This report describes geophysical data acquired by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in San Andreas Reservoir and Upper and Lower Crystal Springs Reservoirs, San Mateo County, California, as part of an effort to refine knowledge of the location of traces of the San Andreas Fault within the reservoir system and to provide improved reservoir bathymetry for estimates of reservoir water volume. The surveys were conducted by the Western Coastal and Marine Geology (WCMG) Team of the USGS for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC). The data were acquired in three separate surveys: (1) in June 2007, personnel from WCMG completed a three-day survey of San Andreas Reservoir, collecting approximately 50 km of high-resolution Chirp subbottom seismic-reflection data; (2) in November 2007, WCMG conducted a swath-bathymetry survey of San Andreas reservoir; and finally (3) in April 2008, WCMG conducted a swath-bathymetry survey of both the upper and lower Crystal Springs Reservoir system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101030","usgsCitation":"Finlayson, D.P., Triezenberg, P., and Hart, P.E., 2010, Geophysical surveys of the San Andreas and Crystal Springs Reservoir system, including seismic-reflection profiles and swath bathymetry, San Mateo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1030, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101030.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":646,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology Team of the USGS for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402706,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93240.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13652,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1030/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Mateo County","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas and Crystal Springs Reservoir system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.41790771484375,\n 37.32976463711538\n ],\n [\n -122.16110229492186,\n 37.32976463711538\n ],\n [\n -122.16110229492186,\n 37.60335225883687\n ],\n [\n -122.41790771484375,\n 37.60335225883687\n ],\n [\n -122.41790771484375,\n 37.32976463711538\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e9b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finlayson, David P. dfinlayson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlayson","given":"David","email":"dfinlayson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Triezenberg, Peter J.","contributorId":32625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triezenberg","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98383,"text":"ofr20101080 - 2010 - Chemistry of selected core samples, concentrate, tailings, and tailings pond waters: Pea Ridge iron (-lanthanide-gold) deposit, Washington County, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-10T19:06:01.12288","indexId":"ofr20101080","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1080","title":"Chemistry of selected core samples, concentrate, tailings, and tailings pond waters: Pea Ridge iron (-lanthanide-gold) deposit, Washington County, Missouri","docAbstract":"The Minerals at Risk and for Emerging Technologies Project of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Resources Program is examining potential sources of lanthanide elements (rare earth elements) as part of its objective to provide up-to-date geologic information regarding mineral commodities likely to have increased demand in the near term. As part of the examination effort, a short visit was made to the Pea Ridge iron (-lanthanide-gold) deposit, Washington County, Missouri in October 2008. The deposit, currently owned by Wings Enterprises, Inc. of St. Louis, Missouri (Wings), contains concentrations of lanthanides that may be economic as a primary product or as a byproduct of iron ore production. This report tabulates the results of chemical analyses of the Pea Ridge samples and compares rare earth elements contents for world class lanthanide deposits with those of the Pea Ridge deposit. The data presented for the Pea Ridge deposit are preliminary and include some company data that have not been verified by the USGS or by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Land Survey (DGLS), Geological Survey Program (MGS). The inclusion of company data is for comparative purposes only and does not imply an endorsement by either the USGS or MGS.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101080","usgsCitation":"Grauch, R.I., Verplanck, P.L., Seeger, C.M., Budahn, J.R., and Van Gosen, B.S., 2010, Chemistry of selected core samples, concentrate, tailings, and tailings pond waters: Pea Ridge iron (-lanthanide-gold) deposit, Washington County, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1080, Report: iii, 15 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101080.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 15 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1080.jpg"},{"id":402064,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93118.htm"},{"id":13634,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1080/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","county":"Washington County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.0489,\n 38.1261\n ],\n [\n -91.0475,\n 38.1261\n ],\n [\n -91.0475,\n 38.1283\n ],\n [\n -91.0489,\n 38.1283\n ],\n [\n -91.0489,\n 38.1261\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dee4b07f02db5e280c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, Richard I. 0000-0002-1763-0813 rgrauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0813","contributorId":1193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"Richard","email":"rgrauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seeger, Cheryl M.","contributorId":63848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeger","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Budahn, James R. 0000-0001-9794-8882 jbudahn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":1175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"James","email":"jbudahn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98391,"text":"ofr20091028 - 2010 - A Review of Land-Cover Mapping Activities in Coastal Alabama and Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:53","indexId":"ofr20091028","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1028","title":"A Review of Land-Cover Mapping Activities in Coastal Alabama and Mississippi","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\nLand-use and land-cover (LULC) data provide important information for environmental management. Data pertaining to land-cover and land-management activities are a common requirement for spatial analyses, such as watershed modeling, climate change, and hazard assessment. In coastal areas, land development, storms, and shoreline modification amplify the need for frequent and detailed land-cover datasets. The northern Gulf of Mexico coastal area is no exception. The impact of severe storms, increases in urban area, dramatic changes in land cover, and loss of coastal-wetland habitat all indicate a vital need for reliable and comparable land-cover data. \r\n\r\nFour main attributes define a land-cover dataset: the date/time of data collection, the spatial resolution, the type of classification, and the source data. The source data are the foundation dataset used to generate LULC classification and are typically remotely sensed data, such as aerial photography or satellite imagery. These source data have a large influence on the final LULC data product, so much so that one can classify LULC datasets into two general groups: LULC data derived from aerial photography and LULC data derived from satellite imagery. The final LULC data can be converted from one format to another (for instance, vector LULC data can be converted into raster data for analysis purposes, and vice versa), but each subsequent dataset maintains the imprint of the source medium within its spatial accuracy and data features. The source data will also influence the spatial and temporal resolution, as well as the type of classification.\r\n\r\nThe intended application of the LULC data typically defines the type of source data and methodology, with satellite imagery being selected for large landscapes (state-wide, national data products) and repeatability (environmental monitoring and change analysis). The coarse spatial scale and lack of refined land-use categories are typical drawbacks to satellite-based land-use classifications. Aerial photography is typically selected for smaller landscapes (watershed-basin scale), for greater definition of the land-use categories, and for increased spatial resolution. Disadvantages of using photography include time-consuming digitization, high costs for imagery collection, and lack of seasonal data. Recently, the availability of high-resolution satellite imagery has generated a new category of LULC data product. These new datasets have similar strengths to the aerial-photo-based LULC in that they possess the potential for refined definition of land-use categories and increased spatial resolution but also have the benefit of satellite-based classifications, such as repeatability for change analysis. LULC classification based on high-resolution satellite imagery is still in the early stages of development but merits greater attention because environmental-monitoring and landscape-modeling programs rely heavily on LULC data.\r\n\r\nThis publication summarizes land-use and land-cover mapping activities for Alabama and Mississippi coastal areas within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility Project boundaries. Existing LULC datasets will be described, as well as imagery data sources and ancillary data that may provide ground-truth or satellite training data for a forthcoming land-cover classification. Finally, potential areas for a high-resolution land-cover classification in the Alabama-Mississippi region will be identified.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091028","usgsCitation":"Smith, K., Nayegandhi, A., and Brock, J., 2010, A Review of Land-Cover Mapping Activities in Coastal Alabama and Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1028, iv, 19 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091028.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1028.jpg"},{"id":13642,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1028/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.33333333333333,29.666666666666668 ], [ -90.33333333333333,31.416666666666668 ], [ -87,31.416666666666668 ], [ -87,29.666666666666668 ], [ -90.33333333333333,29.666666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4967e4b0b290850ef21d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kathryn E. L.","contributorId":20860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathryn E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98390,"text":"ofr20101073 - 2010 - Water-Quality Data from Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 2007-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"ofr20101073","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1073","title":"Water-Quality Data from Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 2007-08","docAbstract":"Significant Findings\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey Upper Klamath Lake water-quality monitoring program collected data from multiparameter continuous water-quality monitors, weekly water-quality samples, and meteorological stations during May-November 2007 and 2008. The results of these measurements and sample analyses are presented in this report for 29 stations on Upper Klamath Lake and 2 stations on Agency Lake, as well as quality-assurance data for the water-quality samples. Some of the significant findings from 2007 and 2008 are listed below.