Land application of municipal wastewater biosolids is the most common method of biosolids management used in North Carolina and the United States. Biosolids have characteristics that may be beneficial to soil and plants. Land application can take advantage of these beneficial qualities, whereas disposal in landfills or incineration poses no beneficial use of the waste. Some independent studies and laboratory analysis, however, have shown that land-applied biosolids can pose a threat to human health and surface-water and groundwater quality. The effect of municipal biosolids applied to agriculture fields is largely unknown in relation to the delivery of nutrients, bacteria, metals, and contaminants of emerging concern to surface-water and groundwater resources. Therefore, the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR) collaborated with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) through the 319 Nonpoint Source Program to better understand the transport of nutrients and bacteria from biosolids application fields to groundwater and surface water and to provide a scientific basis for evaluating the effectiveness of the current regulations.
\nThe USGS conducted a paired agricultural watershed study in the Collins Creek and Cane Creek Reservoir watersheds in Orange County, North Carolina. Field activities were conducted from March 2011 through May 2013 at two field study sites, including biosolids field application sites owned by Orange County Water and Sewer Authority (OWASA) in the Collins Creek watershed and a background study site in the Cane Creek watershed that has no fields receiving biosolids applications. Samples of biosolids source material and soil were collected from the land-application fields for laboratory analyses. Soil samples were also collected from a background agricultural field in the Cane Creek watershed that has never received land-applied municipal biosolids. Shallow groundwater samples were collected quarterly from new monitoring wells installed by NCDENR along the edge of the biosolids land-application fields and a background agricultural field for laboratory analyses. Two surface-water monitoring sites were established on Collins Creek to compute continuous streamflow and collect discrete baseflow and stormwater runoff water-quality data upstream and downstream from the biosolids land-application fields. Surface water-quality samples were also collected for baseflow and stormwater runoff conditions at an existing USGS streamgage on Cane Creek to monitor water-quality conditions in the background study watershed. The study primarily focused on nutrients and bacteria; however, data for field properties and water-quality constituents, including metals, major ions, and contaminants of emerging concern (household-, industrial-, and agricultural-use compounds, pharmaceutical compounds, hormones, and antibiotics) also were collected and used in the analyses.
\nThere were no exceedances of the 10 elements with designated U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ceiling concentrations for land-applied biosolids in any of the biosolids samples. Treatment processes and storage techniques used by OWASA are effective in eliminating Escherichia coli and fecal coliform bacteria from biosolids. Copper, molybdenum, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and total phosphorus were elevated in the soil from biosolids land-application fields relative to the background field. The relative richness of these constituents in the biosolids land-application fields is consistent with biosolids being the source of the elevated concentrations given the relatively high concentrations of these constituents in the biosolids samples that were collected.
\nShallow groundwater in the transitional zone wells, which were located adjacent to and topographically downgradient from all the biosolids land-application fields, were found to be statistically different and had higher nitrate concentrations (medians greater than 12 milligrams per liter) than all the other wells sampled as part of the study. Surface-water nutrient concentrations and yields, primarily nitrate, were higher at the monitoring site on Collins Creek downstream from the biosolids land-application fields than the other study sites that drained watersheds without biosolids land application. The largest differences in concentrations between sites were measured at baseflow conditions, which indicate that the main cause of these differences, particularly between Cane Creek and the Collins Creek site downstream from the OWASA application fields, is related to nitrate contribution from the shallow groundwater.
\nContaminants of emerging concern were detected in approximately 40 percent of the laboratory analyses of the biosolids samples and more frequently in soil samples from the biosolids land-application fields (approximately 40 percent of laboratory analyses) relative to the soil samples from the background field (approximately 12 percent of laboratory analyses). However, contaminants of emerging concern detected in the laboratory analysis for this study do not appear to be good indicators of human-waste contaminants derived from land-applied biosolids in groundwater or surface-water because the number of detections and concentrations at the background wells and surface-water monitoring sites are similar to or higher than those at wells and monitoring sites adjacent to or downstream from the biosolids land-application fields.
\nThe data, analysis, and conclusions associated with this study can be used by regulatory agencies, resource managers, and wastewater-treatment operators to (1) better understand the quantity and characteristics of nutrients, bacteria, metals, and contaminants of emerging concern that are transported away from biosolids land-application fields to surface water and groundwater under current regulations for the purposes of establishing effective total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) and restoring impaired water resources, (2) assess how well existing regulations protect waters of the State and potentially recommend effective changes to regulations or land-application procedures, and (3) establish a framework for developing guidance on effective techniques for monitoring and regulatory enforcement of permitted biosolids land-application fields.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145240","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources 319 Nonpoint Source Program","usgsCitation":"Wagner, C., Fitzgerald, S.A., McSwain, K.B., Harden, S.L., Gurley, L., and Rogers, S.W., 2015, Effect of land-applied biosolids on surface-water nutrient yields and groundwater quality in Orange County, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5240, Report: x, 106 p.; Appendixes 1-4, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145240.","productDescription":"Report: x, 106 p.; Appendixes 1-4","numberOfPages":"120","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-058328","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145240.jpg"},{"id":298579,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5240/appendix","text":"Appendixes 1-4","description":"Appendixes 1-5"},{"id":298577,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5240/"},{"id":298578,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5240/pdf/sir2014-5240.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.87 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"projection":"U.S. Census Bureau Projection: North Carolina State Plane","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Orange County","otherGeospatial":"Cane Creek Reservoir watershed, Collins Creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.18087005615234,\n 35.94632704841525\n ],\n [\n -79.18953895568846,\n 35.93089971399348\n ],\n [\n -79.19992446899414,\n 35.92728566887712\n ],\n [\n -79.21073913574219,\n 35.93173370094518\n ],\n [\n -79.21932220458984,\n 35.94855056001542\n ],\n [\n -79.20730590820312,\n 35.98092335649322\n ],\n [\n -79.20867919921875,\n 36.00467348670187\n ],\n [\n -79.20421600341797,\n 36.02744467075585\n ],\n [\n -79.189453125,\n 36.03841136862611\n ],\n [\n -79.16061401367188,\n 36.03855017779992\n ],\n [\n -79.16009902954102,\n 35.97481105524676\n ],\n [\n -79.18087005615234,\n 35.94632704841525\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550a939de4b02e76d7590bb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Chad R. 0000-0002-9602-7413 cwagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9602-7413","contributorId":1530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Chad R.","email":"cwagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzgerald, Sharon A. safitzge@usgs.gov","contributorId":131155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"Sharon","email":"safitzge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McSwain, Kristen Bukowski kmcswain@usgs.gov","contributorId":1606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSwain","given":"Kristen","email":"kmcswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bukowski","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harden, Stephen L. 0000-0001-6886-0099 slharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-0099","contributorId":2212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Stephen","email":"slharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gurley, Laura N. 0000-0002-2881-1038","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2881-1038","contributorId":93834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurley","given":"Laura N.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rogers, Shane W.","contributorId":21017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"Shane","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70141850,"text":"sir20155026 - 2015 - Nutrient, suspended sediment, and trace element loads in the Blackstone River Basin in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 2007 to 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:33:56","indexId":"sir20155026","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-18T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5026","title":"Nutrient, suspended sediment, and trace element loads in the Blackstone River Basin in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 2007 to 2009","docAbstract":"Nutrients, suspended sediment, and trace element loads in the Blackstone River and selected tributaries were estimated from composite water-quality samples in order to better understand the distribution and sources of these constituents in the river basin. The flow-proportional composite water-quality samples were collected during sequential 2-week periods at six stations along the river’s main stem, at three stations on tributaries, and at four wastewater treatment plants in the Massachusetts segment of the basin from June 2007 to September 2009. Samples were collected at an additional station on the Blackstone River near the mouth in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, from September 2008 to September 2009. The flow-proportional composite samples were used to estimate average daily loads during the sampling periods; annual loads for water years 2008 and 2009 also were estimated for the monitoring station on the Blackstone River near the Massachusetts-Rhode Island border. The effects of hydrologic conditions and net attenuation of nitrogen were investigated for loads in the Massachusetts segment of the basin. Sediment resuspension and contaminant loading dynamics were evaluated in two Blackstone River impoundments, the former Rockdale Pond (a breached impoundment) and Rice City Pond.
\nTotal nitrogen and phosphorus loads along the Blackstone River in Massachusetts showed similar general patterns during the sampling periods monitored in this study. Total nitrogen loads were relatively low at the farthest upstream monitoring station in Millbury, Massachusetts (typically less than 430 kilograms per day (kg/d) for total nitrogen and 37 kg/d for total phosphorus). Loads typically increased (5- to 10-fold for nitrogen and 6- to 15-fold for phosphorus) downstream from the first, large wastewater treatment plant along the river, the Upper Blackstone Water Pollution Control Abatement District in Millbury. Further downstream, total nitrogen and phosphorus loads remained elevated but variable (typically about 1,000 to 3,000 kg/d for nitrogen and about 100 to 370 kg/d for phosphorus) from Millbury to the Massachusetts-Rhode Island border near Millville, Mass. Monitored tributaries of the Blackstone River and wastewater treatment plants other than the Upper Blackstone Water Pollution Control Abatement District rarely contributed more than a small fraction of the total nitrogen and phosphorus loads observed at the main stem monitoring stations. Loads of suspended sediment also were substantially larger along the river’s main stem than in tributaries during most sampling periods. Very large loads of suspended sediment from the West River tributary during several sampling periods may have been associated with flood-control operations.
