 35.733136223133926\n ],\n [\n -112.82409667968749,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -111.3848876953125,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -111.3848876953125,\n 35.733136223133926\n ],\n [\n -112.82409667968749,\n 35.733136223133926\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a5de4b08de9379b3012","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buscombe, Daniel D. 0000-0001-6217-5584 dbuscombe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-5584","contributorId":5020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buscombe","given":"Daniel","email":"dbuscombe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708 pgrams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":1830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","email":"pgrams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaplinski, Matthew A.","contributorId":139210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaplinski","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192528,"text":"70192528 - 2014 - What do we gain from simplicity versus complexity in species distribution models?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T13:28:48","indexId":"70192528","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What do we gain from simplicity versus complexity in species distribution models?","docAbstract":"Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used to explain and predict species ranges and environmental niches. They are most commonly constructed by inferring species' occurrence–environment relationships using statistical and machine-learning methods. The variety of methods that can be used to construct SDMs (e.g. generalized linear/additive models, tree-based models, maximum entropy, etc.), and the variety of ways that such models can be implemented, permits substantial flexibility in SDM complexity. Building models with an appropriate amount of complexity for the study objectives is critical for robust inference. We characterize complexity as the shape of the inferred occurrence–environment relationships and the number of parameters used to describe them, and search for insights into whether additional complexity is informative or superfluous. By building ‘under fit’ models, having insufficient flexibility to describe observed occurrence–environment relationships, we risk misunderstanding the factors shaping species distributions. By building ‘over fit’ models, with excessive flexibility, we risk inadvertently ascribing pattern to noise or building opaque models. However, model selection can be challenging, especially when comparing models constructed under different modeling approaches. Here we argue for a more pragmatic approach: researchers should constrain the complexity of their models based on study objective, attributes of the data, and an understanding of how these interact with the underlying biological processes. We discuss guidelines for balancing under fitting with over fitting and consequently how complexity affects decisions made during model building. Although some generalities are possible, our discussion reflects differences in opinions that favor simpler versus more complex models. We conclude that combining insights from both simple and complex SDM building approaches best advances our knowledge of current and future species ranges.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ecog.00845","usgsCitation":"Merow, C., Smith, M.J., Edwards, T., Guisan, A., McMahon, S.M., Normand, S., Thuiller, W., Wuest, R.O., Zimmermann, N.E., and Elith, J., 2014, What do we gain from simplicity versus complexity in species distribution models?: Ecography, v. 37, no. 12, p. 1267-1281, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.00845.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1267","endPage":"1281","ipdsId":"IP-055634","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.00845","text":"External Repository"},{"id":347474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07ece2e4b09af898c8cd32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merow, Cory","contributorId":198540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merow","given":"Cory","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Matthew J.","contributorId":61701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Thomas C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909 tce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":191916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Thomas C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"tce@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guisan, Antoine","contributorId":47943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guisan","given":"Antoine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McMahon, Sean M. 0000-0001-8302-6908","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8302-6908","contributorId":197833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McMahon","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Normand, Signe","contributorId":30545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normand","given":"Signe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thuiller, Wilfried","contributorId":38059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thuiller","given":"Wilfried","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wuest, Rafael O.","contributorId":198544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wuest","given":"Rafael","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zimmermann, Niklaus E.","contributorId":68446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmermann","given":"Niklaus","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Elith, Jane","contributorId":14546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elith","given":"Jane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70189777,"text":"70189777 - 2014 - Late Holocene slip rate and ages of prehistoric earthquakes along the Maacama Fault near Willits, Mendocino County, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-26T11:21:18","indexId":"70189777","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Holocene slip rate and ages of prehistoric earthquakes along the Maacama Fault near Willits, Mendocino County, northern California","docAbstract":"The Maacama fault is the northward continuation of the Hayward–Rodgers Creek fault system and creeps at a rate of 5.7±0.1 mm/yr (averaged over the last 20 years) in Willits, California. Our paleoseismic studies at Haehl Creek suggest that the Maacama fault has produced infrequent large earthquakes in addition to creep. Fault terminations observed in several excavations provide evidence that a prehistoric surface‐rupturing earthquake occurred between 1060 and 1180 calibrated years (cal) B.P. at the Haehl Creek site. A folding event, which we attribute to a more recent large earthquake, occurred between 790 and 1060 cal B.P. In the last 560–690 years, a buried channel deposit has been offset 4.6±0.2 m, giving an average slip rate of 6.4–8.6 mm/yr, which is higher than the creep rate over the last 20 years. The difference between this slip rate and the creep rate suggests that coseismic slip up to 1.7 m could have occurred after the formation of the channel deposit and could be due to a paleoearthquake known from paleoseismic studies in the Ukiah Valley, about 25 km to the southeast. Therefore, we infer that at least two, and possibly three, large earthquakes have occurred at the Haehl Creek site since 1180 cal B.P. (770 C.E.), consistent with earlier studies suggesting infrequent, large earthquakes on the Maacama fault. The short‐term geodetic slip rate across the Maacama fault zone is approximately twice the slip rate that we have documented at the Haehl Creek site, which is averaged over the last approximately 600 years. If the geodetic rate represents the long‐term slip accumulation across the fault zone, then we infer that, in the last ∼1200 years, additional earthquakes may have occurred either on the Haehl Creek segment of the Maacama fault or on other active faults within the Maacama fault zone at this latitude.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120140003","usgsCitation":"Prentice, C.S., Larsen, M.C., Kelsey, H.M., and Zachariasen, J., 2014, Late Holocene slip rate and ages of prehistoric earthquakes along the Maacama Fault near Willits, Mendocino County, northern California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 104, no. 6, p. 2966-2984, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140003.