{"pageNumber":"1276","pageRowStart":"31875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":5223090,"text":"5223090 - 1996 - Age-specific survival and philopatry in three species of European ducks: A long-term study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T21:56:27.69705","indexId":"5223090","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age-specific survival and philopatry in three species of European ducks: A long-term study","docAbstract":"Capture-recapture and band recovery models were used to estimate age-specific survival probabilities for female Northern Shovelers (Anas clypeata), Common Pochards (Aythya ferina), and Tufted Ducks (Aythya.fuligula) at Engure Marsh, Latvia, in 1964-1993.  We banded more than 65,100 day-old ducklings of both sexes and captured 10,211 incubating females (3,713 new bandings and 6,498 recaptures).  We developed a set of 3-age capture-recapture models to estimate annual survival rates for female ducklings, yearlings (SY), and adults (ASY) using programs SURGE and SURVIV and selected parsimonious models using a method developed bv Akaike (1973).  Survival rates of SY and ASY females were highest-for Tufted Ducks intermediate for Common Pochards, and lowest for Northern Shovelers.  Survival rates of SY and ASY females varied in parallel for shovelers and pochards.  We believe that much of the difference in survival estimates between SY and ASY birds was caused by mortality rather than permanent emigration.  Estimates of day-old duckling survival, reflecting both mortality and permanent emigration, were 0.12 for shoveler, 0.06 for pochard, and 0.03 for Tufted Duck.  For all species, duckling survival varied over years, but the pattern of variation was not similar to that of the other age classes.  Estimates of survival using band recovery data for SY + ASY female pochards and Tufted Ducks were similar to the capture-recapturee stimates, suggestingt hat surviving females returned to the breeding marsh with probabilities approaching 1.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1369509","usgsCitation":"Blums, P., Mednis, A., Bauga, I., Nichols, J., and Hines, J., 1996, Age-specific survival and philopatry in three species of European ducks: A long-term study: Condor, v. 98, no. 1, p. 61-74, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369509.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479026,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369509","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":196473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689180","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blums, Peter","contributorId":25652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blums","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mednis, Aivars","contributorId":73695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mednis","given":"Aivars","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bauga, I.","contributorId":50618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauga","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223307,"text":"5223307 - 1996 - Nesting behavior of the poo-uli","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:34","indexId":"5223307","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting behavior of the poo-uli","docAbstract":"We describe two sequential nestings of a pair of Poo-uli (Melamprosops phaeosoma), a Hawaiian honeycreeper nearing extinction. Similarities to nesting of most other honeycreepers included: nest site in ohia lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud.) canopy; breeding in March through June; monogamous breeding system with the putative male helping build the nest, feeding the putative female throughout each nesting event, and feeding the chicks, but not incubating or brooding; and complete nest sanitation. Notable differences were the paucity of songs and calls by the parents and inclusion of snails in the diet of nestlings. Clutch size was probably two eggs for both nests. High winds, rain, or both influenced parental behavior: the female stayed longer on the nest and took shorter recesses in poor weather. Weather did not affect rates at which the male fed the female on the nest; however, the feeding rate increased from the egg to the chick stage probably because food was passed on to the chicks. At nest #2, parents fed young chicks (<14 days old) more often in good than in poor weather; data were insufficient for old chicks. Weather is usually poor throughout the year in the relictual range of the Poo-uli and is likely to impact nesting success. The first nest failed in poor weather. The second fledged a single young 21 days old. Diet of nestlings appeared to consist of a higher proportion of insect larvae than that of older birds, which are reported to eat mostly snails.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"4950_Kepler.pdf","usgsCitation":"Kepler, C.B., Pratt, T., Ecton, A., Engilis, A., and Fluetsch, K., 1996, Nesting behavior of the poo-uli: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 108, no. 4, p. 620-638.","productDescription":"620-638","startPage":"620","endPage":"638","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":15988,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v108n04/p0620-p0638.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":201698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697c75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kepler, C. B.","contributorId":62548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kepler","given":"C.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, T.K.","contributorId":13717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ecton, A.M.","contributorId":98424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ecton","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engilis, A. Jr.","contributorId":22467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engilis","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fluetsch, K.M.","contributorId":98420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fluetsch","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223152,"text":"5223152 - 1996 - Detecting trends in raptor counts: power and type I error rates of various statistical tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"5223152","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting trends in raptor counts: power and type I error rates of various statistical tests","docAbstract":"We conducted simulations that estimated power and type I error rates of statistical tests for detecting trends in raptor population count data collected from a single monitoring site. Results of the simulations were used to help analyze count data of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) from 7 national forests in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin during 1980-1989.  Seven statistical tests were evaluated, including simple linear regression on the log scale and linear regression with a permutation test.  Using 1,000 replications each, we simulated n = 10 and n = 50 years of count data and trends ranging from -5 to 5% change/year.  We evaluated the tests at 3 critical levels (alpha = 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10) for both  upper- and lower-tailed tests.  Exponential count data were simulated by adding sampling error with a coefficient of variation of 40% from either a log-normal or autocorrelated log-normal distribution.  Not surprisingly, tests performed with 50 years of data were much more powerful than tests with 10 years of data.  Positive autocorrelation inflated alpha-levels upward from their nominal levels, making the tests less conservative and more likely to reject the null hypothesis of no trend.  Of the tests studied, Cox and Stuart's test and Pollard's test clearly had lower power than the others.  Surprisingly, the linear regression t-test, Collins' linear regression permutation test, and the nonparametric Lehmann's and Mann's tests all had similar  power in our simulations.  Analyses of the count data suggested that bald eagles had increasing trends on at least 2 of the 7 national forests during 1980-1989.