Wildfires in the southwestern United States are increasingly frequent and severe, but whether these trends exceed historical norms remains contested. Here we combine dendroecological records, satellite-derived burn severity, and field measured tree mortality to compare historical (1700-1880) and contemporary (1985-2020) fire regimes at tree-ring fire-scar sites in Arizona and New Mexico. We found that contemporary fire frequency, including recent, record fire years, is still <20% of historical levels. Since 1985, the fire return interval averages 58.8 years, compared to 11.4 years before 1880. Fire severity, however, has increased. At sites where trees historically survived many fires over centuries, 42% of recent fires resulted in high tree mortality. Suppressed wildfires tended to burn more severely than prescribed burns and wildfires managed for resource benefit. These findings suggest that expanded use of low-severity prescribed and managed fire would help restore forest resilience and historical fire regimes in dry conifer forests.
Soft ticks in the genus Ornithodoros occur throughout the Mojave Desert in southern Nevada, southeastern California, and parts of southwestern Utah and northwestern Arizona, USA, and are frequently observed parasitizing Mojave desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii). However, limited research exists examining the relationship between ticks and desert tortoises. Mojave desert tortoises are listed as threatened by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and as such, their populations are monitored and individual tortoise health is routinely assessed. These health assessments document the presence and abundance of ticks present on tortoises, but detailed examination of the relationship between ticks and tortoise health has been lacking. This study analyzed the relationship between tick presence and desert tortoise health assessments as a function of season, location, age (adult vs. juvenile), foraging behavior, evidence of clinical signs of disease, body condition score, and sex. Our results indicate that more ticks were found on tortoises in the summer than in any other season. Ticks were observed more frequently on captive tortoises versus wild tortoises, and more ticks were likely to be present on adult tortoises than on juveniles. Ticks were also more likely to be observed on tortoises that lacked evidence of foraging and on tortoises with observed clinical signs of disease. These findings provide valuable insights into the biology of ticks in relation to tortoises that may be useful for management of both captive and free-living threatened tortoise populations where ticks are detected. Our study also may improve understanding of potential tick-borne disease dynamics in the Mojave desert tortoise habitat, including Borrelia sp. carried by Ornithodoros ticks, which cause tick-borne relapsing fever in people.
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To that end, EEB is developing new tools to analyze the massive, complex, transdisciplinary datasets that result from such studies. The American Society for Microbiology’s Council on Microbial Sciences hosted a virtual retreat in 2023 to identify the trajectory of EEB both within the Society and microbiology at large. Retreat presentations and discussions collectively emphasized the interconnectedness of microbes and their outsized global influence on environmental and host health. The retreat repeatedly emphasized that the future of science is through transdisciplinary collaborations that promote integration of diverse datasets and advanced technologies, while also genuinely fostering inclusivity, global collaborations, and public engagement. 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Management decisions often focus on the habitat selection of marked individuals without considering the contribution to demographic performance in selected habitats. Because habitat selection is not always adaptive, understanding the spatial relationship between habitat selection and demographic performance is critical to management decisions. Mapping both habitat selection and demographic performance for species of conservation concern can help guide population-scale conservation efforts. We demonstrate a quantitative approach to differentiate areas supporting selection and survival at large spatial extents. As a case study, we applied this approach to greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter, sage-grouse), an indicator species for sagebrush ecosystems. We evaluated both habitat selection and survival across multiple reproductive life stages (nesting, brood-rearing) in the Bi-State Distinct Population Segment, a genetically distinct and geographically isolated population of sage-grouse on the southwestern edge of the species' range. Our approach allowed us to identify both mismatches between selection and survival and trade-offs between reproductive life stages. These findings suggest resource demands vary across time, with predation risk being a dominant driver of habitat selection during nesting and early brood-rearing periods when chicks are smaller and flightless, whereas access to forage resources becomes more important during late brood rearing when resources become increasingly limited. Moving beyond identifying and managing habitat solely based on species occupancy or use by incorporating demographic measures allows managers to tailor actions to their specific goals; for example, protections of areas that support high selection and high survival and restoration actions focused on increasing survival in areas of high selection and low survival.
