Independent researchers working in the Talladega belt, Ashland-Wedowee-Emuckfaw belt, and Opelika Complex of Alabama, as well as the Dahlonega gold belt and western Inner Piedmont of Alabama, Georgia, and the Carolinas, have mapped stratigraphic sequences unique to each region. Although historically considered distinct terranes of disparate origin, a synthesis of data suggests that each includes lithologic units that formed in an Ordovician back-arc basin (Wedowee-Emuckfaw-Dahlonega basin—WEDB). Rocks in these terranes include varying proportions of metamorphosed mafic and bimodal volcanic rock suites interlayered with deep-water metasedimentary rock sequences. Metavolcanic rocks yield ages that are Early–Middle Ordovician (480–460 Ma) and interlayered metasedimentary units are populated with both Grenville and Early–Middle Ordovician detrital zircons. Metamafic rocks display geochemical trends ranging from mid-oceanic-ridge basalt to arc affinity, similar to modern back-arc basalts. The collective data set limits formation of the WEDB to a suprasubduction system built on and adjacent to upper Neoproterozoic–lower Paleozoic rocks of the passive Laurentian margin at the trailing edge of Iapetus, specifically in a continental margin back-arc setting. Overwhelmingly, the geologic history of the southern Appalachians, including rocks of the WEDB described here, indicates that the Ordovician Taconic orogeny in the southern Appalachians developed in an accretionary orogenic setting instead of the traditional collisional orogenic setting attributed to subduction of the Laurentian margin beneath an exotic or peri-Laurentian arc. Well-studied Cenozoic accretionary orogens provide excellent analogs for Taconic orogenesis, and an accretionary orogenic model for the southern Appalachian Taconic orogeny can account for aspects of Ordovician tectonics not easily explained through collisional orogenesis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/2015.0039(02)","usgsCitation":"Barineau, C.I., Tull, J.F., and Holm-Denoma, C.S., 2015, A Laurentian margin back-arc: the Ordovician Wedowee-Emuckfaw-Dahlonega basin: GSA Field Guides, v. 39, p. 21-78, https://doi.org/10.1130/2015.0039(02).","productDescription":"58 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"78","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061407","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298316,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n \"stroke-width\": 2,\n \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n },\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.98974609375,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -84.00146484374999,\n 37.10776507118514\n ],\n [\n -77.6513671875,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -83.6279296875,\n 31.74685416292141\n ],\n [\n -87.01171875,\n 31.728167146023935\n ],\n [\n -86.98974609375,\n 33.358061612778876\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54facfa9e4b02419550db6c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barineau, Clinton I.","contributorId":139194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barineau","given":"Clinton","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":12692,"text":"Columbus State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tull, James F.","contributorId":139458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tull","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":7092,"text":"Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440 cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":2442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher","email":"cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70155916,"text":"70155916 - 2015 - Urgent need for warming experiments in tropical forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T14:27:41.041637","indexId":"70155916","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-06T03:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Urgent need for warming experiments in tropical forests","docAbstract":"Although tropical forests account for only a fraction of the planet's terrestrial surface, they exchange more carbon dioxide with the atmosphere than any other biome on Earth, and thus play a disproportionate role in the global climate. In the next 20 years, the tropics will experience unprecedented warming, yet there is exceedingly high uncertainty about their potential responses to this imminent climatic change. Here, we prioritize research approaches given both funding and logistical constraints in order to resolve major uncertainties about how tropical forests function and also to improve predictive capacity of earth system models. We investigate overall model uncertainty of tropical latitudes and explore the scientific benefits and inevitable trade-offs inherent in large-scale manipulative field experiments. With a Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 analysis, we found that model variability in projected net ecosystem production was nearly 3 times greater in the tropics than for any other latitude. Through a review of the most current literature, we concluded that manipulative warming experiments are vital to accurately predict future tropical forest carbon balance, and we further recommend the establishment of a network of comparable studies spanning gradients of precipitation, edaphic qualities, plant types, and/or land use change. We provide arguments for long-term, single-factor warming experiments that incorporate warming of the most biogeochemically active ecosystem components (i.e. leaves, roots, soil microbes). Hypothesis testing of underlying mechanisms should be a priority, along with improving model parameterization and constraints. No single tropical forest is representative of all tropical forests; therefore logistical feasibility should be the most important consideration for locating large-scale manipulative experiments. Above all, we advocate for multi-faceted research programs, and we offer arguments for what we consider the most powerful and urgent way forward in order to improve our understanding of tropical forest responses to climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12860","usgsCitation":"Calaveri, M.A., Reed, S.C., Smith, W., and Wood, T.E., 2015, Urgent need for warming experiments in tropical forests: Global Change Biology, v. 21, no. 6, p. 2111-2121, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12860.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2111","endPage":"2121","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060487","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12860","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306662,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfc0e4b08400b1fe1458","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/gcb.12860","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12860","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Cavaleri Molly A., Reed Sasha C., Smith W. Kolby, Wood Tana E.","journalName":"Global Change Biology","publicationDate":"3/6/2015","auditedOn":"4/6/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calaveri, Molly A.","contributorId":146258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calaveri","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16650,"text":"School of Forest Resources & Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, W. 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Kolby","affiliations":[{"id":7089,"text":"University of Montana, Missoula, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wood, Tana E.","contributorId":33193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tana","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156251,"text":"70156251 - 2015 - Heterogeneous movement of insectivorous Amazonian birds through primary and secondary forest: A case study using multistate models with radiotelemetry data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-10T16:36:18.01769","indexId":"70156251","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heterogeneous movement of insectivorous Amazonian birds through primary and secondary forest: A case study using multistate models with radiotelemetry data","docAbstract":"Given rates of deforestation, disturbance, and secondary forest accumulation in tropical rainforests, there is a great need to quantify habitat use and movement among different habitats. This need is particularly pronounced for animals most sensitive to disturbance, such as insectivorous understory birds. Here we use multistate capture–recapture models with radiotelemetry data to determine the successional stage at which within-day movement probabilities of Amazonian birds in secondary forest are similar to those in primary forest. We radio-tracked three common understory insectivore species in primary and secondary forest at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments project near Manaus, Brazil: two woodcreepers, Glyphorynchus spirurus (n = 19) andXiphorhynchus pardalotus (n = 18), and the terrestrial antthrush Formicarius colma(n = 19). Forest age was a strong predictor of fidelity to a given habitat. All three species showed greater fidelity to primary forest than to 8–14-year-old secondary forest, indicating the latter’s relatively poor quality. The two woodcreeper species used 12–18-year-old secondary forest in a manner comparable to continuous forest, but F. colmaavoided moving even to 27–31-year-old secondary forest—the oldest at our site. Our results suggest that managers concerned with less sensitive species can assume that forest reserves connected by 12–18-year-old secondary forest corridors are effectively connected. On the other hand, >30 years are required after land abandonment before secondary forest serves as a primary forest-like conduit for movement by F. colma; more sensitive terrestrial insectivores may take longer still.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2015.01.028","usgsCitation":"Hines, J.E., Powell, L.L., Wolfe, J.D., Johnson, E.L., Nichols, J., and Stouffer, P.C., 2015, Heterogeneous movement of insectivorous Amazonian birds through primary and secondary forest: A case study using multistate models with radiotelemetry data: Biological Conservation, v. 188, p. 100-108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.01.028.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"108","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064220","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","city":"Manaus","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -61.384530576017966,\n -1.6981363640401668\n ],\n [\n -61.384530576017966,\n -4.235218153320815\n ],\n [\n -58.61166836481719,\n -4.235218153320815\n ],\n [\n -58.61166836481719,\n -1.6981363640401668\n ],\n [\n -61.384530576017966,\n -1.6981363640401668\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"188","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d305b5e4b0518e35468cfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hines, James E. 0000-0001-5478-7230 jhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":146530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Luke L.","contributorId":146576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"Luke","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe, Jared D.","contributorId":146577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Erik l.","contributorId":146578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"l.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":568341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stouffer, Phillip C.","contributorId":146579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stouffer","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70137829,"text":"70137829 - 2015 - Workgroup for Hydraulic laboratory Testing and Verification of Hydroacoustic Instrumentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-16T16:10:43","indexId":"70137829","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Workgroup for Hydraulic laboratory Testing and Verification of Hydroacoustic Instrumentation","docAbstract":"An international workgroup was recently formed for hydraulic laboratory testing and verification of hydroacoustic instrumentation used for water velocity measurements. The activities of the workgroup have included one face to face meeting, conference calls and an inter-laboratory exchange of two acoustic meters among participating laboratories. Good agreement was found among four laboratories at higher tow speeds and poorer agreement at the lowest tow speed.