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Hatfield, J., Gould, W., Hoover, B.A., Fuller, M., and Lindquist, E.L., 1996, Detecting trends in raptor counts: power and type I error rates of various statistical tests: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 24, no. 3, p. 505-515.","productDescription":"505-515","startPage":"505","endPage":"515","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15980,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3783335","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667adb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gould, W.R. IV","contributorId":106223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"W.R.","suffix":"IV","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoover, Brett A.","contributorId":108213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lindquist, E. L.","contributorId":60342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindquist","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5200137,"text":"5200137 - 1996 - Environmental Contaminants in Wildlife:  Interpreting Tissue Concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5200137","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:22","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":210,"text":"SETAC Special Publications Series.","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"title":"Environmental Contaminants in Wildlife:  Interpreting Tissue Concentrations","docAbstract":"Covers the complex issue of how to evaluate contaminants in wildlife.  This comprehensive resource deals with the question:  'How much of a chemical in the tissues of an animal is harmful?'  Features:  Authoritative and sound advice is provided on many environmental contaminants, including what the contaminants are and how to interpret the data on them.  Each chapter includes a review of the literature on a specific chemical, followed by a clear technical summary that provides research guidance.  Direction is given on how to interpret data that are sometimes conflicting or insufficient.  Data are presented in easy to use tables.  Primary attention is given to toxic concentrations of contaminants such as organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, dioxins, PAHs, metals, and fluorides.","language":"English","publisher":"Lewis Publishers","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL.","usgsCitation":"Lewis Publishers, 1996, Environmental Contaminants in Wildlife:  Interpreting Tissue Concentrations: SETAC Special Publications Series., 494.","productDescription":"494","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a333"}
,{"id":5210861,"text":"5210861 - 1996 - The management of hunting of Anatidae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5210861","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The management of hunting of Anatidae","docAbstract":"The objectives of harvest management for members of family Anatidae  typically involve the size of the harvested population and the size of the harvest.  Hunting regulations are the primary tool used to try to achieve the objectives of harvest management.  Informed harvest management thus requires a knowledge of the relationship between hunting regulations and both Anatid abundance and harvest. Results of retrospective studies in North America provide evidence that generally restrictive regulations produce lower harvest rates than generally liberal regulations.  However, such studies have provided little evidence that specific hunting regulations designed to produce a change in the relative harvest rates of different species, or of the sexes within a species, have been successful in 'directing' harvest toward specific groups of birds and away from other groups.  Estimates of the strength of the relationship between harvest mortality rates and annual survival rates of Anatidae have ranged from weak to strong.  Thus, the key relationships for  harvest management of Anatidae, those between hunting regulations and the size of both the subsequent harvest and the subsequent population, are not 'known' but are characterized by uncertainty.  In the United States, this uncertainty led to a risk-aversive conservatism that characterized the setting of hunting regulations during the last decade.  Recently, managers  have begun to consider using hunting regulations themselves as a means to better understand the system being managed.  This approach, referred to as active adaptive management, attempts to balance short-term demands for hunting opportunity with the learning needed to improve long-term management performance.  Learning is accomplished by periodically comparing observed system response, as estimated by ongoing survey and data collection programs, with predictions of competing models.  These periodic comparisons lead to changes in measures of credibility associated with the different models and thus to a reduction in uncertainty.  We suggest that this approach might be useful in other countries that have implemented requisite data collection programs for their Anatid populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Anatidae 2000 : an international conference on the conservation, habitat management and wise use of ducks, geese and swans = une conference internationale sur la conservation, la gestion des habitats et l'utilisation rationnelle des canards, des oies et des cygnes : Strasbourg, France, December 5-9, 1994 ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"OCLC: 37479871  PDF on file: 4993_Nichols.pdf","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., and Johnson, F., 1996, The management of hunting of Anatidae, chap. <i>of</i> Anatidae 2000 : an international conference on the conservation, habitat management and wise use of ducks, geese and swans = une conference internationale sur la conservation, la gestion des habitats et l'utilisation rationnelle des canards, des oies et des cygnes : Strasbourg, France, December 5-9, 1994 , p. 977-989.","startPage":"977","endPage":"989","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4814e4b07f02db4dac42","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Birkan, Marcel","contributorId":112716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birkan","given":"Marcel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507224,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Fred A.","contributorId":93863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210756,"text":"5210756 - 1996 - The relevance of the Mediterranean Region to colonial waterbird conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5210756","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The relevance of the Mediterranean Region to colonial waterbird conservation","docAbstract":"The Mediterranean Sea is the largest partially enclosed sea in the world and provides habitat to more than 100 species of waterbirds from the Palearctic-North African-Middle Eastern regions.  Even though the Mediterranean suffers from pollution, has little tidal influence, and is oligotrophic, more than half of the western Palearctic populations of numerous waterfowl species winter in the region.  Thirty-three species of colonial waterbirds breed along the 46,000 km Mediterranean coastline with nine species considered threatened or endangered, mostly because of wetland loss and degradation.  The long history of human activity and scientific investigations in the region has taught some valuable lessons.  In the area of colonial waterbird biology and conservation, we have learned important lessons about the value of long-term monitoring and research on selected populations.  From marking studies of Greater Flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber roseus) and Little Egrets (Egretta garzetta) results have been used to derive useful information about metapopulation dynamics. Involvement of both African and European biologists allowed year-round  Studies of these species that yielded valuable spin-offs for training in avian and wetland conservation.  We have also learned the value of man-made wetlands as feeding and nesting sites for some colonial waterbirds.  Careful evaluations of the habitat quality of different types of wetlands are required, as in contaminant levels such as lead shot and pesticides.  Wetland conservationists have also learned from some instructive mistakes.  Dam construction and agricultural incentive programs sponsored by the European Community, the World Bank, and others from the past have largely ignored impacts on wetlands and wildlife.  In some areas, economic ventures such as aquaculture operations and salt mining have not involved waterbird habitat needs in their planning.  