{"pageNumber":"1275","pageRowStart":"31850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40904,"records":[{"id":1008603,"text":"1008603 - 1997 - Temperature effects on stocks and stability of a phytoplankton-zooplankton model and the dependence on light and nutrients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T11:48:56","indexId":"1008603","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature effects on stocks and stability of a phytoplankton-zooplankton model and the dependence on light and nutrients","docAbstract":"<p><span>A model of a closed phytoplankton&mdash;zooplankton ecosystem was analyzed for effects of temperature on stocks and stability and the dependence of these effects on light and total nutrient concentration of the system. An analysis of the steady state equations showed that the effect of temperature on zooplankton and POM biomass was levelled when primary production is nutrient limited. Temperature increase had a generally negative effect on all biomasses at high nutrient levels due to increased maintenance costs. Nutrient limitation of net primary production is the main factor governing the effect of stocks and flows as well as the stability of the system. All components of the system, except for phytoplankton biomass, are proportional to net production and thus to the net effect of light on photosynthesis. However, temperature determines the slope of that relationship. The resilience of the system was measured by calculating the eigenvalues of the steady state. Under oligotrophic conditions, the system can be stable, but an increase in temperature can cause instability or a decrease in resilience. This conclusion is discussed in the face of recent models that take spatial heterogeneity into account and display far more stable behavior, in better agreement to empirical data. Using simulations, we found that the amplitude of fluctuations of the herbivore stock increases with temperature while the mean biomass and minimum values decrease in comparison with steady state predictions</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00033-6","usgsCitation":"Norberg, J., and DeAngelis, D., 1997, Temperature effects on stocks and stability of a phytoplankton-zooplankton model and the dependence on light and nutrients: Ecological Modelling, v. 95, p. 75-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00033-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"86","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488414,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3800(96)00033-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265842,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00033-6"}],"volume":"95","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685720","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norberg, J.","contributorId":105263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008600,"text":"1008600 - 1997 - A rop net and removable walkway used to quantitatively sample fishes over wetland surfaces in the dwarf mangrove of the Southern Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T11:23:52","indexId":"1008600","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A rop net and removable walkway used to quantitatively sample fishes over wetland surfaces in the dwarf mangrove of the Southern Everglades","docAbstract":"<p><span>We describe a 9 m</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;drop net and removable walkways designed to quantify densities of small fishes in wetland habitats with low to moderate vegetation density. The method permits the collection of small, quantitative, discrete samples in ecologically sensitive areas by combining rapid net deployment from fixed sites with the carefully contained use of the fish toxicant rotenone. This method requires very little contact with the substrate, causes minimal alteration to the habitat being sampled, samples small fishes in an unbiased manner, and allows for differential sampling of microhabitats within a wetland. When used in dwarf red mangrove (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Rhizophora mangle</i><span>) habitat in southern Everglades National Park and adjacent areas (September 1990 to March 1993), we achieved high recovery efficiencies (78&ndash;90%) for five common species &lt;110 mm in length. We captured 20,193 individuals of 26 species. The most abundant fishes were sheepshead minnow</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Cyprinodon variegatus</i><span>, goldspotted killifish</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Floridichthys carpio</i><span>, rainwater killifish</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Lucania parva</i><span>, sailfin molly</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Poecilia latipinna</i><span>, and the exotic Mayan cichlid</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Cichlasoma urophthalmus</i><span>. The 9 m</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;drop net and associated removable walkways are versatile and can be used in a variety of wetland types, including both interior and coastal wetlands with either herbaceous or woody vegetation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF03161424","usgsCitation":"Lorenz, J., McIvor, C., Powell, G., and Frederick, P.C., 1997, A rop net and removable walkway used to quantitatively sample fishes over wetland surfaces in the dwarf mangrove of the Southern Everglades: Wetlands, v. 17, p. 346-359, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161424.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"346","endPage":"359","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633dad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorenz, J.J.","contributorId":67058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIvor, C.C.","contributorId":38104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIvor","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, G.V.N.","contributorId":23894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"G.V.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frederick, P. C.","contributorId":66645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederick","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1008599,"text":"1008599 - 1997 - Source-sink dynamics and the coexistence of species on a single resource","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T11:21:23","indexId":"1008599","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3593,"text":"Theoretical Population Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source-sink dynamics and the coexistence of species on a single resource","docAbstract":"<p><span>We investigate the potential for coexistence of species that compete for a shared resource when the resource occurs in both a source area acting as a refuge and a sink area where it is used by the competing species. Our model shows that the mixing rate between the source and sink resource populations has a dramatic influence on the outcome of competition. When there is a strict sink&ndash;source dependence, so that resource renewal in the sink is entirely dependent on the source, only exploitation competition decides which species can survive at a very small mixing rate. Increasing the flow rate basically amounts to increasing the role played by interference competition. If interspecific interference is very small, compared with intraspecific interference, increasing the mixing rate allows coexistence of many species, indeed, unlimited coexistence if the species' resource exploitation efficiencies are similar enough. If interspecific interference is significant and there is a trade-off between the exploitation and interference competitive abilities of two species, it is possible to have one species replacing the other along a gradient of increasing mixing rate, with either coexistence or alternative single-species equilibria at intermediate values of the mixing rate. It is also possible to have one species always outcompeting the other, or alternative single-species stable equilibria at large mixing rates. When the strict sink&ndash;source dependence is relaxed by allowing the resource to have a partly independent renewal&ndash;loss dynamics in the sink area, the variety of possible outcomes along a gradient of mixing rate is further increased. These outcomes are often strongly sensitive to the parameters of resource dynamics and interspecific interference competition. The implications of these results for biological conservation can be profound; detailed knowledge of interspecific interactions appears to be necessary to determine the effect of any land management that alters dispersal opportunities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/tpbi.1997.1298","usgsCitation":"Loreau, M., and DeAngelis, D., 1997, Source-sink dynamics and the coexistence of species on a single resource: Theoretical Population Biology, v. 51, p. 79-93, https://doi.org/10.1006/tpbi.1997.1298.