{"pageNumber":"127","pageRowStart":"3150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10457,"records":[{"id":70168792,"text":"70168792 - 2016 - Quantitative framework for preferential flow initiation and partitioning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-03T10:38:45","indexId":"70168792","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-03T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative framework for preferential flow initiation and partitioning","docAbstract":"<p><span>A model for preferential flow in macropores is based on the short-range spatial distribution of soil matrix infiltrability. It uses elementary areas at two different scales. One is the traditional representative elementary area (REA), which includes a sufficient heterogeneity to typify larger areas, as for measuring field-scale infiltrability. The other, called an elementary matrix area (EMA), is smaller, but large enough to represent the local infiltrability of soil matrix material, between macropores. When water is applied to the land surface, each EMA absorbs water up to the rate of its matrix infiltrability. Excess water flows into a macropore, becoming preferential flow. The land surface then can be represented by a mesoscale (EMA-scale) distribution of matrix infiltrabilities. Total preferential flow at a given depth is the sum of contributions from all EMAs. Applying the model, one case study with multi-year field measurements of both preferential and diffuse fluxes at a specific depth was used to obtain parameter values by inverse calculation. The results quantify the preferential&ndash;diffuse partition of flow from individual storms that differed in rainfall amount, intensity, antecedent soil water, and other factors. Another case study provided measured values of matrix infiltrability to estimate parameter values for comparison and illustrative predictions. These examples give a self-consistent picture from the combination of parameter values, directions of sensitivities, and magnitudes of differences caused by different variables. One major practical use of this model is to calculate the dependence of preferential flow on climate-related factors, such as varying soil wetness and rainfall intensity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/vzj2015.05.0079","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., 2016, Quantitative framework for preferential flow initiation and partitioning: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 15, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2015.05.0079.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069590","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318537,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56d96034e4b015c306f726de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70173797,"text":"70173797 - 2016 - Sex-based differences in Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) chick growth rates.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-10T12:25:59","indexId":"70173797","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-02T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sex-based differences in Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) chick growth rates.","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sexually size-dimorphic species must show some difference between the sexes in growth rate and/or length of growing period. Such differences in growth parameters can cause the sexes to be impacted by environmental variability in different ways, and understanding these differences allows a better understanding of patterns in productivity between individuals and populations. We investigated differences in growth rate and diet between male and female Ad&eacute;lie Penguin (</span><i>Pygoscelis adeliae</i><span>) chicks during two breeding seasons at Cape Crozier, Ross Island, Antarctica. Ad&eacute;lie Penguins are a slightly dimorphic species, with adult males averaging larger than adult females in mass (~11%) as well as bill (~8%) and flipper length (~3%). We measured mass and length of flipper, bill, tibiotarsus, and foot at 5-day intervals for 45 male and 40 female individually-marked chicks. Chick sex was molecularly determined from feathers. We used linear mixed effects models to estimate daily growth rate as a function of chick sex, while controlling for hatching order, brood size, year, and potential variation in breeding quality between pairs of parents. Accounting for season and hatching order, male chicks gained mass an average of 15.6 g d</span><span>-1</span><span>&nbsp;faster than females. Similarly, growth in bill length was faster for males, and the calculated bill size difference at fledging was similar to that observed in adults. There was no evidence for sex-based differences in growth of other morphological features. Ad&eacute;lie diet at Ross Island is composed almost entirely of two species&mdash;one krill (</span><i>Euphausia crystallorophias</i><span>) and one fish (</span><i>Pleuragramma antarctica</i><span>), with fish having a higher caloric value. Using isotopic analyses of feather samples, we also determined that male chicks were fed a higher proportion of fish than female chicks. The related differences in provisioning and growth rates of male and female offspring provides a greater understanding of the ways in which ecological factors may impact the two sexes differently.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Crossmark","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0149090","usgsCitation":"Jennings, S., Varsani, A., Dugger, K., Ballard, G., and Ainley, D.G., 2016, Sex-based differences in Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) chick growth rates.: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 3, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149090.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061214","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149090","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Ross Island, Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              165.19592285156247,\n              -78.07788665318229\n            ],\n            [\n              165.19592285156247,\n              -77.06157599262296\n            ],\n            [\n              170.4913330078125,\n              -77.06157599262296\n            ],\n            [\n              170.4913330078125,\n              -78.07788665318229\n            ],\n            [\n              165.19592285156247,\n              -78.07788665318229\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575be4ade4b04f417c27f548","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, Scott","contributorId":171721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jennings","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Varsani, Arvind","contributorId":171722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Varsani","given":"Arvind","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dugger, Katie M. 0000-0002-4148-246X cdugger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-246X","contributorId":4399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Katie","email":"cdugger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ballard, Grant","contributorId":40499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballard","given":"Grant","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ainley, David G.","contributorId":32039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ainley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":34154,"text":"Point Reyes Bird Observatory, Stinson Beach, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70168783,"text":"70168783 - 2016 - Comparative evaluation of statistical and mechanistic models of Escherichia coli at beaches in southern Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T15:54:40.292443","indexId":"70168783","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-02T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Comparative evaluation of statistical and mechanistic models of <i>Escherichia coli</i> at beaches in southern Lake Michigan","title":"Comparative evaluation of statistical and mechanistic models of Escherichia coli at beaches in southern Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"<p><span>Statistical and mechanistic models are popular tools for predicting the levels of indicator bacteria at recreational beaches. Researchers tend to use one class of model or the other, and it is difficult to generalize statements about their relative performance due to differences in how the models are developed, tested, and used. We describe a cooperative modeling approach for freshwater beaches impacted by point sources in which insights derived from mechanistic modeling were used to further improve the statistical models and vice versa. The statistical models provided a basis for assessing the mechanistic models which were further improved using probability distributions to generate high-resolution time series data at the source, long-term &ldquo;tracer&rdquo; transport modeling based on observed electrical conductivity, better assimilation of meteorological data, and the use of unstructured-grids to better resolve nearshore features. This approach resulted in improved models of comparable performance for both classes including a parsimonious statistical model suitable for real-time predictions based on an easily measurable environmental variable (turbidity). The modeling approach outlined here can be used at other sites impacted by point sources and has the potential to improve water quality predictions resulting in more accurate estimates of beach closures.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b05378","usgsCitation":"Safaie, A., Wendzel, A., Ge, Z., Nevers, M., Whitman, R.L., Corsi, S., and Phanikumar, M., 2016, Comparative evaluation of statistical and mechanistic models of Escherichia coli at beaches in southern Lake Michigan: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 50, no. 5, p. 2442-2449, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05378.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2442","endPage":"2449","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069953","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318495,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan, Ogden Dunes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.1,\n              41.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.1,\n              41.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.25,\n              41.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.25,\n              41.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.1,\n              41.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56d80ea9e4b015c306f5e9ec","chorus":{"doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b05378","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05378","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","authors":"Safaie Ammar, Wendzel Aaron, Ge Zhongfu, Nevers Meredith B., Whitman Richard L., Corsi Steven R., Phanikumar Mantha S.","journalName":"Environmental Science & Technology","publicationDate":"3/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Safaie, Ammar","contributorId":167285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Safaie","given":"Ammar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wendzel, Aaron","contributorId":167286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wendzel","given":"Aaron","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ge, Zhongfu","contributorId":139463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ge","given":"Zhongfu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12773,"text":"American Bureau of Shipping, Corporate Marine Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nevers, Meredith 0000-0001-6963-6734 mnevers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6963-6734","contributorId":2013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"Meredith","email":"mnevers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Corsi, Steven R. srcorsi@usgs.gov","contributorId":150657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"Steven R.","email":"srcorsi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":621749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Phanikumar, Mantha S.","contributorId":17888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phanikumar","given":"Mantha S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70169107,"text":"70169107 - 2016 - Effect of wastewater treatment facility closure on endocrine disrupting chemicals in a Coastal Plain stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-10T10:05:13","indexId":"70169107","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-02T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3249,"text":"Remediation Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of wastewater treatment facility closure on endocrine disrupting chemicals in a Coastal Plain stream","docAbstract":"<p><span>Wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) closures are rare environmental remediation events; offering unique insight into contaminant persistence, long-term wastewater impacts, and ecosystem recovery processes. The U.S. Geological Survey assessed the fate of select endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) in surface water and streambed sediment one year before and one year after closure of a long-term WWTF located within the Spirit Creek watershed at Fort Gordon, Georgia. Sample sites included a WWTF-effluent control located upstream from the outfall, three downstream effluent-impacted sites located between the outfall and Spirit Lake, and one downstream from the lake's outfall. Prior to closure, the 2.2-km stream segment downstream from the WWTF outfall was characterized by EDC concentrations significantly higher (</span><i>&alpha;</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.05) than at the control site; indicating substantial downstream transport and limited in-stream attenuation of EDC, including pharmaceuticals, estrogens, alkylphenol ethoxylate (APE) metabolites, and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFR). Wastewater-derived pharmaceutical, APE metabolites, and OPFR compounds were also detected in the outflow of Spirit Lake, indicating the potential for EDC transport to aquatic ecosystems downstream of Fort Gordon under effluent discharge conditions. After the WWTF closure, no significant differences in concentrations or numbers of detected EDC compounds were observed between control and downstream locations. The results indicated EDC pseudo-persistence under preclosure, continuous supply conditions, with rapid attenuation following WWTF closure. Low concentrations of EDC at the control site throughout the study and comparable concentrations in downstream locations after WWTF closure indicated additional, continuing, upstream contaminant sources within the Spirit Creek watershed.&thinsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1002/rem.21455","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., Journey, C.A., and Clark, J.M., 2016, Effect of wastewater treatment facility closure on endocrine disrupting chemicals in a Coastal Plain stream: Remediation Journal, v. 26, no. 2, p. 9-24, https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.21455.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071584","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ed26b0e4b0f59b85db09f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":622959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Jimmy M. 0000-0002-3138-5738 jmclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-5738","contributorId":4773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Jimmy","email":"jmclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70169060,"text":"70169060 - 2016 - Development and application of freshwater sediment-toxicity benchmarks for currently used pesticides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-08T10:30:49","indexId":"70169060","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-01T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and application of freshwater sediment-toxicity benchmarks for currently used pesticides","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sediment-toxicity benchmarks are needed to interpret the biological significance of currently used pesticides detected in whole sediments. Two types of freshwater sediment benchmarks for pesticides were developed using spiked-sediment bioassay (SSB) data from the literature. These benchmarks can be used to interpret sediment-toxicity data or to assess the potential toxicity of pesticides in whole sediment. The Likely Effect Benchmark (LEB) defines a pesticide concentration in whole sediment above which there is a high probability of adverse effects on benthic invertebrates, and the Threshold Effect Benchmark (TEB) defines a concentration below which adverse effects are unlikely. For compounds without available SSBs, benchmarks were estimated using equilibrium partitioning (EqP). When a sediment sample contains a pesticide mixture, benchmark quotients can be summed for all detected pesticides to produce an indicator of potential toxicity for that mixture. Benchmarks were developed for 48 pesticide compounds using SSB data and 81 compounds using the EqP approach. In an example application, data for pesticides measured in sediment from 197 streams across the United States were evaluated using these benchmarks, and compared to measured toxicity from whole-sediment toxicity tests conducted with the amphipod&nbsp;</span><i>Hyalella azteca&nbsp;</i><span>(28-d exposures) and the midge&nbsp;</span><i>Chironomus dilutus</i><span>&nbsp;(10-d exposures). Amphipod survival, weight, and biomass were significantly and inversely related to summed benchmark quotients, whereas midge survival, weight, and biomass showed no relationship to benchmarks. Samples with LEB exceedances were rare (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;3), but all were toxic to amphipods (i.e., significantly different from control). Significant toxicity to amphipods was observed for 72% of samples exceeding one or more TEBs, compared to 18% of samples below all TEBs. Factors affecting toxicity below TEBs may include the presence of contaminants other than pesticides, physical/chemical characteristics of sediment, and uncertainty in TEB values. Additional evaluations of benchmarks in relation to sediment chemistry and toxicity are ongoing.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.081","usgsCitation":"Nowell, L.H., Norman, J.E., Ingersoll, C.G., and Moran, P.W., 2016, Development and application of freshwater sediment-toxicity benchmarks for currently used pesticides: Science of the Total Environment, v. 550, p. 835-850, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.081.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"835","endPage":"850","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069668","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318863,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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jnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2820-6225","contributorId":3832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Julia","email":"jnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moran, Patrick W. 0000-0002-2002-3539 pwmoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2002-3539","contributorId":489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Patrick","email":"pwmoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70169141,"text":"70169141 - 2016 - Available data support protection of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher under the Endangered Species Act","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-22T09:27:28","indexId":"70169141","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Available data support protection of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher under the Endangered Species Act","docAbstract":"<p><a class=\"ref\">Zink (2015)</a><span>&nbsp;argued there was no evidence for genetic, morphological, or ecological differentiation between the federally endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (</span><i><i>Empidonax traillii</i>&nbsp;extimus</i><span>) and other Willow Flycatcher subspecies. Using the same data, we show there is a step-cline in both the frequency of a mtDNA haplotype and in plumage variation roughly concordant with the currently recognized boundary between&nbsp;</span><i>E. t. extimus</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>E. t adastus,</i><span>&nbsp;the subspecies with which it shares the longest common boundary. The geographical pattern of plumage variation is also concordant with previous song analyses differentiating those 2 subspecies and identified birds in one low-latitude, high-elevation site in Arizona as the northern subspecies. We also demonstrate that the ecological niche modeling approach used by Zink yields the same result whether applied to the 2 flycatcher subspecies or to 2 unrelated species,&nbsp;</span><i>E. t. extimus</i><span>&nbsp;and Yellow Warbler (</span><i>Setophaga petechia</i><span>). As a result, any interpretation of those results as evidence for lack of ecological niche differentiation among Willow Flycatcher subspecies would also indicate no differentiation among recognized species and would therefore be an inappropriate standard for delineating subspecies. We agree that many analytical techniques now available to examine genetic, morphological, and ecological differentiation would improve our understanding of the distinctness (or lack thereof) of Willow Flycatcher subspecies, but we argue that currently available evidence supports protection of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher under the Endangered Species Act.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Santa Clara, CA","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-15-71.1","usgsCitation":"Theimer, T.C., Smith, A.D., Mahoney, S.M., and Ironside, K.E., 2016, Available data support protection of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher under the Endangered Species Act: The Condor, v. 118, no. 2, p. 289-299, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-15-71.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066001","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-15-71.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":319185,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f26caee4b0f59b85decbf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Theimer, Tad C.","contributorId":72073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theimer","given":"Tad","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Aaron D.","contributorId":167702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":24810,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mahoney, Sean M.","contributorId":167703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mahoney","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24810,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ironside, Kirsten E. 0000-0003-1166-3793 kironside@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-3793","contributorId":3379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ironside","given":"Kirsten","email":"kironside@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70169276,"text":"70169276 - 2016 - Habitat use and foraging patterns of molting male Long-tailed Ducks in lagoons of the central Beaufort Sea, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-16T21:09:50","indexId":"70169276","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use and foraging patterns of molting male Long-tailed Ducks in lagoons of the central Beaufort Sea, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>From mid-July through September, 10 000 to 30 000 Long-tailed Ducks (</span><i>Clangula hyemalis</i><span>) use the lagoon systems of the central Beaufort Sea for remigial molt. Little is known about their foraging behavior and patterns of habitat use during this flightless period. We used radio transmitters to track male Long-tailed Ducks through the molt period from 2000 to 2002 in three lagoons: one adjacent to industrial oil field development and activity and two in areas without industrial activity. We found that an index to time spent foraging generally increased through the molt period. Foraging, habitat use, and home range size showed similar patterns, but those patterns were highly variable among lagoons and across years. Even with continuous daylight during the study period, birds tended to use offshore areas during the day for feeding and roosted in protected nearshore waters at night. We suspect that variability in behaviors associated with foraging, habitat use, and home range size are likely influenced by availability of invertebrate prey. Proximity to oil field activity did not appear to affect foraging behaviors of molting Long-tailed Ducks.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","publisherLocation":"Montreal","doi":"10.14430/arctic4544","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Reed, J.A., Deborah Lacroix, and Lanctot, R., 2016, Habitat use and foraging patterns of molting male Long-tailed Ducks in lagoons of the central Beaufort Sea, Alaska: Arctic, v. 69, no. 1, p. 19-28, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic4544.