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Stakeholders and scientists at local and national scales have illustrated a need for understanding these risks to water quality. A regional and comprehensive understanding of the impacts of tropical storms and hurricanes on surface-water and groundwater quality—and thus water availability—is lacking for potentially impacted coastal and inland areas. As the U.S. Geological Survey considers development of tools to predict the extent to which water-quality impacts of hurricanes affect water availability, an assessment of the state of the science of hurricane impacts is needed, including a gap analysis and prioritization of data and science needs. This assessment focuses on the southeastern coastal States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241048","usgsCitation":"Windham-Myers, L., Root, T.L., Petkewich, M.D., Musgrove, M., Gill, A.C., Weaver, J.C., Conaway, C.H., Lindsey, B.D., Parchaso, F., Knowles, N., and Tomaszewski, E.J., 2024, State of science, gap analysis, and prioritization for southeastern United States water-quality impacts from coastal storms—Fiscal year 2023 program report to the Water Resources Mission Area from the Water Availability Impacts of Extreme Events Program—Hurricanes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1048, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241048.","productDescription":"vii, 64 p.","numberOfPages":"76","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-158415","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497944,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117648.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":462753,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1048/ofr20241048.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1048"},{"id":462752,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1048/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"southeastern United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.26046308814853,\n 43.34065198513025\n ],\n [\n -71.1713607133797,\n 43.55896502744753\n ],\n [\n -75.09417377891708,\n 40.41702622060157\n ],\n [\n -76.94176883383484,\n 39.38997863980981\n ],\n [\n -77.22164958897736,\n 35.4797326167386\n ],\n [\n -81.98694844837883,\n 31.03632790667575\n ],\n [\n -91.39626305044476,\n 30.5137107036077\n ],\n [\n -91.2989713852823,\n 28.512692779158414\n ],\n [\n -88.18175904626855,\n 28.79591613221004\n ],\n [\n -86.89387148001948,\n 29.79601367137508\n ],\n [\n -83.99773737243493,\n 28.705053633372273\n ],\n [\n -82.26744490204806,\n 24.549161920326497\n ],\n [\n -81.77772710856374,\n 24.25613293881912\n ],\n [\n -79.25395823346736,\n 25.669131592981728\n ],\n [\n -80.8137017138734,\n 30.79934564119985\n ],\n [\n -75.38603247990801,\n 34.830905137914925\n ],\n [\n -74.53299323261764,\n 37.55917715000662\n ],\n [\n -72.8924569187813,\n 40.11126942721674\n ],\n [\n -69.38684780759837,\n 40.8712632604325\n ],\n [\n -69.5648600647653,\n 42.87442943706927\n ],\n [\n -68.26046308814853,\n 43.34065198513025\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Earth System Processes Division
Water Resources Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Rivers convey a broad range of materials, such as sediment, nutrients, and contaminants. Much of this transport can occur during or immediately after an episodic, pulsed event like a flood or an oil spill. Understanding the flow processes that influence the motion of these substances is important for managing water resources and conserving aquatic ecosystems. This study introduces a new remote sensing framework for characterizing dynamic phenomena at the scale of a channel cross-section: Hyperspectral Image Transects during Transient Events in Rivers (HITTER). We present a workflow that uses repeated hyperspectral scan lines acquired from a hovering uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) to quantify how a water attribute of interest varies laterally across the river and evolves over time. Data from a tracer experiment on the Missouri River are used to illustrate the components of the end-to-end processing chain we used to quantify the passage of a visible dye. The framework is intended to be flexible and could be applied in a number of different contexts. The results of this initial proof-of-concept investigation suggest that HITTER could potentially provide insight regarding the dispersion of a range of materials in rivers, which would facilitate ecological and geomorphic studies and help inform management.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs16193743","usgsCitation":"Legleiter, C.J., Scholl, V.M., Sansom, B.J., and Burgess, M.A., 2024, Hyperspectral Image Transects during Transient Events in Rivers (HITTER): Framework development and application to a tracer experiment on the Missouri River, USA: Remote Sensing, v. 19, no. 16, 3743, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16193743.","productDescription":"3743, 33 p.","ipdsId":"IP-169440","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16193743","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":462788,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Legleiter, Carl J. 0000-0003-0940-8013 cjl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0940-8013","contributorId":169002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legleiter","given":"Carl","email":"cjl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scholl, Victoria Mary 0000-0002-2085-1449","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2085-1449","contributorId":295713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Victoria","email":"","middleInitial":"Mary","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sansom, Brandon James 0000-0001-7999-9547","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7999-9547","contributorId":289636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sansom","given":"Brandon","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burgess, Matthew Alexander 0000-0003-3487-4972 mburgess@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3487-4972","contributorId":225090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgess","given":"Matthew","email":"mburgess@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alexander","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70259698,"text":"70259698 - 2024 - Quantification of threats to bats at localized spatial scales for conservation and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-19T13:16:42.798926","indexId":"70259698","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-09T08:13:54","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7774,"text":"PLoSOne","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantification of threats to bats at localized spatial scales for conservation and management","docAbstract":"In a rapidly changing world, where species conservation needs vary by local habitat, concentrated conservation efforts at small spatial scales can be critical. Bats provide an array of value to the ecosystems they inhabit; many bat species are also of conservation concern. San Diego County, California, contains 22 of the 41 bat species that occur in the United States, 16 of which are on conservation watchlists. Thus, management of bat communities in San Diego County is a pressing need. Because bats exploit vast areas of the landscape and historical sampling strategies have shifted over time, a standardized way of prioritizing areas of the landscape for management would provide an integral asset to bat conservation. We leveraged long-term bat community survey data from sampling areas across San Diego County to prioritize areas with the most management need. We calculated two types of scores: species scores and threat scores. Species scores incorporated richness and conservation status, and threat scores included landscape level threats that bats could encounter. We found that urbanization, the presence of artificial lights, and areas sampled on unconserved land were all significantly associated with decreases in species richness. Further, using species and threat scores, each sampling area was placed into one of four conservation categories, in order from greatest to least conservation need, ranging from highest priority (high species score, high threat score) to lowest (low species score, low threat score). Additionally, we focused on sampling areas in which Townsend’s big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii) and/or pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) occurred. These two species are of exceptional conservation concern in San Diego County and across the western United States. We identified urbanization, the presence of artificial lights, and areas sampled on unconserved land as threats that were all significantly associated with the absence of Townsend’s big-eared bat, but not pallid bat. The strategy, methodology, and solutions proposed in our study should assist bat conservation and management efforts wherever bats occur, and can be extended to other species that require conservation attention.
The Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation (JACIE) was formed to leverage resources from several Federal agencies for the characterization of remote sensing data and to share those results across the remote sensing community (U.S. Geological Survey, 2024).
Remote sensing data and the quality of that data are vital to (1) understanding the physical world and (2) supporting the science and engineering applications that strive to advance that understanding. The growing number of remotely sensed data sources offers users more choices. Understanding the characteristics and capabilities of current and new data sources, along with the quality of data they provide, is an important function of the multi-agency JACIE team. By performing data-quality analysis of civil and commercial remote sensing data and information products, the JACIE team provides the remote sensing community with awareness and independent verification of image data quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20243038","usgsCitation":"Clauson, J., Anderson, C., Vrabel, J., 2024, Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation (JACIE): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2024-3038, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20243038.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","ipdsId":"IP-170388","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462703,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3038/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":462704,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3038/fs20243038.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":462705,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3038/fs20243038.xml"},{"id":462706,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3038/images"},{"id":462707,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20243038/full"}],"contact":"USGS EROS Cal/Val Center of Excellence (ECCOE) Project Team
U.S. Geological Survey
Earth Resources Observation and Science
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Email: eccoe@usgs.gov
Globally, aquatic ecosystems are one of the largest but most uncertain sources of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. It is unclear how climate change will affect methane emissions, but recent work suggests that glacial systems, which are melting faster with climate change, may be an important source of methane to the atmosphere. Currently, studies quantifying glacial emissions are limited in number, and the role of methanotrophy, or microbial methane oxidizers, in reducing atmospheric emissions from source and receiving waters is not well known. Here we discuss three potential sites for methane oxidation that could mitigate emissions from glaciers into the atmosphere: under ice oxidation, oxidation within proglacial lakes, and oxidation within melt rivers. The research presented here increases the number of glacial sites with methane concentration data and is one of only a few studies to quantify the net microbial activity of methane production and oxidation in two types of land-terminating glacial runoff (lake and river). We find that oxidation in a glacial river may reduce atmospheric methane emissions from glacial melt by as much as 53%. Incorporating methane oxidation in estimates of glacial methane emissions may significantly reduce the estimated magnitude of this source in budgeting exercises.
Terrestrial evapotranspiration is the second-largest component of the land water cycle, linking the water, energy, and carbon cycles and influencing the productivity and health of ecosystems. The dynamics of ET across a spectrum of spatiotemporal scales and their controls remain an active focus of research across different science disciplines. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of ET science across in situ measurements, partitioning of ET, and remote sensing, and discuss how different approaches complement one another based on their advantages and shortcomings. We aim to facilitate collaboration among a cross-disciplinary group of ET scientists to overcome the challenges identified in this paper and ultimately advance our integrated understanding of ET.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2024WR037622","usgsCitation":"Yi, K., Senay, G.B., Fisher, J., Wang, L., Suvocarev, K., Chu, H., Moore, G., Novick, K.A., Barnes, M.L., Keenan, T.F., Mallick, K., Luo, X., Missik, J., Delwiche, K.B., Nelson, J., Good, S., Xiao, X., Kannenberg, S., Ahmadi, A., Wang, T., Bohrer, G., Litvak, M., Reed, D., Oishi, A., Torn, M.S., and Baldocchi, D., 2024, Challenges and future directions in quantifying terrestrial evapotranspiration: Water Resources Research, v. 60, no. 10, e2024WR037622, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR037622.","productDescription":"e2024WR037622, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-173029","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr037622","text":"Publisher Index 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Christopher","contributorId":349161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oishi","given":"A. Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":83452,"text":"U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Southern Research Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, NC, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Torn, Margaret S. 0000-0002-8174-0099","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8174-0099","contributorId":177740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Torn","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":924085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Baldocchi, Dennis 0000-0003-3496-4919","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3496-4919","contributorId":167495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baldocchi","given":"Dennis","affiliations":[{"id":24725,"text":"Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26}]}} ,{"id":70259631,"text":"70259631 - 2024 - Body size and early marine conditions drive changes in Chinook salmon productivity across northern latitude ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-18T11:59:17.555913","indexId":"70259631","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-08T06:57:13","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Body size and early marine conditions drive changes in Chinook salmon productivity across northern latitude ecosystems","docAbstract":"Disentangling the influences of climate change from other stressors affecting the population dynamics of aquatic species is particularly pressing for northern latitude ecosystems, where climate-driven warming is occurring faster than the global average. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Yukon-Kuskokwim (YK) region occupy the northern extent of their species' range and are experiencing prolonged declines in abundance resulting in fisheries closures and impacts to the well-being of Indigenous people and local communities. These declines have been associated with physical (e.g., temperature, streamflow) and biological (e.g., body size, competition) conditions, but uncertainty remains about the relative influence of these drivers on productivity across populations and how salmon–environment relationships vary across watersheds. To fill these knowledge gaps, we estimated the effects of marine and freshwater environmental indicators, body size, and indices of competition, on the productivity (adult returns-per-spawner) of 26 Chinook salmon populations in the YK region using a Bayesian hierarchical stock-recruitment model. Across most populations, productivity declined with smaller spawner body size and sea surface temperatures that were colder in the winter and warmer in the summer during the first year at sea. Decreased productivity was also associated with above average fall maximum daily streamflow, increased sea ice cover prior to juvenile outmigration, and abundance of marine competitors, but the strength of these effects varied among populations. Maximum daily stream temperature during spawning migration had a nonlinear relationship with productivity, with reduced productivity in years when temperatures exceeded thresholds in main stem rivers. These results demonstrate for the first time that well-documented declines in body size of YK Chinook salmon were associated with declining population productivity, while taking climate into account.
In 2020, Colorado experienced the most severe wildfire season in recorded history, with wildfires burning 625 357 acres across the state. Two of the largest fires burned parts of Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), and a study was initiated to address concerns about potential effects on drinking water quality from mobilization of ash and sediment. The study took advantage of a wealth of pre-fire data from adjacent burned and unburned basins in western RMNP. Pre- and post-fire data collection included discrete sample collection and high-frequency water-quality measurements using in-stream sensors. Kruskal–Wallis tests on discrete data indicated that specific conductance, base cations, sulphate, chloride, nitrate, and total dissolved nitrogen concentrations increased post-fire, whereas silica and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) did not (p ≤ 0.05). In-stream sensors captured large spikes in concentrations of nutrients, turbidity, and DOC in the burned basin that were missed by discrete sampling. Sensor data indicated nitrate and turbidity increased by up to one and two orders of magnitude, respectively, from pre-event concentrations during storms, and DOC increased up to 3.5×. Empirical regression equations were developed using pre-fire data and applied to the post-fire period to estimate expected stream chemistry in the absence of fire (a ‘no-fire’ scenario). Overlays of actual post-fire chemistry showed the timing and magnitude of differences between observed and ‘estimated’ chemistry. For most solutes, observed post-fire concentrations were notably greater than expected under the ‘no-fire’ scenario, and differences were greatest during storm events. Comparison of data from the burned and unburned basins indicated DOC concentrations were affected by climate as well as fire. Results from this study demonstrate the importance of both pre-fire data and high-frequency data for characterizing dynamic hydrochemical responses in wildfire-affected areas.
Non-spatial models of competition between floating aquatic vegetation (FAV) and submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) predict a stable state of pure SAV at low total available limiting nutrient level, N, a stable state of only FAV for high N, and alternative stable states for intermediate N, as described by an S-shaped bifurcation curve. Spatial models that include physical heterogeneity of the waterbody show that the sharp transitions between these states become smooth. We examined the effects of heterogeneous initial conditions of the vegetation types. We used a spatially explicit model to describe the competition between the vegetation types. In the model, the FAV, duckweed (L. gibba), competed with the SAV, Nuttall's waterweed (Elodea nuttallii). Differences in the initial establishment of the two macrophytes affected the possible stable equilibria. When initial biomasses of SAV and FAV differed but each had the same initial biomass in each spatial cell, the S-shaped bifurcation resulted, but the critical transitions on the N-axis are shifted, depending on FAV:SAV biomass ratio. When the initial biomasses of SAV and FAV were randomly heterogeneously distributed among cells, the vegetation pattern of the competing species self-organized spatially, such that many different stable states were possible in the intermediate N region. If N was gradually increased or decreased through time from a stable state, the abrupt transitions of non-spatial models were changed into smoother transitions through a series of stable states, which resembles the Busse balloon observed in other systems.
