Managers of large river basins face conflicting needs for water resources such as wildlife habitat, water supply, wastewater assimilative capacity, flood control, hydroelectricity, and recreation. The Savannah River Basin for example, has experienced three major droughts since 2000 that resulted in record low water levels in its reservoirs, impacting local economies for years. The Savannah River Basin’s coastal area contains municipal water intakes and the ecologically sensitive freshwater tidal marshes of the Savannah National Wildlife Refuge. The Port of Savannah is the fourth busiest in the United States, and modifications to the harbor have caused saltwater to migrate upstream, reducing the freshwater marsh’s acreage more than 50 percent since the 1970s. There is a planned deepening of the harbor that includes flow-alteration features to minimize further migration of salinity. The effectiveness of the flow-alteration features will only be known after they are constructed.
\nOne of the challenges of basin management is the optimization of water use through ongoing regional economic development, droughts, and climate change. This paper describes a model of the Savannah River Basin designed to continuously optimize regulated flow to meet prioritized objectives set by resource managers and stakeholders. The model was developed from historical data by using machine learning, making it more accurate and adaptable to changing conditions than traditional models. The model is coupled to an optimization routine that computes the daily flow needed to most efficiently meet the water-resource management objectives. The model and optimization routine are packaged in a decision support system that makes it easy for managers and stakeholders to use. Simulation results show that flow can be regulated to substantially reduce salinity intrusions in the Savannah National Wildlife Refuge while conserving more water in the reservoirs. A method for using the model to assess the effectiveness of the flow-alteration features after the deepening also is demonstrated.
","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2014 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceTitle":"2014 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"October 15-16, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Columbia, SC","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Roehl, E.A., and Conrads, P., 2014, Optimally managing water resources in large river basins for an uncertain future, in Proceedings of the 2014 South Carolina Water Resources Conference, Columbia, SC, October 15-16, 2014, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065989","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":300918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/scwrc/2014/2014policy/3/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"lower Savannah River, Savannah National Wildlife Refuge, Savannah River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.90057373046875,\n 32.0383483283312\n ],\n [\n -80.9033203125,\n 32.02146689475617\n ],\n [\n -81.02005004882812,\n 32.088392208449804\n ],\n [\n -81.05369567871094,\n 32.07850198496867\n ],\n [\n -81.07635498046875,\n 32.07850198496867\n ],\n [\n -81.12579345703125,\n 32.10758782193262\n ],\n [\n -81.15669250488281,\n 32.156431175120495\n ],\n [\n -81.15669250488281,\n 32.22151494505975\n ],\n [\n -81.18175506591797,\n 32.25491040237429\n ],\n [\n -81.13849639892578,\n 32.33123819794542\n ],\n [\n -81.11858367919922,\n 32.32427558887655\n ],\n [\n -81.11858367919922,\n 32.28568142693891\n ],\n [\n -81.14433288574219,\n 32.21919132617101\n ],\n [\n -81.11686706542967,\n 32.19537080888963\n ],\n [\n -81.1117172241211,\n 32.149455154523984\n ],\n [\n -81.07086181640625,\n 32.09799051942507\n ],\n [\n -81.00288391113281,\n 32.103225536729\n ],\n [\n -80.90057373046875,\n 32.0383483283312\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55698dede4b0d9246a9f64af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roehl, Edwin A. Jr.","contributorId":108083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roehl","given":"Edwin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70141779,"text":"70141779 - 2014 - Influence of fuels, weather and the built environment on the exposure of property to wildfire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-20T16:17:06","indexId":"70141779","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of fuels, weather and the built environment on the exposure of property to wildfire","docAbstract":"Wildfires can pose a significant risk to people and property. Billions of dollars are spent investing in fire management actions in an attempt to reduce the risk of loss. One of the key areas where money is spent is through fuel treatment – either fuel reduction (prescribed fire) or fuel removal (fuel breaks). Individual treatments can influence fire size and the maximum distance travelled from the ignition and presumably risk, but few studies have examined the landscape level effectiveness of these treatments. Here we use a Bayesian Network model to examine the relative influence of the built and natural environment, weather, fuel and fuel treatments in determining the risk posed from wildfire to the wildland-urban interface. Fire size and distance travelled was influenced most strongly by weather, with exposure to fires most sensitive to changes in the built environment and fire parameters. Natural environment variables and fuel load all had minor influences on fire size, distance travelled and exposure of assets. These results suggest that management of fuels provided minimal reductions in risk to assets and adequate planning of the changes in the built environment to cope with the expansion of human populations is going to be vital for managing risk from fire under future climates.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS One","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0111414","usgsCitation":"Penman, T.D., Collins, L.S., Syphard, A.D., Keeley, J.E., and Bradstock, R.A., 2014, Influence of fuels, weather and the built environment on the exposure of property to wildfire: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 10, e111414; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111414.","productDescription":"e111414; 9 p.","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056457","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111414","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298077,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e868bee4b02d776a67c5c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Penman, Trent D.","contributorId":139403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penman","given":"Trent","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12769,"text":"Centre for Environmental Rist Management of Bushfires, U of Wollongong, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, Luke S.","contributorId":76108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Luke","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Syphard, Alexandra D.","contributorId":8977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Syphard","given":"Alexandra","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bradstock, Ross A.","contributorId":42826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bradstock","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70138823,"text":"70138823 - 2014 - Using vertical Fourier transforms to invert potential-field data to magnetization or density models in the presence of topography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-03T16:30:57","indexId":"70138823","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using vertical Fourier transforms to invert potential-field data to magnetization or density models in the presence of topography","docAbstract":"A physical property inversion approach based on the use of 3D (or 2D) Fourier transforms to calculate the potential-field within a 3D (or 2D) volume from a known physical property distribution within the volume is described. Topographic surfaces and observations at arbitrary locations are easily accommodated. The limitations of the approach and applications to real data are considered.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2014 Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2014 SEG Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"October 26-31, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/segam2014-0226.1","usgsCitation":"Phillips, J., 2014, Using vertical Fourier transforms to invert potential-field data to magnetization or density models in the presence of topography, in Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2014 Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, Denver, CO, October 26-31, 2014, p. 1339-1343, https://doi.org/10.1190/segam2014-0226.1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1339","endPage":"1343","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055541","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562f4ebce4b093cee780a2b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":127453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70129749,"text":"ds889 - 2014 - Maps and geospatial data for the Shorty’s Island and Myrtle Bend substrate enhancement pilot projects, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-06T09:11:11","indexId":"ds889","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-30T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"889","title":"Maps and geospatial data for the Shorty’s Island and Myrtle Bend substrate enhancement pilot projects, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho, 2014","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, conducted a study to characterize the physical habitat occupied by Kootenai River white sturgeon during spawning and early-life phases. The objective was to gain a better understanding of spawning behavior, site selection, and type of habitat used during egg incubation in two sub-reaches of the Kootenai River. Habitat characterizations generated by this study will assist in the design of a substrate enhancement pilot project.
