{"pageNumber":"127","pageRowStart":"3150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10951,"records":[{"id":70145260,"text":"70145260 - 2015 - Conceptual models of the formation of acid-rock drainage at road cuts in Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-23T15:30:52","indexId":"70145260","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Conceptual models of the formation of acid-rock drainage at road cuts in Tennessee","docAbstract":"<p>Pyrite and other minerals containing sulfur and trace metals occur in several rock formations throughout Middle and East Tennessee. Pyrite (FeS2) weathers in the presence of oxygen and water to form iron hydroxides and sulfuric acid. The weathering and interaction of the acid on the rocks and other minerals at road cuts can result in drainage with low pH (&lt; 4) and high concentrations of trace metals. Acid-rock drainage can cause environmental problems and damage transportation infrastructure. The formation and remediation of acid-drainage from roads cuts has not been researched as thoroughly as acid-mine drainage. The U.S Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Tennessee Department of Transportation, is conducting an investigation to better understand the geologic, hydrologic, and biogeochemical factors that control acid formation at road cuts. Road cuts with the potential for acid-rock drainage were identifed and evaluated in Middle and East Tennessee. The pyrite-bearing formations evaluated were the Chattanooga Shale (Devonian black shale), the Fentress Formation (coal-bearing), and the Precambrian Anakeesta Formation and similar Precambrian rocks. Conceptual models of the formation and transport of acid-rock drainage (ARD) from road cuts were developed based on the results of a literature review, site reconnaissance, and the initial rock and water sampling. The formation of ARD requires a combination of hydrologic, geochemical, and microbial interactions which affect drainage from the site, acidity of the water, and trace metal concentrations. The basic modes of ARD formation from road cuts are; 1 - seeps and springs from pyrite-bearing formations and 2 - runoff over the face of a road cut in a pyrite-bearing formation. Depending on site conditions at road cuts, the basic modes of ARD formation can be altered and the additional modes of ARD formation are; 3 - runoff over and through piles of pyrite-bearing material, either from construction or breakdown material weathered from shale, and 4 - the deposition of secondary-sulfate minerals can store trace metals and, during rainfall, result in increased acidity and higher concentrations of trace metals in storm runoff. Understanding the factors that control ARD formation and transport are key to addressing the problems associated with the movement of ARD from the road cuts to the environment. The investigation will provide the Tennessee Department of Transportation with a regional characterization of ARD and provide insights into the geochemical and biochemical attributes for the control and remediation of ARD from road cuts.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2015 Tennessee Water Resources Symposium","conferenceTitle":"2015 Tennessee Water Resources Symposium","conferenceDate":"April 1-3, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Montgomery Bell State Park Burns, Tennessee","language":"English","publisher":"Tennessee Section of the American Water Resources Association","collaboration":"Tenn. Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Bradley, M., Worland, S., and Byl, T., 2015, Conceptual models of the formation of acid-rock drainage at road cuts in Tennessee, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 2015 Tennessee Water Resources Symposium, Montgomery Bell State Park Burns, Tennessee, April 1-3, 2015, p. 2C-8-2C-9.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"2C-8","endPage":"2C-9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062621","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311666,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299403,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://tnawra.er.usgs.gov/Library/Proceedings24th.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        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mbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-265X","contributorId":582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Mike","email":"mbradley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Worland, Scott","contributorId":150038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Worland","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byl, Tom","contributorId":150039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byl","given":"Tom","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70142541,"text":"sir20155042 - 2015 - Multilevel groundwater monitoring of hydraulic head and temperature in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2011-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-02T16:56:44","indexId":"sir20155042","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-02T17:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5042","title":"Multilevel groundwater monitoring of hydraulic head and temperature in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2011-13","docAbstract":"<p>From 2011 to 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey&rsquo;s Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Project Office, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, collected depth-discrete measurements of fluid pressure and temperature in 11 boreholes located in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer. Each borehole was instrumented with a multilevel monitoring system (MLMS) consisting of a series of valved measurement ports, packer bladders, casing segments, and couplers.</p>\n<p>Multilevel monitoring at the INL has been ongoing since 2006 and this report summarizes data collected from 2011 to 2013 in 11 multilevel monitoring wells. Hydraulic head (head) and groundwater temperature data were collected from 11 multilevel monitoring wells, including 177 hydraulically isolated depth intervals from 448.0 to 1,377.6 feet below land surface. One port (port 3) within borehole USGS 134 was not monitored because of a valve failure.</p>\n<p>Head and temperature profiles reveal unique patterns for vertical examination of the aquifer&rsquo;s complex basalt and sediment stratigraphy, proximity to aquifer recharge and discharge, and groundwater flow. These features contribute to some of the localized variability even though the general profile shape remained consistent over the period of record. Twenty-two major head inflections were described for 9 of 11 MLMS boreholes and almost always coincided with low‑permeability sediment layers and occasionally thick layers of dense basalt. However, the presence of a sediment layer or dense basalt layer was insufficient for identifying the location of a major head change within a borehole without knowing the true areal extent and relative transmissivity of the lithologic unit. Temperature profiles for boreholes completed within the Big Lost Trough indicate linear conductive trends; whereas, temperature profiles for boreholes completed within volcanic rift zones and near the southern boundary of the Idaho National Laboratory, indicate mostly convective heat transfer. Select boreholes along the southern boundary show a temperature reversal and cooler water deeper in the aquifer resulting from the vertical movement of groundwater.</p>\n<p>Vertical head and temperature change were quantified for each of the 11 multilevel monitoring systems. Vertical head gradients defined for the major inflections in the head profiles were as high as 2.9 feet per foot. In general, fractured basalt zones displayed relatively small vertical head differences and show a high occurrence within volcanic rift zones. Poor connectivity between fractures and higher vertical gradients were generally attributed to sediment layers and layers of dense basalt, or both. Groundwater temperatures in all boreholes ranged from 10.8 to 16.3 &deg;C.</p>\n<p>Normalized mean head values were analyzed for all 11 multilevel monitoring wells for the period of record (2007&ndash;13). The mean head values suggest a moderately positive correlation among all boreholes and generally reflect regional fluctuations in water levels in response to seasonal climatic changes. Boreholes within volcanic rift zones and near the southern boundary (USGS 103, USGS 105, USGS 108, USGS 132, USGS 135, USGS 137A) display a temporal correlation that is strongly positive. Boreholes in the Big Lost Trough display some variations in temporal correlations that may result from proximity to the mountain front to the northwest and episodic flow in the Big Lost River drainage system. For example, during June 2012, boreholes MIDDLE 2050A and MIDDLE 2051 showed head buildup within the upper zones when compared to the June 2010 profile event, which correlates to years when surface water was reported for the Big Lost River several months preceding the measurement period. With the exception of borehole USGS 134, temporal correlation between MLMS wells completed within the Big Lost Trough is generally positive. Temporal correlation for borehole USGS 134 shows the least agreement with other MLMS boreholes located within the Big Lost Trough; however, borehole USGS 134 is close to the mountain front where tributary valley subsurface inflow is suspected.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155042","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Twining, B.V., and Fisher, J.C., 2015, Multilevel groundwater monitoring of hydraulic head and temperature in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2011-13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5042, Report: vii, 49 p.; 8 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155042.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 49 p.; 8 Appendices","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056607","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155042.jpg"},{"id":299323,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5042/pdf/sir20155042_AppH.pdf","text":"Appendix H","size":"161 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299314,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5042/"},{"id":299315,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5042/pdf/sir2015-5042.pdf","size":"4.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299316,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5042/pdf/sir20155042_AppA.pdf","text":"Appendix A","size":"98 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299317,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5042/pdf/sir20155042_AppB.pdf","text":"Appendix B","size":"202 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299318,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5042/pdf/sir20155042_AppC.pdf","text":"Appendix C","size":"125 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299319,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5042/pdf/sir20155042_AppD.pdf","text":"Appendix D","size":"109 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299320,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5042/pdf/sir20155042_AppE.pdf","text":"Appendix E","size":"592 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299321,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5042/pdf/sir20155042_AppF.pdf","text":"Appendix F","size":"103 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299322,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5042/pdf/sir20155042_AppG.pdf","text":"Appendix G","size":"148 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Snake River Plain aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.104248046875,\n              43.52664646047308\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.104248046875,\n              43.880077621969065\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.61123657226562,\n              43.880077621969065\n            ],\n            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,{"id":70146795,"text":"70146795 - 2015 - Desert tortoise use of burned habitat in the Eastern Mojave desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-13T13:08:25","indexId":"70146795","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-01T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Desert tortoise use of burned habitat in the Eastern Mojave desert","docAbstract":"<p>Wildfires burned 24,254&thinsp;ha of critical habitat designated for the recovery of the threatened Mojave desert tortoise (<i>Gopherus agassizii</i>) in southern Nevada during 2005. The proliferation of non-native annual grasses has increased wildfire frequency and extent in recent decades and continues to accelerate the conversion of tortoise habitat across the Mojave Desert. Immediate changes to vegetation are expected to reduce quality of critical habitat, yet whether tortoises will use burned and recovering habitat differently from intact unburned habitat is unknown. We compared movement patterns, home-range size, behavior, microhabitat use, reproduction, and survival for adult desert tortoises located in, and adjacent to, burned habitat to understand how tortoises respond to recovering burned habitat. Approximately 45% of home ranges in the post-fire environment contained burned habitat, and numerous observations (<i>n</i>&thinsp;=&thinsp;12,223) corroborated tortoise use of both habitat types (52% unburned, 48% burned). Tortoises moved progressively deeper into burned habitat during the first 5 years following the fire, frequently foraging in burned habitats that had abundant annual plants, and returning to adjacent unburned habitat for cover provided by intact perennial vegetation. However, by years 6 and 7, the live cover of the short-lived herbaceous perennial desert globemallow (<i>Sphaeralcea ambigua</i>) that typically re-colonizes burned areas declined, resulting in a contraction of tortoise movements from the burned areas. Health and egg production were similar between burned and unburned areas indicating that tortoises were able to acquire necessary resources using both areas. This study documents that adult Mojave desert tortoises continue to use habitat burned once by wildfire. Thus, continued management of this burned habitat may contribute toward the recovery of the species in the face of many sources of habitat loss.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.874","usgsCitation":"Drake, K.K., Esque, T., Nussear, K.E., DeFalco, L., Scoles-Sciulla, S.J., Modlin, A.T., and Medica, P.A., 2015, Desert tortoise use of burned habitat in the Eastern Mojave desert: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 79, no. 4, p. 618-629, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.874.