\r\n\r\nIn 2007-08, ammonia concentrations were at or near the detection limit at all stations during the second week in June, after which they began to increase, with peak concentrations occurring from July through November. \r\nThe concentration of un-ionized ammonia, which can be toxic to aquatic life, first began to increase in mid-June and peaked in July or August at most sites. Concentrations of un-ionized ammonia measured in the Upper Klamath Lake in 2007-08 did not reach concentrations that would have been potentially lethal to suckers. \r\nSamples collected for the analysis of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) late in the 2007 season showed no evidence of an increase in DOC subsequent to the breaching of the Williamson River Delta levees on October 30. \r\nIn 2007-08, the lakewide daily median of dissolved oxygen concentration began to increase in early June, and peaked in mid- to late June. \r\nThe lakewide daily median pH began to increase from early June and peaked in late June (2007) or early July (2008). Lakewide daily median pH slowly decreased during the rest of both seasons. \r\nThe 2007 lakewide daily median specific conductance values first peaked on July 1, coincident with a peak in dissolved oxygen concentration and pH, followed by a decrease through mid-July. Specific conductance then remained relatively stable until mid-October when a sharp increase began that continued until the end of the season. Lakewide specific conductance values for 2008 steadily increased through the season to a maximum in late September. \r\nLakewide daily median temperatures in both years began to increase during the beginning of June and peaked in July. These temperatures persisted until late August to early September when a gradual decrease occurred. \r\nIn 2007-08, water-quality conditions monitored at the Agency Lake northern and southern stations were similar to those in Klamath Lake. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101073","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Kannarr, K.E., Tanner, D.Q., Lindenberg, M.K., and Wood, T.M., 2010, Water-Quality Data from Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 2007-08: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1073, Report: vi, 28 p.; Appendices , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101073.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 28 p.; Appendices ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1073.jpg"},{"id":13641,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1073/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,42.21666666666667 ], [ -121.75,42.6 ], [ -122.16666666666667,42.6 ], [ -122.16666666666667,42.21666666666667 ], [ -121.75,42.21666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4a5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kannarr, Kristofor E.","contributorId":76037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kannarr","given":"Kristofor","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanner, Dwight Q.","contributorId":93452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindenberg, Mary K.","contributorId":40290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindenberg","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98389,"text":"ofr20101058 - 2010 - Preliminary Investigation of Paleochannels and Groundwater Specific Conductance using Direct-Current Resistivity and Surface-Wave Seismic Geophysical Surveys at the Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc., Superfund Site, Delaware City, Delaware, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"ofr20101058","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1058","title":"Preliminary Investigation of Paleochannels and Groundwater Specific Conductance using Direct-Current Resistivity and Surface-Wave Seismic Geophysical Surveys at the Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc., Superfund Site, Delaware City, Delaware, 2008","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Region III of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the State of Delaware, is conducting an ongoing study of the water-quality and hydrogeologic properties of the Columbia and Potomac aquifers and the extent of cross-aquifer contamination with benzene; chlorobenzene; 1,2-dichlorobenzene; 1,4-dichlorobenzene; and hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid when dissolved in water) in the vicinity of the Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc. (SCD), Superfund Site, Delaware City, Delaware. Surface geophysical surveys and well data were used to identify and correlate low-permeability units (clays) across the site and to search for sand and gravel filled paleochannels that are potential conduits and receptors of contaminated groundwater and (or) Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) contaminants. The combined surveys and well data were also used to characterize areas of the site that have groundwater with elevated (greater than 1,000 microsiemens per centimeter) specific conductance (SC) as a result of contamination.\r\n\r\nThe most electrically conductive features measured with direct-current (DC) resistivity at the SCD site are relatively impermeable clays and permeable sediment that are associated with elevated SC in groundwater. Many of the resistive features include paleochannel deposits consisting of coarse-grained sediments that are unsaturated, have low (less than 200 microsiemens per centimeter) SC pore water, or are cemented. Groundwater in uncontaminated parts of the Columbia aquifer and of the Potomac aquifer has a low SC. Specific-conductance data from monitoring wells at the site were used to corroborate the DC-resistivity survey results. For comparison with DC-resistivity surveys, multi-channel analysis of surface wave (MASW) surveys were used and were able to penetrate deep enough to measure the Columbia aquifer, which is known to have elevated SC in some places. MASW survey results respond to solid material stiffness; clays and cemented sediments will have a higher velocity than silts, sands, and gravels (in order of increasing hydraulic conductivity).\r\n\r\nGeophysical surveys detected elevated SC associated with contamination of the surficial Columbia aquifer. Groundwater with elevated SC over ambient (by an order of magnitude) produced a decrease in measured resistivity at the SCD site. Where SC data are not available from wells, it is not known if a low resistivity value measured with DC resistivity alone results from the geologic material (clay) or elevated SC in groundwater (in sand or gravel). Seismic surface waves used as part of the MASW technique are not affected by water content or quality and are used herein to distinguish between sand and clay when SC is high. Through concurrent interpretation of MASW and DC-resistivity surveys, information was gained about water quality and lithology over large areas at the SCD site.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101058","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Degnan, J.R., and Brayton, M.J., 2010, Preliminary Investigation of Paleochannels and Groundwater Specific Conductance using Direct-Current Resistivity and Surface-Wave Seismic Geophysical Surveys at the Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc., Superfund Site, Delaware City, Delaware, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1058, viii, 27 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101058.","productDescription":"viii, 27 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1058.jpg"},{"id":13640,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1058/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,38.333333333333336 ], [ -76,40 ], [ -74.33333333333333,40 ], [ -74.33333333333333,38.333333333333336 ], [ -76,38.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e4ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Degnan, James R. 0000-0002-5665-9010 jrdegnan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5665-9010","contributorId":498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Degnan","given":"James","email":"jrdegnan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brayton, Michael J. mbrayton@usgs.gov","contributorId":2993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brayton","given":"Michael","email":"mbrayton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98384,"text":"ofr20101083A - 2010 - Seismicity of the Earth 1900–2010: Caribbean plate and vicinity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-29T21:22:15.359393","indexId":"ofr20101083A","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1083","chapter":"A","title":"Seismicity of the Earth 1900–2010: Caribbean plate and vicinity","docAbstract":"Extensive diversity of tectonic regimes characterizes the perimeter of the Caribbean plate, involving no fewer than four major adjacent plates (North America, South America, Nazca, and Cocos). Inclined zones of deep earthquakes (Wadati-Benioff zones), deep ocean trenches, and arcs of volcanoes clearly indicate subduction of oceanic lithosphere along the Central American and Atlantic Ocean margins of the Caribbean plate, while shallow seismicity and focal mechanisms of major shocks in Guatemala, northern Venezuela, and the Cayman Ridge and Cayman Trench indicate transform fault and pull-apart basin tectonics.\nThe depth profile panels on this map portray earthquakes that extend from the Middle America Trench axis in the west to depths as great as 300 km beneath Guatemala, and from the Lesser Antilles Trench axis in the east to depths of approximately 200 km beneath Guadeloupe and the northeast Caribbean. In contrast, seismicity along the segments of the Caribbean plate margins from Guatemala to Hispaniola and from Trinidad to western Venezuela is indicative of transform fault tectonics.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101083A","usgsCitation":"Benz, H.M., Tarr, A.C., Hayes, G., Villasenor, A.H., Furlong, K.P., Dart, R.L., and Rhea, S., 2010, Seismicity of the Earth 1900–2010: Caribbean plate and vicinity (Revised September 2011): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1083, 1 Plate: 36.04 inches x 24.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101083A.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 36.04 inches x 24.