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of eleventh current, waves and turbulence measurement workshop","conferenceTitle":"Eleventh current, waves and turbulence measurement workshop (CWTM)","conferenceDate":"2-6 March 2015","conferenceLocation":"St. Petersburg, FL","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/CWTM.2015.7098116","usgsCitation":"Fulford, J.M., Armstrong, B.N., and Thibodeaux, K.G., 2015, Workgroup for Hydraulic laboratory Testing and Verification of Hydroacoustic Instrumentation, in Proceedings of eleventh current, waves and turbulence measurement workshop, St. Petersburg, FL, 2-6 March 2015, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1109/CWTM.2015.7098116.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062290","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309995,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&tp=&arnumber=7098116&queryText%3Djanice+m.+juraska"},{"id":309996,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56221fb8e4b06217fc479235","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulford, Janice M. jfulford@usgs.gov","contributorId":991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"Janice","email":"jfulford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, Brandy N. barmstrong@usgs.gov","contributorId":138581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Brandy","email":"barmstrong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thibodeaux, Kirk G.","contributorId":107036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thibodeaux","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70142429,"text":"70142429 - 2015 - The Mw6.0 24 August 2014 South Napa earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T12:57:58","indexId":"70142429","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-05T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Mw6.0 24 August 2014 South Napa earthquake","docAbstract":"The Mw 6.0 South Napa earthquake, which occurred at 10:20 UTC 24 August 2014 was the largest earthquake to strike the greater San Francisco Bay area since the Mw 6.9 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The rupture from this right‐lateral earthquake propagated mostly unilaterally to the north and up‐dip, directing the strongest shaking toward the city of Napa, where peak ground accelerations (PGAs) between 45%g and 61%g were recorded and modified Mercalli intensities (MMIs) of VII–VIII were reported. Tectonic surface rupture with dextral slip of up to 46 cm was observed on a 12.5 km long segment, some of which was along a previously mapped strand of the West Napa fault system, although the rupture extended to the north of the mapped Quaternary strand. Modeling of seismic and geodetic data suggests an average coseismic slip of 50 cm, with a maximum slip of about 1 m at depths of 10–11 km. We observed up to 35 cm of afterslip along the surface trace in the week following the mainshock, primarily along the southern half of the surface rupture that experienced relatively little coseismic offset. Relocation of the sparse aftershock sequence suggests en echelon southwest‐ and northeast‐dipping fault planes, reflective of the complex fault geometry in this region. The Napa basin and historic and late Holocene alluvial flood deposits in downtown Napa amplified the ground motions there. Few ground failures were mapped, reflecting the dry season (as well as a persistent drought that had lowered the groundwater table) and the short duration of strong shaking in the epicentral area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220150004","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T.M., Baltay Sundstrom, A.S., Hardebeck, J.L., Pollitz, F., Murray, J.R., Llenos, A., Schwartz, D.P., Blair, J.L., Ponti, D.J., Lienkaemper, J., Langenheim, V., Dawson, T.E., Hudnut, K.W., Shelly, D.R., Dreger, D.S., Boatwright, J., Aagaard, B.T., Wald, D.J., Allen, R.M., Barnhart, W.D., Knudsen, K.L., Brooks, B.A., and Scharer, K.M., 2015, The Mw6.0 24 August 2014 South Napa earthquake: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 2A, p. 309-326, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150004.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"326","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062228","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Napa Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.83264160156251,\n 37.83798775896515\n ],\n [\n -122.83264160156251,\n 38.74337300148126\n ],\n [\n -121.75598144531251,\n 38.74337300148126\n ],\n [\n -121.75598144531251,\n 37.83798775896515\n ],\n [\n -122.83264160156251,\n 37.83798775896515\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"2A","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f97e2de4b02419550d9b60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baltay Sundstrom, Annemarie S. 0000-0002-6514-852X abaltay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-852X","contributorId":4932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltay Sundstrom","given":"Annemarie","email":"abaltay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hardebeck, Jeanne L. 0000-0002-6737-7780 jhardebeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-7780","contributorId":841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"Jeanne","email":"jhardebeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pollitz, Fred F. fpollitz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Fred F.","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murray, Jessica R. 0000-0002-6144-1681 jrmurray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-1681","contributorId":2759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Jessica","email":"jrmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Llenos, Andrea L. allenos@usgs.gov","contributorId":139572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Llenos","given":"Andrea L.","email":"allenos@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200 dschwartz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":1940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","email":"dschwartz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Blair, J. 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2015 - Laboratory electrical resistivity analysis of geologic samples from Fort Irwin, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70142156,"text":"ofr20131024E - 2015 - Laboratory electrical resistivity analysis of geologic samples from Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024E","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","displayTitle":"Laboratory Electrical Resistivity Analysis of Geologic Samples from Fort Irwin, California","title":"Laboratory electrical resistivity analysis of geologic samples from Fort Irwin, California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 2014 - Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 2014 - Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-14T11:56:25","indexId":"ofr20131024E","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-05T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1024","chapter":"E","displayTitle":"Laboratory Electrical Resistivity Analysis of Geologic Samples from Fort Irwin, California","title":"Laboratory electrical resistivity analysis of geologic samples from Fort Irwin, California","docAbstract":"Correlating laboratory resistivity measurements with geophysical resistivity models helps constrain these models to the geology and lithology of an area. Throughout the Fort Irwin National Training Center area, 111 samples from both cored boreholes and surface outcrops were collected and processed for laboratory measurements. These samples represent various lithologic types that include plutonic and metamorphic (basement) rocks, lava flows, consolidated sedimentary rocks, and unconsolidated sedimentary deposits that formed in a series of intermountain basins. Basement rocks, lava flows, and some lithified tuffs are generally resistive (≥100 ohm-meters [Ω·m]) when saturated. Saturated unconsolidated samples are moderately conductive to conductive, with resistivities generally less than 100 Ω·m, and many of these samples are less than 50 Ω·m. The unconsolidated samples can further be separated into two broad groups: (1) younger sediments that are moderately conductive, owing to their limited clay content, and (2) older, more conductive sediments with a higher clay content that reflects substantial amounts of originally glassy volcanic ash subsequently altered to clay. The older sediments are believed to be Tertiary. Time-domain electromagnetic (TEM) data were acquired near most of the boreholes, and, on the whole, close agreements between laboratory measurements and resistivity models were found.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131024E","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army, Fort Irwin National Training Center","usgsCitation":"Bloss, B.R., and Bedrosian, P.A, 2015, Laboratory electrical resistivity analysis of geologic samples from Fort Irwin, California, chap. E of Buesch, D.C., ed., Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 2013-1024, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131024E.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 104 p.; Supplemental Data ReadMe; Supplemental Data ZIP","numberOfPages":"104","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-060545","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/e/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":298308,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/e/downloads/ofr2013-1024_e.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298309,"rank":2,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/e/downloads/ofr2013-1024_e_README.pdf","text":"Supplemental Data README","size":"78 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Supplemental Data README"},{"id":298310,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/e/downloads/ofr2013-1024_supplemental_data.zip","text":"Supplemental Data","size":"362 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Supplemental Data"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","city":"Fort Irwin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.99890136718749,\n 35.12889434101051\n ],\n [\n -116.99890136718749,\n 35.639441068973916\n ],\n [\n -116.18591308593749,\n 35.639441068973916\n ],\n [\n -116.18591308593749,\n 35.12889434101051\n ],\n [\n -116.99890136718749,\n 35.12889434101051\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
The interface between ground water and surface water in streams is a hotspot for N processing. However, the role of buried organic C in N transformation at this interface is not well understood, and inferences have been based largely on descriptive studies. Our main objective was to determine how buried particulate organic C (POC) affected denitrification and NO3− retention in the sediments of an upwelling reach in a sand-plains stream in Wisconsin. We manipulated POC in mesocosms inserted in the sediments. Treatments included low and high quantities of conditioned red maple leaves (buried beneath combusted sand), ambient sediment (sand containing background levels of POC), and a control (combusted sand). We measured denitrification rates in sediments by acetylene-block assays in the laboratory and by changes in N2 concentrations in the field using membrane inlet mass spectrometry. We measured NO3−, NH4+, and dissolved organic N (DON) retention as changes in concentrations and fluxes along groundwater flow paths in the mesocosms. POC addition drove oxic ground water to severe hypoxia, led to large increases in dissolved organic C (DOC), and strongly increased denitrification rates and N (NO3− and total dissolved N) retention relative to the control. In situ denitrification accounted for 30 to 60% of NO3− retention. Our results suggest that buried POC stimulated denitrification and NO3− retention by producing DOC and by creating favorable redox conditions for denitrification.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Freshwater Science","doi":"10.1086/678249","usgsCitation":"Stelzer, R.S., Scott, J.T., and Bartsch, L., 2015, Buried particulate organic carbon stimulates denitrification and nitrate retention in stream sediments at the groundwater-surface water interface: Freshwater Science, v. 34, no. 1, p. 161-171, https://doi.org/10.1086/678249.