\nThe estimated annual load of total nitrogen in the Blackstone River at Millville, about 1.3 miles upstream from the Massachusetts-Rhode Island border, was 936,000 kilograms (kg) (2,600 kg/d) in water year 2008 and 878,000 kg (2,400 kg/d) in water year 2009. The estimated annual load of total phosphorus at Millville was 81,400 kg in water year 2008 (223 kg/d) and 80,900 kg (222 kg/d) in water year 2009. The estimated annual load of suspended sediment in was 4,940,000 kg (13,600 kg/d) in water year 2008 and 7,040,000 kg (19,300 kg/d) in water year 2009. The higher load in water year 2009 likely reflects several large storms in summer 2009, which resulted in streamflows in the Blackstone River that were 10 times the typical July flows. Loads of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and trace elements were almost always lower in the Blackstone River at Millville than in the river near its mouth at the Pawtucket monitoring station, when loads were monitored at both stations in the latter part of water year 2008 and in water year 2009. Loads of suspended sediment at Millville and Pawtucket varied by about the same range, but were usually lower at Pawtucket than at Millville.
\nTotal nitrogen loads were higher during sampling periods when the base-flow contribution to streamflow was substantially less than the runoff contribution than in sampling periods when the base-flow dominated. During these sampling periods when the runoff component of streamflow was relatively large, loads of total nitrogen in wastewater discharge from Upper Blackstone Water Pollution Control Abatement District also were high but also constituted smaller fractions of the total nitrogen loads in the river. Nitrogen attenuation may have occurred during some sampling periods, based on net changes in total nitrogen load between consecutive monitoring stations, especially in the Blackstone River reach between the South Grafton and Uxbridge monitoring stations.
\nAnalysis of the representative constituents (total phosphorus, total chromium, and suspended sediment) upstream and downstream of impoundments indicated that the existing impoundments, such as Rice City Pond, can be sources of particulate contaminant loads in the Blackstone River. Loads of particulate phosphorus, particulate chromium, and suspended sediment were consistently higher downstream from Rice City Pond than upstream during high-flow events, and there was a positive, linear relation between streamflow and changes in these constituents from upstream to downstream of the impoundment. Thus, particulate contaminants were mobilized from Rice City Pond during high-flow events and transported downstream. In contrast, downstream loads of particulate phosphorus, particulate chromium, and suspended sediment were generally lower than or equal to upstream loads for the former Rockdale Pond impoundment. Sediments associated with the former impoundment at Rockdale Pond, breached in the late 1960s, did not appear to be mobilized during the high-flow events monitored during this study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, M.J., Waldron, M.C., and DeSimone, L., 2015, Nutrient, suspended sediment, and trace element loads in the Blackstone River Basin in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 2007 to 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5026, Report x, 112 p.; Appendix 1-5; Readme, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155026.","productDescription":"Report x, 112 p.; Appendix 1-5; Readme","numberOfPages":"126","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-06-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-013241","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298661,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155026.jpg"},{"id":298656,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5026/"},{"id":298657,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5026/pdf/sir2015-5026.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298658,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5026/attachments/sir2015-5026_app1-5.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1-5","size":"163 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 1-5","linkHelpText":"This is an electronic copy of Appendix 1-5. See Readme.txt file for more information."},{"id":298659,"rank":4,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5026/attachments/readme.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"projection":"Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, mainland zone","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Blackstone River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.75033569335938,\n 41.83785101947692\n ],\n [\n -71.34796142578124,\n 41.864447405239375\n ],\n [\n -71.3507080078125,\n 42.09312731992276\n ],\n [\n -71.52168273925781,\n 42.2341099541558\n ],\n [\n -71.69128417968749,\n 42.39202286040118\n ],\n [\n -71.96044921875,\n 42.36564700281194\n ],\n [\n -71.75033569335938,\n 41.83785101947692\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550a939ee4b02e76d7590bbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Marc J. mzimmerm@usgs.gov","contributorId":3245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Marc","email":"mzimmerm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waldron, Marcus C. mwaldron@usgs.gov","contributorId":1867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"Marcus","email":"mwaldron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeSimone, Leslie A. 0000-0003-0774-9607 ldesimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9607","contributorId":176711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"Leslie A.","email":"ldesimon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70137532,"text":"ofr20141217 - 2015 - Laboratory and field tests of the Sutron RLR-0003-1 water level sensor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-18T08:39:56","indexId":"ofr20141217","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-17T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1217","title":"Laboratory and field tests of the Sutron RLR-0003-1 water level sensor","docAbstract":"Three Sutron RLR-0003-1 water level sensors were tested in laboratory conditions to evaluate the accuracy of the sensor over the manufacturer’s specified operating temperature and distance-to-water ranges. The sensor was also tested for compliance to SDI-12 communication protocol and in field conditions at a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgaging site. Laboratory results were compared to the manufacturer’s accuracy specification for water level and to the USGS Office of Surface Water (OSW) policy requirement that water level sensors have a measurement uncertainty of no more than 0.01 foot or 0.20 percent of the indicated reading. Except for one sensor, the differences for the temperature testing were within 0.05 foot and the average measurements for the sensors were within the manufacturer’s accuracy specification. Two of the three sensors were within the manufacturer’s specified accuracy and met the USGS accuracy requirements for the laboratory distance to water testing. Three units passed a basic SDI-12 communication compliance test. Water level measurements made by the Sutron RLR-0003-1 during field testing agreed well with those made by the bubbler system and a Design Analysis Associates (DAA) H3613 radar, and they met the USGS accuracy requirements when compared to the wire-weight gage readings.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141217","usgsCitation":"Fulford, J.M., and Bryars, R.S., 2015, Laboratory and field tests of the Sutron RLR-0003-1 water level sensor: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1217, v, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141217.","productDescription":"v, 7 p.","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056889","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298649,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1217/"},{"id":298650,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1217/pdf/ofr2014-1217.pdf","text":"Report","size":"689 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2014-1217 Report"},{"id":298651,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141217.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5509421fe4b02e76d757d913","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulford, Janice M. jfulford@usgs.gov","contributorId":991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"Janice","email":"jfulford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bryars, R. Scott","contributorId":139697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bryars","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70142880,"text":"ofr20151046 - 2015 - Data categories for marine planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-17T14:23:20","indexId":"ofr20151046","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-17T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1046","title":"Data categories for marine planning","docAbstract":"The U.S. National Ocean Policy calls for a science- and ecosystem-based approach to comprehensive planning and management of human activities and their impacts on America’s oceans. The Ocean Community in Data.gov is an outcome of 2010–2011 work by an interagency working group charged with designing a national information management system to support ocean planning. Within the working group, a smaller team developed a list of the data categories specifically relevant to marine planning. This set of categories is an important consensus statement of the breadth of information types required for ocean planning from a national, multidisciplinary perspective. Although the categories were described in a working document in 2011, they have not yet been fully implemented explicitly in online services or geospatial metadata, in part because authoritative definitions were not created formally. This document describes the purpose of the data categories, provides definitions, and identifies relations among the categories and between the categories and external standards. It is intended to be used by ocean data providers, managers, and users in order to provide a transparent and consistent framework for organizing and describing complex information about marine ecosystems and their connections to humans.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151046","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Lightsom, F.L., Cicchetti, G., and Wahle, C.M., 2015, Data categories for marine planning: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1046, iii, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151046.","productDescription":"iii, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053310","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298639,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151046.jpg"},{"id":298638,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1046/pdf/ofr2015-1046.pdf","size":"2.09 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":298637,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1046/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5509421de4b02e76d757d90f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lightsom, Frances L. 0000-0003-4043-3639 flightsom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4043-3639","contributorId":1535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lightsom","given":"Frances","email":"flightsom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cicchetti, Giancarlo","contributorId":139652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cicchetti","given":"Giancarlo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wahle, Charles M.","contributorId":139653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wahle","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6637,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70139748,"text":"ds918 - 2015 - Sample descriptions and geophysical logs for cored well BP-3-USGS, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Alamosa County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-17T14:13:31","indexId":"ds918","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-17T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"918","title":"Sample descriptions and geophysical logs for cored well BP-3-USGS, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Alamosa County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The BP-3-USGS well was drilled at the southwestern corner of Great Sand Dunes National Park in the San Luis Valley, south-central Colorado, 68 feet (ft, 20.7 meters [m]) southwest of the National Park Service’s boundary-piezometer (BP) well 3. BP-3-USGS is located at latitude 37°43ʹ18.06ʺN. and longitude 105°43ʹ39.30ʺW., at an elevation of 7,549 ft (2,301 m). The well was drilled through poorly consolidated sediments to a depth of 326 ft (99.4 m) in September 2009. Water began flowing from the well after penetrating a clay-rich layer that was first intercepted at a depth of 119 ft (36.3 m). The base of this layer, at an elevation of 7,415 ft (2,260 m) above sea level, likely marks the top of a regional confined aquifer recognized throughout much of the San Luis Valley. Approximately 69 ft (21 m) of core was recovered (about 21 percent), almost exclusively from clay-rich zones. Coarser grained fractions were collected from mud extruded from the core barrel or captured from upwelling drilling fluids. Natural gamma-ray, full waveform sonic, density, neutron, resistivity, spontaneous potential, and induction logs were acquired. The well is now plugged and abandoned.
\nThis report presents lithologic descriptions from the well samples and core, along with a compilation and basic data processing of the geophysical logs. The succession of sediments in the well can be generalized into three lithologic packages: (1) mostly sand from the surface to about 77 ft (23.5 m) depth; (2) interbedded sand, silt, and clay, decreasing in overall grain size downward, from 77 to 232 ft (23.5 to 70.7 m) depth; and (3) layers of massive clay alternating with layers of fine sand to silt from 232 to 326 ft (70.7 to 99.4 m), the total depth of the well. The topmost clay layers of the deepest package have a blue tint, prompting a correlation with the “blue clay” of the San Luis Valley that is commonly considered as the top of the confined aquifer. However, a confining clay was intercepted 113 ft (34.4 m) higher than the blue clay in BP-3-USGS.