\n\n
This report presents the methods used to develop georeferenced portable document format maps and geospatial data that describe spawning locations and physical habitat characteristics (including egg mat locations, bathymetry, surficial sediment facies, and streamflow velocity) within the substrate enhancement pilot project study area. The results are presented as two maps illustrating the physical habitat characteristics along with proposed habitat enhancement areas, aerial imagery, and hydrography. The results of this study will assist researchers, policy makers, and management agencies in deciding the spatial location and extent of the substrate enhancement pilot project.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds889","issn":"2327-638X","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Fish and Game","usgsCitation":"Fosness, R.L., 2014, Maps and geospatial data for the Shorty’s Island and Myrtle Bend substrate enhancement pilot projects, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 889, Report: iv, 9 p.; 2 Plates: 22.75 x 29.0 inches; GIS Datasets, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds889.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 9 p.; 2 Plates: 22.75 x 29.0 inches; GIS Datasets","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056774","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds889.PNG"},{"id":295756,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0889/"},{"id":295763,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0889/ds889_gis.html"},{"id":295764,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0889/pdf/ds889.pdf","size":"565 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":295759,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0889/downloads/ds889_plate1.pdf","size":"19.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":295760,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0889/downloads/ds889_plate2.pdf","size":"16.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1500","projection":"Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Kootenai River, Myrtle Bend, Shorty's Island","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5454a49ae4b0dc7793747c82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fosness, Ryan L. 0000-0003-4089-2704 rfosness@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-2704","contributorId":2703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosness","given":"Ryan","email":"rfosness@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70114625,"text":"ds865 - 2014 - Groundwater-quality data in the North San Francisco Bay Shallow Aquifer study unit, 2012: results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-07T09:59:51","indexId":"ds865","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-30T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"865","title":"Groundwater-quality data in the North San Francisco Bay Shallow Aquifer study unit, 2012: results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the 1,850-square-mile North San Francisco Bay Shallow Aquifer (NSF-SA) study unit was investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from April to August 2012, as part of the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program’s Priority Basin Project (PBP). The GAMA-PBP was developed in response to the California Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 and is being conducted in collaboration with the SWRCB and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The NSF-SA study unit was the first study unit to be sampled as part of the second phase of the GAMA-PBP, which focuses on the shallow aquifer system.
\n\n
The GAMA NSF-SA study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of untreated-groundwater quality in the shallow aquifer systems and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of untreated-groundwater quality throughout California. The shallow aquifer system in the NSF-SA study unit was defined as the part of the aquifer system that is used by many private domestic wells and is shallower than the primary aquifer system used by many public-supply wells.
\n\n
In the NSF-SA study unit located in Marin, Mendocino, Napa, Solano, and Sonoma Counties, groundwater samples were collected from 71 wells. Seventy of the wells were selected by using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study unit (grid wells), and one well was selected to aid in evaluation of water-quality issues (understanding well).
\n\n
The groundwater samples were analyzed for organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOCs], pesticides, and pesticide degradates); constituents of special interest (perchlorate and 1,2,3-trichloropropane [1,2,3-TCP]); naturally occurring inorganic constituents (trace elements, nutrients, major and minor ions, silica, and total dissolved solids [TDS]); and radioactive constituents (radon-222 and gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity). Naturally occurring isotopes (stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, boron, strontium, and inorganic carbon in water, tritium activities, and carbon-14 abundances) were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled groundwater. In total, 207 constituents and water-quality indicators were measured.
\n\n
Three types of quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and matrix spikes) were collected at up to 13 percent of the wells in the NSF-SA study unit, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the groundwater samples. Blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination from sample-collection procedures was not a significant source of bias in the data for the groundwater samples. Replicate samples generally were within the limits of acceptable analytical reproducibility. Matrix-spike recoveries were within the acceptable range (70 to 130 percent) for approximately 91 percent of the compounds.
\n\n
Most of the wells sampled for this study were private domestic wells. Private domestic wells are not regulated in California, and groundwater from these wells is rarely analyzed for water-quality constituents. Although regulatory benchmarks for drinking-water quality do not apply to private domestic wells, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the untreated groundwater were compared with regulatory and non-regulatory health-based benchmarks established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and California Department of Public Health (CDPH), to non-regulatory health-based benchmarks established by the USGS in cooperation with the USEPA, and to non-regulatory benchmarks established for aesthetic concerns by the CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and benchmarks for drinking water are for illustrative purposes only and are not indicative of compliance or non-compliance with those benchmarks. Most of the organic and inorganic constituents that were detected in groundwater samples from the 70 grid wells in the NSF-SA study unit were detected at concentrations less than drinking-water benchmarks.
\n\n
Of the 149 organic and special-interest constituents analyzed for in groundwater samples, 31 were detected; concentrations of most detected constituents were less than regulatory and non-regulatory health-based benchmarks. One VOC, benzene, and one insecticide, dieldrin, were detected at concentrations above their respective health-based benchmarks. In total, VOCs were detected in 40 percent of the grid wells sampled, pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in 13 percent, and perchlorate was detected in 27 percent of the 70 grid wells sampled.
\n\n
Groundwater samples from 70 grid wells were analyzed for trace elements, major and minor ions, nutrients, and radioactive constituents; most detected concentrations were less than health-based benchmarks. Exceptions are 12 detections of manganese greater than the USGS Health-Based Screening Level (HBSL), 7 detections of arsenic greater than the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US) of 10 micrograms per liter (μg/L), 2 detections of boron greater than the HBSL of 6,000 μg/L, 2 detections of fluoride greater than the CDPH maximum contaminant level (MCL-CA) of 2 milligrams per liter (mg/L), 2 detections of nitrate greater than the MCL-US of 10 mg/L, and two detections of radon-222 greater than the proposed MCL-US of 4,000 picocuries per liter.
