{"pageNumber":"1269","pageRowStart":"31700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":70019111,"text":"70019111 - 1997 - Long-term growth trends of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) rich.) at Caddo Lake, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-16T12:57:00","indexId":"70019111","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Long-term growth trends of baldcypress (<i>Taxodium distichum</i> (L.) rich.) at Caddo Lake, Texas","title":"Long-term growth trends of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) rich.) at Caddo Lake, Texas","docAbstract":"Caddo Lake, situated on the border of northeast Texas and northwest Louisiana, USA is a medium-sized lake dominated by stands of baldcypress (Taxodiwn distichum). A study of tree growth was initiated at Caddo Lake to address concerns about the health of the baldcypress ecosystem. The lake has been subjected to several dramatic water-level changes over the past 200 years, including water-level stabilization following dam construction in 1914. To assess the long-term growth trends of baldcypress trees and determine if a recent growth decline is occurring at Caddo Lake, increment cores were taken from 52 trees. The cores were crossdated and rings between the years 1900 and 1992 measured to the nearest 0.01 mm. Most cores were characterized by high variation in year-to-year growth. Although increasing growth rates were observed at most locations, trees from two backwater areas of the lake had recent growth rates lower than their long-term average. Growth amounts at these two sites were, however, within the historic range of variation. No recruitment was observed. From these data, we can conclude that the historic, extreme changes in hydrologic regime and the current stabilized water levels have not resulted in an overall decline in baldcypress growth at Caddo Lake.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF03161522","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Keeland, B.D., and Young, P., 1997, Long-term growth trends of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) rich.) at Caddo Lake, Texas: Wetlands, v. 17, no. 4, p. 559-566, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161522.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"559","endPage":"566","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Caddo Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.37667846679688,\n              32.64110949213927\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.04571533203125,\n              32.64110949213927\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.04571533203125,\n              32.895732015669815\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.37667846679688,\n              32.895732015669815\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.37667846679688,\n              32.64110949213927\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4993e4b0c8380cd68720","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeland, B. D.","contributorId":45275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeland","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, P.J.","contributorId":79636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019190,"text":"70019190 - 1997 - Correlation of Upper Cretaceous strata from Lima Peaks area to Madison Range, southwestern Montana and southeastern Idaho, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-22T16:43:03.655824","indexId":"70019190","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1344,"text":"Cretaceous Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation of Upper Cretaceous strata from Lima Peaks area to Madison Range, southwestern Montana and southeastern Idaho, USA","docAbstract":"<p>An<sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar age of 85.81 Ma±0.22 my was obtained on sanidine from a volcanic procellanite bed near the top of the 2135+m-thick Upper Cretaceous Frontier Formation in the Lima Peaks area of southwestern Montana. This early Santonian age, combined with previously determined age data including a palynological age of Cenomanian for the lower Frontier at Lima Peaks, and a U-Pb isotopic date of about 95 Ma for the base of the Frontier Formation in the eastern Pioneer Mountains north of the Lima Peaks area, provides an age range for the nonmarine formation. In the Madison Range, farther east in southweastern Montana, this age range corresponds to marine strata of not only the Frontier Formation, but also the overlying Cody Shale and Telegraph Creek Formation, a sequence that totals less than 760 m thick.</p><p>The Upper Cretaceous marine formations of the Madison Range are closely zoned by molluscan faunas that are well constrained with radiometric dates. The<sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar age of 85.81 Ma±0.22 my at Lima Peaks is bracketed by radiometric dates for the <i>Scaphites depressus—Protexanites bourgeoisianus </i>biozone and the overlying <i>Clioscaphites saxitonianus—Inoceramus undulatopilcatus </i>biozone of the Western Interior. Fossils of both of these biozones are present in the Cody Shale and the Telegraph Creek Formation in the Madison Range. The Telegraph Creek contains two units of volcanic ash that are approximate time equivalents of the volcanic procellanite of the Lima Peaks area. Clasts in the conglomerate of the upper part of the Frontier in the Lima Peaks area were shed during the initial stages of uplift of the Blacktail-Snowcrest Highlands which rose to the north. The dated porcellanite lies above the conglomerates and indicates that the uplift was initiated by middle or late Coniacian, 87–88 Ma.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/cres.1997.0079","usgsCitation":"Dyman, T.S., Tysdal, R.G., Perry, W.J., Obradovich, J.D., Haley, J.C., and Nichols, D.J., 1997, Correlation of Upper Cretaceous strata from Lima Peaks area to Madison Range, southwestern Montana and southeastern Idaho, USA: Cretaceous Research, v. 18, no. 6, p. 751-766, https://doi.org/10.1006/cres.1997.0079.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"751","endPage":"766","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226415,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114,\n              46\n            ],\n            [\n              -114,\n              44\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.5,\n              44\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.5,\n              46\n            ],\n            [\n              -114,\n              46\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc34e4b0c8380cd4e18f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyman, T. S.","contributorId":21161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dyman","given":"T.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tysdal, R. G.","contributorId":8823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tysdal","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, W. J. Jr.","contributorId":64266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Obradovich, J. D.","contributorId":48966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obradovich","given":"J.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haley, J. C.","contributorId":14873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haley","given":"J.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nichols, D. J.","contributorId":55466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70019109,"text":"70019109 - 1997 - Vertebrate herbivory in managed coastal wetlands: A manipulative experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:15","indexId":"70019109","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":861,"text":"Aquatic Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vertebrate herbivory in managed coastal wetlands: A manipulative experiment","docAbstract":"Structural marsh management and nutria herbivory are both believed to strongly influence plant production in the brackish, deltaic marshes of coastal Louisiana, USA. Previous studies have tested the effects of structural management on aboveground biomass after implementing management, but very few studies have collected data before and after management. Thus, to test the effects of structural marsh management on Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. and Scirpus americanus Pers., the aboveground biomass of both species was estimated before and after the construction of shallow, leveed impoundments. The water level in each impoundment was managed with a single flap-gated culvert fitted with a variable crest weir. Additionally, the influence of nutria grazing on aboveground biomass was measured by nondestructively sampling fenced (ungrazed) and unfenced (grazed) plots in both managed and unmanaged areas. While there was no significant difference in S. patens production between managed and unmanaged areas, marsh management negatively affected Sc. americanus production the two species also differed in their responses to grazing. Grazing dramatically reduced the sedge, Sc. americanus, while the grass, S. patens, remained at similar biomass levels in grazed and ungrazed plant stands. These findings support the belief that herbivory has a strong influence on plant production, but do not support the claim that management increases plant production in the deltaic marshes of Louisiana.