\nMost of the geophysical logs have good correspondence to the lithologic variations in the well. Exceptions are the gamma-ray log, which is likely affected by naturally occurring radiation from abundant volcanic detritus, and one interval within the deepest lithologic package, which appears to be abnormally electrically conductive. Resistivity logs and variations in sand versus clay content within the well are consistent with electrical resistivity models derived from time-domain electromagnetic geophysical surveys for the area. In particular, the topmost blue clay corresponds to a strong electrical conductor that is prominent in the electromagnetic geophysical data throughout the park and vicinity.
\nBP-3-USGS was sited to test hypotheses developed from geophysical studies and to answer questions about the history and evolution of Pliocene and Pleistocene Lake Alamosa, which is represented by lacustrine deposits sampled by the well. The findings reported here represent a basis from which future studies can answer these questions and address other important scientific questions in the San Luis Valley regarding geologic history and climate change, groundwater hydrology, and geophysical interpretation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds918","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V.J., Skipp, G.L., Thomas, J.V., Davis, J.K., and Benson, M.E., 2015, Sample descriptions and geophysical logs for cored well BP-3-USGS, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Alamosa County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 918, Report: vi, 53 p.; Log files; Photographs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds918.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 53 p.; Log files; Photographs","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059656","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds918.jpg"},{"id":298632,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0918/pdf/ds918.pdf","size":"3.10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":298633,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0918/downloads/LogFiles/","text":"Log files--data for borehole geophysical logs"},{"id":298634,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0918/downloads/PhotoFiles/","text":"Photographs of samples taken onsite"},{"id":298630,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0918/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Great Sand Dune National Park, Great Sand Dune National Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.754150390625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -106.754150390625,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -104.117431640625,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -104.117431640625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -106.754150390625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55094222e4b02e76d757d919","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V. 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S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skipp, Gary L. 0000-0002-9404-0980 gskipp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9404-0980","contributorId":2102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"Gary","email":"gskipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Jonathan V. 0000-0003-0903-9713 jvthomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-9713","contributorId":2194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Jonathan","email":"jvthomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Joshua K.","contributorId":138996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Benson, Mary Ellen 0000-0002-4424-0730 mbenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4424-0730","contributorId":4724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Mary","email":"mbenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ellen","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70142045,"text":"sir20155031 - 2015 - Dry season mean monthly flow and harmonic mean flow regression equations for selected ungaged basins in Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-15T09:03:43","indexId":"sir20155031","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-17T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5031","title":"Dry season mean monthly flow and harmonic mean flow regression equations for selected ungaged basins in Arkansas","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality, Southwestern Energy, the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission, and the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, developed regression equations for estimation of dry season mean monthly flows and harmonic mean flows that are representative of natural streamflow conditions at selected ungaged basins in Arkansas. Observed values of dry season mean monthly flow and harmonic mean flow computed from daily-mean flow data were used with basin characteristics to identify significant explanatory variables for multiple-linear-regression equations to estimate predicted values of dry season mean monthly flow and harmonic mean flow. Five dry season mean monthly flow regression equations and two harmonic mean flow regression equations were developed using dry season mean monthly flows and harmonic mean flows established for 91 and 93 U.S. Geological Survey continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations, respectively. The dry season in Arkansas is defined as the months of July through November for this study. For harmonic mean flow calculations and regression equations, the study area is composed of the Springfield-Salem Plateaus (Arkansas and Missouri), Boston Mountains, Arkansas Valley, Ouachita Mountains (Arkansas and Oklahoma), and West Gulf Coastal Plain (Arkansas) physiographic sections. All continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations used to compute dry season mean monthly flows were located within Arkansas.
\nEquations for two regions were found to be statistically significant for developing regression equations for estimating harmonic mean flows at ungaged basins; thus, equations are applicable only to streams in those respective regions in Arkansas. Regression equations for dry season mean monthly flows are applicable only to streams located throughout Arkansas. All regression equations are applicable only to unaltered streams where flows were not significantly affected by regulation, diversion, or urbanization. The median number of years used for dry season mean monthly flow calculation was 43, and the median number of years used for harmonic mean flow calculations was 34 for region 1 and 43 for region 2.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155031","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Breaker, B.K., 2015, Dry season mean monthly flow and harmonic mean flow regression equations for selected ungaged basins in Arkansas (Version 1: Originally posted March 17, 2015; Version 1.1: June 13, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5031, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155031.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062868","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305737,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298612,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5031/"},{"id":298613,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5031/pdf/sir2015-5031.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.41 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"USA Contiguous Albers Equal Area Conic USGS version","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.625244140625,\n 36.500805317604794\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 36.5184659896759\n ],\n [\n -90.010986328125,\n 36.359374956015856\n ],\n [\n -90.06591796875,\n 36.1822249804225\n ],\n [\n -90.28564453124999,\n 36.05798104702501\n ],\n [\n -89.637451171875,\n 36.03133177633187\n ],\n [\n -89.615478515625,\n 35.8356283888737\n ],\n [\n -91.07666015625,\n 32.99023555965106\n ],\n [\n -94.053955078125,\n 33.0178760185549\n ],\n [\n -94.06494140625,\n 33.486435450999885\n ],\n [\n -94.482421875,\n 33.55055114384406\n ],\n [\n -94.449462890625,\n 35.44277092585766\n ],\n [\n -94.625244140625,\n 36.500805317604794\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1: Originally posted March 17, 2015; Version 1.1: June 13, 2015","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5509421ee4b02e76d757d911","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breaker, Brian K. 0000-0002-1985-4992 bbreaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1985-4992","contributorId":4331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breaker","given":"Brian","email":"bbreaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70143793,"text":"70143793 - 2015 - Presence of amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) in rainwater suggests aerial dispersal is possible","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:33:31","indexId":"70143793","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-17T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":667,"text":"Aerobiologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Presence of amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) in rainwater suggests aerial dispersal is possible","docAbstract":"Abstract Global spread of the pathogenic amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) may involve dispersal mechanisms not previously explored. Weather systems accompanied by strong wind and rainfall have been known to assist the dispersal of microbes pathogenic to plants and animals, and we considered a similar phenomenon might occur with Bd. We investigated this concept by sampling rainwater from 20 precipitation events for the presence of Bd in Cusuco National Park, Honduras: a site where high Bd prevalence was previously detected in stream-associated amphibians. Quantitative PCR analysis confirmed the presence of Bd in rainwater in one (5 %) of the weather events sampled, although viability cannot be ascertained from molecular presence alone. The source of the Bd and distance that the contaminated rainwater traveled could not be determined; however, this collection site was located approximately 600 m from the nearest observed perennial river by straight-line aerial distance. Although our results suggest atmospheric Bd dispersal is uncommon and unpredictable, even occasional short-distance aerial transport could considerably expand the taxonomic diversity of amphibians vulnerable to exposure and at risk of decline, including terrestrial and arboreal species that are not associated with permanent water bodies.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Aerobiology","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/s10453-015-9374-6","usgsCitation":"Kolby, J.E., Ramirez, S.D., Berger, L., Griffin, D.W., Jocque, M., and Lee F. Skerratt, 2015, Presence of amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) in rainwater suggests aerial dispersal is possible: Aerobiologia, v. 31, no. 3, p. 411-419, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-015-9374-6.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"411","endPage":"419","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045408","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5511395be4b02e76d75b50f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolby, Jonathan E.","contributorId":139790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolby","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12910,"text":"James Cook University, AUS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramirez, Sara D.","contributorId":139794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramirez","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12911,"text":"Operation Wallacea, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berger, Lee","contributorId":139791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berger","given":"Lee","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12910,"text":"James Cook University, AUS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jocque, Merlijn","contributorId":139793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jocque","given":"Merlijn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12910,"text":"James Cook University, AUS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee F. Skerratt","contributorId":139792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee F. Skerratt","affiliations":[{"id":12910,"text":"James Cook University, AUS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70142977,"text":"sir20155009 - 2015 - An assessment of two methods for identifying undocumented levees using remotely sensed data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-17T10:32:39","indexId":"sir20155009","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-17T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5009","title":"An assessment of two methods for identifying undocumented levees using remotely sensed data","docAbstract":"Many undocumented and commonly unmaintained levees exist in the landscape complicating flood forecasting, risk management, and emergency response. This report describes a pilot study completed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to assess two methods to identify undocumented levees by using remotely sensed, high-resolution topographic data. For the first method, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers examined hillshades computed from a digital elevation model that was derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) to visually identify potential levees and then used detailed site visits to assess the validity of the identifications. For the second method, the U.S. Geological Survey applied a wavelet transform to a lidar-derived digital elevation model to identify potential levees. The hillshade method was applied to Delano, Minnesota, and the wavelet-transform method was applied to Delano and Springfield, Minnesota. Both methods were successful in identifying levees but also identified other features that required interpretation to differentiate from levees such as constructed barriers, high banks, and bluffs. Both methods are complementary to each other, and a potential conjunctive method for testing in the future includes (1) use of the wavelet-transform method to rapidly identify slope-break features in high-resolution topographic data, (2) further examination of topographic data using hillshades and aerial photographs to classify features and map potential levees, and (3) a verification check of each identified potential levee with local officials and field visits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155009","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Czuba, C.R., Williams, B.K., Westman, J., and LeClaire, K., 2015, An assessment of two methods for identifying undocumented levees using remotely sensed data: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5009, vii, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155009.","productDescription":"vii, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046266","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298608,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155009.jpg"},{"id":298556,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5009/"},{"id":298607,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5009/pdf/sir2015-5009.pdf","size":"6.04 