Research and conservation needs include: (1) establishing regional monitoring programs and data banks for seabirds, wading birds, ducks, and geese; (2) implementing a wetland inventory for many Countries with little quantitative data on wetlands; (3) improving habitat quality assessments; (4) improving relationships with industry, the private citizenry, and government officials to further an appreciation for the value of wetlands and waterbirds; (5) enhancing training efforts, especially in underdeveloped Countries; (6) evaluating the effects of hunting and other disturbances to nesting and feeding waterbirds in different regions; (7) setting up 'sister-reserve' (twinned) sites in Europe and Africa to foster international linkages and training; and (8) fostering local-regional conservation programs to preserve reed beds, wet woodlots, and other key habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology, Conservation, and Management of Colonial Waterbirds in the Mediterranean Region","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"  PDF on file: 4914_Erwin.pdf","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., 1996, The relevance of the Mediterranean Region to colonial waterbird conservation, chap. <i>of</i> Ecology, Conservation, and Management of Colonial Waterbirds in the Mediterranean Region, p. 1-11.","productDescription":"227","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"227","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640ece","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Crivelli, Alain J.","contributorId":113196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crivelli","given":"Alain","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507054,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hafner, Heinz","contributorId":112417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hafner","given":"Heinz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507053,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fasola, Mauro","contributorId":113819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fasola","given":"Mauro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507055,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erwin, R. Michael 0000-0003-2108-9502","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2108-9502","contributorId":57125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507051,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCrimmon, Donald A.= Jr.","contributorId":112380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCrimmon","given":"Donald","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.=","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507052,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5210825,"text":"5210825 - 1996 - On NAAMP and the use of the Internet as a forum for evolving science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:23","indexId":"5210825","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"On NAAMP and the use of the Internet as a forum for evolving science","docAbstract":"Traditionally, science has been communicated through peerreviewed hardcopy. With the rapid growth of internet technology, many new potentials for sharing and evolution of ideas are possible: open, low cost communication between researchers, both accredited and amateur, may allow not joint problem solving at scales previously not possible. Conservation especially, is a dynamic field which may benefit from such rapid dissemination of information. However, among many concerns for the use of this media include 1) lack of peer review, 2) potential for , 3) dissemination of misinformation, especially when dealing with charismatic taxa 4) the possibility of creating an apparent need for an exciting technology, 5) implications of sharing data, 6) potential for distraction and additional concerns added by exposure to media and public attention, and 7) overall gain to effort ratio. With the increased facility of commmunication, feedback from the implementation of NAAMP III Online will help guide the direction and media choice of future conferences.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Third Annual Meeting of the North American Amphibian Monitoring Program. ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Schmieder, R., 1996, On NAAMP and the use of the Internet as a forum for evolving science, chap. <i>of</i> Third Annual Meeting of the North American Amphibian Monitoring Program. .","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db691b70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmieder, R.","contributorId":93603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmieder","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5210970,"text":"5210970 - 1996 - Integrating research and management to conserve wildfowl (Anatidae) and wetlands in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5210970","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Integrating research and management to conserve wildfowl (Anatidae) and wetlands in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, U.S.A","docAbstract":"Efforts to conserve winter habitat for wildfowl, Anatidae, in the alluvial valley of the lower Mississippi River, U.S.A., are directed by the Lower Mississippi Valley (LMV) Joint Venture of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NA WMP).  The Joint Venture is based on a biological framework developed through cooperative planning by wildfowl researchers and managers.  Important elements of the framework include: (1) numeric population goals, (2) assumptions about potential limiting factors, (3) explicit relationships between wildfowl abundance and habitat characteristics, (4) numeric foraging habitat goals, and (5) criteria for evaluating success.  The population goal of the Joint Venture for the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MA V) is to enable 4.3 million ducks to, survive winter and join continental breeding populations in spring.  Currently, available data suggest that foraging habitat is the primary factor limiting duck populations in the MA II.  To establish a goal for foraging habitat, we assumed the length of the wintering period is 110 days and calculated that a population of 4.3 million breeding ducks (plus 15% to account for winter mortality) would need 546 million duck-days of food in the preceding winter.  Then, we used estimates of daily energy requirements, food densities, and food energy values to calculate the carrying capacity or number of duck-days of food available in the three primary foraging habitats in the MAV (flooded croplands, forested wetlands, and moist-soil wetlands).  Thus, availability of foraging habitat can be used as a criterion for evaluating success of the Joint Venture if accurate inventories of foraging habitat can be conducted.  Development of an explicit biological framework for the Joint Venture enabled wildfowl managers and researchers to establish specific objectives for management of foraging habitat and identify priority problems requiring further study.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Anatidae 2000 : an international conference on the conservation, habitat management and wise use of ducks, geese and swans = une conference internationale sur la conservation, la gestion des habitats et l'utilisation rationnelle des canards, des oies et des cygnes : Strasbourg, France, December 5-9, 1994 ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"OCLC: 37479871","usgsCitation":"Reinecke, K.J., and Loesch, C., 1996, Integrating research and management to conserve wildfowl (Anatidae) and wetlands in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, U.S.A, chap. <i>of</i> Anatidae 2000 : an international conference on the conservation, habitat management and wise use of ducks, geese and swans = une conference internationale sur la conservation, la gestion des habitats et l'utilisation rationnelle des canards, des oies et des cygnes : Strasbourg, France, December 5-9, 1994 , p. 927-940.","startPage":"927","endPage":"940","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0e12","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Birkan, Marcel","contributorId":112716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birkan","given":"Marcel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507406,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Reinecke, K. J.","contributorId":54537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loesch, C.R.","contributorId":56767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loesch","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5200139,"text":"5200139 - 1996 - Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Maryland and the District of Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:19","indexId":"5200139","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Maryland and the District of Columbia","docAbstract":"This was the result of a 5-year cooperative study with the Maryland Ornithological Society and the Maryland Department of Natural Resources.  