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Botany","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3770(97)00031-4","issn":"03043770","usgsCitation":"Johnson, L., and Foote, A., 1997, Vertebrate herbivory in managed coastal wetlands: A manipulative experiment: Aquatic Botany, v. 59, no. 1-2, p. 17-32, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3770(97)00031-4.","startPage":"17","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205764,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3770(97)00031-4"},{"id":226629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc22be4b08c986b32a982","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, L.A.","contributorId":8237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foote, A.L.","contributorId":66435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foote","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019180,"text":"70019180 - 1997 - Case study modeling of turbulent and mesoscale fluxes over the BOREAS region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T14:37:57","indexId":"70019180","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Case study modeling of turbulent and mesoscale fluxes over the BOREAS region","docAbstract":"Results from aircraft and surface observations provided evidence for the existence of mesoscale circulations over the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) domain. Using an integrated approach that included the use of analytical modeling, numerical modeling, and data analysis, we have found that there are substantial contributions to the total budgets of heat over the BOREAS domain generated by mesoscale circulations. This effect is largest when the synoptic flow is relatively weak, yet it is present under less favorable conditions, as shown by the case study presented here. While further analysis is warranted to document this effect, the existence of mesoscale flow is not surprising, since it is related to the presence of landscape patches, including lakes, which are of a size on the order of the local Rossby radius and which have spatial differences in maximum sensible heat flux of about 300 W m-2. We have also analyzed the vertical temperature profile simulated in our case study as well as high-resolution soundings and we have found vertical profiles of temperature change above the boundary layer height, which we attribute in part to mesoscale contributions. Our conclusion is that in regions with organized landscapes, such as BOREAS, even with relatively strong synoptic winds, dynamical scaling criteria should be used to assess whether mesoscale effects should be parameterized or explicitly resolved in numerical models of the atmosphere.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/97JD02561","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Vidale, P., Pielke, R., Steyaert, L.T., and Barr, A., 1997, Case study modeling of turbulent and mesoscale fluxes over the BOREAS region: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 102, no. 24, p. 29167-29188, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD02561.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"29167","endPage":"29188","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479966,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97jd02561","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f38be4b0c8380cd4b887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vidale, P.L.","contributorId":35690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pielke, R.A. Sr.","contributorId":96224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pielke","given":"R.A.","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steyaert, L. T.","contributorId":71303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barr, A.","contributorId":32306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barr","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020166,"text":"70020166 - 1997 - Turbulent stresses in the surf-zone: Which way is up?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:20","indexId":"70020166","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Turbulent stresses in the surf-zone: Which way is up?","docAbstract":"Velocity observations from a vertical stack of three-component Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters (ADVs) within the energetic surf-zone are presented. Rapid temporal sampling and small sampling volume provide observations suitable for investigation of the role of turbulent fluctuations in surf-zone dynamics. While sensor performance was good, failure to recover reliable measures of tilt from the vertical compromise the data value. We will present some cursory observations supporting the ADV performance, and examine the sensitivity of stress estimates to uncertainty in the sensor orientation. It is well known that turbulent stress estimates are highly sensitive to orientation relative to vertical when wave motions are dominant. Analyses presented examine the potential to use observed flow-field characteristics to constrain sensor orientation. Results show that such an approach may provide a consistent orientation to a fraction of a degree, but the inherent sensitivity of stress estimates requires a still more restrictive constraint. Regardless, the observations indicate the degree to which stress estimates are dependent on orientation, and provide some indication of the temporal variability in time-averaged stress estimates.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1996 25th International Conference on Coastal Engineering. Part 1 (of 4)","conferenceDate":"2 September 1996 through 6 September 1996","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","issn":"08938717","usgsCitation":"Haines, J.W., and Gelfenbaum, G., 1997, Turbulent stresses in the surf-zone: Which way is up?, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference, v. 3, Orlando, FL, USA, 2 September 1996 through 6 September 1996, p. 3453-3466.","startPage":"3453","endPage":"3466","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb8f5e4b08c986b327b3e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Edge, B.L","contributorId":111972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edge","given":"B.L","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508691,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Haines, John W. 0000-0002-6475-8924 jhaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6475-8924","contributorId":509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"John","email":"jhaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy","contributorId":79844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019163,"text":"70019163 - 1997 - Spatial and temporal variability in nutrient concentrations in surface waters of the Chattahoochee River basin near Atlanta, Georgia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:16","indexId":"70019163","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variability in nutrient concentrations in surface waters of the Chattahoochee River basin near Atlanta, Georgia, USA","docAbstract":"Nutrient concentrations from the early 1970s through 1995 were evaluated at several sites along the Chattahoochee River and its tributaries near Atlanta, to determine general patterns and processes controlling nutrient concentrations in the river. A spatial analysis was conducted on data collected in 1994 and 1995 from an intensive nutrient study of the Chattahoochee River and its tributaries by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division. The 1994-1995 data show step increases in ammonium (NH4-N), nitrite plus nitrate (NO2 + NO3-N), and total-phosphorus (Tot-P) concentrations in the river. The step increases occur downstream of two wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs) and Peachtree Creek, a small tributary inflow with degraded water quality draining a predominantly urban and industrial area. Median NO2 + NO3-N and Tot-P concentrations in the mainstem increase downstream of these inputs from 0.5 to 1 mg 1-1 and from 0.04 to 0.13 mg 1-1, respectively. NH4-N concentrations were typically low with 95% of the 2575 observations less than 0.2 mg 1-1 throughout the river system, except some high values (>1 mg 1-1) in some tributaries, particularly near the central part of Atlanta. High NH4-N concentrations are attributed to sewage discharge as they also are associated with high biological oxygen demand and faecal coliform bacteria concentrations. Nutrient concentrations vary temporally. An assessment of four sites, two mainstem and two tributaries, from 1970 to 1995 indicates a progressive increase and variability in NO2 + NO3-N concentrations during the period. The progressive increase in NO2 + NO3-N concentrations and their variability is similar to that reported for surface waters throughout the world and for which increased fertilizer usage has been attributed. Tot-P concentrations increase at mainstem sites through the middle to late 1980s and decrease markedly thereafter, due to improvements to WWTFs and a 1990 phosphate detergent ban. NH4-N concentrations, although less pronounced than Tot-P, display a similar decrease from the late 1980s to 1995 at the four sites. Tot-P concentration variability has increased at the tributary sites since 1993, although recent concentrations, on average, are the lowest since 1970 at each of the four sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., Buell, G.R., and Frick, E.A., 1997, Spatial and temporal variability in nutrient concentrations in surface waters of the Chattahoochee River basin near Atlanta, Georgia, USA: IAHS-AISH Publication, v. 243, p. 153-165.","startPage":"153","endPage":"165","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"243","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b944ee4b08c986b31a9c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buell, G. R.","contributorId":57103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buell","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frick, E. A.","contributorId":61840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frick","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020109,"text":"70020109 - 1997 - Stochastic point-source modeling of ground motions in the Cascadia region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-28T16:29:42.241608","indexId":"70020109","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stochastic point-source modeling of ground motions in the Cascadia region","docAbstract":"A stochastic model is used to develop preliminary ground motion relations for the Cascadia region for rock sites. The model parameters are derived from empirical analyses of seismographic data from the Cascadia region. The model is based on a Brune point-source characterized by a stress parameter of 50 bars. The model predictions are compared to ground-motion data from the Cascadia region and to data from large earthquakes in other subduction zones. The point-source simulations match the observations from moderate events (M < 7) in the Cascadia region. The simulations predict a steeper attenuation than observed for very large subduction events (M ??? 