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2966","endPage":"2984","ipdsId":"IP-053430","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Mendocino County","city":"Willits","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.37509155273436,\n 39.37889504706486\n ],\n [\n -123.28582763671875,\n 39.37889504706486\n ],\n [\n -123.28582763671875,\n 39.47542552260568\n ],\n [\n -123.37509155273436,\n 39.47542552260568\n ],\n [\n -123.37509155273436,\n 39.37889504706486\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5979aa56e4b0ec1a488b8c1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prentice, Carol S. 0000-0003-3732-3551 cprentice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3732-3551","contributorId":2676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"Carol","email":"cprentice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larsen, Martin C.","contributorId":195130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larsen","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelsey, Harvey M.","contributorId":184057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelsey","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zachariasen, Judith","contributorId":195131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zachariasen","given":"Judith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70137569,"text":"70137569 - 2014 - Verifying success of artificial spawning reefs in the St. Clair-Detroit River System for lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-22T09:03:48","indexId":"70137569","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Verifying success of artificial spawning reefs in the St. Clair-Detroit River System for lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817)","docAbstract":"Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) were historically abundant in the St. Clair – Detroit River System (SCDRS), a 160 km river/channel network. In the SCDRS, lake sturgeon populations have been negatively affected by the loss/degradation of natural spawning habitat. To address habitat loss for lake sturgeon and other species, efforts are underway to restore spawning substrate by constructing artificial reefs. The main objective of this study was to conduct post-construction monitoring of lake sturgeon egg deposition and larval emergence near two of these artificial reefs: Fighting Island Reef (FIR) in the Detroit River, and Middle Channel Reef in the St. Clair River. An additional site in the St. Clair River where lake sturgeon spawn on a coal clinker bed was also investigated. From 2010 to 2012, viable eggs and larvae were collected from all of these reefs, indicating that conditions are suitable for egg deposition, incubation, and larval emergence. In the St. Clair River, the results indicate the likelihood of other spawning sites upstream of these artificial reef sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jai.12603","collaboration":"Emily K. Bouckaert; Nancy A. Auer; James Boase","usgsCitation":"Bouckaert, E.K., Auer, N.A., Roseman, E., and Boase, J., 2014, Verifying success of artificial spawning reefs in the St. Clair-Detroit River System for lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817): Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 30, no. 6, p. 1393-1401, https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12603.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1393","endPage":"1401","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050306","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12603","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Detroit River, St. Clair River","volume":"30","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2acae4b08de9379b320b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouckaert, Emliy K.","contributorId":138589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bouckaert","given":"Emliy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":12453,"text":"Michigan Technological University, Department of Biology, Houghton, MI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auer, Nancy A.","contributorId":138854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Auer","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12453,"text":"Michigan Technological University, Department of Biology, Houghton, MI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roseman, Edward F. eroseman@usgs.gov","contributorId":534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","email":"eroseman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boase, James","contributorId":138590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boase","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12454,"text":"3USFWS Alpena National Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, Waterford Substation, 7806 Gale Road, Waterford, MI 48327","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70137759,"text":"70137759 - 2014 - Book review: Implementing the Endangered Species Act on the Platte Basin water commons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T11:17:43","indexId":"70137759","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3580,"text":"The Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Implementing the Endangered Species Act on the Platte Basin water commons","docAbstract":"The Platte River is a unique midcontinent ecosystem that is world-renowned for its natural resources, particularly the spectacular spring concentrations of migratory birds, such as sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis), ducks, and geese. The Platte River basin also provides habitat for four federally listed endangered or threatened species—interior least tern (Sternula antillarum athalassos), piping plover (Charadrius melodus), whooping crane (G. americana), and pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus)—that require specific hydrological conditions in order for habitat to be suitable. Flows on the Platte River are subject to regulation by a number of dams, and it is heavily relied upon for irrigation in Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska. Accordingly, it also has become a political battleground for the simple reason that the demand for water exceeds supply. David Freeman’s book takes a detailed look at water-use issues on the Platte River, focusing on how implementation of the Endangered Species Act influences decision-making about water allocations.
\nReview info: Implementing the Endangered Species Act on the Platte Basin Water Commons. By David M. Freeman, 2010. ISBN: 978-1607320548, 483 pp.
","language":"English","publisher":"Great Plains Natural Science Society","usgsCitation":"Sherfy, M.H., 2014, Book review: Implementing the Endangered Species Act on the Platte Basin water commons: The Prairie Naturalist, v. 46, no. 1, p. 115-116.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"116","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059916","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297227,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297137,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sdstate.edu/nrm/organizations/gpnss/tpn/2014-volume-46.cfm"}],"volume":"46","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a5be4b08de9379b3006","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherfy, Mark H. 0000-0003-3016-4105 msherfy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3016-4105","contributorId":125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherfy","given":"Mark","email":"msherfy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70144518,"text":"70144518 - 2014 - Temporal and spatial changes in golden eagle reproduction in relation to increased off highway vehicle activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:17:18","indexId":"70144518","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial changes in golden eagle reproduction in relation to increased off highway vehicle activity","docAbstract":"We used >40 years of data on golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) nesting in southwestern Idaho, USA, to assess whether the proportion of territories and pairs producing young has changed over time, and whether territories in areas where off highway vehicle (OHV) use has increased significantly were less likely to be productive than those in areas that continued to have little or no motorized recreation. The proportion of territories that produced young was similar across southwestern Idaho from the late 1960s to 1999. After a dramatic increase in OHV use from 1999 to 2009, occupancy and success of territories in close proximity to recreational trails and parking areas declined, and the proportion of these territories producing young differed significantly from territories not impacted by OHVs. We could not pinpoint which types of motorized activity are most disturbing, nor could we identify disturbance thresholds at which eagles abandon their eggs, their young, and finally their territory. Timing, proximity, duration, and frequency of disturbance could all play a role. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wsb.451","usgsCitation":"Steenhof, K., Brown, J.L., and Kochert, M.N., 2014, Temporal and spatial changes in golden eagle reproduction in relation to increased off highway vehicle activity: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 38, no. 4, p. 682-688, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.451.