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"618","endPage":"629","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057109","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299811,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Clark County","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.51025390625,\n              36.32397712011264\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.323486328125,\n              36.32397712011264\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.1312255859375,\n              36.33725319397006\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.91149902343751,\n              36.348314860643015\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.61212158203124,\n              36.361586786517776\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.46380615234375,\n              36.38812384894608\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.38690185546875,\n              36.41244153535644\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.36767578124999,\n              36.4477991295848\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.400634765625,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.4061279296875,\n              36.53832942872816\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.36767578124999,\n              36.5978891330702\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.36767578124999,\n              36.752089156946326\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.3621826171875,\n              36.88621127842176\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.95932006835938,\n              36.90213639045954\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.93803405761717,\n              36.32729635065908\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.51025390625,\n              36.32397712011264\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553774aae4b0b22a1580850b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, K. Kristina 0000-0003-0711-7634 kdrake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0711-7634","contributorId":3799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"K.","email":"kdrake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kristina","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":140024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nussear, Kenneth E. knussear@usgs.gov","contributorId":2695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nussear","given":"Kenneth","email":"knussear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeFalco, Lesley ldefalco@usgs.gov","contributorId":139012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFalco","given":"Lesley","email":"ldefalco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scoles-Sciulla, Sara J. 0000-0003-1693-5030 sscoles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1693-5030","contributorId":2614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scoles-Sciulla","given":"Sara","email":"sscoles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Modlin, Andrew T. amodlin@usgs.gov","contributorId":5967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modlin","given":"Andrew","email":"amodlin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Medica, Philip A.","contributorId":55780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medica","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70159688,"text":"70159688 - 2015 - Climatology of extreme daily precipitation in Colorado and its diverse spatial and seasonal variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-18T10:28:03","indexId":"70159688","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatology of extreme daily precipitation in Colorado and its diverse spatial and seasonal variability","docAbstract":"<p><span>The climatology of Colorado&rsquo;s historical extreme precipitation events shows a remarkable degree of seasonal and regional variability. Analysis of the largest historical daily precipitation totals at COOP stations across Colorado by season indicates that the largest recorded daily precipitation totals have ranged from less than 60 mm day</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;in some areas to more than 250 mm day</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;in others. East of the Continental Divide, winter events are rarely among the top 10 events at a given site, but spring events dominate in and near the foothills; summer events are most common across the lower-elevation eastern plains, while fall events are most typical for the lower elevations west of the Divide. The seasonal signal in Colorado&rsquo;s central mountains is complex; high-elevation intense precipitation events have occurred in all months of the year, including summer, when precipitation is more likely to be liquid (as opposed to snow), which poses more of an instantaneous flood risk. Notably, the historic Colorado Front Range daily rainfall totals that contributed to the damaging floods in September 2013 occurred outside of that region&rsquo;s typical season for most extreme precipitation (spring&ndash;summer). That event and many others highlight the fact that extreme precipitation in Colorado has occurred historically during all seasons and at all elevations, emphasizing a year-round statewide risk.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1175/JHM-D-14-0112.1","usgsCitation":"Mahoney, K.M., Ralph, F.M., Walter, K., Doesken, N., Dettinger, M.D., Gottas, D., Coleman, T., and White, A., 2015, Climatology of extreme daily precipitation in Colorado and its diverse spatial and seasonal variability: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 16, no. 2, p. 781-792, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-14-0112.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"781","endPage":"792","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057291","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-14-0112.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564daf45e4b0112df6c62df4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahoney, Kelly M.","contributorId":16302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahoney","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ralph, F. Martin","contributorId":57350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walter, Klaus","contributorId":149939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walter","given":"Klaus","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17859,"text":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doesken, Nolan","contributorId":149940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doesken","given":"Nolan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17860,"text":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":149896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gottas, Daniel","contributorId":149941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gottas","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17861,"text":"NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory/Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Coleman, Timothy","contributorId":149942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coleman","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17859,"text":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"White, Allen","contributorId":149943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Allen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17861,"text":"NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory/Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70154949,"text":"70154949 - 2015 - Changes in distribution of Canada geese nesting in Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-30T15:54:03.669412","indexId":"70154949","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1914,"text":"Human-Wildlife Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in distribution of Canada geese nesting in Arkansas","docAbstract":"<p>The reintroduced Canada goose (<i>Branta canadensis</i>) population in Arkansas has grown in range and abundance in recent decades. We determined the geographic range of Arkansas resident Canada geese from 2004 to 2012 using volume contour maps from citizen science observations using eBird, a citizen science website, and hunter recovery locations from the U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory. Resulting maps indicate an increase in Canada goose encounters toward northwestern and southwestern Arkansas from the original relocations in the Arkansas River valley. We examined movement of Canada geese banded and recovered in Arkansas by determining the distance and angle of movement between initial and final encounter locations; 25% moved east, and 17% went west. The average distance moved from banding to recovery was 50 km (SE = 1 km). Recoveries of Canada geese banded in Arkansas were greatest in the Mississippi Flyway (58% of all geese) followed by the Central Flyway (37%) with some representation in both the Atlantic (4%) and Pacific flyways (0.9%). Movement from Arkansas to other states and Canada was influenced by goose age and sex. Older individuals traveled longer distances than younger ones, and females traveled longer distances than males. Our findings suggest that recently established Canada geese in Arkansas have slowly expanded within the state to the northwest and southwest with the expansion to the east being important now. Movement of Arkansas resident Canada geese on molt-migration can contribute to management issues in other states and provinces.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Berryman Institute","doi":"10.26077/dyfh-rv60","usgsCitation":"Krementz, D.G., and Ronke, M.E., 2015, Changes in distribution of Canada geese nesting in Arkansas: Human-Wildlife Interactions, v. 9, no. 1, p. 101-109, https://doi.org/10.26077/dyfh-rv60.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056675","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306670,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.658203125,\n              36.527294814546245\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.17578124999999,\n              36.54494944148322\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.04394531249999,\n              36.43896124085945\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.04394531249999,\n              36.33282808737919\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.37353515625,\n              36.049098959065645\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.67041015625,\n              36.01356058518153\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.71435546875,\n              35.92464453144099\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.69238281249999,\n              35.85343961959182\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.8681640625,\n              35.71083783530009\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.8681640625,\n              35.60371874069731\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.9560546875,\n              35.496456056584165\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.087890625,\n              35.371135022800985\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.06591796875,\n              35.24561909420681\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.19775390625,\n              35.06597313798418\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.263671875,\n              34.92197103616377\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3955078125,\n              34.813803317113155\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.46142578125,\n              34.651285198954156\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.54931640625,\n              34.452218472826566\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.703125,\n              34.32529192442733\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.90087890624999,\n              34.17999758688084\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.9228515625,\n              34.052659421375964\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.03271484375,\n              33.8339199536547\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.07666015625,\n              33.63291573870476\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.07666015625,\n              33.486435450999885\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.07666015625,\n              33.284619968887675\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0986328125,\n              33.08233672856376\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.04296874999999,\n              33.04550781490999\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.0869140625,\n              33.578014746143985\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.21875,\n              33.61461929233378\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.50439453125,\n              33.669496972795535\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.482421875,\n              35.38904996691167\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.658203125,\n              36.527294814546245\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfade4b08400b1fe13d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krementz, David G. 0000-0002-5661-4541 dkrementz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5661-4541","contributorId":2827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"David","email":"dkrementz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ronke, M. Eliese","contributorId":146486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ronke","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eliese","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70003495,"text":"70003495 - 2015 - Reconnaissance investigation of the Lisburne Group in the Cobblestone Creek area, Chandler Lake quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:04:49","indexId":"70003495","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":102,"text":"Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Preliminary Interpretive Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"2015-2","title":"Reconnaissance investigation of the Lisburne Group in the Cobblestone Creek area, Chandler Lake quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>A reconnaissance investigation of the Carboniferous Lisburne Group in the Cobblestone Creek area, Chandler Lake Quadrangle, yields insights into its resource potential and regional relations. Locally porous vuggy dolostone with hydrocarbon reservoir potential occurs in the lower Lisburne in the three most southerly of five thrust sheets, and contains traces of dead oil in two of these sheets. The dolostones are coarse crystalline, commonly cross-bedded, and at least in part of Osagean (late Early Mississippian) age; they have pelmatozoan grainstone protoliths that likely formed in sand shoals of the midramp to inner ramp. Similar, coeval porous dolostones occur in the Lisburne from Skimo Creek to Itkillik Lake, ~70 km west and 10 km east of the Cobblestone Creek area, respectively. We also examined the uppermost Lisburne Group at several localities in the Cobblestone Creek area, mainly in the northernmost thrust sheet where the rocks are as young as Morrowan (Early Pennsylvanian). Cobblestone sections contain more supportstone than equivalent strata at Skimo Creek, and overlying Permian successions also differ between the two areas. These lithologic contrasts may reflect different rates of tectonically controlled subsidence, and (or) changes in sediment input, along the late Paleozoic continental margin.