{"pageNumber":"1270","pageRowStart":"31725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40904,"records":[{"id":24929,"text":"ofr97166 - 1997 - Preliminary geologic map of the Burbank 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-09T11:12:25.315793","indexId":"ofr97166","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-166","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Burbank 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database","docAbstract":"<p>This Open-File report is a digital geologic map database. This pamphlet serves to introduce and describe the digital data. There is no paper map included in the Open-File report.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This digital map database is compiled from previously published sources combined with some new mapping and modifications in nomenclature. The geologic map database delineates map units that are identified by general age and lithology following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U. S. Geological Survey. For detailed descriptions of the units, their stratigraphic relations, sources of geologic mapping, and data on exploratory wells consult Yerkes (1996), and Yerkes and Showalter (1990). More specific information about the units may be available in the original sources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97166","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Yerkes, R., 1997, Preliminary geologic map of the Burbank 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-166, Readme: TXT; Readme: PDF, 11p.; Complete digital package; Geology; Structure; Wells; Composite base map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97166.","productDescription":"Readme: TXT; Readme: PDF, 11p.; Complete digital package; Geology; Structure; Wells; Composite base map","numberOfPages":"11","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284243,"rank":7,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr97166.jpg"},{"id":1900,"rank":8,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0166/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156880,"rank":1,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0166/pdf/of97-166.pdf"},{"id":53899,"rank":9,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0166/burbnk.txt","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284238,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0166/burbnk.tar.gz"},{"id":284239,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0166/bu-geol.e00.gz"},{"id":284240,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0166/bu-strc.e00.gz"},{"id":284241,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0166/bu-pts.e00.gz"},{"id":284242,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0166/bu-topo.e00.gz"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.375,34.125 ], [ -118.375,34.25 ], [ -118.25,34.25 ], [ -118.25,34.125 ], [ -118.375,34.125 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bc96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yerkes, R.F.","contributorId":105752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24934,"text":"ofr97164 - 1997 - Preliminary geologic map of the Mint Canyon 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-09T11:14:54.341105","indexId":"ofr97164","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-164","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Mint Canyon 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database","docAbstract":"<p>This Open-File report is a digital geologic map database. This pamphlet serves to introduce and describe the digital data. There is no paper map included in the Open-File report.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This digital map database is compiled from previously published sources combined with some new mapping and modifications in nomenclature. The geologic map database delineates map units that are identified by general age and lithology following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U. S. Geological Survey. For detailed descriptions of the units, their stratigraphic relations, sources of geologic mapping, and data on exploratory wells consult Yerkes (1996), and Yerkes and Showalter (1990). More specific information about the units may be available in the original sources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97164","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Yerkes, R., 1997, Preliminary geologic map of the Mint Canyon 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-164, Readme: TXT; Readme: PDF, 11 p.; Complete digital package; Geology; Structure; Wells; Composite base map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97164.","productDescription":"Readme: TXT; Readme: PDF, 11 p.; Complete digital package; Geology; Structure; Wells; Composite base map","numberOfPages":"11","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284229,"rank":7,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr97164.jpg"},{"id":1904,"rank":8,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0164/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156884,"rank":1,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0164/pdf/of97-164.pdf"},{"id":53903,"rank":9,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0164/mint.txt","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284224,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0164/mint.tar.gz"},{"id":284225,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0164/mn-geol.e00.gz"},{"id":284226,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0164/mn-strc.e00.gz"},{"id":284227,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0164/mn-wells.e00.gz"},{"id":284228,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0164/mn-topo.e00.gz"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.5,34.375 ], [ -118.5,34.5 ], [ -118.375,34.5 ], [ -118.375,34.375 ], [ -118.5,34.375 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b052","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yerkes, R.F.","contributorId":105752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185281,"text":"70185281 - 1997 - Sequestration of hydrophobic organic contaminants by geosorbents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T14:45:19","indexId":"70185281","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sequestration of hydrophobic organic contaminants by geosorbents","docAbstract":"<p><span>The chemical interactions of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) with soils and sediments (geosorbents) may result in strong binding and slow subsequent release rates that significantly affect remediation rates and endpoints. The underlying physical and chemical phenomena potentially responsible for this apparent sequestration of HOCs by geosorbents are not well understood. This challenges our concepts for assessing exposure and toxicity and for setting environmental quality criteria. Currently there are no direct observational data revealing the molecular-scale locations in which nonpolar organic compounds accumulate when associated with natural soils or sediments. Hence macroscopic observations are used to make inferences about sorption mechanisms and the chemical factors affecting the sequestration of HOCs by geosorbents. Recent observations suggest that HOC interactions with geosorbents comprise different inorganic and organic surfaces and matrices, and distinctions may be drawn along these lines, particularly with regard to the roles of inorganic micropores, natural sorbent organic matter components, combustion residue particulate carbon, and spilled organic liquids. Certain manipulations of sorbates or sorbent media may help reveal sorption mechanisms, but mixed sorption phenomena complicate the interpretation of macroscopic data regarding diffusion of HOCs into and out of different matrices and the hysteretic sorption and aging effects commonly observed for geosorbents. Analytical characterizations at the microscale, and mechanistic models derived therefrom, are needed to advance scientific knowledge of HOC sequestration, release, and environmental risk.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es970512m","usgsCitation":"Luthy, R.G., Aiken, G.R., Brusseau, M.L., Cunningham, S.D., Gschwend, P.M., Pignatello, J.J., Reinhard, M., Traina, S.J., Weber, W.J., and Westall, J.C., 1997, Sequestration of hydrophobic organic contaminants by geosorbents: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, no. 12, p. 3341-3347, https://doi.org/10.1021/es970512m.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"3341","endPage":"3347","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337818,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf5a0e4b0849ce97f0cfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luthy, Richard G.","contributorId":99280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luthy","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brusseau, Mark L.","contributorId":189434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brusseau","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cunningham, Scott D.","contributorId":189501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gschwend, Philip M.","contributorId":189502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gschwend","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pignatello, Joseph J.","contributorId":9143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pignatello","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reinhard, Martin","contributorId":187403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reinhard","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Traina, Samuel J.","contributorId":189503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Traina","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Weber, Walter J. Jr.","contributorId":189504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weber","given":"Walter","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Westall, John C.","contributorId":189505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westall","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70019439,"text":"70019439 - 1997 - Video evaluation of passage efficiency of American shad and sea lamprey in a modified ice harbor fishway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-26T16:13:30.940621","indexId":"70019439","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Video evaluation of passage efficiency of American shad and sea lamprey in a modified ice harbor fishway","docAbstract":"<p><span>Movement and behavior of adult American shad&nbsp;</span><i>Alosa sapidissima</i><span>&nbsp;and sea lamprey&nbsp;</span><i>Petromyzon marinus</i><span>&nbsp;were monitored by closed-circuit video at several locations within a modified Ice Harbor fishway. American shad ascended and descended the fishway exclusively by surface weirs, while sea lampreys used both surface weirs and submerged orifices. Upstream movement of American shad during the day was higher than at night at both lower and middle fishway observation sites. Peak downstream movement of American shad at both locations was associated with decreasing light levels in the evening. Sea lampreys moved primarily at night at the lower and middle fishway sites. Mean daily passage efficiency was low (1% for American shad, −2% for sea lamprey) at the lower fishway surface weir, but passage efficiency at the middle fishway surface weir was moderate (70% for American shad, 35% for sea lamprey) . High water velocity, air entrainment, and turbulence of the modified Ice Harbor fishway design appeared to inhibit American shad and sea lamprey passage by disrupting upstream migratory motivation and visual and rheotactic orientation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1997)017<0981:VEOPEO>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Haro, A., and Kynard, B., 1997, Video evaluation of passage efficiency of American shad and sea lamprey in a modified ice harbor fishway: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 17, no. 4, p. 981-987, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1997)017<0981:VEOPEO>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"981","endPage":"987","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226657,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc25ce4b08c986b32aac5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haro, A.","contributorId":6792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kynard, B.","contributorId":51232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70073661,"text":"70073661 - 1997 - Dimensionality of ground water flow models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-21T10:37:41","indexId":"70073661","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T10:26:53","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dimensionality of ground water flow models","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ground Water Publishing Company","publisherLocation":"Dublin, OH","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00163.x","usgsCitation":"Leake, S.A., and Mock, P., 1997, Dimensionality of ground water flow models: Ground Water, v. 35, no. 6, p. 930-930, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00163.x.