Each of Maryland's 1,256 5-km (25 sq km) blocks was surveyed for breeding birds using the standard categories of Possible, Probable, and Confirmed breeding.  Special features include: (1) coverage of all blocks instead of a random sample; (2) one-third of the state (including the most rapidly changing counties) was covered in quarterblocks (2.5 km on each side) to facilitate detecting future changes; (3) quantitative sampling (miniroutes) was completed in more than half the blocks; (4) a 2 percent statewide random sample of blocks was searched for about 30 hours each by Patuxent professionals to evaluate efficiency of coverage by the volunteers; (5) besides species maps for 1983-87, the atlas also includes distribution maps from the 1950s; (6) life history data are based largely on unpublished Maryland information.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Pittsburgh Press","publisherLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA","collaboration":"ISBN:  0822939231","usgsCitation":"Blom, E., Cullom, J., Farrell, J., Joyce, E., Klimkiewicz, M.K., Malcolm, J., Rasberry, D., Ringler, R., and Solem, J., 1996, Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Maryland and the District of Columbia, xx, 479.","productDescription":"xx, 479","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669440","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505807,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Therres, G.D.","contributorId":112178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Therres","given":"G.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505808,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Blom, E.A.T.","contributorId":94414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blom","given":"E.A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cullom, J.","contributorId":47892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cullom","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farrell, J.H.","contributorId":67193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrell","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joyce, E.D.","contributorId":33024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyce","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klimkiewicz, M. K.","contributorId":53490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klimkiewicz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Malcolm, J.G.","contributorId":39100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malcolm","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rasberry, D.A.","contributorId":103387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasberry","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ringler, R.F.","contributorId":100103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Solem, J.K.","contributorId":84863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solem","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":5200145,"text":"5200145 - 1996 - Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: Standard methods for mammals","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5210770,"text":"5210770 - 1996 - Voucher specimens","indexId":"5210770","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Voucher specimens"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5200145,"text":"5200145 - 1996 - Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: Standard methods for mammals","indexId":"5200145","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: Standard methods for mammals"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":5210793,"text":"5210793 - 1996 - Keys to a successful project: Associated data and planning: Data standards","indexId":"5210793","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Keys to a successful project: Associated data and planning: Data standards"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5200145,"text":"5200145 - 1996 - Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: Standard methods for mammals","indexId":"5200145","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: Standard methods for mammals"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-20T15:39:41","indexId":"5200145","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":13,"text":"Handbook"},"title":"Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: Standard methods for mammals","docAbstract":"<p><i>Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity: Standard Methods for Mammals</i><span> provides a comprehensive manual for designing and implementing inventories of mammalian biodiversity anywhere in the world and for any group, from rodents to open-country grazers. The book emphasizes formal estimation approaches, which supply data that can be compared across habitats and over time. Beginning with brief natural histories of the twenty-six orders of living mammals, the book details the field techniques—observation, capture, and sign interpretation—appropriate to different species. The contributors provide guidelines for study design, discuss survey planning, describe statistical techniques, and outline methods of translating field data into electronic formats. Extensive appendixes address such issues as the ethical treatment of animals in research, human health concerns, preserving voucher specimens, and assessing age, sex, and reproductive condition in mammals.</span><br><br><span>Useful in both developed and developing countries, this volume and the Biological Diversity Handbook Series as a whole establish essential standards for a key aspect of conservation biology and resource management.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Smithsonian Books","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","isbn":"1560986379","usgsCitation":"1996, Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: Standard methods for mammals, xxvii, 409 p.","productDescription":"xxvii, 409 p.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337890,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://smithsonianbooks.com/store/science-nature/measuring-monitoring-biological-diversity-stan/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db611578","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wilson, Don E.","contributorId":22254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505820,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, F. Russell","contributorId":111504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Russell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505821,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, James D. jnichols@usgs.gov","contributorId":139082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":505818,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rudran, Rasanayagam","contributorId":112332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudran","given":"Rasanayagam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505819,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foster, Mercedes S.","contributorId":72088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Mercedes","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505817,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70039554,"text":"70039554 - 1996 - National Digital Orthophoto Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-14T01:01:44","indexId":"70039554","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-08T13:21:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"National Digital Orthophoto Program","docAbstract":"A critical component of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) is Framework. Framework provides a base on which to collect, register, and integrate geospatial information accurately and consistently. The Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) proposed that Framework include geodetic control, orthoimagery, elevation, transportation, hydrography, governmental units, and cadastral data. The Mapping Science Committee of the National Research Council recommends that geodetic control, orthoimagery, and elevation data become the critical foundation of the NSDI. The National Digital Orthophoto Program (NDOP) is a working model on how Federal, State, and local government, as well as private industry, can participate to develop the orthoimagery Framework for the Nation.","language":"English","publisher":"USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039554","usgsCitation":"USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Farm Service Agency, National States Geographic Information Council, U.S. Forest Service, and Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, National Digital Orthophoto Program, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039554.