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.14509/29403","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., and Whalen, M.T., 2015, Reconnaissance investigation of the Lisburne Group in the Cobblestone Creek area, Chandler Lake quadrangle, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Preliminary Interpretive Report 2015-2, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.14509/29403.","productDescription":"17 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-011242","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14509/29403","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299888,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chandler Lake Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -151.5289306640625,\n              68.22256132239606\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.5289306640625,\n              68.56640647198128\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.12841796875,\n              68.56640647198128\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.12841796875,\n              68.22256132239606\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.5289306640625,\n              68.22256132239606\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553f5db8e4b0a658d7938cf9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wartes, M. A.","contributorId":121544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wartes","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519954,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Decker, P. L.","contributorId":121525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519953,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":512690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whalen, Michael T.","contributorId":31852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whalen","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186942,"text":"70186942 - 2015 - Seismic source dynamics of gas-piston activity at Kı̄lauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T15:58:16","indexId":"70186942","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic source dynamics of gas-piston activity at Kı̄lauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"<p><span>Since 2008, eruptive activity at the summit of Kı̄lauea Volcano, Hawai‘i has been confined to the new Overlook pit crater within the Halema‘uma‘u Crater. Among the broad range of magmatic processes observed in the new pit are recurring episodes of gas pistoning. The gas-piston activity is accompanied by seismic signals that are recorded by a broadband network deployed in the summit caldera. We use raw data recorded with this network to model the source mechanism of representative gas-piston events in a sequence that occurred on 20–25 August 2011 during a gentle inflation of the Kı̄lauea summit. To determine the source centroid location and source mechanism, we minimize the residual error between data and synthetics calculated by the finite difference method for a point source embedded in a homogeneous medium that takes topography into account. We apply a new waveform inversion method that accounts for the contributions from both translation and tilt in horizontal seismograms through the use of Green's functions representing the seismometer response to translation and tilt ground motions. This method enables a robust description of the source mechanism over the period range 1–10,000 s. Most of the seismic wavefield produced by gas-pistoning originates in a source region ∼1 km below the eastern perimeter of the Halema‘uma‘u pit crater. The observed waveforms are well explained by a simple volumetric source with geometry composed of two intersecting cracks featuring an east striking crack (dike) dipping 80°to the north, intersecting a north striking crack (another dike) dipping 65° to the east. Each gas-piston event is marked by a similar rapid inflation lasting a few minutes, trailed by a slower deflation ramp extending up to 15 min, attributed to the efficient coupling at the source centroid location of the pressure and momentum changes accompanying the growth and collapse of a layer of foam at the top of the lava column. Assuming a simple lumped parameter representation of the shallow magmatic system, the observed pressure and volume variations can be modeled with the following attributes : foam thickness (10–50 m), foam cell diameter (0.04–0.10 m), and gas-injection velocity (0.01–0.06 m s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). Gas-piston activity occurs in a narrow pipe with diameter of 6 m connecting the Halema‘uma‘u pit crater to the subjacent dike system. The height of the magma column is estimated at ∼104 m at the start of the sequence based on the period of very long period (VLP) oscillations accompanying the onset of the gas-piston signal. Based on the change in the period of VLP oscillations and tilt evidence, the height of the magma column is inferred to have risen by up to ∼23 m by the end of the 5 day long sequence. A penny-shaped crack model of the dike geometry yields effective diameters of ∼1.2–2.9 km for the east dike and 0.7 km for the north dike. The shallower north dike segment is embedded in a relatively weak medium, compatible with expected mechanical properties in the hydrothermal environment of this dike.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011789","usgsCitation":"Chouet, B.A., and Dawson, P.B., 2015, Seismic source dynamics of gas-piston activity at Kı̄lauea Volcano, Hawai‘i: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 120, no. 4, p. 2525-2560, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011789.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"2525","endPage":"2560","ipdsId":"IP-060423","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011789","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":339764,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kı̄lauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.29844284057614,\n              19.39560613575417\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23861885070798,\n              19.39560613575417\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23861885070798,\n              19.43227671629882\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29844284057614,\n              19.43227671629882\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29844284057614,\n              19.39560613575417\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f1e0cae4b08144348b7e0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 chouet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0532","contributorId":3304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","email":"chouet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Phillip B. dawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Phillip","email":"dawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70146016,"text":"70146016 - 2015 - Pairing call-response surveys and distance sampling for a mammalian carnivore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-27T16:08:32","indexId":"70146016","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pairing call-response surveys and distance sampling for a mammalian carnivore","docAbstract":"<p><span>Density estimates accounting for differential animal detectability are difficult to acquire for wide-ranging and elusive species such as mammalian carnivores. Pairing distance sampling with call-response surveys may provide an efficient means of tracking changes in populations of coyotes (</span><i>Canis latrans</i><span>), a species of particular interest in the eastern United States. Blind field trials in rural New York State indicated 119-m linear error for triangulated coyote calls, and a 1.8-km distance threshold for call detectability, which was sufficient to estimate a detection function with precision using distance sampling. We conducted statewide road-based surveys with sampling locations spaced &ge;6&thinsp;km apart from June to August 2010. Each detected call (be it a single or group) counted as a single object, representing 1 territorial pair, because of uncertainty in the number of vocalizing animals. From 524 survey points and 75 detections, we estimated the probability of detecting a calling coyote to be 0.17&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;0.02 SE, yielding a detection-corrected index of 0.75 pairs/10 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;(95% CI: 0.52&ndash;1.1, 18.5% CV) for a minimum of 8,133 pairs across rural New York State. Importantly, we consider this an index rather than true estimate of abundance given the unknown probability of coyote availability for detection during our surveys. Even so, pairing distance sampling with call-response surveys provided a novel, efficient, and noninvasive means of monitoring populations of wide-ranging and elusive, albeit reliably vocal, mammalian carnivores. Our approach offers an effective new means of tracking species like coyotes, one that is readily extendable to other species and geographic extents, provided key assumptions of distance sampling are met.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.865","usgsCitation":"Hansen, S.J., Frair, J.L., Underwood, H.B., and Gibbs, J.P., 2015, Pairing call-response surveys and distance sampling for a mammalian carnivore: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 79, no. 4, p. 662-671, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.865.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"662","endPage":"671","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061051","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299592,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  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,{"id":70141336,"text":"sir20155022 - 2015 - Field-based description of rhyolite lava flows of the Calico Hills Formation, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-26T11:53:07","indexId":"sir20155022","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-26T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5022","title":"Field-based description of rhyolite lava flows of the Calico Hills Formation, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Contaminants introduced into the subsurface of Pahute Mesa, Nevada National Security Site, by underground nuclear testing are of concern to the U.S. Department of Energy and regulators responsible for protecting human health and safety. The potential for contaminant movement away from the underground test areas at Pahute Mesa and into the accessible environment is greatest by groundwater transport through fractured volcanic rocks. The 12.9 Ma (mega-annums, million years) Calico Hills Formation, which consists of a mixture of rhyolite lava flows and intercalated nonwelded and bedded tuff and pyroclastic flow deposits, occurs in two areas of the Nevada National Security Site. One area is north of the Rainier Mesa caldera, buried beneath Pahute Mesa, and serves as a heterogeneous volcanic-rock aquifer but is only available to study through drilling and is not described in this report. A second accumulation of the formation is south of the Rainier Mesa caldera and is exposed in outcrop along the western boundary of the Nevada National Security Site at the Calico Hills near Yucca Mountain. These outcrops expose in three dimensions an interlayered sequence of tuff and lava flows similar to those intercepted in the subsurface beneath Pahute Mesa. Field description and geologic mapping of these exposures described lithostratigraphic variations within lava flows and assisted in, or at least corroborated, conceptualization of the rhyolite lava-bearing parts of the formation.</p>\n<p>In the area south of the Rainier Mesa caldera, surface exposures and nearby subsurface equivalents were studied through compilation of geologic maps, new field mapping, subsurface information from boreholes, and data extracted from three-dimensional geologic framework models. Rhyolite lava flows within the Calico Hills Formation are described in terms of lithostratigraphic variations established for rhyolite lava flows in other volcanic fields. In general, the flows consist of a core of crystallized, flow-banded rhyolite lava, surrounded by a carapace of obsidian, commonly mantled by blocky, pumiceous rhyolite lava and flow breccia. Rhyolite lava flows were correlated and mapped on the basis of distinctive appearance in outcrop, stratigraphic sequence, and the presence of stratigraphic markers. Pyroclastic deposits that are spatially, temporally, and genetically related to the rhyolite lava flows consist of a series of intercalated pyroclastic flows, bedded ash-fall, and reworked tuff that have varying amounts of pumice and volcanic rock clasts.</p>\n<p>In the area south of the Rainier Mesa caldera, surface and subsurface geologic data are combined to interpret the overall thickness of the Calico Hills Formation and the proportion of lava flow lithology across the study area. The formation is at least 500 meters (m) thick and contains the greatest proportion of rhyolite lava flow to the northeast of Yucca Mountain in the lower part of Fortymile Canyon. The formation thins to the south and southwest where it is between 50 and 200 m thick beneath Yucca Mountain and contains no rhyolite lavas. Geologic mapping and field-based correlation of individual lava flows allow for the interpretation of the thickness and extent of specific flows and the location of their source areas. The most extensive flows have widths from 2 to 3 kilometers (km) and lengths of at least 5&ndash;6 km. Lava flow thickness varies from 150 to 250 m above interpreted source vents to between 30 and 80 m in more distal locations. Rhyolite lavas have length-to-height ratios of 10:1 or greater and, in one instance, a length-to-width ratio of 2:1 or greater, implying a tongue-shaped geometry instead of circular domes or tabular bodies. Although geologic mapping did not identify any physical feature that could be positively identified as a vent, lava flow thickness and the size of clasts in subjacent pyroclastic deposits suggest that primary vent areas for at least some of the flows in the study area are on the east side of Fortymile Canyon, to the northeast of Yucca Mountain.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155022","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office, Office of Environmental Management under Interagency Agreement, DE-NA0001654/004","usgsCitation":"Sweetkind, D., and Bova, S.C., 2015, Field-based description of rhyolite lava flows of the Calico Hills Formation, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5022, Report: v, 36 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155022.","productDescription":"Report: v, 36 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057359","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299004,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155022.jpg"},{"id":299002,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5022/pdf/sir2015-5022.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299003,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5022/downloads/sir2015-5022_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"268 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"Lithologic Description of Calico Hills Formation From Selected Boreholes in the Study Area"},{"id":299001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5022/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.69677734375,\n              36.54494944148322\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.69677734375,\n              37.317751851636906\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.68603515624999,\n              37.317751851636906\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.68603515624999,\n              36.54494944148322\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.69677734375,\n              36.54494944148322\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55151f98e4b03238427816b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S. dsweetkind@usgs.gov","contributorId":735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","email":"dsweetkind@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bova, Shiera C.","contributorId":45607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bova","given":"Shiera","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70174898,"text":"70174898 - 2015 - Biological indicators of changes in water quality and habitats of the coastal and estuarine areas of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem; Chapter 11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-20T12:50:22","indexId":"70174898","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-25T18:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Biological indicators of changes in water quality and habitats of the coastal and estuarine areas of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem; Chapter 11","docAbstract":"<p>This chapter summarizes the application of various biological indicators to studying the anthropogenic and natural changes in water quality and habitats that have occurred in the coastal and estuarine areas of the Greater Everglades ecosystem.