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"930","endPage":"930","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281309,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00163.x"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd551ee4b0b290850f6229","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mock, P.A.","contributorId":11114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mock","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1243,"text":"wsp2341C - 1997 - Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the thick regolith-fractured crystalline rock aquifer system of Indian Creek basin, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-06T22:32:21.269505","indexId":"wsp2341C","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2341","chapter":"C","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the thick regolith-fractured crystalline rock aquifer system of Indian Creek basin, North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>The Indian Creek Basin in the southwestern Piedmont of North Carolina is one of five type areas studied as part of the Appalachian Valleys-Piedmont Regional Aquifer-System analysis. Detailed studies of selected type areas were used to quantify ground-water flow characteristics in various conceptual hydrogeologic terranes. The conceptual hydrogeologic terranes are considered representative of ground-water conditions beneath large areas of the three physiographic provinces--Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge, and Piedmont--that compose the Appalachian Valleys-Piedmont Regional Aquifer-System Analysis area. The Appalachian Valleys-Piedmont Regional Aquifer-System Analysis study area extends over approximately 142,000 square miles in 11 states and the District of Columbia in the Appalachian highlands of the Eastern United States. The Indian Creek type area is typical of ground-water conditions in a single hydrogeologic terrane that underlies perhaps as much as 40 percent of the Piedmont physiographic province. </p><p>The hydrogeologic terrane of the Indian Creek model area is one of massive and foliated crystalline rocks mantled by thick regolith. The area lies almost entirely within the Inner Piedmont geologic belt. Five hydrogeologic units occupy major portions of the model area, but statistical tests on well yields, specific capacities, and other hydrologic characteristics show that the five hydrogeologic units can be treated as one unit for purposes of modeling ground-water flow. </p><p>The 146-square-mile Indian Creek model area includes the Indian Creek Basin, which has a surface drainage area of about 69 square miles. The Indian Creek Basin lies in parts of Catawba, Lincoln, and Gaston Counties, North Carolina. The larger model area is based on boundary conditions established for digital simulation of ground-water flow within the smaller Indian Creek Basin. </p><p>The ground-water flow model of the Indian Creek Basin is based on the U.S. Geological Survey?s modular finite-difference ground-water flow model. The model area is divided into a uniformly spaced grid having 196 rows and 140 columns. The grid spacing is 500 feet. The model grid is oriented to coincide with fabric elements such that rows are oriented parallel to fractures (N. 72° E.) and columns are oriented parallel to foliation (N. 18° W.). The model is discretized vertically into 11 layers; the top layer represents the soil and saprolite of the regolith, and the lower 10 layers represent bedrock. The base of the model is 850 feet below land surface. The top bedrock layer, which is only 25 feet thick, represents the transition zone between saprolite and unweathered bedrock. </p><p>The assignment of different values of transmissivity to the bedrock according to the topographic setting of model cells and depth results in inherent lateral and vertical anisotropy in the model with zones of high transmissivity in bedrock coinciding with valleys and draws, and zones of low transmissivity in bedrock coinciding with hills and ridges. Lateral anisotropy tends to be most pronounced in the north-northwest to south-southeast direction. Transmissivities decrease nonlineraly with depth. At 850 feet, depending on topographic setting, transmissivities have decreased to about 1 to 4 percent of the value of transmissivity immediately below the regolith-bedrock interface. </p><p>The model boundaries are, for the most part, specified-flux boundaries that coincide with streams that surround the Indian Creek Basin. The area of active model nodes within the boundaries is about 146 square miles and has about 17,400 active cells. The numerical model is designed not as a predictive tool, but as an interpretive one. The model is designed to help gain insight into flow-system dynamics. Predictive capabilities of the numerical model are limited by the constraints placed on the flow system by specified fluxes and recharge distribution.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2341C","usgsCitation":"Daniel, C., Smith, D.G., and Eimers, J., 1997, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the thick regolith-fractured crystalline rock aquifer system of Indian Creek basin, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2341, viii, 137 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2341C.","productDescription":"viii, 137 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411533,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25369.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":26172,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2341c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2341c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Indian Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.25230702730993,\n              35.58329130222313\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.51100330067938,\n              35.58329130222313\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.51100330067938,\n              35.36336371030562\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.25230702730993,\n              35.36336371030562\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.25230702730993,\n              35.58329130222313\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db62527b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daniel, Charles C.","contributorId":91081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniel","given":"Charles C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Douglas G. dgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"dgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":143429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eimers, Jo Leslie","contributorId":52946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eimers","given":"Jo Leslie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30622,"text":"wri974024 - 1997 - Simulation of subsurface storage and recovery of effluent using multiple wells, St Petersburg, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:00","indexId":"wri974024","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4024","title":"Simulation of subsurface storage and recovery of effluent using multiple wells, St Petersburg, Florida","docAbstract":"The potential for subsurface storage and recovery, otherwise called aquifer storage and recovery, of effluent in the uppermost producing zone of the Upper Floridan aquifer in St. Petersburg, Florida, was studied by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of St. Petersburg and the Southwest Florida Water Management District. The success of subsurface storage and recovery depends on the recovery efficiency, or the quantity of water, relative to the quantity injected, that can be recovered before the water that is withdrawn fails to meet salinity limits. The viability of this practice will depend upon the ability of the injected zone to receive, store, and discharge the injected fluid. A three-dimensional numerical model of ground-water flow and solute transport, incorporating available data on aquifer properties and water quality, was developed to evaluate the effects of changing various operational factors on recovery efficiency. The reference case for testing was a base model considered representative of the aquifer system underlying the Southwest St. Petersburg Water Treatment Facility. The base simulation used as a standard for comparison consisted of a single cycle of 90 days of simultaneous injection of effluent in three wells at a rate of 4.0 million gallons per day and then equal rate withdrawal of 4.0 million gallons per day until the pumped water in each well reached a dissolvedsolids concentration of 1,500 milligrams per liter. A recovery efficiency of 14.8 percent was estimated for the base simulation. Ten successive injection and recovery cycles increased recovery efficiency to about 56 percent. Based on model simulations for hypothetical conditions, recovery efficiency (1) increased with successive injection and recovery cycles; (2) increased when the volume of injectant increased; (3) decreased when storage time increased; (4) did not change significantly when the injection rate or recovery rate increased, or when the ratio of recovery rate to injection rate increased, and (5) was not significantly affected by any particular geometric arrangement of wells or by the number of wells when the volume of water injected remained constant. Recovery efficiency from multiple wells was nearly the same as from a single well. Recovery efficiency ranged from about 7 to 56 percent, in several tests. Sensitivity of recovery efficiency to variations in selected parameters such as dissolved-solids concentration of the injection zone, permeability, vertical anisotropy, longitudinal and transverse dispersivities, and effective porosity was tested. Changes in the dissolved-solids concentration of the injection zone produced the greatest change in recovery efficiency. Uniform changes in dispersivity values produced the second greatest change in recovery efficiency. Generally, recovery efficiency increased when the above parameter values were decreased and recovery efficiency decreased when these parameter values were increased. Density difference between native and