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1083_a.jpg"},{"id":13635,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1083/a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"8000000","otherGeospatial":"Caribbean plate and vicinity","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97,-2 ], [ -97,24 ], [ -55,24 ], [ -55,-2 ], [ -97,-2 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Revised September 2011","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e771f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tarr, Arthur C. atarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarr","given":"Arthur","email":"atarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Villasenor, Antonio H. 0000-0001-8592-4832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8592-4832","contributorId":38186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villasenor","given":"Antonio","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furlong, Kevin P. 0000-0002-2674-5110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-5110","contributorId":19576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furlong","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dart, Richard L. dart@usgs.gov","contributorId":1209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dart","given":"Richard","email":"dart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rhea, Susan","contributorId":81110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhea","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":98382,"text":"ofr20101059 - 2010 - Earthquakes in South Carolina and Vicinity 1698-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:53","indexId":"ofr20101059","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1059","title":"Earthquakes in South Carolina and Vicinity 1698-2009","docAbstract":"This map summarizes more than 300 years of South Carolina earthquake history. It is one in a series of three similar State earthquake history maps. The current map and the previous two for Virginia and Ohio are accessible at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1017/ and http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1221/. All three State earthquake maps were collaborative efforts between the U.S. Geological Survey and respective State agencies. Work on the South Carolina map was done in collaboration with the Department of Geological Sciences, University of South Carolina.\r\n\r\nAs with the two previous maps, the history of South Carolina earthquakes was derived from letters, journals, diaries, newspaper accounts, academic journal articles, and, beginning in the early 20th century, instrumental recordings (seismograms). All historical (preinstrumental) earthquakes that were large enough to be felt have been located based on felt reports. Some of these events caused damage to buildings and their contents. The more recent widespread use of seismographs has allowed many smaller earthquakes, previously undetected, to be recorded and accurately located. The seismicity map shows historically located and instrumentally recorded earthquakes in and near South Carolina\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101059","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of South Carolina and the Department of Geological Sciences","usgsCitation":"Dart, R.L., Talwani, P., and Stevenson, D., 2010, Earthquakes in South Carolina and Vicinity 1698-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1059, 1 p.; Sheet 48 x 35.80 inches. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101059.","productDescription":"1 p.; Sheet 48 x 35.80 inches. ","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1059.jpg"},{"id":13632,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1059/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","projection":"Albers Conic Equal-Area Projection","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84,32 ], [ -84,36 ], [ -78,36 ], [ -78,32 ], [ -84,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db62968e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dart, Richard L. dart@usgs.gov","contributorId":1209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dart","given":"Richard","email":"dart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Talwani, Pradeep","contributorId":57854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talwani","given":"Pradeep","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stevenson, Donald","contributorId":20863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevenson","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98379,"text":"ofr20101086 - 2010 - Channel Maintenance and Flushing Flows for the Klamath River Below Iron Gate Dam, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:03","indexId":"ofr20101086","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1086","title":"Channel Maintenance and Flushing Flows for the Klamath River Below Iron Gate Dam, California","docAbstract":"The Klamath River is a major river in northern California and southern Oregon. Iron Gate Dam divides the river into the two subunits where there is a significant change in utilization of the river. Downstream of Iron Gate Dam, the river is very important for the propagation of salmon. To address concerns relating to substrate conditions in the mainstem Klamath River below Iron Gate Dam, the Arcata, California, office of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service contracted with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to determine flushing flows required to improve and maintain quality spawning and rearing habitats for salmon, and to reduce the abundance of preferred habitats of the polychaete worm suspected of being the intermediate host for Ceratomyxa shasta, a species of bacteria that infects fish. \r\n\r\nHistorically, the river has had the capacity to move sediment just below Iron Gate Reservoir, but there have been periods when the capacity was very low. The results indicate that if the future is more like the pre-1961 period (low transport capacity) than the more recent period, there will be significant sediment issues in the Klamath River below Iron Gate Dam. It seems that during normal or wet years, winter months, and periods of high flow, sediments are flushed either downstream or deposited on higher surfaces. The recent drought conditions during 2000-2005 probably resulted in extensive fine-grained sedimentation along the river, which in turn may have caused increased establishment of aquatic vegetation and increased concentrations of C. shasta. It appears that releases from Iron Gate Dam as far downstream as Seiad Valley are important in maintaining flow conditions to flush the fines and clean the gravels in the river during summer months, or during drought years. Sediment transport studies indicate that supplemental flows during dry or drought conditions may provide some flushing flows in reaches downstream of the dam. For purposes of flushing fine sediments during drought years or dry summer months, flows in the range of 2,500-5,000 cubic feet per second during a period of days may be necessary. Providing these types of flows in a manner similar to a storm pulse would provide the best opportunity to flush the fines and clean some of the gravels given the upper ranges of flows are achieved.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101086","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Holmquist-Johnson, C.L., and Milhous, R.T., 2010, Channel Maintenance and Flushing Flows for the Klamath River Below Iron Gate Dam, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1086, v, 21 p.; Appendices , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101086.","productDescription":"v, 21 p.; Appendices ","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1086.jpg"},{"id":13629,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1086/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e6627","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmquist-Johnson, Cristopher L.","contributorId":50247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmquist-Johnson","given":"Cristopher","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98371,"text":"ofr20091268 - 2010 - Temporal chemical data for sediment, water, and biological samples from the Lava Cap Mine Superfund site, Nevada County, California— 2006–2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-31T21:28:00.198834","indexId":"ofr20091268","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1268","title":"Temporal chemical data for sediment, water, and biological samples from the Lava Cap Mine Superfund site, Nevada County, California— 2006–2008","docAbstract":"The Lava Cap Mine is located about 6 km east of the city of Grass Valley, Nevada County, California, at an elevation of about 900 m. Gold was hosted in quartz-carbonate veins typical of the Sierran Gold Belt, but the gold grain size was smaller and the abundance of sulfide minerals higher than in typical deposits. The vein system was discovered in 1860, but production was sporadic until the 1930s when two smaller operations on the site were consolidated, a flotation mill was built, and a 100-foot deep adit was driven to facilitate drainage and removal of water from the mine workings, which extended to 366 m. Peak production at the Lava Cap occurred between 1934 and 1943, when about 90,000 tons of ore per year were processed. To facilitate removal of the gold and accessory sulfide minerals, the ore was crushed to a very fine sand or silt grain size for processing. Mining operations at Lava Cap ceased in June 1943 due to War Production Board Order L-208 and did not resume after the end of World War II.
Two tailings retention structures were built at the Lava Cap Mine. The first was a log dam located about 0.4 km below the flotation mill on Little Clipper Creek, and the second, built in 1938, was a larger earth fill and rip-rap structure constructed about 2 km downstream, which formed the water body now called Lost Lake. The log dam failed during a storm that began on December 31, 1996, and continued into January 1997; an estimated 8,000-10,000 m3 of tailings were released into Little Clipper Creek during this event. Most of the fine tailings were deposited in Lost Lake, dramatically increasing its turbidity and resulting in a temporary 1-1.5 m rise in lake level due to debris blocking the dam spillway. When the blockage was cleared, the lake level quickly lowered, leaving a \"bathtub ring\" of very fine tailings deposited substantially above the water line. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) initiated emergency action in late 1997 at the mine site to reduce the possibility of future movement of tailings, and began an assessment of the risks posed by physical and chemical hazards at the site.
The EPA's assessment identified arsenic (As) as the primary hazard of concern. Three main exposure routes were identified: inhalation/ingestion of mine tailings, dermal absorption/ingestion of As in lake water from swimming, and ingestion of As-contaminated ground water or surface water. Lost Lake is a private lake which is completely surrounded by low-density residential development. Prior to the dam failure, the lake was used by the local residents for swimming and boating. An estimated 1,776 people reside within one mile of the lake, and almost all residents of the area use potable groundwater for domestic use. Risk factors for human exposure to As derived from mine wastes were high enough to merit placement of the mine site and surrounding area on the National Priority List (commonly called \"Superfund\").
The Lava Cap Mine Superfund site (LCMS) encompasses approximately 33 acres that include the mine site, the stretch of Little Clipper Creek between the mine and Lost Lake, the lake itself, and the area between the lake and the confluence of Little Clipper Creek with its parent stream, Clipper Creek. The area between the two creeks is named the \"deposition area\" due to the estimated 24 m thick layer of tailings that were laid down there during and after active mining. The lobate structure of Lost Lake is also due to deposition in this area. The deposition area and Lost Lake are together estimated to contain 382,277 m3 of tailings.