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Microbiology of the Everglades 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Andrew","contributorId":173041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ogram","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12558,"text":"University of Florida, Gainesville","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643065,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Wachnicka, Anna","contributorId":15500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wachnicka","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wingard, G. Lynn 0000-0002-3833-5207 lwingard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-5207","contributorId":605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.","email":"lwingard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70135764,"text":"sir20145228 - 2015 - Geophysical log analysis of selected test and residential wells at the Shenandoah Road National Superfund Site, East Fishkill, Dutchess County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-20T09:35:52","indexId":"sir20145228","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-20T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5228","title":"Geophysical log analysis of selected test and residential wells at the Shenandoah Road National Superfund Site, East Fishkill, Dutchess County, New York","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey collected and analyzed geophysical logs from 20 test wells and 23 residential wells at the Shenandoah Road National Superfund Site in East Fishkill, New York, from 2006 through 2010 as part of an Interagency Agreement to provide hydrogeologic technical support to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 2. The geophysical logs collected include caliper, gamma, acoustic and optical televiewer, deviation, electromagnetic-induction, magnetic-susceptibility, fluid-property, and flow under ambient and pumped conditions. The geophysical logs were analyzed along with single-well aquifer test data and drilling logs to characterize the lithology, fabric, fractures, and flow zones penetrated by the wells. The results of the geophysical log analysis were used as part of the hydrogeologic characterization of the site and in the design of discrete-zone monitoring installations in the test wells and selected residential wells.</p>\n<p>Most of the logged test and residential wells penetrated gneiss of the Hudson Highlands Complex or dolostones in the Wappinger Group, and some wells penetrated both the dolostone and gneiss. The bedrock fabric reflects the regional northeast-southwest structural trend, as well as localized folding, and includes foliation in the gneiss and bedding in the dolostone. Many fractures were oriented along the bedrock fabric, whereas others were orthogonal to the fabric.</p>\n<p>Total wellbore transmissivity of the wells was estimated from short-term, single-well aquifer test data through the use of the Cooper-Jacob analytical solution. An empirical relation was established to estimate total wellbore transmissivity from specific-capacity data for wells with insufficient transient drawdown measurements. Wellbore transmissivity estimates ranged from 0.36 to 370 feet squared per day (ft<sup>2</sup>/d), whereas specific capacities ranged from 0.03 to 2.1 gallons per minute per foot ((gal/min)/ft).</p>\n<p>Transmissivity and hydraulic heads of individual fracture zones were estimated from the total wellbore transmissivity and flow logs through use of an analytical model based on the Thiem equation. The model-estimated transmissivity of 95 fracture zones delineated in the 43 wells ranged from 0.25 to 340 ft<sup>2</sup>/d, with a median value of 6.7 ft<sup>2</sup>/d. The difference between model-estimated fracture-zone heads and the composite heads in each well ranged from less 0.01 to more than 10 feet (ft). Flow-log analysis generally provided an order of magnitude estimate for the fracture-zone hydraulic-head difference on the basis of a comparison of estimated and measured values.</p>\n<p>The geophysical logs and their analyses are available for display and download from the U.S. Geological Survey, New York Water Science Center, online geophysical log archive (<a href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov/maps/geologs/\">http://ny.water.usgs.gov/maps/geologs/</a>) in LAS (Log ASCII Standard), PDF, and WellCad formats.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.J., Anderson, J.A., and Williams, J., 2015, Geophysical log analysis of selected test and residential wells at the Shenandoah Road National Superfund Site, East Fishkill, Dutchess County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5228, Report: viii, 30 p.; Geophysical Log Archive; WellCad reader download, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145228.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 30 p.; Geophysical Log Archive; WellCad reader download","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042201","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298827,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145228.jpg"},{"id":298824,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5228/pdf/sir2014-5228.pdf","size":"2.38 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":298825,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://ny.water.usgs.gov/maps/geologs/","text":"Geophysical Log Archive","linkHelpText":"The USGS New York Water Science Center has developed an online geophysical log archive where the logs and log analysis of the Shenandoah Road Superfund site wells, as well as many others throughout the State, can be viewed or downloaded."},{"id":298823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5228/"},{"id":298826,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://www.alt.lu/downloads.htm","text":"WellCad reader download","linkHelpText":"The locations of the Shenandoah Road National Superfund Site wells are shown on the index map. The user can zoom-in to the well cluster located just east of Fishkill, N.Y., to expand the view of the wells logged.  Clicking on an individual well will bring up a menu of the available log formats, which are LAS, PDF, and WellCad Reader. WellCad Reader is available online free of charge."}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Dutchess County","city":"East Fishkill","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah Road National Superfund Site","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.80074501037598,\n              41.5186034007529\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.80074501037598,\n              41.545075129729334\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.7743091583252,\n              41.545075129729334\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.7743091583252,\n              41.5186034007529\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.80074501037598,\n              41.5186034007529\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550d369be4b02e76d759d867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard J. 0000-0001-5032-6613 rjreynol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-6613","contributorId":1082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rjreynol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, J. Alton aanders@usgs.gov","contributorId":1602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"aanders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alton","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, John H. 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70142048,"text":"sir20155037 - 2015 - Estimated freshwater withdrawals in Washington, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-18T10:05:48","indexId":"sir20155037","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-18T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5037","title":"Estimated freshwater withdrawals in Washington, 2010","docAbstract":"<p>Every 5 years since 1950, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has compiled data on the amount of water used in homes, businesses, industries, and farms throughout the State. This water-use data, combined with other related USGS information, has facilitated a unique understanding of the effects of human activity on the State&rsquo;s water resources. As water availability continues to emerge as an important issue in the 21st century, the need for consistent, long-term water-use data will increase to support wise use of this essential natural resource.</p>\n<p>The amount of public- and self-supplied water used for domestic, irrigation, livestock, aquaculture, industrial, mining, and thermoelectric power was estimated for state, county, and eastern and western regions of Washington during calendar year 2010. Withdrawals of freshwater for offstream uses were estimated to be about 4,885 million gallons per day. The total estimated freshwater withdrawals for 2010 was approximately 15 percent less than the 2005 estimate because of decreases in irrigation and thermoelectric power withdrawals.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155037","usgsCitation":"Lane, R.C., and Welch, W.B., 2015, Estimated freshwater withdrawals in Washington, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5037, 48 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155037.","productDescription":"v, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-061245","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298679,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155037.jpg"},{"id":298678,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5037/"},{"id":298663,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5037/pdf/sir2015-5037.pdf","text":"Report","size":"18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PDF of report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.78271484375,\n              45.55252525134013\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.78271484375,\n              48.99463598353408\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.04833984375001,\n              48.99463598353408\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.04833984375001,\n              45.55252525134013\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.78271484375,\n              45.55252525134013\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_wa@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, Washington Water Science Center<br />U.S. Geological Survey<br />934 Broadway, Suite 300<br />Tacoma, Washington 98402<br /><a href=\"http://wa.water.usgs.gov/\">http://wa.water.usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Freshwater Withdrawals</li>\n<li>Summary</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n<li>Appendix A. Methods And Data Sources</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2015-03-18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550a939ee4b02e76d7590bb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lane, Ron C. rclane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"Ron","email":"rclane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welch, Wendy B. wwelch@usgs.gov","contributorId":1645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Wendy","email":"wwelch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70140270,"text":"sim3319 - 2015 - California State Waters Map Series: Offshore of Refugio Beach, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T20:02:15.825778","indexId":"sim3319","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-18T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3319","title":"California State Waters Map Series: Offshore of Refugio Beach, California","docAbstract":"<p>In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within California&rsquo;s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology.</p>\n<p>The Offshore of Refugio Beach map lies within the western Santa Barbara Channel region of the Southern California Bight. This geologically complex region forms a major biogeographic transition zone, separating the cold-temperate Oregonian province north of Point Conception from the warm-temperate California province to the south. The map area is in the southern part of the Western Transverse Ranges geologic province, which is north of the California Continental Borderland. Significant clockwise rotation&mdash;at least 90&deg;&mdash;since the early Miocene has been proposed for the Western Transverse Ranges province, and geodetic studies indicate that the region is presently undergoing north-south shortening. Uplift rates (as much as 0.5 mm/yr) that are based on studies of onland marine terraces provide further evidence of significant shortening.</p>\n<p>The coastal zone of this map area lies at the steep flank of the Santa Ynez Mountains. The crest of the range, which lies about 8 km from the shoreline (north of the map area), has a maximum elevation of about 780 m. This area is largely open space, partly used for livestock grazing, with no significant towns or population centers. Highway 101 crosses the map area, adjacent to and within a few hundred meters of the shoreline. The most significant developments are the recreational state beaches at El Capitan Beach and Refugio Beach. The beaches are subject to erosion each winter during storm-wave attack, and then they undergo gradual recovery or accretion during the more gentle wave climate of the late spring, summer, and fall months.</p>\n<p>The Offshore of Refugio Beach map area lies in the west-central part of the Santa Barbara littoral cell, which is characterized by west-to-east transport of sediment from Point Arguello on the northwest to Hueneme and Mugu Canyons on the southeast. Longshore drift rates have been reported to range from about 160,000 to 800,000 tons/yr, averaging 400,000 tons/yr. Sediment supply to the western and central part of the littoral cell, including the map area, is mainly from relatively small coastal watersheds. Within the map area, these coastal watersheds include (from east to west) Ca&ntilde;ada del Capitan, Tajiquas Creek, Arroyo Hondo, Ca&ntilde;ada del Molino, and several unnamed canyons and creeks. The Santa Ynez and Santa Maria Rivers, the mouths of which are 80 to 120 km northwest of the map area, are not considered significant sediment sources because Point Conception and Point Arguello provide obstacles to downcoast sediment transport and also because much of their sediment load is trapped in dams. The Ventura and Santa Clara Rivers, the mouths of which are about 70 km to the southeast of the map area, are not sediment sources for the map area.