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"682","endPage":"688","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053499","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/3b673162db474e6fa1251ea6a8b396a9","text":"External Repository"},{"id":299203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.63635253906249,\n 42.58544425738491\n ],\n [\n -116.63635253906249,\n 43.32118142926663\n ],\n [\n -115.697021484375,\n 43.32118142926663\n ],\n [\n -115.697021484375,\n 42.58544425738491\n ],\n [\n -116.63635253906249,\n 42.58544425738491\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551bc52ee4b0323842783a57","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/wsb.451","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.451","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Steenhof Karen, Brown Jessi L., Kochert Michael N.","journalName":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","publicationDate":"7/1/2014","auditedOn":"2/8/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steenhof, Karen karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","contributorId":30585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steenhof","given":"Karen","email":"karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Jessi L.","contributorId":44817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Jessi","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13184,"text":"Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kochert, Michael N. 0000-0002-4380-3298 mkochert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-3298","contributorId":3037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochert","given":"Michael","email":"mkochert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187301,"text":"70187301 - 2014 - Hidden Markov model for dependent mark loss and survival estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T15:03:46","indexId":"70187301","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hidden Markov model for dependent mark loss and survival estimation","docAbstract":"Mark-recapture estimators assume no loss of marks to provide unbiased estimates of population parameters. We describe a hidden Markov model (HMM) framework that integrates a mark loss model with a Cormack–Jolly–Seber model for survival estimation. Mark loss can be estimated with single-marked animals as long as a sub-sample of animals has a permanent mark. Double-marking provides an estimate of mark loss assuming independence but dependence can be modeled with a permanently marked sub-sample. We use a log-linear approach to include covariates for mark loss and dependence which is more flexible than existing published methods for integrated models. The HMM approach is demonstrated with a dataset of black bears (Ursus americanus) with two ear tags and a subset of which were permanently marked with tattoos. The data were analyzed with and without the tattoo. Dropping the tattoos resulted in estimates of survival that were reduced by 0.005–0.035 due to tag loss dependence that could not be modeled. We also analyzed the data with and without the tattoo using a single tag. By not using.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13253-014-0190-1","usgsCitation":"Laake, J.L., Johnson, D., Diefenbach, D.R., and Ternent, M.A., 2014, Hidden Markov model for dependent mark loss and survival estimation: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 19, no. 4, p. 522-538, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-014-0190-1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"522","endPage":"538","ipdsId":"IP-057112","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030328e4b0e862d230f74f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laake, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":83851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laake","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6578,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98112, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Devin S.","contributorId":47524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Devin S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147 drd11@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":5235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane","email":"drd11@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ternent, Mark A.","contributorId":150194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ternent","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6917,"text":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Laramie, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70138724,"text":"70138724 - 2014 - Drivers of waterfowl population dynamics: from teal to swans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-21T15:12:25","indexId":"70138724","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drivers of waterfowl population dynamics: from teal to swans","docAbstract":"Waterfowl are among the best studied and most extensively monitored species in the world. Given their global importance for sport and subsistence hunting, viewing and ecosystem functioning, great effort has been devoted since the middle part of the 20th century to understanding both the environmental and demographic mechanisms that influence waterfowl population and community dynamics. Here we use comparative approaches to summarise and contrast our understanding ofwaterfowl population dynamics across species as short-lived as the teal Anas discors and A.crecca to those such as the swans Cygnus sp. which have long life-spans. Specifically, we focus on population responses to vital rate perturbations across life history strategies, discuss bottom-up and top-down responses of waterfowlpopulations to global change, and summarise our current understanding of density dependence across waterfowl species. We close by identifying research needs and highlight ways to overcome the challenges of sustainably managing waterfowl populations in the 21st century.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust","usgsCitation":"Koons, D.N., Gunnarsson, G., Schmutz, J.A., and Rotella, J.J., 2014, Drivers of waterfowl population dynamics: from teal to swans: Wildfowl, no. Special Issue 4, p. 169-191.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052740","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297435,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/2606"}],"issue":"Special Issue 4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a6de4b08de9379b3057","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koons, David N.","contributorId":28137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koons","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gunnarsson, Gunnar","contributorId":138846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gunnarsson","given":"Gunnar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rotella, Jay J.","contributorId":37271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rotella","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5098,"text":"Department of Ecology, Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70138723,"text":"70138723 - 2014 - Waterfowl habitat use and selection during the remigial moult period in the northern hemisphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-22T11:36:18","indexId":"70138723","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waterfowl habitat use and selection during the remigial moult period in the northern hemisphere","docAbstract":"This paper reviews factors affecting site selection amongst waterfowl (Anatidae) during the flightless remigial moult, emphasising the roles of predation and food supply (especially protein and energy). The current literature suggests survival during flightless moult is at least as high as at other times of the annual cycle, but documented cases of predation of flightless waterfowl under particular conditions lead us to infer that habitat selection is generally highly effective in mitigating or avoiding predation. High energetic costs of feather replacement and specific amino-acid requirements for their construction imply adoption of special energetic and nutritional strategies at a time when flightlessness limits movements. Some waterfowl meet their energy needs from endogenous stores accumulated prior to remigial moult, others rely on exogenous supply, but this varies with species, age, reproductive status and site. Limited evidence suggests feather proteins are derived from endogenous and exogenous sources which may affect site selection. Remigial moult does not occur independently of other annual cycle events and is affected by reproductive investment and success. Hence, moult strategies are affected by age, sex and reproductive history, and may be influenced by the need to attain a certain internal state for the next stage in the annual cycle (e.g. autumn migration). We know little about habitat selection during moult and urge more research of this poorly known part of the annual cycle, with particular emphasis on identifying key concentrations and habitats for specific flyway populations and the effects of disturbance upon these. This knowledge will better inform conservation actions and management actions concerning waterfowl during moult and the habitats that they exploit.