{"pageNumber":"1277","pageRowStart":"31900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40904,"records":[{"id":70019636,"text":"70019636 - 1997 - Simulating reservoir leakage in ground-water models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-08T01:16:35.750417","indexId":"70019636","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating reservoir leakage in ground-water models","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Leakage to ground water resulting from the expansion and contraction of reservoirs cannot be easily simulated by most ground-water flow models. An algorithm, entitled the Reservoir Package, was developed for the United States Geological Survey (USGS) three-dimensional finite-difference modular ground-water flow model MODFLOW. The Reservoir Package automates the process of specifying head-dependent boundary cells, eliminating the need to divide a simulation into many stress periods while improving accuracy in simulating changes in ground-water levels resulting from transient reservoir stage. Leakage between the reservoir and the underlying aquifer is simulated for each model cell corrresponding to the inundated area by multiplying the head difference between the reservoir and the aquifer with the hydraulic conductance of the reservoir-bed sediments.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00158.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Fenske, J., Leake, S.A., and Prudic, D.E., 1997, Simulating reservoir leakage in ground-water models: Groundwater, v. 35, no. 5, p. 895-897, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00158.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"895","endPage":"897","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228284,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fc8e4b08c986b319125","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenske, J.P.","contributorId":82345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenske","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019633,"text":"70019633 - 1997 - Accelerated relative sea-level rise and rapid coastal erosion: Testing a causal relationship for the Louisiana barrier islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:18","indexId":"70019633","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accelerated relative sea-level rise and rapid coastal erosion: Testing a causal relationship for the Louisiana barrier islands","docAbstract":"The role of relative sea-level rise as a cause for the rapid erosion of Louisiana's barrier island coast is investigated through a numerical implementation of a modified Bruun rule that accounts for the low percentage of sand-sized sediment in the eroding Louisiana shoreface. Shore-normal profiles from 150 km of coastline west of the Mississippi delta are derived from bathymetric surveys conducted during the 1880s. 1930s and 1980s. An RMS difference criterion is employed to test whether an equilibrium profile form is maintained between survey years. Only about half the studied profiles meet the equilibrium Criterion this represents a significant limitation on the potential applicability of the Bruun rule. The profiles meeting the equilibrium criterion, along with measured rates of relative sea-level rise, are used to hindcast shoreline retreat rates at 37 locations within the study area. Modeled and observed shoreline retreat rates show no significant correlation. Thus in terms of the Bruun approach relative sea-level rise has no power for hindcasting (and presumably forecasting) rates of coastal erosion for the Louisiana barrier islands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00035-2","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"List, J.H., Sallenger, A.H., Hansen, M.E., and Jaffe, B.E., 1997, Accelerated relative sea-level rise and rapid coastal erosion: Testing a causal relationship for the Louisiana barrier islands: Marine Geology, v. 140, no. 3-4, p. 347-365, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00035-2.","startPage":"347","endPage":"365","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206082,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00035-2"},{"id":228241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"140","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e666e4b0c8380cd473c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"List, J. H.","contributorId":70406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sallenger, A. H. Jr.","contributorId":8818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, M. E.","contributorId":71157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaffe, B. E.","contributorId":88327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019631,"text":"70019631 - 1997 - Climatic controls of western U.S. glaciers at the last glacial maximum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:18","indexId":"70019631","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic controls of western U.S. glaciers at the last glacial maximum","docAbstract":"We use a nested atmospheric modeling strategy to simulate precipitation and temperature of the western United States 18,000 years ago (18 ka). The high resolution of the nested model allows us to isolate the regional structure of summer temperature and winter precipitation that is crucial to determination of the net mass balance of late-Pleistocene mountain glaciers in this region of diverse topography and climate. Modeling results suggest that climatic controls of these glaciers varied significantly over the western U.S. Glaciers in the northern Rocky Mountains existed under relatively cold July temperatures and low winter accumulation, reflecting anticyclonic, easterly wind flow off the Laurentide Ice Sheet. In contrast, glaciers that existed under relatively warmer and wetter conditions are located along the Pacific coast south of Oregon, where enhanced westerlies delivered higher precipitation than at present. Between these two groupings lie glaciers that were controlled by a mix of cold and wet conditions attributed to the convergence of cold air from the ice sheet and moisture derived from the westerlies. Sensitivity tests suggest that, for our simulated 18 ka climate, many of the glaciers exhibit a variable response to climate but were generally more sensitive to changes in temperature than to changes in precipitation, particularly those glaciers in central Idaho and the Yellowstone Plateau. Our results support arguments that temperature depression generally played a larger role in lowering equilibrium line altitudes in the western U.S. during the last glacial maximum than did increased precipitation, although the magnitude of temperature depression required for steady-state mass balance varied from 8-18??C. Only the Sierra Nevada glaciers required a substantial increase in precipitation to achieve steady-state mass balance, while glaciers in the Cascade Range existed with decreased precipitation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(96)00116-3","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, S.W., and Clark, P., 1997, Climatic controls of western U.S. glaciers at the last glacial maximum: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 16, no. 6, p. 505-511, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(96)00116-3.","startPage":"505","endPage":"511","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206077,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(96)00116-3"}],"volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f65fe4b0c8380cd4c718","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, P.U.","contributorId":78449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"P.