\n\n
Results for constituents with non-regulatory benchmarks set for aesthetic concerns from the grid wells showed that iron concentrations greater than the CDPH secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL-CA) of 300 μg/L were detected in 13 grid wells. Chloride was detected at a concentration greater than the SMCL-CA recommended benchmark of 250 mg/L in two grid wells. Sulfate concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA recommended benchmark of 250 mg/L were measured in two grid wells, and the concentration in one of these wells was also greater than the SMCL-CA upper benchmark of 500 mg/L. TDS concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA recommended benchmark of 500 mg/L were measured in 15 grid wells, and concentrations in 4 of these wells were also greater than the SMCL-CA upper benchmark of 1,000 mg/L.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds865","collaboration":"A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board.","usgsCitation":"Bennett, G.L., and Fram, M.S., 2014, Groundwater-quality data in the North San Francisco Bay Shallow Aquifer study unit, 2012: results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 865, x, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds865.","productDescription":"x, 94 p.","numberOfPages":"108","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-050639","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds865.jpg"},{"id":295765,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0865/pdf/ds865.pdf","size":"4.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":295758,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0865/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay Shallow Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.04687499999999,\n 38.18638677411551\n ],\n [\n -122.464599609375,\n 37.97018468810549\n ],\n [\n -121.95922851562501,\n 38.03078569382294\n ],\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 38.35888785866677\n ],\n [\n -122.51953124999999,\n 38.79690830348427\n ],\n [\n -122.947998046875,\n 38.93377552819722\n ],\n [\n -123.23364257812499,\n 38.762650338334154\n ],\n [\n -123.277587890625,\n 38.39333888832238\n ],\n [\n -123.04687499999999,\n 38.18638677411551\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"545c9bb5e4b0ba8303f709ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, George L. V V 0000-0002-6239-1604 georbenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-1604","contributorId":1373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"George","suffix":"V","email":"georbenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L. V","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70131481,"text":"70131481 - 2014 - Dual-domain mass-transfer parameters from electrical hysteresis: Theory and analytical approach applied to laboratory, synthetic streambed, and groundwater experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-05T11:58:18.201575","indexId":"70131481","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dual-domain mass-transfer parameters from electrical hysteresis: Theory and analytical approach applied to laboratory, synthetic streambed, and groundwater experiments","docAbstract":"Models of dual‐domain mass transfer (DDMT) are used to explain anomalous aquifer transport behavior such as the slow release of contamination and solute tracer tailing. Traditional tracer experiments to characterize DDMT are performed at the flow path scale (meters), which inherently incorporates heterogeneous exchange processes; hence, estimated “effective” parameters are sensitive to experimental design (i.e., duration and injection velocity). Recently, electrical geophysical methods have been used to aid in the inference of DDMT parameters because, unlike traditional fluid sampling, electrical methods can directly sense less‐mobile solute dynamics and can target specific points along subsurface flow paths. Here we propose an analytical framework for graphical parameter inference based on a simple petrophysical model explaining the hysteretic relation between measurements of bulk and fluid conductivity arising in the presence of DDMT at the local scale. Analysis is graphical and involves visual inspection of hysteresis patterns to (1) determine the size of paired mobile and less‐mobile porosities and (2) identify the exchange rate coefficient through simple curve fitting. We demonstrate the approach using laboratory column experimental data, synthetic streambed experimental data, and field tracer‐test data. Results from the analytical approach compare favorably with results from calibration of numerical models and also independent measurements of mobile and less‐mobile porosity. We show that localized electrical hysteresis patterns resulting from diffusive exchange are independent of injection velocity, indicating that repeatable parameters can be extracted under varied experimental designs, and these parameters represent the true intrinsic properties of specific volumes of porous media of aquifers and hyporheic zones.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2014WR015880","usgsCitation":"Briggs, M.A., Day-Lewis, F.D., Ong, J.B., Harvey, J.W., and Lane, J.W., 2014, Dual-domain mass-transfer parameters from electrical hysteresis: Theory and analytical approach applied to laboratory, synthetic streambed, and groundwater experiments: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 10, p. 8281-8299, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015880.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"8281","endPage":"8299","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059884","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015880","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296079,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d632e4b04d4b7dbd65c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ong, John B. jbong@usgs.gov","contributorId":5190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ong","given":"John","email":"jbong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":521238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70148017,"text":"70148017 - 2014 - Lessons from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill: A biological perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-14T13:24:59","indexId":"70148017","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Lessons from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill: A biological perspective","docAbstract":"On March 24, 1989, the tanker vessel Exxon Valdez altered its course to avoid floating ice, and ran aground on Bligh Reef in northeastern Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska (Figure 1). The tanker was carrying about 53 million gallons of Prudhoe Bay crude, a heavy oil, and an estimated 11 million gallons spilled (264,000 barrels or about 42 million liters) in what was, prior to the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill of 2010, the largest accidental release of oil into U.S. waters (Morris and Loughlin 1994; Spies et al. 1996; Shigenaka 2014). Following the Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS), a broad range of studies was implemented and 25 years later, monitoring and research efforts to understand the long-term impacts of the spill continue, although now at a lesser intensity. The Exxon Valdez and DWH spills differed in many ways (Plater 2010; Atlas and Hazen 2011; Sylves and Comfort 2012), but there are also similarities, and lessons from the EVOS experience may offer valuable insights as research efforts proceed in the wake of the DWH spill. Here we provide an overview of the EVOS, summarize key findings from several long-term biological research programs, and conclude with some considerations of lessons learned after two and a half decades of study.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impacts of Oil Spill Disasters on Marine Habitats and Fisheries in North America","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","usgsCitation":"Ballachey, B.E., Bodkin, J.L., Esler, D., and Rice, S.D., 2014, Lessons from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill: A biological perspective, chap. of Impacts of Oil Spill Disasters on Marine Habitats and Fisheries in North America, p. 181-197.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"197","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056328","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310693,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":354115,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781466557215/chapters/10.1201%2Fb17633-12"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.40283203125,\n 61.33353967329142\n ],\n [\n -146.513671875,\n 59.94400716933027\n ],\n [\n -155.21484375,\n 55.29162848682989\n ],\n [\n -157.74169921875,\n 55.71473455012692\n ],\n [\n -158.92822265624997,\n 56.668302075770036\n ],\n [\n -158.8623046875,\n 56.9569571133683\n ],\n [\n -155.01708984375,\n 59.16466752496466\n ],\n [\n -150.6884765625,\n 61.37567331572747\n ],\n [\n -150.40283203125,\n 61.33353967329142\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5630a03de4b093cee7820410","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":578497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rice, Stanley D.","contributorId":38484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176470,"text":"70176470 - 2014 - The potential for sea-level-rise-induced barrier island loss: Insights from the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-16T13:49:36","indexId":"70176470","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The potential for sea-level-rise-induced barrier island loss: Insights from the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, USA","docAbstract":"As sea level rises and hurricanes become more intense, barrier islands around the world become increasingly vulnerable to conversion from self-sustaining migrating landforms to submerging or subaqueous sand bodies. To explore the mechanism by which such state changes occur and to assess the factors leading to island disintegration, we develop a suite of numerical simulations for the Chandeleur Islands in Louisiana, U.S.A., which appear to be on the verge of this transition. Our results suggest that the Chandeleurs are likely poised to change state, leading to their demise, within decades depending on future storm history. Contributing factors include high rates of relative sea level rise, limited sediment supply, muddy substrate, current island position relative to former Mississippi River distributary channels, and the effects of changes in island morphology on sediment transport pathways. Although deltaic barrier islands are most sensitive to disintegration because of their muddy substrate, the importance of relative sea level rise rate in determining the timing of threshold crossing suggests that the conceptual models for deltaic barrier island formation and disintegration may apply more broadly in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2014.05.022","usgsCitation":"Moore, L.J., Patsch, K., List, J., and Williams, S.J., 2014, The potential for sea-level-rise-induced barrier island loss: Insights from the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, USA: Marine Geology, v. 355, p. 244-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2014.05.022.","startPage":"244","endPage":"259","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-033509","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328688,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"North Chandeleur Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89,\n 29.866667\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 29.966667\n ],\n [\n -88.35,\n 29.966667\n ],\n [\n -88.35,\n 29.866667\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 29.866667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"355","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7efd6e4b0bc0bec09f39e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Laura J.","contributorId":39452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patsch, Kiki","contributorId":174649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patsch","given":"Kiki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13014,"text":"Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"List, Jeffrey H. jlist@usgs.gov","contributorId":127596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"Jeffrey H.","email":"jlist@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70123235,"text":"ofr20141185 - 2014 - Water-quality modeling of Klamath Straits Drain recirculation, a Klamath River wetland, and 2011 conditions for the Link River to Keno Dam reach of the Klamath River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T15:40:24","indexId":"ofr20141185","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-24T15:34:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1185","title":"Water-quality modeling of Klamath Straits Drain recirculation, a Klamath River wetland, and 2011 conditions for the Link River to Keno Dam reach of the Klamath River, Oregon","docAbstract":"The upper Klamath River and adjacent Lost River are interconnected basins in south-central Oregon and northern California. Both basins have impaired water quality with Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) in progress or approved. In cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Watercourse Engineering, Inc., have conducted modeling and research to inform management of these basins for multiple purposes, including agriculture, endangered species protection, wildlife refuges, and adjacent and downstream water users. A water-quality and hydrodynamic model (CE-QUAL-W2) of the Link River to Keno Dam reach of the Klamath River for 2006–09 is one of the tools used in this work. The model can simulate stage, flow, water velocity, ice cover, water temperature, specific conductance, suspended sediment, nutrients, organic matter in bed sediment and the water column, three algal groups, three macrophyte groups, dissolved oxygen, and pH.
