{"pageNumber":"1270","pageRowStart":"31725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184828,"records":[{"id":70142979,"text":"70142979 - 2015 - Gross and microscopic lesions in corals from Micronesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-04T10:05:25","indexId":"70142979","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-12T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3687,"text":"Veterinary Pathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gross and microscopic lesions in corals from Micronesia","docAbstract":"

The authors documented gross and microscopic morphology of lesions in corals on 7 islands spanning western, southern, and eastern Micronesia, sampling 76 colonies comprising 30 species of corals among 18 genera, with Acropora, Porites, and Montipora dominating. Tissue loss comprised the majority of gross lesions sampled (41%), followed by discoloration (30%) and growth anomaly (29%). Of 31 cases of tissue loss, most lesions were subacute (48%), followed by acute and chronic (26% each). Of 23 samples with discoloration, most were dark discoloration (40%), with bleaching and other discoloration each constituting 30%. Of 22 growth anomalies, umbonate growth anomalies composed half, with exophytic, nodular, and rugose growth anomalies composing the remainder. On histopathology, for 9 cases of dark discoloration, fungal infections predominated (77%); for 7 bleached corals, depletion of zooxanthellae from the gastrodermis made up a majority of microscopic diagnoses (57%); and for growth anomalies other than umbonate, hyperplasia of the basal body wall was the most common microscopic finding (63%). For the remainder of the gross lesions, no single microscopic finding constituted >50% of the total. Host response varied with the agent present on histology. Fragmentation of tissues was most often associated with algae (60%), whereas necrosis dominated (53%) for fungi. Two newly documented potentially symbiotic tissue-associated metazoans were seen in Porites and Montipora. Findings of multiple potential etiologies for a given gross lesion highlight the importance of incorporating histopathology in coral disease surveys. This study also expands the range of corals infected with cell-associated microbial aggregates.

","language":"English","publisher":"European College of Veterinary Pathologists","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1177/0300985815571669","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Aeby, G.S., and Hughen, K.A., 2015, Gross and microscopic lesions in corals from Micronesia: Veterinary Pathology, v. 53, no. 1, p. 153-162, https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985815571669.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"162","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056418","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/7939","text":"External Repository"},{"id":298559,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5507fec0e4b02e76d757c148","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aeby, Greta S.","contributorId":64783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aeby","given":"Greta","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13394,"text":"Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughen, Konrad A.","contributorId":52490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughen","given":"Konrad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70139403,"text":"cir1406 - 2015 - Understanding nutrients in the Chesapeake Bay watershed and implications for management and restoration: The Eastern Shore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-29T17:15:37.569311","indexId":"cir1406","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-12T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1406","title":"Understanding nutrients in the Chesapeake Bay watershed and implications for management and restoration: The Eastern Shore","docAbstract":"

The Eastern Shore includes only a small part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, but contributes disproportionately large loads of the excess nitrogen and phosphorus that have contributed to ecological and economic degradation of the bay in recent decades. Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States and a vital ecological and economic resource. The bay and its tributaries have been degraded in recent decades by excessive nitrogen and phosphorus in the water column, however, which cause harmful algal blooms and decreased water clarity, submerged aquatic vegetation, and dissolved oxygen. The disproportionately large nitrogen and phosphorus yields from the Eastern Shore to Chesapeake Bay are attributable to human land-use practices as well as natural hydrogeologic and soil conditions. Applications of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds to the Eastern Shore from human activities are intensive. More than 90 percent of nitrogen and phosphorus reaching the land in the Eastern Shore is applied as part of inorganic fertilizers or manure, or (for nitrogen) fixed directly from the atmosphere in cropland. Also, hydrogeologic and soil conditions promote the movement of these compounds from application areas on the landscape to groundwater and (or) surface waters, and the proximity of much of the Eastern Shore to tidal waters limits opportunities for natural removal of these compounds in the landscape. The Eastern Shore only includes 7 percent of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, but receives nearly twice as much nitrogen and phosphorus applications (per area) as the remainder of the watershed and yields greater nitrogen and phosphorus, on average, to the bay. Nitrogen and phosphorus commonly occur in streams at concentrations that may adversely affect aquatic ecosystems and have increased in recent decades.

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interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-04T11:05:23","indexId":"70178147","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of methods to estimate seismic phase delays--Numerical examples for coda wave interferometry","docAbstract":"Time-shift estimation between arrivals in two seismic traces before and after a velocity perturbation is a crucial step in many seismic methods. The accuracy of the estimated velocity perturbation location and amplitude depend on this time shift. Windowed cross correlation and trace stretching are two techniques commonly used to estimate local time shifts in seismic signals. In the work presented here, we implement Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) to estimate the warping function – a vector of local time shifts that globally minimizes the misfit between two seismic traces. We illustrate the differences of all three methods compared to one another using acoustic numerical experiments. We show that DTW is comparable to or better than the other two methods when the velocity perturbation is homogeneous and the signal-to-noise ratio is high. When the signal-to-noise ratio is low, we find that DTW and windowed cross correlation are more accurate than the stretching method. Finally, we show that the DTW algorithm has better time resolution when identifying small differences in the seismic traces for a model with an isolated velocity perturbation. These results impact current methods that utilize not only time shifts between (multiply) scattered waves, but also amplitude and decoherence measurements. DTW is a new tool that may find new applications in seismology and other geophysical methods (e.g., as a waveform inversion misfit function).","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggv138","usgsCitation":"Mikesell, T.D., Malcolm, A.E., Yang, D., and Haney, M., 2015, A comparison of methods to estimate seismic phase delays--Numerical examples for coda wave interferometry: Geophysical Journal International, v. 202, no. 1, p. 347-360, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv138.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"360","ipdsId":"IP-062686","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv138","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330749,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"202","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2be4b0dee4cc90cbc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mikesell, T. Dylan","contributorId":52856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikesell","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Dylan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malcolm, Alison E.","contributorId":176672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malcolm","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yang, Di","contributorId":176675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Di","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haney, Matthew M.","contributorId":61356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70137274,"text":"sir20145231 - 2015 - A comparison of methods to predict historical daily streamflow time series in the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-11T15:26:27","indexId":"sir20145231","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-11T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5231","title":"A comparison of methods to predict historical daily streamflow time series in the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"

Effective and responsible management of water resources relies on a thorough understanding of the quantity and quality of available water. Streamgages cannot be installed at every location where streamflow information is needed. As part of its National Water Census, the U.S. Geological Survey is planning to provide streamflow predictions for ungaged locations. In order to predict streamflow at a useful spatial and temporal resolution throughout the Nation, efficient methods need to be selected. This report examines several methods used for streamflow prediction in ungaged basins to determine the best methods for regional and national implementation. A pilot area in the southeastern United States was selected to apply 19 different streamflow prediction methods and evaluate each method by a wide set of performance metrics. Through these comparisons, two methods emerged as the most generally accurate streamflow prediction methods: the nearest-neighbor implementations of nonlinear spatial interpolation using flow duration curves (NN-QPPQ) and standardizing logarithms of streamflow by monthly means and standard deviations (NN-SMS12L). It was nearly impossible to distinguish between these two methods in terms of performance. Furthermore, neither of these methods requires significantly more parameterization in order to be applied: NN-SMS12L requires 24 regional regressions—12 for monthly means and 12 for monthly standard deviations. NN-QPPQ, in the application described in this study, required 27 regressions of particular quantiles along the flow duration curve. Despite this finding, the results suggest that an optimal streamflow prediction method depends on the intended application. Some methods are stronger overall, while some methods may be better at predicting particular statistics. The methods of analysis presented here reflect a possible framework for continued analysis and comprehensive multiple comparisons of methods of prediction in ungaged basins (PUB). Additional metrics of comparison can easily be incorporated into this type of analysis. By considering such a multifaceted approach, the top-performing models can easily be identified and considered for further research. The top-performing models can then provide a basis for future applications and explorations by scientists, engineers, managers, and practitioners to suit their own needs.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145231","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Department of the Interior WaterSMART Program","usgsCitation":"Farmer, W.H., Archfield, S.A., Over, T.M., Hay, L.E., LaFontaine, J., and Kiang, J.E., 2015, A comparison of methods to predict historical daily streamflow time series in the southeastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5231, Report: vi, 34 p.; Appendixes A-C; Tables 1-7, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145231.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 34 p.; Appendixes A-C; Tables 1-7","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057098","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145231.jpg"},{"id":298445,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5231/"},{"id":298446,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5231/pdf/sir2014-5231.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298447,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5231/appendix/sir2014-5231_appendixa.pdf","text":"Appendix A","size":"59.2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix A","linkHelpText":"A summary of sites where small portions of the historical record were completed using alternative techniques."},{"id":298448,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5231/appendix/sir2014-5231_appendixb.pdf","text":"Appendix B","size":"200 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix B","linkHelpText":"A description of all basin characteristics considered as potential explanatory variables in the various regressions conducted as part of the Southeast Model Comparison."},{"id":298449,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5231/appendix/sir2014-5231_appendixc.pdf","text":"Appendix C","size":"309 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix C","linkHelpText":"Supplemental Data"},{"id":298450,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5231/appendix/sir2014-5231_appendixc_figures.pdf","text":"Appendix C Figures","size":"184 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix C Figures"},{"id":298451,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5231/table/sir2014-5231_tables%201-7.pdf","text":"Tables 1-7","size":"185 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Tables 1-7","linkHelpText":"Contains: Records for each streamgage used in the Southeast Model Comparsion, a listing of all names and abbreviations of prediction methods, root-mean-square error data, fitted coefficients and goodness-of-fit statistics, mean rank performance metric, and mean and standard deviation of average ranks for each method of prediction."}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.20849609375,\n 24.387127324604496\n ],\n [\n -91.20849609375,\n 39.01064750994083\n ],\n [\n -76.97021484375,\n 39.01064750994083\n ],\n [\n -76.97021484375,\n 24.387127324604496\n ],\n [\n -91.20849609375,\n 24.387127324604496\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551a659ae4b03238427833e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farmer, William H. 0000-0002-2865-2196 wfarmer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2865-2196","contributorId":4374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"William","email":"wfarmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archfield, Stacey A. 0000-0002-9011-3871 sarch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-3871","contributorId":1874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archfield","given":"Stacey","email":"sarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Over, Thomas M. 0000-0001-8280-4368 tmover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8280-4368","contributorId":1819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Over","given":"Thomas","email":"tmover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"LaFontaine, Jacob H. jlafonta@usgs.gov","contributorId":138508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaFontaine","given":"Jacob H.","email":"jlafonta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kiang, Julie E. 0000-0003-0653-4225 jkiang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-4225","contributorId":2179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiang","given":"Julie","email":"jkiang@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70137613,"text":"ds891 - 2015 - Wyoming greater sage-grouse habitat prioritization: A collection of multi-scale seasonal models and geographic information systems land management tools","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T15:13:45","indexId":"ds891","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-11T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"891","title":"Wyoming greater sage-grouse habitat prioritization: A collection of multi-scale seasonal models and geographic information systems land management tools","docAbstract":"

