{"pageNumber":"1270","pageRowStart":"31725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165309,"records":[{"id":70112315,"text":"ds861 - 2014 - Baseline well inventory and groundwater-quality data from a potential shale gas resource area in parts of Lee and Chatham Counties, North Carolina, October 2011-August 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T12:24:12","indexId":"ds861","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-12T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"861","title":"Baseline well inventory and groundwater-quality data from a potential shale gas resource area in parts of Lee and Chatham Counties, North Carolina, October 2011-August 2012","docAbstract":"

Records were obtained for 305 wells and 1 spring in northwestern Lee and southeastern Chatham counties, North Carolina. Well depths ranged from 26 to 720 feet and yields ranged from 0.25 to 100 gallons per minute. A subset of 56 wells and 1 spring were sampled for baseline groundwaterquality constituents including the following: major ions; dissolved metals; nutrients; dissolved gases (including methane); volatile and semivolatile organic compounds; glycols; isotopes of strontium, radium, methane (if sufficient concentration), and water; and dissolved organic and inorganic carbon. Dissolved methane gas concentrations were low, ranging from less than 0.00007 (lowest reporting level) to 0.48 milligrams per liter. Concentrations of nitrate, boron, iron, manganese, sulfate, chloride, total dissolved solids, and measurements of pH exceeded federal and state drinking water standards in a few samples. Iron and manganese concentrations exceeded the secondary (aesthetic) drinking water standard in approximately 35 to 37 percent of the samples.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds861","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Chapman, M.J., Gurley, L., and Fitzgerald, S., 2014, Baseline well inventory and groundwater-quality data from a potential shale gas resource area in parts of Lee and Chatham Counties, North Carolina, October 2011-August 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 861, Report; vi, 22 p.; 4 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds861.","productDescription":"Report; vi, 22 p.; 4 Appendices","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-10-01","ipdsId":"IP-049025","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295996,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds861.jpg"},{"id":295990,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0861/pdf/ds861.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.05 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":295991,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0861/"},{"id":295992,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0861/downloads/Appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"28.5 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":295993,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0861/downloads/Appendix2.xls","text":"Appendix 2","size":"134 kB"},{"id":295994,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0861/downloads/Appendix3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3","size":"237 kb","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":295995,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0861/downloads/Appendix4.xlsx","text":"Appendix 4","size":"44.6 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Chatham County, Lee 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5464769fe4b0ba83040c9349","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, Melinda J. 0000-0003-4021-0320 mjchap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4021-0320","contributorId":1597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Melinda","email":"mjchap@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gurley, Laura N. 0000-0002-2881-1038","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2881-1038","contributorId":93834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurley","given":"Laura N.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzgerald, Sharon A. safitzge@usgs.gov","contributorId":4532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"Sharon A.","email":"safitzge@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70129677,"text":"70129677 - 2014 - A modified procedure for mixture-model clustering of regional geochemical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:08:54.470958","indexId":"70129677","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-12T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A modified procedure for mixture-model clustering of regional geochemical data","docAbstract":"

A modified procedure is proposed for mixture-model clustering of regional-scale geochemical data. The key modification is the robust principal component transformation of the isometric log-ratio transforms of the element concentrations. This principal component transformation and the associated dimension reduction are applied before the data are clustered. The principal advantage of this modification is that it significantly improves the stability of the clustering. The principal disadvantage is that it requires subjective selection of the number of clusters and the number of principal components. To evaluate the efficacy of this modified procedure, it is applied to soil geochemical data that comprise 959 samples from the state of Colorado (USA) for which the concentrations of 44 elements are measured. The distributions of element concentrations that are derived from the mixture model and from the field samples are similar, indicating that the mixture model is a suitable representation of the transformed geochemical data. Each cluster and the associated distributions of the element concentrations are related to specific geologic and anthropogenic features. In this way, mixture model clustering facilitates interpretation of the regional geochemical data.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.10.011","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K.J., Smith, D., and Horton, J.D., 2014, A modified procedure for mixture-model clustering of regional geochemical data: Applied Geochemistry, v. 51, p. 315-326, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.10.011.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"326","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055485","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.095947265625,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -109.0283203125,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -109.039306640625,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 37.01132594307015\n ],\n [\n -102.0849609375,\n 40.95501133048621\n ],\n [\n -102.095947265625,\n 40.9964840143779\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5464769de4b0ba83040c9337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":519902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":523266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horton, John D. 0000-0003-2969-9073 jhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-9073","contributorId":1227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"John","email":"jhorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":523267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70129713,"text":"70129713 - 2014 - Vulnerability of breeding waterbirds to climate change in the Prairie Pothole Region, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-13T10:27:18","indexId":"70129713","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-12T04:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vulnerability of breeding waterbirds to climate change in the Prairie Pothole Region, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"

The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the north-central U.S. and south-central Canada contains millions of small prairie wetlands that provide critical habitat to many migrating and breeding waterbirds. Due to their small size and the relatively dry climate of the region, these wetlands are considered at high risk for negative climate change effects as temperatures increase. To estimate the potential impacts of climate change on breeding waterbirds, we predicted current and future distributions of species common in the PPR using species distribution models (SDMs). We created regional-scale SDMs for the U.S. PPR using Breeding Bird Survey occurrence records for 1971–2011 and wetland, upland, and climate variables. For each species, we predicted current distribution based on climate records for 1981–2000 and projected future distributions to climate scenarios for 2040–2049. Species were projected to, on average, lose almost half their current habitat (-46%). However, individual species projections varied widely, from +8% (Upland Sandpiper) to -100% (Wilson's Snipe). Variable importance ranks indicated that land cover (wetland and upland) variables were generally more important than climate variables in predicting species distributions. However, climate variables were relatively more important during a drought period. Projected distributions of species responses to climate change contracted within current areas of distribution rather than shifting. Given the large variation in species-level impacts, we suggest that climate change mitigation efforts focus on species projected to be the most vulnerable by enacting targeted wetland management, easement acquisition, and restoration efforts.

","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0096747","usgsCitation":"Steen, V., Skagen, S.K., and Noon, B.R., 2014, Vulnerability of breeding waterbirds to climate change in the Prairie Pothole Region, U.S.A.: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 6, e96747; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096747.","productDescription":"e96747; 14 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053462","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472641,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096747","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295754,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0096747"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","volume":"9","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546476a1e4b0ba83040c936d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steen, Valerie vsteen@usgs.gov","contributorId":5598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steen","given":"Valerie","email":"vsteen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skagen, Susan K. 0000-0002-6744-1244 skagens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":2009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"Susan","email":"skagens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noon, Barry R.","contributorId":119751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noon","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70126810,"text":"sir20145190 - 2014 - Simulation of the Lower Walker River Basin hydrologic system, west-central Nevada, using PRMS and MODFLOW models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-14T09:53:17","indexId":"sir20145190","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-12T03:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5190","title":"Simulation of the Lower Walker River Basin hydrologic system, west-central Nevada, using PRMS and MODFLOW models","docAbstract":"

Walker Lake is a terminal lake in west-central Nevada with almost all outflow occurring through evaporation. Diversions from Walker River since the early 1900s have contributed to a substantial reduction in flow entering Walker Lake. As a result, the lake is receding, and salt concentrations have increased to a level in which Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi (Lahontan Cutthroat trout) are no longer present, and the lake ecosystem is threatened. Consequently, there is a concerted effort to restore the Walker Lake ecosystem and fishery to a level that is more sustainable. However, Walker Lake is interlinked with the lower Walker River and adjacent groundwater system which makes it difficult to understand the full effect of upstream water-management actions on the overall hydrologic system including the lake level, volume, and dissolved-solids concentrations of Walker Lake. To understand the effects of water-management actions on the lower Walker River Basin hydrologic system, a watershed model and groundwater flow model have been developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation.

\n

 

\n

The watershed model was developed using the precipitation runoff modeling system (PRMS) and the groundwater flow model was constructed using the MODular groundwater FLOW model (MODFLOW) and both were calibrated for the lower Walker River Basin. These models can be incorporated in an integrated Groundwater and Surface-water FLOW (GSFLOW) model of the lower Walker River Basin. Additionally, the MODFLOW model developed for this study is useful for efficiently simulating long-term and large-scale effects of water-management actions on groundwater hydrology, streamflow, and Walker Lake level, volume, and dissolved-solids concentrations.