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Delano, Springfield","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood River, South Fork Crow River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.83766174316406,\n 45.00437940337335\n ],\n [\n -93.83766174316406,\n 45.06782265048428\n ],\n [\n -93.75646591186523,\n 45.06782265048428\n ],\n [\n -93.75646591186523,\n 45.00437940337335\n ],\n [\n -93.83766174316406,\n 45.00437940337335\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.01251220703125,\n 44.2075577272807\n ],\n [\n -95.01251220703125,\n 44.25460557622782\n ],\n [\n -94.94685173034668,\n 44.25460557622782\n ],\n [\n -94.94685173034668,\n 44.2075577272807\n ],\n [\n -95.01251220703125,\n 44.2075577272807\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55094218e4b02e76d757d90b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czuba, Christiana R. cczuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":4555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Christiana","email":"cczuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Byron K. 0000-0001-7644-1396","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7644-1396","contributorId":86616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Byron","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Westman, Jack","contributorId":139665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westman","given":"Jack","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LeClaire, Keith","contributorId":139664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LeClaire","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70139378,"text":"ofr20151018 - 2015 - Land-cover change in the Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks Landscape Conservation Cooperative, 1973 to 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-17T09:30:25","indexId":"ofr20151018","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-17T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1018","title":"Land-cover change in the Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks Landscape Conservation Cooperative, 1973 to 2000","docAbstract":"This report summarizes baseline land-cover change information for four time intervals from between 1973 and 2000 for the Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks Landscape Conservation Cooperative (LCC). The study used sample data from the USGS Land Cover Trends dataset to develop estimates of change for 10 land-cover classes in the LCC. The results show that an estimated 17.7 percent of the LCC land cover had a change during the 27-year period. Cyclic forest dynamics—of timber harvest and regrowth—are the most extensive types of land conversion. Agricultural land had an estimated net decline of 3.5 percent as cropland and pasture were urbanized and developed and converted to forest use. Urban and other developed land covers expanded from 2.0 percent of the LCC in 1973 to 3.1 percent in 2000. The report also highlights causes and challenges of land-cover change.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151018","usgsCitation":"Drummond, M.A., Stier, M.P., and Coffin, A.W., 2015, Land-cover change in the Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks Landscape Conservation Cooperative, 1973 to 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1018, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151018.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1973-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-030944","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151018.jpg"},{"id":298591,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1018/"},{"id":298602,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1018/pdf/ofr2015-1018.pdf","size":"7.04 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coastal Plains, Ozarks","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.20703125,\n 29.113775395114416\n ],\n [\n -97.20703125,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -83.0126953125,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -83.0126953125,\n 29.113775395114416\n ],\n [\n -97.20703125,\n 29.113775395114416\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55094220e4b02e76d757d915","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drummond, Mark A. 0000-0001-7420-3503 madrummond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7420-3503","contributorId":3053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drummond","given":"Mark","email":"madrummond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stier, Michael P. 0000-0002-8518-9855 mpstier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8518-9855","contributorId":3121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stier","given":"Michael","email":"mpstier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coffin, Alisa W. coffina@usgs.gov","contributorId":1349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffin","given":"Alisa","email":"coffina@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70141914,"text":"ofr20151035 - 2015 - Monitoring avian productivity and survivorship (MAPS) 5-year summary, Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, southwestern San Diego County, California, 2009-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-17T09:41:05","indexId":"ofr20151035","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-17T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1035","title":"Monitoring avian productivity and survivorship (MAPS) 5-year summary, Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, southwestern San Diego County, California, 2009-13","docAbstract":"During 2009–13, a Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) banding station was operated at the Naval Outlying Landing Field (NOLF), Imperial Beach, in southwestern San Diego County, California. The station was established as part of a long-term monitoring program of Neotropical migratory bird populations on NOLF and helps Naval Base Coronado (NOLF is a component) meet the goals and objectives of Department of Defense Partners in Flight program and the Birds and Migratory Birds Management Strategies of the Naval Base Coronado Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan. During 2009–13, captures averaged 644 ±155 per year. Fifty-seven species were captured, of which 44 are Neotropical migratory species and 33 breed at the MAPS station. Twenty-two sensitive species were detected, including Least Bell’s Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus), Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii), Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens) and Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia). Local population trends varied among species and years, as did annual productivity (number of young per adult). We found no significant relationship between productivity and the observed population size in the subsequent year for any species, nor did we find an association between productivity and precipitation for the current bio-year. Similarly, survivorship varied across species and years, and there was no obvious relationship between adult survivorship and observed population size for any species except Wrentit (Chamaea fasciata), for which the relationship was positive. Adult survivorship was unrelated to precipitation at the MAPS station. Additional years of data will be required to generate sample sizes adequate for more rigorous analyses of survivorship and productivity as predictors of population growth.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151035","collaboration":"Prepared for Commander, Navy Region Southwest","usgsCitation":"Lynn, S., Madden, M.C., Houston, A., and Kus, B., 2015, Monitoring avian productivity and survivorship (MAPS) 5-year summary, Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, southwestern San Diego County, California, 2009-13: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1035, iv, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151035.","productDescription":"iv, 58 p.","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-060385","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151035.jpg"},{"id":298590,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1035/"},{"id":298604,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1035/pdf/ofr2015-1035.pdf","size":"2.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego County","otherGeospatial":"Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.13305473327635,\n 32.57274731855856\n ],\n [\n -117.13309764862059,\n 32.56659903602909\n ],\n [\n -117.1277332305908,\n 32.566309694703826\n ],\n [\n -117.12713241577147,\n 32.557267308042874\n ],\n [\n -117.12292671203613,\n 32.55383096217773\n ],\n [\n -117.08765029907225,\n 32.553324542189436\n ],\n [\n -117.08850860595703,\n 32.56923923251008\n ],\n [\n -117.12301254272461,\n 32.56945623150453\n ],\n [\n -117.13305473327635,\n 32.57274731855856\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55094221e4b02e76d757d917","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lynn, Suellen 0000-0003-1543-0209 suellen_lynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1543-0209","contributorId":3843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynn","given":"Suellen","email":"suellen_lynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madden, Melanie C. 0000-0003-4147-7254 mmadden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4147-7254","contributorId":139459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madden","given":"Melanie","email":"mmadden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Houston, Alexandra 0000-0002-8599-8265 ahouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8599-8265","contributorId":139460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Alexandra","email":"ahouston@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kus, Barbara E. 0000-0002-3679-3044 barbara_kus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3679-3044","contributorId":3026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"Barbara E.","email":"barbara_kus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70138692,"text":"fs20153007 - 2015 - Broad-scale assessments of ecological landscapes: developing methods and applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-18T08:41:44","indexId":"fs20153007","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-17T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3007","title":"Broad-scale assessments of ecological landscapes: developing methods and applications","docAbstract":"The U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is developing a Landscape Approach for managing multiple uses of public lands by incorporating multiscale information to quantify the effects of natural and human influences on natural resource conditions and trends. A primary goal of the approach is to identify opportunities for resource conservation, restoration, and development. The BLM Landscape Approach is developing assessment methods that promote consistency in management decisions, identify ecological characteristics that promote ecosystem resilience under rapidly changing environmental conditions, and foster collaboration among land management agencies. The BLM Landscape Approach is closely aligned with the DOI’s “A Strategy for Improving the Mitigation Policies and Practices of The Department of the Interior.”
\nA major component of the BLM Landscape Approach is the Rapid Ecoregional Assessment (REA) program. REAs identify important ecosystems and wildlife habitats at broad spatial scales and determine where these resources are at risk from environmental stressors that can affect the integrity of ecological systems. Building on the lessons learned from completed or current REAs, the BLM, in partnership with the U.S. Geological Survey, will perform systematic comparisons of REA methods to identify the most promising suite of landscape-level analysis tools. In addition, the BLM and USGS will develop practical applications that demonstrate how to incorporate assessment information to address existing management issues, such as cumulative effects of proposed management actions. The outcome of these efforts will be a set of comprehensive technical guidance documents for conducting and applying broad-scale assessments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153007","usgsCitation":"Carr, N.B., Wood, D.J., Bowen, Z.H., and Haby, T.S., 2015, Broad-scale assessments of ecological landscapes: developing methods and applications: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3007, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153007.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058565","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298601,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20153007.jpg"},{"id":298596,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3007/"},{"id":298600,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3007/pdf/fs2015-3007.pdf","size":"2.21 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5509421ce4b02e76d757d90d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, Natasha B. 0000-0002-4842-0632 carrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4842-0632","contributorId":1918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Natasha","email":"carrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, David J. A.","contributorId":60257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J. A.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haby, Travis S. 0000-0003-2204-9967","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2204-9967","contributorId":138831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haby","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159969,"text":"70159969 - 2015 - A global database of lake surface temperatures collected by in situ and satellite methods from 1985–2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:53:37","indexId":"70159969","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-17T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3907,"text":"Scientific Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"A global database of lake surface temperatures collected by in situ and satellite methods from 1985–2009","title":"A global database of lake surface temperatures collected by in situ and satellite methods from 1985–2009","docAbstract":"Global environmental change has influenced lake surface temperatures, a key driver of ecosystem structure and function. Recent studies have suggested significant warming of water temperatures in individual lakes across many different regions around the world. However, the spatial and temporal coherence associated with the magnitude of these trends remains unclear. Thus, a global data set of water temperature is required to understand and synthesize global, long-term trends in surface water temperatures of inland bodies of water. We assembled a database of summer lake surface temperatures for 291 lakes collected in situ and/or by satellites for the period 1985–2009. In addition, corresponding climatic drivers (air temperatures, solar radiation, and cloud cover) and geomorphometric characteristics (latitude, longitude, elevation, lake surface area, maximum depth, mean depth, and volume) that influence lake surface temperatures were compiled for each lake. This unique dataset offers an invaluable baseline perspective on global-scale lake thermal conditions as environmental change continues.