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust","usgsCitation":"Fox, A.D., Flint, P.L., Hohman, W.L., and Savard, J.L., 2014, Waterfowl habitat use and selection during the remigial moult period in the northern hemisphere: Wildfowl, no. 4, p. 131-168.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"168","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050972","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297434,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/2605/0"}],"issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2acfe4b08de9379b3219","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fox, Anthony D.","contributorId":130960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7177,"text":"Dept of Bioscience, Aahus Univ, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hohman, William L.","contributorId":73141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hohman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Savard, Jean-Pierre L.","contributorId":101776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savard","given":"Jean-Pierre","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6962,"text":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70150433,"text":"70150433 - 2014 - Monitoring fish distributions along electrofishing segments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-24T12:04:15","indexId":"70150433","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring fish distributions along electrofishing segments","docAbstract":"Electrofishing is widely used to monitor fish species composition and relative abundance in streams and lakes. According to standard protocols, multiple segments are selected in a body of water to monitor population relative abundance as the ratio of total catch to total sampling effort. The standard protocol provides an assessment of fish distribution at a macrohabitat scale among segments, but not within segments. An ancillary protocol was developed for assessing fish distribution at a finer scale within electrofishing segments. The ancillary protocol was used to estimate spacing, dispersion, and association of two species along shore segments in two local reservoirs. The added information provided by the ancillary protocol may be useful for assessing fish distribution relative to fish of the same species, to fish of different species, and to environmental or habitat characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10661-014-4053-6","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L.E., 2014, Monitoring fish distributions along electrofishing segments: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 186, no. 12, p. 8899-8905, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-4053-6.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"8899","endPage":"8905","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054281","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305971,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Oktibbeha County Lake; Ross Barnett Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.11260986328125,\n 32.35444302709291\n ],\n [\n -90.11260986328125,\n 32.55144352864431\n ],\n [\n -89.89837646484375,\n 32.55144352864431\n ],\n [\n -89.89837646484375,\n 32.35444302709291\n ],\n [\n -90.11260986328125,\n 32.35444302709291\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.95441055297852,\n 33.5004648191553\n ],\n [\n -88.95441055297852,\n 33.5172111895567\n ],\n [\n -88.92539978027344,\n 33.5172111895567\n ],\n [\n -88.92539978027344,\n 33.5004648191553\n ],\n [\n -88.95441055297852,\n 33.5004648191553\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"186","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b361b3e4b09a3b01b5daad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70128627,"text":"70128627 - 2014 - Potential reduction in terrestrial salamander ranges associated with Marcellus shale development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T14:45:20","indexId":"70128627","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential reduction in terrestrial salamander ranges associated with Marcellus shale development","docAbstract":"Natural gas production from the Marcellus shale is rapidly increasing in the northeastern United States. Most of the endemic terrestrial salamander species in the region are classified as ‘globally secure’ by the IUCN, primarily because much of their ranges include state- and federally protected lands, which have been presumed to be free from habitat loss. However, the proposed and ongoing development of the Marcellus gas resources may result in significant range restrictions for these and other terrestrial forest salamanders. To begin to address the gaps in our knowledge of the direct impacts of shale gas development, we developed occurrence models for five species of terrestrial plethodontid salamanders found largely within the Marcellus shale play. We predicted future Marcellus shale development under several scenarios. Under scenarios of 10,000, 20,000, and 50,000 new gas wells, we predict 4%, 8%, and 20% forest loss, respectively, within the play. Predictions of habitat loss vary among species, but in general, Plethodon electromorphus and Plethodonwehrlei are predicted to lose the greatest proportion of forested habitat within their ranges if future Marcellus development is based on characteristics of the shale play. If development is based on current well locations,Plethodonrichmondi is predicted to lose the greatest proportion of habitat. Models showed high uncertainty in species’ ranges and emphasize the need for distribution data collected by widespread and repeated, randomized surveys.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2014.10.008","usgsCitation":"Brand, A.B., Wiewel, A., and Grant, E., 2014, Potential reduction in terrestrial salamander ranges associated with Marcellus shale development: Biological Conservation, v. 180, p. 233-240, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.10.008.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"240","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060365","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324946,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"180","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780cebde4b08116168223a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brand, Adrianne B. 0000-0003-2664-0041 abrand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2664-0041","contributorId":3352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"Adrianne","email":"abrand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiewel, Amber N. M. awiewel@usgs.gov","contributorId":146573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiewel","given":"Amber N. M.","email":"awiewel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":641978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, Evan H. Campbell ehgrant@usgs.gov","contributorId":3696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Evan H. Campbell","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70141683,"text":"70141683 - 2014 - Carryover effects and climatic conditions influence the postfledging survival of greater sage-grouse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-20T09:19:59","indexId":"70141683","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carryover effects and climatic conditions influence the postfledging survival of greater sage-grouse","docAbstract":"Prebreeding survival is an important life history component that affects both parental fitness and population persistence. In birds, prebreeding can be separated into pre- and postfledging periods; carryover effects from the prefledging period may influence postfledging survival. We investigated effects of body condition at fledging, and climatic variation, on postfledging survival of radio-marked greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in the Great Basin Desert of the western United States. We hypothesized that body condition would influence postfledging survival as a carryover effect from the prefledging period, and we predicted that climatic variation may mediate this carryover effect or, alternatively, would act directly on survival during the postfledging period. Individual body condition had a strong positive effect on postfledging survival of juvenile females, suggesting carryover effects from the prefledging period. Females in the upper 25th percentile of body condition scores had a postfledging survival probability more than twice that (Φ = 0.51 ± 0.06 SE) of females in the bottom 25th percentile (Φ = 0.21 ± 0.05 SE). A similar effect could not be detected for males. We also found evidence for temperature and precipitation effects on monthly survival rates of both sexes. After controlling for site-level variation, postfledging survival was nearly twice as great following the coolest and wettest growing season (Φ = 0.77 ± 0.05 SE) compared with the hottest and driest growing season (Φ = 0.39 ± 0.05 SE). We found no relationships between individual body condition and temperature or precipitation, suggesting that carryover effects operated independently of background climatic variation. The temperature and precipitation effects we observed likely produced a direct effect on mortality risk during the postfledging period. Conservation actions that focus on improving prefledging habitat for sage-grouse may have indirect benefits to survival during postfledging, due to carryover effects between the two life phases.