7.5) in other regions; motions are overpredicted near the earthquake source and underpredicted at large distances (>100 km). The discrepancy at large magnitudes suggests further work on modeling finite-fault effects and regional attenuation is warranted. In the meantime, the preliminary equations are satisfactory for predicting motions from events of M < 7 and provide conservative estimates of motions from larger events at distances less than 100 km.","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.68.1.74","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Atkinson, G.M., and Boore, D.M., 1997, Stochastic point-source modeling of ground motions in the Cascadia region: Seismological Research Letters, v. 68, no. 1, p. 74-85, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.68.1.74.","productDescription":"12 p,","startPage":"74","endPage":"85","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228157,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"British Columbia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -131.4115268298872,\n              54.611818856599086\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.4115268298872,\n              42.202387991274804\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.759124118769,\n              42.202387991274804\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.759124118769,\n              54.611818856599086\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.4115268298872,\n              54.611818856599086\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b984de4b08c986b31bf70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atkinson, G. M.","contributorId":69283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":385055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019350,"text":"70019350 - 1997 - The availability of Landsat data: Past, present, and future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-08T12:38:52","indexId":"70019350","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The availability of Landsat data: Past, present, and future","docAbstract":"It has long been recognized that the success of the Landsat program would depend on an effective distribution of its data to a wide variety of users, worldwide, in a timely manner. Since 1972, nearly $250 million worth of data have been distributed by a network of ground stations around the world. The policies of the U.S. Government affecting the distribution, availability, and pricing of Landsat data have been controversial, and have been strongly affected by the attempts to commercialize the program. At the present time, data are being distributed in the U.S. by either government or commercial entities, depending on the date of acquisition of the data in question and whether or not the customer is affiliated with the Federal Government. Although the future distribution of Landsat data is currently under discussion, it seems likely that data distribution initially will be the responsibility of NOAA. In any case, the long-term archive and distribution of all Landsat data will be the responsibility of the Department of Interior's U.S. Geological Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Draeger, W., Holm, T.M., Lauer, D.T., and Thompson, R., 1997, The availability of Landsat data: Past, present, and future: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 63, no. 7, p. 869-875.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"869","endPage":"875","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9dce4b08c986b322571","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Draeger, W. C.","contributorId":67231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draeger","given":"W. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holm, T. M.","contributorId":66436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lauer, D. T.","contributorId":47907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, R.J.","contributorId":93624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70194231,"text":"70194231 - 1997 - Gradients, vegetation and climate: spatial and temporal dynamics in the Olympic Mountains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T15:13:36","indexId":"70194231","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1840,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gradients, vegetation and climate: spatial and temporal dynamics in the Olympic Mountains, USA","docAbstract":"<p>The steep environmental gradients of mountains result in the juxtaposition of diverse vegetation associations with narrow ecotones because life zones are compressed. Variation in geologic substrate, landforms, and soils, in combination with steep environmental gradients, create habitat diversity across spatial scales from 10<sup>6</sup> ha to &lt;10 m<sup>2</sup>. This leads to higher biodiversity in a smaller space than in landscapes with less topographic variation. Mountains are often considered to be refuges for biological diversity at the regional scale, although variation in landscape features creates refuges at a fine scale as well. Mountains should also be considered a source of biological diversity, because they provide the germplasm for migration into lowland areas following glacial recession. Many taxa are distributed over a broad range of elevations and habitats, which maximizes the potential to respond to environmental perturbations. Reorganization of species distribution and abundance as a result of climatic change may be impacted considerably by human-caused fragmentation of landscape features, especially at lower elevations. This paper uses palaeoecological and biogeographical data to investigate the spatial and temporal vegetation dynamics of a steep maritime range, the Olympic Mountains (USA). The role of resource management in protecting vegetation in a fragmented landscape is discussed, with emphasis on how to address uncertainties such as climatic change.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/2997523","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.L., Schreiner, E.G., and Buckingham, N.M., 1997, Gradients, vegetation and climate: spatial and temporal dynamics in the Olympic Mountains, USA: Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters, v. 6, no. 1, p. 7-17, https://doi.org/10.2307/2997523.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"17","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Olympic Mountains","volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61292ee4b06e28e9c25d5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, David L.","contributorId":94643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12647,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":722790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreiner, Edward G.","contributorId":29371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiner","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buckingham, Nelsa M.","contributorId":78224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buckingham","given":"Nelsa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019110,"text":"70019110 - 1997 - Kinetics of the coesite to quartz transformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-08T12:27:47.187901","indexId":"70019110","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinetics of the coesite to quartz transformation","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id12\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id13\"><p>The survival of coesite in ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) rocks has important implications for the exhumation of subducted crustal rocks. We have conducted experiments to study the mechanism and rate of the coesite→quartz transformation using polycrystalline coesite aggregates, fabricated by devitrifying silica glass cylinders containing 2850&nbsp;H/10<sup>6</sup>&nbsp;Si at 1000°C and 3.6 GPa for 24&nbsp;h. Conditions were adjusted following synthesis to transform the samples at 700–1000°C at pressures 190–410 MPa below the quartz–coesite equilibrium boundary. Reaction proceeds via grain-boundary nucleation and interface-controlled growth, with characteristic reaction textures remarkably similar to those seen in natural UHP rocks. We infer that the experimental reaction mechanism is identical to that in nature, a prerequisite for reliable extrapolation of the rate data. Growth rates obtained by direct measurement differ by up to two orders of magnitude from those estimated by fitting a rate equation to the transformation–time data. Fitting the rates to Turnbull's equation for growth therefore yields two distinct sets of parameters with similar activation energies (242 or 269 kJ/mol) but significantly different pre-exponential constants. Extrapolation based on either set of growth rates suggests that coesite should not be preserved on geologic time scales if it reaches the quartz stability field at temperatures above 375–400°C. The survival of coesite has previously been linked to its inclusion in strong phases, such as garnet, that can sustain a high internal pressure during decompression. Other factors that may play a crucial role in preservation are low fluid availability — possibly even less than that of our nominally “dry” experiments — and the development of transformation stress, which inhibits nucleation and growth. These issues are discussed in the context of our experiments as well as recent observations from natural rocks.