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061193","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f50fc9e4b0f59b85e1eb68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, John A. 0000-0002-3239-6906 jareed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3239-6906","contributorId":127683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"John","email":"jareed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deborah Lacroix","contributorId":167765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deborah Lacroix","affiliations":[{"id":24824,"text":"Ecofish Research Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanctot, Richard","contributorId":167766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5128,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70159782,"text":"70159782 - 2016 - Breeding sites and winter site fidelity of Piping Plovers wintering in The Bahamas, a previously unknown major wintering area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:01:57","indexId":"70159782","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding sites and winter site fidelity of Piping Plovers wintering in The Bahamas, a previously unknown major wintering area","docAbstract":"<p><span>Most of the known wintering areas of Piping Plovers (</span><i>Charadrius melodus</i><span>) are along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States and into Mexico, and in the Caribbean. However, 1066 threatened/endangered Piping Plovers were recently found wintering in The Bahamas, an area not previously known to be important for the species. Although representing about 27% of the birds counted during the 2011 International Piping Plover Winter Census, the location of their breeding site(s) was unknown. Thus, our objectives were to determine the location(s) of their breeding site(s) using molecular markers and by tracking banded individuals, identify spring and fall staging sites, and examine site fidelity and survival. We captured and color-banded 57 birds in January and February 2010 in The Bahamas. Blood samples were also collected for genetic evaluation of the likely subspecies wintering in The Bahamas. Band re-sightings and DNA analysis revealed that at least 95% of the Piping Plovers wintering in The Bahamas originated on the Atlantic coast of the United States and Canada. Re-sightings of birds banded in The Bahamas spanned the breeding distribution of the species along the Atlantic coast from Newfoundland to North Carolina. Site fidelity to breeding and wintering sites was high (88&ndash;100%). Spring and fall staging sites were located along the Atlantic coast of the United States, with marked birds concentrating in the Carolinas. Our estimate of true survival for the marked birds was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.61&ndash;0.80). Our results indicate that more than one third of the Piping Plover population that breeds along the Atlantic coast winters in The Bahamas. By determining the importance of The Bahamas to the Atlantic subspecies of Piping Plovers, future conservation efforts for these populations can be better focused on where they are most needed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jofo.12131","usgsCitation":"Gratto-Trevor, C., Haig, S.M., Miller, M., Mullins, T.D., Maddock, S., Roche, E.A., and Moore, P., 2016, Breeding sites and winter site fidelity of Piping Plovers wintering in The Bahamas, a previously unknown major wintering area: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 87, no. 1, p. 29-41, https://doi.org/10.1111/jofo.12131.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"41","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066880","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577642aee4b07dd077c873f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gratto-Trevor, Cheri","contributorId":58539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gratto-Trevor","given":"Cheri","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Mark P. mpmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":138965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark P.","email":"mpmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":641429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mullins, Thomas D. 0000-0001-8948-9604 tom_mullins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-9604","contributorId":3615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"Thomas","email":"tom_mullins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":641430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maddock, Sidney","contributorId":172620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maddock","given":"Sidney","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roche, Erin A. eroche@usgs.gov","contributorId":5558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roche","given":"Erin","email":"eroche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moore, Predensa","contributorId":172621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Predensa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70175547,"text":"70175547 - 2016 - Elevation dynamics in a restored versus a submerging salt marsh in Long Island Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T13:35:50","indexId":"70175547","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevation dynamics in a restored versus a submerging salt marsh in Long Island Sound","docAbstract":"<p><span>Accelerated sea-level rise (SLR) poses the threat of salt marsh submergence, especially in marshes that are relatively low-lying. At the same time, restoration efforts are producing new low-lying marshes, many of which are thriving and avoiding submergence. To understand the causes of these different fates, we studied two Long Island Sound marshes: one that is experiencing submergence and mudflat expansion, and one that is undergoing successful restoration. We examined sedimentation using a variety of methods, each of which captures different time periods and different aspects of marsh elevation change: surface-elevation tables, marker horizons, sediment cores, and sediment traps. We also studied marsh hydrology, productivity, respiration, nutrient content, and suspended sediment. We found that, despite the expansion of mudflat in the submerging marsh, the areas that remain vegetated have been gaining elevation at roughly the rate of SLR over the last 10 years. However, this elevation gain was only possible thanks to an increase in belowground volume, which may be a temporary response to waterlogging. In addition, accretion rates in the first half of the twentieth century were much lower than current rates, so century-scale accretion in the submerging marsh was lower than SLR. In contrast, at the restored marsh, accretion rates are now averaging about 10&nbsp;mm&nbsp;yr</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;(several times the rate of SLR), much higher than before restoration. The main cause of the different trajectories at the two marshes appeared to be the availability of suspended sediment, which was much higher in the restored marsh. We considered and rejected alternative hypotheses, including differences in tidal flooding, plant productivity, and nutrient loading. In the submerging marsh, suspended and deposited sediment had relatively high organic content, which may be a useful indicator of sediment starvation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2016.01.017","usgsCitation":"Anisfeld, S.C., Hill, T.D., and Cahoon, D.R., 2016, Elevation dynamics in a restored versus a submerging salt marsh in Long Island Sound: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 170, p. 145-154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.01.017.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"154","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064523","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326583,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"170","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b43943e4b03bcb01039fb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anisfeld, Shimon C.","contributorId":173724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anisfeld","given":"Shimon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Troy D.","contributorId":150000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hill","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":17883,"text":"Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, CT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667 dcahoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":3791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"dcahoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70192496,"text":"70192496 - 2016 - Updating movement estimates for American black ducks (Anas rubripes)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-28T14:50:49","indexId":"70192496","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3840,"text":"PeerJ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Updating movement estimates for American black ducks (Anas rubripes)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding migratory connectivity for species of concern is of great importance if we are to implement management aimed at conserving them. New methods are improving our understanding of migration; however, banding (ringing) data is by far the most widely available and accessible movement data for researchers. Here, we use band recovery data for American black ducks (</span><i>Anas rubripes</i><span>) from 1951–2011 and analyze their movement among seven management regions using a hierarchical Bayesian framework. We showed that black ducks generally exhibit flyway fidelity, and that many black ducks, regardless of breeding region, stopover or overwinter on the Atlantic coast of the United States. We also show that a non-trivial portion of the continental black duck population either does not move at all or moves to the north during the fall migration (they typically move to the south). The results of this analysis will be used in a projection modeling context to evaluate how habitat or harvest management actions in one region would propagate throughout the continental population of black ducks. This analysis may provide a guide for future research and help inform management efforts for black ducks as well as other migratory species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7717/peerj.1787","usgsCitation":"Robinson, O.J., McGowan, C.P., and Devers, P.K., 2016, Updating movement estimates for American black ducks (Anas rubripes): PeerJ, v. 4, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1787.","productDescription":"e1787; 11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-064925","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1787","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fd7ae4b06e28e9c24ef4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Orin J.","contributorId":167172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Orin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":33694,"text":"School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGowan, Conor P. 0000-0002-7330-9581 cmcgowan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-9581","contributorId":167162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"Conor","email":"cmcgowan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Devers, Patrick K.","contributorId":167173,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Devers","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70170602,"text":"70170602 - 2016 - Afterslip behavior following the M6.0, 2014 South Napa earthquake with implications for afterslip forecasting on other seismogenic faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T10:36:46","indexId":"70170602","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Afterslip behavior following the M6.0, 2014 South Napa earthquake with implications for afterslip forecasting on other seismogenic faults","docAbstract":"The M6.0, 24 Aug. 2014 South Napa, California, earthquake exhibited unusually large slip for a California strike-slip event of its size with a maximum coseismic surface slip of 40-50 cm in the north section of the 15 km-long rupture. Although only minor (<10 cm) surface slip occurred coseismically in the southern 9-km section of the rupture, there was considerable postseismic slip, so that the maximum total slip one year after the event approached 40-50 cm, about equal to the coseismic maximum in the north. We measured the accumulation of postseismic surface slip on four, ~100-m-long alignment arrays for one year following the event. Because prolonged afterslip can delay reconstruction of fault-damaged buildings and infrastructure, we analyzed its gradual decay to estimate when significant afterslip would likely end. This forecasting of Napa afterslip suggests how we might approach the scientific and engineering challenges of afterslip from a much larger M~7 earthquake anticipated on the nearby, urban Hayward Fault. However, we expect its afterslip to last much longer than one year.The M6.0, 24 Aug. 2014 South Napa, California, earthquake exhibited unusually large slip for a California strike-slip event of its size with a maximum coseismic surface slip of 40-50 cm in the north section of the 15 km-long rupture. Although only minor (<10 cm) surface slip occurred coseismically in the southern 9-km section of the rupture, there was considerable postseismic slip, so that the maximum total slip one year after the event approached 40-50 cm, about equal to the coseismic maximum in the north. We measured the accumulation of postseismic surface slip on four, ~100-m-long alignment arrays for one year following the event. Because prolonged afterslip can delay reconstruction of fault-damaged buildings and infrastructure, we analyzed its gradual decay to estimate when significant afterslip would likely end. This forecasting of Napa afterslip suggests how we might approach the scientific and engineering challenges of afterslip from a much larger M~7 earthquake anticipated on the nearby, urban Hayward Fault. However, we expect its afterslip to last much longer than one year.