\nThis report documents two model scenarios and a test of the existing model applied to year 2011, which had exceptional water quality. The first scenario examined the water-quality effects of recirculating Klamath Straits Drain flows into the Ady Canal, to conserve water and to decrease flows from the Klamath Straits Drain to the Klamath River. The second scenario explicitly incorporated a 2.73×106 m2 (675 acre) off-channel connected wetland into the CE-QUAL-W2 framework, with the wetland operating from May 1 through October 31. The wetland represented a managed treatment feature to decrease organic matter loads and process nutrients. Finally, the summer of 2011 showed substantially higher dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the Link-Keno reach than in other recent years, so the Link-Keno model (originally developed for 2006–09) was run with 2011 data as a test of model parameters and rates and to develop insights regarding the reasons for the improved water-quality conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141185","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, A., Sogutlugil, I., Deas, M.L., and Rounds, S.A., 2014, Water-quality modeling of Klamath Straits Drain recirculation, a Klamath River wetland, and 2011 conditions for the Link River to Keno Dam reach of the Klamath River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1185, viii, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141185.","productDescription":"viii, 75 p.","numberOfPages":"88","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056254","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141185.jpg"},{"id":295750,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1185/"},{"id":295751,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1185/pdf/ofr2014-1185.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b5c07e4b03653c63fb1be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, Annett B. 0000-0001-7783-3906 annett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-3906","contributorId":79821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Annett B.","email":"annett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sogutlugil, I. Ertugrul","contributorId":23867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogutlugil","given":"I. Ertugrul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deas, Michael L.","contributorId":61359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deas","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70126760,"text":"sir20145188 - 2014 - Water quality of the Ogallala Formation, central High Plains aquifer within the North Plains Groundwater Conservation District, Texas Panhandle, 2012-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T12:10:20","indexId":"sir20145188","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-24T11:35:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5188","title":"Water quality of the Ogallala Formation, central High Plains aquifer within the North Plains Groundwater Conservation District, Texas Panhandle, 2012-13","docAbstract":"In cooperation with the North Plains Groundwater Conservation District (NPGCD), the U.S. Geological Survey collected and analyzed water-quality samples at 30 groundwater monitor wells in the NPGCD in the Texas Panhandle. All of the wells were completed in the Ogallala Formation of the central High Plains aquifer. Samples from each well were collected during February–March 2012 and in March 2013. Depth to groundwater in feet below land surface was measured at each well before sampling to determine the water-quality sampling depths. Water-quality samples were analyzed for physical properties, major ions, nutrients, and trace metals, and 6 of the 30 samples were analyzed for pesticides. There was a strong relation between specific conductance and dissolved solids as evidenced by a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.98. The dissolved-solids concentration in water from five wells exceeded the secondary drinking-water standard of 500 milligrams per liter set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Water from 3 of these 5 wells was near the north central part of the NPGCD. Nitrate values exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter in 2 of the 30 wells. A sodium-adsorption ratio of 23.4 was measured in the sample collected from well Da-3589 in Dallam County, with the next largest sodium-adsorption ratio measured in the sample collected from well Da-3588 (12.5), also in Dallum County. The sodium-adsorption ratios measured in all other samples were less than 10. The groundwater was generally a mixed cation-bicarbonate plus carbonate type. Twenty-three trace elements were analyzed, and no concentrations exceeded the secondary drinking-water standard or maximum contaminant level set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for water supplies. In 2012, 6 of the 30 wells were sampled for commonly used pesticides. Atrazine and its degradate 2-Chloro-4-isopropylamino-6-amino-s-triazine were detected in two samples. Tebuthiuron was detected in one sample at a detection level below the reporting level but above the long-term method detection level. There were no detections of the glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), or glufosinate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145188","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Plains Groundwater Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Baldys, S., Haynie, M.M., and Beussink, A.M., 2014, Water quality of the Ogallala Formation, central High Plains aquifer within the North Plains Groundwater Conservation District, Texas Panhandle, 2012-13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5188, Report: vi, 64 p.; 2 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145188.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 64 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-055386","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145188.jpg"},{"id":295722,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5188/"},{"id":295723,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5188/pdf/sir2014-5188.pdf"},{"id":295724,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5188/downloads/sir2014-5188_appendix1.xls","text":"Appendix 1"},{"id":295725,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5188/downloads/sir2014-5188_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2"}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Texas Panhandle","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b5c06e4b03653c63fb1bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldys, Stanley sbaldys@usgs.gov","contributorId":3366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldys","given":"Stanley","email":"sbaldys@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":502167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haynie, Monti M. mhaynie@usgs.gov","contributorId":1783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haynie","given":"Monti","email":"mhaynie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":502165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beussink, Amy M. ambeussi@usgs.gov","contributorId":2191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beussink","given":"Amy","email":"ambeussi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":502166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70127554,"text":"ds887 - 2014 - EAARL-B submerged topography: Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, post-Hurricane Sandy, 2012-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T10:55:21","indexId":"ds887","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-24T10:41:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"887","title":"EAARL-B submerged topography: Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, post-Hurricane Sandy, 2012-2013","docAbstract":"These remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements of lidar-derived submerged topography datasets were produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida.