With rapidly changing landscape conditions within Wyoming and the potential effects of landscape changes on sage-grouse habitat, land managers and conservation planners, among others, need procedures to assess the location and juxtaposition of important habitats, land-cover, and land-use patterns to balance wildlife requirements with multiple human land uses. Biologists frequently develop habitat-selection studies to identify prioritization efforts for species of conservation concern to increase understanding and help guide habitat-conservation efforts. Recently, the authors undertook a large-scale collaborative effort that developed habitat-selection models for Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) across large landscapes in Wyoming, USA and for multiple life-stages (nesting, late brood-rearing, and winter). We developed these habitat models using resource selection functions, based upon sage-grouse telemetry data collected for localized studies and within each life-stage. The models allowed us to characterize and spatially predict seasonal sage-grouse habitat use in Wyoming. Due to the quantity of models, the diversity of model predictors (in the form of geographic information system data) produced by analyses, and the variety of potential applications for these data, we present here a resource that complements our published modeling effort, which will further support land managers.

\n

We deliver all products described herein as online geographic information system data for visualization and downloading. We outline the data properties for each model and their data inputs, describe the process of selecting appropriate data products for multifarious applications, describe all data products and software, provide newly derived model composites, and discuss how land managers may use the models to inform future sage-grouse studies and potentially refine conservation efforts. The models, software tools, and associated opportunities for novel applications of these products should provide a suite of additional, but not exclusive, tools for assessing Wyoming Greater Sage-grouse habitats, which land managers, conservationists, and scientists can apply to myriad applications.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds891","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, M.S., Aldridge, C.L., Doherty, K., and Fedy, B., 2015, Wyoming greater sage-grouse habitat prioritization: A collection of multi-scale seasonal models and geographic information systems land management tools: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 891, Report: iv, 27 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds891.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 27 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052571","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298435,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds891.jpg"},{"id":298434,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0891/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory","description":"Downloads Directory","linkHelpText":"Contains: geospatial database."},{"id":298433,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0891/pdf/ds891.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298425,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0891/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.060791015625,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -111.060791015625,\n 45.00365115687189\n ],\n [\n -104.051513671875,\n 45.00365115687189\n ],\n [\n -104.051513671875,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -111.060791015625,\n 40.9964840143779\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551a65bee4b0323842783480","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, Michael S. 0000-0002-3488-003X odonnellm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-003X","contributorId":3351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Michael","email":"odonnellm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doherty, Kevin E.","contributorId":62452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"Kevin E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fedy, Bradley C.","contributorId":40536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fedy","given":"Bradley C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70139794,"text":"sir20155008 - 2015 - Water-quality trends for selected sites in the Boulder River and Tenmile Creek watersheds, Montana, based on data collected during water years 1997-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-11T10:53:50","indexId":"sir20155008","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-11T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5008","title":"Water-quality trends for selected sites in the Boulder River and Tenmile Creek watersheds, Montana, based on data collected during water years 1997-2013","docAbstract":"

In the Boulder River and Tenmile Creek watersheds in southwestern Montana, there was intensive mining during a 40-year period after the discovery of gold in the early 1860s. Potential effects from the historic mining activities include acid-mine drainage and elevated concentrations of potentially toxic trace elements from mining remnants such as waste rock and tailing piles. In support of remediation efforts, water-quality monitoring by the U.S. Geological Survey began in 1997 in the Boulder River and Tenmile Creek watersheds and has continued to present (2014). The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service, investigated temporal trends in water quality at 13 sites, including 2 adit (or mine entrance) sites and 11 stream sites. The primary purpose of this report is to present results of trend analysis of specific conductance, selected trace-elements (cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, and arsenic), and suspended sediment for the 13 sites.

\n

Trend results for most stream sites in the Boulder River watershed for water years 2000–13 (water year is the 12-month period from October 1 through September 30 and is designated by the year in which it ends) indicate decreasing trends in flow-adjusted specific conductance, in flow-adjusted concentrations (FACs) for most filtered and unfiltered-recoverable trace elements, and in suspended sediment. Overall, magnitudes of the decreasing trends in FACs of metallic contaminants are largest for Bullion Mine tributary at mouth (site 3), Jack Creek at mouth (site 4), and Cataract Creek at Basin (site 8). For sites 3, 4, and 8, magnitudes of decreasing trends generally ranged from about -5 to -10 percent per year. Notably, the watersheds upstream from sites 3, 4, and 8 have been targeted by substantial remediation activities. Consideration of trend patterns among all stream sites in the Boulder River watershed provides strong evidence that remediation activities are the primary cause of decreasing trends in metallic contaminants.