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220150262","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., DeLong, S.B., Domrose, C.J., and Rosa, C.M., 2016, Afterslip behavior following the M6.0, 2014 South Napa earthquake with implications for afterslip forecasting on other seismogenic faults: Seismological Research Letters, v. 87, no. 3, p. 609-619, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150262.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"609","endPage":"619","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069375","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South Napa","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.40393066406249,\n              36.94550173495345\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.40393066406249,\n              38.64261790634527\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.39343261718749,\n              38.64261790634527\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.39343261718749,\n              36.94550173495345\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.40393066406249,\n              36.94550173495345\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5723342be4b0b13d39148cbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeLong, Stephen B. 0000-0002-0945-2172 sdelong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-2172","contributorId":5240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"Stephen","email":"sdelong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Domrose, Carolyn J","contributorId":168954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Domrose","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":6690,"text":"San Francisco State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosa, Carla M. crosa@usgs.gov","contributorId":5306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosa","given":"Carla","email":"crosa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174004,"text":"70174004 - 2016 - Structure of the Hat Creek graben region: Implications for the structure of the Hat Creek graben and transfer of right-lateral shear from the Walker Lane north of Lassen Peak, northern California, from gravity and magnetic anomalies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T15:07:19.642897","indexId":"70174004","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-29T02:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure of the Hat Creek graben region: Implications for the structure of the Hat Creek graben and transfer of right-lateral shear from the Walker Lane north of Lassen Peak, northern California, from gravity and magnetic anomalies","docAbstract":"<p>Interpretation of magnetic and new gravity data provides constraints on the geometry of the Hat Creek Fault, the amount of right-lateral offset in the area between Mt. Shasta and Lassen Peak, and confirmation of the influence of pre-existing structure on Quaternary faulting. Neogene volcanic rocks coincide with short-wavelength magnetic anomalies of both normal and reversed polarity, whereas a markedly smoother magnetic field occurs over the Klamath Mountains and its Paleogene cover. Although the magnetic field over the Neogene volcanic rocks is complex, the Hat Creek Fault, which is one of the most prominent normal faults in the region and forms the eastern margin of the Hat Creek Valley, is marked by the eastern edge of a north-trending magnetic and gravity high 20-30 km long. Modeling of these anomalies indicates that the fault is a steeply dipping (~75-85&deg;) structure. The spatial relationship of the fault as modeled by the potential-field data, the youngest strand of the fault, and relocated seismicity suggests that deformation continues to step westward across the valley, consistent with a component of right-lateral slip in an extensional environment. Filtered aeromagnetic data highlight a concealed magnetic body of Mesozoic or older age north of Hat Creek Valley. The body&rsquo;s northwest margin strikes northeast and is linear over a distance of ~40 km. Within the resolution of the aeromagnetic data (1-2 km), we discern no right-lateral offset of this body. Furthermore, Quaternary faults change strike or appear to end, as if to avoid this concealed magnetic body and to pass along its southeast edge, suggesting that pre-existing crustal structure influenced younger faulting, as previously proposed based on gravity data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/GES01253.1","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Jachens, R.C., Clynne, M.A., and Muffler, L.P., 2016, Structure of the Hat Creek graben region: Implications for the structure of the Hat Creek graben and transfer of right-lateral shear from the Walker Lane north of Lassen Peak, northern California, from gravity and magnetic anomalies: Geosphere, v. 12, no. 3, p. 790-808, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01253.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"790","endPage":"808","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066621","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01253.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.60791015625,\n              40.38002840251183\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.091796875,\n              40.36328834091583\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.98193359375,\n              39.16414104768742\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.12548828124999,\n              36.949891786813296\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.08154296875001,\n              35.24561909420681\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.78369140624999,\n              39.16414104768742\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.60791015625,\n              40.38002840251183\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576bb6bde4b07657d1a2295e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":151042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muffler, L.J. Patrick 0000-0001-6638-7218 pmuffler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6638-7218","contributorId":3322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muffler","given":"L.J.","email":"pmuffler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70168725,"text":"70168725 - 2016 - Distribution and diversity of tunicates utilizing eelgrass as substrate in the western North Atlantic between 39° and 47° north latitude (New Jersey to Newfoundland)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-26T15:54:52","indexId":"70168725","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-26T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2655,"text":"Management of Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and diversity of tunicates utilizing eelgrass as substrate in the western North Atlantic between 39° and 47° north latitude (New Jersey to Newfoundland)","docAbstract":"<p>Seagrass meadows are ecologically important habitats that are declining globally at an accelerating rate due to natural and anthropogenic stressors. Their decline is a serious concern as this habitat provides many ecosystem services. Eelgrass (<i>Zostera marina</i>) is the dominant seagrass species in the western North Atlantic. It has recently been established that invasive tunicate species possibly threaten the health of eelgrass beds. Colonization of eelgrass leaves by tunicates can inhibit eelgrass growth and may cause shoot mortality. To document the distribution and diversity of tunicate species that attach to eelgrass in the western North Atlantic, we surveyed twenty-one eelgrass sites from New Jersey to Newfoundland. Eight species of tunicates were found to be colonizing eelgrass, of which 6 are considered invasive. <i>Botrylloides violaceus</i> and <i>Botryllus schlosseri</i> were most commonly attached to eelgrass, with <i>B. schlosseri</i> having the largest latitudinal range of any species. Tunicate faunas attached to eelgrass were less diverse north of Gloucester, Massachusetts, where individual survey sites exhibited two species at most and only 4 of the 8 species observed in this study. Percent tunicate cover on eelgrass tended to fall within the 1&ndash;25 range, with occasional coverage up to &gt;75&ndash;100. Density of eelgrass was highly variable among sites, ranging from &lt;1 to 820 shoots/m&sup2;. The solitary tunicate <i>Ciona intestinalis</i> was only found on eelgrass at the highest latitude sampled, in Newfoundland, where it is a new invader. The tunicates observed in this study, both solitary and colonial, are viable when attached to eelgrass and pose a potential threat to overgrow and weaken seagrass shoots and reduce the sustainability of seagrass meadows.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Management of Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2016.7.1.07","collaboration":"Mary R. Carman; Philip D. Colarusso; Eric P. Nelson; David W. Grunden; Melisa C. Wong; Cynthia McKenzie; Kyle Matheson; Jeff Davidson; Sophia Fox; Holly Bayley; Stephen Schott; Jennifer A. Dijkstra; Sarah Stewart-Clark","usgsCitation":"Carman, M.R., Colarusso, P.D., Nelson, E.P., Grunden, D., Wong, M., McKenzie, C., Matheson, K., Davidson, J.G., Fox, S., Neckles, H.A., Bayley, H., Schott, S., Dijkstra, J.A., and Stewart-Clark, S., 2016, Distribution and diversity of tunicates utilizing eelgrass as substrate in the western North Atlantic between 39° and 47° north latitude (New Jersey to Newfoundland): Management of Biological Invasions, v. 7, no. 1, p. 51-57, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2016.7.1.07.