\nThis project provides highly detailed and accurate datasets for part of Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, acquired post-Hurricane Sandy on November 1, 5, 16, 20, and 30, 2012; December 5, 6, and 21, 2012; and January 10, 2013. The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural-resource managers. An innovative airborne lidar system, known as the second-generation Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL-B), was used during data acquisition. The EAARL-B system is a raster-scanning, waveform-resolving, green-wavelength (532-nm) lidar designed to map nearshore bathymetry, topography, and vegetation structure simultaneously. The EAARL-B sensor suite includes the raster-scanning, water-penetrating full-waveform adaptive lidar, down-looking red-green-blue (RGB) and infrared (IR) digital cameras, two precision dual-frequency kinematic carrier-phase GPS receivers, and an integrated miniature digital inertial measurement unit, which provide for sub-meter georeferencing of each laser sample. The nominal EAARL-B platform is a twin-engine Cessna 310 aircraft, but the instrument may be deployed on a range of light aircraft. A single pilot, a lidar operator, and a data analyst constitute the crew for most survey operations. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in measuring sub-aerial and submarine coastal topography within cross-environmental surveys.
\nElevation measurements were collected over the survey area using the EAARL-B system. The resulting data were then processed using the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a custom-built processing system developed originally in a NASA-USGS collaboration. The exploration and processing of lidar data in an interactive or batch mode is supported using ALPS. Modules for presurvey flight-line definition, flight-path plotting, lidar raster and waveform investigation, and digital camera image playback have been developed. Processing algorithms have been developed to extract the range to the first and last significant return within each waveform. The Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS) is used routinely to create maps that represent submerged or sub-aerial topography. Specialized filtering algorithms have been implemented to determine the \"bare earth\" under vegetation from a point cloud of last return elevations.
\nFor more information about similar projects, please visit the Lidar for Science and Resource Management Web site.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds887","usgsCitation":"Wright, C., Troche, R.J., Kranenburg, C., Klipp, E.S., Fredericks, X., and Nagle, D.B., 2014, EAARL-B submerged topography: Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, post-Hurricane Sandy, 2012-2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 887, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds887.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-11-01","temporalEnd":"2013-01-10","ipdsId":"IP-055647","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295714,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds887.jpg"},{"id":295713,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0887/home.html"},{"id":295715,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0887/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Barnegat Bay","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b5c05e4b03653c63fb1b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne","contributorId":52097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C. Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troche, Rodolfo J. rtroche@usgs.gov","contributorId":4304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troche","given":"Rodolfo","email":"rtroche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kranenburg, Christine J.","contributorId":7211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kranenburg","given":"Christine J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klipp, Emily S. eklipp@usgs.gov","contributorId":2754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klipp","given":"Emily","email":"eklipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fredericks, Xan","contributorId":73520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredericks","given":"Xan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nagle, David B. 0000-0002-2306-6147 dnagle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2306-6147","contributorId":3380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagle","given":"David","email":"dnagle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70129605,"text":"70129605 - 2014 - Measurements of HFC-134a and HCFC-22 in groundwater and unsaturated-zone air: implications for HFCs and HCFCs as dating tracers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:12:11","indexId":"70129605","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-24T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurements of HFC-134a and HCFC-22 in groundwater and unsaturated-zone air: implications for HFCs and HCFCs as dating tracers","docAbstract":"A new analytical method using gas chromatography with an atomic emission detector (GC–AED) was developed for measurement of ambient concentrations of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in soil, air, and groundwater, with the goal of determining their utility as groundwater age tracers. The analytical detection limits of HCFC-22 (difluorochloromethane, CHClF2) and HFC-134a (1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, C2H2F4) in 1 L groundwater samples are 4.3 × 10− 1 and 2.1 × 10− 1 pmol kg− 1, respectively, corresponding to equilibrium gas-phase mixing ratios of approximately 5–6 parts per trillion by volume (pptv). Under optimal conditions, post-1960 (HCFC-22) and post-1995 (HFC-134a) recharge could be identified using these tracers in stable, unmixed groundwater samples. Ambient concentrations of HCFC-22 and HFC-134a were measured in 50 groundwater samples from 27 locations in northern and western parts of Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina (USA), and 3 unsaturated-zone profiles were collected in northern Virginia. Mixing ratios of both HCFC-22 and HFC-134a decrease with depth in unsaturated-zone gas profiles with an accompanying increase in CO2 and loss of O2. Apparently, ambient concentrations of HCFC-22 and HFC-134a are readily consumed by methanotrophic bacteria under aerobic conditions in the unsaturated zone. The results of this study indicate that soils are a sink for these two greenhouse gases. These observations contradict the previously reported results from microcosm experiments that found that degradation was limited above-ambient HFC-134a. The groundwater HFC and HCFC concentrations were compared with concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Nearly all samples had measured HCFC-22 or HFC-134a that were below concentrations predicted by the CFCs and SF6, with many samples showing a complete loss of HCFC-22 and HFC-134a. This study indicates that HCFC-22 and HFC-134a are not conservative as environmental tracers and leaves in question the usefulness of other HCFCs and HFCs as candidate age tracers.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.07.016","usgsCitation":"Haase, K.B., Busenberg, E., Plummer, N., Casile, G., and Sanford, W.E., 2014, Measurements of HFC-134a and HCFC-22 in groundwater and unsaturated-zone air: implications for HFCs and HCFCs as dating tracers: Chemical Geology, v. 385, p. 117-128, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.07.016.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-058125","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295711,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295703,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.07.016"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia","volume":"385","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b5c05e4b03653c63fb1ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haase, Karl B. 0000-0002-6897-6494 khaase@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6897-6494","contributorId":3405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haase","given":"Karl","email":"khaase@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casile, Gerolamo","contributorId":69494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casile","given":"Gerolamo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70173743,"text":"70173743 - 2014 - Adélie penguins coping with environmental change: Results from a natural experiment at the edge of their breeding range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T13:55:34","indexId":"70173743","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3910,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","onlineIssn":"2296-701X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adélie penguins coping with environmental change: Results from a natural experiment at the edge of their breeding range","docAbstract":"
We investigated life history responses to extreme variation in physical environmental conditions during a long-term demographic study of Adélie penguins at 3 colonies representing 9% of the world population and the full range of breeding colony sizes. Five years into the 14-year study (1997–2010) two very large icebergs (spanning 1.5 latitude degrees in length) grounded in waters adjacent to breeding colonies, dramatically altering environmental conditions during 2001–2005. This natural experiment allowed us to evaluate the relative impacts of expected long-term, but also extreme, short-term climate perturbations on important natural history parameters that can regulate populations. The icebergs presented physical barriers, not just to the penguins but to polynya formation, which profoundly increased foraging effort and movement rates, while reducing breeding propensity and productivity, especially at the smallest colony. We evaluated the effect of a variety of environmental parameters during breeding, molt, migration and wintering periods during years with and without icebergs on penguin breeding productivity, chick mass, and nesting chronology. The icebergs had far more influence on the natural history parameters of penguins than any of the other environmental variables measured, resulting in population level changes to metrics of reproductive performance, including delays in nesting chronology, depressed breeding productivity, and lower chick mass. These effects were strongest at the smallest, southern-most colony, which was most affected by alteration of the Ross Sea Polynya during years the iceberg was present. Additionally, chick mass was negatively correlated with colony size, supporting previous findings indicating density-dependent energetic constraints at the largest colony. Understanding the negative effects of the icebergs on the short-term natural history of Adélie penguins, as well as their response to long-term environmental variation, are important to our overall understanding of climate change effects in this and other species facing both rapid and persistent environmental change.