\n

 

\n

The lower Walker River Basin PRMS model (LWR_PRMS) was constructed using a subbasin approach to aid in development and calibration, and simulates a 30-year period from 1978 to 2007 using daily time steps. The LWR_PRMS was used to estimate the distribution of groundwater recharge specified in the MODFLOW model. The highest rates of groundwater recharge occur in the Wassuk Range beneath perennial and ephemeral stream channels, whereas lower rates of recharge occur beneath alluvial fans along mountain fronts. The total groundwater recharge estimated using PRMS was about 25,000 acre-feet per year.

\n

 

\n

The lower Walker River Basin MODFLOW (LWR_MF) model simulates an 89-year period using monthly time steps. The LWR_MF was constructed with an initial steady-state simulation to represent dynamic equilibrium conditions from 1908 to 1918 and then a transient simulation representing the period 1919–2007. The model was calibrated using a combination of manual and automated methods of adjusting model parameters to minimize errors between model simulated results and weighted observations of groundwater levels, streamflows, and lake level. Hydrologic conditions simulated with the LWR_MF include the movement and change in storage of groundwater, and the water budgets for Walker River, Walker Lake, and the groundwater system. The LWR_MF computed dissolved-solids concentrations for Walker Lake using simulated lake volume and an assumed constant internal salt mass of 37.2 million tons.

\n

 

\n

Effects of potential changes in water management on future conditions (scenarios) of the lower Walker River Basin hydrologic system and Walker Lake from 2011 to 2070 were evaluated. Several water-management scenarios were considered, including a baseline scenario that represents no changes in system management, improved irrigation efficiencies for the Walker River Indian Irrigation Project (WRIIP), a range of increased streamflows entering the lower Walker River Basin, and, the fallowing of fields on the WRIIP.

\n

 

\n

For the baseline scenario, it was assumed that streamflow conditions from 1981 to 2010 will be repeated in the future. Results indicate that Walker Lake level and volume continue to decline but at a slower rate as the surface area of the lake becomes smaller and lake evaporation decreases. Dissolved-solids concentrations in Walker Lake continue to increase and increase much more rapidly during periods when minimal flows reach the lake due to a diminished lake volume. Alternatively, in years with high runoff, lake level increases are greater and dissolved-solids decreases are greater, compared with equivalent runoffs experienced during 1981–2010.

\n

 

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The simulated effects of improving WRIIP efficiencies on Walker River streamflows, Walker Lake inflow, level, and dissolved-solids concentrations, and crop consumptive use, are compared with the baseline reference scenario for a range of irrigation efficiency improvements from 0 to 25 percent over 60 years. Results indicate that water is conserved through a reduction in irrigation-induced groundwater recharge and subsequent groundwater discharge through evapotranspiration. The conserved water mostly goes to increased streamflow to Walker Lake, followed by increased crop consumptive use, then increased evaporation from Weber Reservoir.

\n

 

\n

The simulated effects of increased streamflows at Walker River at Wabuska streamgage (10301500) on Walker Lake inflow, level, and dissolved-solids concentrations, and crop consumptive use, are compared with the baseline scenario after 60 years under two different management methods for Weber Reservoir. Results indicate Walker Lake level and dissolved-solids concentrations stabilized with increased irrigation-season streamflow of about 40,000 acre-feet per year at the Walker River at Wabuska streamgage. Walker Lake level increased, and dissolved-solids concentration decreased, with increased flows of 50,000 acre-feet per year or more. After 60 years with additional irrigation-season streamflows of 50,000 acre-feet per year, Walker Lake level increased by about 48 feet, and lake dissolved-solids concentrations decreased by about 3,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L). With 75,000 acre-feet per year of additional streamflow, Walker Lake level increased by 70 feet, and dissolved-solids concentration decreased by 7,600 milligrams per liter.

\n

 

\n

The effects of fallowing of Walker River Indian Irrigation Project fields from 2007 to 2010 on Walker Lake inflow, level, and dissolved solids were evaluated. Fallowing resulted in a near doubling of Walker River inflow to Walker Lake during this period, an increase in Walker Lake level of about 1.4 feet, and a decrease in dissolved-solids concentration of about 540 mg/L.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145190","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Reclamation and National Fish and Wildlife Foundation","usgsCitation":"Allander, K., Niswonger, R., and Jeton, A.E., 2014, Simulation of the Lower Walker River Basin hydrologic system, west-central Nevada, using PRMS and MODFLOW models: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5190, Report: x, 93 p.; 3 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145190.","productDescription":"Report: x, 93 p.; 3 Appendices","numberOfPages":"108","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033184","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145190.jpg"},{"id":296011,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5190/"},{"id":296012,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5190/pdf/sir2014-5190.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296013,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5190/downloads/sir2014-5190_appendix1.xls","text":"Water-Level Hydrographs","size":"3.4 MB"},{"id":296014,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5190/downloads/sir2014-5190_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Observation-Site Information","size":"23 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":296015,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5190/downloads/sir2014-5190_appendix3.zip","text":"PRMS and MODFLOW Files and Supporting Utilities","size":"231.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lower Walker River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546476a1e4b0ba83040c9361","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allander, Kip K.","contributorId":118578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allander","given":"Kip K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G. 0000-0001-6397-2403 rniswon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6397-2403","contributorId":2833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","email":"rniswon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jeton, Anne E.","contributorId":45351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeton","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70129723,"text":"70129723 - 2014 - Deformation from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake near the southwest margin of the Santa Clara Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T12:50:06.352931","indexId":"70129723","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-12T03:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake near the southwest margin of the Santa Clara Valley, California","docAbstract":"

Damage to pavement and near-surface utility pipes, caused by the 17 October 1989, Loma Prieta earthquake, provides evidence for ground deformation in a 663 km2 area near the southwest margin of the Santa Clara Valley, California (USA). A total of 1427 damage sites, collected from more than 30 sources, are concentrated in four zones, three of which lie near previously mapped faults. In one of these zones, the channel lining of Los Gatos Creek, a 2-km-long concrete strip trending perpendicular to regional geologic structure, was broken by thrusts that were concentrated in two belts, each several tens of meters wide, separated by more than 300 m of relatively undeformed concrete.

\n

To gain additional measurement of any permanent ground deformation that accompanied this damage, we compiled and conducted post-earthquake surveys along two 5-km lines of horizontal control and a 15-km level line. Measurements of horizontal distortion indicate approximately 0.1 m shortening in a NE-SW direction across the valley margin, similar to the amount measured in the channel lining. Evaluation of precise leveling by the National Geodetic Survey showed a downwarp, with an amplitude of >0.1 m over a span of >12 km, that resembled regional geodetic models of coseismic deformation. Although the leveling indicates broad, regional warping, abrupt discontinuities characteristic of faulting characterize both the broad-scale distribution of damage and the local deformation of the channel lining. Reverse movement largely along preexisting faults and probably enhanced significantly by warping combined with enhanced ground shaking, produced the documented coseismic ground deformation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01095.1","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, K.M., Ellen, S.D., and Peterson, D.M., 2014, Deformation from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake near the southwest margin of the Santa Clara Valley, California: Geosphere, v. 10, no. 6, p. 1177-1202, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01095.1.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1177","endPage":"1202","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057868","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01095.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":380932,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Clara Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.26684570312499,\n 35.639441068973944\n ],\n [\n -119.81689453125,\n 35.639441068973944\n ],\n [\n -119.81689453125,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -122.26684570312499,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -122.26684570312499,\n 35.639441068973944\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546476a0e4b0ba83040c9355","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Kevin M. 0000-0003-2365-8035 kschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-8035","contributorId":1985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Kevin","email":"kschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellen, Stephen D.","contributorId":107300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellen","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, David M.","contributorId":11644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70133045,"text":"70133045 - 2014 - The relative impacts of climate and land-use change on conterminous United States bird species from 2001 to 2075","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-23T15:21:04","indexId":"70133045","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-12T03:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relative impacts of climate and land-use change on conterminous United States bird species from 2001 to 2075","docAbstract":"

Species distribution models often use climate data to assess contemporary and/or future ranges for animal or plant species. Land use and land cover (LULC) data are important predictor variables for determining species range, yet are rarely used when modeling future distributions. In this study, maximum entropy modeling was used to construct species distribution maps for 50 North American bird species to determine relative contributions of climate and LULC for contemporary (2001) and future (2075) time periods. Species presence data were used as a dependent variable, while climate, LULC, and topographic data were used as predictor variables. Results varied by species, but in general, measures of model fit for 2001 indicated significantly poorer fit when either climate or LULC data were excluded from model simulations. Climate covariates provided a higher contribution to 2001 model results than did LULC variables, although both categories of variables strongly contributed. The area deemed to be \"suitable\" for 2001 species presence was strongly affected by the choice of model covariates, with significantly larger ranges predicted when LULC was excluded as a covariate. Changes in species ranges for 2075 indicate much larger overall range changes due to projected climate change than due to projected LULC change. However, the choice of study area impacted results for both current and projected model applications, with truncation of actual species ranges resulting in lower model fit scores and increased difficulty in interpreting covariate impacts on species range. Results indicate species-specific response to climate and LULC variables; however, both climate and LULC variables clearly are important for modeling both contemporary and potential future species ranges.