</p>\n<p>The offshore part of the map area consists of relatively flat and shallow continental shelf, which dips gently seaward (about 0.8&deg; to 1.0&deg;) so that water depths at the shelf break, roughly coincident with the California&rsquo;s State Waters limit, are about 80 to 100 m. This part of the Santa Barbara Channel is relatively well protected from large Pacific swells from the north and northwest by Point Conception and from the south and southwest by offshore islands and banks. The shelf is underlain by variable amounts of upper Quaternary marine and fluvial sediments deposited as sea level fluctuated in the late Pleistocene.</p>\n<p>In the map area, the shelf break is at depths of about 90 m and lies about 5.6 to 6.4 km offshore. Beyond the shelf break, the slope is steep (as much as about 7&deg;) and unstable. Several submarine landslides, including the large (130 km<sup>2</sup>) Goleta landslide complex, have been documented offshore of Goleta, a few kilometers east of the map area. This compound slump complex may have been initiated more than 200,000 year ago, but it also includes three recent failures that may have been generated 8,000 to 10,000 years ago. A local, 10-m-high tsunami may have been generated from these failure events.</p>\n<p>Small folds related to local faulting are superimposed on the homocline that makes up the south flank of the Santa Ynez Mountains. One of these superimposed anticlines hosts the Molino gas field, which was discovered in 1962 and subsequently developed through directional drilling from onshore wells. The Oligocene Sespe and Vaqueros Formations are the reservoirs in the Molino gas field, and the map area includes numerous seafloor hydrocarbon seeps.</p>\n<p>Seafloor habitats in the broad Santa Barbara Channel region consist of significant amounts of soft, unconsolidated sediment interspersed with isolated areas of rocky habitat that support kelp-forest communities nearshore and rocky-reef communities in deep water. The potential marine benthic habitat types mapped in the Offshore of Refugio Beach map area are directly related to its Quaternary geologic history, geomorphology, and active sedimentary processes. These potential habitats, which lie primarily within the Shelf (continental shelf) but also partly within the Flank (basin flank or continental slope) megahabitats, primarily are composed of soft sediment interrupted by a few carbonate mounds. This homogeneous seafloor of sediment and low-relief bedrock provides promising habitat for groundfish, crabs, shrimp, and other marine benthic organisms.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3319","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Cochrane, G.R., Golden, N.E., Phillips, E.L., Ritchie, A., Krigsman, L.M., Dieter, B.E., Conrad, J.E., Greene, H.G., Seitz, G.G., Endris, C.A., Sliter, R.W., Wong, F.L., Erdey, M.D., Gutierrez, C.I., Yoklavich, M.M., East, A., and Hart, P.E., 2015, California State Waters Map Series: Offshore of Refugio Beach, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3319, Pamphlet: iv, 42 p.; 11 Plates: 53.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Metadata: Data Catalog, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3319.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 42 p.; 11 Plates: 53.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Metadata: Data Catalog","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-043010","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298696,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3319.gif"},{"id":398997,"rank":16,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_103684.htm"},{"id":298695,"rank":14,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3319/SIM3319_metadata.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":298694,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3319/downloads/sim3319_sheet11.pdf","text":"Sheet 11","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 11","linkHelpText":"Predicted Distribution of Benthic Macro-Invertebrates, Offshore of Refugio Beach Map Area and Santa Barbara Channel Region, California"},{"id":298693,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3319/downloads/sim3319_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 10","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Offshore of Refugio Beach Map Area, California"},{"id":298692,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3319/downloads/sim3319_sheet9.pdf","text":"Sheet 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 9","linkHelpText":"Local (Offshore of Refugio Beach Map Area) and Regional (Offshore from Refugio Beach to Hueneme Canyon) Shallow-Subsurface Geology and Structure, Santa Barbara Channel, California"},{"id":298691,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3319/downloads/sim3319_sheet8.pdf","text":"Sheet 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 8","linkHelpText":"Seismic-Reflection Profiles, Offshore of Refugio Beach Map Area, California"},{"id":298690,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3319/downloads/sim3319_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 7","linkHelpText":"Potential Marine Benthic Habitats, Offshore of Refugio Beach Map Area, California"},{"id":298689,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3319/downloads/sim3319_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 6","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of Refugio Beach Map Area, California"},{"id":298688,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3319/downloads/sim3319_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 5","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of Refugio Beach Map Area, California"},{"id":298686,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3319/downloads/sim3319_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 4","linkHelpText":"Data Integration and Visualization, Offshore of Refugio Beach Map Area, California"},{"id":298685,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3319/downloads/sim3319_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Backscatter, Offshore of Refugio Beach Map Area, California"},{"id":298684,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3319/downloads/sim3319_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Refugio Beach Map Area, California"},{"id":298687,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3319/downloads/sim3319_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 1","linkHelpText":"Colored Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Refugio Beach Map Area, California"},{"id":298682,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3319/downloads/sim3319_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Pamphlet"},{"id":298683,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3319/"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 10N","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Refugio Beach, Santa Barbara Channel","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": 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gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Golden, Nadine E. 0000-0001-6007-6486 ngolden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6007-6486","contributorId":138974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"Nadine","email":"ngolden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Phillips, Eleyne L.","contributorId":44485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Eleyne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ritchie, Andrew C.","contributorId":139060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Andrew C.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Krigsman, Lisa M.","contributorId":139064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krigsman","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12641,"text":"NOAA NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dieter, Bryan 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,{"id":70099132,"text":"sir20135176 - 2015 - Development, evolution, and destruction of the saline mineral area of Eocene Lake Uinta, Piceance Basin, western Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-16T14:05:53","indexId":"sir20135176","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-16T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5176","title":"Development, evolution, and destruction of the saline mineral area of Eocene Lake Uinta, Piceance Basin, western Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Halite and the sodium bicarbonate mineral nahcolite were deposited in Eocene-age saline Lake Uinta in the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado. Variations in the areal extent of saline mineral deposition through time were studied using descriptions of core and outcrop. Saline minerals have been extensively leached by groundwater, and the original extent of saline deposition was determined from the distribution of empty vugs and collapse breccias. Because vugs and breccias strongly influence groundwater movement, determining where leaching has occurred is an important consideration for in-situ oil shale extraction methods currently being developed.</p>\n<p>Lake Uinta formed when two much smaller freshwater lakes, one in the Uinta Basin and the other in the Piceance Basin, expanded and coalesced across the Douglas Creek arch. Early Lake Uinta inherited much of the topography in the freshwater lake and surrounding alluvial plains that preceded it, and the deep central lake area of Lake Uinta developed largely over the offshore area of the freshwater lake. A prolonged period of infilling followed the formation of Lake Uinta, creating broad lake-margin shelves prior to the onset of saline mineral deposition. These shelves almost certainly played a critical role in the evolution of the brine layer that accumulated in the deep central lake area. Broad marginal shelves formed as well around the Uinta Basin part of Lake Uinta. Brines that formed on those shelves also probably migrated to the deep central lake area in the Piceance Basin, as no saline minerals were deposited in the Uinta Basin until late in the history of Lake Uinta.</p>\n<p>Oil shale in the deep central lake consists of interbedded laminate oil shale beds that originated within the deep lake area, and blebby and streaked oil shale beds that were transported into the deep lake area by sediment gravity flows. Blebby and streaked oil shale beds contain carbonate clasts and siliciclastic clasts similar to lithologies found on the marginal shelves. It is possible that these clasts and the highly saline brines that evolved on the marginal shelves were incorporated into the same gravity flows.</p>\n<p>Saline mineral deposition is informally subdivided into early, middle, and late phases. During the early phase, nahcolite and rich oil shale were deposited in the deep central lake area, and carbonate-rich sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone and ostracodal, oolitic, algal limestone were deposited on the marginal shelves. During the middle saline mineral phase, oil shale deposition gradually expanded across the marginal shelves, and by the end of that phase, oil shale deposition covered almost all of the former shelf areas. An increasing flow of water from Lake Gosiute to the north, as it was gradually filled in by volcaniclastics, may have caused this expansion. Saline mineral deposition also expanded during the middle saline mineral phase, reaching to near the former shelf break by the end of that phase. This suggests that the former shelf break remained a topographic feature that confined the deep saline brine layer throughout the middle phase.</p>\n<p>By the beginning of the late saline mineral phase, Lake Gosiute had been completely filled in and volcaniclastic debris reached the northern shore of Lake Uinta. This initiated a north-to-south infilling of the Piceance Basin part of Lake Uinta that progressively pushed the saline mineral area southward and ultimately onto the former marginal shelf areas in the southern part of the basin. A saline mineral area formed for the first time in the eastern part of the Uinta Basin during this infilling and, for a time, saline minerals were deposited in both basins. By the end of the late saline phase, the Piceance Basin part of Lake Uinta was filled in and saline mineral deposition shifted entirely into the Uinta Basin.</p>\n<p>Leaching of saline minerals began sometime after the Green River Formation was lithified enough to allow collapse breccias to form. Leaching is ongoing today, indicated by the discharge of highly saline water from a series of springs in the northern part of the basin. Groundwater invasion and saline mineral dissolution is commonly incomplete in areas that lack fractures, leaving behind pockets of unleached saline minerals in otherwise leached intervals. Today, the base of the leached zone slopes toward the north and toward the area where the brines are being discharged.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135176","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.C., and Brownfield, M.E., 2015, Development, evolution, and destruction of the saline mineral area of Eocene Lake Uinta, Piceance Basin, western Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5176, Report: vii, 76 p.; 2 Plates: 62.38 x 42.40 inches and 95.69 x 59.99 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135176.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 76 p.; 2 Plates: 62.38 x 42.40 inches and 95.69 x 59.99 inches","numberOfPages":"87","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044487","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298576,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135176.jpg"},{"id":298573,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5176/pdf/sir2013-5176.pdf","text":"Report","size":"32.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2013-5176 Report"},{"id":298572,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5176/"},{"id":298574,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5176/downloads/plate_01.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"53.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2013-5176 Plate 1"},{"id":298575,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5176/downloads/plate_02.