Designated in 1978, Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park is located on the west coast of the Island of Hawaiʻi. The Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park encompasses about 1,200 acres of coastal land and nearshore ecosystems, which include wetlands, anchialine pools (landlocked bodies of brackish water with hydrologic connections to the ocean), fishponds, a fishtrap, and coral reefs. These nearshore ecosystems are dependent on groundwater discharge with a freshwater component and provide habitat for threatened and endangered, endemic species, such as the orangeblack Hawaiian damselfly (Megalagrion xanthomelas) and the Hawaiian coot (ʻAlae keʻokeʻo, Fulica alai). The populations of these native species, however, are threatened because of habitat loss related to urban development and environmental changes. Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park is within the Keauhou aquifer system and the North Kona District, which experienced a 52 percent resident-population increase between 2000 and 2020 and a 41 percent visitor increase between 2008 and 2019. To support the current water demand associated with this growing population, groundwater is the primary source of freshwater used in the North Kona District, with about 15 million gallons of groundwater withdrawn from the Keauhou aquifer system per day since 2009. With anticipated development, future (2015–35) groundwater withdrawal from the Keauhou aquifer system is projected to be about 55 percent greater than recent (2012–14) withdrawal. Because Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park is located within a coastal aquifer, natural and human-induced changes can affect the quality and quantity of groundwater, which can threaten groundwater-dependent ecosystems.
To improve understanding of recent groundwater conditions, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service, undertook this study to document correlations between hydrologic time-series datasets from sites in and near Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park using the nonparametric (distribution-free) Kendall’s tau statistical test.
For the statistical analyses, dependent variables representing the groundwater system include groundwater level, the groundwater-level difference between pairs of sites, and specific conductance, and independent variables include datasets of sea level, rainfall, and groundwater withdrawal. About 34 percent of the 140 non-time-lagged Kendall’s tau statistical tests evaluated in this report are statistically significant (p-value ≤ 0.050) with generally weak (0.1 ≤ tau ≤ 0.2) to moderate (0.2 ≤ tau ≤ 0.3) correlations. Groundwater levels measured at monitoring sites have the strongest correlation with the multivariate El Niño–Southern Oscillation index and withdrawal from production wells at the nearby Kohanaiki Private Club Community. Specific conductance is not consistently and significantly correlated with the independent hydrologic variables investigated in this report.
Because the relations between hydrologic variables are commonly not instantaneous, a second set of correlations was evaluated after applying a range of time lags to the independent variable datasets. Relative to the non-time-lagged case (the set of correlations that did not use time-lagged independent variables), some of the time-lagged independent variables improved correlations with some of the dependent variables. For a particular independent variable, similar time lags were expected between the independent variable and dependent variable at all four monitoring sites. However, different time lags among the four sites sometimes produced the strongest correlations.
This study identified several correlations that are statistically significant and hydrologically plausible, but the correlations could indicate that multiple concurrent factors are controlling the observed groundwater-system response, which might be better addressed using multivariate analyses. This study only investigates bivariate correlations, which may not explain all the variance in the data. The correlations analyzed in this report are limited by the quantity of available hydrologic data in the area near Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park and are based on 14 years of time-series data, which were aggregated to a relatively coarse monthly temporal resolution that represents the minimum resolution common to all datasets.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20245084","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Okuhata, B.K., and Oki, D.S., 2024, Correlation analysis of groundwater and hydrologic data, Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, Hawai‘i: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5084, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245084.","productDescription":"ix, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-154287","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462626,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5084/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":462627,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5084/sir20245084.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":462628,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5084/sir20245084.xml"},{"id":462629,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5084/images"},{"id":462630,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20245084/full"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.083351222759,\n 19.721737271204077\n ],\n [\n -156.083351222759,\n 19.65199485292854\n ],\n [\n -155.98955903724118,\n 19.65199485292854\n ],\n [\n -155.98955903724118,\n 19.721737271204077\n ],\n [\n -156.083351222759,\n 19.721737271204077\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
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Inouye Regional Center
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One Health aims to achieve optimal health outcomes for people, animals, plants, and shared environments. We describe a multisector effort to understand and mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk to humans via the spread among and between captive and wild white-tailed deer. We first framed a One Health problem with three governance sectors that manage captive deer, wild deer populations, and public health. The problem framing included identifying fundamental objectives, causal chains for transmission, and management actions. We then developed a dynamic model that linked deer herds and simulated SARS-CoV-2. Next, we evaluated management alternatives for their ability to reduce SARS-CoV-2 spread in white-tailed deer. We found that single-sector alternatives reduced transmission, but that the best-performing alternative required collaborative actions among wildlife management, agricultural management, and public health agencies. Here, we show quantitative support that One Health actions outperform single-sector responses, but may depend on coordination to track changes in this evolving system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41467-024-52737-0","usgsCitation":"Cook, J.D., Rosenblatt, E., DiRenzo, G.V., Campbell