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"171","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049658","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298305,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Emmons Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.54269409179688,\n 43.97898113341921\n ],\n [\n -89.54269409179688,\n 44.350368362980596\n ],\n [\n -89.09500122070312,\n 44.350368362980596\n ],\n [\n -89.09500122070312,\n 43.97898113341921\n ],\n [\n -89.54269409179688,\n 43.97898113341921\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f97e2ae4b02419550d9b54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stelzer, Robert S.","contributorId":56538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stelzer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, J. Thad","contributorId":91406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thad","affiliations":[{"id":6623,"text":"University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartsch, Lynn 0000-0002-1483-4845 lbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-4845","contributorId":3342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Lynn","email":"lbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70142423,"text":"70142423 - 2015 - Oil detection in the coastal marshes of Louisiana using MESMA applied to band subsets of AVIRIS data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-05T10:07:39","indexId":"70142423","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-05T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oil detection in the coastal marshes of Louisiana using MESMA applied to band subsets of AVIRIS data","docAbstract":"We mapped oil presence in the marshes of Barataria Bay, Louisiana following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill using Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data. Oil and non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV) have very similar spectra, differing only in two narrow hydrocarbon absorption regions around 1700 and 2300 nm. Confusion between NPV and oil is expressed as an increase in oil fraction error with increasing NPV, as shown by Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis (MESMA) applied to synthetic spectra generated with known endmember fractions. Significantly, the magnitude of error varied depending upon the type of NPV in the mixture. To reduce error, we used stable zone unmixing to identify a nine band subset that emphasized the hydrocarbon absorption regions, allowing for more accurate detection of oil presence using MESMA. When this band subset was applied to post-spill AVIRIS data acquired over Barataria Bay on several dates following the 2010 oil spill, accuracies ranged from 87.5% to 93.3%. Oil presence extended 10.5 m into the marsh for oiled shorelines, showing a reduced oil fraction with increasing distance from the shoreline.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Inc.","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2014.12.009","usgsCitation":"Peterson, S.H., Roberts, D.A., Beland, M., Kokaly, R., and Ustin, S.L., 2015, Oil detection in the coastal marshes of Louisiana using MESMA applied to band subsets of AVIRIS data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 159, p. 222-231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.12.009.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"222","endPage":"231","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057762","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298303,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Barataria Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.054931640625,\n 29.27202470909843\n ],\n [\n -90.054931640625,\n 29.476665675902137\n ],\n [\n -89.85580444335938,\n 29.476665675902137\n ],\n [\n -89.85580444335938,\n 29.27202470909843\n ],\n [\n -90.054931640625,\n 29.27202470909843\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"159","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f97e2de4b02419550d9b5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Seth H.","contributorId":139568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12804,"text":"Univ. of California Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, Dar A.","contributorId":100503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Dar","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12804,"text":"Univ. of California Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beland, Michael","contributorId":139569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beland","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12805,"text":"Univ. of California at San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101 raymond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":1785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","email":"raymond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ustin, Susan L.","contributorId":52878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ustin","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70142345,"text":"70142345 - 2015 - On formally integrating science and policy: walking the walk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-26T11:02:59","indexId":"70142345","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-05T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On formally integrating science and policy: walking the walk","docAbstract":"The contribution of science to the development and implementation of policy is typically neither direct nor transparent. In 1995, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) made a decision that was unprecedented in natural resource management, turning to an unused and unproven decision process to carry out trust responsibilities mandated by an international treaty. The decision process was adopted for the establishment of annual sport hunting regulations for the most economically important duck population in North America, the 6 to 11 million mallards Anas platyrhynchos breeding in the mid-continent region of north-central United States and central Canada. The key idea underlying the adopted decision process was to formally embed within it a scientific process designed to reduce uncertainty (learn) and thus make better decisions in the future. The scientific process entails use of models to develop predictions of competing hypotheses about system response to the selected action at each decision point. These prediction not only are used to select the optimal management action, but also are compared with the subsequent estimates of system state variables, providing evidence for modifying degrees of confidence in, and hence relative influence of, these models at the next decision point. Science and learning in one step are formally and directly incorporated into the next decision, contrasting with the usual ad hoc and indirect use of scientific results in policy development and decision-making. Application of this approach over the last 20 years has led to a substantial reduction in uncertainty, as well as to an increase in transparency and defensibility of annual decisions and a decrease in the contentiousness of the decision process. As resource managers are faced with increased uncertainty associated with various components of global change, this approach provides a roadmap for the future scientific management of natural resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.12406","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Johnson, F.A., Williams, B., and Boomer, G.S., 2015, On formally integrating science and policy: walking the walk: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 52, no. 3, p. 539-543, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12406.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"543","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056557","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.328125,\n 24.846565348219734\n ],\n [\n -141.328125,\n 69.7181066990676\n ],\n [\n -51.15234375,\n 69.7181066990676\n ],\n [\n -51.15234375,\n 24.846565348219734\n ],\n [\n -141.328125,\n 24.846565348219734\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f97e2de4b02419550d9b5e","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.12406","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12406","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Nichols James D., Johnson Fred A., Williams Byron K., Boomer G. 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The prevailing assumption that laboratory-derived isotopic parameters apply to free-living animals is largely untested. We used stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) in whole blood from migratory Dunlin (Calidris alpina arcticola) to estimate an in situ turnover rate and individual diet-switch dates. Our in situ results indicated that turnover rates were higher in free-living birds, in comparison to the results of an experimental study on captive Dunlin and estimates derived from a theoretical allometric model. Diet-switch dates from all 3 methods were then used to estimate arrival dates to the Arctic; arrival dates calculated with the in situ turnover rate were later than those with the other turnover-rate estimates, substantially so in some cases. These later arrival dates matched dates when local snow conditions would have allowed Dunlin to settle, and agreed with anticipated arrival dates of Dunlin tracked with light-level geolocators. Our study presents a novel method for accurately estimating arrival dates for individuals of migratory species in which return dates are difficult to document. This may be particularly appropriate for species in which extrinsic tracking devices cannot easily be employed because of cost, body size, or behavioral constraints, and in habitats that do not allow individuals to be detected easily upon first arrival. Thus, this isotopic method offers an exciting alternative approach to better understand how species may be altering their arrival dates in response to changing climatic conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/AUK-14-227.1","usgsCitation":"Doll, A.C., Lanctot, R.B., Stricker, C.A., Yezerinac, S.M., and Wunder, M., 2015, Improved arrival-date estimates of Arctic-breeding Dunlin (Calidris alpina arcticola): The Auk, v. 132, no. 2, p. 408-421, https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-14-227.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"408","endPage":"421","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055980","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/auk-14-227.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298300,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic","volume":"132","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f97e2be4b02419550d9b56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doll, Andrew C.","contributorId":139566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doll","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6674,"text":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yezerinac, Stephen M.","contributorId":139567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yezerinac","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12803,"text":"Mount Allison University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wunder, Michael B.","contributorId":80599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wunder","given":"Michael B.","affiliations":[{"id":6674,"text":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70137275,"text":"70137275 - 2015 - Multiple regression and inverse moments improve the characterization of the spatial scaling behavior of daily streamflows in the Southeast United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-04T13:31:07","indexId":"70137275","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-05T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple regression and inverse moments improve the characterization of the spatial scaling behavior of daily streamflows in the Southeast United States","docAbstract":"Understanding the spatial structure of daily streamflow is essential for managing freshwater resources, especially in poorly-gaged regions. Spatial scaling assumptions are common in flood frequency prediction (e.g., index-flood method) and the prediction of continuous streamflow at ungaged sites (e.g. drainage-area ratio), with simple scaling by drainage area being the most common assumption. In this study, scaling analyses of daily streamflow from 173 streamgages in the southeastern US resulted in three important findings. First, the use of only positive integer moment orders, as has been done in most previous studies, captures only the probabilistic and spatial scaling behavior of flows above an exceedance probability near the median; negative moment orders (inverse moments) are needed for lower streamflows. Second, assessing scaling by using drainage area alone is shown to result in a high degree of omitted-variable bias, masking the true spatial scaling behavior. Multiple regression is shown to mitigate this bias, controlling for regional heterogeneity of basin attributes, especially those correlated with drainage area. Previous univariate scaling analyses have neglected the scaling of low-flow events and may have produced biased estimates of the spatial scaling exponent. Third, the multiple regression results show that mean flows scale with an exponent of one, low flows scale with spatial scaling exponents greater than one, and high flows scale with exponents less than one. The relationship between scaling exponents and exceedance probabilities may be a fundamental signature of regional streamflow. This signature may improve our understanding of the physical processes generating streamflow at different exceedance probabilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014WR015924","usgsCitation":"Farmer, W.H., Over, T.M., and Vogel, R.M., 2015, Multiple regression and inverse moments improve the characterization of the spatial scaling behavior of daily streamflows in the Southeast United States: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 3, p. 1775-1796, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015924.