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"4.70 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2013-5176 Plate 2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Eocene Lake Uinta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.56640625,\n              43.43696596521823\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.46728515624999,\n              40.51379915504413\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.51123046875,\n              38.151837403006766\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.36962890624999,\n              38.16911413556086\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.36962890624999,\n              42.45588764197166\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.56640625,\n              43.43696596521823\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5507f09de4b02e76d757c124","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Ronald C. 0000-0002-6197-5165 rcjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":1550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ronald","email":"rcjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brownfield, Michael E. 0000-0003-3633-1138 mbrownfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-1138","contributorId":1548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Michael","email":"mbrownfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70136356,"text":"ofr20141259 - 2015 - The distribution of submersed aquatic vegetation and water lettuce in the fresh and oligohaline tidal Potomac River, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-16T08:44:15","indexId":"ofr20141259","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-16T08:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1259","title":"The distribution of submersed aquatic vegetation and water lettuce in the fresh and oligohaline tidal Potomac River, 2007","docAbstract":"<p><span>Surveys documenting the composition of species of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) have been conducted in the Potomac River for decades. These surveys can help managers assess the proportion of native and exotic plants in the river or can be used to determine relationships between native and exotic plants, environmental conditions, and wildlife. SAV coverage increased from 2005 to 2007 throughout the fresh and oligohaline study area. The 2007 survey documented here determined that eleven species of SAV were present. The abundance of the exotic species&nbsp;</span><i>Hydrilla verticillata</i><span>&nbsp;(hydrilla) was relatively low, and species diversity was relatively high compared to previous years. The survey also revealed a new population of the invasive, floating aquatic plant&nbsp;</span><i>Pistia stratiotes</i><span>&nbsp;(water lettuce). In 2007, water lettuce, the latest exotic aquatic plant to be found in the fresh to oligohaline portion of the Potomac River, was most abundant in Mattawoman Creek, Charles County, Maryland. However, it was not observed in the fresh to oligohaline portion of the Potomac River in the summer of 2008. An understanding of the distribution of SAV species and factors governing the abundance of native and invasive aquatic species is enhanced by long-term surveys.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141259","usgsCitation":"Campbell, S.H., Rybicki, N.B., and Schenk, E.R., 2015, The distribution of submersed aquatic vegetation and water lettuce in the fresh and oligohaline tidal Potomac River, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1259, vi, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141259.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-011359","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141259.jpg"},{"id":298551,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1259/"},{"id":298552,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1259/pdf/ofr2014-1259.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.92 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.00523376464844,\n              38.74819282375652\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.00660705566406,\n              38.6897975322717\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.12745666503906,\n              38.66781998344701\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.10960388183592,\n              38.69247725944551\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.02583312988281,\n              38.74765730401543\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.00523376464844,\n              38.74819282375652\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.2998046875,\n              38.53527591154413\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.22084045410156,\n              38.54870243589558\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.26547241210936,\n              38.4632670276956\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.28744506835938,\n              38.34057907754285\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.33345031738281,\n              38.3384247989913\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.33139038085938,\n              38.40302528453207\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.32933044433594,\n              38.4514377951069\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.2998046875,\n              38.53527591154413\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.92558288574219,\n              38.301792263441016\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.92558288574219,\n              38.31903340948611\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.90292358398438,\n              38.31903340948611\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.90292358398438,\n              38.301792263441016\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.92558288574219,\n              38.301792263441016\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5507f0a0e4b02e76d757c128","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Sarah Hunter","contributorId":139663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"Hunter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rybicki, Nancy B. 0000-0002-2205-7927 nrybicki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2205-7927","contributorId":2142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybicki","given":"Nancy","email":"nrybicki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - 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,{"id":70139403,"text":"cir1406 - 2015 - Understanding nutrients in the Chesapeake Bay watershed and implications for management and restoration: The Eastern Shore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-02T13:53:08.712418","indexId":"cir1406","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-12T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1406","title":"Understanding nutrients in the Chesapeake Bay watershed and implications for management and restoration: The Eastern Shore","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Eastern Shore includes only a small part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, but contributes disproportionately large loads of the excess nitrogen and phosphorus that have contributed to ecological and economic degradation of the bay in recent decades. Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States and a vital ecological and economic resource. The bay and its tributaries have been degraded in recent decades by excessive nitrogen and phosphorus in the water column, however, which cause harmful algal blooms and decreased water clarity, submerged aquatic vegetation, and dissolved oxygen. The disproportionately large nitrogen and phosphorus yields from the Eastern Shore to Chesapeake Bay are attributable to human land-use practices as well as natural hydrogeologic and soil conditions. Applications of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds to the Eastern Shore from human activities are intensive. More than 90 percent of nitrogen and phosphorus reaching the land in the Eastern Shore is applied as part of inorganic fertilizers or manure, or (for nitrogen) fixed directly from the atmosphere in cropland. Also, hydrogeologic and soil conditions promote the movement of these compounds from application areas on the landscape to groundwater and (or) surface waters, and the proximity of much of the Eastern Shore to tidal waters limits opportunities for natural removal of these compounds in the landscape. The Eastern Shore only includes 7 percent of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, but receives nearly twice as much nitrogen and phosphorus applications (per area) as the remainder of the watershed and yields greater nitrogen and phosphorus, on average, to the bay. Nitrogen and phosphorus commonly occur in streams at concentrations that may adversely affect aquatic ecosystems and have increased in recent decades. </span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1406","productDescription":"vi, 72 p.","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059019","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1406.jpg"},{"id":298382,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1406/"},{"id":298383,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1406/pdf/circ1406.pdf","text":"Report","size":"23.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New York, Pennylvania, Virginia, 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swator@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"Scott","email":"swator@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denver, Judith M. jmdenver@usgs.gov","contributorId":780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"Judith M.","email":"jmdenver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70142371,"text":"ofr20151025 - 2015 - Geochemical maps of stream sediments in central Colorado, from New Mexico to Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-04T10:18:12","indexId":"ofr20151025","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-10T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1025","title":"Geochemical maps of stream sediments in central Colorado, from New Mexico to Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey has completed a series of geologic, mineral resource, and environmental assessment studies in the Rocky Mountains of central Colorado, from Leadville eastward to the range front and from New Mexico to the Wyoming border. Regional stream-sediment geochemical maps, useful for assessing mineral resources and environmental effects of historical mining activities, were produced as part of the study. The data portrayed in this 56-parameter portfolio of landscape geochemical maps serve as a geochemical baseline for the region, indicate element abundances characteristic of various lithologic terranes, and identify gross anthropogenic effects of historical mining. However, although reanalyzed in this study by modern, sensitive methods, the majority of the stream-sediment samples were collected in the 1970s. Thus, metal concentrations portrayed in these maps represent stream-sediment geochemistry at the time of collection.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151025","usgsCitation":"Eppinger, R.G., Giles, S.A., and Klein, T.L., 2015, Geochemical maps of stream sediments in central Colorado, from New Mexico to Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1025, Report: viii, 120 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151025.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 120 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"131","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054650","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298413,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151025.jpg"},{"id":298411,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1025/pdf/ofr2015-1025.pdf","size":"54.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":298410,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1025/"},{"id":298412,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1025/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.6168212890625,\n              41.00270266805319\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.14190673828125,\n              41.00270266805319\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.1556396484375,\n              39.76210275375137\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.9853515625,\n              39.757879992021756\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.9908447265625,\n              39.38526381099774\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.83154296875,\n              39.38738660316804\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.853515625,\n              36.99377838872517\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.99884033203125,\n              36.99158465967016\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.985107421875,\n              38.37396220263092\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.64978027343749,\n              38.3868805698475\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.6168212890625,\n              41.00270266805319\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55000799e4b02419550fa5cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klein, Terry L. tklein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Terry","email":"tklein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70182712,"text":"70182712 - 2015 - Life history strategies of fish species and biodiversity in eastern USA streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T09:40:22","indexId":"70182712","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Life history strategies of fish species and biodiversity in eastern USA streams","docAbstract":"<p><span>Predictive models have been used to determine fish species that occur less frequently than expected (decreasers) and those that occur more frequently than expected (increasers) in streams in the eastern U.S. Coupling life history traits with 51 decreaser and 38 increaser fish species provided the opportunity to examine potential mechanisms associated with predicted changes in fish species distributions in eastern streams. We assigned six life history traits – fecundity, longevity, maturation age, maximum total length, parental care, and spawning season duration – to each fish species. Decreaser species were significantly smaller in size and shorter-lived with reduced fecundity and shorter spawning seasons compared to increaser species. Cluster analysis of traits revealed correspondence with a life history model defining equilibrium (low fecundity, high parental care), opportunistic (early maturation, low parental care), and periodic (late maturation, high fecundity, low parental care) end-point strategies. Nearly 50&nbsp;% of decreaser species were associated with an intermediate opportunistic-periodic strategy, suggesting that abiotic factors such as habitat specialization and streamflow alteration may serve as important influences on life history traits and strategies of decreaser species. In contrast, the percent of increaser species among life history strategy groups ranged from 21 to 32&nbsp;%, suggesting that life history strategies of increaser species were more diverse than those of decreaser species. This study highlights the utility of linking life history theory to biodiversity to better understand mechanisms that contribute to fish species distributions in the eastern U.S.