","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0112251","usgsCitation":"Sohl, T.L., 2014, The relative impacts of climate and land-use change on conterminous United States bird species from 2001 to 2075: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 11, e112251; 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112251.","productDescription":"e112251; 18 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-055935","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472643,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112251","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PTJ0PO","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"The Relative Impacts of Climate and Land-use Change on Conterminous United States Bird Species from 2001 to 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along a regulated dryland river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-31T20:52:47.8568","indexId":"70132474","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-12T03:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abandoned floodplain plant communities along a regulated dryland river","docAbstract":"

Rivers and their floodplains worldwide have changed dramatically over the last century because of regulation by dams, flow diversions and channel stabilization. Floodplains no longer inundated by river flows following dam-induced flood reduction comprise large areas of bottomland habitat, but the effects of abandonment on plant communities are not well understood. Using a hydraulic flow model, geomorphic mapping and field surveys, we addressed the following questions along the Bill Williams River, Arizona: (i) What per cent of the bottomland do abandoned floodplains comprise? and (ii) Are abandoned floodplains quantitatively different from adjacent xeric and riparian surfaces in terms of vegetation composition and surface sediment? We found that nearly 70% of active channel and floodplain area was abandoned following dam installation. Abandoned floodplains along the Bill Williams River tend to be similar to each other yet distinct from neighbouring habitats: they have been altered physically from their historic state, leading to distinct combinations of surface sediments, hydrology and plant communities. Abandoned floodplains may transition to xeric communities over time but are likely to retain some riparian qualities as long as there is access to relatively shallow ground water. With expected increases in water demand and drying climatic conditions in many regions, these surfaces and associated vegetation will continue to be extensive in riparian landscapes worldwide

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, L.V., Shafroth, P.B., and House, P., 2014, Abandoned floodplain plant communities along a regulated dryland river: River Research and Applications, v. 30, no. 9, p. 1084-1098.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1084","endPage":"1098","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051066","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295828,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rra.2708/abstract"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Bill Williams River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.8344955444336,\n 34.19362958613085\n ],\n [\n -113.65699768066406,\n 34.19362958613085\n ],\n [\n -113.65699768066406,\n 34.256081384716566\n ],\n [\n -113.8344955444336,\n 34.256081384716566\n ],\n [\n -113.8344955444336,\n 34.19362958613085\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5464769ee4b0ba83040c9343","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, L. V.","contributorId":127341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":6782,"text":"Biology Department, Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":523255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":523254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"House, P. K.","contributorId":127342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"House","given":"P. K.","affiliations":[{"id":6783,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Program, U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":523256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70132427,"text":"70132427 - 2014 - A high-elevation, multi-proxy biotic and environmental record of MIS 6-4 from the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-12T15:06:07","indexId":"70132427","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-12T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A high-elevation, multi-proxy biotic and environmental record of MIS 6-4 from the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"

In North America, terrestrial records of biodiversity and climate change that span Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 are rare. Where found, they provide insight into how the coupling of the ocean–atmosphere system is manifested in biotic and environmental records and how the biosphere responds to climate change. In 2010–2011, construction at Ziegler Reservoir near Snowmass Village, Colorado (USA) revealed a nearly continuous, lacustrine/wetland sedimentary sequence that preserved evidence of past plant communities between ~ 140 and 55 ka, including all of MIS 5. At an elevation of 2705 m, the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site also contained thousands of well-preserved bones of late Pleistocene megafauna, including mastodons, mammoths, ground sloths, horses, camels, deer, bison, black bear, coyotes, and bighorn sheep. In addition, the site contained more than 26,000 bones from at least 30 species of small animals including salamanders, otters, muskrats, minks, rabbits, beavers, frogs, lizards, snakes, fish, and birds. The combination of macro- and micro-vertebrates, invertebrates, terrestrial and aquatic plant macrofossils, a detailed pollen record, and a robust, directly dated stratigraphic framework shows that high-elevation ecosystems in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado are climatically sensitive and varied dramatically throughout MIS 5.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2014.07.004","usgsCitation":"Miller, I.M., Pigati, J., Anderson, R., Johnson, K.R., Mahan, S., Ager, T.A., Baker, R.G., Blaauw, M., Bright, J., Brown, P.M., Bryant, B., Calamari, Z.T., Carrara, P.E., Michael D., C., Demboski, J.R., Elias, S.A., Fisher, D., Gray, H.J., Haskett, D.R., Honke, J., Jackson, S., Jiménez-Moreno, G., Kline, D., Leonard, E.M., Lifton, N.A., Lucking, C., McDonald, H.G., Miller, D.M., Muhs, D.R., Nash, S.E., Newton, C., Paces, J.B., Petrie, L., Plummer, M.A., Porinchu, D.F., Rountrey, A., Scott, E., Sertich, J.J., Sharpe, S.E., Skipp, G.L., Strickland, L.E., Stucky, R.K., Thompson, R.S., and Wilson, J., 2014, A high-elevation, multi-proxy biotic and environmental record of MIS 6-4 from the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado, USA: Quaternary Research, v. 82, no. 3, p. 618-634, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2014.07.004.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"618","endPage":"634","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057790","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502644,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8108w56j","text":"External Repository"},{"id":296004,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Snowmass Village","volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5464769ce4b0ba83040c9331","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Ian M. 0000-0002-3289-6337","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-6337","contributorId":41951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pigati, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":17552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pigati","given":"Jeffrey S.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, R. 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Roads are one of the most important factors affecting the ability of wildlife to live and move within an urban area. Roads physically replace wildlife habitat and often reduce habitat quality nearby, fragment the remaining habitat, and cause increased mortality through vehicle collisions. Much ecological research on roads has focused on whether animals are successfully crossing roads, or if the road is a barrier to wildlife movement, gene flow, or functional connectivity. Roads can alter survival and reproduction for wildlife, even among species such as birds that cross roads easily. Here we examine the suite of potential impacts of roads on wildlife, but we focus particularly on urban settings. We report on studies, both in the literature and from our own experience, that have addressed wildlife and roads in urban landscapes. Although road ecology is a growing field of study, relatively little of this research, and relatively few mitigation projects, have been done in urban landscapes. We also draw from the available science on road impacts in rural areas when urban case studies have not fully addressed key topics.

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Morbidity and mortality events caused by avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1) in Double-crested Cormorant (DCCO; Phalacrocorax auritus) nesting colonies in the US and Canada have been sporadically documented in the literature. We describe APMV-1 associated outbreaks in DCCO in the US from the first reported occurrence in 1992 through 2012. The frequency of APMV-1 outbreaks has increased in the US over the last decade, but the majority of events have continued to occur in DCCO colonies in the Midwestern states. Although morbidity and mortality in conesting species has been frequently reported during DCCO APMV-1 outbreaks, our results suggest that isolation of APMV-1 is uncommon in species other than DCCO during APMV-1 outbreaks and that the cause of mortality in other species is associated with other pathogens. Populations of DCCO do not appear to have been significantly affected by this disease; however, because at least 65% of the APMV-1 outbreaks in DCCO in the US have involved APMV-1 strains classified as virulent to poultry (virulent Newcastle disease virus), its persistence and increased occurrence in DCCO warrants continued research and surveillance.