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1775","endPage":"1796","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057100","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298299,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.74609375,\n 25.24469595130604\n ],\n [\n -94.74609375,\n 37.71859032558816\n ],\n [\n -75.673828125,\n 37.71859032558816\n ],\n [\n -75.673828125,\n 25.24469595130604\n ],\n [\n -94.74609375,\n 25.24469595130604\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f97e2ce4b02419550d9b5a","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2014wr015924","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015924","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Farmer William H., Over Thomas M., Vogel Richard M.","journalName":"Water Resources Research","publicationDate":"3/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farmer, William H. 0000-0002-2865-2196 wfarmer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2865-2196","contributorId":4374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"William","email":"wfarmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Over, Thomas M. 0000-0001-8280-4368 tmover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8280-4368","contributorId":1819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Over","given":"Thomas","email":"tmover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vogel, Richard M.","contributorId":66811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180868,"text":"70180868 - 2015 - A new approach for continuous estimation of baseflow using discrete water quality data: Method description and comparison with baseflow estimates from two existing approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T13:36:22","indexId":"70180868","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new approach for continuous estimation of baseflow using discrete water quality data: Method description and comparison with baseflow estimates from two existing approaches","docAbstract":"Understanding how watershed characteristics and climate influence the baseflow component of stream discharge is a topic of interest to both the scientific and water management communities. Therefore, the development of baseflow estimation methods is a topic of active research. Previous studies have demonstrated that graphical hydrograph separation (GHS) and conductivity mass balance (CMB) methods can be applied to stream discharge data to estimate daily baseflow. While CMB is generally considered to be a more objective approach than GHS, its application across broad spatial scales is limited by a lack of high frequency specific conductance (SC) data. We propose a new method that uses discrete SC data, which are widely available, to estimate baseflow at a daily time step using the CMB method. The proposed approach involves the development of regression models that relate discrete SC concentrations to stream discharge and time. Regression-derived CMB baseflow estimates were more similar to baseflow estimates obtained using a CMB approach with measured high frequency SC data than were the GHS baseflow estimates at twelve snowmelt dominated streams and rivers. There was a near perfect fit between the regression-derived and measured CMB baseflow estimates at sites where the regression models were able to accurately predict daily SC concentrations. We propose that the regression-derived approach could be applied to estimate baseflow at large numbers of sites, thereby enabling future investigations of watershed and climatic characteristics that influence the baseflow component of stream discharge across large spatial scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.12.039","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., Johnson, H.M., Susong, D.D., and Wolock, D.M., 2015, A new approach for continuous estimation of baseflow using discrete water quality data: Method description and comparison with baseflow estimates from two existing approaches: Journal of Hydrology, v. 522, p. 203-210, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.12.039.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"210","ipdsId":"IP-057375","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334804,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182712,"text":"70182712 - 2015 - Life history strategies of fish species and biodiversity in eastern USA streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T09:40:22","indexId":"70182712","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Life history strategies of fish species and biodiversity in eastern USA streams","docAbstract":"Predictive models have been used to determine fish species that occur less frequently than expected (decreasers) and those that occur more frequently than expected (increasers) in streams in the eastern U.S. Coupling life history traits with 51 decreaser and 38 increaser fish species provided the opportunity to examine potential mechanisms associated with predicted changes in fish species distributions in eastern streams. We assigned six life history traits – fecundity, longevity, maturation age, maximum total length, parental care, and spawning season duration – to each fish species. Decreaser species were significantly smaller in size and shorter-lived with reduced fecundity and shorter spawning seasons compared to increaser species. Cluster analysis of traits revealed correspondence with a life history model defining equilibrium (low fecundity, high parental care), opportunistic (early maturation, low parental care), and periodic (late maturation, high fecundity, low parental care) end-point strategies. Nearly 50 % of decreaser species were associated with an intermediate opportunistic-periodic strategy, suggesting that abiotic factors such as habitat specialization and streamflow alteration may serve as important influences on life history traits and strategies of decreaser species. In contrast, the percent of increaser species among life history strategy groups ranged from 21 to 32 %, suggesting that life history strategies of increaser species were more diverse than those of decreaser species. This study highlights the utility of linking life history theory to biodiversity to better understand mechanisms that contribute to fish species distributions in the eastern U.S.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10641-014-0304-1","usgsCitation":"Meador, M., and Brown, L.M., 2015, Life history strategies of fish species and biodiversity in eastern USA streams: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 98, no. 2, p. 663-677, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-014-0304-1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"663","endPage":"677","ipdsId":"IP-051004","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"98","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548c2e4b01ccd54fddfca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meador, Michael R. mrmeador@usgs.gov","contributorId":615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"Michael R.","email":"mrmeador@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Larry M.","contributorId":184044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70141749,"text":"70141749 - 2015 - Geotechnical aspects in the epicentral region of the 2011, Mw5.8 Mineral, Virginia earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T10:22:17","indexId":"70141749","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-04T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geotechnical aspects in the epicentral region of the 2011, Mw5.8 Mineral, Virginia earthquake","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance team documented the geotechnical and geological aspects in the epicentral region of the Mw (moment magnitude) 5.8 Mineral, Virginia (USA), earthquake of 23 August 2011. Tectonically and seismically induced ground deformations, evidence of liquefaction, rock slides, river bank slumps, ground subsidence, performance of earthen dams, damage to public infrastructure and lifelines, and other effects of the earthquake were documented. This moderate earthquake provided the rare opportunity to collect data to help assess current geoengineering practices in the region, as well as to assess seismic performance of the aging infrastructure in the region. Ground failures included two marginal liquefaction sites, a river bank slump, four minor rockfalls, and a ~4-m-wide, ~12-m-long, ~0.3-m-deep subsidence on a residential property. Damage to lifelines included subsidence of the approaches for a bridge and a water main break to a heavily corroded, 5-cm-diameter valve in Mineral, Virginia. Observed damage to dams, landfills, and public-use properties included a small, shallow slide in the temporary (“working”) clay cap of the county landfill, damage to two earthen dams (one in the epicentral region and one further away near Bedford, Virginia), and substantial structural damage to two public school buildings.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.2509(09)","usgsCitation":"Green, R.A., Lasley, S., Carter, M.W., Munsey, J.W., Maurer, B.W., and Tuttle, M.P., 2015, Geotechnical aspects in the epicentral region of the 2011, Mw5.8 Mineral, Virginia earthquake: GSA Special Papers, v. 509, p. 151-172, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.2509(09).","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"172","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054097","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Mineral","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.495849609375,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -84.495849609375,\n 39.918162846609455\n ],\n [\n -74.77294921875,\n 39.918162846609455\n ],\n [\n -74.77294921875,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -84.495849609375,\n 36.10237644873644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"509","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f82cafe4b02419550d99de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, Russell A.","contributorId":94708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Green","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lasley, Samuel","contributorId":139385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lasley","given":"Samuel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Mark W. 0000-0003-0460-7638 mcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-7638","contributorId":4808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Mark","email":"mcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Munsey, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":139386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munsey","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12759,"text":"TVA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maurer, Brett W.","contributorId":139387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maurer","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tuttle, Martitia P.","contributorId":139388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tuttle","given":"Martitia","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12760,"text":"Tuttle and Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70141915,"text":"ofr20151034 - 2015 - Fire history of Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve, southern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T16:38:02.028941","indexId":"ofr20151034","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-04T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1034","title":"Fire history of Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve, southern Florida","docAbstract":"Fire occurs naturally in the environment on most continents, including Africa (Ryan and Williams, 2011), Asia (Kauhanen, 2008), Australia (Kutt and Woinarski, 2007), Europe (Eshel and others, 2000), South America (Fidelis and others, 2010), and North America (Van Auken, 2000). Antarctica appears to be the only continent that has no reported natural fires, although fire is common in grasslands of Patagonia and on islands in the Subantarctic region (Gonzalez and others, 2005; McGlone and others, 2007).