The primary goals of the EPA have been to minimize tailings movement downstream of Lost Lake and to ensure that residents in the area have drinking water that meets national water quality standards. EPA has officially decided to construct a public water supply line to deliver safe water to affected residences, since some residential wells in the area have As concentrations above the current drinking water standard (10 ppb). However, some deeper monitoring wells in the deposition
area have As concentrations that are as much as 100 times the As drinking water standard (EPA, 2001). Fracture-dominated groundwater flowpaths complicate measurement of the rate and direction of groundwater flow in the area. Investigations of groundwater movement at the LCMS are planned by the EPA, but have not been undertaken at the time of this writing.
The myriad definitions of soil/ecosystem quality or health are often driven by ecosystem and management concerns, and they typically focus on the ability of the soil to provide functions relating to biological productivity and/or environmental quality. A variety of attempts have been made to create indices that quantify the complexities of soil quality and provide a means of evaluating the impact of various natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Though not without their limitations, indices can improve our understanding of the controls behind ecosystem processes and allow for the distillation of information to help link scientific and management communities. In terrestrial systems, indices were initially developed and modified for agroecosystems; however, the number of studies implementing such indices in nonagricultural systems is growing. Soil quality indices (SQIs) are typically composed of biological (and sometimes physical and chemical) parameters that attempt to reduce the complexity of a system into a metric of a soil’s ability to carry out one or more functions.
The indicators utilized in SQIs can be as varied as the studies themselves, reflecting the complexity of the soil and ecosystems in which they function. Regardless, effective soil quality indicators should correlate well with soil or ecosystem processes, integrate those properties and processes, and be relevant to management practices. Commonly applied biological indicators include measures associated with soil microbial activity or function (for example, carbon and nitrogen mineralization, respiration, microbial biomass, enzyme activity. Cost, accessibility, ease of interpretation, and presence of existing data often dictate indicator selection given the number of available measures. We employed a large number of soil biological, chemical, and physical measures, along with measures of vegetation cover, density, and productivity, in order to test the utility and sensitivity of these measures within various mineralized terranes. We were also interested in examining these relations in the context of determining appropriate reference conditions with which to compare reclamation efforts.
The purpose of this report is to present the data used to develop indices of soil and ecosystem quality associated with mineralized terranes (areas enriched in metal-bearing minerals), specifically podiform chromite, quartz alunite, and Mo/Cu porphyry systems. Within each of these mineralized terranes, a nearby unmineralized counterpart was chosen for comparison. The data consist of soil biological, chemical, and physical parameters, along with vegetation measurements for each of the sites described below. Synthesis of these data and index development will be the subject of future publications.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101040","usgsCitation":"Blecker, S.W., Stillings, L., Amacher, M.C., Ippolito, J.A., and DeCrappeo, N.M., 2010, Ecosystem health in mineralized terrane — Data from podiform chromite (Chinese Camp mining district, California), quartz alunite (Castle Peak and Masonic mining districts, Nevada/California), and Mo/Cu porphyry (Battle Mountain mining district, Nevada) deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1040, Report: v, 38 p.; Appendix Tables Folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101040.","productDescription":"Report: v, 38 p.; Appendix Tables Folder","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":661,"text":"Western Mineral Resources Science Center-Menlo Park Office","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1040.jpg"},{"id":392653,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93113.htm"},{"id":13619,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1040/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Chinese Camp mining district","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.45,\n 37.7833\n ],\n [\n -120.35,\n 37.7833\n ],\n [\n -120.35,\n 37.8833\n ],\n [\n -120.45,\n 37.8833\n ],\n [\n -120.45,\n 37.7833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6259aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blecker, Steve W.","contributorId":7390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blecker","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stillings, Lisa L. 0000-0002-9011-8891 stilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-8891","contributorId":3143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"Lisa L.","email":"stilling@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amacher, Michael C.","contributorId":44949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amacher","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ippolito, James A.","contributorId":70880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ippolito","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeCrappeo, Nicole M.","contributorId":92383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeCrappeo","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98370,"text":"ofr20091001 - 2010 - Geological Interpretation of the Sea Floor Offshore of Edgartown, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:44","indexId":"ofr20091001","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1001","title":"Geological Interpretation of the Sea Floor Offshore of Edgartown, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Gridded bathymetry and sidescan-sonar imagery together cover approximately 37.3 square kilometers of sea floor in the vicinity of Edgartown Harbor, Massachusetts. 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This volume is a compilation of the reports already provided to the Forest Service by the author in fiscal years 2006-2009 (October 2006-September 2009). Altogether, the reports describe the geology and locatable mineral resource potential of 57 properties offered in 10 land-exchange proposals. Approximately 41,084 acres were evaluated: 19,068 acres in Federal parcels and 22,016 acres in non-Federal parcels. The parcels are located in eight National Forests and one National Grassland in three States.\r\n\r\nLocatable Mineral Reports provide a summary of the geology and a subjective appraisal of the mineral resource potential of land parcels considered for exchange. Information in each report is based on a review of published maps and reports, unpublished data in U.S. Geological Survey files, the professional expertise of the writer, and interviews with other knowledgeable geoscientists. No visits were conducted to support the reports included in this volume. The mineral resource information provided is used in making relative comparisons of the potential future mineral value of lands being offered in an exchange and in appraising the value of the land. Future mineral potential value is subjectively expressed in qualitative terms using a three-tier nomenclature of 'high,' 'moderate,' and 'low.' In general, 'high' is applied where mineral deposits are present on the property or adjacent to it or there are other indications that the area has been mineralized. 'Moderate' is applied where mineralization is only suspected or where an area possesses some of the same geologic characteristics that are common to areas around known mineral deposits. A 'low' value is routinely applied to all remaining areas, with the understanding that the information required to prove the absence of any mineral resource potential will never be available. Copies of the reports reside in U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resource Program and USDA Forest Service files.\r\n\r\nTen reports are included in this volume. They are grouped by State, then alphabetically by Forest. Each starts with a cover letter and title page. Geologic descriptions of properties, their mineral potential, and references make up the main body of each report. Legal descriptions of the property locations (either verbatim or paraphrased from descriptions supplied by the Forest Service) are included as attachments designated Exhibits A and B. Also included as attachments are the report request from the USDA Forest Service and any index maps, geologic maps, or other figures or illustrations that are provided for the convenience of the Forest Service minerals examiner. Page numbers for each individual report are retained: the larger number at the bottom of each page is the pagination for this volume.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101084","usgsCitation":"Wilson, A.B., 2010, Locatable Mineral Reports for Colorado, South Dakota, and Wyoming provided to the USDA Forest Service in Fiscal Years 2006-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1084, v, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101084.","productDescription":"v, 111 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-10-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1084.jpg"},{"id":401795,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a68e4b07f02db63b2c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Anna B. 0000-0002-9737-2614 awilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-2614","contributorId":1619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Anna","email":"awilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98357,"text":"ofr20101071 - 2010 - Summary of Organic Wastewater Compounds and Other Water-Quality Data in Charles County, Maryland, October 2007 through August 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:51","indexId":"ofr20101071","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1071","title":"Summary of Organic Wastewater Compounds and Other Water-Quality Data in Charles County, Maryland, October 2007 through August 2008","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the government of Charles County, Maryland, and the Port Tobacco River Conservancy, Inc., conducted a water-quality reconnaissance and sampling investigation of the Port Tobacco River and Nanjemoy Creek watersheds in Charles County during October 2007 and June-August 2008. Samples were collected and analyzed for major ions, nutrients, organic wastewater compounds, and other selected constituents from 17 surface-water sites and 11 well sites (5 of which were screened in streambed sediments to obtain porewater samples). Most of the surface-water sites were relatively widely spaced throughout the Port Tobacco River and Nanjemoy Creek watersheds, although the well sites and some associated surface-water sites were concentrated in one residential community along the Port Tobacco River that has domestic septic systems. Sampling for enterococci bacteria was conducted by the Port Tobacco River Conservancy, Inc., at each site to coordinate with the sampling for chemical constituents. The purpose of the coordinated sampling was to determine correlations between historically high, in-stream bacteria counts and human wastewater inputs. Chemical data for the groundwater, porewater, and surface-water samples are presented in this report.