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C. LeAnn 0000-0002-5004-5165 clwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5004-5165","contributorId":4315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"C.","email":"clwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"LeAnn","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ip, S. 0000-0003-4844-7533 hip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"S.","email":"hip@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meteyer, Carol U. 0000-0002-4007-3410 cmeteyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3410","contributorId":111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meteyer","given":"Carol","email":"cmeteyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walsh, Daniel P. 0000-0002-7772-2445 dwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7772-2445","contributorId":4758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Daniel","email":"dwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hall, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5599-2826 jshall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5599-2826","contributorId":2254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jshall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carstensen, Michelle","contributorId":127724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carstensen","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7123,"text":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Health Program, 5463-C West Broadway, Forest Lake, Minnesota, 55025, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wolf, Paul C.","contributorId":127725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolf","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7124,"text":"United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, 644 Bayfield Street, Suite 215, St Paul, Minnesota, 55107, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70173416,"text":"70173416 - 2014 - Physical habitat and water quality correlates of crayfish distributions in a mined watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T16:00:05","indexId":"70173416","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical habitat and water quality correlates of crayfish distributions in a mined watershed","docAbstract":"

In mined watersheds, water quality alters aquatic faunas, but few studies have focused on associations between stream habitat and crayfish distributions. We examined associations of water quality and physical habitat quality on presence/absence of six crayfish species in the upper Kanawha River drainage of southern West Virginia, USA, a region with a long history of surface and mountaintop removal mining of coal. Data supported an association of physical habitat quality with the presence of four species (Cambarus carinirostris, Cambarus robustus, Cambarus cf. sciotensis, and Orconectes sanbornii). Cambarus bartonii cavatus and the non-native Orconectes virilis were associated with lower quality physical habitat than that of the other four species. Relative to other species, C. b. cavatus was associated with the lowest conductivity values, whereas O. virilis was associated with the highest conductivity values. Secondary and tertiary burrowers were generally associated with relatively high-quality physical habitat. However, C. b. cavatus, a crayfish known to burrow extensively in headwater streams, was associated with the lowest quality physical habitat. Physical habitat quality was generally supported over stream conductivity as a variable influencing crayfish distributions. Our data demonstrate the importance of stream habitat quality when assessing crayfish assemblages within mined watersheds.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","doi":"10.1007/s10750-014-2095-y","usgsCitation":"Welsh, S., and Loughman, Z.J., 2014, Physical habitat and water quality correlates of crayfish distributions in a mined watershed: Hydrobiologia, v. 745, no. 1, p. 85-96, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-2095-y.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"96","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059642","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323800,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Kanawha River drainage","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.49658203125,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -81.749267578125,\n 38.47079371120379\n ],\n [\n -81.968994140625,\n 38.33303882235456\n ],\n [\n -82.0458984375,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -81.837158203125,\n 37.84015683604134\n ],\n [\n -81.573486328125,\n 37.779398571318765\n ],\n [\n -81.265869140625,\n 37.71859032558816\n ],\n [\n -81.01318359375,\n 37.79676317682161\n ],\n [\n -80.804443359375,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -81.090087890625,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -81.32080078125,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -81.49658203125,\n 38.436379603\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"745","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5763cdb8e4b07657d19ba78d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loughman, Zachary J.","contributorId":76157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loughman","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70134557,"text":"70134557 - 2014 - The Late Cretaceous Middle Fork caldera, its resurgent intrusion, and enduring landscape stability in east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T13:22:10","indexId":"70134557","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Late Cretaceous Middle Fork caldera, its resurgent intrusion, and enduring landscape stability in east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"

Dissected caldera structures expose thick intracaldera tuff and, uncommonly, cogenetic shallow plutons, while remnants of correlative outflow tuffs deposited on the pre-eruption ground surface record elements of ancient landscapes. The Middle Fork caldera encompasses a 10 km × 20 km area of rhyolite welded tuff and granite porphyry in east-central Alaska, ∼100 km west of the Yukon border. Intracaldera tuff is at least 850 m thick. The K-feldspar megacrystic granite porphyry is exposed over much of a 7 km × 12 km area having 650 m of relief within the western part of the caldera fill. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe with reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG) analyses of zircon from intracaldera tuff, granite porphyry, and outflow tuff yield U-Pb ages of 70.0 ± 1.2, 69.7 ± 1.2, and 71.1 ± 0.5 Ma (95% confidence), respectively. An aeromagnetic survey indicates that the tuff is reversely magnetized, and, therefore, that the caldera-forming eruption occurred in the C31r geomagnetic polarity chron. The tuff and porphyry have arc geochemical signatures and a limited range in SiO2 of 69 to 72 wt%. Although their phenocrysts differ in size and abundance, similar quartz + K-feldspar + plagioclase + biotite mineralogy, whole-rock geochemistry, and analytically indistinguishable ages indicate that the tuff and porphyry were comagmatic. Resorption of phenocrysts in tuff and porphyry suggests that these magmas formed by thermal rejuvenation of near-solidus or solidified crystal mush. A rare magmatic enclave (54% SiO2, arc geochemical signature) in the porphyry may be similar to parental magma and provides evidence of mafic magma and thermal input.

\n

 

\n

The Middle Fork is a relatively well preserved caldera within a broad region of Paleozoic metamorphic rocks and Mesozoic plutons bounded by northeast-trending faults. In the relatively downdropped and less deeply exhumed crustal blocks, Cretaceous–Early Tertiary silicic volcanic rocks attest to long-term stability of the landscape. Within the Middle Fork caldera, the granite porphyry is interpreted to have been exposed by erosion of thick intracaldera tuff from an asymmetric resurgent dome. The Middle Fork of the North Fork of the Fortymile River incised an arcuate valley into and around the caldera fill on the west and north and may have cut down from within an original caldera moat. The 70 Ma land surface is preserved beneath proximal outflow tuff at the west margin of the caldera structure and beneath welded outflow tuff 16–23 km east-southeast of the caldera in a paleovalley. Within ∼50 km of the Middle Fork caldera are 14 examples of Late Cretaceous (?)–Tertiary felsic volcanic and hypabyssal intrusive rocks that range in area from <1 km2 to ∼100 km2. Rhyolite dome clusters north and northwest of the caldera occupy tectonic basins associated with northeast-trending faults and are relatively little eroded. Lava of a latite complex, 12–19 km northeast of the caldera, apparently flowed into the paleovalley of the Middle Fork of the North Fork of the Fortymile River. To the northwest of the Middle Fork caldera, in the Mount Harper crustal block, mid-Cretaceous plutonic rocks are widely exposed, indicating greater total exhumation. To the southeast of the Middle Fork block, the Mount Veta block has been uplifted sufficiently to expose a ca. 68–66 Ma equigranular granitic pluton. Farther to the southeast, in the Kechumstuk block, the flat-lying outflow tuff remnant in Gold Creek and a regionally extensive high terrace indicate that the landscape there has been little modified since 70 Ma other than entrenchment of tributaries in response to post–2.7 Ma lowering of base level of the Yukon River associated with advance of the Cordilleran ice sheet.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01037.1","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C.R., Dusel-Bacon, C., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Slack, J.F., 2014, The Late Cretaceous Middle Fork caldera, its resurgent intrusion, and enduring landscape stability in east-central Alaska: Geosphere, v. 10, no. 6, p. 1432-1455, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01037.1.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1432","endPage":"1455","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054534","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01037.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296440,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -181.494140625,\n 51.01375465718821\n ],\n [\n -181.494140625,\n 71.74643171904148\n ],\n [\n -140.80078125,\n 71.74643171904148\n ],\n [\n -140.80078125,\n 51.01375465718821\n ],\n [\n -181.494140625,\n 51.01375465718821\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548193cae4b0aa6d778520fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70133231,"text":"ds883 - 2014 - USGS Field Activities 12BHM01, 12BHM02, 12BHM03, 12BHM04, and 12BHM05 on the West Florida Shelf, in February, April, May, June, and August 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-11T09:24:29","indexId":"ds883","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-11T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"883","title":"USGS Field Activities 12BHM01, 12BHM02, 12BHM03, 12BHM04, and 12BHM05 on the West Florida Shelf, in February, April, May, June, and August 2012","docAbstract":"

Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed by the ocean’s surface where it combines with seawater to form a weak, naturally occurring acid called carbonic acid (H2CO3).   Increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere results in the absorption of more CO2 by the ocean and, therefore, increases in the acidity of seawater.  This process, known as ocean acidification, has the potential to elicit change in ecosystems and organisms by disrupting biological processes.   For example, ocean acidification is a problem for marine organisms such as corals, foraminifera, and algae that precipitate calcium carbonate to form their skeletons and shells (Kleypas and others, 2006). The effects are related to corresponding changes in the carbonate saturation state (Ω), where Ω is the ratio of the ion concentration product (Ca2+ x CO32-) to the stoichiometric aragonite solubility product (K*sp) (Langdon and Atkinson, 2005). Because pH and CO32- are strongly interdependent through the inorganic carbon system, the decrease in pH will cause a proportionally greater decrease in CO32-.   