</p></div></div></div><ul id=\"issue-navigation\" class=\"issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom u-bg-grey1\"></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00159-3","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Mosenfelder, J., and Bohlen, S., 1997, Kinetics of the coesite to quartz transformation: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 153, no. 1-2, p. 133-147, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00159-3.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489789,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(97)00159-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226630,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"153","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40abe4b0c8380cd64f58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mosenfelder, J.L.","contributorId":82467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosenfelder","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlen, S.R.","contributorId":105436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlen","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033417,"text":"70033417 - 1997 - Spatial analysis of temperature (BHT/DST) data and consequences for heat-flow determination in sedimentary basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033417","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Spatial analysis of temperature (BHT/DST) data and consequences for heat-flow determination in sedimentary basins","docAbstract":"Large numbers of bottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) and temperatures measured during drill-stem tests (DSTs) are available in areas explored for hydrocarbons, but their usefulness for estimating geothermal gradients and heat-flow density is limited. We investigated a large data set of BHT and DST measurements taken in boreholes in the American Midcontinent, a geologically uniform stable cratonic area, and propose an empirical correction for BHTs based on relationships between BHTs, DSTs, and thermal logs. This empirical correction is compared with similar approaches determined for other areas. The data were analyzed by multivariate statistics prior to the BHT correction to identify anomalous measurements and quantify external influences. Spatial patterns in temperature measurements for major stratigraphic units outline relations to regional structure. Comparision of temperature and structure trend-surface residuals reveals a relationship between temperature highs and local structure highs. The anticlines, developed by continuous but intermittent movement of basement fault blocks in the Late Paleozoic, are subtle features having closures of 10-30 m and contain relatively small hydrocarbon reservoirs. The temperature anomalies of the order of 5-7 ??C may reflect fluids moving upward along fractures and faults, rather than changes in thermal conductivity resulting from different pore fluids. ?? Springer-Verlag 1997.","largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Earth Sciences","language":"English","issn":"14373","usgsCitation":"Forster, A., Merriam, D.F., and Davis, J., 1997, Spatial analysis of temperature (BHT/DST) data and consequences for heat-flow determination in sedimentary basins, <i>in</i> International Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 86, no. 2, p. 252-261.","startPage":"252","endPage":"261","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9420e4b08c986b31a8a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forster, A.","contributorId":14580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forster","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merriam, D. F.","contributorId":63175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriam","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.C.","contributorId":72121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033381,"text":"70033381 - 1997 - Long time-series of turbid coastal water using AVHRR: An example from Florida Bay, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033381","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Long time-series of turbid coastal water using AVHRR: An example from Florida Bay, USA","docAbstract":"The AVHRR can provide information on the reflectance of turbid case II water, permitting examination of large estuaries and plumes from major rivers. The AVHRR has been onboard several NOAA satellites, with afternoon overpasses since 1981, offering a long time-series to examine changes in coastal water. We are using AVHRR data starting in December 1989, to examine water clarity in Florida Bay, which has undergone a decline since the late 1980's. The processing involves obtaining a nominal reflectance for red light with standard corrections including those for Rayleigh and aerosol path radiances. Established relationships between reflectance and the water properties being measured in the Bay provide estimates of diffuse attenuation and light limitation for phytoplankton and seagrass productivity studies. Processing also includes monthly averages of reflectance and attenuation. The AVHRR data set describes spatial and temporal patterns, including resuspension of bottom sediments in the winter, and changes in water clarity. The AVHRR also indicates that Florida Bay has much higher reflectivity relative to attenuation than other southeastern US estuaries. ??2005 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Ocean Optics XIII","conferenceDate":"22 October 1996 through 22 October 1996","conferenceLocation":"Halifax, NS","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.266402","issn":"02777","usgsCitation":"Stumpf, R.P., and Frayer, M., 1997, Long time-series of turbid coastal water using AVHRR: An example from Florida Bay, USA, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 2963, Halifax, NS, 22 October 1996 through 22 October 1996, p. 796-801, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.266402.","startPage":"796","endPage":"801","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213511,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.266402"}],"volume":"2963","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4965e4b0c8380cd6858f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stumpf, R. P.","contributorId":30649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumpf","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frayer, M.L.","contributorId":75292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frayer","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70187677,"text":"70187677 - 1997 - Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus radiometric calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T13:49:03","indexId":"70187677","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1175,"text":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus radiometric calibration","docAbstract":"<p><span>Landsat-7 is currently being built and tested for launch in 1998. The Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor for Landsat-7, a derivative of the highly successful Thematic Mapper (TM) sensors on Landsats 4 and 5, and the Landsat-7 ground system are being built to provide enhanced radiometric calibration performance. In addition, regular vicarious calibration campaigns are being planned to provide additional information for calibration of the ETM+ instrument. The primary upgrades to the instrument include the addition of two solar calibrators: the full aperture solar calibrator, a deployable diffuser, and the partial aperture solar calibrator, a passive device that allows the ETM+ to image the sun. The ground processing incorporates for the first time an off-line facility, the Image Assessment System (IAS), to perform calibration, evaluation and analysis. Within the IAS, processing capabilities include radiometric artifact characterization and correction, radiometric calibration from the multiple calibrator sources, inclusion of results from vicarious calibration and statistical trending of calibration data to improve calibration estimation. The Landsat Product Generation System, the portion of the ground system responsible for producing calibrated products, will incorporate the radiometric artifact correction algorithms and will use the calibration information generated by the IAS. This calibration information will also be supplied to ground processing systems throughout the world.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/07038992.1997.10855218","usgsCitation":"Markham, B.L., Boncyk, W.C., Helder, D., and Barker, J.L., 1997, Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus radiometric calibration: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 23, p. 318-332, https://doi.org/10.1080/07038992.1997.10855218.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"318","endPage":"332","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341232,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bde4b044b359e486c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markham, B. L.","contributorId":88872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boncyk, Wayne C.","contributorId":46707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boncyk","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helder, D. L. 