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Schindler","affiliations":[{"id":17978,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":61},{"text":"Geoffrey Schladow","contributorId":150305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geoffrey Schladow","affiliations":[{"id":17979,"text":"UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center, Incline Village, Nevada, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":62},{"text":"Schmidt, Silke R.","contributorId":150306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Silke","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17980,"text":"Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":63},{"text":"Schultz, Tracey","contributorId":150307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"Tracey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17981,"text":"Sydney Catchment Authority, Penrith, NSW, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":64},{"text":"Silow, Eugene A. 0000-0002-7039-3220","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7039-3220","contributorId":150308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silow","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17982,"text":"Scientific Research Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":65},{"text":"Straile, Dietmar","contributorId":150309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Straile","given":"Dietmar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17983,"text":"Department of Biology, Universitat Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":66},{"text":"Teubner, Katrin","contributorId":150310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teubner","given":"Katrin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17984,"text":"Department of Limnology and Biological Oceanography, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":67},{"text":"Verburg, Piet","contributorId":150311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verburg","given":"Piet","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17985,"text":"National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":68},{"text":"Voutilainen, Ari","contributorId":150312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Voutilainen","given":"Ari","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17986,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":69},{"text":"Watkinson, Andrew","contributorId":150313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watkinson","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17987,"text":"Seqwater, Ipswich, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":70},{"text":"Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.","contributorId":150314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weyhenmeyer","given":"Gesa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17988,"text":"Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":71},{"text":"Craig E. Williamson","contributorId":146156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craig E. Williamson","affiliations":[{"id":16608,"text":"Miami University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":72},{"text":"Woo, Kara H.","contributorId":150315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woo","given":"Kara","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":17989,"text":"Center for Environmental Research, Education and Outreach, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":73}]}} ,{"id":70159279,"text":"70159279 - 2015 - Priority pollutants and associated constituents in untreated and treated discharges from coal mining or processing facilities in Pennsylvania, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-16T13:28:34","indexId":"70159279","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Priority pollutants and associated constituents in untreated and treated discharges from coal mining or processing facilities in Pennsylvania, USA","docAbstract":"Clean sampling and analysis procedures were used to quantify more than 70 inorganic constituents, including 35 potentially toxic or hazardous constituents, organic carbon, and other characteristics of untreated (influent) and treated (effluent) coal-mine discharges (CMD) at 38 permitted coal-mining or coal-processing facilities in the bituminous coalfield and 4 facilities in the anthracite coalfield of Pennsylvania. Of the 42 facilities sampled during 2011, 26 were surface mines, 11 were underground mines, and 5 were coal refuse disposal operations. Treatment of CMD with caustic soda (NaOH), lime (CaO or Ca(OH)2), flocculent, or limestone was ongoing at 21%, 40%, 6%, and 4% of the facilities, respectively; no chemicals were added at the remaining facilities. All facilities with CMD treatment incorporated structures for active or passive aeration and settling of metal-rich precipitate.
\nThe untreated influent samples had wide ranges of pH (2.8–7.6), hot acidity (−600 to 8000 mg/L as CaCO3), specific conductance (SC; 253–13,000 μS/cm), total dissolved solids (TDS; 168–18,100 mg/L), and associated dissolved (<0.45-μm pore-size filter) constituents, including SO4 (14.7–10,700 mg/L), Fe (<0.01 to 4100 mg/L), Mn (0.02–136 mg/L), Al (<0.01 to 128 mg/L), and Zn (<0.003 to 18.8 mg/L). Concentrations of Ag (<1 μg/L), Hg (<1 μg/L), Sn (<0.5 μg/L), and CN (<0.01 mg/L) were below detection limits. Only one influent sample met permitted mine effluent (PME) limits plus dissolved-constituent criteria maximum concentration (CMC) thresholds for the protection of freshwater aquatic organisms.
\nThe pH of the treated effluent samples ranged from 5.5 to 11.9 and was greater than or equal to the pH of the corresponding influent at all sites. All the effluent samples met CMC levels for dissolved concentrations of Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Cl, Cr, Pb, Ni, Sb, Se, Tl, V, NH3, NO2, NO3, and CN; however, nine violated one or more of the PME limits for pH (<6,n = 1), net acidity (>0, n = 3), Fe (>7 mg/L, n = 1), or Mn (>5 mg/L, n = 8), plus one or more exceeded CMC levels for Al (>0.75 mg/L, n = 2), Co (>95 μg/L, n = 5), Zn (>307 μg/L,n = 1), Cu (>7.4 μg/L, n = 1), or Se (>12.8 μg/L, n = 3). Although CMC exceedances for Co and Zn were attributed to samples also violating the PME limit for pH or Mn, the samples that exceeded the CMC for Al, Cu, or Se met applicable PME limits for pH, Fe, and Mn. Furthermore, many of the pH-compliant effluents did not meet reference criteria for SO4 and related measures of ionic strength, including TDS, SC, and osmotic pressure.
\nThe Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-ranks statistic was used to test if the overall difference between the effluent and influent pairs was equal to zero. Constituents that statistically were the same for effluent and influent (p > 0.05) included flow rate, SC, osmotic pressure, hardness, alkalinity, total organic carbon (TOC), K, Cl, NO3, PO4, Sb, Sr, Br, Se, Mo, and V. Although temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, Ca, and Na were greater in the effluent than the influent, most constituents decreased as a result of treatment, including TDS, acidity, SO4, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, F, Pb, Ni, NH3, Tl, Ti, U, Zn, Zr, total phenols, total inorganic carbon (TIC), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Nevertheless, some constituents that decreased, such as SO4, still did not meet reference criteria.
\nFindings from this study suggest that typical chemical or aerobic treatment of CMD to pH > 6 with removal of Fe to <7 mg/L and Mn to <5 mg/L may provide a reasonable measure of protection for aquatic life from priority pollutant metals and other toxic or hazardous constituents in effluent but may not be effective for achieving permissible or background levels for TDS, SC, osmotic pressure, or concentrations of SO4 and some other pollutants, including Se, Br, and Cl, if present.
","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England; New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.03.001","collaboration":"Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, I., and Brady, K.B., 2015, Priority pollutants and associated constituents in untreated and treated discharges from coal mining or processing facilities in Pennsylvania, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 62, p. 108-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.03.001.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"130","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043932","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311378,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Bituminous and Anthracite Coalfields","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.452880859375,\n 41.51680395810115\n ],\n [\n -77.969970703125,\n 41.48389104267175\n ],\n [\n -78.2666015625,\n 40.79717741518766\n ],\n [\n -78.77197265625,\n 40.069664523297774\n ],\n [\n -79.07958984375,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 39.74943369178247\n ],\n [\n -80.5517578125,\n 41.50034959128928\n ],\n [\n -80.452880859375,\n 41.51680395810115\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.662353515625,\n 41.590796851056005\n ],\n [\n -77.640380859375,\n 41.15384235711447\n ],\n [\n -76.88232421875,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -77.025146484375,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -77.618408203125,\n 41.63186741069748\n ],\n [\n -77.662353515625,\n 41.590796851056005\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.57470703125,\n 40.805493843894155\n ],\n [\n -76.585693359375,\n 40.455307212131494\n ],\n [\n -75.904541015625,\n 40.48038142908172\n ],\n [\n -75.9814453125,\n 40.9218144123785\n ],\n [\n -76.56372070312499,\n 40.9218144123785\n ],\n [\n -76.57470703125,\n 40.805493843894155\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564b0c57e4b0ebfbef0d317b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, III cravotta@usgs.gov","contributorId":149319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"III","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brady, Keith B.C.","contributorId":149321,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brady","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.C.","affiliations":[{"id":17703,"text":"Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70155816,"text":"70155816 - 2015 - Chromosomal damage and EROD induction in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) along the Upper Mississippi River, Minnesota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-15T15:53:44.996779","indexId":"70155816","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Chromosomal damage and EROD induction in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) along the Upper Mississippi River, Minnesota, USA","title":"Chromosomal damage and EROD induction in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) along the Upper Mississippi River, Minnesota, USA","docAbstract":"The health of tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor, on the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) was assessed in 2010 and 2011 using biomarkers at six sites downriver of Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN metropolitan area, a tributary into the UMR, and a nearby lake. Chromosomal damage was evaluated in nestling blood by measuring the coefficient of variation of DNA content (DNA CV) using flow cytometry. Cytochrome P450 1A activity in nestling liver was measured using the ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) assay, and oxidative stress was estimated in nestling livers via determination of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), the ratio GSSG/GSH, total sulfhydryl, and protein bound sulfhydryl (PBSH). A multilevel regression model (DNA CV) and simple regressions (EROD and oxidative stress) were used to evaluate biomarker responses for each location. Chromosomal damage was significantly elevated at two sites on the UMR (Pigs Eye and Pool 2) relative to the Green Mountain Lake reference site, while the induction of EROD activity was only observed at Pigs Eye. No measures of oxidative stress differed among sites. Multivariate analysis confirmed an increased DNA CV at Pigs Eye and Pool 2, and elevated EROD activity at Pigs Eye. These results suggest that the health of tree swallows has been altered at the DNA level at Pigs Eye and Pool 2 sites, and at the physiological level at Pigs Eye site only.