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Globally, ocean acidification is occurring faster than at any time in the last 300 million years (Broeker and others, 1979). Recent evidence indicates that individual oceans are responding at different rates, depending on physical and biological processes. For example in the Arctic Ocean, the rate of saturation state decrease was 2.1 percent per year between 1997 and 2010 (Robbins and others., 2013) in an area as large as Montana, largely because of increases in melt of ice, versus the average rate observed for the Pacific Ocean (0.36 percent per year) (Feely and others, 2012). Unfortunately, comparative data sets over multiyear time frames are often not available because time series baseline carbon information has not been collected in many oceans. Data are needed in subtropical latitudes where carbonate saturation states are already naturally low and fluctuate seasonally. These data will help construct a baseline for the assessment of future changes.

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\n

As part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program project \"Response of Florida Shelf Ecosystems to Climate Change\" and in partnership with Kendra Daly, University of South Florida (USF), data on surface ocean carbonate chemistry were collected on five cruises along transects on the shallow inner west Florida shelf and northern Gulf of Mexico in 2012. Data from the 2011 cruises were also published (Robbins and others., 2013). The data collected allows the USGS, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and USF scientists to map variations in ocean chemistry including carbonate saturation states along designated tracks. The USGS also partners with NOAA and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to model air-sea flux as part of a Gulf of Mexico Carbon Synthesis project led by NASA.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds883","usgsCitation":"Robbins, L.L., Knorr, P.O., Daly, K.L., and Barrera, K.E., 2014, USGS Field Activities 12BHM01, 12BHM02, 12BHM03, 12BHM04, and 12BHM05 on the West Florida Shelf, in February, April, May, June, and August 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 883, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds883.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-02-01","temporalEnd":"2012-08-31","ipdsId":"IP-051019","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295983,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds883.png"},{"id":295960,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0883/"},{"id":295982,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0883/html/ds883_abstract.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"West Florida Shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.89111328125,\n 27.371767300523047\n ],\n [\n -85.89111328125,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 27.371767300523047\n ],\n [\n -85.89111328125,\n 27.371767300523047\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5463251ee4b0ba83040c6a54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Lisa L. 0000-0003-3681-1094 lrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-1094","contributorId":422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","email":"lrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knorr, Paul O. pknorr@usgs.gov","contributorId":3691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knorr","given":"Paul","email":"pknorr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daly, Kendra L.","contributorId":79018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daly","given":"Kendra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":524924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barrera, Kira E. 0000-0002-2807-4795 kbarrera@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2807-4795","contributorId":4910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrera","given":"Kira","email":"kbarrera@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70133281,"text":"ofr20141232 - 2014 - Surface wave site characterization at 27 locations near Boston, Massachusetts, including 2 strong-motion stations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-13T09:45:51","indexId":"ofr20141232","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-11T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1232","title":"Surface wave site characterization at 27 locations near Boston, Massachusetts, including 2 strong-motion stations","docAbstract":"

The geotechnical properties of the soils in and around Boston, Massachusetts, have been extensively studied. This is partly due to the importance of the Boston Blue Clay and the extent of landfill in the Boston area. Although New England is not a region that is typically associated with seismic hazards, there have been several historical earthquakes that have caused significant ground shaking (for example, see Street and Lacroix, 1979; Ebel, 1996; Ebel, 2006). The possibility of strong ground shaking, along with heightened vulnerability from unreinforced masonry buildings, motivates further investigation of seismic hazards throughout New England. Important studies that are pertinent to seismic hazards in New England include source-parameter studies (Somerville and others, 1987; Boore and others, 2010), wave-propagation studies (Frankel, 1991; Viegas and others, 2010), empirical ground-motion prediction equations (GMPE) for computing ground-motion intensity (Tavakoli and Pezeshk, 2005; Atkinson and Boore, 2006), site-response studies (Hayles and others, 2001; Ebel and Kim, 2006), and liquefaction studies (Brankman and Baise, 2008). The shear-wave velocity (VS) profiles collected for this report are pertinent to the GMPE, site response, and liquefaction aspects of seismic hazards in the greater Boston area. Besides the application of these data for the Boston region, the data may be applicable throughout New England, through correlations with geologic units (similar to Ebel and Kim, 2006) or correlations with topographic slope (Wald and Allen, 2007), because few VS measurements are available in stable tectonic regions.
Ebel and Hart (2001) used felt earthquake reports to infer amplification patterns throughout the greater Boston region and noted spatial correspondence with the dominant period and amplification factors obtained from ambient noise (horizontal-to-vertical ratios) by Kummer (1998). Britton (2003) compiled geotechnical borings in the area and produced a microzonation map based on generalized velocity profiles, where the amplifications were computed using Shake (Schnable and others, 1972), along with an assumed input ground motion. The velocities were constrained by only a few local measurements associated with the Central Artery/Tunnel project. The additional VS measurements presented in this report provide a number of benefits. First, these measurements provide improved spatial coverage. Second, the larger sample size provides better constraints on the mean and variance of the VS distribution for each layer, which may be paired with a three-dimensional (3D) model of the stratigraphy to generate one-dimensional (1D) profiles for use in a standard site-response analysis (for example, Britton, 2003). Third, the velocity profiles may also be used, along with a 3D model of the stratigraphy, as input into a 3D simulation of the ground motion to investigate the effects of basin-generated surface waves and the potential focusing of seismic waves.
This report begins with a short review of the geology of the study area and the field methods that we used to estimate the velocity profiles. The raw data, processed data, and the interpreted VS profiles are given in appendix 1. Photographs and descriptions of the sites are provided in appendix 2.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141232","collaboration":"In cooperation with Tufts University","usgsCitation":"Thompson, E., Carkin, B.A., Baise, L.G., and Kayen, R., 2014, Surface wave site characterization at 27 locations near Boston, Massachusetts, including 2 strong-motion stations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1232, iii, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141232.","productDescription":"iii, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044891","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295977,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141232.jpg"},{"id":295974,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1232/"},{"id":295975,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1232/downloads/ofr2014-1232.pdf"},{"id":295976,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1232/downloads/BostonSASW.zip"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Boston","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5463251de4b0ba83040c6a4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Eric M.","contributorId":127394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Eric M.","affiliations":[{"id":6936,"text":"Tufts University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carkin, Bradley A. bcarkin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carkin","given":"Bradley","email":"bcarkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baise, Laurie G.","contributorId":127395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baise","given":"Laurie","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6936,"text":"Tufts University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kayen, Robert E. rkayen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert E.","email":"rkayen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70128733,"text":"fs20143104 - 2014 - USGS investigations of water produced during hydrocarbon reservoir development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-11T10:58:53","indexId":"fs20143104","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-11T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3104","title":"USGS investigations of water produced during hydrocarbon reservoir development","docAbstract":"

Significant quantities of water are present in hydrocarbon reservoirs. When brought to the land surface during oil, gas, and coalbed methane production, the water—either naturally occurring or injected as a method to enhance production—is termed produced water. Produced water is currently managed through processes such as recycling, treatment and discharge, spreading on roads, evaporation or infiltration, and deep well injection. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists conduct research and publish data related to produced water, thus providing information and insight to scientists, decisionmakers, the energy industry, and the public. The information advances scientific knowledge, informs resource management decisions, and facilitates environmental protection. This fact sheet discusses integrated research being conducted by USGS scientists supported by programs in the Energy and Minerals and Environmental Health Mission Areas. The research products help inform decisions pertaining to understanding the nature and management of produced water in the United States.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143104","collaboration":"Integrated Research by the Energy and Minerals and the Environmental Health Mission Areas","usgsCitation":"Engle, M.A., Cozzarelli, I.M., and Smith, B.D., 2014, USGS investigations of water produced during hydrocarbon reservoir development: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3104, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143104.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056678","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295981,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143104.jpg"},{"id":295979,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3104/"},{"id":295980,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3104/pdf/fs2014-3104.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5463251fe4b0ba83040c6a5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70131571,"text":"ofr20141223 - 2014 - Effects of human disturbance on waterbird nesting and reproductive success at restoration pond SF2, south San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-01T17:19:10","indexId":"ofr20141223","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-11T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1223","title":"Effects of human disturbance on waterbird nesting and reproductive success at restoration pond SF2, south San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"

To offset for the loss of managed pond habitat during restoration of wetlands to tidal marsh, the South Bay Salt Pond (SBSP) Restoration Project is enhancing some of the remaining ponds by constructing islands for roosting and nesting waterbirds. Among these wetland habitats, the SBSP Restoration Project also is installing walking trails and viewing platforms in an effort to bring the public closer to nature. In winter of 2010–11, the SBSP Restoration Project constructed 30 islands in Pond SF2 and walking trails and viewing platforms around the edge of the pond. The restoration project partners acknowledged that human disturbance could detrimentally affect nesting and roosting waterbirds. Although optimal buffer distances and potential for human disturbance were unknown, islands in Pond SF2, nevertheless, were designed with built-in buffers of greater than 300 feet (91 meters) from a trail and 600 feet (182 meters) from a viewing platform in order to minimize potential human disturbances.