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":51496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barker, J. L.","contributorId":83518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019752,"text":"70019752 - 1997 - Regional Lg attenuation for the continental United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-22T13:46:22.551388","indexId":"70019752","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional Lg attenuation for the continental United States","docAbstract":"<div id=\"130405104\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Measurements of the Fourier amplitude spectra of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg</i><span>&nbsp;</span>phases recorded at high frequency (0.5 to 14.0 Hz) by broadband seismic stations are used to determine regional attenuation relationships for southern California, the Basin and Range Province, the central United States, and the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. Fourier spectral amplitudes were measured every quarter octave from<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg</i><span>&nbsp;</span>phases windowed between 3.0 and 3.7 km sec<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and recorded in the distance range of 150 to 1000 km. Attenuation at each frequency is determined by assuming a geometrical spreading exponent of 0.5 and inverting for<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and source and receiver terms. Both southern California and the Basin and Range Province are well described by low<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and frequency-dependent attenuation.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg</i><span>&nbsp;</span>spectral amplitudes in southern California are fit at low frequencies (0.625 to 0.875 Hz) by a constant<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>of 224 and by a frequency-dependent<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>function<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 187<sub>−7</sub><sup>+7</sup><i>f</i><sup>0.55(±0.03)</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in the frequency band 1.0 to 7.0 Hz. The Basin and Range Province is characterized by a constant<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>of 192 for frequencies of 0.5 to 0.875 Hz and by the frequency-dependent<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>function<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 235<sub>−11</sub><sup>+11</sup><i>f</i><sup>0.56(±0.04)</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in the frequency band 1.0 to 5.0 Hz. A change in frequency dependence above 5.0 Hz is possible due to contamination of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg</i><span>&nbsp;</span>window by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pn</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Sn</i><span>&nbsp;</span>phases.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg</i><span>&nbsp;</span>spectral amplitudes in the central United States are fit by a mean frequency-independent<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>of 1291 for frequencies of 1.5 to 7.0 Hz, while a frequency-dependent<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 1052<sub>−83</sub><sup>+91</sup>(<i>f</i>/1.5)<sup>0.22(±0.06)</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>fits the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg</i><span>&nbsp;</span>spectral amplitudes for the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada over the passband 1.5 to 14.0 Hz. Attenuation measurements for these areas were restricted to frequencies &gt;1.5 Hz due to larger microseismic noise levels at the lower frequencies.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0870030606","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Benz, H., Frankel, A., and Boore, D., 1997, Regional Lg attenuation for the continental United States: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 87, no. 3, p. 606-619, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0870030606.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"606","endPage":"619","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228251,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n 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           -97.22872,\n                49.0007\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.15907,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.15609,\n                49.38425\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.81758,\n                49.38905\n              ]\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      },\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"name\": \"United States\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a489e4b0e8fec6cdbb7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benz, H.M.","contributorId":21594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel, A. 0000-0001-9119-6106","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":41593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187680,"text":"70187680 - 1997 - Estimating millet production for famine early warning: An application of crop simulation modelling using satellite and ground-based data in Burkina Faso","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T14:01:27","indexId":"70187680","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating millet production for famine early warning: An application of crop simulation modelling using satellite and ground-based data in Burkina Faso","docAbstract":"<p><span>Early warning of impending poor crop harvests in highly variable environments can allow policy makers the time they need to take appropriate action to ameliorate the effects of regional food shortages on vulnerable rural and urban populations. Crop production estimates for the current season can be obtained using crop simulation models and remotely sensed estimates of rainfall in real time, embedded in a geographic information system that allows simple analysis of simulation results. A prototype yield estimation system was developed for the thirty provinces of Burkina Faso. It is based on CERES-Millet, a crop simulation model of the growth and development of millet (</span><i>Pennisetum</i><span> spp.). The prototype was used to estimate millet production in contrasting seasons and to derive production anomaly estimates for the 1986 season. Provincial yields simulated halfway through the growing season were generally within 15% of their final (end-of-season) values. Although more work is required to produce an operational early warning system of reasonable credibility, the methodology has considerable potential for providing timely estimates of regional production of the major food crops in countries of sub-Saharan Africa.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0168-1923(96)02348-9","usgsCitation":"Thornton, P.K., Bowen, W.T., Ravelo, A.C., Wilkens, P.W., Farmer, G., Brock, J., and Brink, J.E., 1997, Estimating millet production for famine early warning: An application of crop simulation modelling using satellite and ground-based data in Burkina Faso: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 83, no. 1-2, p. 95-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(96)02348-9.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"112","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341235,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Burkina Faso","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-2.8275,9.64246],[-3.5119,9.90033],[-3.98045,9.86234],[-4.33025,9.61083],[-4.77988,9.82198],[-4.95465,10.15271],[-5.40434,10.37074],[-5.47056,10.95127],[-5.19784,11.37515],[-5.22094,11.71386],[-4.42717,12.54265],[-4.28041,13.22844],[-4.00639,13.47249],[-3.5228,13.33766],[-3.10371,13.54127],[-2.96769,13.79815],[-2.19182,14.24642],[-2.00104,14.55901],[-1.06636,14.97382],[-0.51585,15.11616],[-0.26626,14.92431],[0.37489,14.92891],[0.29565,14.44423],[0.42993,13.98873],[0.99305,13.33575],[1.0241,12.85183],[2.17711,12.62502],[2.15447,11.94015],[1.93599,11.64115],[1.44718,11.54772],[1.24347,11.11051],[0.89956,10.99734],[0.0238,11.01868],[-0.4387,11.09834],[-0.76158,10.93693],[-1.20336,11.00982],[-2.94041,10.96269],[-2.9639,10.39533],[-2.8275,9.64246]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Burkina Faso\"}}]}","volume":"83","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bce4b044b359e486c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thornton, P. K.","contributorId":192008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thornton","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, W. T.","contributorId":192009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowen","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ravelo, A. C.","contributorId":24778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ravelo","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilkens, P. W.","contributorId":192010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilkens","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farmer, G.","contributorId":192011,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farmer","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brock, J. 0000-0002-5289-9332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":71658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brink, J. E.","contributorId":192012,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brink","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70019376,"text":"70019376 - 1997 - Regional interpretation of water-quality monitoring data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T10:27:02","indexId":"70019376","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional interpretation of water-quality monitoring data","docAbstract":"<p><span>We