\nNatural fires also have occurred over thousands of years, and the frequencies of these natural fires have changed (Power and others, 2008). This has resulted in altered ecosystems at landscape scales. Recent evidence suggests that the treeless desert pastures of Tibet once were forests and woodlands, and charcoal deposits indicate that fire was more frequent in the past (Miehe and others, 2006). Human cultural development has been influenced by changes in natural fire frequencies. Zong and others (2007) reported that human suppression of fires in coastal areas of China allowed the development of rice paddy cultivation and, thus, increased the size of human populations.
\nIn addition to its almost world-wide occurrence, fire plays a role in a wide variety of ecosystem types. Grassland, savanna, steppe, woodland, forest, and wetland ecosystems all have fire as part of their natural ecology (Veblen and Lorenz, 1988; Chokkalingam and others, 2007; Miller and others, 2009, Keith and others, 2010; Staver and others, 2011). Fires affect these ecosystems in various ways, the most obvious of which is the direct effect on plant biomass (for example, Van Wilgen, 1982; Mack and others, 2008). However, fire has many other effects on ecosystems. Plant species richness, diversity, and functional types can change in response to fire (Peterson and Reich, 2008). All properties of the surface soils (such as bulk density, particle size distribution, pH, and organic carbon and nitrogen content) can be altered by the frequency and severity of fire (Boerner and others, 2009). Faunal communities will respond to fire, with some species increasing (Fuhlendorf and others, 2006) and other species decreasing, after the fire (Vasconcelos and others, 2009).The position of the ecotone between differing ecosystems also is influenced by fire occurrence (Heisler and others, 2003; Briggs and others, 2005; Smith and others, 2013).
\nFire has been used as a management tool in various ecosystems around the world. Prairies, grasslands, and savannas are fire-maintained ecosystems where fire is used to deter invasion by shrubs and trees (Grant and others, 2009; Scheintaub and others, 2009). Similarly, fire plays an important role in woodlands and forests by influencing species composition and succession such, as the use of fire in coniferous forests to prevent encroachment by hardwoods (Phillippe and others, 2011). Fire also has been used to manage wetland ecosystems for more than 50 years (Lynch, 1941; Frost, 1995). Uses have included returning marshes to early successional states, increasing forage for wildlife (Lynch, 1941). In all fire-influenced ecosystems, prescribed burns are routinely used to reduce fuel loads, reducing the possibility of catastrophic fires.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151034","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve","usgsCitation":"Smith, T.J., III, Foster, A.M., and Jones, J.W., 2015, Fire history of Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve, southern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1034, 86 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151034.","productDescription":"v, 86 p.","numberOfPages":"96","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049028","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298290,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1034/"},{"id":298292,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1034/pdf/ofr2015-1034.pdf","text":"Report","size":"24.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298293,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151034.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Big Cypress National Preserve, Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.53778076171874,\n 24.851549944184754\n ],\n [\n -81.53778076171874,\n 26.26386228011112\n ],\n [\n -80.386962890625,\n 26.26386228011112\n ],\n [\n -80.386962890625,\n 24.851549944184754\n ],\n [\n -81.53778076171874,\n 24.851549944184754\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Human-mediated translocations and subsequent large-scale colonization by the invasive fish rotan (Perccottus glenii Dybowski, 1877; Perciformes, Odontobutidae), also known as Amur or Chinese sleeper, has resulted in dramatic transformations of small lentic ecosystems. However, no detailed genetic information exists on population structure, levels of effective movement, or relatedness among geographic populations of P. glenii within the European part of the range. We used massively parallel genomic DNA shotgun sequencing on the semiconductor-based Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM) sequencing platform to identify nuclear microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA sequences in P. glenii from European Russia. Here we describe the characterization of nine nuclear microsatellite loci, ascertain levels of allelic diversity, heterozygosity, and demographic status of P. glenii collected from Ilev, Russia, one of several initial introduction points in European Russia. In addition, we mapped sequence reads to the complete P. glenii mitochondrial DNA sequence to identify polymorphic regions. Nuclear microsatellite markers developed for P. glenii yielded sufficient genetic diversity to: (1) produce unique multilocus genotypes; (2) elucidate structure among geographic populations; and (3) provide unique perspectives for analysis of population sizes and historical demographics. Among 4.9 million filtered P. glenii Ion Torrent PGM sequence reads, 11,304 mapped to the mitochondrial genome (NC_020350). This resulted in 100 % coverage of this genome to a mean coverage depth of 102X. A total of 130 variable sites were observed between the publicly available genome from China and the studied composite mitochondrial genome. Among these, 82 were diagnostic and monomorphic between the mitochondrial genomes and distributed among 15 genome regions. The polymorphic sites (N = 48) were distributed among 11 mitochondrial genome regions. Our results also indicate that sequence reads generated from two three-hour runs on the Ion Torrent PGM can generate a sufficient number of nuclear and mitochondrial markers to improve understanding of the evolutionary and ecological dynamics of non-model and in particular, invasive species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s12686-015-0430-x","usgsCitation":"King, T.L., Eackles, M.S., and Reshetnikov, A.N., 2015, Rapid isolation of microsatellite DNAs and identification of polymorphic mitochondrial DNA regions in the fish rotan (Perccottus glenii) invading European Russia: Conservation Genetics Resources, v. 7, no. 2, p. 363-368, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-015-0430-x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"368","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060630","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310265,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"European Russia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 26.71875,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n 26.71875,\n 76.84081641443098\n ],\n [\n 91.23046875,\n 76.84081641443098\n ],\n [\n 91.23046875,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n 26.71875,\n 42.032974332441405\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5628b73fe4b0d158f5926c49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Tim L. tlking@usgs.gov","contributorId":3520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Tim","email":"tlking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eackles, Michael S. meackles@usgs.gov","contributorId":4371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eackles","given":"Michael","email":"meackles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reshetnikov, Andrey N.","contributorId":149329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reshetnikov","given":"Andrey","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":12617,"text":"A.N. Severtsov Ecology & Evolution Institute, Leninskiy 33, Moscow 119071, Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70142275,"text":"70142275 - 2015 - Fine root productivity varies along nitrogen and phosphorus gradients in high-rainfall mangrove forests of Micronesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T15:48:28","indexId":"70142275","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-04T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fine root productivity varies along nitrogen and phosphorus gradients in high-rainfall mangrove forests of Micronesia","docAbstract":"Belowground biomass is thought to account for much of the total biomass in mangrove forests and may be related to soil fertility. The Yela River and the Sapwalap River, Federated States of Micronesia, contain a natural soil resource gradient defined by total phosphorus (P) density ranging from 0.05 to 0.42 mg cm−3 in different hydrogeomorphic settings. We used this fertility gradient to test the hypothesis that edaphic conditions constrain mangrove productivity through differential allocation of biomass to belowground roots. We removed sequential cores and implanted root ingrowth bags to measure in situ biomass and productivity, respectively. Belowground root biomass values ranged among sites from 0.448 ± 0.096 to 2.641 ± 0.534 kg m−2. Root productivity (roots ≤20 mm) did not vary significantly along the gradient (P = 0.3355) or with P fertilization after 6 months (P = 0.2968). Fine root productivity (roots ≤2 mm), however, did vary significantly among sites (P = 0.0363) and ranged from 45.88 ± 21.37 to 118.66 ± 38.05 g m−2 year−1. The distribution of total standing root biomass and fine root productivity followed patterns of N:P ratios as hypothesized, with larger root mass generally associated with lower relative P concentrations. Many of the processes of nutrient acquisition reported from nutrient-limited mangrove forests may also occur in forests of greater biomass and productivity when growing along soil nutrient gradients.