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":259578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a61a9e4b0c8380cd71ac4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service","contributorId":127954,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service","id":535353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farm Service Agency","contributorId":127884,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Farm Service Agency","id":535351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"National States Geographic Information Council","contributorId":127907,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"National States Geographic Information Council","id":535352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"U.S. Forest Service","contributorId":128067,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Forest Service","id":535354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":80102,"text":"mineral1996 - 1996 - Mineral Commodity Summaries 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-04T11:01:24","indexId":"mineral1996","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":323,"text":"Mineral Commodity Summaries","code":"MCS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1996","title":"Mineral Commodity Summaries 1996","docAbstract":"This report is the earliest Government publication to furnish estimates covering 1995 nonfuel mineral industry data. Most of the estimates are based on at least 6 months of data. These data sheets contain information on the domestic industry structure, Government programs, tariffs, and 5-year salient statistics for over 90 individual minerals and materials. Most data are rounded to no more than 3 significant figures.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mineral1996","usgsCitation":"Mineral Commodity Summaries 1996; 1996; MINERAL; 1996; U.S. Geological Survey","productDescription":"Text; 3 Appendixes; Individual Commodity Data Sheets; Available online and on CD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9921,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635723","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":40014,"text":"fs17496 - 1996 - South Florida Ecosystem Program database development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-25T14:54:27.274883","indexId":"fs17496","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"174-96","displayTitle":"South Florida Ecosystem Program Database Development","title":"South Florida Ecosystem Program database development","docAbstract":"<h1>Purpose &nbsp;</h1><p>The South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Program is an intergovernmental effort to reestablish and maintain the ecosystem of south Florida. One element of the restoration effort is the development of a firm scientific basis for resource decision making. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is one of the agencies that provides scientific information as part of the South Florida Ecosystem Program (SFEP). The program, which was begun in fiscal year 1995, provides multidisciplinary hydrologic, cartographic, geologic, and biologic data that relate to the mainland of south Florida, the Florida Bay, and the Florida Keys and Reef ecosystems.</p><p>A database with established transfer formats, definitions, and spatial registration greatly promotes dissemination of scientific data and information in a cost-effective manner.</p><p>Shared databases may help elevate the quality and quantity of available information. By acquiring data from the database, individual users can certify and evaluate data. With appropriate management oversight, this generally leads to improved consistency and increased reliability in the database.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs17496","usgsCitation":"South Florida Ecosystem Program database development; 1996; FS; 174-96; Stapleton, J. A.; Sonenshein, Roy; Halley, Bob","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3525,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0174/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119560,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0174/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.00367070894046,\n              27\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.87874513277362,\n              27\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.87874513277362,\n              24.358839683418125\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.00367070894046,\n              24.358839683418125\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.00367070894046,\n              27\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","publishedDate":"1996-10-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e74b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stapleton, J.A.","contributorId":82376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapleton","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sonenshein, Roy","contributorId":73257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonenshein","given":"Roy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halley, Bob","contributorId":32584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"Bob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5619,"text":"fs15596 - 1996 - South Florida Ecosystem Program web site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-25T14:52:43.390442","indexId":"fs15596","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"155-96","title":"South Florida Ecosystem Program web site","docAbstract":"<h1>Introduction &nbsp;</h1><p>The South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Program is an intergovernmental effort, involving a number of agencies, to reestablish and maintain the ecosystem of south Florida. One element of the restoration effort is the development of a firm scientific basis for resource decision making. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), one of the agencies, provides scientific information a part of the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Program (SFEP). The USGS began their own program, called the South Florida Ecosystem Program, in fiscal year 1995 for the purpose of gathering hydrologic, cartographic, geologic, and biologic data that relate to the mainland of south Florida, Florida Bay, and the Florida Keys and Reef ecosystems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs15596","usgsCitation":"South Florida Ecosystem Program web site; 1996; FS; 155-96; Geological Survey (U.S.)","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0155/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":121490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0155/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.00367070894046,\n              27.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.87874513277362,\n              27.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.87874513277362,\n              24.358839683418125\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.00367070894046,\n              24.358839683418125\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.00367070894046,\n              27.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","publishedDate":"1996-10-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e74cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27317,"text":"wri944220 - 1996 - Selected geochemical characteristics of ground water from the Marshall aquifer in the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-29T13:59:20","indexId":"wri944220","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4220","title":"Selected geochemical characteristics of ground water from the Marshall aquifer in the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>Chemistry and stable-isotope data for water from wells completed in the Marshall aquifer within the Michigan Basin were used to prepare maps that show area! variations of&nbsp;δ<sup>18</sup>O; distribution of dissolved solids, dissolved chloride, dissolved iron, and dissolved sulfate; and distribution of hydrochemical facies. Delta oxygen-18 values indicate the presence of modern meteoric water (<span>δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span> approximately -10 parts per mil) as well as isotopically light meteoric water (<span>δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span> less than -15 parts per mil). Isotopically light ground water is present in the Michigan Lowland. Dissolved-solids concentrations range from 273 to 412,000 milligrams per liter, and dissolved-chloride concentrations range from less than 10 to greater than 250,000 milligrams per liter. Dissolved-solids and dissolved-chloride concentrations increase toward the center of the study area. Dissolved-iron concentrations which range from less than 0.002 to 100 milligrams per liter, are low in the subcrop areas, and increase toward the center of the study area. Dissolved-sulfate concentrations range from 4.5 to 3,500 milligrams per liter and generally increase then decrease from the subcrop area toward the center of the study area. Most ground water in the Marshall aquifer is classified as either a calcium bicarbonate or a sodium chloride type.