describe a method for using spatially referenced regressions of contaminant transport on watershed attributes (SPARROW) in regional water-quality assessment. The method is designed to reduce the problems of data interpretation caused by sparse sampling, network bias, and basin heterogeneity. The regression equation relates measured transport rates in streams to spatially referenced descriptors of pollution sources and land-surface and stream-channel characteristics. Regression models of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) transport are constructed for a region defined as the nontidal conterminous United States. Observed TN and TP transport rates are derived from water-quality records for 414 stations in the National Stream Quality Accounting Network. Nutrient sources identified in the equations include point sources, applied fertilizer, livestock waste, nonagricultural land, and atmospheric deposition (TN only). Surface characteristics found to be significant predictors of land-water delivery include soil permeability, stream density, and temperature (TN only). Estimated instream decay coefficients for the two contaminants decrease monotonically with increasing stream size. TP transport is found to be significantly reduced by reservoir retention. Spatial referencing of basin attributes in relation to the stream channel network greatly increases their statistical significance and model accuracy. The method is used to estimate the proportion of watersheds in the conterminous United States (i.e., hydrologic cataloging units) with outflow TP concentrations less than the criterion of 0.1 mg/L, and to classify cataloging units according to local TN yield (kg/km</span><sup>2</sup><span>/yr).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97WR02171","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.A., Schwarz, G., and Alexander, R.B., 1997, Regional interpretation of water-quality monitoring data: Water Resources Research, v. 33, no. 12, p. 2781-2798, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR02171.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2781","endPage":"2798","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480024,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97wr02171","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a534e4b0e8fec6cdbd7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Richard A. 0000-0003-2117-2269 rsmith1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2117-2269","contributorId":580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rsmith1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory E.","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":382516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020203,"text":"70020203 - 1997 - A reconnaissance study of oxygen, hydrogen and strontium isotopes in geochemically diverse lakes, Western Nebraska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70020203","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A reconnaissance study of oxygen, hydrogen and strontium isotopes in geochemically diverse lakes, Western Nebraska, USA","docAbstract":"Reconnaissance ??18O,, ??D, and ??87Sr data for fifteen lakes in the Western Lakes Region of the Sand Hills of Nebraska indicate dynamic hydrologic systems. The rather narrow range of ??87Sr from lake water (1.1 to 2.1) and groundwater (0.9 to 1.7) indicates that the groundwater is generally unradiogenic. Groundwater residence times and relatively unradiogenic volcanic ash within the dune sediments control the ??87Sr values. Based on the mutual variations of ??18O and ??D, the lakes can be divided into three groups. In Group 1, both ??18O and ??D values increase from spring to fall. The ??18O and ??D values in Group 2 decreased from spring to fall. Group 3 are ephemeral lakes that went dry some time during 1992. The data and isotopic modeling show that variations in the ratio of evaporation relative to groundwater inflow, local humidity conditions, and the ??(a) has substantial influence on the isotopic composition. In addition, isotopic behavior in ephemeral hakes can be rather unusual because of the changing activities of water and mineral precipitation and redissolution. The annual and interannual isotopic variability of these lakes which is reflected in the paleonvironmental indicators may be the rule rather than the exception in these types of systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1007913010057","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Gosselin, D., Nabelek, P., Peterman, Z.E., and Sibray, S., 1997, A reconnaissance study of oxygen, hydrogen and strontium isotopes in geochemically diverse lakes, Western Nebraska, USA: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 17, no. 1, p. 51-65, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007913010057.","startPage":"51","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206844,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007913010057"},{"id":230927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e53ae4b0c8380cd46c01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gosselin, D.C.","contributorId":93237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gosselin","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nabelek, P.E.","contributorId":102657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nabelek","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sibray, S.","contributorId":101041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibray","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019573,"text":"70019573 - 1997 - Geochronologic and paleomagnetic evidence defining the relationship between the Miocene Hiko and Racer Canyon tuffs, eccentric outflow lobes from the Caliente caldera complex, southeastern Great Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-08T01:26:41.198463","indexId":"70019573","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochronologic and paleomagnetic evidence defining the relationship between the Miocene Hiko and Racer Canyon tuffs, eccentric outflow lobes from the Caliente caldera complex, southeastern Great Basin, USA","docAbstract":"<div id=\"Abs1-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\"><p> Outflow sheets of the Hiko tuff and the Racer Canyon tuff, which together extend over approximately 16 000 km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>around the Caliente caldera complex in southeastern Nevada, have long been considered to be products of simultaneous or near-simultaneous eruptions from inset calderas in the west and east ends, respectively, of the caldera complex. New high-precision<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar geochronology and paleomagnetic data demonstrate that emplacement of the uppermost part of the Racer Canyon tuff at 18.33±0.03 Ma was nearly synchronous with emplacement of the single outflow cooling unit of the much larger overlying Hiko tuff at 18.32±0.04 Ma. Based on comparison with the geomagnetic polarity time scale derived from the sea-floor spreading record, we conclude that emplacement of the first of several outflow cooling units of the Racer Canyon tuff commenced approximately 0.5 m.y. earlier. Only one paleomagnetic polarity is found in the Hiko tuff, but at least two paleomagnetic reversals have been found in the Racer Canyon tuff. The two formations overlap in only one place, at and near Panaca Summit northeast of the center of the Caliente caldera complex; here the Hiko tuff is stratigraphically above the Racer Canyon tuff. This study demonstrates the power of combining<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar and paleomagnetic data in conjunction with phenocryst compositional modes to resolve problematic stratigraphic correlations in complex ash-flow sequences where use of one method alone might not eliminate ambiguities.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s004450050172","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Gromme, S., Deino, A., Best, M.G., and Hudson, M., 1997, Geochronologic and paleomagnetic evidence defining the relationship between the Miocene Hiko and Racer Canyon tuffs, eccentric outflow lobes from the Caliente caldera complex, southeastern Great Basin, USA: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 59, no. 1, p. 21-35, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004450050172.