injected waters was the most important factor affecting recovery efficiency in this study. For the base simulation, sensitivity tests indicated that recovery efficiency increased from about 15 to 78 percent when the dissolved-solids concentration of the native water decreased from about 7,800 to 500 milligrams per liter. Dispersivity is another important factor affecting recovery efficiency. For the base simulation, sensitivity tests indicated that recovery efficiencies from about 9 to 24 percent can be obtained for different dispersivity values. A field determination of dispersivity was not made as part of this study, and values used may not be representative of the actual dispersive characteristics of the aquifer system at the study site. However, dispersivity values tested are within the range of values used in previous studies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Center [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974024","usgsCitation":"Yobbi, D.K., 1997, Simulation of subsurface storage and recovery of effluent using multiple wells, St Petersburg, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4024, v, 30 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974024.","productDescription":"v, 30 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2937,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri974024/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f1f5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yobbi, D. K.","contributorId":56622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yobbi","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":67577,"text":"i2600F_ED1 - 1997 - Coastal-change and glaciological map of the Bakutis Coast, Antarctica","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":67577,"text":"i2600F_ED1 - 1997 - Coastal-change and glaciological map of the Bakutis Coast, Antarctica","indexId":"i2600F_ED1","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Coastal-change and glaciological map of the Bakutis Coast, Antarctica"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":69808,"text":"i2600F - 2003 - Coastal-change and glaciological map of the Bakutis Coast, Antarctica: 1972-2002","indexId":"i2600F","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Coastal-change and glaciological map of the Bakutis Coast, Antarctica: 1972-2002"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":69808,"text":"i2600F - 2003 - Coastal-change and glaciological map of the Bakutis Coast, Antarctica: 1972-2002","indexId":"i2600F","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Coastal-change and glaciological map of the Bakutis Coast, Antarctica: 1972-2002"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-25T08:59:53","indexId":"i2600F_ED1","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2600-F","title":"Coastal-change and glaciological map of the Bakutis Coast, Antarctica","docAbstract":"Changes in the area and volume of the polar ice sheets are intricately linked to changes in global climate, and the resulting changes in sea level may severely impact the densely populated coastal regions on Earth.  Loss of the West Antarctic part of the Antarctic ice sheet alone could cause a sea-level rise of approximately 6 m.  The potential sea-level rise after melting of the entire Antarctic ice sheet is estimated to be 65 m to 73 m.  In spite of its importance, the mass balance (the net volumetric gain or loss) of the Antarctic ice sheet is poorly known; it is not known whether the ice sheet is growing or shrinking.  As a result, measurement of changes in the Antarctic ice sheet was given a very high priority in recommendations by the Polar Research Board of the National Research Council (1986), by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) (1989), and by the National Science Foundation's (1990) Division of Polar Programs.  An archive of early 1970's Landsat 1, 2, and 3 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images of Antarctica and the fact that the repeat coverage with satellite images provided an excellent means of documenting changes in the coastline of Antarctica provided the impetus for carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the glaciological features of the coastal regions and changes in ice fronts of Antarctica.  The project was later modified to include Landsat 4 and 5 MSS and Thematic Mapper (TM) and RADARSAT images to compare changes over a 20- to 25- year time interval and to prepare a series of 24 1:1,000,000-scale and 1 1:5,000,000-scale U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Series Maps ('I-Maps') (Williams and others, 1995; Williams and Ferrigno, 1998; and Ferrigno and others, 2002) in both paper and digital format.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal-change and glaciological maps of Antarctica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2600F_ED1","isbn":"0607879041","usgsCitation":"Swithinbank, C., Williams, R., Ferrigno, J.G., Seekins, B.A., Lucchita, B., and Rosanova, C.E., 1997, Coastal-change and glaciological map of the Bakutis Coast, Antarctica (1st Edition): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2600-F, 1 Plate: 41.97 x 30.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2600F_ED1.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 41.97 x 30.00 inches","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":260914,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2600f/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Polar stereographic, MSL","otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Bakutis Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -130,\n              -78\n            ],\n            [\n              -104,\n              -78\n            ],\n            [\n              -104,\n              -73.00\n            ],\n            [\n              -130,\n              -73.00\n            ],\n            [\n              -130,\n              -78\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"1st Edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d66d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swithinbank, Charles","contributorId":26368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swithinbank","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":90679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":276774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seekins, B. A.","contributorId":32130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seekins","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lucchita, B.K.","contributorId":104983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchita","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosanova, Christine E.","contributorId":77239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosanova","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":27168,"text":"wri964240 - 1997 - Full Equations (FEQ) model for the solution of the full, dynamic equations of motion for one-dimensional unsteady flow in open channels and through control structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-16T08:24:09","indexId":"wri964240","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4240","title":"Full Equations (FEQ) model for the solution of the full, dynamic equations of motion for one-dimensional unsteady flow in open channels and through control structures","docAbstract":"The Full EQuations (FEQ) model is a computer program for solution of the full, dynamic equations of motion for one-dimensional unsteady flow in open channels and through control structures. A stream system that is simulated by application of FEQ is subdivided into stream reaches (branches), parts of the stream system for which complete information on flow and depth are not required (dummy branches), and level-pool reservoirs. These components are connected by special features; that is, hydraulic control structures, including junctions, bridges, culverts, dams, waterfalls, spillways, weirs, side weirs, and pumps. The principles of conservation of mass and conservation of momentum are used to calculate the flow and depth throughout the stream system resulting from known initial and boundary conditions by means of an implicit finite-difference approximation at fixed points (computational nodes). The hydraulic characteristics of (1) branches including top width, area, first moment of area with respect to the water surface, conveyance, and flux coefficients and (2) special features (relations between flow and headwater and (or) tail-water elevations, including the operation of variable-geometry structures) are stored in function tables calculated in the companion program, Full EQuations UTiLities (FEQUTL). Function tables containing other information used in unsteady-flow simulation (boundary conditions, tributary inflows or outflows, gate settings, correction factors, characteristics of dummy branches and level-pool reservoirs, and wind speed and direction) are prepared by the user as detailed in this report. In the iterative solution scheme for flow and depth throughout the stream system, an interpolation of the function tables corresponding to the computational nodes throughout the stream system is done in the model. FEQ can be applied in the simulation of a wide range of stream configurations (including loops), lateral-inflow conditions, and special features. The accuracy and convergence of the numerical routines in the model are demonstrated for the case of laboratory measurements of unsteady flow in a sewer pipe. Verification of the routines in the model for field data on the Fox River in northeastern Illinois also is briefly discussed. \r\n\r\n The basic principles of unsteady-flow modeling and the relation between steady flow and unsteady flow are presented. Assumptions and the limitations of the model also are presented. The schematization of the stream system and the conversion of the physical characteristics of the stream reaches and a wide range of special features into function tables for model applications are described. The modified dynamic-wave equation used in FEQ for unsteady flow in curvilinear channels with drag on minor hydraulic structures and channel constrictions determined from an equivalent energy slope is developed. The matrix equation relating flows and depths at computational nodes throughout the stream system by the continuity (conservation of mass) and modified dynamic-wave equations is illustrated for four sequential examples. The solution of the matrix equation by Newton's method is discussed. Finally, the input for FEQ and the error messages and warnings issued are presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964240","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Du Page County Department of Environmental Concerns and Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Franz, D.D., and Melching, C.S., 1997, Full Equations (FEQ) model for the solution of the full, dynamic equations of motion for one-dimensional unsteady flow in open channels and through control structures: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4240, viii, 258 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964240.","productDescription":"viii, 258 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2130,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/proj/feq/feqdoc/contents_1.