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1139","usgsCitation":"Blomberg, E.J., Sedinger, J.S., Gibson, D., Coates, P.S., and Casazza, M.L., 2014, Carryover effects and climatic conditions influence the postfledging survival of greater sage-grouse: Ecology and Evolution, v. 4, no. 23, p. 4488-4499, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1139.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"4488","endPage":"4499","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053864","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1139","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"23","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e868bae4b02d776a67c5c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blomberg, Erik J.","contributorId":17543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blomberg","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibson, Daniel","contributorId":94984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibson","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70144504,"text":"70144504 - 2014 - Volcanology: Lessons learned from Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-13T09:40:53","indexId":"70144504","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanology: Lessons learned from Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery","docAbstract":"Twenty years of continuous Earth observation by satellite SAR have resulted in numerous new insights into active volcanism, including a better understanding of subsurface magma storage and transport, deposition of volcanic materials on the surface, and the structure and development of volcanic edifices. This massive archive of data has resulted in fundamental leaps in our understanding of how volcanoes work – for example, identifying magma accumulation at supposedly quiescent volcanoes, even in remote areas or in the absence of ground-based data. In addition, global compilations of volcanic activity facilitate comparison of deformation behavior between different volcanic arcs and statistical evaluation of the strong link between deformation and eruption. SAR data are also increasingly used in timely hazard evaluation thanks to decreases in data latency and growth in processing and analysis techniques. The existing archive of SAR imagery is on the cusp of being enhanced by a new generation of satellite SAR missions, in addition to ground-based and airborne SAR systems, which will provide enhanced temporal and spatial resolution, broader geographic coverage, and improved availability of data to the scientific community. Now is therefore an opportune time to review the contributions of SAR imagery to volcano science, monitoring, and hazard mitigation, and to explore the future potential for SAR in volcanology. Provided that the ever-growing volume of SAR data can be managed effectively, we expect the future application of SAR data to expand from being a research tool for analyzing volcanic activity after the fact, to being a monitoring and research tool capable of imaging a wide variety of processes on different temporal and spatial scales as those processes are occurring. These data can then be used to develop new models of how volcanoes work and to improve quantitative forecasts of volcanic activity as a means of mitigating risk from future eruptions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.10.010","usgsCitation":"Pinel, V., Poland, M.P., and Hooper, A., 2014, Volcanology: Lessons learned from Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 289, p. 81-113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.10.010.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"113","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057840","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"289","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551bc52fe4b0323842783a5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pinel, Virginie","contributorId":139984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pinel","given":"Virginie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13343,"text":"Université de Savoie · ISTerre Sciences Institute EARTH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":127857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hooper, Andrew","contributorId":139985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hooper","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":13344,"text":"University of Leeds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70117702,"text":"70117702 - 2014 - Predicting occupancy for pygmy rabbits in Wyoming: an independent evaluation of two species distribution models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-10T16:16:49","indexId":"70117702","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting occupancy for pygmy rabbits in Wyoming: an independent evaluation of two species distribution models","docAbstract":"Species distribution models are an important component of natural-resource conservation planning efforts. Independent, external evaluation of their accuracy is important before they are used in management contexts. We evaluated the classification accuracy of two species distribution models designed to predict the distribution of pygmy rabbit Brachylagus idahoensis habitat in southwestern Wyoming, USA. The Nature Conservancy model was deductive and based on published information and expert opinion, whereas the Wyoming Natural Diversity Database model was statistically derived using historical observation data. We randomly selected 187 evaluation survey points throughout southwestern Wyoming in areas predicted to be habitat and areas predicted to be nonhabitat for each model. The Nature Conservancy model correctly classified 39 of 77 (50.6%) unoccupied evaluation plots and 65 of 88 (73.9%) occupied plots for an overall classification success of 63.3%. The Wyoming Natural Diversity Database model correctly classified 53 of 95 (55.8%) unoccupied plots and 59 of 88 (67.0%) occupied plots for an overall classification success of 61.2%. Based on 95% asymptotic confidence intervals, classification success of the two models did not differ. The models jointly classified 10.8% of the area as habitat and 47.4% of the area as nonhabitat, but were discordant in classifying the remaining 41.9% of the area. To evaluate how anthropogenic development affected model predictive success, we surveyed 120 additional plots among three density levels of gas-field road networks. Classification success declined sharply for both models as road-density level increased beyond 5 km of roads per km-squared area. Both models were more effective at predicting habitat than nonhabitat in relatively undeveloped areas, and neither was effective at accounting for the effects of gas-energy-development road networks. Resource managers who wish to know the amount of pygmy rabbit habitat present in an area or wanting to direct gas-drilling efforts away from pygmy rabbit habitat may want to consider both models in an ensemble manner, where more confidence is placed in mapped areas (i.e., pixels) for which both models agree than for areas where there is model disagreement.