1. Clark & Levy (American Naturalist, 131, 1988, 271–290) described an antipredation window for smaller planktivorous fish during crepuscular periods when light permits feeding on zooplankton, but limits visual detection by piscivores. Yet, how the window is influenced by the interaction between light regime, turbidity and cloud cover over a broad latitudinal gradi- ent remains unexplored.
\n2. We evaluated how latitudinal and seasonal shifts in diel light regimes alter the foraging- risk environment for visually feeding planktivores and piscivores across a natural range of turbidities and cloud covers. Pairing a model of aquatic visual feeding with a model of sun and moon illuminance, we estimated foraging rates of an idealized planktivore and piscivore over depth and time across factorial combinations of latitude (0–70°), turbidity (0\u00101–5 NTU) and cloud cover (clear to overcast skies) during the summer solstice and autumnal equinox. We evaluated the foraging-risk environment based on changes in the magnitude, duration and peak timing of the antipredation window.
\n3. The model scenarios generated up to 10-fold shifts in magnitude, 24-fold shifts in duration and 5\u00105-h shifts in timing of the peak antipredation window. The size of the window increased with latitude. This pattern was strongest during the solstice. In clear water at low turbidity (0\u00101–0\u00105 NTU), peaks in the magnitude and duration of the window formed at 57–60° latitude, before falling to near zero as surface waters became saturated with light under a midnight sun and clear skies at latitudes near 70°. Overcast dampened the midnight sun enough to allow larger windows to form in clear water at high latitudes. Conversely, at turbidities ≥2 NTU, greater reductions in the visual range of piscivores than planktivores created a window for long periods at high latitudes. Latitudinal dependencies were essentially lost during the equinox, indicating a progressive compression of the window from early summer into autumn.
\n4. Model results show that diel-seasonal foraging and predation risk in freshwater pelagic ecosystems changes considerably with latitude, turbidity and cloud cover. These changes alter the structure of pelagic predator–prey interactions, and in turn, the broader role of pelagic consumers in habitat coupling in lakes.
\nThe diversity and distribution of mammals in the American tropics remain incompletely known. We describe a new species of small-eared shrew (Soricidae, Cryptotis) from the Lacandona rain forest, Chiapas, southern Mexico. The new species is distinguished from other species of Cryptotis on the basis of a unique combination of pelage coloration, size, dental, cranial, postcranial, and external characters, and genetic distances. It appears most closely related to species in the Cryptotis nigrescens species group, which occurs from southern Mexico to montane regions of Colombia. This discovery is particularly remarkable because the new species is from a low-elevation habitat (approximately 90 m), whereas most shrews in the region are restricted to higher elevations, typically > 1,000 m. The only known locality for the new shrew is in one of the last areas in southern Mexico where relatively undisturbed tropical vegetation is still found. The type locality is protected by the Mexican government as part of the Yaxchilán Archaeological Site on the border between Mexico and Guatemala.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/14-MAMM-A-018","usgsCitation":"Guevara, L., Sánchez-Cordero, V., Leon-Paniagua, L., and Woodman, N., 2014, A new species of small-eared shrew (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Cryptotis) from the Lacandona rain forest, Mexico: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 95, no. 4, p. 739-753, https://doi.org/10.1644/14-MAMM-A-018.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"739","endPage":"753","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055691","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472683,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/14-mamm-a-018","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":295609,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295608,"rank":1,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/14-MAMM-A-018"}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Chiapas","otherGeospatial":"Lacandona rain forest","volume":"95","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5448b907e4b0f888a81b8799","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guevara, Lazaro","contributorId":74696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guevara","given":"Lazaro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sánchez-Cordero, Víctor","contributorId":15544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sánchez-Cordero","given":"Víctor","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leon-Paniagua, Livia","contributorId":65780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leon-Paniagua","given":"Livia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodman, Neal 0000-0003-2689-7373 nwoodman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":3547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"Neal","email":"nwoodman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70129419,"text":"70129419 - 2014 - Can nitrogen fertilization aid restoration of mature tree productivity in degraded dryland riverine ecosystems?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T09:04:52","indexId":"70129419","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-22T09:08:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can nitrogen fertilization aid restoration of mature tree productivity in degraded dryland riverine ecosystems?","docAbstract":"Restoration of riparian forest productivity lost as a consequence of flow regulation is a common management goal in dryland riverine ecosystems. In the northern hemisphere, dryland river floodplain trees often include one or another species of Populus, which are fast-growing, nutrient-demanding trees. Because the trees are phreatophytic in drylands, and have water needs met in whole or in part by a shallow water table, their productivity may be limited by nitrogen (N) availability, which commonly limits primary productivity in mesic environments. We added 20 g N m−2 in a 2-m radius around the base of mature Populus fremontii along each of a regulated and free-flowing river in semiarid northwest Colorado, USA (total n = 42) in order to test whether growth is constrained by low soil N. Twelve years after fertilization, we collected increment cores from these and matched unfertilized trees and compared radial growth ratios (growth in the 3-year post-fertilization period/growth in the 3-year pre-fertilization period) in paired t tests. We expected a higher mean ratio in the fertilized trees. No effect from fertilization was detected, nor was a trend evident on either river. An alternative test using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) produced a similar result. Our results underscore the need for additional assessment of which and to what extent factors other than water control dryland riverine productivity. Positive confirmation of adequate soil nutrients at these and other dryland riparian sites would bolster the argument that flow management is necessary and sufficient to maximize productivity and enhance resilience in affected desert riverine forests.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.12104","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., Adair, E.C., Nelson, S.M., and Binkley, D., 2014, Can nitrogen fertilization aid restoration of mature tree productivity in degraded dryland riverine ecosystems?: Restoration Ecology, v. 22, no. 5, p. 582-589, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12104.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"582","endPage":"589","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-055259","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12104","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":295599,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295595,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec.12104"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5448b90ae4b0f888a81b879d","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/rec.12104","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec.12104","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Andersen Douglas C., Adair Elizabeth Carol, Nelson Sigfrid Mark, Binkley Dan","journalName":"Restoration Ecology","publicationDate":"5/22/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, Douglas C. doug_andersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"Douglas C.","email":"doug_andersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":503698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adair, Elizabeth Carol","contributorId":74695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adair","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"Carol","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Sigfrid Mark","contributorId":46438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Sigfrid","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Binkley, Dan","contributorId":103978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binkley","given":"Dan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70125720,"text":"ofr20141152 - 2014 - Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Cameron, Clarion, Elk, Forest, Jefferson, McKean, Potter, and Warren Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T18:27:09","indexId":"ofr20141152","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-22T08:48:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1152","title":"Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Cameron, Clarion, Elk, Forest, Jefferson, McKean, Potter, and Warren Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010","docAbstract":"Increased demands for cleaner burning energy, coupled with the relatively recent technological advances in accessing hydrocarbon-rich geologic formations, have led to an intense effort to find and extract unconventional natural gas from various underground sources around the country. One of these sources, the Marcellus Shale, located in the Allegheny Plateau, is currently undergoing extensive drilling and production. The technology used to extract