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068450","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2016.7.1.07","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318400,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.4541015625,\n              38.548165423046584\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.4541015625,\n              50.90303283111257\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.12988281249999,\n              50.90303283111257\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.12988281249999,\n              38.548165423046584\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.4541015625,\n              38.548165423046584\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56d17729e4b015c306eeebbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carman, M R","contributorId":167219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carman","given":"M","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colarusso, Phillip D","contributorId":167220,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colarusso","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":12772,"text":"USEPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Eric P","contributorId":167221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":12772,"text":"USEPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grunden, David W","contributorId":167222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grunden","given":"David W","affiliations":[{"id":24648,"text":"Oak Bluffs Shellfish Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wong, Melisa C","contributorId":167223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wong","given":"Melisa C","affiliations":[{"id":13677,"text":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McKenzie, Cynthia","contributorId":167224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Cynthia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13677,"text":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Matheson, Kyle","contributorId":167225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matheson","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13677,"text":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Davidson, Jeffrey G.","contributorId":35367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fox, Sophia","contributorId":167226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"Sophia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20307,"text":"US National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Neckles, Hilary A. 0000-0002-5662-2314 hneckles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-2314","contributorId":3821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neckles","given":"Hilary","email":"hneckles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bayley, Holly","contributorId":167227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bayley","given":"Holly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20307,"text":"US National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Schott, Stephen","contributorId":167228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schott","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24649,"text":"Cornell University Cooperative Extension","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Dijkstra, Jennifer A","contributorId":167229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dijkstra","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":12667,"text":"University of New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Stewart-Clark, Sarah","contributorId":167230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart-Clark","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24650,"text":"Dalhousie University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70173794,"text":"70173794 - 2016 - Potential foraging decisions by a desert ungulate to balance water and nutrient intake in a water-stressed environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-10T13:21:40","indexId":"70173794","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-19T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential foraging decisions by a desert ungulate to balance water and nutrient intake in a water-stressed environment","docAbstract":"<p><span>Arid climates have unpredictable precipitation patterns, and wildlife managers often provide supplemental water to help desert ungulates endure the hottest, driest periods. When surface water is unavailable, the only source of water for ungulates comes from the forage they consume, and they must make resourceful foraging decisions to meet their requirements. We compared two desert bighorn sheep (</span><i>Ovis canadensis nelsoni</i><span>) populations in Arizona, USA: a treatment population with supplemental water removed during treatment, and a control population. We examined whether sheep altered their seasonal diets without supplemental water. We calculated water and nutrient intake and metabolic water production from dry matter intake and forage moisture and nitrogen content, to determine whether sheep could meet their seasonal daily water and nutrient requirements solely from forage. Diets of sheep were higher in protein (all seasons) and moisture (autumn and winter) during treatment compared to pretreatment. During treatment, sheep diet composition was similar between the treatment and control populations, which suggests, under the climatic conditions of this study, water removal did not influence sheep diets. We estimated that under drought conditions, without any surface water available (although small ephemeral potholes would contain water after rains), female and male sheep would be unable to meet their daily water requirements in all seasons, except winter, when reproductive females had a nitrogen deficit. We determined that sheep could achieve water and nutrient balances in all seasons by shifting their total diet proportions by 8&ndash;55% from lower to higher moisture and nitrogen forage species. We elucidate how seasonal forage quality and foraging decisions by desert ungulates allow them to cope with their xeric and uncertain environment, and suggest that, with the forage conditions observed in our study area during this study period, providing supplemental water during water-stressed periods may not be necessary for desert bighorn sheep.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"CrossMark","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0148795","usgsCitation":"Gedir, J.V., Cain, J.W., Krausman, P.R., Allen, J.D., Duff, G.C., and Morgart, J.R., 2016, Potential foraging decisions by a desert ungulate to balance water and nutrient intake in a water-stressed environment: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 2, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148795.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068854","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148795","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323455,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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III 0000-0003-4743-516X jwcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-516X","contributorId":4063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jwcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krausman, Paul R.","contributorId":31467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krausman","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Jamison D.","contributorId":171736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Jamison","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duff, Glenn C.","contributorId":171737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duff","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morgart, John R.","contributorId":10891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgart","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70168510,"text":"70168510 - 2016 - Fishing diseased abalone to promote yield and conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-18T09:29:57","indexId":"70168510","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-18T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3048,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fishing diseased abalone to promote yield and conservation","docAbstract":"<p>Past theoretical models suggest fishing disease-impacted stocks can reduce parasite transmission, but this is a good management strategy only when the exploitation required to reduce transmission does not overfish the stock. We applied this concept to a red abalone fishery so impacted by an infectious disease (withering syndrome) that stock densities plummeted and managers closed the fishery. In addition to the non-selective fishing strategy considered by past disease-fishing models, we modelled targeting (culling) infected individuals, which is plausible in red abalone because modern diagnostic tools can determine infection without harming landed abalone and the diagnostic cost is minor relative to the catch value. The non-selective abalone fishing required to eradicate parasites exceeded thresholds for abalone sustainability, but targeting infected abalone allowed the fishery to generate yield and reduce parasite prevalence while maintaining stock densities at or above the densities attainable if the population was closed to fishing. The effect was strong enough that stock and yield increased even when the catch was one-third uninfected abalone. These results could apply to other fisheries as the diagnostic costs decline relative to catch value.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2015.0211","usgsCitation":"Ben-Horin, T., Lafferty, K.D., Bidegain, G., and Lenihan, H.S., 2016, Fishing diseased abalone to promote yield and conservation: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 371, no. 1689, art20150211, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0211.","productDescription":"art20150211","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071571","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0211","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"371","issue":"1689","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c6eb28e4b0946c6523b0c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ben-Horin, Tal","contributorId":58137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ben-Horin","given":"Tal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bidegain, Gorka","contributorId":167008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bidegain","given":"Gorka","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13403,"text":"University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Biological Sciences, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lenihan, Hunter S.","contributorId":94227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenihan","given":"Hunter","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70168515,"text":"70168515 - 2016 - A review of precipitation and temperature control on seedling emergence and establishment for ponderosa and lodgepole pine forest regeneration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-17T14:57:55","indexId":"70168515","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-17T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of precipitation and temperature control on seedling emergence and establishment for ponderosa and lodgepole pine forest regeneration","docAbstract":"<p><span>The persistence of ponderosa pine and lodgepole pine forests in the 21st century depends to a large extent on how seedling emergence and establishment are influenced by driving climate and environmental variables, which largely govern forest regeneration. We surveyed the literature, and identified 96 publications that reported data on dependent variables of seedling emergence and/or establishment and one or more independent variables of air temperature, soil temperature, precipitation and moisture availability. Our review suggests that seedling emergence and establishment for both species is highest at intermediate temperatures (20&nbsp;to&nbsp;25&nbsp;&deg;C), and higher precipitation and higher moisture availability support a higher percentage of seedling emergence and establishment at daily, monthly and annual timescales. We found that ponderosa pine seedlings may be more sensitive to temperature fluctuations whereas lodgepole pine seedlings may be more sensitive to moisture fluctuations. In a changing climate, increasing temperatures and declining moisture availability may hinder forest persistence by limiting seedling processes. Yet, only 23 studies in our review investigated the effects of driving climate and environmental variables directly. Furthermore, 74 studies occurred in a laboratory or greenhouse, which do not often replicate the conditions experienced by tree seedlings in a field setting. It is therefore difficult to provide strong conclusions on how sensitive emergence and establishment in ponderosa and lodgepole pine are to these specific driving variables, or to investigate their potential aggregate effects. Thus, the effects of many driving variables on seedling processes remain largely inconclusive. Our review stresses the need for additional field and laboratory studies to better elucidate the effects of driving climate and environmental variables on seedling emergence and establishment for ponderosa and lodgepole pine.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2015.11.028","usgsCitation":"Petrie, M., Wildeman, A., Bradford, J.B., Hubbard, R., and Lauenroth, W., 2016, A review of precipitation and temperature control on seedling emergence and establishment for ponderosa and lodgepole pine forest regeneration: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 361, p. 328-338, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.11.028.