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227964,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a172fe4b0c8380cd553fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gromme, S.","contributorId":21277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gromme","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deino, A.M.","contributorId":40862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deino","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Best, M. G.","contributorId":57843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hudson, M.R.","contributorId":68317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019761,"text":"70019761 - 1997 - Sr isotope evidence for a lacustrine origin for the upper Miocene to Pliocene Bouse Formation, lower Colorado River trough, and implications for timing of Colorado Plateau uplift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-21T23:51:31.774204","indexId":"70019761","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sr isotope evidence for a lacustrine origin for the upper Miocene to Pliocene Bouse Formation, lower Colorado River trough, and implications for timing of Colorado Plateau uplift","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15008994\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>The upper Miocene to Pliocene Bouse Formation in the lower Colorado River trough, which consists largely of siltstone with basal tufa and marl, has been interpreted as estuarine on the basis of paleontology. This interpretation requires abrupt marine inundation that has been linked to early rifting in the Gulf of California and Salton trough. New strontium isotope measurements reported here from carbonates and invertebrate shells in the Bouse Formation reveal no evidence of marine water, but are consistent with deposition in a lake or chain of lakes fed by the Colorado River. Furthermore, the absence of a southward decrease in<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr within the Bouse Formation does not support the estuarine model in which low<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr marine Sr would have dominated the mouth of the hypothetical Bouse estuary. Elevation of originally marine<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr in the Bouse Formation to its present level, due to postdepositional interaction with ground water, is unlikely because Sr from secondary calcite above, below, and within the Bouse Formation is consistently less radiogenic, not more, than Bouse marl and shells. In contrast to Bouse Sr, strontium from mollusks in tidal-flat and delta-front paleoenvironments in the contemporaneous Imperial Formation in the Salton trough and from the subsurface south of Yuma was derived from sea water and confirms the dominance of marine strontium near or at the mouth of the late Miocene to early Pliocene Colorado River. Inferred post–early Pliocene uplift of the Bouse Formation from below sea level to modern elevations of up to 550 m has been used to support a late Cenozoic uplift age for the nearby Colorado Plateau. This constraint on uplift timing is eliminated if the Bouse Formation is lacustrine.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0767:SIEFAL>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Spencer, J., and Patchett, P., 1997, Sr isotope evidence for a lacustrine origin for the upper Miocene to Pliocene Bouse Formation, lower Colorado River trough, and implications for timing of Colorado Plateau uplift: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, no. 6, p. 767-778, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0767:SIEFAL>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"767","endPage":"778","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227765,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b963be4b08c986b31b3a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, J.E.","contributorId":91542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patchett, P. J.","contributorId":55152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patchett","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019926,"text":"70019926 - 1997 - A self-modifying cellular automaton model of historical urbanization in the San Francisco Bay area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T15:01:56","indexId":"70019926","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1526,"text":"Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A self-modifying cellular automaton model of historical urbanization in the San Francisco Bay area","docAbstract":"In this paper we describe a cellular automaton (CA) simulation model developed to predict urban growth as part of a project for estimating the regional and broader impact of urbanization on the San Francisco Bay area's climate. The rules of the model are more complex than those of a typical CA and involve the use of multiple data sources, including topography, road networks, and existing settlement distributions, and their modification over time. In addition, the control parameters of the model are allowed to self-modify: that is, the CA adapts itself to the circumstances it generates, in particular, during periods of rapid growth or stagnation. In addition, the model was written to allow the accumulation of probabilistic estimates based on Monte Carlo methods. Calibration of the model has been accomplished by the use of historical maps to compare model predictions of urbanization, based solely upon the distribution in year 1900, with observed data for years 1940, 1954, 1962, 1974, and 1990. The complexity of this model has made calibration a particularly demanding step. Lessons learned about the methods, measures, and strategies developed to calibrate the model may be of use in other environmental modeling contexts. With the calibration complete, the model is being used to generate a set of future scenarios for the San Francisco Bay area along with their probabilities based on the Monte Carlo version of the model. Animated dynamic mapping of the simulations will be used to allow visualization of the impact of future urban growth.","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE","doi":"10.1068/b240247","issn":"02658135","usgsCitation":"Clarke, K., Hoppen, S., and Gaydos, L., 1997, A self-modifying cellular automaton model of historical urbanization in the San Francisco Bay area: Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, v. 24, no. 2, p. 247-261, https://doi.org/10.1068/b240247.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"261","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e584e4b0c8380cd46dad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clarke, K.C.","contributorId":55980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"K.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoppen, S.","contributorId":8239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoppen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaydos, L.","contributorId":101015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaydos","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019514,"text":"70019514 - 1997 - The 1995 revision of the joint US/UK geomagnetic field models - I. Secular variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70019514","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1430,"text":"Earth, Planets and Space","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1995 revision of the joint US/UK geomagnetic field models - I. Secular variation","docAbstract":"We present the methods used to derive mathematical models of global secular variation of the main geomagnetic field for the period 1985 to 2000. These secular-variation models are used in the construction of the candidate US/UK models for the Definitive Geomagnetic Reference Field at 1990, the International Geomagnetic Reference Field for 1995 to 2000, and the World Magnetic Model for 1995 to 2000 (see paper II, Quinn et al., 1997). The main sources of data for the secular-variation models are geomagnetic observatories and repeat stations. Over the areas devoid of these data secular-variation information is extracted from aeromagnetic and satellite data. We describe how secular variation is predicted up to the year 2000 at the observatories and repeat stations, how the aeromagnetic and satellite data are used, and how all the data are combined to produce the required models.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth, Planets and Space","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"13438832","usgsCitation":"Macmillan, S., Barraclough, D., Quinn, J., and Coleman, R., 1997, The 1995 revision of the joint US/UK geomagnetic field models - I. Secular variation: Earth, Planets and Space, v. 49, no. 2-3, p. 229-243.","startPage":"229","endPage":"243","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba637e4b08c986b320f88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macmillan, S.","contributorId":18522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macmillan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barraclough, D.R.","contributorId":20735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barraclough","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quinn, J.M.","contributorId":48591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coleman, R.J.","contributorId":59966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019875,"text":"70019875 - 1997 - Flow to a well of finite diameter in a homogeneous, anisotropic water table aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T10:30:26","indexId":"70019875","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow to a well of finite diameter in a homogeneous, anisotropic water table aquifer","docAbstract":"<p><span>A Laplace transform solution is presented for the problem of flow to a partially penetrating well of finite diameter in a slightly compressible water table aquifer. The solution, which allows for evaluation of both pumped well and observation piezometer data, accounts for effects of well bore storage and skin and allows for the noninstantaneous release of water from the unsaturated zone. For instantaneous release of water from the unsaturated zone the solution approaches the line source solution derived by Neuman as the diameter of the pumped well approaches zero. Delayed piezometer response, which is significant during times of rapidly changing hydraulic head, is included in the theoretical treatment and shown to be an important factor in accurate evaluation of specific storage. By means of a hypothetical field example it is demonstrated that evaluations of specific storage (</span><i>S</i><sub><i>s</i></sub><span>) using classical line source solutions may yield values of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>S</i><sub><i>s</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>that are overestimated by a factor of 100 or more, depending upon the location of the observation piezometers and whether effects of delayed piezometer response are included in the analysis. Theoretical responses obtained with the proposed model are used to suggest methods for evaluating specific storage.