Grant, E.H., Mosher, B., Arce, F., Christensen, S., Ghai, R.R., and Runge, M.C., 2024, One Health collaboration is more effective than single-sector actions at mitigating SARS-CoV-2 in deer: Nature Communications, v. 15, 8677, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-52737-0.","productDescription":"8677, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-156865","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-52737-0","text":"External Repository"},{"id":465489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cook, Jonathan D. 0000-0001-7000-8727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7000-8727","contributorId":291411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":909909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenblatt, Elias","contributorId":342124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenblatt","given":"Elias","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DiRenzo, Graziella Vittoria 0000-0001-5264-4762","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5264-4762","contributorId":243404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiRenzo","given":"Graziella","email":"","middleInitial":"Vittoria","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":909911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":909912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mosher, Brittany A.","contributorId":342963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosher","given":"Brittany A.","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arce, Fernando","contributorId":342247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arce","given":"Fernando","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Christensen, Sonja","contributorId":171608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Sonja","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16900,"text":"Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ghai, Ria R.","contributorId":252886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ghai","given":"Ria","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":50460,"text":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States (","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":909917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70267403,"text":"70267403 - 2024 - Historical insights, current challenges: Tracking marine biodiversity in an urban harbor ecosystem in the face of climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-23T15:55:37.313752","indexId":"70267403","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-07T10:49:42","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":21646,"text":"Marine Biodiversity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical insights, current challenges: Tracking marine biodiversity in an urban harbor ecosystem in the face of climate change","docAbstract":"The Boston Harbor Islands is the only coastal drumlin archipelago in the USA, featuring a distinctive and uncommon geological intertidal habitat known as mixed coarse substrate, which supports a range of coastal species and ecological processes. Recently designated as one of America’s 11 most endangered historic places due to climate change impacts, coastal adaptation and restoration efforts are crucial to their preservation. Such efforts can benefit from historic and current knowledge of endemic and emergent biodiversity. To investigate broad trends in coastal biodiversity, we compiled an inventory of marine coastal macroalgae, macroinvertebrates, fish, mammals, and shorebirds observed in the harbor since 1861. Records span 159 years, consisting of 451 unique taxa from 19 phyla. Analysis of average taxonomic distinctness (AvTD) revealed increases in diversity towards the end of the twentieth and early twenty-first century, likely associated with improved water quality (dissolved oxygen; AvTD > 85, p = 0.01) due to harbor restoration in the 1980s. Macroinvertebrates comprised 50% of the records, making this the most diverse taxonomic group in the time series. A significant increase of non-indigenous species, primarily macroinvertebrates and macroalgae, was observed over the last 20 years near human infrastructure and across multiple islands, a consequence of global change and characteristic of most urban harbors. The mixed coarse intertidal habitat, which makes up > 70% of Boston Harbor’s inner islands and supports high macroinvertebrate and macroalgal diversity (47% of species records), is not routinely monitored; our findings serve as a foundational resource for climate adaptation projects and decision-making.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s12526-024-01462-4","usgsCitation":"Putnam, A., Endyke, S.C., Jones, A., Lockwood, L., Taylor, J., Albert, M., and Staudinger, M., 2024, Historical insights, current challenges: Tracking marine biodiversity in an urban harbor ecosystem in the face of climate change: Marine Biodiversity, v. 54, 78, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-024-01462-4.","productDescription":"78, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-165901","costCenters":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-024-01462-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":486520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Boston Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.06841368855036,\n 42.367993628173906\n ],\n [\n -71.06841368855036,\n 42.24541634591702\n ],\n [\n -70.85625966758792,\n 42.24541634591702\n ],\n [\n -70.85625966758792,\n 42.367993628173906\n ],\n [\n -71.06841368855036,\n 42.367993628173906\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Putnam, Alysha B.","contributorId":336857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Putnam","given":"Alysha B.","affiliations":[{"id":34616,"text":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":938102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Endyke, Sarah C.","contributorId":335365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Endyke","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37215,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":938103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Ally Rose 0009-0009-3686-1623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3686-1623","contributorId":336861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Ally Rose","affiliations":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":938104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lockwood, Lucy A.D. 0000-0002-7162-3198","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7162-3198","contributorId":352258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lockwood","given":"Lucy A.D.","affiliations":[{"id":63571,"text":"University of Massachusetts Boston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":938105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, Justin","contributorId":336859,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Justin","affiliations":[{"id":34616,"text":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":938106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Albert, Marc","contributorId":335163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Albert","given":"Marc","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":938107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Staudinger, Michelle 