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4240/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56042,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4240/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4384","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franz, Delbert D.","contributorId":81948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franz","given":"Delbert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melching, Charles S.","contributorId":8135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melching","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26787,"text":"wri974016 - 1997 - The computer program FourPt (Version 95.01), a model for simulating one-dimensional, unsteady, open-channel flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:38","indexId":"wri974016","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4016","title":"The computer program FourPt (Version 95.01), a model for simulating one-dimensional, unsteady, open-channel flow","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974016","usgsCitation":"DeLong, L.L., Thompson, D., and Lee, J.K., 1997, The computer program FourPt (Version 95.01), a model for simulating one-dimensional, unsteady, open-channel flow: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4016, vi, 69 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974016.","productDescription":"vi, 69 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4016/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55678,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4016/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668a3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeLong, L. L.","contributorId":44530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, D.B.","contributorId":74418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, J. K.","contributorId":28233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24205,"text":"ofr96651A - 1997 - Documentation of a computer program to estimate the head in a well of finite radius using the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite difference ground-water flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:04","indexId":"ofr96651A","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-651","chapter":"A","title":"Documentation of a computer program to estimate the head in a well of finite radius using the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite difference ground-water flow model","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96651A","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Planert, M., 1997, Documentation of a computer program to estimate the head in a well of finite radius using the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite difference ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-651, 11 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96651A.","productDescription":"11 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0651a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53345,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0651a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ae4b07f02db63cf5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Planert, Michael","contributorId":56659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Planert","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2302,"text":"wsp2458 - 1997 - Simulation of the water-table altitude in the Biscayne Aquifer, southern Dade County, Florida, water years 1945-89","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":23878,"text":"ofr95337 - 1995 - Simulation of the water-table altitude in the Biscayne Aquifer, southern Dade County, Florida, water years 1945-89","indexId":"ofr95337","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Simulation of the water-table altitude in the Biscayne Aquifer, southern Dade County, Florida, water years 1945-89"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2302,"text":"wsp2458 - 1997 - Simulation of the water-table altitude in the Biscayne Aquifer, southern Dade County, Florida, water years 1945-89","indexId":"wsp2458","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Simulation of the water-table altitude in the Biscayne Aquifer, southern Dade County, Florida, water years 1945-89"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-03T14:31:54.442022","indexId":"wsp2458","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2458","title":"Simulation of the water-table altitude in the Biscayne Aquifer, southern Dade County, Florida, water years 1945-89","docAbstract":"The paper describes a regional model of flows in the Biscayne Aquifer of southern Dade County during five consecutive time periods during water years 1945 to 1989 that correspond to stages in the development of a system of levees and controlled canals for water management. Data describing surface-water and ground-water head relations and canal-aquifer head relations are presented and analyzed. The calibrated model is used to numerically assess the effects of the various components of the water-management system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2458","usgsCitation":"Merritt, M.L., 1997, Simulation of the water-table altitude in the Biscayne Aquifer, southern Dade County, Florida, water years 1945-89: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2458, Report: viii, 148 p.; 9 Plates: 28.00 x 19.82 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2458.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 148 p.; 9 Plates: 28.00 x 19.82 inches or 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,{"id":70019518,"text":"70019518 - 1997 - Modeling frequency-dependent GPR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-08T15:29:03.812451","indexId":"70019518","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2610,"text":"Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling frequency-dependent GPR","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1437549","issn":"1070485X","usgsCitation":"Powers, M., 1997, Modeling frequency-dependent GPR: Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK), v. 16, no. 11, p. 1657-1662, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1437549.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1657","endPage":"1662","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226388,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bfae4b0c8380cd6f947","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powers, M.H.","contributorId":40352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26041,"text":"wri974039 - 1997 - Review of selected features of the natural system model, and suggestions for applications in South Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri974039","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4039","title":"Review of selected features of the natural system model, and suggestions for applications in South Florida","docAbstract":"A study was conducted to review selected features of the Natural System Model, version 4.3 . The Natural System Model is a regional-scale model that uses recent climatic data and estimates of historic vegetation and topography to simulate pre-canal-drainage hydrologic response in south Florida. Equations used to represent the hydrologic system and the numerical solution of these equations in the model were documented and reviewed. Convergence testing was performed using 1965 input data, and selected other aspects of the model were evaluated.Some conclusions from the evaluation of the Natural System Model include the following observations . Simulations were generally insensitive to the temporal resolution used in the model. However, reduction of the computational cell size from 2-mile by 2-mile to 2/3-mile by 2/3-mile resulted in a decrease in spatial mean ponding depths for October of 0.35 foot for a 3-hour time step.Review of the computer code indicated that there is no limit on the amount of water that can be transferred from the river system to the overland flow system, on the amount of seepage from the river to the ground-water system, on evaporation from the river system, or on evapotranspiration from the overland-flow system . Oscillations of 0.2 foot or less in simulated river stage were identified and attributed to a volume limiting function which is applied in solution of the overland-flow equations. The computation of the resistance coefficient is not consistent with the computation of overland-flow velocity. Ground-water boundary conditions do not always ensure a no-flow condition at the boundary. These inconsistencies had varying degrees of effects on model simulations, and it is likely that simulations longer than 1 year are needed to fully identify effects. However, inconsistencies in model formulations should not be ignored, even if the effects of such errors on model results appear to be small or have not been clearly defined.The Natural System Model can be a very useful tool for estimating pre-drainage hydrologic response in south Florida. The model includes all of the important physical processes needed to simulate a water balance. With a few exceptions, these hydrologic processes are represented in a reasonable manner using empirical, semiempirical, and mechanistic relations . The data sets that have been assembled to represent physical features, and hydrologic and meteorological conditions are quite extensive in their scope.Some suggestions for model application were made. Simulation results from the Natural System Model need to be interpreted on a regional basis, rather than cell by cell. The available evidence suggests that simulated water levels should be interpreted with about a plus or minus 1 foot uncertainty. It is probably not appropriate to use the Natural System Model to estimate pre-drainage discharges (as opposed to hydroperiods and water levels) at a particular location or across a set of adjacent computational cells. All simulated results for computational cells within about 10 miles of the model boundaries have a higher degree of uncertainty than results for the interior of the model domain. It is most appropriate to interpret the Natural System Model simulation results in connection with other available information. Stronger linkages between hydrologic inputs to the Everglades and the ecological response of the system would enhance restoration efforts .","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974039","usgsCitation":"Bales, J., Fulford, J.M., and Swain, E.D., 1997, Review of selected features of the natural system model, and suggestions for applications in South Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4039, iv, 42 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974039.","productDescription":"iv, 42 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2029,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri97-4039","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db603fcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, Jerad","contributorId":47390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fulford, Janice M. jfulford@usgs.gov","contributorId":991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"Janice","email":"jfulford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":38246,"text":"pp1550D - 1997 - The Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of October 17, 1989: Aftershocks and postseismic effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T19:37:50.864887","indexId":"pp1550D","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1550","chapter":"D","title":"The Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of October 17, 1989: Aftershocks and postseismic effects","docAbstract":"While the damaging effects of the earthquake represent a significant social setback and economic loss, the geophysical effects have produced a wealth of data that have provided important insights into the structure and mechanics of the San Andreas Fault system. Generally, the period after a large earthquake is vitally important to monitor. During this part of the seismic cycle, the primary fault and the surrounding faults, rock bodies, and crustal fluids rapidly readjust in response to the earthquake's sudden movement. Geophysical measurements made at this time can provide unique information about fundamental properties of the fault zone, including its state of stress and the geometry and frictional/rheological properties of the faults within it. Because postseismic readjustments are rapid compared with corresponding changes occurring in the preseismic period, the amount and rate of information that is available during the postseismic period is relatively high. From a geophysical viewpoint, the occurrence of the Loma Prieta earthquake in a section of the San Andreas fault zone that is surrounded by multiple and extensive geophysical monitoring networks has produced nothing less than a scientific bonanza.