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019629,"text":"70019629 - 1997 - A dynamic balance between magma supply and eruption rate at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T15:54:08.371646","indexId":"70019629","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A dynamic balance between magma supply and eruption rate at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>The dynamic balance between magma supply and vent output at Kilauea volcano is used to estimate both the volume of magma stored within Kilauea volcano and its magma supply rate. Throughout most of 1991 a linear decline in volume flux from the Kupaianaha vent on Kilauea's east rift zone was associated with a parabolic variation in the elevation of Kilauea's summit as vent output initially exceeded then lagged behind the magma supply to the volcano. The correspondence between summit elevation and tilt established with over 30 years of data provided daily estimates of summit elevation in terms of summit tilt. The minimum in the parabolic variation in summit tilt and elevation (or zero elevation change) occurs when the magma supply to the reservoir from below the volcano equals the magma output from the reservoir to the surface, so that the magma supply rate is given by vent flux on that day. The measurements of vent flux and tilt establish that the magma supply rate to Kilauea volcano on June 19, 1991, was 217,000±10,000 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/d (or 0.079±0.004 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>/yr). This is close to the average eruptive rate of 0.08 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>/yr between 1958 and 1984. In addition, the predictable response of summit elevation and tilt to each east rift zone eruption near Puu Oo since 1983 shows that summit deformation is also a measure of magma reservoir pressure. Given this, the correlation between the elevation of the Puu Oo lava lake (4 km uprift of Kupaianaha and 18 km from the summit) and summit tilt provides an estimate for magma pressure changes corresponding to summit tilt changes. The ratio of the change in volume to the change in reservoir pressure (</span><i>dV</i><span>/</span><i>dP</i><span>) during vent activity may be determined by dividing the ratio of volume erupted to change in summit tilt (</span><i>dV</i><span>/</span><i>d</i><sub>tilt</sub><span>) by the ratio of pressure change to change in summit tilt (</span><i>dP</i><span>/</span><i>d</i><sub>tilt</sub><span>). This measure of&nbsp;</span><i>dV</i><span>/</span><i>dP</i><span>, when combined with laboratory measurements of the bulk modulus of tholeitic melt, provides an estimate of 240±50 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;for the volume of Kilauea's magma reservoir. This estimate is much larger than traditional estimates but consistent with seismic tomographic imaging and geophysical modeling of Kilauea's magma system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB01071","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Denlinger, R., 1997, A dynamic balance between magma supply and eruption rate at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B8, p. 18091-18100, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB01071.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"18091","endPage":"18100","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479017,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97jb01071","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228166,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-08-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3c7e4b0c8380cd4620b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denlinger, R.P.","contributorId":49367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019618,"text":"70019618 - 1997 - Crustal structure along the west flank of the Cascades, western Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-05T13:48:16.727259","indexId":"70019618","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure along the west flank of the Cascades, western Washington","docAbstract":"<p>Knowledge of the crustal structure of the Washington Cascades and adjacent Puget Lowland is important to both earthquake hazards studies and geologic studies of the evolution of this tectonically active region. We present a model for crustal velocity structure derived from analysis of seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection data collected in 1991 in western Washington. The 280-km-long north-south transect skirts the west flank of the Cascades as it crosses three tectonic provinces including the Northwest Cascades Thrust System (NWCS), the Puget Lowland, and the volcanic arc of the southern Cascades. Within the NWCS, upper crustal velocities range from 4.2 to 5.7 km s-1 and are consistent with the presence of a diverse suite of Mesozoic and Paleozoic metasediments and metavolcanics. In the upper 2-3 km of the Puget Lowland velocities drop to 1.7-3.5 km s-1 and reflect the occurrence of Oligocene to recent sediments within the basin. In the southern Washington Cascades, upper crustal velocities range from 4.0 to 5.5 km s-1 and are consistent with a large volume of Tertiary sediments and volcanics. A sharp change in velocity gradient at 5-10 km marks the division between the upper and middle crust. From approximately 10 to 35 km depth the velocity field is characterized by a velocity increase from ???6.0 to 7.2 km s-1. These high velocities do not support the presence of marine sedimentary rocks at depths of 10-20 km beneath the Cascades as previously proposed on the basis of magnetotelluric data. Crustal thickness ranges from 42 to 47 km along the profile. The lowermost crust consists of a 2 to 8-km-thick transitional layer with velocities of 7.3-7.4 km s-1. The upper mantle velocity appears to be an unusually low 7.6-7.8 km s-1. When compared to velocity models from other regions, this model most closely resembles those found in active continental arcs. Distinct seismicity patterns can be associated with individual tectonic provinces along the seismic transect. In the NWCS and Puget Lowland, most of the seismicity occurs below the base of the upper crust as defined by a seismic boundary at 5-10 km depth and continues to 20-30 km depth. The region of transition between the NWCS and the Puget Lowland appears as a gap in seismicity with notably less seismic activity north of the boundary between the two. Earthquakes within the Cascades are generally shallower (0-20 km) and are dominated by events associated with the Rainier Seismic Zone.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/97JB00882","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Miller, K., Keller, G.R., Gridley, J., Luetgert, J.H., Mooney, W.D., and Thybo, H., 1997, Crustal structure along the west flank of the Cascades, western Washington: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B8, p. 17857-17873, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB00882.