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"93","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e76d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loreau, M.","contributorId":103625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loreau","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008598,"text":"1008598 - 1997 - A simulation study of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the Unionid mussels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-17T21:31:29","indexId":"1008598","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simulation study of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the Unionid mussels","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00039-7","usgsCitation":"Lee, H., and DeAngelis, D., 1997, A simulation study of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the Unionid mussels: Ecological Modelling, v. 95, p. 171-180, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00039-7.","productDescription":"p. 171-180","startPage":"171","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479964,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3800(96)00039-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":265841,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00039-7"},{"id":132742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6452","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Hooi-Ling","contributorId":16618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Hooi-Ling","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008584,"text":"1008584 - 1997 - Modeling fish dynamics and effects of stress in a hydrologically pulsed ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-15T16:44:34.47697","indexId":"1008584","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2179,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling fish dynamics and effects of stress in a hydrologically pulsed ecosystem","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many wetlands undergo seasonal cycles in precipitation and water depth. This environmental seasonality is echoed in patterns of production of fish biomass, which, in turn, influence the phenology of other components of the food web, including wading birds. Human activities, such as drainage or other alterations of the hydrology, can exacerbate these natural cycles and result in detrimental stresses on fish production and the higher trophic levels dependent on this production. In this paper we model the seasonal pattern of fish production in a freshwater marsh, with special reference to the Everglades/Big Cypress region of southern Florida. The model illustrates the temporal pattern of production through the year, which can result in very high densities of fish at the end of a hydroperiod (period of flooding), as well as the importance of ponds and other deep depressions, both as refugia and sinks during dry periods. The model predicts that: (1) there is an effective threshold in the length of the hydroperiod that must be exceeded for high fish-population densities to be produced, (2) large, piscivorous fishes do not appear to have a major impact on smaller fishes in the marsh habitat, and (3) the recovery of small-fish populations in the marsh following a major drought may require up to a year. The last of these results is relevant to assessing anthropogenic impacts on marsh production, as these effects may increase the severity and frequency of droughts.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1008228706210","usgsCitation":"DeAngelis, D., Loftus, W., Trexler, J., and Ulanowicz, R.E., 1997, Modeling fish dynamics and effects of stress in a hydrologically pulsed ecosystem: Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery, v. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008228706210.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133013,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699937","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftus, W.F.","contributorId":29363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trexler, J.C.","contributorId":23108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trexler","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ulanowicz, Robert E.","contributorId":34879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulanowicz","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1008577,"text":"1008577 - 1997 - The interaction of spatial scale and predator-prey functional response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T10:40:10","indexId":"1008577","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The interaction of spatial scale and predator-prey functional response","docAbstract":"<p><span>Predator-prey models with a prey-dependent functional response have the property that the prey equilibrium value is determined only by predator characteristics. However, in observed natural systems (for instance, snail-periphyton interactions in streams) the equilibrium periphyton biomass has been shown experimentally to be influenced by both snail numbers and levels of available limiting nutrient in the water. Hypothesizing that the observed patchiness in periphyton in streams may be part of the explanation for the departure of behavior of the equilibrium biomasses from predictions of the prey-dependent response of the snail-periphyton system, we developed and analyzed a spatially-explicit model of periphyton in which snails were modeled as individuals in their movement and feeding, and periphyton was modeled as patches or spatial cells. Three different assumptions on snail movement were used: (1) random movement between spatial cells, (2) tracking by snails of local abundances of periphyton, and (3) delayed departure of snails from cells to reduce costs associated with movement. Of these assumptions, only the third strategy, based on an herbivore strategy of staying in one patch until local periphyton biomass concentration falls below a certain threshold amount, produced results in which both periphyton and snail biomass increased with nutrient input. Thus, if data are averaged spatially over the whole system, we expect that a ratio-dependent functional response may be observed if the herbivore behaves according to the third assumption. Both random movement and delayed cell departure had the result that spatial heterogeneity of periphyton increased with nutrient input.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00045-2","usgsCitation":"Blaine, T., and DeAngelis, D., 1997, The interaction of spatial scale and predator-prey functional response: Ecological Modelling, v. 95, no. 2-3, p. 319-328, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00045-2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"328","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3800(96)00045-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fcf95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blaine, T.W.","contributorId":87894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blaine","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008576,"text":"1008576 - 1997 - The effect of functional response on stability of a grazer population on a landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T10:35:50","indexId":"1008576","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of functional response on stability of a grazer population on a landscape","docAbstract":"<p><span>The dynamics of interacting consumer and resource populations is one of the most thoroughly studied problems of theoretical population biology. Among the key results from the study of simple mathematical models of interacting populations is that the Holling Type 2 functional response tends to be unstable for a wide range of realistic parameters. Functional responses such as Holling Type 3, which might be thought of as implicitly incorporating the existence of consumer refuges, are more stable than the Type 2. We studied consumer&mdash;resource models with these different functional responses on a landscape level by modeling grazers that can disperse across a space of patchily distributed grass resources. For certain assumptions concerning the movement of grazers on the landscape, the effect of these functional responses on stability is reversed; the Holling Type 2 functional response confers greater stability. The reason for this apparently paradoxical result is that the Holling Type 2 functional response allows grazers to graze individual grass patches to lower levels than Type 3, as the energy balance remains favorable for grazing at lower grass biomasses. However, this local overexploitation leads the grazers to be slower in reaching areas of the landscape where resource densities are higher. It decreases the likelihood that the resource will be overexploited over the whole landscape simultaneously, which results in a stronger tendency towards system stability. It appears, then, that consumer overexploitation of resources locally may contribute to lower stability.