\n

Trend results for sites in the Tenmile Creek watershed generally are more variable and difficult to interpret than for sites in the Boulder River watershed. Trend results for Tenmile Creek above City Diversion (site 11) and Minnehaha Creek near Rimini (site 12) for water years 2000–13 indicate decreasing trends in FACs of cadmium, copper, and zinc. The magnitudes of the decreasing trends in FACs of copper generally are moderate and statistically significant for sites 11 and 12. The magnitudes of the decreasing trends in FACs of cadmium and zinc for site 11 are minor to small and not statistically significant; however, the magnitudes for site 12 are moderate and statistically significant. In general, patterns in FACs for Tenmile Creek near Rimini (site 13) are not well represented by fitted trends within the short data collection period, which might indicate that the trend-analysis structure of the study is not appropriate for describing trends in FACs for site 13. The large decreasing trend in FACs of suspended sediment is the strongest indication of change in water quality during the short period of record for site 13; however, this trend is not statistically significant.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Sando, S.K., Clark, M.L., Cleasby, T., and Barnhart, E.P., 2015, Water-quality trends for selected sites in the Boulder River and Tenmile Creek watersheds, Montana, based on data collected during water years 1997-2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5008, Report: x, 46 p.; Appendix 1 tables; Appendix 2 table; Appendix 3 tables; Appendix 3 figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155008.","productDescription":"Report: x, 46 p.; Appendix 1 tables; Appendix 2 table; Appendix 3 tables; Appendix 3 figures","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1996-10-01","temporalEnd":"2013-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-058590","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155008.jpg"},{"id":298429,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5008/downloads/sir20155008_Appendix02_table.pdf","text":"Appendix 2 table","size":"70 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 2 table"},{"id":298430,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5008/downloads/sir20155008_Appendix03_tables.pdf","text":"Appendix 3 tables","size":"400 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 3 tables"},{"id":298426,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5008/"},{"id":298427,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5008/pdf/sir2015-5008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.92 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298431,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5008/downloads/sir20155008_Appendix03_figures.pdf","text":"Appendix 3 figures","size":"2.47 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 3 figures"},{"id":298428,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5008/downloads/sir20155008_Appendix01_tables.pdf","text":"Appendix 1 tables","size":"294 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 1 tables"}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Boulder River watershed, Tenmile Creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.10174560546875,\n 46.22402775339081\n ],\n [\n -112.21435546875,\n 46.63105019776468\n ],\n [\n -112.45811462402342,\n 46.63057868059483\n ],\n [\n -112.46292114257812,\n 46.22284011773094\n ],\n [\n -112.10174560546875,\n 46.22402775339081\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551a65bde4b032384278347d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sando, Steven K. 0000-0003-1206-1030 sksando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-1030","contributorId":1016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Steven","email":"sksando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Melanie L. mlclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":1827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Melanie","email":"mlclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cleasby, Tom 0000-0003-0694-1541 tcleasby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0694-1541","contributorId":1137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleasby","given":"Tom","email":"tcleasby@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnhart, Elliott P. 0000-0002-8788-8393 epbarnhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-8393","contributorId":5385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"Elliott","email":"epbarnhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70142756,"text":"70142756 - 2015 - Modelling non-Euclidean movement and landscape connectivity in highly structured ecological networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-11T10:23:50","indexId":"70142756","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-11T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling non-Euclidean movement and landscape connectivity in highly structured ecological networks","docAbstract":"
    \n
  1. Movement is influenced by landscape structure, configuration and geometry, but measuring distance as perceived by animals poses technical and logistical challenges. Instead, movement is typically measured using Euclidean distance, irrespective of location or landscape structure, or is based on arbitrary cost surfaces. A recently proposed extension of spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models resolves this issue using spatial encounter histories of individuals to calculate least-cost paths (ecological distance: Ecology, 94, 2013, 287) thereby relaxing the Euclidean assumption. We evaluate the consequences of not accounting for movement heterogeneity when estimating abundance in highly structured landscapes, and demonstrate the value of this approach for estimating biologically realistic space-use patterns and landscape connectivity.
    2. \n
  2. We simulated SCR data in a riparian habitat network, using the ecological distance model under a range of scenarios where space-use in and around the landscape was increasingly associated with water (i.e. increasingly less Euclidean). To assess the influence of miscalculating distance on estimates of population size, we compared the results from the ecological and Euclidean distance based models. We then demonstrate that the ecological distance model can be used to estimate home range geometry when space use is not symmetrical. Finally, we provide a method for calculating landscape connectivity based on modelled species-landscape interactions generated from capture-recapture data.
    3. \n
  3. Using ecological distance always produced unbiased estimates of abundance. Explicitly modelling the strength of the species-landscape interaction provided a direct measure of landscape connectivity and better characterised true home range geometry. Abundance under the Euclidean distance model was increasingly (negatively) biased as space use was more strongly associated with water and, because home ranges are assumed to be symmetrical, produced poor characterisations of home range geometry and no information about landscape connectivity.
    4. \n
  4. The ecological distance SCR model uses spatially indexed capture-recapture data to estimate how activity patterns are influenced by landscape structure. As well as reducing bias in estimates of abundance, this approach provides biologically realistic representations of home range geometry, and direct information about species-landscape interactions. The incorporation of both structural (landscape) and functional (movement) components of connectivity provides a direct measure of species-specific landscape connectivity.
    5. \n
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/2041-210X.12316","usgsCitation":"Sutherland, C., Fuller, A.K., and Royle, J., 2015, Modelling non-Euclidean movement and landscape connectivity in highly structured ecological networks: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 6, no. 2, p. 169-177, https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12316.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060023","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12316","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298416,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551a65b0e4b032384278343e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutherland, Christopher","contributorId":139624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutherland","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Angela K. 0000-0002-9247-7468 afuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-7468","contributorId":3984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Angela","email":"afuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":139623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148621,"text":"70148621 - 2015 - Snake River fall Chinook salmon life history investigations, 1/1/2013 – 12/31/2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T14:50:57","indexId":"70148621","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-11T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Snake River fall Chinook salmon life history investigations, 1/1/2013 – 12/31/2013","docAbstract":"

Smallmouth bass predation on subyearling fall Chinook salmon was examined in the upper portion of Lower Granite Reservoir during 2013. During the time subyearlings were present in the reservoir, smallmouth bass were collected, their stomach contents removed for diet analysis, and their abundance estimated with mark-recapture techniques. In 2013, the greatest consumption of subyearlings by smallmouth bass occurred in late May and early June—as much as 50% of their diet by weight. Sand rollers were the most common non-salmonid fish consumed by smallmouth bass. In the section of the reservoir above the confluence with the Clearwater River, the abundance of bass was higher in non-riprap habitat than in riprap, but the opposite was true in the section below the confluence. We estimated that over 168,000 subyearlings were lost to smallmouth bass predation in 2013. Given the predominance of sand rollers in the diet of smallmouth bass, we believe this species reduces predation on subyearling fall Chinook salmon. A complete report of our findings is provided in the Appendix.

","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","collaboration":"Report covers work performed under Bonneville Power Administration contract #(s) 60571, 60488, 46273 REL 68, 61778","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K.F., and Connor, W.P., 2015, Snake River fall Chinook salmon life history investigations, 1/1/2013 – 12/31/2013, 45 p.","productDescription":"45 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064913","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320559,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":301293,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pisces.bpa.gov/release/documents/DocumentViewer.aspx?doc=P143039","text":"Report","size":"814.09 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Clearwater River, Lower Granite Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.740478515625,\n 46.01794608850014\n ],\n [\n -117.740478515625,\n 46.79253827035979\n ],\n [\n -116.53198242187499,\n 46.79253827035979\n ],\n [\n -116.53198242187499,\n 46.01794608850014\n ],\n [\n -117.740478515625,\n 46.01794608850014\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57209138e4b071321fe6569a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, Kenneth F. 0000-0002-5831-2846 ktiffan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-2846","contributorId":3200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktiffan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connor, William P.","contributorId":107589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connor","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16677,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Idaho Fishery Resource Office, 276 Dworshak Complex Drive, Orofino, ID 83544","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173530,"text":"70173530 - 2015 - Quantifying avian predation on fish populations: integrating predator-specific deposition probabilities in tag-recovery studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-09T15:28:46","indexId":"70173530","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying avian predation on fish populations: integrating predator-specific deposition probabilities in tag-recovery studies","docAbstract":"

Accurate assessment of specific mortality factors is vital to prioritize recovery actions for threatened and endangered species. For decades, tag recovery methods have been used to estimate fish mortality due to avian predation. Predation probabilities derived from fish tag recoveries on piscivorous waterbird colonies typically reflect minimum estimates of predation due to an unknown and unaccounted-for fraction of tags that are consumed but not deposited on-colony (i.e., deposition probability). We applied an integrated tag recovery modeling approach in a Bayesian context to estimate predation probabilities that accounted for predator-specific tag detection and deposition probabilities in a multiple-predator system. Studies of PIT tag deposition were conducted across three bird species nesting at seven different colonies in the Columbia River basin, USA. Tag deposition probabilities differed significantly among predator species (Caspian ternsHydroprogne caspia: deposition probability = 0.71, 95% credible interval [CRI] = 0.51–0.89; double-crested cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus: 0.51, 95% CRI = 0.34–0.70; California gulls Larus californicus: 0.15, 95% CRI = 0.11–0.21) but showed little variation across trials within a species or across years. Data from a 6-year study (2008–2013) of PIT-tagged juvenile Snake River steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act) indicated that colony-specific predation probabilities ranged from less than 0.01 to 0.17 and varied by predator species, colony location, and year. Integrating the predator-specific deposition probabilities increased the predation probabilities by a factor of approximately 1.4 for Caspian terns, 2.0 for double-crested cormorants, and 6.7 for California gulls compared with traditional minimum predation rate methods, which do not account for deposition probabilities. Results supported previous findings on the high predation impacts from strictly piscivorous waterbirds nesting in the Columbia River estuary (i.e., terns and cormorants), but our findings also revealed greater impacts of a generalist predator species (i.e., California gulls) than were previously documented. Approaches used in this study allow for direct comparisons among multiple fish mortality factors and considerably improve the reliability of tag recovery models for estimating predation probabilities in multiple-predator systems.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2014.988882","usgsCitation":"Hostetter, N.J., Evans, A.F., Cramer, B.M., Collis, K., Lyons, D., and Roby, D.D., 2015, Quantifying avian predation on fish populations: integrating predator-specific deposition probabilities in tag-recovery studies: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, no. 2, p. 410-422, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.988882.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"410","endPage":"422","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058968","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Quantifying_Avian_Predation_on_Fish_Populations_Integrating_Predator_Specific_Deposition_Probabilities_in_Tag_Recovery_Studies/1332455","text":"External Repository"},{"id":323421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"144","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a9335e4b04f417c275178","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetter, Nathan J.","contributorId":171690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hostetter","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Allen F.","contributorId":171691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cramer, Bradley M.","contributorId":171692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cramer","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collis, Ken","contributorId":149991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collis","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17879,"text":"Real Time Research, Inc., 231 SW Scalehouse Loop, Suite 101, Bend, OR 97702","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lyons, Donald E.","contributorId":20119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"Donald E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roby, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9844-0992 droby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":3702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"Daniel","email":"droby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70148007,"text":"70148007 - 2015 - Great (≥Mw8.0) megathrust earthquakes and the subduction of excess sediment and bathymetrically smooth seafloor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T12:44:31","indexId":"70148007","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Great (≥Mw8.0) megathrust earthquakes and the subduction of excess sediment and bathymetrically smooth seafloor","docAbstract":"