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"17857","endPage":"17873","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487269,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97jb00882","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascades","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.82714843749999,\n              45.55252525134013\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.4873046875,\n              45.55252525134013\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.4873046875,\n              49.081062364320736\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.82714843749999,\n              49.081062364320736\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.82714843749999,\n              45.55252525134013\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-08-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fce5e4b0c8380cd4e4cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, K.C.","contributorId":81118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keller, Gordon R.","contributorId":90280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gridley, J.M.","contributorId":62772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gridley","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luetgert, James H. luetgert@usgs.gov","contributorId":4203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luetgert","given":"James","email":"luetgert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":383337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thybo, H.","contributorId":57599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thybo","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70019617,"text":"70019617 - 1997 - Seismic-geodynamic constraints on three-dimensional structure, vertical flow, and heat transfer in the mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T15:50:22.154743","indexId":"70019617","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic-geodynamic constraints on three-dimensional structure, vertical flow, and heat transfer in the mantle","docAbstract":"<p><span>Joint inversions of seismic and geodynamic data are carried out in which we simultaneously constrain global-scale seismic heterogeneity in the mantle as well as the amplitude of vertical mantle flow across the 670 km seismic discontinuity. These inversions reveal the existence of a family of three-dimensional (3-D) mantle models that satisfy the data while at the same time yielding predictions of layered mantle flow. The new 3-D mantle models we obtain demonstrate that the buoyancy forces due to the undulations of the 670 km phase-change boundary strongly inhibit the vertical flow between the upper and lower mantle. The strong stabilizing effect of the 670 km topography also has an important impact on the predicted dynamic topography of the Earth's solid surface and on the surface gravity anomalies. The new 3-D models that predict strongly or partially layered mantle flow provide essentially identical fits to the global seismic data as previous models that have, until now, predicted only whole-mantle flow. The convective vertical transport of heat across the mantle predicted on the basis of the new 3-D models shows that the heat flow is a minimum at 1000 km depth. This suggests the presence at this depth of a globally defined horizon across which the pattern of lateral heterogeneity changes rapidly.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB01276","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Forte, A., and Woodward, R., 1997, Seismic-geodynamic constraints on three-dimensional structure, vertical flow, and heat transfer in the mantle: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B8, p. 17981-17994, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB01276.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"17981","endPage":"17994","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489050,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97jb01276","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228010,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-08-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b7be4b08c986b317878","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forte, A.M.","contributorId":93224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forte","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodward, R.L.","contributorId":46237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019616,"text":"70019616 - 1997 - Tracing Recharge from Sinking Streams over Spatial Dimensions of Kilometers in a Karst Aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-08T01:19:04.065639","indexId":"70019616","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracing Recharge from Sinking Streams over Spatial Dimensions of Kilometers in a Karst Aquifer","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen were used to trace the sources of recharge from sinking streams to wells and springs several kilometers downgradient in the karst Madison aquifer near Rapid City, South Dakota. Temporal sampling of streamflow above the swallets identified a distinct isotopic signature that was used to define the spatial dimensions of recharge to the aquifer. When more than one sinking stream was determined to be recharging a well or spring, the proportions were approximated using a two-component mixing model. From the isotopic analysis, it is possible to link sinking stream recharge to individual wells or springs in the Rapid City area and illustrate there is significant lateral movement of ground water across surface drainage basins. These results emphasize that well-head protection strategies developed for carbonate aquifers that provide industrial and municipal water supplies need to consider lateral movement of ground-water flow from adjacent surface drainage basins.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00159.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Greene, E., 1997, Tracing Recharge from Sinking Streams over Spatial Dimensions of Kilometers in a Karst Aquifer: Groundwater, v. 35, no. 5, p. 898-904, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00159.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"898","endPage":"904","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227967,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb68ee4b08c986b326d2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greene, E.A.","contributorId":75575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019606,"text":"70019606 - 1997 - Statistical modeling of agricultural chemical occurrence in midwestern rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-14T06:49:45","indexId":"70019606","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical modeling of agricultural chemical occurrence in midwestern rivers","docAbstract":"Agricultural chemicals in surface water may constitute a human health risk or have adverse effects on aquatic life. Recent research on unregulated rivers in the midwestern USA documents that elevated concentrations of herbicides occur for 1-4 months following application in late spring and early summer. In contrast, nitrate concentrations in unregulated rivers are elevated during fall, winter, and spring months. Natural and anthropogenic variables of fiver drainage basins, such as soil permeability, amount of agricultural chemicals applied, or percentage of land planted in corn, affect agricultural chemical concentration and mass transport in rivers. Presented is an analysis of selected data on agricultural chemicals collected for three regional studies conducted by the US Geological Survey. Statistical techniques such as multiple linear and logistic regression were used to identify natural and anthropogenic variables of drainage basins that have strong relations to agricultural chemical concentrations and mass transport measured in rivers. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to manage and analyze spatial data. Statistical models were developed that estimated the concentration, annual transport, and annual mean concentration of selected agricultural chemicals in midwestern rivers. Multiple linear regression models were not very successful (R2 from 0.162 to 0.517) in explaining the variance in observed agricultural chemical concentrations during post-planting runoff. Logistic regression models were somewhat more successful, correctly matching the observed concentration category in 61-80% of observations. Linear and multiple linear regression models were moderately successful (R2 from 0.522 to 0.995) in explaining the variance in observed annual transport and annual mean concentration of agricultural chemicals. Explanatory variables that were commonly significant in the regression models include estimates of agricultural chemical use, crop acreage, soil characteristics, and basin topography.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00011-5","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W., and Goolsby, D.A., 1997, Statistical modeling of agricultural chemical occurrence in midwestern rivers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 196, no. 1-4, p. 1-25, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00011-5.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"25","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205996,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00011-5"}],"volume":"196","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9732e4b08c986b31b940","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, W.A.","contributorId":16376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019605,"text":"70019605 - 1997 - Late quaternary regional geoarchaeology of Southeast Alaska Karst: A progress report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-15T14:56:00.797743","indexId":"70019605","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1750,"text":"Geoarchaeology - An International Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late quaternary regional geoarchaeology of Southeast Alaska Karst: A progress report","docAbstract":"Karst systems, sea caves, and rock shelters within the coastal temperate rain forest of Alaska's Alexander Archipelago preserve important records of regional archaeology, sea level history, glacial and climatic history, and vertebrate paleontology. Two 14C AMS dates on human bone discovered in a remote cave (49-PET-408) on Prince of Wales Island document the oldest reliably dated human in Alaska to ca. 9800 B.P. A series of 14C AMS dates from cave deposits span the past 40,000 years and provide the first evidence of Pleistocene faunas from the northwest coast of North America. Other discoveries include sea caves and marine beach deposits elevated above modern sea level, extensive solution caves, and mammalian remains of species previously undocumented within the region. Records of human activity, including cave art, artifacts, and habitation sites may provide new insights into the early human colonization of the Americas. ??1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1520-6548(199709)12:6<689::AID-GEA8>3.0.CO;2-V","usgsCitation":"Dixon, E.J., Heaton, T.H., Fifield, T.E., Hamilton, T.D., Putnam, D.E., and Grady, F., 1997, Late quaternary regional geoarchaeology of Southeast Alaska Karst: A progress report: Geoarchaeology - An International Journal, v. 12, no. 6, p. 689-712, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6548(199709)12:6<689::AID-GEA8>3.0.CO;2-V.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"689","endPage":"712","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227796,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -132.4253393670596,\n              54.54962119174465\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.18357822921988,\n              54.87241555791687\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.88260884415075,\n              55.73325432305808\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.2770202870867,\n              55.96671825608968\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.75272676803257,\n              55.8672007590543\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.91380205726588,\n              55.430368151787576\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.22801127618266,\n              55.7864366581189\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.09725441603968,\n              56.06814783654693\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.54724546986958,\n              56.61853263126696\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.1743998354103,\n              57.0406271945165\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.83970187842814,\n              57.13751525892221\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.85927548521607,\n              57.77491880271535\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.5609827660807,\n              58.23876783794282\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.04307394763137,\n              58.46699840976302\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.02213543258802,\n              58.107593521706974\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.8346521361579,\n              58.34307947231849\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.89183434762677,\n              58.0323817336932\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.93297088071628,\n              56.95629656678986\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.8044762808644,\n              56.14629535162416\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.14501819896563,\n              55.67151953023151\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.38042641092593,\n              55.011501466187696\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.86978516937893,\n              54.48621130384299\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.4253393670596,\n              54.54962119174465\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4557e4b0c8380cd67232","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dixon, E. J.","contributorId":65239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dixon","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heaton, T. H.","contributorId":64671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heaton","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fifield, T. E.","contributorId":81264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fifield","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamilton, Thomas D.","contributorId":91474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Putnam, D. E.","contributorId":35485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Putnam","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grady, F.","contributorId":66868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grady","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70019603,"text":"70019603 - 1997 - Seismic reflection images beneath Puget Sound, western Washington State: The Puget Lowland thrust sheet hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-04T13:58:38.369193","indexId":"70019603","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic reflection images beneath Puget Sound, western Washington State: The Puget Lowland thrust sheet hypothesis","docAbstract":"<p><span>Seismic reflection data show that the densely populated Puget Lowland of western Washington state is underlain by subhorizontal Paleogene and Neogene sedimentary rocks deformed by west and northwest trending faults and folds. From south to north beneath the Lowland, features seen on the seismic data include: the horizontally-stratified, 3.5 km thick Tacoma sedimentary basin; the Seattle uplift with south dipping (∼20°) strata on its south flank and steeply (50° to 90°) north dipping strata and the west-trending Seattle fault on its north flank; the 7.5 km thick, northward-thinning Seattle sedimentary basin; the antiformal Kingston arch; and the northwest trending, transpressional Southern Whidbey Island fault zone (SWIF). Interpreting the uplifts as fault-bend and fault-propagation folds leads to the hypothesis that the Puget Lowland lies on a north directed thrust sheet. The base of the thrust sheet may lie at 14 to 20 km depth within or at the base of a thick block of basaltic Crescent Formation; its edges may be right-lateral strike-slip faults along the base of the Cascade Range on the east and the Olympic Mountains on the west. Our model suggests that the Seattle fault has a long-term slip rate of about 0.25 mm/year and is large enough to generate a&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>7.6 to 7.7 earthquake.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB01830","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Pratt, T.L., Johnson, S., Potter, C., Stephenson, W., and Finn, C.A., 1997, Seismic reflection images beneath Puget Sound, western Washington State: The Puget Lowland thrust sheet hypothesis: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. 12, p. 27469-27489, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB01830.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"27469","endPage":"27489","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479953,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97jb01830","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227757,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.84781116719083,\n              47.049693329536154\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.90931142816876,\n              47.06715055915913\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4736840822838,\n              47.070641309975855\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4890591650796,\n              47.24836650386561\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.31480822672559,\n              47.304000933946384\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1251822055755,\n              47.44976305755432\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.05343181919429,\n              47.640032865783496\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.17643248156187,\n              47.81928935027662\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09955706758228,\n              48.04934515630055\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.23793281274567,\n              48.117820205388455\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.31480822672559,\n              48.30224764776912\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.43780888909318,\n              48.42823125030364\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.26868297833758,\n              48.492804453068544\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.26868297833758,\n              48.74351742913896\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.71456044962613,\n              49.006435257715\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.32956376146412,\n              49.00307325804769\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.84206652132899,\n              48.972805046528606\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.79081624534261,\n              48.932418827094494\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.64219044498181,\n              48.86503579993828\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.46281447902882,\n              48.62509211277495\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.3808140374505,\n              48.49620072239327\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.314188678668,\n              48.42823120526424\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.95031171916392,\n              48.110976756979255\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.01181205034771,\n              47.715947400372244\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.1604378507085,\n              47.48094533433269\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.2014380714978,\n              47.331796169067644\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.18093796110331,\n              47.112512442204405\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.97081182955841,\n              47.03223043047478\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.84781116719083,\n              47.049693329536154\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b41e4b08c986b3176dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pratt, T. L.","contributorId":53072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, S.","contributorId":70323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Potter, C.","contributorId":58332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stephenson, W.","contributorId":37910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405 cfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":1326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70019602,"text":"70019602 - 1997 - Uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains and the bedrock beneath the East Antarctic ice sheet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-06T17:09:52.371942","indexId":"70019602","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains and the bedrock beneath the East Antarctic ice sheet","docAbstract":"<p><span>In recent years the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM), the largest noncontractional mountain belt in the world, have become the focus of modelers who explained their uplift by a variety of isostatic and thermal mechanisms. A problem with these models is a lack of available data to compare with model predictions. We report here the results of a 312-km-long geophysical traverse conducted in 1993/1994 in the hinterland of the TAM. Using detailed subglacial topography and gravity measurements, we confirm the origin of the TAM as a flexural uplift of the edge of East Antarctica. Using an elastic model with a free edge, we can jointly fit the topography and the gravity with a plate having an elastic thickness of 85±15 km and a preuplift elevation of 700±50 m for East Antarctica. Using a variety of evidence, we argue that the uplift is coincident with a relatively minor tectonic event of transtensional motion between East and West Antarctica during the Eocene rather than the Late Cretaceous rifting event that created the Ross Embayment. We suggest that this transtensional motion caused the continuous plate to break, which created an escarpment that significantly increased the rates of erosion and exhumation. Results from the geophysical traverse also extend our knowledge of the bedrock geology from the exposures within the TAM to the ice covered interior. Our interpretation suggests that the Ferrar flood basalts extend at least 100 km westward under the ice. The Beacon Supergroup of Paleozoic and Mesozoic sediments thins gradually under the ice and its reconstructed thickness is reminiscent of profiles of foreland basins. Finally, there is no indication in the gravity field for an incomplete rebound due to significant melting of the East Antarctic ice sheet since the last glacial period.