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(97)01975-3","usgsCitation":"Basset, A., DeAngelis, D., and Diffendorfer, J., 1997, The effect of functional response on stability of a grazer population on a landscape: Ecological Modelling, v. 101, p. 153-162, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(97)01975-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"162","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479939,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3800(97)01975-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265840,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(97)01975-3"}],"volume":"101","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4986","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Basset, A.D.","contributorId":86303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basset","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diffendorfer, J.E.","contributorId":28569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000829,"text":"1000829 - 1997 - Age and growth of alewives in the changing pelagia of Lake Ontario, 1978-1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-05T15:23:51","indexId":"1000829","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and growth of alewives in the changing pelagia of Lake Ontario, 1978-1992","docAbstract":"We documented the age and growth of alewives <i>Alosa pseudoharenqus</i> in Lake Ontario during 1978-1992 and determined if growth was affected by intraspecific competition for epilimnetic zooplankton, lake temperature, or demand of salmonine piscivores for prey. Ages of juvenile alewives were determined from scales during 1978-1983, and ages of juvenile and adult alewives were determined from otoliths during 1984-1992. Indices of abundance for alewives were calculated from spring bottom trawl catches in 1978-1992; zooplankton density and epilimnetic temperature were monitored at two stations during 1981-1991; and salmonine demand each year during 1978-1992 was calculated with a simulation model. Although we encountered 11-year-old alewives, few fish lived longer than 7 years, and most fish in the population were younger than 6 years. Mean sizes at ages 1, 2, and 3 in spring averaged 93 mm (5.1 g), 133 mm (17 g), and 149 mm (22 g), but from age 3 to age 8, mean size increased by only 5-7 mm and 2-3 g per year. Female alewives lived longer than male alewives and were always longer than male alewives at age 4 and older. Epilimnetic temperatures were suitable for rapid growth of juvenile alewives each year. Lake temperature had the potential to affect growth of adults but adult growth was not correlated with temperature suitability indices perhaps because temperature regimes differed among lake regions and alewives were mobile. Growth of alewives was not correlated with salmonine demand for prey. Competition for zooplankton among the two youngest alewife cohorts affected growth of age-1 alewives. Zooplankton density declined sharply in 1986, and should it decline again, growth of age-1 alewives will slow, unless numbers of age-0 alewives fall. Whether growth of age-1 fish declines or numbers of age-0 fish fall, the result of another decline in zooplankton density will be a reduction in the production of alewives needed to support piscivores.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1997)126<0112:AAGOAI>2.3.CO;2","issn":"0002-8487","usgsCitation":"O’Gorman, R., Johannsson, O.E., and Schneider, C.P., 1997, Age and growth of alewives in the changing pelagia of Lake Ontario, 1978-1992: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 126, no. 1, p. 112-126, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1997)126<0112:AAGOAI>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"112","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267053,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1997)126<0112:AAGOAI>2.3.CO;2"}],"volume":"126","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689ae0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":309543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johannsson, Ora E.","contributorId":25527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johannsson","given":"Ora","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, Clifford P.","contributorId":45251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008168,"text":"1008168 - 1997 - The intermediate disturbance hypothesis does not explain fire and diversity pattern in fynbos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-24T15:12:45.421748","indexId":"1008168","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3086,"text":"Plant Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The intermediate disturbance hypothesis does not explain fire and diversity pattern in fynbos","docAbstract":"<p><span>The intermediate disturbance hypothesis is a widely accepted generalization regarding patterns of species diversity, but may not hold true where fire is the disturbance. In the Mediterranean-climate shrublands of South Africa, called fynbos, fire is the most importance disturbance and a controlling factor in community dynamics. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis states that diversity will be highest at sites that have had an intermediate frequency of disturbance and will be lower at sites that have experienced very high or very low disturbance frequencies. Measures of diversity are sensitive to scale; therefore, we compared species richness for three fire regimes in South African mountain fynbos to test the intermediate disturbance hypothesis over different spatial scales from 1 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;to 0.1 hectares. Species diversity response to fire frequency was highly scale-dependent, but the relationship between species diversity and disturbance frequency was opposite that predicted by the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. At the largest spatial scales, species diversity was highest at the least frequently burned sites (40 years between fires) and lowest at the sites of moderate (15 to 26 years between fires) and high fire frequency (alternating four and six year fire cycle). Community heterogeneity, measured both as the slope of the species-area curve for a site and as the mean dissimilarity in species composition among subplots within a site, correlated with species diversity at the largest spatial scales. Community heterogeneity was highest at the least frequently burned sites and lowest at the sites that experienced an intermediate fire frequency.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1023/A:1009755320731","usgsCitation":"Schwilk, D., Keeley, J., and Bond, W., 1997, The intermediate disturbance hypothesis does not explain fire and diversity pattern in fynbos: Plant Ecology, v. 132, p. 77-84, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009755320731.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"84","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132519,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"South Africa","otherGeospatial":"Hottentot’s Holland Nature Reserve, Western Cape Province","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              18.92739199418034,\n              -33.918510813462774\n            ],\n            [\n              18.92739199418034,\n              -34.11584203606766\n            ],\n            [\n              19.11026364419081,\n              -34.11584203606766\n            ],\n            [\n              19.11026364419081,\n              -33.918510813462774\n            ],\n            [\n              18.92739199418034,\n              -33.918510813462774\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"132","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d4dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwilk, D.W.","contributorId":29770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwilk","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bond, W.","contributorId":99097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1003840,"text":"1003840 - 1997 - Avian cholera in ospreys: first occurrence and possible mode of transmission","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-10T17:55:57","indexId":"1003840","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian cholera in ospreys: first occurrence and possible mode of transmission","docAbstract":"<p>In 1994, six Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) were recovered during the later stages of an epizootic of avian cholera (Pasteurella multocida) in diving ducks and seabirds on Chesapeake Bay in Maryland and Virginia. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from four Ospreys submitted for bacterial examination. This is believed to be the first report of avian cholera in Ospreys. The same isolate, serotype 3,4, was isolated from the Ospreys, diving ducks,and seabirds collected during the epizootic. Possible modes of transmission of avian cholera in Ospreys were either the ingestion of sick waterfowl or use of infected carcasses or bones as nest material.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hindman, L., Harvey, W., Costanzo, G., Converse, K.A., and Stein, G., 1997, Avian cholera in ospreys: first occurrence and possible mode of transmission: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 68, no. 4, p. 503-508.","productDescription":"p. 503-508","startPage":"503","endPage":"508","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15208,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v068n04/p0503-p0508.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"2760.000000000000000"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.7562255859375,\n              39.60992025700077\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.95947265625,\n              39.317300373271024\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.992431640625,\n              39.00211029922512\n            ],\n            [\n  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           39.60992025700077\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64afa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hindman, L.J.","contributorId":33288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hindman","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, W.F. IV","contributorId":95030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"W.F.","suffix":"IV","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Costanzo, G.R.","contributorId":17960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costanzo","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Converse, K. A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stein, George Jr.","contributorId":34089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stein","given":"George","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1000738,"text":"1000738 - 1997 - Gillnet selectivity for lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) in Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-07T13:04:37","indexId":"1000738","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gillnet selectivity for lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) in Lake Superior","docAbstract":"<p>Gillnet selectivity for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) was estimated indirectly from catches in nets of 102-, 114-, 127-, 140-, and 152-mm stretch measure. Mesh selectivity was modeled as a nonlinear response surface that describes changes in the mean, standard deviation, and skewness of fish lengths across mesh sizes. Gillnet selectivity for lake trout was described by five parameters that explained 88% of the variation in wedged and entangled catches, 81% of the variation in wedged catches, and 82% of the variation in entangled catches. Combined catches of wedged and entangled lake trout were therefore described more parsimoniously than separate catches of wedged and entangled lake trout. Peak selectivity of wedged and entangled fish increased from 588 to 663 mm total length as mesh size increased from 102 to 152 mm, and relative selectivity peaked at a total length of 638 mm. The estimated lake trout population size-frequency indicated that gillnet catches were negatively biased toward both small and large lake trout. As a consequence of this bias, survival of Lake Superior lake trout across ages 9-11 was underestimated by about 20% when the catch curve was not adjusted for gillnet selectivity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f97-156","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M.J., Madenjian, C.P., Selgeby, J.H., and Helser, T., 1997, Gillnet selectivity for lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) in Lake Superior: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 54, no. 11, p. 2483-2490, https://doi.org/10.1139/f97-156.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2483","endPage":"2490","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679ddd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Selgeby, James H.","contributorId":89828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selgeby","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Helser, Thomas E.","contributorId":27411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helser","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1000721,"text":"1000721 - 1997 - Modeling changes in growth and diet on polychlorinated  biphenyl bioaccumulation in Coregonus hoyi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-07T13:19:10","indexId":"1000721","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling changes in growth and diet on polychlorinated  biphenyl bioaccumulation in Coregonus hoyi","docAbstract":"<p><span>Restrictions on the release of PCBs into the environment began in the early 1970s, resulting in reduced PCB concentrations in Lake Michigan bloaters (</span><i>Coregonus hoyi</i><span>). However, since 1980, PCB concentrations in bloater have declined only slightly. The bloater population also increased 40-fold during 1970 through 1984, resulting in a diet shift and a density-dependent decline in growth. Our goal was to determine how these changes in diet and growth may have affected PCB accumulation in Lake Michigan bloater. We evaluated the consequences of these two changes on bloater PCB concentrations by developing a bioenergetics-based PCB bioaccumulation model. Bloater PCB concentrations increased little when we increased the amount of&nbsp;</span><i>Diporeia hoyi,</i><span>&nbsp;the most contaminated prey, in the bloater diet. By comparing constant growth (similar to those of the 1970s) to observed decline in growth rates, we found that lower growth rates during the 1980s placed older, more contaminated bloaters in the size range most vulnerable to predators and in the size range sampled by PCB monitoring programs. Bloater PCB concentration trends may be influenced by the sampling methodology of the United States Geological Survey. If fish PCB trends are to be used as an indicator of system-level PCB trends, sampling should include a representative sample of fish of known age from the population.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0981:MCIGAD]2.0.CO;2","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Eby, L., Stow, C., Hesselberg, R., and Kitchell, J., 1997, Modeling changes in growth and diet on polychlorinated  biphenyl bioaccumulation in Coregonus hoyi: Ecological Applications, v. 7, no. 3, p. 981-990, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0981:MCIGAD]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"981","endPage":"990","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69950a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eby, L.A.","contributorId":57018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eby","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stow, C.A.","contributorId":99935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stow","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hesselberg, R.J.","contributorId":72339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hesselberg","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kitchell, J.F.","contributorId":33259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchell","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1000709,"text":"1000709 - 1997 - In situ relations of target strength to fish size for Great Lakes pelagic planktivores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-11T09:41:07","indexId":"1000709","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ relations of target strength to fish size for Great Lakes pelagic planktivores","docAbstract":"<p><span>We found mean target strength to be a reliable in situ predictor of fish weight, which allows direct estimation of the pelagic planktivore fish biomass from target strength measurements. Fish were collected by midwater trawling concurrent with target strength measurements (120-kHz frequency) in Lake Michigan. The mean weight of fish caught ranged from 2 to 71 g and mean target strength ranged from &ndash;54.9 to &ndash;38.0 decibels. Changes in mean target strength explained 73% of the variability in mean weight for combinations of various planktivore species, principally rainbow smelt&nbsp;</span><i>Osrnerus mordax</i><span>, bloaters&nbsp;</span><i>Coregonus hovi</i><span>, and alewives&nbsp;</span><i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i><span>. Bloaters were found to be less acoustically reflective than the other pelagic species, and a linear regression model with a classification variable was used to predict weight from target strength for bloaters and for the other species. We demonstrated that variations in the backscattering properties of different fish species must be considered to obtain accurate acoustic-based estimates of fish biomass.