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"328","endPage":"338","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070435","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318120,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"361","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c599a7e4b0946c6521eddd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petrie, Matthew mpetrie@usgs.gov","contributorId":167013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrie","given":"Matthew","email":"mpetrie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wildeman, A.M.","contributorId":167014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wildeman","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24594,"text":"(formerly): USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ 86011","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hubbard, R.M.","contributorId":167015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hubbard","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24595,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lauenroth, W.K.","contributorId":59755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauenroth","given":"W.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70168360,"text":"70168360 - 2016 - Reconstruction of late Holocene climate based on tree growth and mechanistic hierarchical models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-17T10:02:48","indexId":"70168360","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-17T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1577,"text":"Environmetrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstruction of late Holocene climate based on tree growth and mechanistic hierarchical models","docAbstract":"<p><span>Reconstruction of pre-instrumental, late Holocene climate is important for understanding how climate has changed in the past and how climate might change in the future. Statistical prediction of paleoclimate from tree ring widths is challenging because tree ring widths are a one-dimensional summary of annual growth that represents a multi-dimensional set of climatic and biotic influences. We develop a Bayesian hierarchical framework using a nonlinear, biologically motivated tree ring growth model to jointly reconstruct temperature and precipitation in the Hudson Valley, New York. Using a common growth function to describe the response of a tree to climate, we allow for species-specific parameterizations of the growth response. To enable predictive backcasts, we model the climate variables with a vector autoregressive process on an annual timescale coupled with a multivariate conditional autoregressive process that accounts for temporal correlation and cross-correlation between temperature and precipitation on a monthly scale. Our multi-scale temporal model allows for flexibility in the climate response through time at different temporal scales and predicts reasonable climate scenarios given tree ring width data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Environmetrics Society","doi":"10.1002/env.2368","usgsCitation":"Tipton, J., Hooten, M., Pederson, N., Tingley, M., and Bishop, D., 2016, Reconstruction of late Holocene climate based on tree growth and mechanistic hierarchical models: Environmetrics, v. 27, no. 1, p. 42-54, https://doi.org/10.1002/env.2368.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065402","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/env.2368","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c599abe4b0946c6521edf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tipton, John","contributorId":166999,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tipton","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":619800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pederson, Neil","contributorId":149422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pederson","given":"Neil","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17731,"text":"Research Scientist, Tree Ring Laboratory, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tingley, Martin","contributorId":167000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tingley","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bishop, Daniel","contributorId":141104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70173983,"text":"70173983 - 2016 - High-resolution seismic reflection imaging of growth folding and shallow faults beneath the Southern Puget Lowland, Washington State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T15:49:13","indexId":"70173983","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-17T06:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution seismic reflection imaging of growth folding and shallow faults beneath the Southern Puget Lowland, Washington State","docAbstract":"<p>Marine seismic reflection data from southern Puget Sound, Washington, were collected to investigate the nature of shallow structures associated with the Tacoma fault zone and the Olympia structure. Growth folding and probable Holocene surface deformation were imaged within the Tacoma fault zone beneath Case and Carr Inlets. Shallow faults near potential field anomalies associated with the Olympia structure were imaged beneath Budd and Eld Inlets. Beneath Case Inlet, the Tacoma fault zone includes an &sim;350-m wide section of south-dipping strata forming the upper part of a fold (kink band) coincident with the southern edge of an uplifted shoreline terrace. An &sim;2 m change in the depth of the water bottom, onlapping postglacial sediments, and increasing stratal dips with increasing depth are consistent with late Pleistocene to Holocene postglacial growth folding above a blind fault. Geologic data across a topographic lineament on nearby land indicate recent uplift of late Holocene age. Profiles acquired in Carr Inlet 10 km to the east of Case Inlet showed late Pleistocene or Holocene faulting at one location with &sim;3 to 4 m of vertical displacement, south side up. North of this fault the data show several other disruptions and reflector terminations that could mark faults within the broad Tacoma fault zone. Seismic reflection profiles across part of the Olympia structure beneath southern Puget Sound show two apparent faults about 160 m apart having 1 to 2 m of displacement of subhorizontal bedding. Directly beneath one of these faults, a dipping reflector that may mark the base of a glacial channel shows the opposite sense of throw, suggesting strike-slip motion. Deeper seismic reflection profiles show disrupted strata beneath these faults but little apparent vertical offset, consistent with strike-slip faulting. These faults and folds indicate that the Tacoma fault and Olympia structure include active structures with probable postglacial motion.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Albany, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120080306","usgsCitation":"Odum, J., Stephenson, W.J., Pratt, T.L., and Blakely, R.J., 2016, High-resolution seismic reflection imaging of growth folding and shallow faults beneath the Southern Puget Lowland, Washington State: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 100, no. 4, p. 1710-1723, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080306.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1710","endPage":"1723","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-076890","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080306","text":"External Repository"},{"id":324161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Island, Jefferson, King Kitsap, Mason, Pierce, San Juan, Skagit, Snohomish, Thurston, Whatcom","city":"Seattle","otherGeospatial":"Northwest coast of Washington State; part of the Saliah Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.86010742187499,\n              48.88639177703194\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.18969726562499,\n              48.672826384100354\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.18969726562499,\n              48.574789910928864\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.06884765625,\n              48.425555463221045\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.20068359374999,\n              48.23565029755306\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.4149169921875,\n              46.81885778879603\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.2176513671875,\n              46.90149244734082\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.3275146484375,\n              48.86832824998009\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.86010742187499,\n              48.88639177703194\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"100","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a653be4b07657d1a11db0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Odum, Jackson K. 0000-0003-4697-2430 odum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4697-2430","contributorId":1365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"Jackson K.","email":"odum@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pratt, Thomas L. 0000-0003-3131-3141 tpratt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-3141","contributorId":3279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thomas","email":"tpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70168721,"text":"70168721 - 2016 - Nutrients in the nexus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:09:51","indexId":"70168721","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-15T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5058,"text":"Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrients in the nexus","docAbstract":"<p><span>Synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer has enabled modern agriculture to greatly improve human nutrition during the twentieth century, but it has also created unintended human health and environmental pollution challenges for the twenty-first century. Averaged globally, about half of the fertilizer-N applied to farms is removed with the crops, while the other half remains in the soil or is lost from farmers&rsquo; fields, resulting in water and air pollution. As human population continues to grow and food security improves in the developing world, the dual development goals of producing more nutritious food with low pollution will require both technological and socio-economic innovations in agriculture. Two case studies presented here, one in sub-Saharan Africa and the other in Midwestern United States, demonstrate how management of nutrients, water, and energy is inextricably linked in both small-scale and large-scale food production, and that science-based solutions to improve the efficiency of nutrient use can optimize food production while minimizing pollution. To achieve the needed large increases in nutrient use efficiency, however, technological developments must be accompanied by policies that recognize the complex economic and social factors affecting farmer decision-making and national policy priorities. Farmers need access to affordable nutrient supplies and support information, and the costs of improving efficiencies and avoiding pollution may need to be shared by society through innovative policies. Success will require interdisciplinary partnerships across public and private sectors, including farmers, private sector crop advisors, commodity supply chains, government agencies, university research and extension, and consumers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer US","doi":"10.1007/s13412-016-0364-y","usgsCitation":"Davidson, E.A., DuBose, R., Ferguson, R.B., Palm, C., Osmond, D.L., and Baron, J., 2016, Nutrients in the nexus: Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, v. 6, no. 1, p. 25-38, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-016-0364-y.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070397","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-016-0364-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913dfe4b07657d19ff1fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davidson, Eric A.","contributorId":7983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DuBose, Rachel rldubose@ua.edu","contributorId":167204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DuBose","given":"Rachel","email":"rldubose@ua.edu","affiliations":[{"id":37195,"text":"The University of Alabama","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":621392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferguson, Richard B.","contributorId":167205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferguson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12505,"text":"University of Nebraska - Lincoln","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palm, Cheryl","contributorId":167206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palm","given":"Cheryl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Osmond, Deanna L.","contributorId":167207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osmond","given":"Deanna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baron, Jill S. 