Using older and in part flawed data, Ruff (1989) suggested that thick sediment entering the subduction zone (SZ) smooths and strengthens the trench-parallel distribution of interplate coupling. This circumstance was conjectured to favor rupture continuation and the generation of high-magnitude (≥Mw8.0) interplate thrust (IPT) earthquakes. Using larger and more accurate compilations of sediment thickness and instrumental (1899 to January 2013) and pre-instrumental era (1700–1898) IPTs (n = 176 and 12, respectively), we tested if a compelling relation existed between where IPT earthquakes ≥Mw7.5 occurred and where thick (≥1.0 km) versus thin (≤1.0 km) sedimentary sections entered the SZ.

\n

Based on the new compilations, a statistically supported statement (see Summary and Conclusions) can be made that high-magnitude earthquakes are most prone to nucleate at well-sedimented SZs. For example, despite the 7500 km shorter global length of thick-sediment trenches, they account for ∼53% of instrumental era IPTs ≥Mw8.0, ∼75% ≥Mw8.5, and 100% ≥Mw9.1. No megathrusts >Mw9.0 ruptured at thin-sediment trenches, whereas three occurred at thick-sediment trenches (1960 Chile Mw9.5, 1964 Alaska Mw9.2, and 2004 Sumatra Mw9.2).

\n

However, large Mw8.0–9.0 IPTs commonly (n = 23) nucleated at thin-sediment trenches. These earthquakes are associated with the subduction of low-relief ocean floor and where the debris of subduction erosion thickens the plate-separating subduction channel. The combination of low bathymetric relief and subduction erosion is inferred to also produce a smooth trench-parallel distribution of coupling posited to favor the characteristic lengthy rupturing of high-magnitude IPT earthquakes. In these areas subduction of a weak sedimentary sequence further enables rupture continuation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01079.1","usgsCitation":"Scholl, D.W., Kirby, S.H., von Huene, R.E., Ryan, H., Wells, R., and Geist, E.L., 2015, Great (≥Mw8.0) megathrust earthquakes and the subduction of excess sediment and bathymetrically smooth seafloor: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 2, p. 236-265, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01079.1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"236","endPage":"265","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057488","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01079.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55532430e4b0a92fa7e94c8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, David W. 0000-0001-6500-6962 dscholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-6962","contributorId":3738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","email":"dscholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirby, Stephe H.","contributorId":140745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirby","given":"Stephe","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryan, Holly F. hryan@usgs.gov","contributorId":140746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Holly F.","email":"hryan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":2692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray E.","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70142371,"text":"ofr20151025 - 2015 - Geochemical maps of stream sediments in central Colorado, from New Mexico to Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-04T10:18:12","indexId":"ofr20151025","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-10T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1025","title":"Geochemical maps of stream sediments in central Colorado, from New Mexico to Wyoming","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey has completed a series of geologic, mineral resource, and environmental assessment studies in the Rocky Mountains of central Colorado, from Leadville eastward to the range front and from New Mexico to the Wyoming border. Regional stream-sediment geochemical maps, useful for assessing mineral resources and environmental effects of historical mining activities, were produced as part of the study. The data portrayed in this 56-parameter portfolio of landscape geochemical maps serve as a geochemical baseline for the region, indicate element abundances characteristic of various lithologic terranes, and identify gross anthropogenic effects of historical mining. However, although reanalyzed in this study by modern, sensitive methods, the majority of the stream-sediment samples were collected in the 1970s. Thus, metal concentrations portrayed in these maps represent stream-sediment geochemistry at the time of collection.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151025","usgsCitation":"Eppinger, R.G., Giles, S.A., and Klein, T.L., 2015, Geochemical maps of stream sediments in central Colorado, from New Mexico to Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1025, Report: viii, 120 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151025.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 120 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"131","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054650","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298413,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151025.jpg"},{"id":298411,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1025/pdf/ofr2015-1025.pdf","size":"54.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":298410,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1025/"},{"id":298412,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1025/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.6168212890625,\n 41.00270266805319\n ],\n [\n -105.14190673828125,\n 41.00270266805319\n ],\n [\n -105.1556396484375,\n 39.76210275375137\n ],\n [\n -104.9853515625,\n 39.757879992021756\n ],\n [\n -104.9908447265625,\n 39.38526381099774\n ],\n [\n -104.83154296875,\n 39.38738660316804\n ],\n [\n -104.853515625,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -105.99884033203125,\n 36.99158465967016\n ],\n [\n -105.985107421875,\n 38.37396220263092\n ],\n [\n -106.64978027343749,\n 38.3868805698475\n ],\n [\n -106.6168212890625,\n 41.00270266805319\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55000799e4b02419550fa5cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klein, Terry L. tklein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Terry","email":"tklein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70140080,"text":"sir20145212 - 2015 - Water-quality characteristics in runoff for three discovery farms in North Dakota, 2008-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:04:51","indexId":"sir20145212","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-10T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5212","title":"Water-quality characteristics in runoff for three discovery farms in North Dakota, 2008-12","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with North Dakota State University Agriculture Research Extension and in collaboration with North Dakota State Department of Health, North Dakota State Water Commission, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and several agricultural producers, helped organize a Discovery Farms program in North Dakota in 2007. Discharge measurements and water-quality samples collected at the three Farms (Underwood, Dazey, and Embden) were used to describe water-quality characteristics in runoff, and compute estimates of annual loads and yields for selected constituents from spring 2008 through fall 2012.

\n

Consistent patterns in water quality emerged at each individual farm, but similarities among farms also were observed. Suspended sediment, total phosphorus, and ammonia concentrations generally decreased downstream from feeding areas, and were primarily affected by surface runoff processes such as dilution, settling out of sediment, or vegetative uptake. Because surface runoff affects these constituents, increased annual surface runoff volume tended to result in increased loads and yields. No significant change in nitrate plus nitrite concentration were observed downstream from feeding areas because additional processes such as high solubility, nitrification, denitrification, and surface-groundwater interaction affect nitrate plus nitrite. For nitrate plus nitrite, increases in annual runoff volume did not consistently relate to increases in annual loads and yields. It seems that temporal distribution of precipitation and surface-groundwater interaction affected nitrate plus nitrite loads and yields. For surface drainage sites, the primary form of nitrogen was organic nitrogen whereas for subsurface drainage sites, the primary form of nitrogen was nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145212","collaboration":"In cooperation with North Dakota State University Agriculture Research Extension","usgsCitation":"Nustad, R.A., Rowland, K.M., and Wiederholt, R., 2015, Water-quality characteristics in runoff for three discovery farms in North Dakota, 2008-12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5212, v, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145212.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059141","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298409,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145212.jpg"},{"id":298407,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5212/"},{"id":298408,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5212/pdf/sir2014-5212.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.69 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2014-5212 Report"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.051513671875,\n 45.94351068030587\n ],\n [\n -104.051513671875,\n 49.001843917978526\n ],\n [\n -97.23999023437499,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -97.0751953125,\n 48.669198799260045\n ],\n [\n -97.064208984375,\n 48.04136507445029\n ],\n [\n -96.844482421875,\n 47.5913464767971\n ],\n [\n -96.74560546875,\n 46.89023157359399\n ],\n [\n -96.74560546875,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -96.61376953125,\n 46.308995694198565\n ],\n [\n -96.5478515625,\n 46.08847179577592\n ],\n [\n -96.558837890625,\n 45.935870621190546\n ],\n [\n -104.051513671875,\n 45.94351068030587\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55000799e4b02419550fa5d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nustad, Rochelle A. 0000-0002-4713-5944 ranustad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-5944","contributorId":1811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nustad","given":"Rochelle","email":"ranustad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowland, Kathleen M. 0000-0003-2526-6860 krowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2526-6860","contributorId":1676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"Kathleen","email":"krowland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiederholt, Ronald","contributorId":139020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiederholt","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12471,"text":"North Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70142660,"text":"tm13A2 - 2015 - A multipurpose camera system for monitoring Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-10T10:23:46","indexId":"tm13A2","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-10T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"13-A2","title":"A multipurpose camera system for monitoring Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"

We describe a low-cost, compact multipurpose camera system designed for field deployment at active volcanoes that can be used either as a webcam (transmitting images back to an observatory in real-time) or as a time-lapse camera system (storing images onto the camera system for periodic retrieval during field visits). The system also has the capability to acquire high-definition video. The camera system uses a Raspberry Pi single-board computer and a 5-megapixel low-light (near-infrared sensitive) camera, as well as a small Global Positioning System (GPS) module to ensure accurate time-stamping of images. Custom Python scripts control the webcam and GPS unit and handle data management. The inexpensive nature of the system allows it to be installed at hazardous sites where it might be lost. Another major advantage of this camera system is that it provides accurate internal timing (independent of network connection) and, because a full Linux operating system and the Python programming language are available on the camera system itself, it has the versatility to be configured for the specific needs of the user. We describe example deployments of the camera at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, to monitor ongoing summit lava lake activity. 