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101071","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Charles County Government\r\nand the Port Tobacco River Conservancy, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Lorah, M.M., Soeder, D.J., and Teunis, J.A., 2010, Summary of Organic Wastewater Compounds and Other Water-Quality Data in Charles County, Maryland, October 2007 through August 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1071, v, 19 p.; 3 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101071.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.; 3 Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1071.jpg"},{"id":13604,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1071/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.25,38.3675 ], [ -77.25,38.6175 ], [ -76.86749999999999,38.6175 ], [ -76.86749999999999,38.3675 ], [ -77.25,38.3675 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6994da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorah, Michelle M. 0000-0002-9236-587X mmlorah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-587X","contributorId":1437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"Michelle","email":"mmlorah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soeder, Daniel J.","contributorId":70040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soeder","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teunis, Jessica A. jateunis@usgs.gov","contributorId":5657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teunis","given":"Jessica","email":"jateunis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98345,"text":"ofr20101089 - 2010 - Long-Billed Curlew Breeding Success on Mid-Columbia River National Wildlife Refuges, South-Central Washington and North-Central Oregon, 2007-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:35","indexId":"ofr20101089","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1089","title":"Long-Billed Curlew Breeding Success on Mid-Columbia River National Wildlife Refuges, South-Central Washington and North-Central Oregon, 2007-08","docAbstract":"Long-billed curlew (Numenius americanus) reproductive success was evaluated on the Mid-Columbia River National Wildlife Refuges of south-central Washington and north-central Oregon during the 2007 and 2008 breeding seasons. Additionally, we assisted the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in collecting information on distribution, abundance, and brood habitat for this shorebird species of conservation concern. A total of 32 breeding pairs were located on the refuges in 2007 and 35 pairs were located in 2008. We monitored 17 nests in 2007 and 23 nests in 2008. Curlew pairs were most abundant on Hanford Reach National Monument in 2007 but more nests were located on Umatilla National Wildlife Refuge in both years, with Columbia National Wildlife Refuge supporting few pairs. Nest success was 23.6 percent in 2007 and 32.9 percent in 2008 after taking into account exposure time and combining data for all the refuges. We were unable to detect any relationship between nest success and habitat type or habitat variables measured. However, our study was the first to document use of agricultural fields on the refuge as curlew nest habitat. We collected 39 and 28 brood locations in 2007 and 2008, respectively, and many observations were likely resightings of the same brood. Broods used a similar variety of habitats as nesting curlew and no clear habitat use pattern was detected.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101089","usgsCitation":"Stocking, J., Elliott-Smith, E., Holcomb, N., and Haig, S.M., 2010, Long-Billed Curlew Breeding Success on Mid-Columbia River National Wildlife Refuges, South-Central Washington and North-Central Oregon, 2007-08: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1089, iv, 28 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101089.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13594,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1089/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63ece1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stocking, Jessica","contributorId":104167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stocking","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott-Smith, Elise eelliott-smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":3645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott-Smith","given":"Elise","email":"eelliott-smith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holcomb, Neil","contributorId":10887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holcomb","given":"Neil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98342,"text":"ofr20101072 - 2010 - Thermal Maturity Data Used by the U.S. Geological Survey for the U.S. Gulf Coast Region Oil and Gas Assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:44","indexId":"ofr20101072","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1072","title":"Thermal Maturity Data Used by the U.S. Geological Survey for the U.S. Gulf Coast Region Oil and Gas Assessment","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is currently assessing the oil and natural gas resources of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico region using a total petroleum system approach. An essential part of this geologically based method is evaluating the effectiveness of potential source rocks in the petroleum system. The purpose of this report is to make available to the public RockEval and vitrinite reflectance data from more than 1,900 samples of Mesozoic and Tertiary rock core and coal samples in the Gulf of Mexico area in a format that facilitates inclusion into a geographic information system. These data provide parameters by which the thermal maturity, type, and richness of potential sources of oil and gas in this region can be evaluated. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101072","usgsCitation":"Dennen, K., Warwick, P.D., and McDade, E.C., 2010, Thermal Maturity Data Used by the U.S. Geological Survey for the U.S. Gulf Coast Region Oil and Gas Assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1072, Report: iii, 7 p.; Appendix (xls), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101072.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 7 p.; Appendix (xls)","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1072.jpg"},{"id":13590,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1072/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4c32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dennen, Kristin O.","contributorId":61437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennen","given":"Kristin O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDade, Elizabeth Chinn","contributorId":59899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDade","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"Chinn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98338,"text":"ofr20101063 - 2010 - Digital tabulation of geologic and hydrologic data from wells in the northern San Francisco Bay region, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T21:40:25.068848","indexId":"ofr20101063","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1063","title":"Digital tabulation of geologic and hydrologic data from wells in the northern San Francisco Bay region, northern California","docAbstract":"Downhole lithologic information and aquifer pumping test data are reported from 464 wells from a broad area of the northern part of the Coast Ranges in California. These data were originally published in paper form as numerous tables within three USGS Water-Supply Papers describing geology and groundwater conditions in Napa and Sonoma Valleys, the Santa Rosa and Petaluma Valley areas, and in the Russian River Valley and areas in Sonoma and Mendocino Counties, Calif. The well data are compiled in this report in digital form suitable for use in a digital mapping environment. These data, although mostly from relatively shallow water wells, provide important subsurface information that displays the disposition and facies transition of lithologic units throughout this broad area. Well lithologic data themselves and simple three-dimensional interpolation of those data show distinct spatial patterns that are linked to subsurface stratigraphy and structure and can be used to aid in the assessment of the groundwater resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101063","usgsCitation":"Sweetkind, D.S., and Taylor, E.M., 2010, Digital tabulation of geologic and hydrologic data from wells in the northern San Francisco Bay region, northern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1063, Report: iv, 17.; Appendixes; 1 Plate: 42.0 x 33.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101063.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 17.; Appendixes; 1 Plate: 42.0 x 33.0 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402654,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92518.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13586,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1063/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1063.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"northern San Francisco Bay region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.958984375,\n 37.97018468810549\n ],\n [\n -121.5087890625,\n 37.97018468810549\n ],\n [\n -121.5087890625,\n 39.26628442213066\n ],\n [\n -122.958984375,\n 39.26628442213066\n ],\n [\n -122.958984375,\n 37.97018468810549\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d5c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweetkind, D. S.","contributorId":61507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, E. M.","contributorId":55842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98336,"text":"ofr20101081 - 2010 - Nitrogen Loads in Groundwater Entering Back Bays and Ocean from Fire Island National Seashore, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"ofr20101081","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1081","title":"Nitrogen Loads in Groundwater Entering Back Bays and Ocean from Fire Island National Seashore, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"Fire Island is a barrier island that lies south of central Long Island, N.Y. It is about 60 km (37 mi) long and 0.5 km (1/4 mi) wide and is bounded by the Great South Bay, Narrow Bay, and Moriches Bay estuaries to the north; by the Atlantic Ocean to the south; by Fire Island Inlet to the west; and by Moriches Inlet to the east (fig. 1). Fire Island National Seashore (FIIS) encompasses a 42-km (26-mi) length of Fire Island that is bordered by Robert Moses State Park to the west and Smith Point County Park to the east (fig. 2). Interspersed throughout FIIS are 17 residential beach communities that together contain about 4,100 homes.\r\n\r\nThe barrier island's summer population increases 50-fold through the arrival of summer residents and vacationers. The National Park Service (NPS) has established several facilities on the island to accommodate visitors to FIIS. About 2.2 million people visit at least one of the 17 communities and (or) Smith Point County Park, the waterways surrounding Fire Island, or a FIIS facility annually (National Park Service, 2007). Combined visitation on a peak-season weekend day can be as high as 100,000 (National Park Service, 2002).\r\n\r\nMost homes and businesses in the 17 barrier-island communities discharge untreated wastewater directly to the shallow (water-table) aquifer through private septic systems and cesspools; the NPS facilities discharge wastewater to this aquifer through leach fields and cesspools. (The community of Ocean Beach (fig. 2) has a treatment plant that discharges to tidewater.) Contaminants in sewage entering the shallow groundwater move through the flow system and are ultimately discharged to adjacent marine surface waters, where they can pose a threat to coastal habitats. A contaminant of major concern is nitrogen, which is derived from fertilizers and human waste. The continuous inflow of nitrogen to surface-water bodies can lead to increased production of phytoplankton and macroalgae, which in turn can cause oxygen depletion, decreases in size of estuarine fish and shellfish communities, and loss of submerged seagrass habitat through light limitation (Valiela and others, 1992).