\n

To determine the effects that human disturbance may have on waterbirds nesting on these newly constructed islands in Pond SF2, we assessed the potential effects of human disturbance features (specifically, access trails, viewing platforms, internal pond berms, exterior levees, and highways) on breeding waterbirds in 2011 and 2012. We found no clear pattern of potential disturbance features on a group of reproductive factors, including nest survival, nest initiation date, and clutch size. Because all the islands were constructed greater than 90 meters from the nearest disturbance feature, Pond SF2 alone did not provide adequate variation in the distance of disturbance features to detect potential detrimental effects for islands closer to disturbance features in other areas of the SBSP Restoration Project. If there is a need for SBSP Restoration Project Management Team to understand how close islands can be built to disturbance features in the future, we suggest a more comprehensive study that includes multiple ponds, other than SF2, with islands at varying distances to disturbance features.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141223","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, J., Herzog, M., and Hartman, C.A., 2014, Effects of human disturbance on waterbird nesting and reproductive success at restoration pond SF2, south San Francisco Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1223, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141223.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060374","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295973,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141223.jpg"},{"id":295955,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1223/"},{"id":295972,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1223/pdf/ofr2014-1223.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.40142822265625,\n 37.759858513184625\n ],\n [\n -122.23114013671875,\n 37.76420119453823\n ],\n [\n -121.92352294921874,\n 37.45523781879053\n ],\n [\n -122.01690673828124,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -122.39044189453124,\n 37.612055711412815\n ],\n [\n -122.40142822265625,\n 37.759858513184625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5463251ae4b0ba83040c6a46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. mherzog@usgs.gov","contributorId":3965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark P.","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartman, Christopher A. chartman@usgs.gov","contributorId":5242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"Christopher","email":"chartman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70136276,"text":"70136276 - 2014 - Simulating 2,368 temperate lakes reveals weak coherence in stratification phenology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-24T13:44:40","indexId":"70136276","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-10T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating 2,368 temperate lakes reveals weak coherence in stratification phenology","docAbstract":"

Changes in water temperatures resulting from climate warming can alter the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems. Lake-specific physical characteristics may play a role in mediating individual lake responses to climate. Past mechanistic studies of lake-climate interactions have simulated generic lake classes at large spatial scales or performed detailed analyses of small numbers of real lakes. Understanding the diversity of lake responses to climate change across landscapes requires a hybrid approach that couples site-specific lake characteristics with broad-scale environmental drivers. This study provides a substantial advancement in lake ecosystem modeling by combining open-source tools with freely available continental-scale data to mechanistically model daily temperatures for 2,368 Wisconsin lakes over three decades (1979-2011). The model accurately predicted observed surface layer temperatures (RMSE: 1.74°C) and the presence/absence of stratification (81.1% agreement). Among-lake coherence was strong for surface temperatures and weak for the timing of stratification, suggesting individual lake characteristics mediate some - but not all - ecologically relevant lake responses to climate.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.07.029","usgsCitation":"Read, J.S., Winslow, L.A., Hansen, G.J., Van Den Hoek, J., Hanson, P.C., Bruce, L.C., and Markfort, C.D., 2014, Simulating 2,368 temperate lakes reveals weak coherence in stratification phenology: Ecological Modelling, v. 291, p. 142-150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.07.029.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056409","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472647,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.07.029","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337361,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7028PN4","text":"Climate warming of Wisconsin lakes can be either amplified or suppressed by trends in water clarity"}],"volume":"291","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c58e4b08de9379b373c","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.07.029","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.07.029","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Read Jordan S., Winslow Luke A., Hansen Gretchen J.A., Van Den Hoek Jamon, Hanson Paul C., Bruce Louise C., Markfort Corey D.","journalName":"Ecological Modelling","publicationDate":"11/2014","auditedOn":"11/1/2014","publiclyAccessibleDate":"8/5/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Read, Jordan S. 0000-0002-3888-6631 jread@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3888-6631","contributorId":4453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Read","given":"Jordan","email":"jread@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winslow, Luke A. 0000-0002-8602-5510 lwinslow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8602-5510","contributorId":5919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winslow","given":"Luke","email":"lwinslow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Gretchen J. A.","contributorId":131099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Gretchen","email":"","middleInitial":"J. A.","affiliations":[{"id":7242,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Den Hoek, Jamon","contributorId":127555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Den Hoek","given":"Jamon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hanson, Paul C.","contributorId":35634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bruce, Louise C.","contributorId":131100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruce","given":"Louise","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7243,"text":"School of Earth & Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Markfort, Corey D.","contributorId":131098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Markfort","given":"Corey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7241,"text":"IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70133363,"text":"70133363 - 2014 - Termini of calving glaciers as self-organized critical systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T18:07:11.514468","indexId":"70133363","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Termini of calving glaciers as self-organized critical systems","docAbstract":"

Over the next century, one of the largest contributions to sea level rise will come from ice sheets and glaciers calving ice into the ocean1. Factors controlling the rapid and nonlinear variations in calving fluxes are poorly understood, and therefore difficult to include in prognostic climate-forced land-ice models. Here we analyse globally distributed calving data sets from Svalbard, Alaska (USA), Greenland and Antarctica in combination with simulations from a first-principles, particle-based numerical calving model to investigate the size and inter-event time of calving events. We find that calving events triggered by the brittle fracture of glacier ice are governed by the same power-law distributions as avalanches in the canonical Abelian sandpile model2. This similarity suggests that calving termini behave as self-organized critical systems that readily flip between states of sub-critical advance and super-critical retreat in response to changes in climate and geometric conditions. Observations of sudden ice-shelf collapse and tidewater glacier retreat in response to gradual warming of their environment3 are consistent with a system fluctuating around its critical point in response to changing external forcing. We propose that self-organized criticality provides a yet unexplored framework for investigations into calving and projections of sea level rise.

","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/ngeo2290","usgsCitation":"Astrom, J., Vallot, D., Schafer, M., Welty, E., O’Neel, S., Bartholomaus, T., Liu, Y., Riikila, T., Zwinger, T., Timonen, J., and Moore, J.N., 2014, Termini of calving glaciers as self-organized critical systems: Nature Geoscience, v. 7, p. 874-878, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2290.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"874","endPage":"878","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058378","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296131,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Astrom, J.","contributorId":127397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Astrom","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6937,"text":"CSC – IT Centre for Science, P.O. Box 405, 02101, Espoo, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vallot, D.","contributorId":127398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vallot","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6938,"text":"Department of Earth Science, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala, 75236, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schafer, M.","contributorId":127399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schafer","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6939,"text":"Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, PL122, 96100 Rovaniemi, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welty, E.","contributorId":56464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welty","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bartholomaus, T.C.","contributorId":94569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomaus","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liu, Y.","contributorId":127400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6940,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Riikila, T.","contributorId":127401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riikila","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6941,"text":"Department of Physics and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zwinger, T.","contributorId":82612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zwinger","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Timonen, J.","contributorId":248787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Timonen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Moore, Johnnie N.","contributorId":13668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Johnnie","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70131482,"text":"70131482 - 2014 - Practical limitations on the use of diurnal temperature signals to quantify groundwater upwelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:25:14","indexId":"70131482","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-07T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Practical limitations on the use of diurnal temperature signals to quantify groundwater upwelling","docAbstract":"