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-015-2178-4","usgsCitation":"Cormier, N., Twilley, R.R., Ewel, K.C., and Krauss, K.W., 2015, Fine root productivity varies along nitrogen and phosphorus gradients in high-rainfall mangrove forests of Micronesia: Hydrobiologia, v. 750, no. 1, p. 69-87, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2178-4.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032530","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298284,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Federated States of Micronesia","otherGeospatial":"Sapwalap River, Yela River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 157.862548828125,\n 5.758105076529984\n ],\n [\n 160.8233642578125,\n 5.758105076529984\n ],\n [\n 160.8233642578125,\n 7.051830774037793\n ],\n [\n 157.862548828125,\n 7.051830774037793\n ],\n [\n 157.862548828125,\n 5.758105076529984\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"750","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f82cace4b02419550d99da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cormier, Nicole 0000-0003-2453-9900 cormiern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-9900","contributorId":4262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cormier","given":"Nicole","email":"cormiern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twilley, Robert R.","contributorId":34585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Twilley","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ewel, Katherine C.","contributorId":139548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ewel","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70142330,"text":"70142330 - 2015 - Unusually loud ambient noise in tidewater glacier fjords: a signal of ice melt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:07:08","indexId":"70142330","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-04T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unusually loud ambient noise in tidewater glacier fjords: a signal of ice melt","docAbstract":"In glacierized fjords, the ice-ocean boundary is a physically and biologically dynamic environment that is sensitive to both glacier flow and ocean circulation. Ocean ambient noise offers insight into processes and change at the ice-ocean boundary. Here we characterize fjord ambient noise and show that the average noise levels are louder than nearly all measured natural oceanic environments (significantly louder than sea ice and non-glacierized fjords). Icy Bay, Alaska has an annual average sound pressure level of 120 dB (re 1 μPa) with a broad peak between 1000 and 3000 Hz. Bubble formation in the water column as glacier ice melts is the noise source, with variability driven by fjord circulation patterns. Measurements from two additional fjords, in Alaska and Antarctica, support that this unusually loud ambient noise in Icy Bay is representative of glacierized fjords. These high noise levels likely alter the behavior of marine mammals.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2014GL062950","usgsCitation":"Pettit, E.C., Lee, K.M., Brann, J.P., Nystuen, J.A., Wilson, P.S., and O’Neel, S., 2015, Unusually loud ambient noise in tidewater glacier fjords: a signal of ice melt: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 7, p. 2309-2316, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062950.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2309","endPage":"2316","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062408","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl062950","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298283,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Icy Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.3947296142578,\n 60.07922860404502\n ],\n [\n -141.3947296142578,\n 60.107643864181306\n ],\n [\n -141.33773803710938,\n 60.107643864181306\n ],\n [\n -141.33773803710938,\n 60.07922860404502\n ],\n [\n -141.3947296142578,\n 60.07922860404502\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f82cb1e4b02419550d99e4","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2014gl062950","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014gl062950","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Pettit Erin Christine, Lee Kevin Michael, Brann Joel Palmer, Nystuen Jeffrey Aaron, Wilson Preston Scot, O'Neel Shad","journalName":"Geophysical Research Letters","publicationDate":"4/1/2015","auditedOn":"3/15/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pettit, Erin C.","contributorId":139557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pettit","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Kevin M.","contributorId":139558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brann, Joel P.","contributorId":139559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brann","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nystuen, Jeffrey A.","contributorId":139560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nystuen","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, Preston S.","contributorId":139561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Preston","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70142328,"text":"70142328 - 2015 - Stochastic reservoir simulation for the modeling of uncertainty in coal seam degasification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-04T10:53:51","indexId":"70142328","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-04T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stochastic reservoir simulation for the modeling of uncertainty in coal seam degasification","docAbstract":"Coal seam degasification improves coal mine safety by reducing the gas content of coal seams and also by generating added value as an energy source. Coal seam reservoir simulation is one of the most effective ways to help with these two main objectives. As in all modeling and simulation studies, how the reservoir is defined and whether observed productions can be predicted are important considerations.
\nUsing geostatistical realizations as spatial maps of different coal reservoir properties is a more realistic approach than assuming uniform properties across the field. In fact, this approach can help with simultaneous history matching of multiple wellbores to enhance the confidence in spatial models of different coal properties that are pertinent to degasification. The problem that still remains is the uncertainty in geostatistical simulations originating from the partial sampling of the seam that does not properly reflect the stochastic nature of coal property realizations. Stochastic simulations and using individual realizations, rather than E-type, make evaluation of uncertainty possible.
\nThis work is an advancement over Karacan et al. (2014) in the sense of assessing uncertainty that stems from geostatistical maps. In this work, we batched 100 individual realizations of 10 coal properties that were randomly generated to create 100 bundles and used them in 100 separate coal seam reservoir simulations for simultaneous history matching. We then evaluated the history matching errors for each bundle and defined the single set of realizations that would minimize the error for all wells. We further compared the errors with those of E-type and the average realization of the best matches. Unlike in Karacan et al. (2014), which used E-type maps and average of quantile maps, using these 100 bundles created 100 different history match results from separate simulations, and distributions of results for in-place gas quantity, for example, from which uncertainty in coal property realizations could be evaluated.