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10641-014-0304-1","usgsCitation":"Meador, M., and Brown, L.M., 2015, Life history strategies of fish species and biodiversity in eastern USA streams: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 98, no. 2, p. 663-677, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-014-0304-1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"663","endPage":"677","ipdsId":"IP-051004","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"98","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548c2e4b01ccd54fddfca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meador, Michael R. mrmeador@usgs.gov","contributorId":615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"Michael R.","email":"mrmeador@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Larry M.","contributorId":184044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70141749,"text":"70141749 - 2015 - Geotechnical aspects in the epicentral region of the 2011, M<sub>w</sub>5.8 Mineral, Virginia earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T10:22:17","indexId":"70141749","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-04T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geotechnical aspects in the epicentral region of the 2011, M<sub>w</sub>5.8 Mineral, Virginia earthquake","docAbstract":"<p><span>A reconnaissance team documented the geotechnical and geological aspects in the epicentral region of the M</span><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;(moment magnitude) 5.8 Mineral, Virginia (USA), earthquake of 23 August 2011. Tectonically and seismically induced ground deformations, evidence of liquefaction, rock slides, river bank slumps, ground subsidence, performance of earthen dams, damage to public infrastructure and lifelines, and other effects of the earthquake were documented. This moderate earthquake provided the rare opportunity to collect data to help assess current geoengineering practices in the region, as well as to assess seismic performance of the aging infrastructure in the region. Ground failures included two marginal liquefaction sites, a river bank slump, four minor rockfalls, and a ~4-m-wide, ~12-m-long, ~0.3-m-deep subsidence on a residential property. Damage to lifelines included subsidence of the approaches for a bridge and a water main break to a heavily corroded, 5-cm-diameter valve in Mineral, Virginia. Observed damage to dams, landfills, and public-use properties included a small, shallow slide in the temporary (&ldquo;working&rdquo;) clay cap of the county landfill, damage to two earthen dams (one in the epicentral region and one further away near Bedford, Virginia), and substantial structural damage to two public school buildings.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.2509(09)","usgsCitation":"Green, R.A., Lasley, S., Carter, M.W., Munsey, J.W., Maurer, B.W., and Tuttle, M.P., 2015, Geotechnical aspects in the epicentral region of the 2011, M<sub>w</sub>5.8 Mineral, Virginia earthquake: GSA Special Papers, v. 509, p. 151-172, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.2509(09).","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"172","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054097","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Mineral","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.495849609375,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.495849609375,\n              39.918162846609455\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.77294921875,\n              39.918162846609455\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.77294921875,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.495849609375,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"509","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f82cafe4b02419550d99de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, Russell A.","contributorId":94708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Green","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lasley, Samuel","contributorId":139385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lasley","given":"Samuel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Mark W. 0000-0003-0460-7638 mcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-7638","contributorId":4808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Mark","email":"mcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Munsey, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":139386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munsey","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12759,"text":"TVA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maurer, Brett W.","contributorId":139387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maurer","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tuttle, Martitia P.","contributorId":139388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tuttle","given":"Martitia","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12760,"text":"Tuttle and Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70142328,"text":"70142328 - 2015 - Stochastic reservoir simulation for the modeling of uncertainty in coal seam degasification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-04T10:53:51","indexId":"70142328","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-04T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stochastic reservoir simulation for the modeling of uncertainty in coal seam degasification","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0015\">Coal seam degasification improves coal mine safety by reducing the gas content of coal seams and also by generating added value as an energy source. Coal seam reservoir simulation is one of the most effective ways to help with these two main objectives. As in all modeling and simulation studies, how the reservoir is defined and whether observed productions can be predicted are important considerations.</p>\n<p id=\"sp0020\">Using geostatistical realizations as spatial maps of different coal reservoir properties is a more realistic approach than assuming uniform properties across the field. In fact, this approach can help with simultaneous history matching of multiple wellbores to enhance the confidence in spatial models of different coal properties that are pertinent to degasification. The problem that still remains is the uncertainty in geostatistical simulations originating from the partial sampling of the seam that does not properly reflect the stochastic nature of coal property realizations. Stochastic simulations and using individual realizations, rather than E-type, make evaluation of uncertainty possible.</p>\n<p id=\"sp0025\">This work is an advancement over Karacan et al. (2014) in the sense of assessing uncertainty that stems from geostatistical maps. In this work, we batched 100 individual realizations of 10 coal properties that were randomly generated to create 100 bundles and used them in 100 separate coal seam reservoir simulations for simultaneous history matching. We then evaluated the history matching errors for each bundle and defined the single set of realizations that would minimize the error for all wells. We further compared the errors with those of E-type and the average realization of the best matches. Unlike in Karacan et al. (2014), which used E-type maps and average of quantile maps, using these 100 bundles created 100 different history match results from separate simulations, and distributions of results for in-place gas quantity, for example, from which uncertainty in coal property realizations could be evaluated.</p>\n<p id=\"sp0030\">The study helped to determine the realization bundle that consisted of the spatial maps of coal properties, which resulted in minimum error. In addition, it was shown that both E-type and the average of realizations that gave the best match for invidual approximated the same properties resonably. Moreover, the determined realization bundle showed that the study field initially had 151.5&nbsp;million&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;(cubic meter) of gas and 1.04&nbsp;million&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;water in the coal, corresponding to Q90 of the entire range of probability for gas and close to Q75 for water. In 2013, in-place fluid amounts decreased to 138.9&nbsp;million&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;and 0.997&nbsp;million&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;for gas and water, respectively.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.046","usgsCitation":"Karacan, C., and Olea, R., 2015, Stochastic reservoir simulation for the modeling of uncertainty in coal seam degasification: Fuel, v. 148, p. 87-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.046.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062278","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.046","text":"External Repository"},{"id":298276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.54592895507812,\n              39.00851330385611\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.54592895507812,\n              39.089034905217474\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.41134643554688,\n              39.089034905217474\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.41134643554688,\n              39.00851330385611\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.54592895507812,\n              39.00851330385611\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"148","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f82cb1e4b02419550d99e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karacan, C. Özgen 0000-0002-0947-8241","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-8241","contributorId":139554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karacan","given":"C. Özgen","affiliations":[{"id":12800,"text":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808 rolea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":1401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","email":"rolea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70139227,"text":"ds916 - 2015 - Geochronology of Cenozoic rocks in the Bodie Hills, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-03T08:39:00","indexId":"ds916","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-03T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"916","title":"Geochronology of Cenozoic rocks in the Bodie Hills, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this report is to present geochronologic data for unaltered volcanic rocks, hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks, and mineral deposits of the Miocene Bodie Hills and Pliocene to Pleistocene Aurora volcanic fields of east-central California and west-central Nevada. Most of the data presented here were derived from samples collected between 2000&ndash;13, but some of the geochronologic data, compiled from a variety of sources, pertain to samples collected during prior investigations. New data presented here (tables 1 and 2; Appendixes 1&ndash;3) were acquired in three U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)&nbsp;<sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar labs by three different geochronologists: Robert J. Fleck (Menlo Park, CA), Lawrence W. Snee (Denver, CO), and Michael A. Cosca (Denver, CO). Analytical methods and data derived from each of these labs are presented separately.</p>\n<p>The middle to late Miocene Bodie Hills volcanic field (BHVF) is a large (&gt;700 km<sup>2</sup>), long-lived (~9 million years [m.y.]), episodic eruptive complex (John and others, 2012) in the southern segment of the ancestral Cascades arc (du Bray and others, written commun., 2015) north of Mono Lake and east of Bridgeport, California (fig. 1). The field is near the west edge of the Walker Lane and the northwest edge of the Mina deflection where structures related to these shear zones may have localized magmatism. The Walker Lane (fig. 1) is a broad, northwest-striking zone of right-lateral shear that accommodates right-lateral motion between the Pacific and North America plates; the Mina deflection constitutes a 60-km-long right step in the Walker Lane (Faulds and Henry, 2008; Oldow, 1992, 2003; Stewart, 1988). The Bodie Hills volcanic field includes at least 31 volcanic rock units erupted from 21 significant volcanic eruptive centers.</p>\n<p>Four trachyandesite stratovolcanoes developed along the margins of the volcanic field and numerous silicic trachyandesite to rhyolite flow dome complexes erupted more centrally. Volcanism in the Bodie Hills volcanic field peaked at two periods, ~15.0 to 12.6 million years before present (Ma) and ~9.9 to 8.0 Ma, which were dominated by emplacement of large stratovolcanoes and large silicic trachyandesite-dacite lava domes, respectively. A final period of small-volume silicic dome emplacement began in the western part of the volcanic field at ~6 Ma and culminated at ~5.5 Ma (John and others, 2012).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds916","usgsCitation":"Fleck, R.J., du Bray, E.A., John, D.A., Vikre, P., Cosca, M.A., Snee, L., and Box, S.E., 2015, Geochronology of Cenozoic rocks in the Bodie Hills, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 916, Report: iii, 26 p.; 3 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds916.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 26 p.; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-060692","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds916.gif"},{"id":298232,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0916/"},{"id":298233,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0916/downloads/ds916_report.pdf","size":"4.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":298234,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0916/downloads/ds916_appendix1.xls","text":"Appendix 1","size":"709 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"Analytical results of CO2-laser-fusion and resistance-furnace incremental heating 40Ar/39Ar age determinations for samples of the Bodie Hills volcanic field."},{"id":298236,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0916/downloads/ds916_appendix3.xls","text":"Appendix 3","size":"26 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"Analytical results of CO2-laser incremental heating 40Ar/39Ar experiments (Denver lab, Cosca) for samples of the Bodie Hills volcanic field."},{"id":298235,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0916/downloads/ds916_appendix2.xls","text":"Appendix 2","size":"101 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"Analytical results of furnace incremental heating 40Ar/39Ar experiments (Denver lab, Snee) for samples of the Bodie Hills volcanic field."}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Bodie Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.32250976562499,\n              38.013476231041935\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.32250976562499,\n              38.453588708941375\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.7017822265625,\n              38.453588708941375\n            ],\n            [\n   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edubray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-8394","contributorId":755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"du Bray","given":"Edward","email":"edubray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vikre, Peter G. pvikre@usgs.gov","contributorId":1800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vikre","given":"Peter G.","email":"pvikre@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Snee, Lawrence W.","contributorId":81534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"Lawrence W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Box, Stephen E. 0000-0002-5268-8375 sbox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-8375","contributorId":1843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"Stephen","email":"sbox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70160104,"text":"70160104 - 2015 - Delicate balance of magmatic-tectonic interaction at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i, revealed from slow slip events: Chapter 13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T13:45:07","indexId":"70160104","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-01T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5371,"text":"Geophysical Monograph","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"13","title":"Delicate balance of magmatic-tectonic interaction at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i, revealed from slow slip events: Chapter 13","docAbstract":"<p>Eleven slow slip events (SSEs) have occurred on the southern flank of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai&rsquo;i, since 1997 through 2014. We analyze this series of SSEs in the context of Kilauea&rsquo;s magma system to assess whether or not there are interactions between these tectonic events and eruptive/intrusive activity. Over time, SSEs have increased in magnitude and become more regular, with interevent times averaging 2.44 &plusmn; 0.15 years since 2003. Two notable SSEs that impacted both the flank and the magmatic system occurred in 2007, when an intrusion and small eruption on the East Rift Zone were part of a feedback with a SSE and 2012, when slow slip induced 2.5 cm of East Rift Zone opening (but without any change in eruptive activity). A summit inflation event and surge in East Rift Zone lava effusion was associated with a SSE in 2005, but the inferred triggering relation is not clear due to a poorly constrained slip onset time. Our results demonstrate that slow slip along Kilauea&rsquo;s d&eacute;collement has the potential to trigger and be triggered by activity within the volcano&rsquo;s magma system. Since only three of the SSEs have been associated with changes in magmatic activity within the summit and rift zones, both the d&eacute;collement and magma system must be close to failure for triggering to occur.