\r\n\r\nThe reports assembled in this chapter collectively examine available geophysical observations made before and after the earthquake and model the earthquake's principal postseismic effects. The chapter covers four broad categories of postseismic effect: (1) aftershocks; (2) postseismic fault movements; (3) postseismic surface deformation; and (4) changes in electrical conductivity and crustal fluids.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1550D","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"Reasenberg, P.A., Dietz, L.D., Ellsworth, W.L., Simpson, R.W., Gephart, J.W., Schwartz, S.Y., Nelson, G.D., Guo, H., Lerner-Lam, A., Menke, W., Hough, S.E., Wennerberg, L., Breckenridge, K., Behr, J., Bilham, R.G., Bodin, P., Sylvester, A.G., Galehouse, J.S., Burgmann, R., Segall, P., Lisowski, M., Svarc, J.L., Langbein, J., Linker, M.F., Rice, J., Gladwin, M.T., Gwyther, R.L., Hart, R., Mackie, R., Madden, T.R., and Nichols, E.A., 1997, The Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of October 17, 1989: Aftershocks and postseismic effects: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1550, 312 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1550D.","productDescription":"312 p.","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430607,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76942.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3490,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1550/pp1550d/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123807,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1550_d.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": 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A.","contributorId":35760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reasenberg","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749346,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Reasenberg, Paul A.","contributorId":35760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reasenberg","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dietz, Lynn D.","contributorId":304039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietz","given":"Lynn","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science 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A.","contributorId":294365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lerner-Lam","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Menke, William","contributorId":35887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menke","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986 hough@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"hough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":905235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wennerberg, 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Paul","contributorId":206932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bodin","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12729,"text":"UW","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":905240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sylvester, Arthur G.","contributorId":23953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sylvester","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Galehouse, Jon S.","contributorId":57894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galehouse","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Burgmann, R.","contributorId":10167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Segall, Paul","contributorId":241093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":905244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Lisowski, Michael 0000-0003-4818-2504 mlisowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-2504","contributorId":637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"Michael","email":"mlisowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":905245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Svarc, Jerry L. 0000-0002-2802-4528 jsvarc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2802-4528","contributorId":2413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"Jerry","email":"jsvarc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":905246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Langbein, John 0000-0002-7821-8101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-8101","contributorId":202336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":905247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Linker, Mark F.","contributorId":36283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linker","given":"Mark","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Rice, J.R.","contributorId":14964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Gladwin, M. T.","contributorId":30373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gladwin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Gwyther, R. L.","contributorId":67683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gwyther","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Hart, R.H.G.","contributorId":42743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"R.H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Mackie, Randall","contributorId":295410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mackie","given":"Randall","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":63861,"text":"CGG Multiphysics","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":905253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Madden, Theodore R.","contributorId":339819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Madden","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Nichols, Edward A.","contributorId":339820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31}]}}
,{"id":29203,"text":"wri964273 - 1997 - Study of nonpoint source nutrient loading in the Patuxent River basin, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-21T18:40:34.691868","indexId":"wri964273","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4273","title":"Study of nonpoint source nutrient loading in the Patuxent River basin, Maryland","docAbstract":"Study of nonpoint-source (NPS) nutrient loading in Maryland has focused  on the Patuxent watershed because of its importance and  representativeness of conditions in the State.  Evaluation of NPS  nutrient loading has been comprehensive and has included long-term  monitoring, detailed watershed modeling, and synoptic sampling studies.   A large amount of information has been compiled for the watershed and  that information is being used to identify primary controls and efficient  management strategies for NPS nutrient loading.  Results of the Patuxent  NPS study have identified spatial trends in water quality that appear to  be related to basin charcteristics such as land use, physiography, andgeology.  Evaluation of the data compiled by the study components is  continuing and is expected to provide more detailed assessments of the  reasons for spatial trends.  In particular, ongoing evaluation of the  watershed model output is expected to provide detailed information on the  relative importance of nutrient sources and transport pathways across the  entire watershed.  Planned future directions of NPS evaluation in the  State of Maryland include continued study of water quality in the  Patuxent watershed and a shift in emphasis to a statewide approach.   Eventually, the statewide approach will become the primary approach usedby the State to evaluate NPS loading.  The information gained in the  Patuxent study and the tools developed will represent valuable assets indeveloping the statewide NPS assessment program.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964273","usgsCitation":"Preston, S.D., 1997, Study of nonpoint source nutrient loading in the Patuxent River basin, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4273, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964273.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407153,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48599.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58062,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4273/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4273/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.15,\n              38.2833\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.4,\n              38.2833\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.4,\n              39.3389\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.15,\n              39.3389\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.15,\n              38.2833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699cf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Preston, S. D.","contributorId":105770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28439,"text":"wri964190 - 1997 - Geochemical analyses of ground-water ages, recharge rates, and hydraulic conductivity of the N aquifer, Black Mesa area, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T20:05:26.1293","indexId":"wri964190","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4190","title":"Geochemical analyses of ground-water ages, recharge rates, and hydraulic conductivity of the N aquifer, Black Mesa area, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Navajo Nation and Hopi Tribe of the Black Mesa area, Arizona, depend on ground water from the N aquifer to meet most tribal and industrial needs. Increasing use of this aquifer is creating concerns about possible adverse effects of increased ground-water withdrawals on the water resources of the region. A thorough understanding of the N aquifer is necessary to assess the aquifer's response to ground-water withdrawals. This study used geochemical techniques as an independent means of improving the conceptual model of ground-water flow in the N aquifer and to estimate recharge rates and hydraulic conductivity.\r\nGround water flows in a south-southeastward direction from the recharge area around Shonto into the confined part of the N aquifer underneath Black Mesa. Ground-water flow paths diverge in the confined part of the aquifer to the northeast and south. The N aquifer thins to extinction south of Black Mesa. This discontinuity could force ground water to diverge along paths of least resistance. Ground water discharges from the confined part of the aquifer into Laguna Creek and Moenkopi Wash and from springs southwest of Kykotsmovi and southeast of Rough Rock after a residence time of about 35,000 years or more. Recent recharge along the periphery of Black Mesa mixes with older ground water that discharges from the confined part of the aquifer and flows away from Black Mesa.