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Methods Used in Volcano Monitoring in Book 13 Volcano Monitoring","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm13A2","usgsCitation":"Patrick, M.R., Orr, T.R., Lee, L., and Moniz, C.J., 2015, A multipurpose camera system for monitoring Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 13-A2, Report: iv, 25 p.; 6 videos, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm13A2.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 25 p.; 6 videos","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055070","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm13a2.gif"},{"id":298393,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/13/a2/"},{"id":298399,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/13/a2/tm13-A2.pdf","size":"7.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":298400,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/13/a2/videos/TM_13-A2_video01.mov","text":"Halema'uma'u plume time-lapse MOV","size":"54.7 MB","linkHelpText":"This video shows an image every 10 minutes, from February 3, 2014, at 0001 Hawai‘i Standard Time (HST) to February 9, 2014, at 2359 HST. The movie shows the commonly fluctuating wind directions typical of winter months, when the normally steady trade winds become unstable. The camera was positioned in the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory observation tower. In the lower right corner of the image is the public overlook at Jaggar Museum."},{"id":298403,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/13/a2/videos/TM_13-A2_video02.mp4","text":"Halema'uma'u lake time-lapse MP4","size":"7.4 MB","linkHelpText":"This video shows an image every minute, from February 14, 2014, at 1200 Hawai‘i Standard Time (HST) to February 15, 2014, at 1200 HST. The plot of RSAM (real-time seismic amplitude measurement), which can be taken as a proxy for the amplitude of seismic tremor, is shown below. Spikes in RSAM correspond with the appearance of additional spattering sources on the lake margin, whereas the sustained low level in RSAM after about 0800 on February 15 is an indicator of the absence of spattering at the lake and very quiet activity."},{"id":298404,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/13/a2/videos/TM_13-A2_video03.mov","text":"Halema'uma'u lake video clips MOV","size":"20.2 MB","linkHelpText":"Four clips from February 2014 are shown, taken at the following times: (1) February 14, 1200 Hawai‘i Standard Time (HST); (2) February 14, 1800 HST; (3) February 15, 0000 HST; (4) February 15, 0600 HST. Videos are shown at 3× speed."},{"id":298405,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/13/a2/videos/TM_13-A2_video03.mp4","text":"Halema'uma'u lake video clips MP4","size":"4.7 MB","linkHelpText":"Four clips from February 2014 are shown, taken at the following times: (1) February 14, 1200 Hawai‘i Standard Time (HST); (2) February 14, 1800 HST; (3) February 15, 0000 HST; (4) February 15, 0600 HST. Videos are shown at 3× speed."},{"id":298401,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/13/a2/videos/TM_13-A2_video01.mp4","text":"Halema'uma'u plume time-lapse MP4","size":"14.9 MB","linkHelpText":"This video shows an image every 10 minutes, from February 3, 2014, at 0001 Hawai‘i Standard Time (HST) to February 9, 2014, at 2359 HST. The movie shows the commonly fluctuating wind directions typical of winter months, when the normally steady trade winds become unstable. The camera was positioned in the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory observation tower. In the lower right corner of the image is the public overlook at Jaggar Museum."},{"id":298402,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/13/a2/videos/TM_13-A2_video02.mov","text":"Halema'uma'u lake time-lapse MOV","size":"19.1 MB","linkHelpText":"This video shows an image every minute, from February 14, 2014, at 1200 Hawai‘i Standard Time (HST) to February 15, 2014, at 1200 HST. The plot of RSAM (real-time seismic amplitude measurement), which can be taken as a proxy for the amplitude of seismic tremor, is shown below. Spikes in RSAM correspond with the appearance of additional spattering sources on the lake margin, whereas the sustained low level in RSAM after about 0800 on February 15 is an indicator of the absence of spattering at the lake and very quiet activity."}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.29483795166016,\n 19.405887684701234\n ],\n [\n -155.29483795166016,\n 19.43535245949092\n ],\n [\n -155.2558708190918,\n 19.43535245949092\n ],\n [\n -155.2558708190918,\n 19.405887684701234\n ],\n [\n -155.29483795166016,\n 19.405887684701234\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"This report is Chapter 2 of Section A: Methods Used in Volcano Monitoring in Book 13 Volcano Monitoring.","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55000798e4b02419550fa5cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. torr@usgs.gov","contributorId":139620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim","email":"torr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Lopaka","contributorId":83167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Lopaka","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moniz, Cyril J. cjmoniz@usgs.gov","contributorId":5291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moniz","given":"Cyril","email":"cjmoniz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70140150,"text":"fs20153009 - 2015 - UCERF3: A new earthquake forecast for California's complex fault system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-17T08:48:30","indexId":"fs20153009","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-10T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3009","title":"UCERF3: A new earthquake forecast for California's complex fault system","docAbstract":"

With innovations, fresh data, and lessons learned from recent earthquakes, scientists have developed a new earthquake forecast model for California, a region under constant threat from potentially damaging events. The new model, referred to as the third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, or \"UCERF\" (http://www.WGCEP.org/UCERF3), provides authoritative estimates of the magnitude, location, and likelihood of earthquake fault rupture throughout the state. Overall the results confirm previous findings, but with some significant changes because of model improvements. For example, compared to the previous forecast (Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast 2), the likelihood of moderate-sized earthquakes (magnitude 6.5 to 7.5) is lower, whereas that of larger events is higher. This is because of the inclusion of multifault ruptures, where earthquakes are no longer confined to separate, individual faults, but can occasionally rupture multiple faults simultaneously. The public-safety implications of this and other model improvements depend on several factors, including site location and type of structure (for example, family dwelling compared to a long-span bridge). Building codes, earthquake insurance products, emergency plans, and other risk-mitigation efforts will be updated accordingly. This model also serves as a reminder that damaging earthquakes are inevitable for California. Fortunately, there are many simple steps residents can take to protect lives and property.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153009","usgsCitation":"Field, E.H., and 2014 Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities, 2015, UCERF3: A new earthquake forecast for California's complex fault system: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3009, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153009.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062714","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20153009.jpg"},{"id":298396,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3009/pdf/fs2015-3009.pdf","text":"Report","size":"32.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2015-3009 Report"},{"id":298394,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3009/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.365234375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -119.970703125,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -119.94873046875,\n 39.07890809706475\n ],\n [\n -114.63134765625001,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -113.9501953125,\n 34.23451236236984\n ],\n [\n -114.3896484375,\n 32.731840896865684\n ],\n [\n -117.18017578125,\n 32.52828936482526\n ],\n [\n -117.53173828125,\n 33.119150226768866\n ],\n [\n -119.64111328125,\n 34.27083595165\n ],\n [\n -120.82763671875,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -123.90380859374999,\n 38.94232097947902\n ],\n [\n -124.49707031249999,\n 40.38002840251183\n ],\n [\n -124.365234375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55000799e4b02419550fa5cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":52242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward","email":"field@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"2014 Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities","contributorId":139622,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"2014 Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities","id":542098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70160544,"text":"70160544 - 2015 - Mercury in Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis):bioaccumulation and trans-Pacific Ocean migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-22T15:56:51","indexId":"70160544","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis):bioaccumulation and trans-Pacific Ocean migration","docAbstract":"

Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) have the largest home range of any tuna species and are well known for the capacity to make transoceanic migrations. We report the measurement of mercury (Hg) concentrations in wild Pacific bluefin tuna (PBFT), the first reported with known size-of-fish and capture location. The results indicate juvenile PBFT that are recently arrived in the California Current from the western Pacific Ocean have significantly higher Hg concentrations in white muscle (0.51 ug/g wet mass, wm) than PBFT of longer California Current residency (0.41 ug/g wm). These new arrivals are also higher in Hg concentration than PBFT in farm pens (0.43 ug/g wm) that were captured on arrival in the California Current and raised in pens on locally derived feed. Analysis by direct Hg analyzer and attention to Hg by tissue type and location on the fish allowed precise comparisons of mercury among wild and captive fish populations. Analysis of migration and nearshore residency, determined through extensive archival tagging, bioaccumulation models, trophic investigations, and potential coastal sources of methylmercury, indicates Hg bioaccumulation is likely greater for PBFT juvenile habitats in the western Pacific Ocean (East China Sea, Yellow Sea) than in the eastern Pacific Ocean (California Current). Differential bioaccumulation may be a trophic effect or reflect methylmercury availability, with potential sources for coastal China (large hypoxic continental shelf receiving discharge of three large rivers, and island-arc volcanism) different from those for coastal Baja California (small continental shelf, no large rivers, spreading-center volcanism).