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1997)126<0786:ISROTS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fleischer, G.W., Argyle, R.L., and Curtis, G.L., 1997, In situ relations of target strength to fish size for Great Lakes pelagic planktivores: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 126, no. 5, p. 786-794, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1997)126<0786:ISROTS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"786","endPage":"794","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7307","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleischer, Guy W.","contributorId":89478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"Guy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Argyle, Ray L.","contributorId":9993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Argyle","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Curtis, Gary L.","contributorId":16356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000654,"text":"1000654 - 1997 - Survival rates of adult lake trout in northwestern Lake Michigan, 1983-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-07T13:32:24","indexId":"1000654","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival rates of adult lake trout in northwestern Lake Michigan, 1983-1993","docAbstract":"<p><span>The restoration of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Michigan has been an elusive goal of resource management agencies in the Great Lakes region. In this study, we estimated annual survival rates of adult lake trout from an area in northwestern Lake Michigan known as the Clay Banks refuge. We tagged and recaptured fish with gill nets during the fall spawning season (</span><i>N</i><span>&nbsp;= 12,175; 1983&ndash;1989 and 1991&ndash;1993) and with pound nets in the spring (</span><i>N</i><span>&nbsp;= 52,035; 1984&ndash;1990 and 1992&ndash;1993). We fit Cormack&ndash;Jolly&ndash;Seber models to the two sets of data. We had insufficient data to analyze annual differences in survival rates of fall-tagged fish, but we were able to estimate an overall annual survival rate of 0.67. Annual survival rates of spring-tagged fish varied between 0.53 and 0.88 and increased after 1987&ndash;1988. In addition to the mark&ndash;recapture studies, we analyzed catch rates of lake trout from gill-net and pound-net surveys to estimate survival rates using catch curve analyses; these annual rates were generally lower than those estimated from mark&ndash;recapture analyses of tagged fish. However, survival rates of lake trout from the Clay Banks refuge appeared to meet the minimum rate believed necessary for restoration of this species in Lake Michigan. Furthermore, adult survival rates have been increasing in recent years, and lake trout restoration in Lake Michigan is not hampered by low survival of adult fish. We hypothesize that the recent decrease in abundance of adult lake trout is primarily due to decreases in survival rates of lake trout younger than 6 years.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1997)017<0413:SROALT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fabrizio, M.C., Holey, M.E., McKee, P.C., and Toneys, M.L., 1997, Survival rates of adult lake trout in northwestern Lake Michigan, 1983-1993: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 17, no. 2, p. 413-428, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1997)017<0413:SROALT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"428","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688149","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fabrizio, Mary C.","contributorId":77471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabrizio","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holey, Mark E.","contributorId":13174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holey","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKee, Patrick C.","contributorId":32118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Toneys, Michael L.","contributorId":27827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toneys","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019512,"text":"70019512 - 1997 - Crustal implications of bedrock geology along the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT) in the Brooks Range, northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T14:45:49.183847","indexId":"70019512","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal implications of bedrock geology along the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT) in the Brooks Range, northern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Geologic mapping of the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT) project along the Dalton Highway in northern Alaska indicates that the Endicott Mountains allochthon and the Hammond terrane compose a combined allochthon that was thrust northward at least 90 km in the Early Cretaceous. The basal thrust of the combined allochthon climbs up section in the hanging wall from a ductile shear zone in the south through lower Paleozoic rocks of the Hammond terrane and into Upper Devonian rocks of the Endicott Mountains allochthon at the Mount Doonerak antiform, culminating in Early Cretaceous shale in the northern foothills of the Brooks Range. Footwall rocks north of the Mount Doonerak antiform are everywhere parautochthonous Permian and Triassic shale of the North Slope terrane rather than Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous strata of the Colville Basin as shown in most other tectonic models of the central Brooks Range. Stratigraphic and structural relations suggest that this thrust was the basal detachment for Early Cretaceous deformation. Younger structures, such as the Tertiary Mount Doonerak antiform, deform the Early Cretaceous structures and are cored by thrusts that root at a depth of about 10 to 30 km along a deeper detachment than the Early Cretaceous detachment. The Brooks Range, therefore, exposes (1) an Early Cretaceous thin-skinned deformational belt developed during arc-continent collision and (2) a mainly Tertiary thick-skinned orogen that is probabty the northward continuation of the Rocky Mountains orogenic belt. A down-to-the-south zone of both ductile and brittle normal faulting along the southern margin of the Brooks Range probably formed in the mid-Cretaceous by extensional exhumation of the Early Cretaceous contractional deformation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB03733","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Moore, T., Wallace, W.K., Mull, C.G., Adams, K., Plafker, G., and Nokleberg, W., 1997, Crustal implications of bedrock geology along the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT) in the Brooks Range, northern Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B9, p. 20645-20684, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB03733.