Pacific lampreys (Entosphenus tridentatus) have resided in the Columbia River Basin for millennia and have great ecological and cultural importance. The role of habitat contamination in the recent decline of the species has rarely been studied and was the main objective of this effort. A wide range of contaminants (115 analytes) was measured in sediments and tissues at 27 sites across a large geographic area of diverse land use. This is the largest dataset of contaminants in habitats and tissues of Pacific lamprey in North America and the first study to compare contaminant bioburden during the larval life stage and the anadromous, adult portion of the life cycle. Bioaccumulation of pesticides, flame retardants, and mercury was observed at many sites. Based on available data, contaminants are accumulating in larval Pacific lamprey at levels that are likely detrimental to organism health and may be contributing to the decline of the species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.003","usgsCitation":"Nilsen, E.B., Hapke, W., McIlraith, B., and Markovchick, D.J., 2015, Reconnaissance of contaminants in larval Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) tissues and habitats in the Columbia River Basin, Oregon and Washington, USA: Environmental Pollution, v. 201, p. 121-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.003.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056929","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.442138671875,\n 43.51668853502909\n ],\n [\n -124.442138671875,\n 47.73932336136857\n ],\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 47.73932336136857\n ],\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 43.51668853502909\n ],\n [\n -124.442138671875,\n 43.51668853502909\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"201","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55167f36e4b0323842781b10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nilsen, Elena B. 0000-0002-0104-6321 enilsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-6321","contributorId":923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"Elena","email":"enilsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hapke, Whitney B. whapke@usgs.gov","contributorId":139936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Whitney B.","email":"whapke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIlraith, Brian","contributorId":139919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIlraith","given":"Brian","affiliations":[{"id":13314,"text":"Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Markovchick, Dennis J. markovch@usgs.gov","contributorId":5960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markovchick","given":"Dennis","email":"markovch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70140158,"text":"ofr20151016 - 2015 - Bibliography for acid-rock drainage and selected acid-mine drainage issues related to acid-rock drainage from transportation activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-16T15:22:13","indexId":"ofr20151016","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-16T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1016","title":"Bibliography for acid-rock drainage and selected acid-mine drainage issues related to acid-rock drainage from transportation activities","docAbstract":"Acid-rock drainage occurs through the interaction of rainfall on pyrite-bearing formations. When pyrite (FeS2) is exposed to oxygen and water in mine workings or roadcuts, the mineral decomposes and sulfur may react to form sulfuric acid, which often results in environmental problems and potential damage to the transportation infrastructure. The accelerated oxidation of pyrite and other sulfidic minerals generates low pH water with potentially high concentrations of trace metals. Much attention has been given to contamination arising from acid mine drainage, but studies related to acid-rock drainage from road construction are relatively limited. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Tennessee Department of Transportation, is conducting an investigation to evaluate the occurrence and processes controlling acid-rock drainage and contaminant transport from roadcuts in Tennessee. The basic components of acid-rock drainage resulting from transportation activities are described and a bibliography, organized by relevant categories (remediation, geochemical, microbial, biological impact, and secondary mineralization) is presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151016","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tennessee Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Bradley, M., and Worland, S.C., 2015, Bibliography for acid-rock drainage and selected acid-mine drainage issues related to acid-rock drainage from transportation activities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1016, iii, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151016.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058759","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298585,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151016.jpg"},{"id":298583,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1016/"},{"id":298584,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1016/pdf/ofr2015-1016.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.05541992187499,\n 36.66841891894786\n ],\n [\n -88.05541992187499,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -88.35205078124999,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -88.428955078125,\n 34.96699890670367\n ],\n [\n -83.73779296875,\n 35.0120020431607\n ],\n [\n -81.309814453125,\n 36.20882309283712\n ],\n [\n -81.2548828125,\n 36.5978891330702\n ],\n [\n -88.05541992187499,\n 36.66841891894786\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5507f098e4b02e76d757c122","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Mike 0000-0002-2979-265X mbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-265X","contributorId":582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Mike","email":"mbradley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Worland, Scott C. 0000-0001-6384-2457 scworland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6384-2457","contributorId":5802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worland","given":"Scott","email":"scworland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70099132,"text":"sir20135176 - 2015 - Development, evolution, and destruction of the saline mineral area of Eocene Lake Uinta, Piceance Basin, western Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-16T14:05:53","indexId":"sir20135176","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-16T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5176","title":"Development, evolution, and destruction of the saline mineral area of Eocene Lake Uinta, Piceance Basin, western Colorado","docAbstract":"Halite and the sodium bicarbonate mineral nahcolite were deposited in Eocene-age saline Lake Uinta in the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado. Variations in the areal extent of saline mineral deposition through time were studied using descriptions of core and outcrop. Saline minerals have been extensively leached by groundwater, and the original extent of saline deposition was determined from the distribution of empty vugs and collapse breccias. Because vugs and breccias strongly influence groundwater movement, determining where leaching has occurred is an important consideration for in-situ oil shale extraction methods currently being developed.
\nLake Uinta formed when two much smaller freshwater lakes, one in the Uinta Basin and the other in the Piceance Basin, expanded and coalesced across the Douglas Creek arch. Early Lake Uinta inherited much of the topography in the freshwater lake and surrounding alluvial plains that preceded it, and the deep central lake area of Lake Uinta developed largely over the offshore area of the freshwater lake. A prolonged period of infilling followed the formation of Lake Uinta, creating broad lake-margin shelves prior to the onset of saline mineral deposition. These shelves almost certainly played a critical role in the evolution of the brine layer that accumulated in the deep central lake area. Broad marginal shelves formed as well around the Uinta Basin part of Lake Uinta. Brines that formed on those shelves also probably migrated to the deep central lake area in the Piceance Basin, as no saline minerals were deposited in the Uinta Basin until late in the history of Lake Uinta.
\nOil shale in the deep central lake consists of interbedded laminate oil shale beds that originated within the deep lake area, and blebby and streaked oil shale beds that were transported into the deep lake area by sediment gravity flows. Blebby and streaked oil shale beds contain carbonate clasts and siliciclastic clasts similar to lithologies found on the marginal shelves. It is possible that these clasts and the highly saline brines that evolved on the marginal shelves were incorporated into the same gravity flows.
\nSaline mineral deposition is informally subdivided into early, middle, and late phases. During the early phase, nahcolite and rich oil shale were deposited in the deep central lake area, and carbonate-rich sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone and ostracodal, oolitic, algal limestone were deposited on the marginal shelves. During the middle saline mineral phase, oil shale deposition gradually expanded across the marginal shelves, and by the end of that phase, oil shale deposition covered almost all of the former shelf areas. An increasing flow of water from Lake Gosiute to the north, as it was gradually filled in by volcaniclastics, may have caused this expansion. Saline mineral deposition also expanded during the middle saline mineral phase, reaching to near the former shelf break by the end of that phase. This suggests that the former shelf break remained a topographic feature that confined the deep saline brine layer throughout the middle phase.
\nBy the beginning of the late saline mineral phase, Lake Gosiute had been completely filled in and volcaniclastic debris reached the northern shore of Lake Uinta. This initiated a north-to-south infilling of the Piceance Basin part of Lake Uinta that progressively pushed the saline mineral area southward and ultimately onto the former marginal shelf areas in the southern part of the basin. A saline mineral area formed for the first time in the eastern part of the Uinta Basin during this infilling and, for a time, saline minerals were deposited in both basins. By the end of the late saline phase, the Piceance Basin part of Lake Uinta was filled in and saline mineral deposition shifted entirely into the Uinta Basin.