","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Journals","doi":"10.3996/022014-JFWM-016","usgsCitation":"Germaine, S., Ignizio, D., Keinath, D., and Copeland, H., 2014, Predicting occupancy for pygmy rabbits in Wyoming: an independent evaluation of two species distribution models: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 5, no. 2, p. 298-314, https://doi.org/10.3996/022014-JFWM-016.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"314","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053665","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/022014-jfwm-016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297449,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 45.120052841530516\n ],\n [\n -103.974609375,\n 45.120052841530516\n ],\n [\n -104.1064453125,\n 41.07935114946899\n ],\n [\n -111.26953125,\n 41.07935114946899\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 45.120052841530516\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2aa4e4b08de9379b315c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Germaine, Steve 0000-0002-7614-2676 germaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7614-2676","contributorId":4743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germaine","given":"Steve","email":"germaines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ignizio, Drew 0000-0001-8054-5139","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8054-5139","contributorId":94602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ignizio","given":"Drew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keinath, Doug","contributorId":115136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keinath","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Copeland, Holly","contributorId":120920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Copeland","given":"Holly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174166,"text":"70174166 - 2014 - Population dynamics modeling of introduced smallmouth bass in the upper Colorado River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-18T15:14:13","indexId":"70174166","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":295,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"title":"Population dynamics modeling of introduced smallmouth bass in the upper Colorado River basin","docAbstract":"The U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) is responsible for protecting and managing the natural resources and heritage on almost 20% of the land in the United States. The DOI’s mission requires access to remotely sensed data over vast lands, including areas that are remote and potentially dangerous to access. Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) technology has the potential to enable the DOI to be a better steward of the land by: (1) Improving natural hazard forecasting and the analysis of the impacts. (2) Improving the understanding of climate change to better plan for likely impacts. (3) Developing precipitation and evaporation forecasting to better manage water resources. (4) Monitoring Arctic ice change and its impacts on ecosystems, coasts, and transportation. (5) Increasing safety and effectiveness of wildland fire management. (6) Enhancing search and rescue capabilities. (7) Broadening the abilities to monitor environmental or landscape conditions and changes. (8) Better understanding and protecting the Nation’s ecosystems. The initial operational testing and evaluations performed by the DOI have proven that UAS technology can be used to support many of the Department’s activities. UAS technology provides scientists a way to look longer, closer and more frequently at some of Earth’s most remote areas—places that were previously too dangerous or expensive to monitor in detail. The flexibility of operations and relative low cost to purchase and operate Small Unmanned Aerial System (sUAS) enhances the ability to track long-term landscape and environmental change. The initial testing indicates the operational costs are approximately 10% of traditional manned aircraft. In addition, users can quickly assess landscape-altering events such as wildland fires, floods and volcanoes. UAS technology will allow the DOI to do more with less and in the process enhance the Department’s ability to provide unbiased scientific information to help stakeholders make informed decisions. It will also provide a digital baseline record that can be archived and used when monitoring future events or conditions. One possible future scenario has scientists carrying sUAS into the field allowing quick deployment and operation to observe the environment or for emergency response. This scenario could also include a persistent monitoring capability provided by a UAS that can stay airborne over a small geographic area for days or weeks, or possibly longer. While the DOI focus is on sUAS, the Department recognizes that larger UAS systems will also play a role in meeting its mission. The Department anticipates meeting long-duration or specialized acquisition commitments, such as state or national aerial photography, by collaboration with other agencies or through commercial contracts. Even though the DOI continues to evaluate UAS and sensor technology to meet the Department’s mission, some of its bureaus are already moving towards an operational capability. The authors fully anticipate that by 2020 UAS will emerge as one of the primary platforms for DOI remote sensing applications.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Quirk, B.K., and Hutt, M.E., 2014, Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) activities at the Department of the Interior: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 80, no. 12, p. 1089-1095.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1089","endPage":"1095","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057845","costCenters":[{"id":498,"text":"Office of Land Remote Sensing (Geography)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780cec1e4b08116168223f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quirk, Bruce K. quirk@usgs.gov","contributorId":4285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quirk","given":"Bruce","email":"quirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":519471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutt, Michael E. 0000-0002-3869-6096 mehutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3869-6096","contributorId":5037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"Michael","email":"mehutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":641982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176212,"text":"70176212 - 2014 - U.S. Geological Survey unconventional petroleum systems research in south Mississippi: Observations on burial history and thermal maturity in the Cretaceous","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T07:01:00","indexId":"70176212","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-30T14:16:59","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5900,"text":"Mississippi Geological Society Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey unconventional petroleum systems research in south Mississippi: Observations on burial history and thermal maturity in the Cretaceous","docAbstract":"Shale hydrocarbon ‘resource’ plays have revolutionized the United States energy mix over the last 5 years. These plays are diverse in lithology and age but share the common feature of occurring in ‘tight’ formations which require hydraulic (hydro-) fracturing for economic flow rates. In general, economic success requires an organic-rich reservoir with a quartz- or carbonate-rich mineralogy that responds to artificial stimulation by fracturing. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is tasked with estimating the quantity and quality of undiscovered hydrocarbons reservoired in shales. In support of that mission, we began an investigation of unconventional petroleum systems in the southern part of the Mississippi Salt Basin in 2012, building on earlier reconnaissance work that identified this area as potentially prospective for ‘shale’ gas (Enomoto et al., 2012). While our recent studies (Valentine et al., 2014a; Hackley et al., 2014) have suggested poor ‘shale’ gas prospectivity (due to low organic content, low porosity, high clay content, and significant depth), at least for the Aptian section, they also have generated a wealth of new information about thermal maturity in the Cretaceous of south Mississippi. In addition, our work to-date has set the stage for future USGS evaluation of unconventional hydrocarbons reservoired in the Upper Cretaceous Tuscaloosa Marine Shale (TMS). Here, we summarize recent USGS thermal maturity studies in the south Mississippi Salt Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mississippi Geological Society","usgsCitation":"Hackley, P.C., Valentine, B.J., Enomoto, C.B., and Coleman, J.L., 2014, U.S. Geological Survey unconventional petroleum systems research in south Mississippi: Observations on burial history and thermal maturity in the Cretaceous: Mississippi Geological Society Bulletin, v. 63, no. 3, p. 9-15.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"15","ipdsId":"IP-060831","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370117,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":370116,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.missgeo.com/publications.