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri944220","usgsCitation":"Ging, P.B., Long, D.T., and Lee, R.W., 1996, Selected geochemical characteristics of ground water from the Marshall aquifer in the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4220, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944220.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56186,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4220/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4220/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Central lower peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.3917236328125, 44.327777761284445 ], [ -83.507080078125, 44.3906169787868 ], [ -83.6224365234375, 44.457309801319305 ], [ -83.8201904296875, 44.555249259710656 ], [ -83.9520263671875, 44.59046718130883 ], [ -84.078369140625, 44.63739123445585 ], [ -84.1827392578125, 44.653024159812 ], [ -84.3695068359375, 44.680371641890375 ], [ -84.5892333984375, 44.680371641890375 ], [ -84.715576171875, 44.68427737181225 ], [ -84.869384765625, 44.68427737181225 ], [ -85.23193359375, 44.62566377574355 ], [ -85.39672851562499, 44.55133484083592 ], [ -85.59997558593749, 44.42593442145313 ], [ -85.726318359375, 44.34742225636393 ], [ -85.8526611328125, 44.24913396886894 ], [ -86.055908203125, 44.07574700247847 ], [ -86.11083984375, 43.98491011404692 ], [ 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}\n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa5aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ging, Patricia B. 0000-0001-5491-8448 pbging@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-8448","contributorId":1788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ging","given":"Patricia","email":"pbging@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, David T.","contributorId":20364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":21708,"text":"ofr96517 - 1996 - Damage and restoration of geodetic infrastructure caused by the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-19T08:28:08","indexId":"ofr96517","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-517","title":"Damage and restoration of geodetic infrastructure caused by the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"<p>We seek to restore the integrity of the geodetic network in the San Fernando, Simi, Santa Clarita Valleys and in the northern Los Angeles Basin by remeasurement of the network and identification of BMs which experienced non-tectonic displacements associated with the Northridge earthquake. We then use the observed displacement of BMs in the network to portray or predict the permanent vertical and horizontal deformation associated with the 1994 Northridge earthquake throughout the area, including sites where we lack geodetic measurements. To accomplish this, we find the fault geometry and earthquake slip that are most compatible with the geodetic and independent seismic observations of the earthquake. We then use that fault model to predict the deformation everywhere at the earth's surface, both at locations where geodetic observations exist and also where they are absent.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>We compare displacements predicted for a large number of numerical models of the earthquake faulting to the coseismic displacements, treating the earthquake fault as a cut or discontinuity embedded in a stiff elastic solid. This comparison is made after non-tectonic deformation has been removed from the measured elevation changes. The fault slip produces strain in the medium and deforms the ground surface. The model compatible with seismic observations that best fits the geodetic data within their uncertainties is selected. The acceptable model fault bisects the mainshock focus, and the earthquake size , magnitude, is compatible with the earthquake size measured seismically. Our fault model was used to identify geodetic monuments on engineered structures that were anomalously displaced by the earthquake.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96517","issn":"0566-8174","collaboration":"Produced in cooperation with the California Department of Transporation, the National Geodetic Survey, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Hodgkinson, K.M., Stein, R.S., Hudnut, K.W., Satalich, J., and Richards, J.H., 1996, Damage and restoration of geodetic infrastructure caused by the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-517, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96517.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1157,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0517/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":153905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr96517.jpg"},{"id":284192,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0517/fema/index.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Los Angeles Basin;San Fernando Valley;Santa Clarita Valley;Simi Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.2494,33.499 ], [ -119.2494,34.7489 ], [ -117.9355,34.7489 ], [ -117.9355,33.499 ], [ -119.2494,33.499 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e980","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodgkinson, Kathleen M.","contributorId":80179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkinson","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, Ross S. 0000-0001-7586-3933 rstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-3933","contributorId":2604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Ross","email":"rstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudnut, Kenneth W. 0000-0002-3168-4797 hudnut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-4797","contributorId":2550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Kenneth","email":"hudnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Satalich, Jay","contributorId":108023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Satalich","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richards, John H.","contributorId":34821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":22679,"text":"ofr96376 - 1996 - Digital geologic map of Lawton quadrangle, southwestern Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-05T16:54:01.778514","indexId":"ofr96376","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-376","title":"Digital geologic map of Lawton quadrangle, southwestern Oklahoma","docAbstract":"This data set consists of digital data and accompanying documentation for the surficial geology of the 1:250,000-scale Lawton quadrangle, Oklahoma. The original data are from the Geologic Map, sheet 1 of 4, included in the Oklahoma Geological Survey publication, 'Reconnaissance of the water resources of the Lawton quadrangle, southwestern Oklahoma', Hydrologic Atlas 6, Havens, 1977. The geology was compiled by R.O. Fay, in 1967-68 and J.S. Havens, in 1973.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96376","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Cederstrand, J.R., 1996, Digital geologic map of Lawton quadrangle, southwestern Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-376, 1 CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96376.