","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","usgsCitation":"Colman, J.A., Nogueira, J.I., Pancorbo, O.C., Batdorf, C.A., and Block, B.A., 2015, Mercury in Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis):bioaccumulation and trans-Pacific Ocean migration: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 72, p. 1-9.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060319","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312748,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312737,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0476#.Vnmeik3oumu"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.607421875,\n 36.63316209558658\n ],\n [\n -129.8583984375,\n 35.99578538642032\n ],\n [\n -115.7080078125,\n 18.93746442964186\n ],\n [\n -110.21484375,\n 22.2280904167845\n ],\n [\n -122.607421875,\n 36.63316209558658\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -218.671875,\n 41.37680856570233\n ],\n [\n -127.96875,\n 26.902476886279807\n ],\n [\n -121.81640624999999,\n 26.58852714730864\n ],\n [\n -218.671875,\n 41.37680856570233\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567a8245e4b0a04ef490fd11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, John A. 0000-0001-9327-0779 jacolman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9327-0779","contributorId":2098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"John","email":"jacolman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nogueira, Jacob I.","contributorId":150812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nogueira","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":18108,"text":"Tuna Research and Conservation Center, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, California 93950, U.S.A","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pancorbo, Oscar C.","contributorId":150813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pancorbo","given":"Oscar","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":18109,"text":"Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, 37 Shattuck Street, Lawrence, Massachusetts 01843, U.S.A.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Batdorf, Carol A.","contributorId":150814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Batdorf","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":18109,"text":"Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, 37 Shattuck Street, Lawrence, Massachusetts 01843, U.S.A.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Block, Barbara A.","contributorId":150815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Block","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":18108,"text":"Tuna Research and Conservation Center, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, California 93950, U.S.A","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70146549,"text":"70146549 - 2015 - Assessing transmissible spongiform encephalopathy species barriers with an in vitro prion protein conversion assay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-17T15:19:36","indexId":"70146549","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2498,"text":"Journal of Visualized Experiments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing transmissible spongiform encephalopathy species barriers with an in vitro prion protein conversion assay","docAbstract":"

Studies to understanding interspecies transmission of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs, prion diseases) are challenging in that they typically rely upon lengthy and costly in vivo animal challenge studies. A number of in vitro assays have been developed to aid in measuring prion species barriers, thereby reducing animal use and providing quicker results than animal bioassays. Here, we present the protocol for a rapid in vitroprion conversion assay called the conversion efficiency ratio (CER) assay. In this assay cellular prion protein (PrPC) from an uninfected host brain is denatured at both pH 7.4 and 3.5 to produce two substrates. When the pH 7.4 substrate is incubated with TSE agent, the amount of PrPC that converts to a proteinase K (PK)-resistant state is modulated by the original host’s species barrier to the TSE agent. In contrast, PrPC in the pH 3.5 substrate is misfolded by any TSE agent. By comparing the amount of PK-resistant prion protein in the two substrates, an assessment of the host’s species barrier can be made. We show that the CER assay correctly predicts known prion species barriers of laboratory mice and, as an example, show some preliminary results suggesting that bobcats (Lynx rufus) may be susceptible to white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) chronic wasting disease agent.

","language":"English","publisher":"JoVE","doi":"10.3791/52522","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.J., Carlson, C.M., Morawski, A.R., Manthei, A., and Cashman, N.R., 2015, Assessing transmissible spongiform encephalopathy species barriers with an in vitro prion protein conversion assay: Journal of Visualized Experiments, v. 97, e52522, https://doi.org/10.3791/52522.","productDescription":"e52522","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060906","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3791/52522","text":"External Repository"},{"id":299759,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55322ebbe4b0b22a158063d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Christopher J. cjjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Christopher","email":"cjjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, Christina M. 0000-0002-4950-8273 cmcarlson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4950-8273","contributorId":5968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Christina","email":"cmcarlson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morawski, Aaron R.","contributorId":140311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morawski","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13450,"text":"NIH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manthei, Alyson","contributorId":140312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manthei","given":"Alyson","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13451,"text":"Univ. of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cashman, Neil R.","contributorId":140313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cashman","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13452,"text":"Univ. British Columbia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70146556,"text":"70146556 - 2015 - Multivariate analysis relating oil shale geochemical properties to NMR relaxometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-17T10:28:26","indexId":"70146556","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1506,"text":"Energy & Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multivariate analysis relating oil shale geochemical properties to NMR relaxometry","docAbstract":"

Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry has been used to provide insight into shale composition by separating relaxation responses from the various hydrogen-bearing phases present in shales in a noninvasive way. Previous low-field NMR work using solid-echo methods provided qualitative information on organic constituents associated with raw and pyrolyzed oil shale samples, but uncertainty in the interpretation of longitudinal-transverse (T1–T2) relaxometry correlation results indicated further study was required. Qualitative confirmation of peaks attributed to kerogen in oil shale was achieved by comparing T1–T2 correlation measurements made on oil shale samples to measurements made on kerogen isolated from those shales. Quantitative relationships between T1–T2 correlation data and organic geochemical properties of raw and pyrolyzed oil shales were determined using partial least-squares regression (PLSR). Relaxometry results were also compared to infrared spectra, and the results not only provided further confidence in the organic matter peak interpretations but also confirmed attribution of T1–T2 peaks to clay hydroxyls. In addition, PLSR analysis was applied to correlate relaxometry data to trace element concentrations with good success. The results of this work show that NMR relaxometry measurements using the solid-echo approach produce T1–T2 peak distributions that correlate well with geochemical properties of raw and pyrolyzed oil shales.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ef502828k","usgsCitation":"Birdwell, J.E., and Washburn, K.E., 2015, Multivariate analysis relating oil shale geochemical properties to NMR relaxometry: Energy & Fuels, v. 29, no. 4, p. 2234-2243, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef502828k.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2234","endPage":"2243","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061762","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55322edbe4b0b22a158063f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Washburn, Kathryn E.","contributorId":76644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Washburn","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7152,"text":"Weatherford International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70124466,"text":"fs20143071 - 2015 - Trust Species and Habitat Branch: using the innovative approaches of today to conserve biodiversity for tomorrow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-09T12:40:21","indexId":"fs20143071","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-09T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3071","title":"Trust Species and Habitat Branch: using the innovative approaches of today to conserve biodiversity for tomorrow","docAbstract":"

Some of the biggest challenges facing wildlife today are changes to their environment from both natural and anthropogenic causes. Natural resource managers, planners, policy makers, industry and private landowners must make informed decisions and policies regarding management, conservation, and restoration of species, habitats, and ecosystem function in response to these changes. Specific needs include (1) a better understanding of population status and trends; (2) understanding of species’ habitat needs and roles in supporting ecosystem functions; (3) the ability to assess species’ responses to environmental changes and predict future responses; and (4) the development of innovative techniques and tools to better understand, minimize or prevent any unintended consequences of environmental change.