gas in the Marcellus Shale is known as hydraulic fracturing and has garnered much attention because of its use of large amounts of fresh water, its use of proprietary fluids for the hydraulic-fracturing process, its potential to release contaminants into the environment, and its potential effect on water resources. Nonetheless, development of natural gas extraction wells in the Marcellus Shale is only part of the overall natural gas story in this area of Pennsylvania. Conventional natural gas wells, which sometimes use the same technique for extraction, are commonly located in the same general area as the Marcellus Shale and are frequently developed in clusters across the landscape. The combined effects of these two natural gas extraction methods create potentially serious patterns of disturbance on the landscape. This document quantifies the landscape changes and consequences of natural gas extraction for Cameron, Clarion, Elk, Forest, Jefferson, McKean, Potter, and Warren Counties in Pennsylvania between 2004 and 2010. Patterns of landscape disturbance related to natural gas extraction activities were collected and digitized using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery for 2004, 2005/2006, 2008, and 2010. The disturbance patterns were then used to measure changes in land cover and land use using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) of 2001. A series of landscape metrics is also used to quantify these changes and is included in this publication. In this region, natural gas and oil development disturbed approximately 5,255 hectares (ha) (conventional, 2,400 ha; Marcellus, 357 ha; and oil, 1,883 ha) of land of which 3,507 ha were forested land and 610 ha were agricultural land. Eighty percent of that total disturbance was from conventional natural gas and oil development.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141152","usgsCitation":"Milheim, L.E., Slonecker, E.T., Roig-Silva, C., Winters, S., and Ballew, J.R., 2014, Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Cameron, Clarion, Elk, Forest, Jefferson, McKean, Potter, and Warren Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1152, v, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141152.","productDescription":"v, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056242","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141152.jpg"},{"id":295597,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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E.","contributorId":89469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milheim","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slonecker, E. T.","contributorId":101585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roig-Silva, C. M.","contributorId":11534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roig-Silva","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winters, S. G.","contributorId":75083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"S. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ballew, J. R.","contributorId":46030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballew","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70074697,"text":"70074697 - 2014 - An integrated modeling approach to estimating Gunnison Sage-Grouse population dynamics: Combining index and demographic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-28T12:43:57.68989","indexId":"70074697","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-21T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An integrated modeling approach to estimating Gunnison Sage-Grouse population dynamics: Combining index and demographic data","docAbstract":"Evaluation of population dynamics for rare and declining species is often limited to data that are sparse and/or of poor quality. Frequently, the best data available for rare bird species are based on large‐scale, population count data. These data are commonly based on sampling methods that lack consistent sampling effort, do not account for detectability, and are complicated by observer bias. For some species, short‐term studies of demographic rates have been conducted as well, but the data from such studies are typically analyzed separately. To utilize the strengths and minimize the weaknesses of these two data types, we developed a novel Bayesian integrated model that links population count data and population demographic data through population growth rate (λ) for Gunnison sage‐grouse (Centrocercus minimus). The long‐term population index data available for Gunnison sage‐grouse are annual (years 1953–2012) male lek counts. An intensive demographic study was also conducted from years 2005 to 2010. We were able to reduce the variability in expected population growth rates across time, while correcting for potential small sample size bias in the demographic data. We found the population of Gunnison sage‐grouse to be variable and slightly declining over the past 16 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1290","usgsCitation":"Davis, A.J., Hooten, M., Phillips, M.L., and Doherty, P.F., 2014, An integrated modeling approach to estimating Gunnison Sage-Grouse population dynamics: Combining index and demographic data: Ecology and Evolution, v. 4, no. 22, p. 4247-2457, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1290.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"4247","endPage":"2457","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045802","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1290","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.68701171875,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -111.68701171875,\n 39.487084981687495\n ],\n [\n -106.9189453125,\n 39.487084981687495\n ],\n [\n -106.9189453125,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -111.68701171875,\n 37.00255267215955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564717bde4b0e2669b3130ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Amy J.","contributorId":149854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooten, Mevin B. 0000-0002-1614-723X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":119998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, Michael L.","contributorId":149855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doherty, Paul F. Jr.","contributorId":37636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"Paul","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70129340,"text":"70129340 - 2014 - Comparative mineral chemistry and textures of SAFOD fault gouge and damage-zone rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T09:06:42","indexId":"70129340","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-21T10:03:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative mineral chemistry and textures of SAFOD fault gouge and damage-zone rocks","docAbstract":"Creep in the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) drillhole is localized to two foliated gouges, the central deforming zone (CDZ) and southwest deforming zone (SDZ). The gouges consist of porphyroclasts of serpentinite and sedimentary rock dispersed in a foliated matrix of Mg-smectite clays that formed as a result of shearing-enhanced reactions between the serpentinite and quartzofeldspathic rocks. The CDZ takes up most of the creep and exhibits differences in mineralogy and texture from the SDZ that are attributable to its higher shearing rate. In addition, a ∼0.2-m-wide sector of the CDZ at its northeastern margin (NE-CDZ) is identical to the SDZ and may represent a gradient in creep rate across the CDZ. The SDZ and NE-CDZ have lower clay contents and larger porphyroclasts than most of the CDZ, and they contain veinlets and strain fringes of calcite in the gouge matrix not seen elsewhere in the CDZ. Matrix clays in the SDZ and NE-CDZ are saponite and corrensite, whereas the rest of the CDZ lacks corrensite. Saponite is younger than corrensite, reflecting clay crystallization under declining temperatures, and clays in the more actively deforming portions of the CDZ have better equilibrated to the lower-temperature conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2014.09.002","usgsCitation":"Moore, D.E., 2014, Comparative mineral chemistry and textures of SAFOD fault gouge and damage-zone rocks: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 68, no. A, p. 82-96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2014.09.002.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-056386","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295522,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295504,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2014.09.002"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"68","issue":"A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54476785e4b0f888a81b82e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075 dmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":2704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane","email":"dmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188056,"text":"70188056 - 2014 - Examining change detection approaches for tropical mangrove monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:10:54","indexId":"70188056","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examining change detection approaches for tropical mangrove monitoring","docAbstract":"This study evaluated the effectiveness of different band combinations and classifiers (unsupervised, supervised, object-oriented nearest neighbor, and object-oriented decision rule) for quantifying mangrove forest change using multitemporal Landsat data. A discriminant analysis using spectra of different vegetation types determined that bands 2 (0.52 to 0.6 μm), 5 (1.55 to 1.75 μm), and 7 (2.08 to 2.35 μm) were the most effective bands for differentiating mangrove forests from surrounding land cover types. A ranking of thirty-six change maps, produced by comparing the classification accuracy of twelve change detection approaches, was used. The object-based Nearest Neighbor classifier produced the highest mean overall accuracy (84 percent) regardless of band combinations. The automated decision rule-based approach (mean overall accuracy of 88 percent) as well as a composite of bands 2, 5, and 7 used with the unsupervised classifier and the same composite or all band difference with the object-oriented Nearest Neighbor classifier were the most effective approaches.