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"20645","endPage":"20684","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489043,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/96jb03733","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226382,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcdfe4b0c8380cd4e49d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":85592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallace, W. K.","contributorId":31781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mull, C. G.","contributorId":40220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, K.E.","contributorId":9410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Plafker, George 0000-0003-3972-0390","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3972-0390","contributorId":36603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nokleberg, W. J. 0000-0002-1574-8869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":68312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70019743,"text":"70019743 - 1997 - Persistence rates and detection probabilities of oiled king eider carcasses on St Paul Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-13T12:40:00","indexId":"70019743","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence rates and detection probabilities of oiled king eider carcasses on St Paul Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"Following an oil spill off St Paul Island, Alaska in February 1996, persistence rates and detection probabilities of oiled king eider (Somateria spectabilis) carcasses were estimated using the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model. Carcass persistence rates varied by day, beach type and sex, while detection probabilities varied by day and beach type. Scavenging, wave action and weather influenced carcass persistence. The patterns of persistence differed on rock and sand beaches and female carcasses had a different persistence function than males. Weather, primarily snow storms, and degree of carcass scavenging, diminished carcass detectability. Detection probabilities on rock beaches were lower and more variable than on sand beaches. The combination of persistence rates and detection probabilities can be used to improve techniques of estimating total mortality.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-326X(96)00153-1","issn":"0025326X","usgsCitation":"Fowler, A.C., and Flint, P.L., 1997, Persistence rates and detection probabilities of oiled king eider carcasses on St Paul Island, Alaska: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 34, no. 7, p. 522-526, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(96)00153-1.","startPage":"522","endPage":"526","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206047,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(96)00153-1"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76f2e4b0c8380cd783aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fowler, A. C.","contributorId":95836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019742,"text":"70019742 - 1997 - Microorganisms as tracers in groundwater injection and recovery experiments: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T16:26:42","indexId":"70019742","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1621,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microorganisms as tracers in groundwater injection and recovery experiments: A review","docAbstract":"Modern day injection and recovery techniques designed to examine the transport behavior of microorganisms in groundwater have evolved from experiments conducted in the late 1800s, in which bacteria that form red or yellow pigments were used to trace flow paths through karst and fractured- rock aquifers. A number of subsequent groundwater hydrology studies employed bacteriophage that can be injected into aquifers at very high concentrations (e g., 1013 phage ml-1) and monitored through many log units of dilution to follow groundwater flow paths for great distances, particularly in karst terrain. Starting in the 1930s, microbial indicators of fecal contamination (particularly coliform bacteria and their coliphages) were employed as tracers to determine potential migration of pathogens in groundwater. Several injection and recovery experiments performed in the 1990s employed indigenous groundwater microorganisms (both cultured and uncultured) that are better able to survive under in situ conditions. Better methods for labeling native bacteria (e.g by stable isotope labeling or inserting genetic markers; such as the ability to cause ice nucleation) are being developed that will not compromise the organisms' viability during the experimental time course.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford","doi":"10.1016/S0168-6445(97)00026-0","issn":"01686445","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R., 1997, Microorganisms as tracers in groundwater injection and recovery experiments: A review: FEMS Microbiology Reviews, v. 20, no. 3-4, p. 461-472, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6445(97)00026-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"461","endPage":"472","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479976,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-6445(97)00026-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206046,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6445(97)00026-0"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a568be4b0c8380cd6d67a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019736,"text":"70019736 - 1997 - Effects of unsaturated zone on aquifer test analysis in a shallow-aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-08T01:11:57.663466","indexId":"70019736","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of unsaturated zone on aquifer test analysis in a shallow-aquifer system","docAbstract":"<p>A comparison between two hypothetical flow models of an unconfined aquifer, one saturated and the other variably saturated, indicates that the variably saturated model which explicitly models drainage from the unsaturated zone provides a better conceptual framework for analyzing unconfined aquifer test data and better estimates of the lateral and vertical hydraulic conductivity in fine-grained sands. Explicitly accounting for multiple aquifers, well-bore storage, and the effects of delayed drainage from the unsaturated zone increases confidence in aquifer property estimates by removing some assumptions and allowing for the inclusion of early time data and water-table observations in an aquifer test analysis. The inclusion of the unsaturated zone expands the number of parameters to be estimated, but reasonable estimates of lateral and vertical hydraulic conductivity and specific storage of the unconfined aquifer can be obtained. For the cases examined, only the van Genuchten parameter a needed to be determined by the test, because the parameters n and 9r had a minimal effect on the estimates of hydraulic conductivities, and literature values could be used for these parameters. Estimates of lateral and vertical hydraulic conductivity using MODFLOW were not as good as the VS2DT based estimates and differed from the known values by as much as 30 percent.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00112.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Halford, K.J., 1997, Effects of unsaturated zone on aquifer test analysis in a shallow-aquifer system: Groundwater, v. 35, no. 3, p. 512-522, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00112.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"512","endPage":"522","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227931,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a081ce4b0c8380cd519a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halford, K. J. 0000-0002-7322-1846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":61077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020314,"text":"70020314 - 1997 - Scale and modeling issues in water resources planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70020314","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scale and modeling issues in water resources planning","docAbstract":"Resource planners and managers interested in utilizing climate model output as part of their operational activities immediately confront the dilemma of scale discordance. Their functional responsibilities cover relatively small geographical areas and necessarily require data of relatively high spatial resolution. Climate models cover a large geographical, i.e. global, domain and produce data at comparatively low spatial resolution. Although the scale differences between model output and planning input are large, several techniques have been developed for disaggregating climate model output to a scale appropriate for use in water resource planning and management applications. With techniques in hand to reduce the limitations imposed by scale discordance, water resource professionals must now confront a more fundamental constraint on the use of climate models-the inability to produce accurate representations and forecasts of regional climate. Given the current capabilities of climate models, and the likelihood that the uncertainty associated with long-term climate model forecasts will remain high for some years to come, the water resources planning community may find it impractical to utilize such forecasts operationally.