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Salt Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.29638671875,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -88.35205078124999,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -88.35205078124999,\n 32.45415593941475\n ],\n [\n -91.29638671875,\n 32.45415593941475\n ],\n [\n -91.29638671875,\n 30.29701788337205\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Enomoto, Catherine B. 0000-0002-4119-1953 cenomoto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-1953","contributorId":2126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enomoto","given":"Catherine","email":"cenomoto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coleman, James L. jlcoleman@usgs.gov","contributorId":141060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"James","email":"jlcoleman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189098,"text":"70189098 - 2014 - Spectroscopic remote sensing of plant stress at leaf and canopy levels using the chlorophyll 680 nm absorption feature with continuum removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T14:57:04","indexId":"70189098","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1958,"text":"ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectroscopic remote sensing of plant stress at leaf and canopy levels using the chlorophyll 680 nm absorption feature with continuum removal","docAbstract":"This paper explores the use of spectral feature analysis to detect plant stress in visible/near infrared wavelengths. A time series of close range leaf and canopy reflectance data of two plant species grown in hydrocarbon-contaminated soil was acquired with a portable spectrometer. The ProSpecTIR-VS airborne imaging spectrometer was used to obtain far range hyperspectral remote sensing data over the field experiment. Parameters describing the chlorophyll 680 nm absorption feature (depth, width, and area) were derived using continuum removal applied to the spectra. A new index, the Plant Stress Detection Index (PSDI), was calculated using continuum-removed values near the chlorophyll feature centre (680 nm) and on the green-edge (560 and 575 nm). Chlorophyll feature’s depth, width and area, the PSDI and a narrow-band normalised difference vegetation index were evaluated for their ability to detect stressed plants. The objective was to analyse how the parameters/indices were affected by increasing degrees of plant stress and to examine their utility as plant stress indicators at the remote sensing level (e.g. airborne sensor). For leaf data, PSDI and the chlorophyll feature area revealed the highest percentage (67–70%) of stressed plants. The PSDI also proved to be the best constraint for detecting the stress in hydrocarbon-impacted plants with field canopy spectra and airborne imaging spectroscopy data. This was particularly true using thresholds based on the ASD canopy data and considering the combination of higher percentage of stressed plants detected (across the thresholds) and fewer false-positives.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.08.015","usgsCitation":"Sanches, I.D., Souza Filho, C.R., and Kokaly, R.F., 2014, Spectroscopic remote sensing of plant stress at leaf and canopy levels using the chlorophyll 680 nm absorption feature with continuum removal: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, v. 97, p. 111-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.08.015.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"111","endPage":"122","ipdsId":"IP-053450","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","city":"Paulinia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -47.147483825683594,\n -22.808465975108554\n ],\n [\n -47.133750915527344,\n -22.815428289744773\n ],\n [\n -47.12242126464844,\n -22.808149497806834\n ],\n [\n -47.111091613769524,\n -22.79833833687238\n ],\n [\n -47.10491180419922,\n -22.78694384438262\n ],\n [\n -47.098045349121094,\n -22.76763433680151\n ],\n [\n -47.10456848144531,\n -22.750221783207994\n ],\n [\n -47.12242126464844,\n -22.724573799995852\n ],\n [\n -47.139244079589844,\n -22.709056018423638\n ],\n [\n -47.157440185546875,\n -22.7087393106849\n ],\n [\n -47.18833923339844,\n -22.714756632433836\n ],\n [\n -47.22095489501953,\n -22.72647381558556\n ],\n [\n -47.20996856689453,\n -22.74673900612644\n ],\n [\n -47.18559265136719,\n -22.77016688690709\n ],\n [\n -47.147483825683594,\n -22.808465975108554\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611bde4b0d1f9f050678e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanches, Ieda Del’Arco","contributorId":193998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanches","given":"Ieda","email":"","middleInitial":"Del’Arco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Souza Filho, Carlos Roberto de","contributorId":193999,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Souza Filho","given":"Carlos","email":"","middleInitial":"Roberto de","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101 raymond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":150717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond","email":"raymond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":702851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70135293,"text":"70135293 - 2014 - Investigating organic matter in Fanno Creek, Oregon, Part 3 of 3: identifying and quantifying sources of organic matter to an urban stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-12T10:26:17","indexId":"70135293","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating organic matter in Fanno Creek, Oregon, Part 3 of 3: identifying and quantifying sources of organic matter to an urban stream","docAbstract":"The sources, transport, and characteristics of organic matter (OM) in Fanno Creek, an urban stream in northwest Oregon, were assessed and quantified using: (1) optical instruments to calculate transported loads of dissolved, particulate, and total organic carbon, (2) fluorescence spectroscopy and stable isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N) to elucidate sources and chemical properties of OM throughout the basin, and (3) synoptic sampling to investigate seasonal and hydrologic variations in the characteristics and quantity of OM. Results from this study indicate that of the roughly 324 (±2.9%) metric tons (tonnes, t) of organic carbon exported from the basin during March 2012 to March 2013, most of the OM in Fanno Creek was dissolved (72%) and was present year-round at concentrations exceeding 3–4 milligrams of carbon per liter, whereas particulate carbon typically was mobilized and transported only by higher-flow conditions. The isotopic and fluorescence characteristics of Fanno Creek OM indicate that the carbon originates primarily from terrestrial inputs, most likely riparian vegetative biomass that enters the stream via litterfall and overland transport and then travels through the system episodically as a result of hydrologic processes. The amount of OM exported from the Fanno Creek drainage over the course of a year in this study is consistent with previous estimates of annual riparian litterfall in or near the creek. Although the creek channel is actively eroding, most bank material has too little OM for that to be a dominant source of OM to the stream. Fluorescence data revealed that the OM contains primarily humic and fulvic-like components that become less aromatic as the OM moves downstream. The most significant seasonal variation was associated with OM transported in the first storms of the autumn season (fall flush). That material was characteristically different, with a larger fraction of microbially derived OM that probably resulted from an accumulation of easy-to-mobilize and decomposing material in the streambed during previous months of summertime low-flow conditions. The first fall flush produced the highest concentrations of OM of the entire year, and the resulting load of mobilized and decomposing OM resulted in a significant oxygen demand immediately downstream in the Tualatin River.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.033","usgsCitation":"Goldman, J.H., Rounds, S.A., Keith, M., and Sobieszczyk, S., 2014, Investigating organic matter in Fanno Creek, Oregon, Part 3 of 3: identifying and quantifying sources of organic matter to an urban stream: Journal of Hydrology, v. 519, no. 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The key sources of OM in Fanno Creek and other Tualatin River tributaries have not been fully identified, although isotopic analyses from previous studies indicated a predominantly terrestrial source. This study investigates the role of fine sediment erosion and deposition (mechanisms and spatial patterns) in relation to OM transport. Geomorphic mapping within the Fanno Creek floodplain shows that a large portion (approximately 70%) of the banks are eroding or subject to erosion, likely as a result of the imbalance caused by anthropogenic alteration. Field measurements of long- and short-term bank erosion average 4.2 cm/year and average measurements of deposition for the watershed are 4.8 cm/year. The balance between average annual erosion and deposition indicates an export of 3,250 metric tons (tonnes, t) of fine sediment to the Tualatin River—about twice the average annual export of 1,880 t of sediment at a location 2.4 km from the creek’s mouth calculated from suspended sediment load regressions from continuous turbidity data and suspended sediment samples. Carbon content from field samples of bank material, combined with fine sediment export rates, indicates that about 29–67 t of carbon, or about 49–116 t of OM, from bank sediment may be exported to the Tualatin River from Fanno Creek annually, an estimate that is a lower bound because it does not account for the mass wasting of organic-rich O and A soil horizons that enter the stream.