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400309,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_40014.htm"},{"id":154603,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":463704,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0376/ofr96376.zip","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Lawton quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -100,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -100,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -98,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -98,\n              34\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db6849d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cederstrand, Joel R.","contributorId":15223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cederstrand","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5143,"text":"fs21895 - 1996 - Borehole geophysical logging for water-resources investigations in Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-09T12:47:24","indexId":"fs21895","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"218-95","title":"Borehole geophysical logging for water-resources investigations in Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>Borehole geophysical logging is a procedure to collect and transmit specific information about the geologic formations penetrated by a well by raising and lowering a set of probes or sondes that contain water-tight instruments in the well. 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 \"}}]}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\">Pennsylvania Water Science Center</a> <br> U.S. Geological Survey <br> 215 Limekiln Road <br> New Cumberland, PA 17070</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>What is Borehole Geophysical Logging?</li><li>Why Log A Well?</li><li>How Do Well Logs Provide Useful Information?</li><li>What Types of Geophysical Logs Are Collected by the U.S. Geological Survey<br>in Pennsylvania?</li><li>How Are Well-Log Data Stored?</li><li>Summary</li><li>Refrences Cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602a16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conger, Randall W. rwconger@usgs.gov","contributorId":2086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conger","given":"Randall","email":"rwconger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30455,"text":"wri944242 - 1996 - Configuration of freshwater/saline-water interface and geologic controls on distribution of freshwater in a regional aquifer system, central lower peninsula of Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T14:45:56","indexId":"wri944242","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4242","title":"Configuration of freshwater/saline-water interface and geologic controls on distribution of freshwater in a regional aquifer system, central lower peninsula of Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>Electrical-resistivity logs and water-quality data were used to delineate the fresh water/saline-water interface in a 22,000-square-mile area of the central Michigan Basin, where Mississippian and younger geologic units form a regional system of aquifers and confining units.</p><p>Pleistocene glacial deposits in the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan contain freshwater, except in a 1,600-square-mile area within the Saginaw Lowlands, where these deposits typically contain saline water. Pennsylvanian and Mississippian sandstones are freshwater bearing where they subcrop below permeable Pleistocene glacial deposits. Down regional dip from subcrop areas, salinity of ground water progressively increases in Early Pennsylvanian and Mississippian sandstones, and these units contain brine in the central part of the basin. Freshwater is present in Late Pennsylvanian sandstones in the northern and southern parts of the aquifer system. Typically, saline water is present in Pennsylvanian sandstones in the eastern and western parts of the aquifer system.</p><p>Relief on the freshwater/saline-water interface is about 500 feet. Altitudes of the interface are low (300 to 400 feet above sea level) along a north-south-trending corridor through the approximate center of the area mapped. In isolated areas in the northern and western parts of the aquifer system, the altitude of the base of freshwater is less than 400 feet, but altitude is typically more than 400 feet. In the southern and northern parts of the aquifer system where Pennsylvanian rocks are thin or absent, altitudes of the base of freshwater range from 700 to 800 feet and from 500 to 700 feet above sea level, respectively.</p><p>Geologic controls on distribution of freshwater in the regional aquifer system are (1) direct hydraulic connection of sandstone aquifers and freshwater-bearing, permeable glacial deposits, (2) impedance of upward discharge of saline water from sandstones by lodgement tills, (3) impedance of recharge of freshwater to bedrock (or discharge of saline water from bedrock) by Jurassic red beds, and (4) vertical barriers to ground-water flow within and between sandstone units.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri944242","usgsCitation":"Westjohn, D.B., and Weaver, T.L., 1996, Configuration of freshwater/saline-water interface and geologic controls on distribution of freshwater in a regional aquifer system, central lower peninsula of Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4242, iv, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944242.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4242/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59235,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4242/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.3917236328125, 44.327777761284445 ], [ -83.507080078125, 44.3906169787868 ], [ -83.6224365234375, 44.457309801319305 ], [ -83.8201904296875, 44.555249259710656 ], [ -83.9520263671875, 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L.","contributorId":24339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28685,"text":"wri934220 - 1996 - Selected geochemical characteristics of ground water from the Saginaw aquifer in the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T21:38:31.91591","indexId":"wri934220","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4220","title":"Selected geochemical characteristics of ground water from the Saginaw aquifer in the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>Chemical and stable-isotope data of water from wells completed in the Saginaw aquifer in the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan were used to prepare maps that show areal variation of δ<sup>18</sup>O; distribution of dissolved solids, dissolved chloride, dissolved iron, dissolved sulfate; and distribution of hydrochemical facies. Delta oxygen-18 values indicate the presence of modern meteoric water (δ<sup>18</sup>O approximately -10 parts per thousand) and glacial-age meteoric water, which is isotopically light (δ<sup>18</sup>O less than -15 parts per thousand). Isotopically light ground water is present in the Saginaw Bay Area in the eastern part of the study area. Dissolved-solids concentration ranges from 41 to 92,300 milligrams per liter, and dissolved-chloride concentrations range from less than 1 to 55,000 milligrams per liter. Dissolved-solids and dissolved-chloride concentrations increase toward Saginaw Bay. Dissolved-iron and dissolved-sulfate concentration ranges from 0.01 to 7.80 and 0.2 to 3,500 milligrams per liter, respectively. Most ground water from the Saginaw aquifer is classified as calcium bicarbonate, calcium sulfate, or sodium chloride.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri934220","usgsCitation":"Meissner, B.D., Long, D.T., and Lee, R.W., 1996, Selected geochemical characteristics of ground water from the Saginaw aquifer in the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4220, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934220.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57525,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4220/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4220/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":407922,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47906.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Saginaw aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.5,\n              42.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.25,\n              42.