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":174080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill S.","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":621390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70168832,"text":"70168832 - 2016 - Observations of recruitment and colonization by tunicates and associated invertebrates using giant one-meter<sup>2</sup>  recruitment plates at Woods Hole, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-04T14:13:25","indexId":"70168832","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-12T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2655,"text":"Management of Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of recruitment and colonization by tunicates and associated invertebrates using giant one-meter<sup>2</sup>  recruitment plates at Woods Hole, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<p>Large recruitment plates measuring 1 &times; 1 m were deployed over an 18-month period from September 2013 to March 2015 for the purpose of documenting recruitment and colonization processes of marine invertebrate species at Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Each side of two plates was subdivided into 16 subareas (25 &times; 25 cm), and an observational strategy was developed whereby, at approximately two-week intervals, a different subarea was cleaned. Using this approach, we were able to photographically document species recruitment and growth interactions. Water temperature records from the site show that steady warming and cooling between 3 and 20&deg; C changed at a mean rate of 0.2 &deg; C d<sup>-1</sup>. However, temperature changes during the coolest and warmest parts of the temperature cycle were highly variable. In 2014, between the first and last occurrence of 0&deg; C, temperatures were &le;0&deg; C 15 percent of the time, but in 2015 temperatures were &le;0&deg; C 93 percent of the time. In 2014, between the first and last occurrence of 21&deg; C, temperatures were &ge;21&deg; C 88 percent of the time, and this warm period correlated with the disappearance of the hydroid <i>Ectopleura crocea</i>, the solitary tunicates <i>Ascidiella aspersa</i> and <i>Ciona intestinalis</i>, and the 2013 generation of <i>Botrylloides violaceus</i>. In Woods Hole, large plates provided enough space to accommodate both fast- and slow-colonizing species, resulting in the establishment of a diverse assemblage that was observed over a long time period. The most successful colonizing species had relatively long reproductive and recruitment periods, grew rapidly, repelled settlement onto their surfaces by larvae of any species, defended themselves against overgrowth by any species, overwintered, and lived a long time. Of the three dominant species observed in this study, the colonial tunicates <i>Didemnum vexillum</i> and <i>Botrylloides violaceus</i> had these qualities; the encrusting colonial bryozoan <i>Schizoporella unicornis</i> had all but one, it grew more slowly than the others. Barnacles constituted the only biological substrate that was effectively colonized by other species, both by larval recruitment and overgrowth. In Woods Hole, after a substrate had become fully colonized, there was very little opportunity for new recruitment or colony growth until new substrate opened after the death of colonies and individuals and the disappearance of biogenic structures such as amphipod tubes. An understanding of colonization processes utilized by invasive species allows prediction of their potential effects on ecosystems in areas where they are not yet present.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Management of Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"5th International Invasive Sea Squirt Conference","conferenceDate":"Oct. 29-31, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Woods Hole, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre","publisherLocation":"Spain","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2016.7.1.14","usgsCitation":"Valentine, P.C., Carman, M., and Blackwood, D.S., 2016, Observations of recruitment and colonization by tunicates and associated invertebrates using giant one-meter<sup>2</sup>  recruitment plates at Woods Hole, Massachusetts: Management of Biological Invasions, v. 7, no. 1, p. 115-130, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2016.7.1.14.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072849","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2016.7.1.14","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318576,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Woods Hole","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.6756067276001,\n              41.51834634058004\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.6756067276001,\n              41.52959176830832\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.66213130950928,\n              41.52959176830832\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.66213130950928,\n              41.51834634058004\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.6756067276001,\n              41.51834634058004\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56dabfeee4b015c306f84ce4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valentine, Page C. 0000-0002-0485-6266 pvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-6266","contributorId":1947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Page","email":"pvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carman, M.R.","contributorId":24177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carman","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blackwood, Dann S. dblackwood@usgs.gov","contributorId":2457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"Dann","email":"dblackwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70168399,"text":"70168399 - 2016 - Seasonal flows of international British Columbia-Alaska rivers: The nonlinear influence of ocean-atmosphere circulation patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-15T11:25:31","indexId":"70168399","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-12T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal flows of international British Columbia-Alaska rivers: The nonlinear influence of ocean-atmosphere circulation patterns","docAbstract":"<p><span>The northern portion of the Pacific coastal temperate rainforest (PCTR) is one of the least anthropogenically modified regions on earth and remains in many respects a frontier area to science. Rivers crossing the northern PCTR, which is also an international boundary region between British Columbia, Canada and Alaska, USA, deliver large freshwater and biogeochemical fluxes to the Gulf of Alaska and establish linkages between coastal and continental ecosystems. We evaluate interannual flow variability in three transboundary PCTR watersheds in response to El Ni&ntilde;o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Arctic Oscillation (AO), and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO). Historical hydroclimatic datasets from both Canada and the USA are analyzed using an up-to-date methodological suite accommodating both seasonally transient and highly nonlinear teleconnections. We find that streamflow teleconnections occur over particular seasonal windows reflecting the intersection of specific atmospheric and terrestrial hydrologic processes. The strongest signal is a snowmelt-driven flow timing shift resulting from ENSO- and PDO-associated temperature anomalies. Autumn rainfall runoff is also modulated by these climate modes, and a glacier-mediated teleconnection contributes to a late-summer ENSO-flow association. Teleconnections between AO and freshet flows reflect corresponding temperature and precipitation anomalies. A coherent NPGO signal is not clearly evident in streamflow. Linear and monotonically nonlinear teleconnections were widely identified, with less evidence for the parabolic effects that can play an important role elsewhere. The streamflow teleconnections did not vary greatly between hydrometric stations, presumably reflecting broad similarities in watershed characteristics. These results establish a regional foundation for both transboundary water management and studies of long-term hydroclimatic and environmental change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.10.007","usgsCitation":"Fleming, S.W., Hood, E., Dalhke, H., and O’Neel, S., 2016, Seasonal flows of international British Columbia-Alaska rivers: The nonlinear influence of ocean-atmosphere circulation patterns: Advances in Water Resources, v. 87, p. 42-55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.10.007.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"55","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068958","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7pg1n1rj","text":"External Repository"},{"id":317991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -140,\n              55\n            ],\n            [\n              -140,\n              60\n            ],\n            [\n              -125,\n              60\n            ],\n            [\n              -125,\n              55\n            ],\n            [\n              -140,\n              55\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"87","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bf0231e4b06458514b310f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, Sean W.","contributorId":140495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fleming","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hood, Eran","contributorId":106802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hood","given":"Eran","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dalhke, Helen","contributorId":166741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dalhke","given":"Helen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":619943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70170450,"text":"70170450 - 2016 - Contrasting evolutionary histories of MHC class I and class II loci in grouse—Effects of selection and gene conversion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-20T15:55:05","indexId":"70170450","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-10T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1890,"text":"Heredity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contrasting evolutionary histories of MHC class I and class II loci in grouse—Effects of selection and gene conversion","docAbstract":"<p><span>Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encode receptor molecules that are responsible for recognition of intracellular and extracellular pathogens (class I and class II genes, respectively) in vertebrates. Given the different roles of class I and II MHC genes, one might expect the strength of selection to differ between these two classes. Different selective pressures may also promote different rates of gene conversion at each class. Despite these predictions, surprisingly few studies have looked at differences between class I and II genes in terms of both selection and gene conversion. Here, we investigated the molecular evolution of MHC class I and II genes in five closely related species of prairie grouse (</span><i>Centrocercus</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Tympanuchus</i><span>) that possess one class I and two class II loci. We found striking differences in the strength of balancing selection acting on MHC class I versus class II genes. More than half of the putative antigen-binding sites (ABS) of class II were under positive or episodic diversifying selection, compared with only 10</span><span class=\"mb\">%</span><span>&nbsp;at class I. We also found that gene conversion had a stronger role in shaping the evolution of MHC class II than class I. Overall, the combination of strong positive (balancing) selection and frequent gene conversion has maintained higher diversity of MHC class II than class I in prairie grouse. This is one of the first studies clearly demonstrating that macroevolutionary mechanisms can act differently on genes involved in the immune response against intracellular and extracellular pathogens.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Genetical Society","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1038/hdy.2016.6","collaboration":"University of Lodz, University of Wisconsin, University of North Texas","usgsCitation":"Minias, P., Bateson, Z.W., Whittingham, L.A., Johnson, J., Oyler-McCance, S.J., and Dunn, P.O., 2016, Contrasting evolutionary histories of MHC class I and class II loci in grouse—Effects of selection and gene conversion: Heredity, v. 116, p. 466-476, https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2016.6.