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1005357530360","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Lins, H., Wolock, D., and McCabe, G., 1997, Scale and modeling issues in water resources planning: Climatic Change, v. 37, no. 1, p. 63-88, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005357530360.","startPage":"63","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206935,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005357530360"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8706e4b08c986b31626c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lins, H.F.","contributorId":81508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"H.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019732,"text":"70019732 - 1997 - Multiphase flow modeling of a crude-oil spill site with a bimodal permeability distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T05:48:05","indexId":"70019732","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiphase flow modeling of a crude-oil spill site with a bimodal permeability distribution","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fluid saturation, particle-size distribution, and porosity measurements were obtained from 269 core samples collected from six boreholes along a 90-m transect at a subregion of a crude-oil spill site, the north pool, near Bemidji, Minnesota. The oil saturation data, collected 11 years after the spill, showed an irregularly shaped oil body that appeared to be affected by sediment spatial variability. The particle-size distribution data were used to estimate the permeability (</span><i>k</i><span>) and retention curves for each sample. An additional 344<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>k</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>estimates were obtained from samples previously collected at the north pool. The 613<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>k</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>estimates were distributed bimodal lognormally with the two population distributions corresponding to the two predominant lithologies: a coarse glacial outwash deposit and fine-grained interbedded lenses. A two-step geostatistical approach was used to generate a conditioned realization of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>k</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>representing the bimodal heterogeneity. A cross-sectional multiphase flow model was used to simulate the flow of oil and water in the presence of air along the north pool transect for an 11-year period. The inclusion of a representation of the bimodal aquifer heterogeneity was crucial for reproduction of general features of the observed oil body. If the bimodal heterogeneity was characterized, hysteresis did not have to be incorporated into the model because a hysteretic effect was produced by the sediment spatial variability. By revising the relative permeability functional relation, an improved reproduction of the observed oil saturation distribution was achieved. The inclusion of water table fluctuations in the model did not significantly affect the simulated oil saturation distribution.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97WR00857","usgsCitation":"Dillard, L.A., Essaid, H.I., and Herkelrath, W.N., 1997, Multiphase flow modeling of a crude-oil spill site with a bimodal permeability distribution: Water Resources Research, v. 33, no. 7, p. 1617-1632, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR00857.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1617","endPage":"1632","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480116,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97wr00857","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6057e4b0c8380cd713b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dillard, Leslie A.","contributorId":189405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dillard","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Essaid, Hedeff I. 0000-0003-0154-8628 hiessaid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8628","contributorId":2284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"Hedeff","email":"hiessaid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herkelrath, William N. 0000-0002-6149-5524 wnherkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-5524","contributorId":2612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkelrath","given":"William","email":"wnherkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019730,"text":"70019730 - 1997 - Evaluation of unconfined-aquifer parameters from pumping test data by nonlinear least squares","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T06:15:40","indexId":"70019730","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of unconfined-aquifer parameters from pumping test data by nonlinear least squares","docAbstract":"Nonlinear least squares (NLS) with automatic differentiation was used to estimate aquifer parameters from drawdown data obtained from published pumping tests conducted in homogeneous, water-table aquifers. The method is based on a technique that seeks to minimize the squares of residuals between observed and calculated drawdown subject to bounds that are placed on the parameter of interest. The analytical model developed by Neuman for flow to a partially penetrating well of infinitesimal diameter situated in an infinite, homogeneous and anisotropic aquifer was used to obtain calculated drawdown. NLS was first applied to synthetic drawdown data from a hypothetical but realistic aquifer to demonstrate that the relevant hydraulic parameters (storativity, specific yield, and horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity) can be evaluated accurately. Next the method was used to estimate the parameters at three field sites with widely varying hydraulic properties. NLS produced unbiased estimates of the aquifer parameters that are close to the estimates obtained with the same data using a visual curve-matching approach. Small differences in the estimates are a consequence of subjective interpretation introduced in the visual approach.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03101-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Heidari, M., and Moench, A., 1997, Evaluation of unconfined-aquifer parameters from pumping test data by nonlinear least squares: Journal of Hydrology, v. 192, no. 1-4, p. 300-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03101-0.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"300","endPage":"313","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205998,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03101-0"}],"volume":"192","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d02e4b0c8380cd52dac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heidari, M.","contributorId":26430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heidari","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moench, A.","contributorId":12638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019729,"text":"70019729 - 1997 - Paleochemistry of Lakes Agassiz and Manitoba based on ostracodes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T20:58:43.030181","indexId":"70019729","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleochemistry of Lakes Agassiz and Manitoba based on ostracodes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ionic composition and salinity of Lake Manitoba and its late-glacial precursor, Lake Agassiz, changed significantly over the past 11 000 years. The paleochemical record reported here is based on modern analog environments of ostracodes identified in a new 14.5 m core from southern Lake Manitoba. The ionic composition of Lake Manitoba today is dominated by Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>, Cl</span><sup>−</sup><span>, and HC0</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>, with much less Ca</span><sup>2+</sup><span>, Mg</span><sup>2+</sup><span>, and K</span><sup>+</sup><span>. Evaporative concentration of modern Lake Manitoba water would lead to greater salinity and the near depletion of Ca</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;due to continued precipitation of calcite. During periods of highest salinity in the Holocene, however, Lake Manitoba supported&nbsp;</span><i>Limnocythere staplini</i><span>. Today this species inhabits waters in which [Ca</span><sup>2+</sup><span>] &gt; [HCO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>], including springs associated with groundwater in Paleozoic bedrock discharging into Lake Winnipegosis (and eventually, after much dilution, into Lake Manitoba). Further complicating the Holocene record are intervals containing&nbsp;</span><i>Limnocythere friabilis</i><span>&nbsp;that suggest periodic influxes of dilute water, probably from the Assiniboine River, which bypasses Lake Manitoba today. The variations in Holocene paleochemistry indicated by the ostracode record imply changes in the proportion of overland flow plus precipitation relative to groundwater inputs to Lake Manitoba, independent of changes in evaporation relative to precipitation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e17-056","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Curry, B.B., 1997, Paleochemistry of Lakes Agassiz and Manitoba based on ostracodes: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 34, no. 5, p. 699-708, https://doi.org/10.1139/e17-056.