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB02483","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U., Hackney, R., Bannister, S., Stern, T., and Makovsky, Y., 1997, Uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains and the bedrock beneath the East Antarctic ice sheet: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. 12, p. 27603-27621, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB02483.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"27603","endPage":"27621","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227756,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd29e4b08c986b328ef3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":383293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackney, R.I.","contributorId":41607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackney","given":"R.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bannister, S.","contributorId":40355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bannister","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stern, T.A.","contributorId":53544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Makovsky, Y.","contributorId":12218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Makovsky","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70019600,"text":"70019600 - 1997 - Sandstone-body and shale-body dimensions in a braided fluvial system: Salt wash sandstone member (Morrison formation), Garfield County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:27","indexId":"70019600","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sandstone-body and shale-body dimensions in a braided fluvial system: Salt wash sandstone member (Morrison formation), Garfield County, Utah","docAbstract":"Excellent three-dimensional exposures of the Upper Jurassic Salt Wash Sandstone Member of the Morrison Formation in the Henry Mountains area of southern Utah allow measurement of the thickness and width of fluvial sandstone and shale bodies from extensive photomosaics. The Salt Wash Sandstone Member is composed of fluvial channel fill, abandoned channel fill, and overbank/flood-plain strata that were deposited on a broad alluvial plain of low-sinuosity, sandy, braided streams flowing northeast. A hierarchy of sandstone and shale bodies in the Salt Wash Sandstone Member includes, in ascending order, trough cross-bedding, fining-upward units/mudstone intraclast conglomerates, singlestory sandstone bodies/basal conglomerate, abandoned channel fill, multistory sandstone bodies, and overbank/flood-plain heterolithic strata. Trough cross-beds have an average width:thickness ratio (W:T) of 8.5:1 in the lower interval of the Salt Wash Sandstone Member and 10.4:1 in the upper interval. Fining-upward units are 0.5-3.0 m thick and 3-11 m wide. Single-story sandstone bodies in the upper interval are wider and thicker than their counterparts in the lower interval, based on average W:T, linear regression analysis, and cumulative relative frequency graphs. Multistory sandstone bodies are composed of two to eight stories, range up to 30 m thick and over 1500 m wide (W:T > 50:1), and are also larger in the upper interval. Heterolithic units between sandstone bodies include abandoned channel fill (W:T = 33:1) and overbank/flood-plain deposits (W:T = 70:1). Understanding W:T ratios from the component parts of an ancient, sandy, braided stream deposit can be applied in several ways to similar strata in other basins; for example, to (1) determine the width of a unit when only the thickness is known, (2) create correlation guidelines and maximum correlation lengths, (3) aid in interpreting the controls on fluvial architecture, and (4) place additional constraints on input variables to stratigraphie and fluid-flow modeling. The usefulness of these types of data demonstrates the need to develop more data sets from other depositional environments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J.W., and McCabea, P., 1997, Sandstone-body and shale-body dimensions in a braided fluvial system: Salt wash sandstone member (Morrison formation), Garfield County, Utah: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 81, no. 8, p. 1267-1291.","startPage":"1267","endPage":"1291","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b86aee4b08c986b31608a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, J. W.","contributorId":54179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabea, P.J.","contributorId":55589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabea","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019598,"text":"70019598 - 1997 - Use of 234U and 238U isotopes to evaluate contamination of near-surface groundwater with uranium-mill effluent: A case study in south-central Colorado, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:27","indexId":"70019598","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of 234U and 238U isotopes to evaluate contamination of near-surface groundwater with uranium-mill effluent: A case study in south-central Colorado, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The 234U/238U alpha activity ratio (AR) was determined in 47 samples of variably uraniferous groundwater from the vicinity of a uranium mill near Canon City, Colorado. The results illustrate that uranium isotopes can be used to determine the distribution of uranium contamination in groundwater and to indicate processes such as mixing and chemical precipitation that affect uranium concentrations. Highly to moderately contaminated groundwater samples collected from the mill site and land immediately downgradient from the mill site contain more than 100 ??g/l of dissolved uranium and typically have AR values in the narrow range of 1.0-1.06. Other samples from the shallow alluvial aquifer farther downgradient from the mill contain 10-100 ??g/1 uranium and plot along a broad trend of increasing AR (1.06-1.46) with decreasing uranium concentration. The results are consistent with mixing of liquid mill waste (AR ??? 1.0) with alluvial groundwater of small, but variable, uranium concentrations and AR of 1.31.5. In the alluvial aquifer, the spatial distribution of wells with AR values less than 1.3 is consistent with previous estimates of the probable distribution of contamination, based on water chemistry and hydrology. Wells more distant from the area of probable contamination have AR values that are consistently greater than 1.3 and are indicative of little or no contamination. The methodology of this study can be extended usefully to similar sites of uranium mining, milling, or processing provided that local geohydrologic settings promote uranium mobility and that introduced uranium contamination is isotopically distinct from that of local groundwater.