\r\nDissolved-ion concentrations, ratios of dissolved ions, dissolved-gas concentrations, tritium, carbon-13, and chlorine-36 data indicate that water in the overlying D aquifer could be leaking into the confined part of the N aquifer in the southeastern part of Black Mesa. The boundary between the leaky and nonleaky zones is defined roughly by a line from Rough Rock to Second Mesa and separates ground waters that have significantly different chemistries. The Dakota Sandstone and Entrada Formation of the D aquifer could be the sources of leakage. Adjusted radiocarbon ground-water ages and data on isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen indicate that more than 90 percent of the water in the confined part of the N aquifer is older than 10,000 years and was recharged during glacial periods. Estimates of recharge rates made on the basis of ground-water ages, aquifer thicknesses, and assumed porosities indicate that the annual average recharge rate in the northwestern part of the study area during the glacial periods was about four times the average annual rate of the past 10,000 years, and that recharge rates for the past 10,000 years are less than modern recharge rates assumed in a previous study. Estimates of horizontal hydraulic conductivity were 0.95 and 1.16 feet per day for the northeast and southwest flow paths, respectively. These values are within the range of hydraulic conductivities calculated from aquifer tests, which ranged from 0.05 to 2.1 feet per day and averaged 0.65 foot per day.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964190","usgsCitation":"Lopes, T.J., and Hoffmann, J.P., 1997, Geochemical analyses of ground-water ages, recharge rates, and hydraulic conductivity of the N aquifer, Black Mesa area, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4190, iv, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964190.","productDescription":"iv, 42 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415532,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48532.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57241,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4190/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124751,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4190/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.25,\n              36.5333\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.25,\n              35.45\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.75,\n              35.45\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.75,\n              36.5333\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.25,\n              36.5333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae459","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopes, Thomas J. tjlopes@usgs.gov","contributorId":2302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"Thomas","email":"tjlopes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffmann, John P. jphoffma@usgs.gov","contributorId":1337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"John","email":"jphoffma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70129380,"text":"70129380 - 1997 - Modeling waves and circulation in Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T14:10:29","indexId":"70129380","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-21T12:37:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1871,"text":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling waves and circulation in Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a study of storm-driven sediment resuspension and transport in Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana. Two critical processes related to sediment transport in the lake are (1) the resuspension of sediments due to wind-generated storm waves and (2) the movement of resuspended material by lake currents during storm wind events. The potential for sediment resuspension is being studied with the wave prediction model which simulates local generation of waves by wind and shallow-water effects on waves (refraction, shoaling, bottom friction, and breaking). Long-term wind measurements are then used to determine the regional \"climate\" of bottom orbital velocity (showing the spatial and temporal variability of wave-induced currents at the bottom). The circulation of the lake is being studied with a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. Results of the modeling effort indicate that remote forcing due to water levels in Mississippi Sound dominate the circulation near the passes in the eastern end of the lake, while local wind forcing dominates water movement in the western end. During typical storms with winds from the north-northeast or the south-southeast, currents along the south coast near New Orleans generally transport material westward, while material in the central region moves against the wind. When periods of sustained winds are followed by a drop in coastal sea level, a large amount of suspended sediment can be flushed from the lake.","language":"English","publisher":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies","usgsCitation":"Signell, R.P., and List, J., 1997, Modeling waves and circulation in Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 47, p. 529-532.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"529","endPage":"532","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295561,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags/data/047/047001/0529.htm"},{"id":295562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Lake Pontchartrain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.46829223632812,\n              30.021543509740027\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.74319458007812,\n              30.021543509740027\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.74319458007812,\n              30.421440372174192\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.46829223632812,\n              30.421440372174192\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.46829223632812,\n              30.021543509740027\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544775b5e4b0f888a81b832f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Signell, Richard P. rsignell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":503641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"List, Jeffrey H. jlist@usgs.gov","contributorId":2416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"Jeffrey H.","email":"jlist@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":503642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27743,"text":"wri964198 - 1997 - Vulnerability of ground water to atrazine leaching in Kent County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T10:31:28","indexId":"wri964198","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4198","title":"Vulnerability of ground water to atrazine leaching in Kent County, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>A steady-state model of pesticide leaching through the unsaturated zone was used with readily available hydrologic, lithologic, and pesticide characteristics to estimate the vulnerability of the near-surface aquifer to atrazine contamination from non-point sources in Kent County, Michigan. The modelcomputed fraction of atrazine remaining at the water table, <i>RM</i>, was used as the vulnerability criterion; time of travel to the water table also was computed. Model results indicate that the average fraction of atrazine remaining at the water table was 0.039 percent; the fraction ranged from 0 to 3.6 percent. Time of travel of atrazine from the soil surface to the water table averaged 17.7 years and ranged from 2.2 to 118 years.</p><p>Three maps were generated to present three views of the same atrazine vulnerability characteristics using different metrics (nonlinear transformations of the computed fractions remaining). The metrics were chosen because of the highly (right) skewed distribution of computed fractions. The first metric, <i>rm</i> = <i>RM</i><sup>λ</sup> (where λ was 0.0625), depicts a relatively uniform distribution of vulnerability across the county with localized areas of high and low vulnerability visible. The second metric, <i>rm</i><sup>λ-0.5</sup>, depicts about one-half the county at low vulnerability with discontinuous patterns of high vulnerability evident. In the third metric, <i>rm</i><sup>λ-1.0</sup> (<i>RM</i>), more than 95 percent of the county appears to have low vulnerability; small, distinct areas of high vulnerability are present.</p><p>Aquifer vulnerability estimates in the <i>RM</i> metric were used with a steady-state, uniform atrazine application rate to compute a potential concentration of atrazine in leachate reaching the water table. The average estimated potential atrazine concentration in leachate at the water table was 0.16 μg/L (micrograms per liter) in the model area; estimated potential concentrations ranged from 0 to 26 μg/L. About 2 percent of the model area had estimated potential atrazine concentrations in leachate at the water table that exceeded the USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) maximum contaminant level of 3 μg/L.</p><p>Uncertainty analyses were used to assess effects of parameter uncertainty and spatial interpolation error on the variability of the estimated fractions of atrazine remaining at the water table. Results of Monte Carlo simulations indicate that parameter uncertainty is associated with a standard error of 0.0875 in the computed fractions (in the <i>rm</i> metric). Results of kriging analysis indicate that errors in spatial interpolation are associated with a standard error of 0.146 (in the <i>rm</i> metric). Thus, uncertainty in fractions remaining is primarily associated with spatial interpolation error, which can be reduced by increasing the density of points where the leaching model is applied.</p><p>A sensitivity analysis indicated which of 13 hydrologic, lithologic, and pesticide characteristics were influential in determining fractions of atrazine remaining at the water table. Results indicate that fractions remaining are most sensitive to the unit changes in pesticide half life and in organic-carbon content in soils and unweathered rocks, and least sensitive to infiltration rates.</p><p>The leaching model applied in this report provides an estimate of the vulnerability of the near-surface aquifer in Kent County to contamination by atrazine. The vulnerability estimate is related to water-quality criteria developed by the USEPA to help assess potential risks from atrazine to the near-surface aquifer. However, atrazine accounts for only 28 percent of the herbicide use in the county; additional potential for contamination exists from other pesticides and pesticide metabolites. Therefore, additional work is needed to develop a comprehensive understanding of the relative risks associated with specific pesticides. The modeling approach described in this report provides a technique for estimating relative vulnerabilities to specific pesticides and for helping to assess potential risks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri964198","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D., and Luukkonen, C.L., 1997, Vulnerability of ground water to atrazine leaching in Kent County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4198, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964198.