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Part D, p. 3010-3027, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.027.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3010","endPage":"3027","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050175","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Fanno Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.8216552734375,\n 45.37240823082044\n ],\n [\n -122.8216552734375,\n 45.50875295937584\n ],\n [\n -122.66853332519531,\n 45.50875295937584\n ],\n [\n -122.66853332519531,\n 45.37240823082044\n ],\n [\n -122.8216552734375,\n 45.37240823082044\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"519","issue":"Part D","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548c1fd3e4b0ca8c43c3696d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keith, Mackenzie K. mkeith@usgs.gov","contributorId":4140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Mackenzie K.","email":"mkeith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":527021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sobieszczyk, Steven 0000-0002-0834-8437 ssobie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0834-8437","contributorId":885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobieszczyk","given":"Steven","email":"ssobie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldman, Jami H. 0000-0001-5466-912X jgoldman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5466-912X","contributorId":4848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Jami","email":"jgoldman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70179125,"text":"70179125 - 2014 - Neoproterozoic–Cambrian stratigraphic framework of the Anti-Atlas and Ouzellagh promontory (High Atlas), Morocco","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-19T10:12:30","indexId":"70179125","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2147,"text":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Neoproterozoic–Cambrian stratigraphic framework of the Anti-Atlas and Ouzellagh promontory (High Atlas), Morocco","docAbstract":"In the last two decades, great progress has been made in the geochronological, chrono- and chemostratigraphic control of the Neoproterozoic and Cambrian from the Anti-Atlas Ranges and the Ouzellagh promontory (High Atlas). As a result, the Neoproterozoic is lithostratigraphically subdivided into: (i) the Lkest-Taghdout Group (broadly interpreted at c. 800–690 Ma) representative of rift-to-passive margin conditions on the northern West African craton; (ii) the Iriri (c. 760–740 Ma), Bou Azzer (c. 762–697 Ma) and Saghro (c. 760?–610 Ma) groups, the overlying Anezi, Bou Salda, Dadès and Tiddiline formations localized in fault-grabens, and the Ouarzazate Supergroup (c. 615–548 Ma), which form a succession of volcanosedimentary complexes recording the onset of the Pan-African orogeny and its aftermath; and (iii) the Taroudant (the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary lying in the Tifnout Member of the Adoudou Formation), Tata, Feijas Internes and Tabanite groups that have recorded development of the late Ediacaran–Cambrian Atlas Rift. Recent discussions of Moroccan strata to select new global GSSPs by the International Subcommissions on Ediacaran and Cambrian Stratigraphy have raised the stratigraphic interest in this region. A revised and updated stratigraphic framework is proposed here to assist the tasks of both subcommissions and to fuel future discussions focused on different geological aspects of the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian time span.
","language":"English","publisher":"Permagon","publisherLocation":"Oxford, UK","doi":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.04.026","usgsCitation":"Alvaro, J.J., Benziane, F., Thomas, R., Walsh, G.J., and Yazidi, A., 2014, Neoproterozoic–Cambrian stratigraphic framework of the Anti-Atlas and Ouzellagh promontory (High Atlas), Morocco: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 98, p. 19-33, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.04.026.","productDescription":"15","startPage":"19","endPage":"33","ipdsId":"IP-054157","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332263,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Morocco","volume":"98","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5859000ae4b03639a6025e33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alvaro, Jose Javier","contributorId":177532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alvaro","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"Javier","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benziane, Fouad","contributorId":177533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benziane","given":"Fouad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Robert","contributorId":177535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yazidi, Abdelaziz","contributorId":35212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yazidi","given":"Abdelaziz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70147492,"text":"70147492 - 2014 - The effects of spilled oil on coastal ecosystems: Lessons from the Exxon Valdez spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T15:26:56.426156","indexId":"70147492","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"11","title":"The effects of spilled oil on coastal ecosystems: Lessons from the Exxon Valdez spill","docAbstract":"Oil spilled from ships or other sources into the marine environment often occurs in close proximity to coastlines, and oil frequently accumulates in coastal habitats. As a consequence, a rich, albeit occasionally controversial, body of literature describes a broad range of effects of spilled oil across several habitats, communities, and species in coastal environments. This statement is not to imply that spilled oil has less of an effect in pelagic marine ecosystems, but rather that marine spills occurring offshore may be less likely to be detected, and associated effects are more difficult to monitor, evaluate, and quantify (Peterson et al., 2012). As a result, we have a much greater awareness of coastal pollution, which speaks to our need to improve our capacities in understanding the ecology of the open oceans. Conservation of coastal ecosystems and assessment of risks associated with oil spills can be facilitated through a better understanding of processes leading to direct and indirect responses of species and systems to oil exposure.
It is also important to recognize that oil spilled from ships represents only ~9% of the nearly 700 000 barrels of petroleum that enter waters of North America annually from anthropogenic sources (NRC, 2003). The immediate effects of large spills can be defined as acute, due to the obvious and dramatic effects that are observed. In contrast, the remaining 625 000 barrels that are released each year can be thought of as chronic non-point pollution, resulting from oil entering the coastal ocean as runoff in a more consistent but much less conspicuous rate. In this chapter, we primarily address the effects of large oil spills that occur near coastlines and consider their potential for both acute and chronic effects on coastal communities. As described below, in some instances, the effects from chronic exposure may meet or exceed the more evident acute effects from large spills. Consequently, although quantifying chronic effects from low exposure rates can be challenging and time-consuming, the results of such efforts provide insights into the understudied effects of chronic non-point oil pollution.
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Low TP concentrations at the NT site were due to tile drain interception of groundwater flow where large volumes of tile drainage water diluted the FW-TP concentrations. Subsurface pathways contributed between 17% and 41% of the TP loss across sites. On a drainage event basis, total drainage explained between 36% and 72% of the event DRP loads across CP1, CP2, and GP; there was no relationship between event drainflow and event DRP load at the NT site. Manure applications did not consistently increase P concentrations in drainflow, but annual FW-P concentrations were greater in years receiving manure applications compared to years without manure application. Based on these field measures, P losses from tile drainage must be integrated into field level P budgets and P loss calculations on heavily manured soils, while also acknowledging the unique drainage patterns observed in eastern Wisconsin.
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