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s002540050201","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Zielinski, R.A., Chafin, D.T., Banta, E.R., and Szabo, B.J., 1997, Use of 234U and 238U isotopes to evaluate contamination of near-surface groundwater with uranium-mill effluent: A case study in south-central Colorado, U.S.A.: Environmental Geology, v. 32, no. 2, p. 124-136, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050201.","startPage":"124","endPage":"136","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205963,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050201"},{"id":227675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe55e4b08c986b32952c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zielinski, R. A. 0000-0002-4047-5129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":106930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":383282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chafin, D. T.","contributorId":57893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chafin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Banta, E. R.","contributorId":63038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Szabo, Barney J.","contributorId":6848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Barney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019586,"text":"70019586 - 1997 - Mercury accumulation in Devils Lake, North Dakota effects of environmental variation in closed-basin lakes on mercury chronologies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-01T12:50:35","indexId":"70019586","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury accumulation in Devils Lake, North Dakota effects of environmental variation in closed-basin lakes on mercury chronologies","docAbstract":"Sediment cores were collected from lakes in the Devils Lake Basin in North Dakota to determine if mercury (Hg) accumulation chronologies from sediment-core data are good indicators of variations in Hg accumulation rates in saline lakes. Sediment cores from Creel Bay and Main Bay, Devils Lake were selected for detailed analysis and interpretation. The maximum Hg concentration in the Creel Bay core was 0.15 micrograms per gram at 8 to 9 centimeters. The maximum Hg concentration in the Main Bay core was 0.07 micrograms per gram at 5 to 7 centimeters. The general decreases in Hg concentrations with depth are attributed to historic variations in atmospheric Hg deposition rate. Hg stratigraphies combined with 210Pb and 137Cs dating analyses yield Hg chronologies that indicate a general increase in Hg accumulation rates in Devils Lake since the middle of the 19th century. Mean modern Hg accumulation rates in Creel Bay were 4.9 nanograms per square centimeter per year, and rates in Main Bay were 1.8 nanograms per square centimeter per year. Mean preindustrial Hg accumulation rates in Creel Bay were 1.2 nanograms per square centimeter per year, and rates in Main Bay were 1.6 nanograms per square centimeter per year. Relatively low Hg concentrations in recent sediments in the Devils Lake Basin, along with similarities in Hg accumulation rates between lakes in the Devils Lake Basin and other lakes in the northern interior of North America, indicate that local sources of Hg are not important sources of Hg. Results of the study indicate that accurate Hg chronologies are discernible in sediment cores collected from saline lakes. However, spatial and temporal variations in lake level and water chemistry common to saline lakes make interpretation of radioisotopic and geochemical chronologies difficult. Hg geochemistry in Devils Lake, and presumably in other saline lakes, is dynamic. The results of this study indicate that the absolute amount of sediment transported to Devils Lake, along with the associated Hg and total organic carbon, and the distribution of sedimentation patterns in Devils Lake may be affected by changing lake levels.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/BF02047039","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Lent, R., and Alexander, C.R., 1997, Mercury accumulation in Devils Lake, North Dakota effects of environmental variation in closed-basin lakes on mercury chronologies: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 98, no. 3-4, p. 275-296, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02047039.","startPage":"275","endPage":"296","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267629,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02047039"}],"volume":"98","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53cfe4b0c8380cd6cd12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lent, R.M.","contributorId":80317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lent","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, C. R.","contributorId":88855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019853,"text":"70019853 - 1997 - A test of the double-shearing model of flow for granular materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-30T14:25:56.316889","indexId":"70019853","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A test of the double-shearing model of flow for granular materials","docAbstract":"<p><span>The double-shearing model of flow attributes plastic deformation in granular materials to cooperative slip on conjugate Coulomb shears (surfaces upon which the Coulomb yield condition is satisfied). The strict formulation of the double-shearing model then requires that the slip lines in the material coincide with the Coulomb shears. Three different experiments that approximate simple shear deformation in granular media appear to be inconsistent with this strict formulation. For example, the orientation of the principal stress axes in a layer of sand driven in steady, simple shear was measured subject to the assumption that the Coulomb failure criterion was satisfied on some surfaces (orientation unspecified) within the sand layer. The orientation of the inferred principal compressive axis was then compared with the orientations predicted by the double-shearing model. The strict formulation of the model [</span><i>Spencer</i><span>, 1982] predicts that the principal stress axes should rotate in a sense opposite to that inferred from the experiments. A less restrictive formulation of the double-shearing model by&nbsp;</span><i>de Josselin de Jong</i><span>&nbsp;[1971] does not completely specify the solution but does prescribe limits on the possible orientations of the principal stress axes. The orientations of the principal compression axis inferred from the experiments are probably within those limits. An elastoplastic formulation of the double-shearing model [</span><i>de Josselin de Jong</i><span>, 1988] is reasonably consistent with the experiments, although quantitative agreement was not attained. Thus we conclude that the double-shearing model may be a viable law to describe deformation of granular materials, but the macroscopic slip surfaces will not in general coincide with the Coulomb shears.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB00779","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Savage, J., and Lockner, D., 1997, A test of the double-shearing model of flow for granular materials: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. 