\r\n\r\nThe FIIS boundary extends roughly 1.2 km (0.8 mi) into the back-barrier estuaries of Great South Bay, Narrow Bay, and Moriches Bay (fig. 1). Within this estuarine zone are extensive areas of seagrass, shellfish, and finfish habitat, as well as intense recreational activity (Bokuniewicz and others, 1993). Management strategies for protection of these habitats require data on (1) concentrations and movement of nutrients and other human-derived contaminants that enter the groundwater system from on-site septic systems, and (2) aquifer characteristics and groundwater flow patterns. These data can then be used in three-dimensional flow models of the shallow aquifer system to predict the rates of groundwater discharge to the marine surface waters that bound Fire Island and the concentrations of nitrogen entering these water bodies from the aquifer's discharge zones.\r\n\r\nIn 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the NPS, began a 3-year investigation to (1) measure groundwater levels within four local study areas at FIIS, (2) collect groundwater samples from these areas for nutrient (nitrogen) analysis, (3) develop a three-dimensional model of the hydrologic system and adjacent saltwater bodies for groundwater-flow delineation and particle tracking, and (4) apply the results of groundwater-discharge simulations to calculate the annual nitrogen loads in these discharges, particularly those entering Great South Bay, which together with the other back bays receives an estimated 80 percent of the total groundwater discharge from Fire Island.\r\n\r\nThe four areas on which the investigation focused were the communities of Kismet and Robbins Rest, the NPS Visitor Center at Watch Hill, and the undeveloped Otis Pike Fire Island High Dune Wilderness (shown in panels A, B, C, and D in fig. 2); these were","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101081","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Schubert, C., deVries, M.P., and Finch, A.J., 2010, Nitrogen Loads in Groundwater Entering Back Bays and Ocean from Fire Island National Seashore, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1081, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101081.","productDescription":"16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1081.jpg"},{"id":13584,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1081/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.33333333333333,40.53333333333333 ], [ -73.33333333333333,40.85 ], [ -72.76666666666667,40.85 ], [ -72.76666666666667,40.53333333333333 ], [ -73.33333333333333,40.53333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629c59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schubert, Christopher 0000-0003-0705-3933 schubert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0705-3933","contributorId":1243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schubert","given":"Christopher","email":"schubert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"deVries, M. Peter pdevries@usgs.gov","contributorId":1555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"deVries","given":"M.","email":"pdevries@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finch, Anne J.","contributorId":102494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98325,"text":"ofr20091250 - 2010 - Geomorphology and depositional subenvironments of Gulf Islands National Seashore, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-06T15:30:36.673536","indexId":"ofr20091250","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1250","title":"Geomorphology and depositional subenvironments of Gulf Islands National Seashore, Mississippi","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is studying coastal hazards and coastal change to improve our understanding of coastal ecosystems and to develop better capabilities of predicting future coastal change. One approach to understanding the dynamics of coastal systems is to monitor changes in barrier-island subenvironments through time. This involves examining morphological and topographic change at temporal scales ranging from millennia to years and spatial scales ranging from tens of kilometers to meters. Of particular interest are the processes that produce those changes and the determination of whether or not those processes are likely to persist into the future. In these analyses of hazards and change, both natural and anthropogenic influences are considered. Quantifying past magnitudes and rates of coastal change and knowing the principal factors that govern those changes are critical to predicting what changes are likely to occur under different scenarios, such as short-term impacts of extreme storms or long-term impacts of sea-level rise. Gulf Islands National Seashore was selected for detailed mapping of barrier-island morphology and topography because the islands offer a diversity of depositional subenvironments and the islands' areas and positions have changed substantially in historical time. The geomorphologic and subenvironmental maps emphasize the processes that formed the surficial features and also serve as a basis for documenting which subenvironments are relatively stable, such as the beach ridge complex, and those which are highly dynamic, such as the beach and active overwash zones.\r\n\r\nThe primary mapping procedures used supervised functions within a Geographic Information System (GIS) that classified depositional subenvironments and features (map units) and delineated boundaries of the features (shapefiles). The GIS classified units on the basis of tonal patterns of a feature in contrast to adjacent features observed on georeferenced aerial photographs. Land elevations from recent lidar surveys served as supplementary data to assist in delineating the map-unit boundaries.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091250","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service (NPS).","usgsCitation":"Morton, R., and Rogers, B.E., 2010, Geomorphology and depositional subenvironments of Gulf Islands National Seashore, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1250, 4 Plates: 34.00 x 44.00 inches; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091250.","productDescription":"4 Plates: 34.00 x 44.00 inches; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423274,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94715.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13574,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1250/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":199412,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Cat Island, Horn Island, Petit Bois Island, Ship Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.40293885515848,\n 30.27097270274332\n ],\n [\n -89.16125785215971,\n 30.27097270274332\n ],\n [\n -89.16125785215971,\n 30.150027436564756\n ],\n [\n -88.40293885515848,\n 30.150027436564756\n ],\n [\n -88.40293885515848,\n 30.27097270274332\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c4d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, Bryan E.","contributorId":67368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98323,"text":"ofr20101060 - 2010 - U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center-Fiscal Year 2009 Annual Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:42","indexId":"ofr20101060","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1060","title":"U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center-Fiscal Year 2009 Annual Report","docAbstract":"The Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center is a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) facility focused on providing science and imagery to better understand our Earth. As part of the USGS Geography Discipline, EROS contributes to the Land Remote Sensing (LRS) Program, the Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) Program, and the National Geospatial Program (NGP), as well as our Federal partners and cooperators. The work of the Center is shaped by the Earth sciences, the missions of our stakeholders, and implemented through strong program and project management and application of state-of-the-art information technologies. Fundamentally, EROS contributes to the understanding of a changing Earth through 'research to operations' activities that include developing, implementing, and operating remote sensing based terrestrial monitoring capabilities needed to address interdisciplinary science and applications objectives at all levels-both nationally and internationally.\r\n\r\nThe Center's programs and projects continually strive to meet and/or exceed the changing needs of the USGS, the Department of the Interior, our Nation, and international constituents. The Center's multidisciplinary staff uses their unique expertise in remote sensing science and technologies to conduct basic and applied research, data acquisition, systems engineering, information access and management, and archive preservation to address the Nation's most critical needs. Of particular note is the role of EROS as the primary provider of Landsat data, the longest comprehensive global land Earth observation record ever collected.\r\n\r\nThis report is intended to provide an overview of the scientific and engineering achievements and illustrate the range and scope of the activities and accomplishments at EROS throughout fiscal year (FY) 2009. Additional information concerning the scientific, engineering, and operational achievements can be obtained from the scientific papers and other documents published by EROS staff.\r\n\r\nWe welcome comments and follow-up questions on any aspect of this Annual Report and invite any of our customers or partners to contact us at their convenience. To communicate with us, or for more information about EROS, contact: Communications and Outreach, USGS EROS Center, 47914 252nd Street, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198, jsnelson@usgs.gov, http://eros.usgs.gov/.