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"466","endPage":"476","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066342","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2016.6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5718a839e4b0ef3b7caba500","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minias, Piotr","contributorId":168775,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Minias","given":"Piotr","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25360,"text":"University of Lodz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bateson, Zachary W.","contributorId":168776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bateson","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whittingham, Linda A.","contributorId":168777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittingham","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Jeff A.","contributorId":107208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Jeff A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dunn, Peter O.","contributorId":168778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunn","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70168326,"text":"70168326 - 2016 - The global Landsat archive: Status, consolidation, and direction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T19:17:44","indexId":"70168326","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-10T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The global Landsat archive: Status, consolidation, and direction","docAbstract":"<p><span>New and previously unimaginable Landsat applications have been fostered by a policy change in 2008 that made analysis-ready Landsat data free and open access. Since 1972, Landsat has been collecting images of the Earth, with the early years of the program constrained by onboard satellite and ground systems, as well as limitations across the range of required computing, networking, and storage capabilities. Rather than robust on-satellite storage for transmission via high bandwidth downlink to a centralized storage and distribution facility as with Landsat-8, a network of receiving stations, one operated by the U.S. government, the other operated by a community of International Cooperators (ICs), were utilized. ICs paid a fee for the right to receive and distribute Landsat data and over time, more Landsat data was held outside the archive of the United State Geological Survey (USGS) than was held inside, much of it unique. Recognizing the critical value of these data, the USGS began a Landsat Global Archive Consolidation (LGAC) initiative in 2010 to bring these data into a single, universally accessible, centralized global archive, housed at the Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The primary LGAC goals are to inventory the data held by ICs, acquire the data, and ingest and apply standard ground station processing to generate an L1T analysis-ready product. As of January 1, 2015 there were 5,532,454 images in the USGS archive. LGAC has contributed approximately 3.2 million of those images, more than doubling the original USGS archive holdings. Moreover, an additional 2.3 million images have been identified to date through the LGAC initiative and are in the process of being added to the archive. The impact of LGAC is significant and, in terms of images in the collection, analogous to that of having had&nbsp;</span><i>two</i><span>additional Landsat-5 missions. As a result of LGAC, there are regions of the globe that now have markedly improved Landsat data coverage, resulting in an enhanced capacity for mapping, monitoring change, and capturing historic conditions. Although future missions can be planned and implemented, the past cannot be revisited, underscoring the value and enhanced significance of historical Landsat data and the LGAC initiative. The aim of this paper is to report the current status of the global USGS Landsat archive, document the existing and anticipated contributions of LGAC to the archive, and characterize the current acquisitions of Landsat-7 and Landsat-8. Landsat-8 is adding data to the archive at an unprecedented rate as nearly all terrestrial images are now collected. We also offer key lessons learned so far from the LGAC initiative, plus insights regarding other critical elements of the Landsat program looking forward, such as acquisition, continuity, temporal revisit, and the importance of continuing to operationalize the Landsat program.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2015.11.032","usgsCitation":"Wulder, M.A., White, J.C., Loveland, T., Woodcock, C., Belward, A., Cohen, W.B., Fosnight, E.A., Shaw, J., Masek, J.G., and Roy, D.P., 2016, The global Landsat archive: Status, consolidation, and direction: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 185, p. 271-283, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.11.032.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"283","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071343","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.11.032","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":317904,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"185","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bc5f35e4b08d617f660026","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wulder, Michael A.","contributorId":103584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wulder","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Joanne C.","contributorId":63362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Joanne","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":140611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodcock, Curtis","contributorId":166666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodcock","given":"Curtis","affiliations":[{"id":13570,"text":"Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":619674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Belward, Alan","contributorId":166667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belward","given":"Alan","affiliations":[{"id":18032,"text":"European Commission, Joint Research Centere, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra Varese, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":619675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cohen, Warren B.","contributorId":100093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fosnight, Eugene A. 0000-0002-8557-3697 fosnight@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-3697","contributorId":2961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosnight","given":"Eugene","email":"fosnight@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shaw, Jerad 0000-0002-8319-2778 jshaw@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8319-2778","contributorId":3564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"Jerad","email":"jshaw@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Masek, Jeffery G.","contributorId":87438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masek","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Roy, David P.","contributorId":71083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70164387,"text":"70164387 - 2016 - Characterization of infectious dose and lethal dose of two strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-11T11:44:57","indexId":"70164387","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-03T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3699,"text":"Virus Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of infectious dose and lethal dose of two strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV)","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ability to infect a host is a key trait of a virus, and differences in infectivity could put one virus at an evolutionary advantage over another. In this study we have quantified the infectivity of two strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) that are known to differ in fitness and virulence. By exposing juvenile rainbow trout (</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>) hosts to a wide range of virus doses, we were able to calculate the infectious dose in terms of ID</span><sub>50</sub><span>&nbsp;values for the two genotypes. Lethal dose experiments were also conducted to confirm the virulence difference between the two virus genotypes, using a range of virus doses and holding fish either in isolation or in batch so as to calculate LD</span><sub>50</sub><span>values. We found that infectivity is positively correlated with virulence, with the more virulent genotype having higher infectivity. Additionally, infectivity increases more steeply over a short range of doses compared to virulence, which has a shallower increase. We also examined the data using models of virion interaction and found no evidence to suggest that virions have either an antagonistic or a synergistic effect on each other, supporting the independent action hypothesis in the process of IHNV infection of rainbow trout.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2015.12.020","usgsCitation":"McKenney, D., Kurath, G., and Wargo, A., 2016, Characterization of infectious dose and lethal dose of two strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV): Virus Research, v. 214, p. 80-89, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2015.12.020.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"89","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068876","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/810","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":316512,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"214","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b324a9e4b0cc79997f04d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenney, Douglas dmckenney@usgs.gov","contributorId":156278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenney","given":"Douglas","email":"dmckenney@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":597135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wargo, Andrew","contributorId":73480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wargo","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70168507,"text":"70168507 - 2016 - Plastic pikas: Behavioural flexibility in low-elevation pikas (<i>Ochotona princeps</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T21:51:09","indexId":"70168507","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":987,"text":"Behavioural Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plastic pikas: Behavioural flexibility in low-elevation pikas (<i>Ochotona princeps</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Behaviour is an important mechanism for accommodating rapid environmental changes. Understanding a species&rsquo; capacity for behavioural plasticity is therefore a key, but understudied, aspect of developing tractable conservation and management plans under climate-change scenarios. Here, we quantified behavioural differences between American pikas (</span><i>Ochotona princeps</i><span>) living in an atypical, low-elevation habitat versus those living in a more-typical, alpine habitat. With respect to foraging strategy, low-elevation pikas spent more time consuming vegetation and less time caching food for winter, compared to high-elevation pikas. Low-elevation pikas were also far more likely to be detected in forested microhabitats off the talus than their high-elevation counterparts at midday. Finally, pikas living in the atypical habitat had smaller home range sizes compared to those in typical habitat or any previously published home ranges for this species. Our findings indicate that behavioural plasticity likely allows pikas to accommodate atypical conditions in this low-elevation habitat, and that they may rely on critical habitat factors such as suitable microclimate refugia to behaviourally thermoregulate. Together, these results suggest that behavioural adjustments are one important mechanism by which pikas can persist outside of their previously appreciated dietary and thermal niches.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2016.01.009","usgsCitation":"Varner, J., Horns, J.J., Lambert, M.S., Westberg, E., Ruff, J., Wolfenberger, K., Beever, E., and Dearing, M.D., 2016, Plastic pikas: Behavioural flexibility in low-elevation pikas (<i>Ochotona princeps</i>): Behavioural Processes, v. 125, p. 63-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2016.01.009.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"71","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065677","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2016.01.009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Gorge, Mt. 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