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56588,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4198/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4198/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Kent County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.5639,43.294],[-85.445,43.294],[-85.3229,43.293],[-85.3147,43.2929],[-85.3143,43.206],[-85.3127,43.1182],[-85.3136,43.0304],[-85.3132,42.9436],[-85.311,42.8567],[-85.3112,42.7694],[-85.5485,42.7677],[-85.7839,42.7674],[-85.7881,43.0289],[-85.79,43.2035],[-85.7917,43.2923],[-85.6746,43.2929],[-85.5639,43.294]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kent\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}\n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c401","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, D. J. 0000-0001-5185-4928","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":102493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luukkonen, C. L.","contributorId":28962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luukkonen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222629,"text":"5222629 - 1997 - Computer simulation of vasectomy for wolf control","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-06T22:27:01.008915","indexId":"5222629","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computer simulation of vasectomy for wolf control","docAbstract":"<p>Recovering gray wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) populations in the Lake Superior region of the United States are prompting state management agencies to consider strategies to control population growth. In addition to wolf removal, vasectomy has been proposed. To predict the population effects of different sterilization and removal strategies, we developed a simulation model of wolf dynamics using simple rules for demography and dispersal. Simulations suggested that the effects of vasectomy and removal in a disjunct population depend largely on the degree of annual immigration. With low immigration, periodic sterilization reduced pup production and resulted in lower rates of territory recolonization. Consequently, average pack size, number of packs, and population size were significantly less than those for an untreated population. Periodically removing a proportion of the population produced roughly the same trends as did sterilization; however, more than twice as many wolves had to be removed than sterilized. With high immigration, periodic sterilization reduced pup production but not territory recolonization and produced only moderate reductions in population size relative to an untreated population. Similar reductions in population size were obtained by periodically removing large numbers of wolves. Our analysis does not address the possible effects of vasectomy on larger wolf populations, but it suggests that the subject should be considered through modeling or field testing.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802099","usgsCitation":"Haight, R., and Mech, L., 1997, Computer simulation of vasectomy for wolf control: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 4, p. 1023-1031, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802099.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1023","endPage":"1031","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193364,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.49668460890183,\n              49.00122833831827\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.49668460890183,\n              46.46316874168821\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.38367982550294,\n              46.46316874168821\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.38367982550294,\n              49.00122833831827\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.49668460890183,\n              49.00122833831827\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7620","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haight, R.G.","contributorId":75493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haight","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David","contributorId":66609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015918,"text":"1015918 - 1997 - Landscape characteristics of disturbed shrubsteppe habitats in southwestern Idaho (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-29T23:17:44.010567","indexId":"1015918","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape characteristics of disturbed shrubsteppe habitats in southwestern Idaho (USA)","docAbstract":"<p><span>We compared 5 zones in shrubsteppe habitats of southwestern Idaho to determine the effect of differing disturbance combinations on landscapes that once shared historically similar disturbance regimes. The primary consequence of agriculture, wildfires, and extensive fires ignited by the military during training activities was loss of native shrubs from the landscape. Agriculture created large square blocks on the landscape, and the landscape contained fewer small patches and more large shrub patches than non-agricultural areas. In contrast, fires left a more fragmented landscape. Repeated fires did not change the distribution of patch sizes, but decreased the total area of remaining shrublands and increased the distance between remaining shrub patches that provide seed sources. Military training with tracked vehicles was associated with a landscape characterized by small, closely spaced, shrub patches.</span></p><p><span>Our results support the general model hypothesized for conversion of shrublands to annual grasslands by disturbance. Larger shrub patches in our region, historically resistant to fire spread and large-scale fires because of a perennial bunchgrass understory, were more fragmented than small patches. Presence of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), an exotic annual, was positively related to landscape patchiness and negatively related to number of shrub cells. Thus, cheatgrass dominance can contribute to further fragmentation and loss of the shrub patch by facilitating spread of subsequent fires, carried by continuous fuels, through the patch. The synergistic processes of fragmentation of shrub patches by disturbance, invasion and subsequent dominance by exotic annuals, and fire are converting shrubsteppe in southwestern Idaho to a new state dominated by exotic annual grasslands and high fire frequencies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1023/A:1007915408590","usgsCitation":"Knick, S.T., and Rotenberry, J., 1997, Landscape characteristics of disturbed shrubsteppe habitats in southwestern Idaho (USA): Landscape Ecology, v. 12, no. 5, p. 287-297, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007915408590.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135198,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"southwestern Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.57234095687924,\n              43.45873608322188\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.57234095687924,\n              43.07800119462681\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.03490002557173,\n              43.07800119462681\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.03490002557173,\n              43.45873608322188\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.57234095687924,\n              43.45873608322188\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abb13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rotenberry, J.T.","contributorId":57015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rotenberry","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26903,"text":"wri964203 - 1997 - Stream-temperature characteristics in Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T13:43:51","indexId":"wri964203","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4203","title":"Stream-temperature characteristics in Georgia","docAbstract":"Stream-temperature measurements for 198 periodic and 22 daily record stations were analyzed using a harmonic curve-fitting procedure. Statistics of data from 78 selected stations were used to compute a statewide stream-temperature harmonic equation, derived using latitude, drainage area, and altitude for natural streams having drainage areas greater than about 40 square miles. Based on the 1955-84 reference period, the equation may be used to compute long-term natural harmonic stream-temperature coefficients to within an on average of about 0.4? C. \r\n\r\nBasin-by-basin summaries of observed long-term stream-temperature characteristics are included for selected stations and river reaches, particularly along Georgia's mainstem streams. Changes in the stream- temperature regimen caused by the effects of development, principally impoundments and thermal power plants, are shown by comparing harmonic curves and coefficients from the estimated natural values to the observed modified-condition values.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964203","usgsCitation":"Dyar, T., and Alhadeff, S.J., 1997, Stream-temperature characteristics in Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4203, xiii, 150 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964203.","productDescription":"xiii, 150 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4203/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":13460,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wrir96-4203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55784,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4203/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87,30 ], [ -87,38 ], [ -80,38 ], [ -80,30 ], [ -87,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a5037","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyar, T.R.","contributorId":81528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyar","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alhadeff, S. Jack","contributorId":77561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alhadeff","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28199,"text":"wri954284 - 1997 - Precipitation-runoff and streamflow-routing models for the Willamette River basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:37:00","indexId":"wri954284","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4284","title":"Precipitation-runoff and streamflow-routing models for the Willamette River basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>Precipitation-runoff and streamflow-routing models were constructed and assessed as part of a water-quality study of the Willamette River Basin. The study was a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ) and was coordinated with the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) study of the Willamette River. Routing models are needed to estimate streamflow so that water-quality constituent loads can be calculated from measured concentrations and so that sources, sinks, and downstream changes in those loads can be identified. Runoff models are needed to estimate ungaged-tributary inflows for routing models and to identify flow contributions from different parts of the basin. The runoff and routing models can be run either separately or together to simulate streamflow at various locations and to examine streamflow contributions from overland flow, shallow-subsurface flow, and ground-water flow.</p>\n<p>The 11,500-square-mile Willamette River Basin was partitioned into 21 major basins and 253 subbasins. For each subbasin, digital data layers of land use, soils, geology, and topography were combined in a geographic information system (GIS) to define hydrologic response units (HRU's), the basic computational unit for the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). Spatial data layers were also used to calculate noncalibrated PRMS parameter values. Other PRMS parameter values were obtained from 10 nearby calibrated subbasins of representative location and character.</p>\n<p>About 760 miles of the Willamette River system were partitioned into 4 main-stem networks and 17 major tributary networks for streamflow routing. Data from time-of-travel studies, discharge measurements, and flood analyses were used to develop equations that related stream cross-sectional area to discharge and stream width to discharge. These relations were derived for all 21 stream networks at approximately 3-mile intervals and used in the Diffusion Analogy Flow model (DAFLOW) in streamflow routing.