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97WR00651","usgsCitation":"Moench, A.F., 1997, Flow to a well of finite diameter in a homogeneous, anisotropic water table aquifer: Water Resources Research, v. 33, no. 6, p. 1397-1407, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR00651.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1397","endPage":"1407","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487271,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97wr00651","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1256e4b0c8380cd54284","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moench, Allen F. afmoench@usgs.gov","contributorId":3903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"Allen","email":"afmoench@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":384241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019505,"text":"70019505 - 1997 - Recovery strategies for the California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) in the heavily-urbanized San Francisco estuarine ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:50:44","indexId":"70019505","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2603,"text":"Landscape and Urban Planning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Recovery strategies for the California clapper rail (<i>Rallus longirostris obsoletus</i>) in the heavily-urbanized San Francisco estuarine ecosystem","title":"Recovery strategies for the California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) in the heavily-urbanized San Francisco estuarine ecosystem","docAbstract":"<p>The California clapper rail (<i>Rallus longirostris obsoletus</i>), a Federal- and State-listed endangered marsh bird, has a geographic range restricted to one of the most heavily-urbanized estuaries in the world. The rail population has long been in a state of decline, although the exact contribution of each of the many contributing causes remains unclear. The rail is one of the key targets of emerging plans to conserve and restore tidal marshlands. Reduction of tidal marsh habitat, estimated at 85–95%, has been the major historical cause of rail decline. Increased predation intensity may be the more important present problem, because habitat fragmentation and alteration coupled with the invasion of the red fox have made the remaining populations more vulnerable to predators. Population viability analysis shows that adult survivorship is the key demographic variable; reversals in population fate occur over a narrow range of ecologically realistic values. Analysis of habitat requirements and population dynamics of the clapper rail in the San Francisco Estuary shows that decreased within-marsh habitat quality, particularly reduction of tidal flows and alteration of drainage, is an important barrier to population recovery. Management and restoration activities should emphasize the development of well-channelized high tidal marsh, because this is the key requirement of rail habitat. Developing effective restoration programs depends upon having information that field research will not provide. The effect of spatial pattern of reserves requires accurate estimation of the effects of prédation and inter-marsh movement, both of which are practically impossible to measure adequately. It will be necessary to develop and use simulation models that can be applied to geographic data to accomplish this task.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00036-4","usgsCitation":"Foin, T.C., Garcia, E.J., Gill, R., Culberson, S.D., and Collins, J.N., 1997, Recovery strategies for the California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) in the heavily-urbanized San Francisco estuarine ecosystem: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 38, no. 3-4, p. 229-243, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00036-4.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"243","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a349e4b0e8fec6cdb7ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foin, Theodore C.","contributorId":174646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foin","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13461,"text":"U.C. Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":382997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, E. Jacqueline","contributorId":174039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jacqueline","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":382993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Culberson, Steven D.","contributorId":82166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culberson","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collins, Joshua N.","contributorId":150531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":12703,"text":"San Francisco Estuary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":382995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1008577,"text":"1008577 - 1997 - The interaction of spatial scale and predator-prey functional response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T10:40:10","indexId":"1008577","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The interaction of spatial scale and predator-prey functional response","docAbstract":"<p><span>Predator-prey models with a prey-dependent functional response have the property that the prey equilibrium value is determined only by predator characteristics. However, in observed natural systems (for instance, snail-periphyton interactions in streams) the equilibrium periphyton biomass has been shown experimentally to be influenced by both snail numbers and levels of available limiting nutrient in the water. Hypothesizing that the observed patchiness in periphyton in streams may be part of the explanation for the departure of behavior of the equilibrium biomasses from predictions of the prey-dependent response of the snail-periphyton system, we developed and analyzed a spatially-explicit model of periphyton in which snails were modeled as individuals in their movement and feeding, and periphyton was modeled as patches or spatial cells. Three different assumptions on snail movement were used: (1) random movement between spatial cells, (2) tracking by snails of local abundances of periphyton, and (3) delayed departure of snails from cells to reduce costs associated with movement. Of these assumptions, only the third strategy, based on an herbivore strategy of staying in one patch until local periphyton biomass concentration falls below a certain threshold amount, produced results in which both periphyton and snail biomass increased with nutrient input. Thus, if data are averaged spatially over the whole system, we expect that a ratio-dependent functional response may be observed if the herbivore behaves according to the third assumption. Both random movement and delayed cell departure had the result that spatial heterogeneity of periphyton increased with nutrient input.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00045-2","usgsCitation":"Blaine, T., and DeAngelis, D., 1997, The interaction of spatial scale and predator-prey functional response: Ecological Modelling, v. 95, no. 2-3, p. 319-328, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00045-2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"328","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3800(96)00045-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fcf95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blaine, T.W.","contributorId":87894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blaine","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019883,"text":"70019883 - 1997 - Physiological levels of testosterone kill salmonid leukocytes in vitro","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70019883","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physiological levels of testosterone kill salmonid leukocytes in vitro","docAbstract":"Adult spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) elaborate high plasma concentrations of testosterone during sexual maturation, and these levels of testosterone have been shown to reduce the salmonid immune response in vitro. Our search for the mechanism of testosterone's immunosuppressive action has led to the characterization of an androgen receptor in salmonid leukocytes. In the present study we examined the specific effects that testosterone had on salmonid leukocytes. Direct counts of viable leukocytes after incubation with and without physiological levels of testosterone demonstrate a significant loss of leukocytes in cultures exposed to testosterone. At least 5 days of contact with testosterone was required to produce significant immunosuppression and addition of a 'conditioned media' (supernatant from proliferating lymphocytes not exposed to testosterone) did not reverse the immunosuppressive effects of testosterone. These data lead us to conclude that testosterone may exert its immunosuppressive effects by direct action on salmonid leukocytes, through the androgen receptor described, and that this action leads to the death of a significant number of these leukocytes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/gcen.1996.6858","issn":"00166480","usgsCitation":"Slater, C., and Schreck, C., 1997, Physiological levels of testosterone kill salmonid leukocytes in vitro: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 106, no. 1, p. 113-119, https://doi.org/10.1006/gcen.1996.6858.","startPage":"113","endPage":"119","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205966,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/gcen.1996.6858"},{"id":227692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b20e4b0c8380cd79280","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slater, C.H.","contributorId":26462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreck, C.B.","contributorId":11977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}