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.25,\n              44\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.5,\n              44\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.5,\n              42.1667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa619","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meissner, B. D.","contributorId":35364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meissner","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, David T.","contributorId":20364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5622,"text":"fs16296 - 1996 - South Florida High-accuracy elevation data collection project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-25T14:56:24.520293","indexId":"fs16296","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"162-96","displayTitle":"South Florida High-Accuracy Elevation Data Collection Project","title":"South Florida High-accuracy elevation data collection project","docAbstract":"<h1>Background</h1><p>The major issues facing ecosystem restoration and management in south Florida are centered on the availability and distribution of clean, fresh water. Surface water flow modeling studies are an important aspect of the scientific information needs of the ecosystem restoration initiative. Hydrologic models provide much needed predictive capabilities for evaluating options for management of parks, refuges, and lands planned for acquisition, as well as for understanding the impacts of land management practices in surrounding areas. Models must account for the expansive and extremely low relief terrain of south Florida, where surface waters of the natural system are transported by sheet flow from Lake Okeechobee through the Everglades to Florida Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. To model sheet flows, highly accurate elevation data that define the surface topography are required as the most critical input parameter to the Natural Systems Model and other hydrologic models. These data are necessary for calculating water surface slope, depth, velocity, and direction of flow. Hydrologists have stated vertical accuracy requirements of between 3 and 15 centimeters. These accuracy requirements are so stringent, because of the extremely flat terrain, that any standard or other currently available data products would not suffice for this modeling application.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs16296","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, South Florida High-accuracy elevation data collection project: U.S. Geological Survey Fact 1996–162, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs16296.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118357,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0162/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":283,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0162/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","publishedDate":"1996-10-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7478","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":32293,"text":"ofr96291 - 1996 - Digital bedrock geologic map database of the Beatty 30 x 60-minute quadrangle, Nevada and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T21:27:21.570234","indexId":"ofr96291","displayToPublicDate":"2000-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-291","title":"Digital bedrock geologic map database of the Beatty 30 x 60-minute quadrangle, Nevada and California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96291","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.D., Sawyer, D.A., Nimz, K., Maldonado, F., and Swadley, W.C., 1996, Digital bedrock geologic map database of the Beatty 30 x 60-minute quadrangle, Nevada and California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-291, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96291.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":397819,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22661.htm"},{"id":8726,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-291/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Beatty 30 X 60-minute quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117,36.5 ], [ -117,37 ], [ -116,37 ], [ -116,36.5 ], [ -117,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d5d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, Michael D.","contributorId":106178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sawyer, David A. dsawyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"David","email":"dsawyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":208164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nimz, Kathryn","contributorId":6503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimz","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maldonado, Florian fmaldona@usgs.gov","contributorId":805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maldonado","given":"Florian","email":"fmaldona@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":208163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swadley, W. C.","contributorId":46940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swadley","given":"W.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":30003,"text":"wri964051 - 1996 - Location and depth of sand and clay intervals in Jackson County, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-20T10:51:31","indexId":"wri964051","displayToPublicDate":"2000-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4051","title":"Location and depth of sand and clay intervals in Jackson County, Mississippi","docAbstract":"<p>Driller's logs and geophysical logs from various sources were used to compile information on the location and depth of water-bearing sands and intervening clays in Jackson County, southeastern Mississippi. Each log was checked for accuracy of location and for adequate description of subsurface materials. Generally, data for sand intervals greater than about 20 feet in thickness and less than 2,000 feet below land surface were compiled. Data from more than 1,600 logs were compiled. Well logs generally showed two or three sand intervals, but as many as seven were reported. Compiled sand intervals averaged about 48 feet in thickness, and well depths averaged about 417 feet below land surface. Data determined from each log were entered into a geographic information system (GIS) data base. A graphical representation of each well log is presented. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964051","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Jackson County Board of Supervisors","usgsCitation":"Strom, E.W., and Oakley, W.T., 1996, Location and depth of sand and clay intervals in Jackson County, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4051, Report: iv, 120 p.; 4 Plates: 23.00 x 27.20 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964051.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 120 p.; 4 Plates: 23.00 x 27.20 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":360613,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4051/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360614,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4051/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360612,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4051/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360615,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4051/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4051/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58809,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4051/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","county":"Jackson County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.83333333,\n              30.321915039121063\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.39462280273438,\n              30.321915039121063\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.39462280273438,\n              30.70833333\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.83333333,\n              30.70833333\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.83333333,\n              30.321915039121063\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a68e4b07f02db63b8d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strom, Eric W. ewstrom@usgs.gov","contributorId":337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"Eric","email":"ewstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oakley, William T.","contributorId":70815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5056,"text":"fs04896 - 1996 - U. S. Geological Survey programs in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-29T09:58:38","indexId":"fs04896","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"048-96","title":"U. S. Geological Survey programs in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>&nbsp;The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has served as the Nation&rsquo;s principal collector, repository, and interpreter of earth science data for more than a century. In this capacity, the USGS in Wisconsin works in partnership with State, county, municipal public works departments, public health agencies, water and sanitation districts, Indian agencies, and other Federal agencies. This Fact Sheet describes some of the current USGS activities in Wisconsin.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs04896","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, U. S. 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