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hawaiian volcanoes: From source to surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"conferenceTitle":"AGU Chapman Conference","conferenceDate":"August 20-24, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Waikoloa, Hawai'i","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union; John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/9781118872079.ch13","isbn":"978-1-118-87204-8","usgsCitation":"Montgomery-Brown, E., Poland, M.P., and Miklius, A., 2015, Delicate balance of magmatic-tectonic interaction at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i, revealed from slow slip events: Chapter 13, chap. 13 <i>of</i> Hawaiian volcanoes: From source to surface: Geophysical Monograph, v. 208, p. 269-288, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118872079.ch13.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"288","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051769","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312206,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.2566432952881,\n              19.427986766674284\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24333953857422,\n              19.416816177675052\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24042129516602,\n              19.41139249889879\n            ],\n    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Valerie","contributorId":121509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayol","given":"Valerie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692137,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":127857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":692138,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weis, Dominique","contributorId":121531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weis","given":"Dominique","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692139,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Montgomery-Brown, Emily emontgomery-brown@usgs.gov","contributorId":150500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery-Brown","given":"Emily","email":"emontgomery-brown@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miklius, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886 asta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":2060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miklius","given":"Asta","email":"asta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70142327,"text":"70142327 - 2015 - <i>Plethodon cinerius</i> (eastern red-backed salamander) movement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T11:37:28","indexId":"70142327","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-01T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"<i>Plethodon cinerius</i> (eastern red-backed salamander) movement","docAbstract":"<p>Lungless salamanders (family Plethodontidae) are relatively sedentary and are presumed to have limited dispersal ability (Marsh et al. 2004. Ecology 85:3396&ndash;3405). Site fidelity in Plethodontidae is high, and individuals displaced 90 m return to home territories (Kleeberger and Werner 1982. Copeia 1982:409&ndash;415). Individuals defend territories (Jaeger et al. 1982. Anim. Behav. 30:490&ndash;496) and female home ranges have been estimated to be 24.34 m2 (Kleeberger and Werner 1982, op. cit.). Females may seek out suitable subsurface habitat to oviposit eggs, yet little is known about their maximum movement distances (Petranka 1998. Salamanders of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. 587 pp.).<br />On 18 September 2014, a female <i>P. cinereus</i> (lead back morphotype; SVL = 44.68 mm; 0.89 g) was found under a coverboard during a standard sampling event and uniquely marked using visual implant elastomer at the S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, Massachusetts, USA (42.59280&deg;N, 72.58070&deg;W, datum WGS84; elev. 74 m). This individual was subsequently recaptured at ~1500 h on 8 October 2014 under a coverboard within 3 m of the original capture location and then again ~1430 h on 16 October 2014 under a log, within the same forest patch, though in a 50 x 150 m area adjacent to the original study area. Because we found the marked salamander while collecting multiple individuals for a laboratory study, the exact recapture location of the marked individual is not known. However, the distance between the 8 October capture location and the nearest edge of the 16 October search area (i.e. 50 x 150 m) was 143 m, indicating a minimum movement distance. As far as we are aware, this is the longest recorded movement for <i>P. cinereus</i> by more than 53 m (Kleeberger and Werner 1982, op. cit.). This finding followed a rain event of 1.63 cm within 24 h and the second largest sustained rain event during October. The movement we observed may have been due to disturbance from handling and marking, although this was minimized in the field.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Sterrett, S., Brand, A.B., Fields, W.R., Katz, R.A., and Campbell Grant, E.H., 2015, <i>Plethodon cinerius</i> (eastern red-backed salamander) movement: Herpetological Review, v. 46, no. 1, p. 71-71.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061646","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":313931,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://necsc.umass.edu/biblio/plethodon-cinereus-eastern-red-backed-salamander-movement"}],"volume":"46","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568e48cbe4b0e7a44bc41822","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sterrett, Sean ssterrett@usgs.gov","contributorId":139553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sterrett","given":"Sean","email":"ssterrett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brand, Adrianne B. 0000-0003-2664-0041 abrand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2664-0041","contributorId":3352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"Adrianne","email":"abrand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fields, William R.","contributorId":152076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fields","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Katz, Rachel A.","contributorId":149995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Katz","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17882,"text":"Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":587803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70155113,"text":"70155113 - 2015 - Identifying the location and population served by domestic wells in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-05T13:10:48","indexId":"70155113","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3823,"text":"Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying the location and population served by domestic wells in California","docAbstract":"<h4 id=\"absSec_1\">Study region</h4>\n<p id=\"spar0005\">California, USA.</p>\n<h4 id=\"absSec_2\">Study focus</h4>\n<p id=\"spar0010\">Identification of groundwater use is an important step in the regional-scale assessment of groundwater quality. In California, 1990 US Census data indicate that domestic wells provide drinking-water to about 1.2 million people. However, the location of these domestic well users of groundwater is poorly identified because the census tracts can be quite large (up to 20,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>). The purposes of this paper are to present methods used for (1) estimating the location of domestic wells, (2) estimating the location of households using domestic well water; and (3) identifying where in California groundwater is an important source of domestic drinking supply.</p>\n<h4 id=\"absSec_3\">New hydrological insights for the region</h4>\n<p id=\"spar0015\">Aggregating the results indicates that three hydrogeologic provinces contain nearly 80% of all domestic wells and also have the highest density of domestic well users: Central Valley (31.6%), Sierra Nevada (31.5%), and Northern Coast Ranges (16.6%). Results were also aggregated into groundwater basins and highland areas, collectively called Groundwater Units (GUs). Twenty-eight of the 938 GUs contain more than 50% of the total population served by domestic wells, 70 GUs contain more than 75%, and 150 GUs contain 90%. The 28 GUs are mostly located in the eastern and southern San Joaquin Valley (11), the Sacramento Valley (7), and the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada province (5). Using the information presented in this research along with other information about domestic-well use, the US Geological Survey has begun sampling high-use GUs for the Shallow Aquifer Assessment component of the Groundwater Ambient Assessment (GAMA) program.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2014.09.002","usgsCitation":"Johnson, T.D., and Belitz, K., 2015, Identifying the location and population served by domestic wells in California: Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, v. 3, p. 31-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2014.09.002.","productDescription":"56 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"86","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055416","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2014.09.002","text":"Publisher Index 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,{"id":70136288,"text":"70136288 - 2015 - Two magma bodies beneath the summit of Kilauea Volcano unveiled by isotopically distinct melt deliveries from the mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T13:52:03","indexId":"70136288","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two magma bodies beneath the summit of Kilauea Volcano unveiled by isotopically distinct melt deliveries from the mantle","docAbstract":"<p><span>The summit magma storage reservoir of Kīlauea Volcano is one of the most important components of the magmatic plumbing system of this frequently active basaltic shield-building volcano. Here we use new high-precision Pb isotopic analyses of Kīlauea summit lavas&mdash;from 1959 to the active Halema&lsquo;uma&lsquo;u lava lake&mdash;to infer the number, size, and interconnectedness of magma bodies within the volcano's summit reservoir. From 1971 to 1982, the&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>204</sup><span>Pb ratios of the lavas define two separate magma mixing trends that correlate with differences in vent location and/or pre-eruptive magma temperature. These relationships, which contrast with a single magma mixing trend for lavas from 1959 to 1968, indicate that Kīlauea summit eruptions since at least 1971 were supplied from two distinct magma bodies. The locations of these magma bodies are inferred to coincide with two major deformation centers identified by geodetic monitoring of the volcano's summit region: (1) the main locus of the summit reservoir &sim;2&ndash;4 km below the southern rim of Kīlauea Caldera and (2) a shallower magma body &lt;2 km below the eastern rim of Halema&lsquo;uma&lsquo;u pit crater. Residence time modeling suggests that the total volume of magma within Kīlauea's summit reservoir during the late 20th century (1959&ndash;1982) was exceedingly small (&sim;0.1&ndash;0.5 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>). Voluminous Kīlauea eruptions, such as the ongoing, 32-yr old Pu&lsquo;u &lsquo;Ō&lsquo;ō rift eruption (&gt;4 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of lava erupted), must therefore be sustained by a nearly continuous supply of new melt from the mantle. The model results show that a minimum of four compositionally distinct, mantle-derived magma batches were delivered to the volcano (at least three directly to the summit reservoir) since 1959. These melt inputs correlate with the initiation of energetic (1959 Kīlauea Iki) and/or sustained (1969&ndash;1974 Mauna Ulu, 1983-present Pu&lsquo;u &lsquo;Ō&lsquo;ō and 2008-present Halema&lsquo;uma&lsquo;u) eruptions. Thus, Kīlauea's eruptive behavior is partly tied to the delivery of new magma batches from the volcano's source region within the Hawaiian mantle plume.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.040","usgsCitation":"Pietruszka, A.J., Heaton, D.E., Marske, J.P., and Garcia, M.O., 2015, Two magma bodies beneath the summit of Kilauea Volcano unveiled by isotopically distinct melt deliveries from the mantle: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 413, p. 90-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.040.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"100","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053879","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325028,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.20042419433594,\n              19.344188652729514\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.20042419433594,\n              19.38451428768728\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.12231826782227,\n              19.38451428768728\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.12231826782227,\n              19.344188652729514\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.20042419433594,\n              19.344188652729514\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"413","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784c346e4b0e02680be59f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pietruszka, Aaron J. 0000-0002-2826-9509 apietruszka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2826-9509","contributorId":4552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pietruszka","given":"Aaron","email":"apietruszka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heaton, Daniel E.","contributorId":172800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heaton","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marske, Jared P.","contributorId":172801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marske","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garcia, Michael O.","contributorId":51636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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