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101060","usgsCitation":"Nelson, J.S., 2010, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center-Fiscal Year 2009 Annual Report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1060, xv, 83 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101060.","productDescription":"xv, 83 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1060.jpg"},{"id":13572,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1060/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db69624a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Janice S. jsnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Janice","email":"jsnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98318,"text":"ofr20101062 - 2010 - The transition of benthic nutrient sources after planned levee breaches adjacent to upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-09T11:37:36","indexId":"ofr20101062","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1062","title":"The transition of benthic nutrient sources after planned levee breaches adjacent to upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon","docAbstract":"Four sampling trips were coordinated after planned levee breaches that hydrologically reconnected both Upper Klamath Lake and Agency Lake, Oregon, to adjacent wetlands. Sets of nonmetallic pore-water profilers were deployed during these trips in November 2007, June 2008, May 2009, and July 2009. Deployments temporally spanned the annual cyanophyte bloom of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA) and spatially involved three lake and four wetland sites. Profilers, typically deployed in triplicate at each lake or wetland site, provided high-resolution (centimeter-scale) estimates of the vertical concentration gradients for diffusive-flux determinations. Estimates based on molecular diffusion may underestimate benthic flux because solute transport across the sediment-water interface can be enhanced by processes including bioturbation, bioirrigation and groundwater advection. Water-column and benthic samples were also collected to help interpret spatial and temporal trends in diffusive-flux estimates. Data from these samples complement taxonomic and geochemical analyses of bottom-sediments taken from Upper Klamath Lake (UKL) in prior studies. \r\n\r\nThis ongoing study provides information necessary for developing process-interdependent solute-transport models for the watershed (that is, models integrating physical, geochemical, and biological processes) and supports efforts to evaluate remediation or load-allocation strategies. To augment studies funded by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), the Department of the Interior supported an additional full deployment of pore-water profilers in November 2007 and July 2009, immediately following the levee breaches and after the crash of the annual summer AFA bloom. \r\n\r\nAs observed consistently since 2006, benthic flux of 0.2-micron filtered, soluble reactive phosphorus (that is, biologically available phosphorus, primarily as orthophosphate; SRP) was consistently positive (that is, out of the sediment into the overlying water column) and ranged from a negligible value (-0.19?0.91 milligrams per square meter per day; mg m-2 d-1) within wetlands of the Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge to 74?48 mg m-2 d-1 at the newly restored wetland site removed from the levee breach (TNC1); both observed in May 2009 before the annual AFA bloom. When areally averaged (13 km2 for the newly restored wetlands), an SRP flux to the overlying water column is determined of approximately 87,000 kilograms (kg) over the 3-month AFA bloom season that exceeds the magnitude of riverine inputs (42,000 kg for the season). Elevated SRP benthic flux at TNC1 relative to all other lake and wetland sites (including TNC2 near the breached levee) in 2009 suggests that the restored wetlands, at least chemically, remain in a transition period after engineered blasts on October 30, 2007, restored hydrologic connectivity between lake and wetland environments. As reported in previous lake studies, ammonium fluxes to the water column were consistently positive, with the exception of two measurements at the restored wetland sites (TNC1 and TNC2) immediately following the levee breaches in November 2007. The flux of ammonia, particularly at elevated pH in the overlying water column, has toxicological implications for endangered fish populations in both lake and wetland environments. For dissolved nitrate, with the exception of a single positive flux measurement at TNC1 in June 2008 (0.16?0.02 mg m-2 d-1), consistently negative (consumed by the sediment) or undetectable nitrate-flux values were observed (-21?12 mg m-2 d-1 to undetectable fluxes due to concentrations for dissolved nitrate <0.03 milligrams per liter (mg L-1) in both porewaters and overlying waters near the sediment-water interface). Such negative fluxes for dissolved nitrate are typical of microbial transformations, such as dinitrification (dissimilatory nitrate reduction), that benthically consume nitrate from the water column. The diffusive-flux measurements reported herei","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation\r\n","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J.S., Topping, B.R., Carter, J.L., Parchaso, F., Cameron, J.M., Asbill, J.R., Fend, S.V., Duff, J.H., and Engelstad, A., 2010, The transition of benthic nutrient sources after planned levee breaches adjacent to upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1062, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101062.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":340,"text":"Hydrologic Research and Development Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1062.jpg"},{"id":13568,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1062/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.2,42.2 ], [ -122.2,42.7 ], [ -121.585,42.7 ], [ -121.585,42.2 ], [ -122.2,42.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db67366a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topping, Brent R. 0000-0002-7887-4221 btopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-4221","contributorId":1484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"Brent","email":"btopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parchaso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":173016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parchaso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cameron, Jason M.","contributorId":71289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Asbill, Jessica R.","contributorId":39896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asbill","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fend, Steven V. 0000-0002-4638-6602 svfend@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6602","contributorId":3591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fend","given":"Steven","email":"svfend@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Duff, John H. jhduff@usgs.gov","contributorId":961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"John","email":"jhduff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Engelstad, Anita C. 0000-0002-0211-4189","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0211-4189","contributorId":24884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engelstad","given":"Anita C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":98319,"text":"ofr20101054 - 2010 - Assessment of soil-gas, surface-water, and soil contamination at the Installation Railhead, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2008-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-08T10:48:46","indexId":"ofr20101054","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1054","title":"Assessment of soil-gas, surface-water, and soil contamination at the Installation Railhead, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2008-2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon, assessed soil gas, surface water, and soil for contaminants at the Installation Railhead (IR) at Fort Gordon, Georgia, from October 2008 to September 2009. The assessment included delineation of organic contaminants present in soil-gas samples beneath the IR, and in a surface-water sample collected from an unnamed tributary to Marcum Branch in the western part of the IR. Inorganic contaminants were determined in a surface-water sample and in soil samples. This assessment was conducted to provide environmental contamination data to Fort Gordon personnel pursuant to requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Part B Hazardous Waste Permit process. \r\n\r\nSoil-gas samples collected within a localized area on the western part of the IR contained total petroleum hydrocarbons; benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylenes (referred to as BTEX); and naphthalene above the method detection level. These soil-gas samples were collected where buildings had previously stood. Soil-gas samples collected within a localized area contained perchloroethylene (PCE). These samples were collected where buildings 2410 and 2405 had been. Chloroform and toluene were detected in a surface-water sample collected from an unnamed tributary to Marcum Branch but at concentrations below the National Primary Drinking Water Standard maximum contaminant level (MCL) for each compound. Iron was detected in the surface-water sample at 686 micrograms per liter (ug/L) and exceeded the National Secondary Drinking Water Standard MCL for iron. Metal concentrations in composite soil samples collected at three locations from land surface to a depth of 6 inches did not exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regional Screening Levels for industrial soil.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101054","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J., Harrelson, L.G., Ratliff, W.H., and Wellborn, J.B., 2010, Assessment of soil-gas, surface-water, and soil contamination at the Installation Railhead, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2008-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1054, vi, 22 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101054.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1054.jpg"},{"id":13569,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1054/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.36666666666666,32.266666666666666 ], [ -82.36666666666666,32.5 ], [ -82.11666666666666,32.5 ], [ -82.11666666666666,32.266666666666666 ], [ -82.36666666666666,32.266666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671cd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrelson, Larry G.","contributorId":70059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrelson","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ratliff, W. Hagan","contributorId":60347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratliff","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Hagan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wellborn, John B.","contributorId":24822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellborn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98308,"text":"ofr20101067 - 2010 - Documentation for initial seismic hazard maps for Haiti","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-11T07:38:28","indexId":"ofr20101067","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1067","title":"Documentation for initial seismic hazard maps for Haiti","docAbstract":"In response to the urgent need for earthquake-hazard information after the tragic disaster caused by the moment magnitude (M) 7.0 January 12, 2010, earthquake, we have constructed initial probabilistic seismic hazard maps for Haiti. These maps are based on the current information we have on fault slip rates and historical and instrumental seismicity. These initial maps will be revised and improved as more data become available. In the short term, more extensive logic trees will be developed to better capture the uncertainty in key parameters. In the longer term, we will incorporate new information on fault parameters and previous large earthquakes obtained from geologic fieldwork. These seismic hazard maps are important for the management of the current crisis and the development of building codes and standards for the rebuilding effort.\r\n\r\nThe boundary between the Caribbean and North American Plates in the Hispaniola region is a complex zone of deformation. The highly oblique ~20 mm/yr convergence between the two plates (DeMets and others, 2000) is partitioned between subduction zones off of the northern and southeastern coasts of Hispaniola and strike-slip faults that transect the northern and southern portions of the island. There are also thrust faults within the island that reflect the compressional component of motion caused by the geometry of the plate boundary.\r\n\r\nWe follow the general methodology developed for the 1996 U.S. national seismic hazard maps and also as implemented in the 2002 and 2008 updates. This procedure consists of adding the seismic hazard calculated from crustal faults, subduction zones, and spatially smoothed seismicity for shallow earthquakes and Wadati-Benioff-zone earthquakes. Each one of these source classes will be described below. The lack of information on faults in Haiti requires many assumptions to be made. These assumptions will need to be revisited and reevaluated as more fieldwork and research are accomplished.