\nLeaching of saline minerals began sometime after the Green River Formation was lithified enough to allow collapse breccias to form. Leaching is ongoing today, indicated by the discharge of highly saline water from a series of springs in the northern part of the basin. Groundwater invasion and saline mineral dissolution is commonly incomplete in areas that lack fractures, leaving behind pockets of unleached saline minerals in otherwise leached intervals. Today, the base of the leached zone slopes toward the north and toward the area where the brines are being discharged.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135176","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.C., and Brownfield, M.E., 2015, Development, evolution, and destruction of the saline mineral area of Eocene Lake Uinta, Piceance Basin, western Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5176, Report: vii, 76 p.; 2 Plates: 62.38 x 42.40 inches and 95.69 x 59.99 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135176.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 76 p.; 2 Plates: 62.38 x 42.40 inches and 95.69 x 59.99 inches","numberOfPages":"87","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044487","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298576,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135176.jpg"},{"id":298573,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5176/pdf/sir2013-5176.pdf","text":"Report","size":"32.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2013-5176 Report"},{"id":298572,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5176/"},{"id":298574,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5176/downloads/plate_01.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"53.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2013-5176 Plate 1"},{"id":298575,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5176/downloads/plate_02.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"4.70 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2013-5176 Plate 2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Eocene Lake Uinta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.56640625,\n 43.43696596521823\n ],\n [\n -111.46728515624999,\n 40.51379915504413\n ],\n [\n -111.51123046875,\n 38.151837403006766\n ],\n [\n -106.36962890624999,\n 38.16911413556086\n ],\n [\n -106.36962890624999,\n 42.45588764197166\n ],\n [\n -110.56640625,\n 43.43696596521823\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5507f09de4b02e76d757c124","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Ronald C. 0000-0002-6197-5165 rcjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":1550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ronald","email":"rcjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brownfield, Michael E. 0000-0003-3633-1138 mbrownfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-1138","contributorId":1548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Michael","email":"mbrownfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70142164,"text":"ofr20141224 - 2015 - Sea-floor morphology and sedimentary environments in western Block Island Sound, offshore of Fishers Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-18T08:42:24","indexId":"ofr20141224","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-16T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1224","title":"Sea-floor morphology and sedimentary environments in western Block Island Sound, offshore of Fishers Island, New York","docAbstract":"Multibeam-bathymetric and sidescan-sonar data, collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in a 114-square-kilometer area of Block Island Sound, southeast of Fishers Island, New York, are combined with sediment samples and bottom photography collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from 36 stations in this area in order to interpret sea-floor features and sedimentary environments. These interpretations and datasets provide base maps for studies on benthic ecology and resource management. The geologic features and sedimentary environments on the sea floor are products of the area’s glacial history and modern processes. These features include bedrock, drumlins, boulders, cobbles, large current-scoured bathymetric depressions, obstacle marks, and glaciolacustrine sediments found in high-energy sedimentary environments of erosion or nondeposition; and sand waves and megaripples in sedimentary environments characterized by coarse-grained bedload transport. Trawl marks are preserved in lower energy environments of sorting and reworking. This report releases the multibeam-bathymetric, sidescan-sonar, sediment, and photographic data and interpretations of the features and sedimentary environments in Block Island Sound, offshore Fishers Island.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141224","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"McMullen, K.Y., Poppe, L.J., Danforth, W.W., Blackwood, D.S., Winner, W.G., and Parker, C.E., 2015, Sea-floor morphology and sedimentary environments in western Block Island Sound, offshore of Fishers Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1224, HTML Document; DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141224.","productDescription":"HTML Document; DVD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060422","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298568,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1224/"},{"id":298569,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1224/ofr2014-1224-title_page.html","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":298570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141224.jpg"}],"datum":"World Geodetic System 1984","country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Block Island Sound, Fishers Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.0047378540039,\n 41.193381423508484\n ],\n [\n -72.00576782226562,\n 41.25458109268851\n ],\n [\n -71.97452545166016,\n 41.27393614529453\n ],\n [\n -71.92955017089844,\n 41.287094304074884\n ],\n [\n -71.85745239257812,\n 41.28761025624326\n ],\n [\n -71.85745239257812,\n 41.194156460760546\n ],\n [\n -72.0047378540039,\n 41.193381423508484\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5507f09fe4b02e76d757c126","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMullen, Katherine Y. kmcmullen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"Katherine","email":"kmcmullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":139521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blackwood, Dann S. dblackwood@usgs.gov","contributorId":2457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"Dann","email":"dblackwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winner, William G.","contributorId":139522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winner","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12641,"text":"NOAA NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parker, Castle E.","contributorId":28684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"Castle","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12448,"text":"U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70136356,"text":"ofr20141259 - 2015 - The distribution of submersed aquatic vegetation and water lettuce in the fresh and oligohaline tidal Potomac River, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-16T08:44:15","indexId":"ofr20141259","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-16T08:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1259","title":"The distribution of submersed aquatic vegetation and water lettuce in the fresh and oligohaline tidal Potomac River, 2007","docAbstract":"Surveys documenting the composition of species of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) have been conducted in the Potomac River for decades. These surveys can help managers assess the proportion of native and exotic plants in the river or can be used to determine relationships between native and exotic plants, environmental conditions, and wildlife. SAV coverage increased from 2005 to 2007 throughout the fresh and oligohaline study area. The 2007 survey documented here determined that eleven species of SAV were present. The abundance of the exotic species Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla) was relatively low, and species diversity was relatively high compared to previous years. The survey also revealed a new population of the invasive, floating aquatic plant Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce). In 2007, water lettuce, the latest exotic aquatic plant to be found in the fresh to oligohaline portion of the Potomac River, was most abundant in Mattawoman Creek, Charles County, Maryland. However, it was not observed in the fresh to oligohaline portion of the Potomac River in the summer of 2008. An understanding of the distribution of SAV species and factors governing the abundance of native and invasive aquatic species is enhanced by long-term surveys.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141259","usgsCitation":"Campbell, S.H., Rybicki, N.B., and Schenk, E.R., 2015, The distribution of submersed aquatic vegetation and water lettuce in the fresh and oligohaline tidal Potomac River, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1259, vi, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141259.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-011359","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141259.jpg"},{"id":298551,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1259/"},{"id":298552,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1259/pdf/ofr2014-1259.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.92 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.00523376464844,\n 38.74819282375652\n ],\n [\n -77.00660705566406,\n 38.6897975322717\n ],\n [\n -77.12745666503906,\n 38.66781998344701\n ],\n [\n -77.10960388183592,\n 38.69247725944551\n ],\n [\n -77.02583312988281,\n 38.74765730401543\n ],\n [\n -77.00523376464844,\n 38.74819282375652\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n 38.53527591154413\n ],\n [\n -77.22084045410156,\n 38.54870243589558\n ],\n [\n -77.26547241210936,\n 38.4632670276956\n ],\n [\n -77.28744506835938,\n 38.34057907754285\n ],\n [\n -77.33345031738281,\n 38.3384247989913\n ],\n [\n -77.33139038085938,\n 38.40302528453207\n ],\n [\n -77.32933044433594,\n 38.4514377951069\n ],\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n 38.53527591154413\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.92558288574219,\n 38.301792263441016\n ],\n [\n -76.92558288574219,\n 38.31903340948611\n ],\n [\n -76.90292358398438,\n 38.31903340948611\n ],\n [\n -76.90292358398438,\n 38.301792263441016\n ],\n [\n -76.92558288574219,\n 38.301792263441016\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5507f0a0e4b02e76d757c128","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Sarah Hunter","contributorId":139663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"Hunter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rybicki, Nancy B. 0000-0002-2205-7927 nrybicki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2205-7927","contributorId":2142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybicki","given":"Nancy","email":"nrybicki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schenk, Edward R. 0000-0001-6886-5754 eschenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-5754","contributorId":2183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Edward","email":"eschenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175295,"text":"70175295 - 2015 - Modeling climate change, urbanization, and fire effects on Pinus palustris ecosystems of the southeastern U.S.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-20T12:59:26","indexId":"70175295","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-15T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling climate change, urbanization, and fire effects on Pinus palustris ecosystems of the southeastern U.S.","docAbstract":"Managing ecosystems for resilience and sustainability requires understanding how they will respond to future anthropogenic drivers such as climate change and urbanization. In fire-dependent ecosystems, predicting this response requires a focus on how these drivers will impact fire regimes. Here, we use scenarios of climate change, urbanization and management to simulate the future dynamics of the critically endangered and fire-dependent longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem. We investigated how climate change and urbanization will affect the ecosystem, and whether the two conservation goals of a 135% increase in total longleaf area and a doubling of fire-maintained open-canopy habitat can be achieved in the face of these drivers. Our results show that while climatic warming had little effect on the wildfire regime, and thus on longleaf pine dynamics, urban growth led to an 8% reduction in annual wildfire area. The management scenarios we tested increase the ecosystem's total extent by up to 62% and result in expansion of open-canopy longleaf by as much as 216%, meeting one of the two conservation goals for the ecosystem. We find that both conservation goals for this ecosystem, which is climate-resilient but vulnerable to urbanization, are only attainable if a greater focus is placed on restoration of non-longleaf areas as opposed to maintaining existing longleaf stands. Our approach demonstrates the importance of accounting for multiple relevant anthropogenic threats in an ecosystem-specific context in order to facilitate more effective management actions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.12.032","usgsCitation":"Costanza, J., Terando, A.J., McKerrow, A., and Collazo, J., 2015, Modeling climate change, urbanization, and fire effects on Pinus palustris ecosystems of the southeastern U.S.: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 151, p. 186-199, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.12.032.","startPage":"186","endPage":"199","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056277","costCenters":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38315,"text":"GAP Analysis Project","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326103,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"151","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a46749e4b0ebae89b63cd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costanza, Jennifer","contributorId":74689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costanza","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Terando, Adam J. 0000-0002-9280-043X aterando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-043X","contributorId":173447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terando","given":"Adam","email":"aterando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKerrow, Alexa 0000-0002-8312-2905 amckerrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8312-2905","contributorId":127753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKerrow","given":"Alexa","email":"amckerrow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collazo, Jaime A. 0000-0002-1816-7744 jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-7744","contributorId":173448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"Jaime A.","email":"jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":644720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70139954,"text":"70139954 - 2015 - Nine microsatellite loci developed from the octocoral, Paragorgia arborea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-17T15:05:21","indexId":"70139954","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1325,"text":"Conservation Genetics Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nine microsatellite loci developed from the octocoral, Paragorgia arborea","docAbstract":"Paragorgia arborea, or bubblegum coral, occurs in continental slope habitats worldwide, which are increasingly threatened by human activities such as energy development and fisheries practices. From 101 putative loci screened, nine microsatellite markers were developed from samples taken from Baltimore canyon in the western North Atlantic Ocean. The number of alleles ranged from two to thirteen per locus and each displayed equilibrium. These nuclear resources will help further research on population connectivity in threatened coral species where mitochondrial markers are known to lack fine-scale genetic diversity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12686-015-0457-z","usgsCitation":"Coykendall, D.K., and Morrison, C., 2015, Nine microsatellite loci developed from the octocoral, Paragorgia arborea: Conservation Genetics Resources, v. 7, no. 3, p. 771-772, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-015-0457-z.