\n

The Trust Species and Habitats Branch of the Fort Collins Science Center includes a diverse group of scientists encompassing both traditional and specialized expertise in wildlife biology, ecosystem ecology, quantitative ecology, disease ecology, molecular genetics, and stable isotope geochemistry. Using our expertise and collaborating with others around the world, our goal is to provide the information, tools, and technologies that our partners need to support conservation, management, and restoration of terrestrial vertebrate populations, habitats, and ecosystem function in a changing world.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143071","usgsCitation":"Stevens, P., and Walters, K.D., 2015, Trust Species and Habitat Branch: using the innovative approaches of today to conserve biodiversity for tomorrow: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3071, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143071.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056932","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298373,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143071.jpg"},{"id":298371,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3071/"},{"id":298372,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3071/pdf/fs2014-3071.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.47 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54feb61ee4b02419550deba1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Patricia stevensp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Patricia","email":"stevensp@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, Katie D. waltersk@usgs.gov","contributorId":741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Katie","email":"waltersk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70124468,"text":"fs20143076 - 2015 - Invasive Species Science Branch: research and management tools for controlling invasive species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-09T12:42:18","indexId":"fs20143076","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-09T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3076","title":"Invasive Species Science Branch: research and management tools for controlling invasive species","docAbstract":"

Invasive, nonnative species of plants, animals, and disease organisms adversely affect the ecosystems they enter. Like “biological wildfires,” they can quickly spread and affect nearly all terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Invasive species have become one of the greatest environmental challenges of the 21st century in economic, environmental, and human health costs, with an estimated effect in the United States of more than $120 billion per year. Managers of the Department of the Interior and other public and private lands often rank invasive species as their top resource management problem. The Invasive Species Science Branch of the Fort Collins Science Center provides research and technical assistance relating to management concerns for invasive species, including understanding how these species are introduced, identifying areas vulnerable to invasion, forecasting invasions, and developing control methods. To disseminate this information, branch scientists are developing platforms to share invasive species information with DOI cooperators, other agency partners, and the public. From these and other data, branch scientists are constructing models to understand and predict invasive species distributions for more effective management. The branch also has extensive herpetological and population biology expertise that is applied to harmful reptile invaders such as the Brown Treesnake on Guam and Burmese Python in Florida.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143076","usgsCitation":"Reed, R., and Walters, K.D., 2015, Invasive Species Science Branch: research and management tools for controlling invasive species: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3076, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143076.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056936","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143076.jpg"},{"id":298374,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3076/"},{"id":298375,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3076/pdf/fs2014-3076.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54feb61ce4b02419550deb9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Robert N. reedr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Robert N.","email":"reedr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, Katie D. waltersk@usgs.gov","contributorId":741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Katie","email":"waltersk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70141768,"text":"fs20153013 - 2015 - National Unmanned Aircraft Systems Project Office","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-09T11:17:11","indexId":"fs20153013","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-09T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3013","title":"National Unmanned Aircraft Systems Project Office","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Project Office leads the implementation of UAS technology in the Department of the Interior (DOI). Our mission is to support the transition of UAS into DOI as a new cost-effective tool for collecting remote-sensing data to monitor environmental conditions, respond to natural hazards, recognize the consequences and benefits of land and climate change and conduct wildlife inventories. The USGS is teaming with all DOI agencies and academia as well as local, State, and Tribal governments with guidance from the Federal Aviation Administration and the DOI Office of Aviation Services (OAS) to lead the safe, efficient, costeffective and leading-edge adoption of UAS technology into the scientific research and operational activities of the DOI.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153013","usgsCitation":"Goplen, S.E., and Sloan, J.L., 2015, National Unmanned Aircraft Systems Project Office: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3013, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153013.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061097","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20153013.jpg"},{"id":298364,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3013/pdf/fs2015-3013.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298363,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3013/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54feb61de4b02419550deb9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goplen, Susan E. segoplen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goplen","given":"Susan","email":"segoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sloan, Jeff L. jlsloan@usgs.gov","contributorId":3918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloan","given":"Jeff","email":"jlsloan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70124469,"text":"fs20143073 - 2015 - Aquatics Systems Branch: transdisciplinary research to address water-related environmental problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-09T11:48:49","indexId":"fs20143073","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-09T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3073","title":"Aquatics Systems Branch: transdisciplinary research to address water-related environmental problems","docAbstract":"

The Aquatic Systems Branch at the Fort Collins Science Center is a group of scientists dedicated to advancing interdisciplinary science and providing science support to solve water-related environmental issues. Natural resource managers have an increasing need for scientific information and stakeholders face enormous challenges of increasing and competing demands for water. Our scientists are leaders in ecological flows, riparian ecology, hydroscape ecology, ecosystem management, and contaminant biology. The Aquatic Systems Branch employs and develops state-of-the-science approaches in field investigations, laboratory experiments, remote sensing, simulation and predictive modeling, and decision support tools. We use the aquatic experimental laboratory, the greenhouse, the botanical garden and other advanced facilities to conduct unique research. Our scientists pursue research on the ground, in the rivers, and in the skies, generating and testing hypotheses and collecting quantitative information to support planning and design in natural resource management and aquatic restoration.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143073","usgsCitation":"Dong, Q., and Walters, K.D., 2015, Aquatics Systems Branch: transdisciplinary research to address water-related environmental problems: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3073, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143073.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056937","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298370,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143073.jpg"},{"id":298368,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3073/"},{"id":298369,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3073/pdf/fs2014-3073.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54feb619e4b02419550deb99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dong, Quan 0000-0003-0571-5884 qdong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0571-5884","contributorId":4506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"Quan","email":"qdong@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, Katie D. waltersk@usgs.gov","contributorId":741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Katie","email":"waltersk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70142635,"text":"70142635 - 2015 - Integrated climate and land use change scenarios for California rangeland ecosystem services: wildlife habitat, soil carbon, and water supply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T14:44:28","indexId":"70142635","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-09T02:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated climate and land use change scenarios for California rangeland ecosystem services: wildlife habitat, soil carbon, and water supply","docAbstract":"
Context
\n

In addition to biodiversity conservation, California rangelands generate multiple ecosystem services including livestock production, drinking and irrigation water, and carbon sequestration. California rangeland ecosystems have experienced substantial conversion to residential land use and more intensive agriculture.

\n
Objectives
\n

To understand the potential impacts to rangeland ecosystem services, we developed six spatially explicit (250 m) climate/land use change scenarios for the Central Valley of California and surrounding foothills consistent with three Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emission scenario narratives.

\n
Methods
\n

We quantified baseline and projected change in wildlife habitat, soil organic carbon (SOC), and water supply (recharge and runoff). For six case study watersheds we quantified the interactions of future development and changing climate on recharge, runoff and streamflow, and precipitation thresholds where dominant watershed hydrological processes shift through analysis of covariance.

\n
Results
\n

The scenarios show that across the region, habitat loss is expected to occur predominantly in grasslands, primarily due to future development (up to a 37 % decline by 2100), however habitat loss in priority conservation errors will likely be due to cropland and hay/pasture expansion (up to 40 % by 2100). Grasslands in the region contain approximately 100 teragrams SOC in the top 20 cm, and up to 39 % of this SOC is subject to conversion by 2100. In dryer periods recharge processes typically dominate runoff. Future development lowers the precipitation value at which recharge processes dominate runoff, and combined with periods of drought, reduces the opportunity for recharge, especially on deep soils.

\n
Conclusion
\n

Results support the need for climate-smart land use planning that takes recharge areas into account, which will provide opportunities for water storage in dry years. Given projections for agriculture, more modeling is needed on feedbacks between agricultural expansion on rangelands and water supply.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-015-0159-7","usgsCitation":"Byrd, K.B., Flint, L.E., Alvarez, P., Casey, F., Sleeter, B.M., Soulard, C.E., Flint, A.L., and Sohl, T.L., 2015, Integrated climate and land use change scenarios for California rangeland ecosystem services: wildlife habitat, soil carbon, and water supply: Landscape Ecology, v. 30, no. 4, p. 729-750, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0159-7.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"729","endPage":"750","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059547","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0159-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298389,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.574951171875,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -122.37670898437499,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -123.81591796875,\n 38.90813299596705\n ],\n [\n -124.024658203125,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -121.981201171875,\n 40.76390128094589\n ],\n [\n -121.62963867187499,\n 40.287906612507406\n ],\n [\n -120.904541015625,\n 39.257778150283336\n ],\n [\n -118.57543945312501,\n 36.60670888641815\n ],\n [\n -118.5205078125,\n 34.397844946449865\n ],\n [\n -120.574951171875,\n 34.379712580462204\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54feb61be4b02419550deb9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byrd, Kristin B. 0000-0002-5725-7486 kbyrd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5725-7486","contributorId":3814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrd","given":"Kristin","email":"kbyrd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alvarez, Pelayo","contributorId":139613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Pelayo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12808,"text":"California Rangeland Conservation Coalition","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casey, Frank ccasey@usgs.gov","contributorId":4188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"Frank","email":"ccasey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Soulard, Christopher E. 0000-0002-5777-9516 csoulard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-9516","contributorId":2642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Christopher","email":"csoulard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231 sohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"sohl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70138865,"text":"70138865 - 2015 - Adaptive harvest management for the Svalbard population of Pink-Footed Geese: 2014 progress summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-21T14:59:55","indexId":"70138865","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Adaptive harvest management for the Svalbard population of Pink-Footed Geese: 2014 progress summary","docAbstract":"

This document describes progress to date on the development of an adaptive harvest-management strategy for maintaining the Svalbard population of pink-footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus) near their agreed target level (60 thousand) by providing for sustainable harvests in Norway and Denmark.  Specifically, this report provides an assessment of the most recent monitoring information and its implications for the harvest management strategy.

\n

The development of a passively adaptive harvest management strategy requires specification of four elements: (a) a set of alternative population models, describing the effects of harvest and other relevant environmental factors; (b) a set of probabilities describing the relative credibility of the alternative models, which are updated each year based on a comparison of model predictions and monitoring information; (c) a set of alternative harvest quotas, from which a 3-year quota is chosen; and (d) an objective function, by which alternative harvest strategies can be evaluated and an optimal strategy chosen. 