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This renewed interest in the geology of the western Piedmont of north-central Virginia has led to new detailed bedrock mapping, detailed surficial mapping, high-resolution UPb TIMS zircon geochronology, U-Pb LA-ICPMS detrital zircon geochronology, radiogenic isotope geochemistry, major/minor/REE geochemistry, and geophysical studies (e.g. Bailey et al., 2005, 2008; Bailey and Owens, 2012: Berti et al., 2012; Burton et al., 2014; Burton, in progress; Harrison, 2012; Horton et al., 2010, in press; Hughes, 2010, 2014; Hughes et al., 2013a, 2013b, 2014, in press a, in press b; Malenda, in progress; Owens et al., 2013; Spears and Gilmer 2012; Spears et al. 2013, Terblanche, 2013; Terblanche and Nance, 2012). A host of institutions have taken part in the research, including North Carolina State University, the Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy, the U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia Tech, Lehigh University, and the College of William and Mary. Many of these investigations remain active. The majority of the data presented herein is the product of research conducted from 2010 to 2014 by geologists at North Carolina State University.
This field trip guide is intended to complement a Geological Society of America field guide (Hughes et al., 2014) that covers the western Piedmont geology along strike to the northeast in the vicinity of Fredericksburg. Geologic mapping and geochronologic and geochemical sampling were coordinated between these two areas as part of a study funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the USGS EDMAP program. Some of the stops in this guide have previously been written up in past field guides (Hughes, 2010; Burton et al., 2014) and are reused here because of their ease of access for large groups and because of new data that update the context and our understanding of the outcrops.
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Unlike either coarser dune sand or finer-grained, long-range-transported dust, loess is relatively poorly sorted, reflecting a combination of transport processes, including saltation, low suspension, and high suspension. Loess can be readily identified in the field; deposits range in thickness from a few centimeters to many tens of meters, and are found over large areas of Eurasia, South and North America (Fig. 1), and smaller areas of New Zealand, Australia, Africa and the Middle East. Loess covers approximately 10% of the Earth’s land surface and is therefore one of the most important terrestrial archives of paleoenvironmental change during the Quaternary. In many regions, loess sections consist of deposits of mostly unaltered sediment with intercalated paleosols. Paleosols represent periods of landscape stability when loess deposition ceased altogether, or at least slowed significantly. Loess can be dated directly using luminescence, radiocarbon, and amino acid geochronology methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Geosphere Biosphere Programme Global Change","doi":"10.22498/pages.22.2","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Prins, M., and Machalett, B., 2014, Loess as a Quaternary paleoenvironmental indicator: Past Global Changes, v. 22, no. 2, p. 84-85, https://doi.org/10.22498/pages.22.2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"85","ipdsId":"IP-055146","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22498/pages.22.2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910b4e4b0764e6c5e88d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. dmuhs@usgs.gov","contributorId":140959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel R.","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prins, M.A.","contributorId":140960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prins","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13630,"text":"Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Machalett, B.","contributorId":140961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Machalett","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13631,"text":"Institute of Geography, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany and Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bentley University, Waltham,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70133144,"text":"70133144 - 2014 - A multi-scale assessment of animal aggregation patterns to understand increasing pathogen seroprevalence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T12:42:56","indexId":"70133144","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-scale assessment of animal aggregation patterns to understand increasing pathogen seroprevalence","docAbstract":"Understanding how animal density is related to pathogen transmission is important to develop effective disease control strategies, but requires measuring density at a scale relevant to transmission. However, this is not straightforward or well-studied among large mammals with group sizes that range several orders of magnitude or aggregation patterns that vary across space and time. To address this issue, we examined spatial variation in elk (Cervus canadensis) aggregation patterns and brucellosis across 10 regions in the Greater Yellowstone Area where previous studies suggest the disease may be increasing. We hypothesized that rates of increasing brucellosis would be better related to the frequency of large groups than mean group size or population density, but we examined whether other measures of density would also explain rising seroprevalence. To do this, we measured wintering elk density and group size across multiple spatial and temporal scales from monthly aerial surveys. We used Bayesian hierarchical models and 20 years of serologic data to estimate rates of increase in brucellosis within the 10 regions, and to examine the linear relationships between these estimated rates of increase and multiple measures of aggregation. Brucellosis seroprevalence increased over time in eight regions (one region showed an estimated increase from 0.015 in 1991 to 0.26 in 2011), and these rates of increase were positively related to all measures of aggregation. The relationships were weaker when the analysis was restricted to areas where brucellosis was present for at least two years, potentially because aggregation was related to disease-establishment within a population. Our findings suggest that (1) group size did not explain brucellosis increases any better than population density and (2) some elk populations may have high densities with small groups or lower densities with large groups, but brucellosis is likely to increase in either scenario. In this case, any one control method such as reducing population density or group size may not be sufficient to reduce transmission. This study highlights the importance of examining the density-transmission relationship at multiple scales and across populations before broadly applying disease control strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1890/ES14-00181.1","usgsCitation":"Brennan, A.K., Cross, P.C., Higgs, M.D., Edwards, W.H., Scurlock, B.M., and Creel, S., 2014, A multi-scale assessment of animal aggregation patterns to understand increasing pathogen seroprevalence: Ecosphere, v. 5, no. 10, art138: 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00181.1.","productDescription":"art138: 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-053350","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es14-00181.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":339041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.896240234375,\n 41.393294288784865\n ],\n [\n -106.50146484374999,\n 41.393294288784865\n ],\n [\n -106.50146484374999,\n 44.98811302615805\n ],\n [\n -109.896240234375,\n 44.98811302615805\n ],\n [\n -109.896240234375,\n 41.393294288784865\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f80e4b09da67997ecb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brennan, Angela K. akbrennan@usgs.gov","contributorId":4892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Angela","email":"akbrennan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higgs, Megan D.","contributorId":127365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higgs","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6916,"text":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, W. Henry","contributorId":127366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edwards","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Henry","affiliations":[{"id":6917,"text":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Laramie, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":688074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scurlock, Brandon M.","contributorId":93788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scurlock","given":"Brandon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6917,"text":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Laramie, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Creel, Scott","contributorId":15089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creel","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":524806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}