\nThe study helped to determine the realization bundle that consisted of the spatial maps of coal properties, which resulted in minimum error. In addition, it was shown that both E-type and the average of realizations that gave the best match for invidual approximated the same properties resonably. Moreover, the determined realization bundle showed that the study field initially had 151.5 million m3 (cubic meter) of gas and 1.04 million m3 water in the coal, corresponding to Q90 of the entire range of probability for gas and close to Q75 for water. In 2013, in-place fluid amounts decreased to 138.9 million m3 and 0.997 million m3 for gas and water, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.046","usgsCitation":"Karacan, C., and Olea, R., 2015, Stochastic reservoir simulation for the modeling of uncertainty in coal seam degasification: Fuel, v. 148, p. 87-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.046.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062278","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.046","text":"External Repository"},{"id":298276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.54592895507812,\n 39.00851330385611\n ],\n [\n -87.54592895507812,\n 39.089034905217474\n ],\n [\n -87.41134643554688,\n 39.089034905217474\n ],\n [\n -87.41134643554688,\n 39.00851330385611\n ],\n [\n -87.54592895507812,\n 39.00851330385611\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"148","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f82cb1e4b02419550d99e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karacan, C. Özgen 0000-0002-0947-8241","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-8241","contributorId":139554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karacan","given":"C. Özgen","affiliations":[{"id":12800,"text":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808 rolea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":1401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","email":"rolea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70136492,"text":"sir20145235 - 2015 - Simulation of groundwater flow and streamflow depletion in the Branch Brook, Merriland River, and parts of the Mousam River watersheds in southern Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-04T10:40:00","indexId":"sir20145235","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-04T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5235","title":"Simulation of groundwater flow and streamflow depletion in the Branch Brook, Merriland River, and parts of the Mousam River watersheds in southern Maine","docAbstract":"Watersheds of three streams, the Mousam River, Branch Brook, and Merriland River in southeastern Maine were investigated from 2010 through 2013 under a cooperative project between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Maine Geological Survey. The Branch Brook watershed previously had been deemed “at risk” by the Maine Geological Survey because of the proportionally large water withdrawals compared to estimates of the in-stream flow requirements for habitat protection. The primary groundwater withdrawals in the study area include a water-supply well in the headwaters of the system and three water-supply wells in the coastal plain near the downstream end of the system. A steady-state groundwater flow model was used to understand the movement of water within the system, to evaluate the water budget and the effect of groundwater withdrawals on streamflows, and to understand streamflow depletion in relation to the State of Maine’s requirements to maintain in-stream flows for habitat protection.
\nDelineation of the simulated groundwater divides compared to the surface-water divides suggests that the groundwater divides in the headwater areas do not exactly correspond to the surface-water divides. Under both pumping and non-pumping conditions, groundwater flows from the headwaters of the Branch Brook watershed into the Mousam River watershed. Pumping in the Mousam River watershed captures a small amount of groundwater from the Branch Brook basin.
\nThe cumulative effect of groundwater withdrawals on base flows in two rivers in the study area (Branch Brook and the Merriland River) was evaluated using the groundwater flow model. Streamflow depletion in the headwaters of Branch Brook was 0.12 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) for the steady-state simulation, or about 10 percent of the average base flow at that location. Downstream on Branch Brook, the total streamflow depletion from all the wells was 0.59 ft3/s, or 3 percent of the average base flow at that location. In the Merriland River downstream from the Merriland River well, the total amount of streamflow depletion was 0.6 ft3/s, or about 7 percent of the average base flow.
\nThe groundwater model was used to evaluate several different scenarios that could affect streamflow and groundwater discharging to the rivers and streams in the study area. The scenarios were (1) no pumping from the water-supply wells; (2) current pumping from the water-supply wells, but simulated drought conditions (25 percent reduction in recharge); (3) current recharge, but with increased pumping from the large water-supply wells; and (4) drought conditions and increased pumping combined.
\nSimulations of increased pumping in the water-supply wells resulted in streamflow depletion in the headwaters of Branch Brook increasing to 16 percent of the headwater base flow. Simulated increases in the pumping in the coastal plain wells increased the amount of streamflow depletion to 6 percent of the flow in Branch Brook and to 8 percent of the flow in the Merriland River. The additional stress of a drought imposed on the model (25 percent less recharge) had a substantial impact on streamflows, as expected. If the simulated drought occurred simultaneously with an increase in pumping, the base flows would be reduced 48 percent in the headwaters of Branch Brook, compared to the no-pumping scenario. Downstream in Branch Brook, the total reduction in flow would be 29 percent of the simulated base flows in the no-pumping scenario, and in the Merriland River, the reduction would be 33 percent of the base flows in the no-pumping scenario.
\nThe study evaluated two different methods of calculating in-stream flow requirements for Branch Brook and the Merriland River—a set of statewide equations used to calculate monthly median flows and the MOVE.1 record-extension technique used on site-specific streamflow measurements. The August median in-stream flow requirement in the Merriland River was calculated as 7.18 ft3/s using the statewide equations but was 3.07 ft3/s using the MOVE.1 analysis. In Branch Brook, the August median in-stream flow requirements were calculated as 20.3 ft3/s using the statewide equations and 11.8 ft3/s using the MOVE.1 analysis. In each case, using site-specific data yields an estimate of in-stream flow that is much lower than an estimate the statewide equations provide.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145235","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Maine Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, M.G., and Locke, D.B., 2015, Simulation of groundwater flow and streamflow depletion in the Branch Brook, Merriland River, and parts of the Mousam River watersheds in southern Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5235, x, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145235.","productDescription":"x, 78 p.","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057435","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145235.jpg"},{"id":298272,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5235/"},{"id":298273,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5235/pdf/sir2014-5235.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1988","country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Branch Brook, Merriland River, Mousam River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.7571029663086,\n 43.303944586803205\n ],\n [\n -70.7571029663086,\n 43.4576541092803\n ],\n [\n -70.49789428710938,\n 43.4576541092803\n ],\n [\n -70.49789428710938,\n 43.303944586803205\n ],\n [\n -70.7571029663086,\n 43.303944586803205\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f82cb0e4b02419550d99e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, Martha G. 0000-0003-3038-9400 mnielsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3038-9400","contributorId":4169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Martha","email":"mnielsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Locke, Daniel B.","contributorId":131153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Locke","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7257,"text":"Maine Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70142212,"text":"ofr20151039 - 2015 - Estimation of occupancy, breeding success, and predicted abundance of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in the Diablo Range, California, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T14:28:27","indexId":"ofr20151039","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-04T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1039","title":"Estimation of occupancy, breeding success, and predicted abundance of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in the Diablo Range, California, 2014","docAbstract":"We used a multistate occupancy sampling design to estimate occupancy, breeding success, and abundance of territorial pairs of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in the Diablo Range, California, in 2014. This method uses the spatial pattern of detections and non-detections over repeated visits to survey sites to estimate probabilities of occupancy and successful reproduction while accounting for imperfect detection of golden eagles and their young during surveys. The estimated probability of detecting territorial pairs of golden eagles and their young was less than 1 and varied with time of the breeding season, as did the probability of correctly classifying a pair’s breeding status. Imperfect detection and breeding classification led to a sizeable difference between the uncorrected, naïve estimate of the proportion of occupied sites where successful reproduction was observed (0.20) and the model-based estimate (0.30). The analysis further indicated a relatively high overall probability of landscape occupancy by pairs of golden eagles (0.67, standard error = 0.06), but that areas with the greatest occupancy and reproductive potential were patchily distributed. We documented a total of 138 territorial pairs of golden eagles during surveys completed in the 2014 breeding season, which represented about one-half of the 280 pairs we estimated to occur in the broader 5,169-square kilometer region sampled. The study results emphasize the importance of accounting for imperfect detection and spatial heterogeneity in studies of site occupancy, breeding success, and abundance of golden eagles.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151039","usgsCitation":"Wiens, J.D., Kolar, P.S., Fuller, M.R., Hunt, W.G., and Hunt, T., 2015, Estimation of occupancy, breeding success, and predicted abundance of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in the Diablo Range, California, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1039, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151039.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-061706","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298266,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151039.jpg"},{"id":298265,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1039/pdf/ofr2015-1039.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298264,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1039/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Diablo Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.39593505859376,\n 38.026458711461245\n ],\n [\n -121.431884765625,\n 36.923547681089296\n ],\n [\n -121.025390625,\n 37.14937133266766\n ],\n [\n -121.16271972656249,\n 37.49229399862877\n ],\n [\n -121.92901611328125,\n 38.06106741381199\n ],\n [\n -122.39593505859376,\n 38.026458711461245\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f82ca9e4b02419550d99d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiens, J. 