0000-0002-4535-2005","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-2005","contributorId":206655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staudinger","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":938108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70261889,"text":"70261889 - 2024 - Distribution and trends of endemic Hawaiian waterbirds, 1986–2023","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-31T16:26:54.091554","indexId":"70261889","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-07T10:19:20","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":138,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-113","title":"Distribution and trends of endemic Hawaiian waterbirds, 1986–2023","docAbstract":"This study updates the status assessment of four endemic endangered Hawaiian waterbird species—ae‘o (Hawaiian stilt, Himantopus mexicanus knudseni), ‘alae ke‘oke‘o (Hawaiian coot, Fulica alai), ‘alae ‘ula (Hawaiian gallinule, Gallinula galeata sandvicensis), and koloa maoli (Hawaiian duck, Anas wyvilliana)—from 1986 to 2016 by incorporating new data from 2017–2023. State-space models, which account for biological and sampling variation, were fitted to estimate population sizes and trends from both core and non-core wetland survey sites. Long-term trends (1986–2023) largely show increasing populations for all four species, but recent short-term trajectories (2013–2023) are to a greater degree than previous analyses, predominantly negative, indicating accentuated declines in some island populations. Summer counts have declined relative to winter counts over the 38-year period, indicating potential changes in habitat availability and breeding patterns due to shifting rainfall patterns. Although negative trends were apparent in some non-core wetlands, our study underscores the importance of both core and non-core wetlands for waterbird populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo","usgsCitation":"Gorresen, P., Camp, R.J., and Paxton, E.H., 2024, Distribution and trends of endemic Hawaiian waterbirds, 1986–2023: Technical Report HCSU-113, iv, 36 p.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","ipdsId":"IP-170387","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":465560,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10790/5396"},{"id":465574,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorresen, P. Marcos 0000-0002-0707-9212","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0707-9212","contributorId":196628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gorresen","given":"P. Marcos","affiliations":[{"id":13341,"text":"Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Camp, Richard J. 0000-0001-7008-923X rick_camp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-923X","contributorId":189964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard","email":"rick_camp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":19640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70273898,"text":"70273898 - 2024 - An accuracy assessment of the surface reflectance product from the EMIT imaging spectrometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-12T16:14:52.444787","indexId":"70273898","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-07T10:05:49","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An accuracy assessment of the surface reflectance product from the EMIT imaging spectrometer","docAbstract":"The Earth surface Mineral dust source InvesTigation (EMIT) is an imaging spectrometer launched to the International Space Station in July 2022 to measure the mineral composition of Earth’s dust-producing regions. We present a systematic accuracy assessment of the EMIT surface reflectance product in two parts. First, we characterize the surface reflectance product’s overall performance using multiple independent vicarious calibration field experiments with hand-held and automated field spectrometers. We find that the EMIT surface reflectance product has a standard error of ±1.0% in absolute reflectance units for temporally coincident observations. Discrepancies rise to ±2.7 % for spectra acquired at different dates and times of day, which we attribute mainly to changes in solar geometry. Second, we develop an error budget that explains the differences between EMIT and in-situ field spectrometer data. We find that uncertainties in spatial footprints, field spectroscopy, and the EMIT-reported measurement were sufficient to explain discrepancies in most cases. Our approach did not detect any systematic calibration or reflectance errors in the timespan considered. Together, these findings demonstrate that a space-based imaging spectrometer can acquire high-quality spectra across a wide range of observational and atmospheric conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2024.114450","usgsCitation":"Coleman, R.W., Thompson, D.R., Brodrick, P.G., Ben-Dor, E., Cox, E., Perez Garcıa-Pando, C., Hoefen, T.M., Kokaly, R.F., Meyer, J.M., Ochoa, F., Okin, G.S., Pearlshtien, D.H., Swayze, G.A., and Green, R.O., 2024, An accuracy assessment of the surface reflectance product from the EMIT imaging spectrometer: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 315, 114450, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2024.114450.","productDescription":"114450, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-157064","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2024.114450","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":499810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Israel","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":239533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":955676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Green, Robert O.","contributorId":366356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Green","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":87384,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70270828,"text":"70270828 - 2024 - Temperature-driven convergence and divergence of ecohydrological dynamics in the ecosystems of a sky island mountain range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-25T15:00:00.72447","indexId":"70270828","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-07T09:54:52","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature-driven convergence and divergence of ecohydrological dynamics in the ecosystems of a sky island mountain range","docAbstract":"Forest and woodland decline is predicted to be increasingly influenced by meteorological variation and climate change in the future. By determining how meteorological variation leads to similar versus differing ecohydrological dynamics of forest and woodland ecosystems, we can gain insight on how future climate-driven declines may be realized. We characterized 23 mixed conifer forest (MC), ponderosa pine forest (PP) and piñon pine–juniper woodland (PJ) sites with different canopy covers in southern Nevada, USA. We compared meteorological variation between these sites and employed water balance