</p>\n<p>Ten representative runoff models and 11 network-routing models were calibrated for water years 1972-75 and verified for water years 1976-78. These were the periods with the most complete and widespread streamflow record for the Willamette River Basin. Observed and estimated daily precipitation and daily minimum and maximum air temperature were used as input to the runoff models. The resulting coefficient of determination (R2) for the representative runoff models ranged from 0.69 to 0.93 for the calibration period and from 0.63 to 0.92 for the verification period; absolute errors ranged from 18 to 39 percent and from 27 to 51 percent, respectively. Bias error for the runoff modeling ranged from + 13 to -32 percent. Observed daily streamflow data were used as input to the network-routing models where available, and simulated streamflows from runoff model results were used for ungaged areas. Absolute error for the network-routing models ranged from about 21 percent for the Molalla River model, for which 70 percent of the subbasin was ungaged, to about 4 percent for the Willamette main-stem model (Albany to Salem), for which only 9 percent of the subbasin was ungaged.</p>\n<p>With an input of current streamflow, precipitation, and air temperature data the combined runoff and routing models can provide current estimates of streamflow at almost 500 locations on the main stem and major tributaries of the Willamette River with a high degree of accuracy. Relative contributions of surface runoff, subsurface flow, and ground-water flow can be assessed for 1 to 10 HRU classes in each of 253 subbasins identified for precipitation-runoff modeling. Model outputs were used with a water-quality model to simulate the movement of dye in the Pudding River as an example</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri954284","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oregon Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Laenen, A., and Risley, J.C., 1997, Precipitation-runoff and streamflow-routing models for the Willamette River basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4284, vii, 197 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954284.","productDescription":"vii, 197 p.","numberOfPages":"207","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57037,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4284/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":159174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4284/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.57421875,\n              43.31718491566708\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.57421875,\n              46.5739667965278\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.904541015625,\n              46.5739667965278\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.904541015625,\n              43.31718491566708\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.57421875,\n              43.31718491566708\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69b810","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laenen, Antonius","contributorId":107673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laenen","given":"Antonius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019637,"text":"70019637 - 1997 - The paradox of nonmarine ichnofaunas in tidal rhythmites; integrating sedimentologic and ichnologic data from the Late Cretaceous of eastern Kansas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-11T16:47:33.191431","indexId":"70019637","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3000,"text":"Palaios","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The paradox of nonmarine ichnofaunas in tidal rhythmites; integrating sedimentologic and ichnologic data from the Late Cretaceous of eastern Kansas, USA","docAbstract":"The occurrence of trace fossil assemblages dominated by arthropod trackways and surface grazing trails within Carboniferous tidal rhythmites has puzzled sedimentologists and ichnologists, who interpreted them either as marine or nonmarine. The Virgilian (Stephanian) Tonganoxie Sandstone Member (Stranger Formation) at Buildex Quarry (eastern Kansas) consists, for the most part, of planar-laminated coarse-grained siltstones deposited on an upper tidal flat, close to or at the fluvial-estuarine transition of a macrotidal estuarine paleovalley. Recurrent thickness fluctuations demonstrate the strong influence of tidal processes and provide evidence that these deposits are tidal rhythmites, with thicker strata representing spring tides and thinner ones recording neap tides. The Buildex sequence hosts a moderately diverse ichnofauna composed of arthropod trackways (Dendroidichnites irregulare, Diplichnites gouldi, Diplopodichnus bifurcus, Kouphichnium isp., Mirandaichnium famatinense, Stiallia pilosa, Stiaria intermedia), grazing traces (Gordia indianaensis, Helminthoidichnites tenuis, Helminthopsis hieroglyphica), subsurface feeding traces (Treptichnus bifurcus, T. pollardi, irregular networks), apterygote insect resting and feeding traces (Tonganoxichnus buildexensis, T. ottawensis), fish traces (Undichna britannica, U. simplicitas), and tetrapod trackways. In contrast to trace fossil assemblages from brackish-water estuarine settings, the Buildex ichnofauna is characterized by moderate to relatively high ichnodiversity, ichnotaxa commonly present in terrestrial/freshwater environments, dominance of surface trails and absence of burrows, dominance of temporary structures produced by a mobile deposit-feeder fauna, a mixture of traces belonging to the Scoyenia and Mermia ichnofacies, moderate density of individual ichnotaxa, and absence of monospecific suites. This ichnofauna is thought to record the activity of a typical freshwater/terrestrial benthos. The presence of this mixed freshwater/terrestrial ichnofauna in tidal rhythmites is regarded as indicative of tidal flats that were developed in the most proximal zone of the inner estuary under freshwater conditions, more precisely in a zone between the maximum limit of landward tidal currents and the salinity limit further towards the sea. Although lithofacies distribution in estuarine valleys is mainly salinity-independent, the distribution of benthos is not. Accordingly, ichnologic studies have the potential to provide a high-resolution delineation of fluvio-estuarine transitions.","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2307/3515384","usgsCitation":"Buatois, L.A., Mangano, M., and Maples, C.G., 1997, The paradox of nonmarine ichnofaunas in tidal rhythmites; integrating sedimentologic and ichnologic data from the Late Cretaceous of eastern Kansas, USA: Palaios, v. 12, no. 5, p. 467-481, https://doi.org/10.2307/3515384.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"467","endPage":"481","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228285,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"eastern Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.6413862458381,\n              40.016343063499875\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.6413862458381,\n              36.95795102522135\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.62208436793321,\n              36.95795102522135\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.62208436793321,\n              40.016343063499875\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.6413862458381,\n              40.016343063499875\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae7ce4b08c986b324125","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buatois, Luis A. 0000-0001-9523-750X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9523-750X","contributorId":195823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buatois","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35641,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":383393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mangano, M. Gabirela","contributorId":208037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mangano","given":"M. Gabirela","affiliations":[{"id":13248,"text":"University of Saskatchewan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":383391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maples, Christopher G.","contributorId":87396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maples","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":35641,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":383390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70246543,"text":"70246543 - 1997 - Review of electric and magnetic fields accompanying seismic and volcanic activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-07T15:45:45.386524","indexId":"70246543","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T10:42:58","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3503,"text":"Surveys in Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Review of electric and magnetic fields accompanying seismic and volcanic activity","docAbstract":"<p><span>New observations of magnetic, electric and electromagnetic field variations, possibly related to recent volcanic and seismic events, have been obtained on Mt. Unzen in Japan, Reunion Island in Indian Ocean, the Long Valley volcanic caldera in California, and for faults in China and Russia, California and several other locations. For volcanic events, contributions from different physical processes can be identified during the various eruption stages. Slow processes (weeks to months) include near-surface thermal demagnetization effects, piezomagnetic effects, and effects from rotation/displacement of magnetized material. Rapid processes (seconds to days) include piezomagnetic effects from instantaneous stress redistribution with explosive eruptions and electrokinetic effects from rupture of high pressure fluid compartments commonly encountered in volcanic regions. For seismic events, the observed coseismic offsets are instantaneous, provided care has been taken to ensure sensors are insensitive to seismic shaking and are in regions of low magnetic field gradient. Simple piezomagnetic dislocation models based on geodetically and seismically determined fault parameters generally match the observed signals in size and sign. Electrokinetic effects resulting from rupture of fluid filled compartments at hydrostatic to lithostatic pore pressures can generate transient signals in the frequency band 100 Hz to 0.01 Hz. However, large-scale fluid driven processes are not evident in near-field measurements in the epicentral region minutes to weeks before large earthquakes. The subset of ionospheric disturbances generated by trapped atmospheric pressure waves (also termed gravity waves and/or acoustic waves, traveling ionospheric disturbances or TID's) that are excited by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are common and propagate to great distances. These are known and expected consequences of earthquakes, volcanic explosions (and other atmospheric disturbances), that must be identified and their effects removed from VLF/ULF electromagnetic field records before associating new observations of ionospheric disturbances with earthquake activity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/a:1006500408086","usgsCitation":"Johnston, M., 1997, Review of electric and magnetic fields accompanying seismic and volcanic activity: Surveys in Geophysics, v. 18, p. 441-476, https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1006500408086.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"441","endPage":"476","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":418765,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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