Groundwater upwelling to streams creates unique habitat by influencing stream water quality and temperature; upwelling zones also serve as vectors for contamination when groundwater is degraded. Temperature time series data acquired along vertical profiles in the streambed have been applied to simple analytical models to determine rates of vertical fluid flux. These models are based on the downward propagation characteristics (amplitude attenuation and phase-lag) of the surface diurnal signal. Despite the popularity of these models, there are few published characterizations of moderate-to-strong upwelling. We attribute this limitation to the thermodynamics of upwelling, under which the downward conductive signal transport from the streambed interface occurs opposite the upward advective fluid flux. Governing equations describing the advection–diffusion of heat within the streambed predict that under upwelling conditions, signal amplitude attenuation will increase, but, counterintuitively, phase-lag will decrease. Therefore the extinction (measurable) depth of the diurnal signal is very shallow, but phase lag is also short, yielding low signal to noise ratio and poor model sensitivity. Conversely, amplitude attenuation over similar sensor spacing is strong, yielding greater potential model sensitivity. Here we present streambed thermal time series over a range of moderate to strong upwelling sites in the Quashnet River, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The predicted inverse relationship between phase-lag and rate of upwelling was observed in the field data over a range of conditions, but the observed phase-lags were consistently shorter than predicted. Analytical solutions for fluid flux based on signal amplitude attenuation return results consistent with numerical models and physical seepage meters, but the phase-lag analytical model results are generally unreasonable. Through numerical modeling we explore reasons why phase-lag may have been over-predicted by the analytical models, and develop guiding relations of diurnal temperature signal extinction depth based on stream diurnal signal amplitude, upwelling magnitude, and streambed thermal properties that will be useful in designing future experiments.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.09.030","usgsCitation":"Briggs, M.A., Lautz, L.K., Buckley, S.F., and Lane, J.W., 2014, Practical limitations on the use of diurnal temperature signals to quantify groundwater upwelling: Journal of Hydrology, v. 519, no. B, p. 1739-1751, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.09.030.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1739","endPage":"1751","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057864","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295952,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169414007124"}],"volume":"519","issue":"B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"545ddf17e4b0ba8303f8b62a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lautz, Laura K.","contributorId":124523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lautz","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5082,"text":"Syracuse University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buckley, Sean F. sbuckley@usgs.gov","contributorId":3910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"Sean","email":"sbuckley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70131483,"text":"70131483 - 2014 - On the downscaling of actual evapotranspiration maps based on combination of MODIS and landsat-based actual evapotranspiration estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T11:27:04","indexId":"70131483","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-07T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the downscaling of actual evapotranspiration maps based on combination of MODIS and landsat-based actual evapotranspiration estimates","docAbstract":"

 Downscaling is one of the important ways of utilizing the combined benefits of the high temporal resolution of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images and fine spatial resolution of Landsat images. We have evaluated the output regression with intercept method and developed the Linear with Zero Intercept (LinZI) method for downscaling MODIS-based monthly actual evapotranspiration (AET) maps to the Landsat-scale monthly AET maps for the Colorado River Basin for 2010. We used the 8-day MODIS land surface temperature product (MOD11A2) and 328 cloud-free Landsat images for computing AET maps and downscaling. The regression with intercept method does have limitations in downscaling if the slope and intercept are computed over a large area. A good agreement was obtained between downscaled monthly AET using the LinZI method and the eddy covariance measurements from seven flux sites within the Colorado River Basin. The mean bias ranged from −16 mm (underestimation) to 22 mm (overestimation) per month, and the coefficient of determination varied from 0.52 to 0.88. Some discrepancies between measured and downscaled monthly AET at two flux sites were found to be due to the prevailing flux footprint. A reasonable comparison was also obtained between downscaled monthly AET using LinZI method and the gridded FLUXNET dataset. The downscaled monthly AET nicely captured the temporal variation in sampled land cover classes. The proposed LinZI method can be used at finer temporal resolution (such as 8 days) with further evaluation. The proposed downscaling method will be very useful in advancing the application of remotely sensed images in water resources planning and management.

","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs61110483","usgsCitation":"Singh, R.K., Senay, G.B., Velpuri, N.M., Bohms, S., and Verdin, J.P., 2014, On the downscaling of actual evapotranspiration maps based on combination of MODIS and landsat-based actual evapotranspiration estimates: Remote Sensing, v. 6, no. 11, p. 10483-10509, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61110483.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"10483","endPage":"10509","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057248","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472650,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61110483","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":295950,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295953,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/11/10483"}],"volume":"6","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"545ddf17e4b0ba8303f8b625","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singh, Ramesh K. 0000-0002-8164-3483 rsingh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8164-3483","contributorId":3895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singh","given":"Ramesh","email":"rsingh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Velpuri, Naga Manohar 0000-0002-6370-1926 nvelpuri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":4441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"Naga","email":"nvelpuri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Manohar","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bohms, Stefanie 0000-0002-2979-4655 sbohms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-4655","contributorId":3148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohms","given":"Stefanie","email":"sbohms@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70129577,"text":"fs20143106 - 2014 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:20:05","indexId":"fs20143106","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-07T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3106","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Kansas","docAbstract":"

Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Kansas, elevation data are critical for agriculture and precision farming, natural resources conservation, flood risk management, infrastructure and construction management, geologic resource assessment and hazard mitigation, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.

\n

The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143106","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2014, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3106, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143106.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059303","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143106.jpg"},{"id":295945,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3106/"},{"id":295946,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3106/pdf/fs2014-3106.pdf","text":"Report","size":"285 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United 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William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70128252,"text":"sir20145193 - 2014 - An initial abstraction and constant loss model, and methods for estimating unit hydrographs, peak streamflows, and flood volumes for urban basins in Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-07T13:13:55","indexId":"sir20145193","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-07T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5193","title":"An initial abstraction and constant loss model, and methods for estimating unit hydrographs, peak streamflows, and flood volumes for urban basins in Missouri","docAbstract":"

Streamflow data, basin characteristics, and rainfall data from 39 streamflow-gaging stations for urban areas in and adjacent to Missouri were used by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Metropolitan Sewer District of St. Louis to develop an initial abstraction and constant loss model (a time-distributed basin-loss model) and a gamma unit hydrograph (GUH) for urban areas in Missouri. Study-specific methods to determine peak streamflow and flood volume for a given rainfall event also were developed.

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Distinct basin characteristics were evaluated and selected for use on the basis of their theoretical relation to flow, results from previous studies, and the ability to reliably measure the basin characteristic using digital datasets and geographic information system (GIS) technology. The key basin characteristics determined or computed for each of the 39 basins upstream from the streamflow-gaging stations were drainage area, percent impervious area, main-channel slope based on the 10- and 85-percent length method, percentage of the basin area in storage (lakes, ponds, reservoirs, wetlands), the composite Natural Resources Conservation Service curve number estimated from a combination of the soil type data and land-use characteristics, and the streamflow variability index developed for the recently completed study of low-flow regression in Missouri.

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Characteristics of spatial and temporal rainfall distribution came from the next generation weather radar (NEXRAD) network. Procedures were developed for this study to convert the variable radar sweep rate into a 5-minute total rainfall hyetograph using data from the radar bin at the centroid of a given basin. Additional characteristics determined for each storm on the basin included the 5-day and 14-day antecedent rainfall, estimated from the mean of daily rainfall values from various rain gages in the area.

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The database of observed rainfall and runoff events for the 39 basins upstream from the streamflow-gaging stations was analyzed to compute the optimal storm-specific initial abstraction and constant loss values, as well as the time to peak, peak streamflow, and shape factor values of the GUH. The optimal storm-specific values were used to develop a regional regression equation for initial abstraction; conversely, the constant loss was estimated not by regression but from either a generalized or specific regional mean value. The optimal storm-specific values of GUH time to peak, GUH peak streamflow, and GUH shape factor were used to develop regression equations for the GUH.

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The regression equations for the GUH initially were tested alone, and then were combined with the appropriate regional regression equation for initial abstraction and both the generalized regional and specific regional mean constant loss values. For the GUH regression equations, the interquartile range was substantially smaller than the range spanned by the minimum and maximum values, which indicates most of the errors have much smaller variation, and the minimum and maximum values may be extreme outliers. The central tendency of the regressed errors for peak streamflow and runoff hydrograph volume were both approximately zero, which implies a generally unbiased estimation of these values. The mean and median of the regressed errors for time to peak streamflow were both small but greater than zero, which implies the GUH regression equations create a hydrograph that has a peak that is later in time than observed. Specifically, the regressed times indicate an offset of about 10 minutes, on average, from observed. The mean and median of the regressed errors for widths of the runoff hydrograph at 50 and 75 percent were less than zero, which implies the GUH tends to slightly underestimate these widths compared to the observed.