modelling and information theory to estimate similarity in the density distributions of soil temperature (Ts), soil water potential (SWP) and transpiration partitioning into total evapotranspiration (T/ET) within and across ecosystems in wetter and drier seasons and in cooler and warmer decades. From 1941 to 2020, this location experienced declines in meteorological water deficit due to higher precipitation, although temperatures increased over more recent time periods (1981–2020). From 1981 to 2020, we generally found greater similarity in SWP and T/ET distributions within MC sites and PP sites in the cool season and in the warm season generally found greater similarity in Ts and T/ET distributions within and between PP and PJ sites (excepting T/ET between PJ sites and higher canopy cover PP sites). Recent warm decades promoted convergence in warm and cool season Ts dynamics, such that Ts dynamics generally became more similar between higher elevation MC sites and lower elevation PP–PJ sites. At the same time, warmer decades initiated divergence of SWP and T/ET dynamics within groups of MC–PP and PP–PJ sites that were formerly more similar to each other (excepting SWP in wet seasons). Although their dynamics will remain strongly coupled to precipitation, warming temperatures have the potential to promote divergence in the ecohydrological dynamics of ecosystems at lower and higher elevations in this sky island system and may also promote novel within-ecosystem divergence associated with variation in vegetation structural attributes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eco.2703","usgsCitation":"Petrie, M., Bradford, J.B., and Schlaepfer, D.R., 2024, Temperature-driven convergence and divergence of ecohydrological dynamics in the ecosystems of a sky island mountain range: Ecohydrology, v. 17, no. 7, e2703, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2703.","productDescription":"e2703, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-164379","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494739,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.95435956484613,\n 36.566365259428736\n ],\n [\n -115.95435956484613,\n 36.25503150669982\n ],\n [\n -115.03667455367618,\n 36.34361887573249\n ],\n [\n -115.04986536016149,\n 36.59813625773428\n ],\n [\n -115.95435956484613,\n 36.566365259428736\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petrie, M.D.","contributorId":192983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petrie","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":947152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":222784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":947153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schlaepfer, Daniel Rodolphe 0000-0001-9973-2065","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9973-2065","contributorId":225569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlaepfer","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"Rodolphe","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":947154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70261247,"text":"70261247 - 2024 - Factors affecting the density of Metabetaeus lohena (Decapoda: Alpheidae) at a high-density anchialine pool environment on the Kona Coast of the Island of Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-03T15:41:40.773375","indexId":"70261247","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-07T09:34:31","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Factors affecting the density of Metabetaeus lohena (Decapoda: Alpheidae) at a high-density anchialine pool environment on the Kona Coast of the Island of Hawai‘i","title":"Factors affecting the density of Metabetaeus lohena (Decapoda: Alpheidae) at a high-density anchialine pool environment on the Kona Coast of the Island of Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"Caridean shrimps (Caridea) are the dominant macroinvertebrates in most anchialine ecosystems. Hawaiian anchialine ecosystems, primarily composed of shallow surface pools connected to the ocean via hypogeal networks of cracks, tubes, and other voids, support 10 caridean shrimp species, including two federally listed as endangered. Little is known about most of these species. The objective of this study was to identify factors that affect the abundance and distribution of Metabetaeus lohena (Alpheidae), an uncommon species found across the Hawaiian Archipelago, at Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, Island of Hawai‘i. This park supports the highest concentration of anchialine pools in the State of Hawai‘i and is critical to protecting this threatened ecosystem. During 2017, we measured the density of M. lohena during nighttime surveys, as well as a variety of other biological, physical, and chemical parameters, in 130 pools. Metabetaeus lohena occupied 71.5% of the pools surveyed, with a mean density of 7.32 individuals/m2 (95% CI = 5.14–9.49). Invasive fish and the endemic shrimp Halocaridina rubra (Atyidae) had the strongest effects on M. lohena density, with negative and positive relations, respectively. In the first estimate of M. lohena density at this scale, our data indicate that Kaloko-Honokōhau supports about 11,480 shrimp (95% CI = 8,054–14,906) in the pools surveyed. Furthermore, our models predict that this park could support an additional 1,695 individuals (95% CI = 955–3,008) for a population of about 13,175 shrimp if fish were removed from 19 pools in which M. lohena are absent.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawai‘i Press","doi":"10.2984/78.1.3","usgsCitation":"Peck, R., Nash, S., and Camp, R.J., 2024, Factors affecting the density of Metabetaeus lohena (Decapoda: Alpheidae) at a high-density anchialine pool environment on the Kona Coast of the Island of Hawai‘i: Pacific Science, v. 78, no. 1, p. 31-50, https://doi.org/10.2984/78.1.3.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"50","ipdsId":"IP-158801","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":464700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kona Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.05239248373394,\n 19.71137367174458\n ],\n [\n -156.04044158152044,\n 19.60032938069341\n ],\n [\n -155.96873616824,\n 19.60032938069341\n ],\n [\n -155.9767034363823,\n 19.712874064167337\n ],\n [\n -156.05239248373394,\n 19.71137367174458\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peck, Robert W. 0000-0002-8739-9493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-9493","contributorId":193088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peck","given":"Robert W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":920103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nash, Sarah","contributorId":300993,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nash","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[{"id":13341,"text":"Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Camp, Richard J. 0000-0001-7008-923X rick_camp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-923X","contributorId":189964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard","email":"rick_camp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}