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Grainger","contributorId":139544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunt","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Grainger","affiliations":[{"id":12795,"text":"The Peregrine Fund, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hunt, Teresa","contributorId":139545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunt","given":"Teresa","affiliations":[{"id":12795,"text":"The Peregrine Fund, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70175225,"text":"70175225 - 2015 - Empirical evaluation of the conceptual model underpinning a regional aquatic long-term monitoring program using causal modelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-03T12:49:34","indexId":"70175225","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-04T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirical evaluation of the conceptual model underpinning a regional aquatic long-term monitoring program using causal modelling","docAbstract":"Conceptual models are an integral facet of long-term monitoring programs. Proposed linkages between drivers, stressors, and ecological indicators are identified within the conceptual model of most mandated programs. We empirically evaluate a conceptual model developed for a regional aquatic and riparian monitoring program using causal models (i.e., Bayesian path analysis). We assess whether data gathered for regional status and trend estimation can also provide insights on why a stream may deviate from reference conditions. We target the hypothesized causal pathways for how anthropogenic drivers of road density, percent grazing, and percent forest within a catchment affect instream biological condition. We found instream temperature and fine sediments in arid sites and only fine sediments in mesic sites accounted for a significant portion of the maximum possible variation explainable in biological condition among managed sites. However, the biological significance of the direct effects of anthropogenic drivers on instream temperature and fine sediments were minimal or not detected. Consequently, there was weak to no biological support for causal pathways related to anthropogenic drivers’ impact on biological condition. With weak biological and statistical effect sizes, ignoring environmental contextual variables and covariates that explain natural heterogeneity would have resulted in no evidence of human impacts on biological integrity in some instances. For programs targeting the effects of anthropogenic activities, it is imperative to identify both land use practices and mechanisms that have led to degraded conditions (i.e., moving beyond simple status and trend estimation). Our empirical evaluation of the conceptual model underpinning the long-term monitoring program provided an opportunity for learning and, consequently, we discuss survey design elements that require modification to achieve question driven monitoring, a necessary step in the practice of adaptive monitoring. We suspect our situation is not unique and many programs may suffer from the same inferential disconnect. Commonly, the survey design is optimized for robust estimates of regional status and trend detection and not necessarily to provide statistical inferences on the causal mechanisms outlined in the conceptual model, even though these relationships are typically used to justify and promote the long-term monitoring of a chosen ecological indicator. Our application demonstrates a process for empirical evaluation of conceptual models and exemplifies the need for such interim assessments in order for programs to evolve and persist.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.10.011","usgsCitation":"Irvine, K.M., Miller, S., Al-Chokhachy, R.K., Archer, E., Roper, B.B., and Kershner, J.L., 2015, Empirical evaluation of the conceptual model underpinning a regional aquatic long-term monitoring program using causal modelling: Ecological Indicators, v. 50, p. 8-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.10.011.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053097","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Interior Columbia River Basin, Upper Missouri River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.19433593749999,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -106.2158203125,\n 38.34165619279593\n ],\n [\n -124.5849609375,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -124.62890625,\n 42.553080288955826\n ],\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -124.4091796875,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -124.18945312500001,\n 45.42929873257377\n ],\n [\n -124.1455078125,\n 46.07323062540838\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 47.338822694822\n ],\n [\n -124.93652343749999,\n 48.1367666796927\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -123.79394531249999,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 48.48748647988415\n ],\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 48.777912755501845\n ],\n [\n -123.04687499999999,\n 48.80686346108517\n ],\n [\n -123.22265625000001,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -104.19433593749999,\n 49.03786794532644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315bee4b006cb45558a79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irvine, Kathryn M. 0000-0002-6426-940X kirvine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-940X","contributorId":2218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Kathryn","email":"kirvine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Scott","contributorId":58387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Al-Chokhachy, Robert K. 0000-0002-2136-5098 ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-5098","contributorId":1674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Chokhachy","given":"Robert","email":"ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Archer, Erik","contributorId":173367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Archer","given":"Erik","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27214,"text":"U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Forest Sciences Lab, 860 North 1200 East, Logan, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roper, Brett B.","contributorId":120701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roper","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kershner, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-7093-9860 jkershner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-9860","contributorId":310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kershner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkershner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70173770,"text":"70173770 - 2015 - Effects of effects of suspended sediment on early-life stage survival of Yaqui chub, an endangered USA–Mexico borderlands cyprinid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T15:53:10","indexId":"70173770","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-04T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of effects of suspended sediment on early-life stage survival of Yaqui chub, an endangered USA–Mexico borderlands cyprinid","docAbstract":"High levels of total suspended sediment (TSS) can have negative consequences on fishes, such as altering food supply, lowering food acquisition, clogging gills, and disrupting reproduction. While effects of TSS on salmonids and estuarine fish are well studied, less is known about possible negative impacts of suspended sediment on desert fishes. Several imperiled desert fishes inhabit streams and springs near the U.S.–Mexico border and are potentially threatened by increased sediment loads from borderlands activity such as livestock grazing, road building, illegal traffic, and law enforcement patrols. One such species is the Yaqui Chub Gila purpurea, a federally listed endangered cyprinid. We exposed Yaqui Chub embryos and fry (mean TL = 12.6 mm; SE = 0.42) to a range of TSS levels commonly found in one of the only streams they inhabit, Black Draw, which crosses the Arizona–Mexico border. We tested effects of 0; 300; 500; 1,000; 5,000; and 10,000 mg/L TSS loads on fry and embryos over a 5-d period in three replicate containers for each treatment. Fifty percent hatch rate (i.e., median lethal concentration, LC50) was 3,977 mg/L for embryos. The LC50 for fry (concentration at which half died) was 8,372 mg/L after 12 h of exposure; however, after 5-d exposure, LC50 leveled at 1,197 mg/L. The TL of fry did not change significantly in any treatment over the 5-d period. Suspended sediment in Black Draw reached concentrations lethal to Yaqui Chub embryo and fry during four floods in 2012. Although some desert fishes have evolved in rivers and streams subject to elevated TSS and are tolerant to high TSS concentrations, other fish species are less tolerant and may be impacted by land practices which increase erosion into stream systems. Management of critically endangered desert fishes should include considerations of the effects of increased suspended sediment.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2014.987878","usgsCitation":"Barkalow, S.L., and Bonar, S.A., 2015, Effects of effects of suspended sediment on early-life stage survival of Yaqui chub, an endangered USA–Mexico borderlands cyprinid: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, no. 2, p. 345-351, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.987878.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"351","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057199","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324267,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"144","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576bb6b3e4b07657d1a2289a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barkalow, Stephani L. Clark","contributorId":172384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barkalow","given":"Stephani","email":"","middleInitial":"L. Clark","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70154896,"text":"70154896 - 2015 - Evaluation of a five-year shoal bass conservation-stocking program in the upper Chattahoochee River, Georgia: Chapter 16","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-27T16:25:02","indexId":"70154896","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-04T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"title":"Evaluation of a five-year shoal bass conservation-stocking program in the upper Chattahoochee River, Georgia: Chapter 16","docAbstract":"This work demonstrates the utility of restoration stocking to restore an endemic species.
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False negatives in a sample inflate the number of non-detections, negatively biasing estimates of pathogen prevalence. Histological examination of tissues as a diagnostic test can be advantageous as multiple pathogens can be examined and providing important information on associated pathological changes to the host. However, it is usually less sensitive than molecular or microbiological tests for specific pathogens. Our study objectives were to 1) develop a hierarchical occupancy model to examine pathogen prevalence in spring Chinook salmonOncorhynchus tshawytscha and their distribution among host tissues 2) use the model to estimate pathogen-specific test sensitivities and infection rates, and 3) illustrate the effect of using replicate within host sampling on sample sizes required to detect a pathogen. We examined histological sections of replicate tissue samples from spring Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha collected after spawning for common pathogens seen in this population:Apophallus/echinostome metacercariae, Parvicapsula minibicornis, Nanophyetus salmincola/metacercariae, and Renibacterium salmoninarum. A hierarchical occupancy model was developed to estimate pathogen and tissue-specific test sensitivities and unbiased estimation of host- and organ-level infection rates. Model estimated sensitivities and host- and organ-level infections rates varied among pathogens and model estimated infection rate was higher than prevalence unadjusted for test sensitivity, confirming that prevalence unadjusted for test sensitivity was negatively biased. The modeling approach provided an analytical approach for using hierarchically structured pathogen detection data from lower sensitivity diagnostic tests, such as histology, to obtain unbiased pathogen prevalence estimates with associated uncertainties. Accounting for test sensitivity using within host replicate samples also required fewer individual fish to be sampled. This approach is useful for evaluating pathogen or microbe community dynamics when test sensitivity is <100%.
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