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The appropriate regional initial abstraction regression equation was combined with both the generalized and the specific regional mean constant loss values and the GUH regression equations. Both the generalized regional mean constant loss and specific regional mean constant loss forms of the basin-loss model worked equally well to model the observed runoff hydrograph based on the error analysis, and neither model seems to make a consistently better approximation. Both initial abstraction and constant loss models combined with the GUH regression equations were further validated using several storms available after the start of the project in early 2011 with similar but consistently higher error results. If these methods are used in an urban area in Missouri other than those examined in this study, advice to the user is given to consider using the generalized regional mean values. If these methods are used in an urban area that is a subbasin of one of the basins in this study, advice to the user is given to consider using the specific regional mean values.

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The rainfall-runoff pairs from the storm-specific GUH analysis were further analyzed against various basin and rainfall characteristics to develop equations to estimate the peak streamflow and flood volume based on a quantity of rainfall on the basin.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145193","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metropolitan Sewer District of St. Louis","usgsCitation":"Huizinga, R.J., 2014, An initial abstraction and constant loss model, and methods for estimating unit hydrographs, peak streamflows, and flood volumes for urban basins in Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5193, Report: x, 59 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145193.","productDescription":"Report: x, 59 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057930","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145193.jpg"},{"id":295934,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5193/"},{"id":295935,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5193/pdf/sir2014-5193.pdf"},{"id":295936,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5193/downloads/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"545ddf16e4b0ba8303f8b61f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huizinga, Richard J. 0000-0002-2940-2324 huizinga@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2940-2324","contributorId":2089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huizinga","given":"Richard","email":"huizinga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70126525,"text":"70126525 - 2014 - Observations of elk movement patterns on Fossil Butte National Monument","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-09T12:39:53","indexId":"70126525","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":234,"text":"WLCI Fact Sheet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"Observations of elk movement patterns on Fossil Butte National Monument","docAbstract":"

The elk herd that frequents Fossil Butte National Monument, a subset of the West Green River elk population, provides visitors with seasonal opportunities to view an iconic species of the western United States. Throughout the year, these elk range across a variety of private, State, and Federal lands within close proximity to the Monument. These lands are managed differently for various uses which can create challenging wildlife-management issues and influence the herd’s seasonal movements and distribution. Research lead by the USGS investigates some of the factors associated with these seasonal changes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative","publisherLocation":"Rock Springs, WY","usgsCitation":"Olexa, E.M., Soileau, S.C., and Allen, L., 2014, Observations of elk movement patterns on Fossil Butte National Monument: WLCI Fact Sheet 6, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059430","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70126525.jpg"},{"id":295948,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wlci/fs/6/"},{"id":296530,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wlci/fs/6/pdf/wlci6.pdf","size":"2.65 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Fossil Butte National Monument","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.91522216796875,\n 41.76106872528616\n ],\n [\n -110.91522216796875,\n 41.916585116228354\n ],\n [\n -110.67901611328125,\n 41.916585116228354\n ],\n [\n -110.67901611328125,\n 41.76106872528616\n ],\n [\n -110.91522216796875,\n 41.76106872528616\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54882b5be4b02acb4f0c8c45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olexa, Edward M. 0000-0002-2000-6798 eolexa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2000-6798","contributorId":4448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olexa","given":"Edward","email":"eolexa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soileau, Suzanna Carrithers. 0000-0002-4331-0098 ssoileau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-0098","contributorId":4427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soileau","given":"Suzanna","email":"ssoileau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Carrithers.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Leslie A. laallen@usgs.gov","contributorId":358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Leslie A.","email":"laallen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70114464,"text":"70114464 - 2014 - Using multiple data sets to populate probabilistic volcanic event trees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T16:29:33","indexId":"70114464","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Using multiple data sets to populate probabilistic volcanic event trees","docAbstract":"

The key parameters one needs to forecast outcomes of volcanic unrest are hidden kilometers beneath the Earth’s surface, and volcanic systems are so complex that there will invariably be stochastic elements in the evolution of any unrest. Fortunately, there is sufficient regularity in behaviour that some, perhaps many, eruptions can be forecast with enough certainty for populations to be evacuated and kept safe. Volcanologists charged with forecasting eruptions must try to understand each volcanic system well enough that unrest can be interpreted in terms of pre-eruptive process, but must simultaneously recognize and convey uncertainties in their assessment. We have found that use of event trees helps to focus discussion, integrate data from multiple sources, reach consensus among scientists about both pre-eruptive process and uncertainties and, in some cases, to explain all of this to officials. Figure 1 shows a generic volcanic event tree from Newhall and Hoblitt (2002) that can be modified as needed for each specific volcano. This paper reviews how we and our colleagues have used such trees during a number of volcanic crises worldwide, for rapid hazard assessments in situations in which more formal expert elicitations could not be conducted. We describe how Multiple Data Sets can be used to estimate probabilities at each node and branch. We also present case histories of probability estimation during crises, how the estimates were used by public officials, and some suggestions for future improvements.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Volcanic Hazards, Risks and Disasters","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-396453-3.00008-3","usgsCitation":"Newhall, C.G., and Pallister, J.S., 2014, Using multiple data sets to populate probabilistic volcanic event trees, chap. of Volcanic Hazards, Risks and Disasters, p. 203-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-396453-3.00008-3.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"232","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055823","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb8e4b07657d1a90da1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newhall, C. G.","contributorId":93056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pallister, John S. 0000-0002-2041-2147 jpallist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-2147","contributorId":2024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"John","email":"jpallist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70118093,"text":"ds862 - 2014 - USGS Arctic Ocean Carbon Cruise 2012: Field Activity L-01-12-AR to collect carbon data in the Arctic Ocean, August-September 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-07T13:27:04","indexId":"ds862","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-06T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"862","title":"USGS Arctic Ocean Carbon Cruise 2012: Field Activity L-01-12-AR to collect carbon data in the Arctic Ocean, August-September 2012","docAbstract":"

From August 25 to September 27, 2012, the United States Coast Guard Cutter (USCGC) Healy was part of an Extended Continental Shelf Project to determine the limits of the extended continental shelf in the Arctic. On a non-interference basis, a USGS ocean acidification team participated on the cruise to collect baseline water data in the Arctic. The collection of data extended from coastal waters near Barrow, Alaska, to 83°2'N., -175°36'W., and southward back to coastal waters near Barrow and on to Dutch Harbor, Alaska. As a consequence, a number of hypotheses were tested and questions asked associated with ocean acidification, including:

\n

 

\n\n

 

\n

During the cruise, underway continuous and discrete water samples were collected, and discrete water samples were collected at stations to document the carbonate chemistry of the Arctic waters and quantify the saturation state of seawater with respect to calcium carbonate. These data are critical for providing baseline information in areas where no data have existed prior and will also be used to test existing models and predict future trends.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds862","usgsCitation":"Robbins, L.L., Wynn, J., Knorr, P.O., Onac, B., Lisle, J.T., McMullen, K.Y., Yates, K.K., Byrne, R., and Liu, X., 2014, USGS Arctic Ocean Carbon Cruise 2012: Field Activity L-01-12-AR to collect carbon data in the Arctic Ocean, August-September 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 862, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds862.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-08-01","temporalEnd":"2012-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-051020","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds862.jpg"},{"id":295931,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0862/"},{"id":295932,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0862/ds862_abstract.html"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Ocean","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"545c8da2e4b0ba8303f703c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Lisa L. 0000-0003-3681-1094 lrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-1094","contributorId":422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","email":"lrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wynn, Jonathan","contributorId":9943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wynn","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":524457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knorr, Paul O. pknorr@usgs.gov","contributorId":3691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knorr","given":"Paul","email":"pknorr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Onac, Bogdan","contributorId":127356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Onac","given":"Bogdan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":524459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lisle, John T. 0000-0002-5447-2092 jlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-2092","contributorId":2944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisle","given":"John","email":"jlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McMullen, Katherine Y. kmcmullen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"Katherine","email":"kmcmullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yates, Kimberly K. 0000-0001-8764-0358 kyates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8764-0358","contributorId":420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"Kimberly","email":"kyates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Byrne, Robert H.","contributorId":83260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrne","given":"Robert H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":524463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Liu, Xuewu","contributorId":87676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Xuewu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":524464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ]}