\r\n\r\nWe made two sets of maps using different assumptions about site conditions. One set of maps is for a firm-rock site condition (30-m averaged shear-wave velocity, Vs30, of 760 m/s). We also developed hazard maps that contain site amplification based on a grid of Vs30 values estimated from topographic slope. These maps take into account amplification from soils.\r\n\r\nWe stress that these new maps are designed to quantify the hazard for Haiti; they do not consider all the sources of earthquake hazard that affect the Dominican Republic and therefore should not be considered as complete hazard maps for eastern Hispaniola. For example, we have not included hazard from earthquakes in the Mona Passage nor from large earthquakes on the subduction zone interface north of Puerto Rico. Furthermore, they do not capture all the earthquake hazards for eastern Cuba.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101067","usgsCitation":"Frankel, A., Harmsen, S., Mueller, C., Calais, E., and Haase, J., 2010, Documentation for initial seismic hazard maps for Haiti: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1067, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101067.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":235,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program - Northern California","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1067.jpg"},{"id":13561,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1067/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75,16 ], [ -75,21 ], [ -68,21 ], [ -68,16 ], [ -75,16 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636513","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankel, Arthur","contributorId":103761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harmsen, Stephen","contributorId":95977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, Charles","contributorId":57178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calais, Eric","contributorId":98838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calais","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haase, Jennifer","contributorId":55932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haase","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98310,"text":"ofr20101026 - 2010 - National GAP Conference 2007-Discussion Groups Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:45","indexId":"ofr20101026","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1026","title":"National GAP Conference 2007-Discussion Groups Report","docAbstract":"We led two discussion groups during the 2007 National GAP Conference. These discussion groups provided information to help develop a survey of National Gap Analysis Program (GAP) data users. One group discussed technical issues, and the second group discussed the use of GAP data for decisionmaking. Themes emerging from the technical issues group included concerns about data quality, need for information on how to use data, and passive data distribution. The decisionmaking discussion included a wide range of topics including the need to understand presentation of information, the need to connect with and understand users of data, the revision of GAP's mission, and the adaptability of products and data. The decisionmaking group also raised concerns regarding technical issues. One conclusion is that a deep commitment to ongoing information transfer and support is a key component of success for the GAP program.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101026","usgsCitation":"Ratz, J., and Lamb, B.L., 2010, National GAP Conference 2007-Discussion Groups Report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1026, iii, 8 p., Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101026.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p., Appendix","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1026.jpg"},{"id":13563,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1026/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratz, Joan M.","contributorId":22739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratz","given":"Joan M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamb, Berton Lee","contributorId":96784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Berton","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98307,"text":"ofr20101013 - 2010 - Geophysical investigations at Hidden Dam, Raymond, California: Summary of fieldwork and data analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T18:14:32.956745","indexId":"ofr20101013","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1013","displayTitle":"Geophysical Investigations at Hidden Dam, Raymond, California: Summary of Fieldwork and Data Analysis","title":"Geophysical investigations at Hidden Dam, Raymond, California: Summary of fieldwork and data analysis","docAbstract":"Geophysical field investigations have been carried out at the Hidden Dam in Raymond, California for the purpose of better understanding the hydrogeology and seepage-related conditions at the site. Known seepage areas on the northwest right abutment area of the downstream side of the dam are documented by Cedergren. Subsequent to the 1980 seepage study, a drainage blanket with a subdrain system was installed to mitigate downstream seepage. Flow net analysis provided by Cedergren suggests that the primary seepage mechanism involves flow through the dam foundation due to normal reservoir pool elevations, which results in upflow that intersects the ground surface in several areas on the downstream side of the dam. In addition to the reservoir pool elevations and downstream surface topography, flow is also controlled by the existing foundation geology as well as the presence or absence of a horizontal drain within the downstream portion of the dam. \r\n\r\nThe purpose of the current geophysical work is to (1) identify present-day seepage areas that may not be evident due to the effectiveness of the drainage blanket in redirecting seepage water, and (2) provide information about subsurface geologic structures that may control subsurface flow and seepage. These tasks are accomplished through the use of two complementary electrical geophysical methods, self-potentials (SP) and direct-current (DC) electrical resistivity, which have been commonly utilized in dam-seepage studies. SP is a passive method that is primarily sensitive to active subsurface groundwater flow and seepage, whereas DC resistivity is an active-source method that is sensitive to changes in subsurface lithology and groundwater saturation.\r\n\r\nThe focus of this field campaign was on the downstream area on the right abutment, or northwest side of the dam, as this is the main area of interest regarding seepage. Two exploratory self-potential lines were also collected on the downstream left abutment of the dam to identify potential seepage in that area. This report is primarily a summary of the field geophysical data acquisition, with some preliminary results and interpretation. Further work will involve a more rigorous analysis of the geophysical datasets and an examination of a large dataset of historical observations of water levels in a number of observation wells and piezometers compared with reservoir elevation. In addition, a partially saturated flow model will be developed to better understand seepage patterns given the available information about dam construction, geophysical results, and data from installed observation wells and piezometers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Minsley, B.J., Burton, B., Ikard, S., and Powers, M.H., 2010, Geophysical investigations at Hidden Dam, Raymond, California: Summary of fieldwork and data analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1013, viii, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101013.","productDescription":"viii, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1013.jpg"},{"id":403281,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92494.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13559,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1013/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Madera County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.8997,\n 37.1061\n ],\n [\n -119.8764,\n 37.1061\n ],\n [\n -119.8764,\n 37.1225\n ],\n [\n -119.8997,\n 37.1225\n ],\n [\n -119.8997,\n 37.1061\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8bf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306 bminsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"bminsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":304962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ikard, Scott","contributorId":14779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikard","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powers, Michael H. 0000-0002-4480-7856 mhpowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-7856","contributorId":851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Michael","email":"mhpowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98304,"text":"ofr20101056 - 2010 - Examination of Libby, Montana, Fill Material for Background Levels of Amphibole from the Rainy Creek Complex Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:34","indexId":"ofr20101056","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1056","title":"Examination of Libby, Montana, Fill Material for Background Levels of Amphibole from the Rainy Creek Complex Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis","docAbstract":"Natural background levels of Libby-type amphibole in the sediment of the Libby valley in Montana have not, up to this point, been determined. The purpose of this report is to provide the preliminary findings of a study designed by both the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and performed by the U.S. Geological Survey. The study worked to constrain the natural background levels of fibrous amphiboles potentially derived from the nearby Rainy Creek Complex. The material selected for this study was sampled from three localities, two of which are active open-pit sand and gravel mines. Seventy samples were collected in total and examined using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer. All samples contained varying amounts of feldspars, ilmenite, magnetite, quartz, clay minerals, pyroxene minerals, and non-fibrous amphiboles such as tremolite, actinolite, and magnesiohornblende. Of the 70 samples collected, only three had detectable levels of fibrous amphiboles compatible with those found in the rainy creek complex. The maximum concentration, identified here, of the amphiboles potentially from the Rainy Creek Complex is 0.083 percent by weight.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101056","usgsCitation":"Adams, D.T., Langer, W.H., Hoefen, T.M., Van Gosen, B.S., and Meeker, G.P., 2010, Examination of Libby, Montana, Fill Material for Background Levels of Amphibole from the Rainy Creek Complex Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1056, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101056.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1056.jpg"},{"id":13557,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1056/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f94a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, David T. 0000-0003-2679-2344","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2679-2344","contributorId":25531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":304954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langer, William H. blanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"William","email":"blanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":304953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meeker, Gregory P.","contributorId":62974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}