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"699","endPage":"708","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227804,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Manitoba","otherGeospatial":"Lake Agassiz, Lake Manitoba","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      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Brandon","contributorId":104224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curry","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brandon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019728,"text":"70019728 - 1997 - Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: Global seismicity, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-22T15:38:06","indexId":"70019728","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: Global seismicity, 1995","docAbstract":"Moment-tensor solutions, estimated using optimal filter theory, are listed for 241 moderate-to-large size earthquakes that occurred during 1995. ?? 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0031-9201(96)03266-9","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Sipkin, S., and Zirbes, M., 1997, Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: Global seismicity, 1995: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 101, no. 3-4, p. 291-301, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9201(96)03266-9.","startPage":"291","endPage":"301","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266261,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9201(96)03266-9"}],"volume":"101","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d40e4b0c8380cd70260","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sipkin, S.A.","contributorId":9399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sipkin","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zirbes, M.D.","contributorId":27620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zirbes","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020321,"text":"70020321 - 1997 - Forecasting drought risks for a water supply storage system using bootstrap position analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70020321","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Forecasting drought risks for a water supply storage system using bootstrap position analysis","docAbstract":"Forecasting the likelihood of drought conditions is an integral part of managing a water supply storage and delivery system. Position analysis uses a large number of possible flow sequences as inputs to a simulation of a water supply storage and delivery system. For a given set of operating rules and water use requirements, water managers can use such a model to forecast the likelihood of specified outcomes such as reservoir levels falling below a specified level or streamflows falling below statutory passing flows a few months ahead conditioned on the current reservoir levels and streamflows. The large number of possible flow sequences are generated using a stochastic streamflow model with a random resampling of innovations. The advantages of this resampling scheme, called bootstrap position analysis, are that it does not rely on the unverifiable assumption of normality and it allows incorporation of long-range weather forecasts into the analysis.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Congress of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, IAHR","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 27th Congress of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, IAHR. Part C","conferenceDate":"10 August 1997 through 15 August 1997","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Tasker, G., and Dunne, P., 1997, Forecasting drought risks for a water supply storage system using bootstrap position analysis, <i>in</i> Proceedings, Congress of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, IAHR, v. A, San Francisco, CA, USA, 10 August 1997 through 15 August 1997, p. 645-650.","startPage":"645","endPage":"650","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1316e4b0c8380cd544ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tasker, Gary","contributorId":78617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunne, Paul","contributorId":86794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019718,"text":"70019718 - 1997 - Radar and photoclinometric studies of wrinkle ridges on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-31T15:40:56.319655","indexId":"70019718","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radar and photoclinometric studies of wrinkle ridges on Mars","docAbstract":"<p><span>Earth-based radar altimetry and image derived photoclinometric profiles were analyzed to examine both the long- and short-wavelength topography associated with wrinkle ridges on Mars. Photoclinometrically derived elevation data across wrinkle ridges were evaluated to determine the sensitivity of profiles to two empirical photoclinometric parameters, the horizontal digital number (HDN) and the scattered light value (SLV). The photoclinometric profiles are extremely sensitive to small variations in HDN. The sense of slope of a profile can be completely reversed over a range in HDN of as little as ±1. Comparably small variations in the SLV have relatively minor effects on the photoclinometrically derived elevations. The existence of elevation offsets from one side of the ridge to the other, reported in previous photoclinometric studies of martian wrinkles, were not confirmed through photoclinometry. In addition, no evidence of elevation offsets were found in Earth-based radar altimetry profiles across wrinkle ridges. In order to more accurately model wrinkle ridge topography, we controlled photoclinometrically derived elevations with long-wavelength topography obtained from the radar altimetry. The results of this study do not support kinematic models for the origin of planetary wrinkle ridges that involve deeply rooted thrust faults which separate crustal blocks at different elevations. A kinematic model involving buckling of shallow crustal layers into concentric folds that close, leading to the development of thrust faults, is consistent with wrinkle ridge morphology and terrestrial analogs. Recent geophysical studies of terrestrial analogs and the influence of shallow subsurface structures, particularly buried craters, on the localization of many wrinkle ridges on Mars suggest that thrust faults associated with the ridges are confined to the ridged plains material and do not extend into the lithosphere.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JE00411","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Watters, T.R., and Robinson, M., 1997, Radar and photoclinometric studies of wrinkle ridges on Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 102, no. E5, p. 10889-10903, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JE00411.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"10889","endPage":"10903","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479968,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97je00411","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227682,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"102","issue":"E5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a937de4b0c8380cd80e57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watters, T. R.","contributorId":83590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watters","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, M.S.","contributorId":34934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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