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"771","endPage":"772","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062510","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Baltimore Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.816650390625,\n 34.397844946449865\n ],\n [\n -75.816650390625,\n 41.20345619205129\n ],\n [\n -68.609619140625,\n 41.20345619205129\n ],\n [\n -68.609619140625,\n 34.397844946449865\n ],\n [\n -75.816650390625,\n 34.397844946449865\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5524ffb0e4b027f0aee3d47d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coykendall, D. Katharine 0000-0002-1148-2397 dcoykendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1148-2397","contributorId":5472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coykendall","given":"D.","email":"dcoykendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Katharine","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrison, Cheryl L. cmorrison@usgs.gov","contributorId":3355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Cheryl L.","email":"cmorrison@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70138818,"text":"ds915 - 2015 - Hydrological, water-quality, and ecological data for streams in Independence, Missouri, June 2005 through September 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-12T16:36:48","indexId":"ds915","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-12T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"915","title":"Hydrological, water-quality, and ecological data for streams in Independence, Missouri, June 2005 through September 2013","docAbstract":"Water-quality, hydrological, and ecological data collected from June 2005 through September 2013 from the Little Blue River and smaller streams within the City of Independence, Missouri, are presented in this report. These data were collected as a part of an ongoing cooperative study between the U.S. Geological Survey and the City of Independence Water Pollution Control Department to characterize the water quality and ecological condition of Independence streams. The quantities, sources of selected constituents, and processes affecting water quality and aquatic life were evaluated to determine the resulting ecological condition of streams within Independence. Data collected for this study fulfill the municipal separate sewer system permit requirements for the City of Independence and can be used to provide a baseline with which city managers can determine the effectiveness of current (2014) and future best management practices within Independence. Continuous streamflow and water-quality data, collected during base flow and stormflow, included physical and chemical properties, inorganic constituents, common organic micro-constituents, pesticides in streambed sediment and surface water, fecal indicator bacteria and microbial source tracking data, and suspended sediment. Dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, water temperature, and turbidity data were measured continuously at seven sites within Independence. Base-flow and stormflow samples were collected at eight gaged and two ungaged sites. Fecal sources samples were collected for reference for microbial source tracking, and sewage influent samples were collected as additional source samples. Dry-weather screening was done on 11 basins within Independence to identify potential contaminant sources to the streams. Benthic macroinvertebrate community surveys and habitat assessments were done on 10 stream sites and 2 comparison sites outside the city. Sampling and laboratory procedures and quality-assurance and quality-control methods used in data collection for this study are described in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds915","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Independence, Missouri, Water Pollution Control Department","usgsCitation":"Niesen, S.L., and Christensen, E.D., 2015, Hydrological, water-quality, and ecological data for streams in Independence, Missouri, June 2005 through September 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 915, Report: x, 80 p.; 2 Appendices; 5 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds915.","productDescription":"Report: x, 80 p.; 2 Appendices; 5 Tables","startPage":"80","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-059795","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298475,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds915.jpg"},{"id":298466,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/downloads/ds915_Appendix01.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"170 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 1"},{"id":298464,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/"},{"id":298467,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/downloads/ds915_Appendix02.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"266 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 2"},{"id":298468,"rank":6,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/downloads/ds915_table08.xlsx","text":"Table 8","size":"223 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 8"},{"id":298465,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/pdf/ds915.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.91 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298469,"rank":7,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/downloads/ds915_table09.xlsx","text":"Table 9","size":"231 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 9"},{"id":298470,"rank":8,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/downloads/ds915_table10.xlsx","text":"Table 10","size":"229 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 10"},{"id":298473,"rank":9,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/downloads/ds915_table19.xlsx","text":"Table 19","size":"237 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 19"},{"id":298474,"rank":10,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/downloads/ds915_table21.xlsx","text":"Table 21","size":"282 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 21"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Independence","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.51194763183594,\n 39.03945298873317\n ],\n [\n -94.51194763183594,\n 39.13964713662539\n ],\n [\n -94.32518005371094,\n 39.13964713662539\n ],\n [\n -94.32518005371094,\n 39.03945298873317\n ],\n [\n -94.51194763183594,\n 39.03945298873317\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5502aa98e4b02e76d7564e94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niesen, Shelley L. ssevern@usgs.gov","contributorId":4583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niesen","given":"Shelley","email":"ssevern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, Eric D. echriste@usgs.gov","contributorId":4230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Eric","email":"echriste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70142450,"text":"fs20153019 - 2015 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T21:04:52","indexId":"fs20153019","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-12T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3019","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, elevation data are critical for natural resources conservation (including the effects of drilling for oil and natural gas), agriculture and precision farming, flood risk management, infrastructure and construction management, water supply and quality, geologic resource assessment and hazard mitigation, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, and local agencies work in partnership to replace data that are older and of lower quality. A joint goal of Commonwealth and Federal partners is to provide a temporal and density refresh of the current statewide coverage in order to support existing and emerging applications enabled by improved lidar data.
\nThe National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153019","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2015, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Pennsylvania (Version 1: Originally posted March 12, 2015; Version 1.1: June 24, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3019, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153019.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060799","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20153019.jpg"},{"id":298460,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3019/"},{"id":298461,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3019/pdf/fs2015-3019.pdf","text":"Report","size":"267 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Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":127609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70142446,"text":"fs20153018 - 2015 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:06:20","indexId":"fs20153018","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-12T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3018","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Iowa","docAbstract":"Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Iowa, elevation data are critical for agriculture and precision farming, infrastructure and construction management, natural resources conservation, flood risk management, water supply and quality, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.
\nThe National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153018","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2015, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Iowa (Version 1.0: Originally posted March 12, 2015; Version 1.1: June 25, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3018, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153018.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060453","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20153018.jpg"},{"id":298458,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3018/pdf/fs2015-3018.pdf","text":"Report","size":"260 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298457,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted March 12, 2015; Version 1.1: June 25, 2015","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5502aa9ce4b02e76d7564e98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70137387,"text":"sir20155001 - 2015 - Low-flow characteristics and flow-duration statistics for selected USGS continuous-record streamgaging stations in North Carolina through 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:18:37","indexId":"sir20155001","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-12T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5001","title":"Low-flow characteristics and flow-duration statistics for selected USGS continuous-record streamgaging stations in North Carolina through 2012","docAbstract":"In 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the North Carolina Division of Water Resources, compiled updated low-flow characteristics and flow-duration statistics for selected continuous-record streamgages in North Carolina. The compilation of updated streamflow statistics provides regulators and planners with relevant hydrologic information reflective of the recent droughts, which can be used to better manage the quantity and quality of streams in North Carolina. Streamflow records available through the 2012 water year1 were used to determine the annual (based on climatic year2) and winter 7-day, 10-year (7Q10, W7Q10) low-flow discharges, the 30-day, 2-year (30Q2) low-flow discharge, and the 7-day, 2-year (7Q2) low-flow discharge. Consequently, streamflow records available through March 31, 2012 (or the 2011 climatic year) were used to determine the updated low-flow characteristics. Low-flow characteristics were published for 177 unregulated sites, 56 regulated sites, and 33 sites known or considered to be affected by varying degrees of minor regulation and (or) diversions upstream from the streamgages (266 sites total). The updated 7Q10 discharges were compared for 63 streamgages across North Carolina where (1) long-term streamflow record consisted of 30 or more climatic years of data available as of the 1998 climatic year, and (2) streamflows were not known to be regulated. The 7Q10 discharges did not change for 3 sites, whereas increases and decreases were noted at 5 and 55 sites, respectively. Positive changes (increases) ranged from 4.3 percent (site 362) to 34.1 percent (site 112) with a median of 13.2 percent. Negative percentage changes (decreases) ranged from –3.3 percent (site 514) to –80.0 percent (site 308) with a median of –22.2 percent. The median percentage change for all 63 streamgages was –18.4 percent. Streamflow statistics determined as a part of this compilation included minimum, mean, maximum, and flow-duration statistics of daily mean discharges for categorical periods. Flow-duration statistics based on the daily mean discharge records were compiled in this study for the 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles. Flow-duration statistics were determined for each complete water year of record at a streamgage as well as the available period of record (or selected periods if flows were regulated) and selected seasonal, monthly, and calendar day periods. In addition to the streamflow statistics compiled for each of the water years, the number of days the daily mean discharge was at or below the 10th percentile was summed for each water year as well as the number of events during the water year when streamflow was consistently at or below the 10th percentile. All low-flow characteristics for the streamgages were added into the StreamStatsDB, which is a database accessible to users through the recently released USGS StreamStats application for North Carolina. The minimum, mean, maximum, and flow-duration statistics of daily mean discharges based on the available (or selected if regulated flows) period of record were updated in the North Carolina StreamStatsDB. However, for the selected seasonal, monthly, calendar day, and annual water year periods, tab-delimited American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) tables of the streamflow statistics are available online to users from a link provided in the StreamStats application. 1The annual period from October 1 through September 30, designated by the year in which the period ends. 2The annual period from April 1 through March 31, designated by the year in which the period begins.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155001","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Weaver, J.C., 2016, Low-flow characteristics and flow-duration statistics for selected USGS continuous-record streamgaging stations in North Carolina through 2012 (ver. 1.1, March 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5001, 89 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155001.","productDescription":"vii, 89 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051713","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318509,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5001/versionHist.txt","size":"3.96 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2015-5001"},{"id":318636,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5001/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"An alternative method to accessing the streamflow statistcs not provided in the report outside of the StreamStats application http://water.usgs.gov/osw/streamstats/north_carolina.html is through the Downloads Directory link above. Tables 3 and 5 in the report provide the low-flow characteristics and flow-duration statistics, respectively, for the available (or selected if regulated flows) period of records at the streamages. The Downloads directory contains the minimum, mean, maximum, and flow-duration statistics of daily mean discharges based on the available (or selected if regulated flows) period of record, each complete water year of record, each calendar day, each month, and selected seasonal periods."},{"id":318508,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5001/pdf/sir20155001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.73 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5001"},{"id":318510,"rank":5,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5001/images/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":298463,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5001/index.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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U.S. Geological Survey
3916 Sunset Ridge Road
Raleigh, NC 27607
http://nc.water.usgs.gov/