\n

By combining varying hypotheses about survival and reproduction, a suite of nine models have been developed that represent a wide range of possibilities concerning the extent to which demographic rates are density dependent or independent, and the extent to which spring temperatures are important.  Five of the models incorporate density-dependent mechanisms that would maintain the population near a carrying capacity (i.e., in the absence of harvest) of 65k – 129k depending on the specific model.  The remaining four models are density independent and predict an exponentially growing population even with moderate levels of harvest.

\n

The most current set of monitoring information was used to update model weights for the period 1991 – 2013.  Current model weights suggest little or no evidence for density-dependent survival and reproduction.  These results suggest that the pink-footed goose population may have recently experienced a release from density-dependent mechanisms, corresponding to the period of most rapid growth in population size.  There was equivocal evidence for the effect of May temperature days (number of days with temperatures above freezing: TempDays) on survival and on reproduction.

\n

During the summer of 2013 we computed an optimal harvest strategy for the 3-year period 2013 – 2015. The strategy suggested that the appropriate annual harvest quota is 15 thousand. The 1-year harvest strategy calculated to determine whether an emergency closure of the hunting season is required this year suggested an allowable harvest of 25.0 thousand; thus, a hunting-season closure is not warranted.  If the harvest quota of 15 thousand were met in the coming hunting season, the next population count would be expected to be 71.0 thousand.  If only the most recent 4-year mean harvest were realized (11.3 thousand), a population size of 74.8 thousand would be expected.  Simulations suggest that it will take approximately seven years at current harvest levels to reduce population size to the goal of 60 thousand.  However, it is possible that the extension of the forthcoming hunting season in Denmark could result in a total harvest approaching 15 thousand; in this case, simulations suggest it would only take about three years to reach the goal.

","language":"English","publisher":"Aarhus University; Danish Center for Environment and Energy","usgsCitation":"Johnson, F.A., and Madsen, J., 2015, Adaptive harvest management for the Svalbard population of Pink-Footed Geese: 2014 progress summary, no. 40, 22 p.","productDescription":"22 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057797","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312647,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dce.au.dk/udgivelser/tr/nr-1-49/abstracts/no-40-adaptive-harvest-management-for-the-svalbard-population-of-pink-footed-geese-2014-progress-summary/"}],"country":"Norway","otherGeospatial":"Svalbard","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 16.2158203125,\n 80.77471572295197\n ],\n [\n 33.57421875,\n 80.71818333779603\n ],\n [\n 34.1015625,\n 78.16157013950931\n ],\n [\n 19.51171875,\n 74.06786624952264\n ],\n [\n 15.6005859375,\n 74.8793566119438\n ],\n [\n 8.96484375,\n 78.7163161518392\n ],\n [\n 8.26171875,\n 79.60821469998169\n ],\n [\n 15.380859374999998,\n 80.66130757742846\n ],\n [\n 16.2158203125,\n 80.77471572295197\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"40","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567930bde4b0da412f4fb52e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Fred A. 0000-0002-5854-3695 fjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5854-3695","contributorId":2773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred","email":"fjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madsen, J.","contributorId":31921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madsen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70144493,"text":"70144493 - 2015 - Using near-real-time monitoring data from Pu'u 'Ō'ō vent at Kīlauea Volcano for training and educational purposes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-31T11:50:05","indexId":"70144493","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3841,"text":"Journal of Applied Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using near-real-time monitoring data from Pu'u 'Ō'ō vent at Kīlauea Volcano for training and educational purposes","docAbstract":"

Training non-scientists in the use of volcano-monitoring data is critical preparation in advance of a volcanic crisis, but it is currently unclear which methods are most effective for improving the content-knowledge of non-scientists to help bridge communications between volcano experts and non-experts. We measured knowledge gains for beginning-(introductory-level students) and novice-level learners (students with a basic understanding of geologic concepts) engaged in the Volcanoes Exploration Program: Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō (VEPP) “Monday Morning Meeting at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory” classroom activity that incorporates authentic Global Positioning System (GPS), tilt, seismic, and webcam data from the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō eruptive vent on Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i (NAGT website, 2010), as a means of exploring methods for effectively advancing non-expert understanding of volcano monitoring. Learner groups consisted of students in introductory and upper-division college geology courses at two different institutions. Changes in their content knowledge and confidence in the use of data were assessed before and after the activity using multiple-choice and open-ended questions. Learning assessments demonstrated that students who took part in the exercise increased their understanding of volcano-monitoring practices and implications, with beginners reaching a novice stage, and novices reaching an advanced level (akin to students who have completed an upper-division university volcanology class). Additionally, participants gained stronger confidence in their ability to understand the data. These findings indicate that training modules like the VEPP: Monday Morning Meeting classroom activity that are designed to prepare non-experts for responding to volcanic activity and interacting with volcano scientists should introduce real monitoring data prior to proceeding with role-paying scenarios that are commonly used in such courses. The learning gains from the combined approach will help improve effective communications between volcano experts and non-experts during times of crisis, thereby reducing the potential for confusion and misinterpretation of data.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s13617-015-0026-x","usgsCitation":"Teasdale, R., Kraft, K.V., and Poland, M.P., 2015, Using near-real-time monitoring data from Pu'u 'Ō'ō vent at Kīlauea Volcano for training and educational purposes: Journal of Applied Volcanology, v. 4, no. 11, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-015-0026-x.","productDescription":"16 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055760","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-015-0026-x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299209,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.3075408935547,\n 19.38888634723281\n ],\n [\n -155.3075408935547,\n 19.442636882017393\n ],\n [\n -155.2338981628418,\n 19.442636882017393\n ],\n [\n -155.2338981628418,\n 19.38888634723281\n ],\n [\n -155.3075408935547,\n 19.38888634723281\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551bc52ee4b0323842783a5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Teasdale, Rachel","contributorId":102388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teasdale","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraft, Katrien van der Hoeven","contributorId":139983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kraft","given":"Katrien","email":"","middleInitial":"van der Hoeven","affiliations":[{"id":13342,"text":"Mesa Community College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":127857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70142305,"text":"70142305 - 2015 - Evaluating the status of individuals and populations: Advantages of multiple approaches and time scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-03T15:27:28.201045","indexId":"70142305","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-06T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Evaluating the status of individuals and populations: Advantages of multiple approaches and time scales","docAbstract":"

The assessment of population status is a central goal of applied wildlife research and essential to the field of wildlife conservation. “Population status” has a number of definitions, the most widely used having to do with the current trajectory of the population (i.e., growing, stable, or declining), or the probability of persistence (i.e., extinction risk), perhaps without any specific knowledge as to the factors driving a population’s dynamics. In contrast, a population’s status relative to the carrying capacity of the environment (K) is an ecologically-based definition that explicitly provides information about a major mechanism of population control. That is, it relates to the relative per capita availability of resources to individuals in a population, which can also be used to infer the state of the environment itself.

\n

Sea otters in the North Pacific provide an excellent system with which to examine various approaches to assessing population status relative to K. This is because sea otters were nearly extirpated by historic commercial overexploitation in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, followed by natural and translocation-aided population recovery during the twentieth century, and this decline and recovery has been relatively well documented. This provided a unique opportunity to study populations at the extremes of the population status spectrum. Here we describe and review the approaches that have been utilized in sea otter research to understand the status of populations relative to resource abundance. Specifically, we will illustrate the utility of various indices of population status for understanding population dynamics using the case study of a second precipitous sea otter decline in the Western Aleutians. The indices or “tools” described here fit into several broad categories including (1) energetic, (2) morphological, and (3) demographic as well as a fourth category of emerging tools that have not yet been employed in many other situations including dietary diversity, community structure, spatial distribution, and gene expression.

\n

Overall, a variety of indices used to measure population status throughout the sea otter’s range have provided insights for understanding the mechanisms driving the trajectory of various sea otter populations, which a single index could not, and we suggest using multiple methods to measure a population’s status at multiple spatial and temporal scales. The work described here also illustrates the usefulness of long-term data sets and/or approaches that can be used to assess population status retrospectively, providing information otherwise not available. While not all systems will be as amenable to using all the approaches presented here, we expect innovative researchers could adapt analogous multi-scale methods to a broad range of habitats and species including apex predators occupying the top trophic levels, which are often of conservation concern.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sea Otter Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-801402-8.00006-8","usgsCitation":"Monson, D., and Bowen, L., 2015, Evaluating the status of individuals and populations: Advantages of multiple approaches and time scales, chap. 6 of Sea Otter Conservation, p. 121-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801402-8.00006-8.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"158","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049066","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298330,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54facfaae4b02419550db6ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, Lizabeth 0000-0001-9115-4336 lbowen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9115-4336","contributorId":4539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Lizabeth","email":"lbowen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}