6, p. 12287-12294, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB00779.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"12287","endPage":"12294","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227938,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5f8e4b0c8380cd4707f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019583,"text":"70019583 - 1997 - Slope instability caused by small variations in hydraulic conductivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-07T16:48:49.418446","indexId":"70019583","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2327,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slope instability caused by small variations in hydraulic conductivity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Variations in hydraulic conductivity can greatly modify hillslope ground-water flow fields, effective-stress fields, and slope stability. In materials with uniform texture, hydraulic conductivities can vary over one to two orders of magnitude, yet small variations can be difficult to determine. The destabilizing effects caused by small (one order of magnitude or less) hydraulic conductivity variations using ground-water flow modeling, finite-element deformation analysis, and limit-equilibrium analysis are examined here. Low hydraulic conductivity materials that impede downslope ground-water flow can create unstable areas with locally elevated pore-water pressures. The destabilizing effects of small hydraulic heterogeneities can be as great as those induced by typical variations in the frictional strength (approximately 4°–8°) of texturally similar materials. Common “worst-case” assumptions about ground-water flow, such as a completely saturated “hydrostatic” pore-pressure distribution, do not account for locally elevated pore-water pressures and may not provide a conservative slope stability analysis. In site characterization, special attention should be paid to any materials that might impede downslope ground-water flow and create unstable regions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:8(717)","issn":"10900241","usgsCitation":"Reid, M., 1997, Slope instability caused by small variations in hydraulic conductivity: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, v. 123, no. 8, p. 717-725, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:8(717).","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"717","endPage":"725","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228164,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9160e4b08c986b319886","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, M.E.","contributorId":108130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019580,"text":"70019580 - 1997 - Beryllium geochemistry in soils: Evaluation of 10Be/9Be ratios in authigenic minerals as a basis for age models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T17:00:56","indexId":"70019580","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beryllium geochemistry in soils: Evaluation of 10Be/9Be ratios in authigenic minerals as a basis for age models","docAbstract":"Soils contain a diverse and complex set of chemicals and minerals. Being an 'open system', both in the chemical and nuclear sense, soils have defied quantitative nuclear dating. However, based on the published studies of the cosmogenic atmospheric 10Be in soils, its relatively long half-life (1.5 Ma), and the fact that 10Be gets quickly incorporated in most soil minerals, this radionuclide appears to be potentially the most useful for soil dating. We therefore studied the natural variations in the specific activities of 10Be with respect to the isotope 9Be in mineral phases in eight profiles of diverse soils from temperate to tropical climatic regimes and evaluated the implications of the data for determining the time of formation of soil minerals, following an earlier suggestion [Lal et al., 1991. Development of cosmogenic nuclear methods for the study of soil erosion and formation rates. Current Sci. 61, 636-639.]. We find that the 10Be/9Be ratios in both bulk soils and in the authigenic mineral phases are confined within a narrower range than in 10Be concentrations. Also, the highest 10Be/9Be ratios in authigenic minerals are observed at the soil-rock interface as predicted by the model. We present model 10Be/9Be ages of the B-horizon and the corresponding soil formation rates for several soil profiles. The present study demonstrates that the 10Be/9Be ratios in the authigenic phases, e.g. clay and Fe-hydroxides, can indeed be used for obtaining useful model ages for soils younger than 10-15 Ma. However, the present work has to be pushed considerably further, to take into account more realistic age models in which, for instance, downward transport of 10Be and clays, and in-situ dissolution of clay minerals at depths, altering the 10Be/9Be ratios of the acidic solutions, are included. We show that in the case of younger soils (< 1 Ma) studied here, their 10Be inventories and 10Be/9Be ratios have been significantly disturbed possibly by mixing with transported soils. ?? 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00051-X","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Barg, E., Lal, D., Pavich, M., Caffee, M., and Southon, J.R., 1997, Beryllium geochemistry in soils: Evaluation of 10Be/9Be ratios in authigenic minerals as a basis for age models: Chemical Geology, v. 140, no. 3-4, p. 237-258, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00051-X.","startPage":"237","endPage":"258","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266039,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00051-X"},{"id":228123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"140","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0cce4b0c8380cd4a903","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barg, E.","contributorId":57222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barg","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lal, D.","contributorId":58791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lal","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pavich, M.J.","contributorId":70788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caffee, M.W.","contributorId":86127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caffee","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Southon, J. R.","contributorId":24895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70019578,"text":"70019578 - 1997 - Volumetric analysis and hydrologic characterization of a modern debris flow near Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-02T12:07:21.739674","indexId":"70019578","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volumetric analysis and hydrologic characterization of a modern debris flow near Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>On July 21 or 22, 1984, debris flows triggered by rainfall occurred on the southern hillslope of Jake Ridge, about 6 km east of the crest of Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Rain gages near Jake Ridge recorded 65 mm and 69 mm on July 21, and 20 mm and 17 mm on July 22. Rates of rainfall intensity ranged up to 73 mm/h on the twenty-first, and 15 mm/h on the twenty-second. Digital elevation models with 2.0 m grid-node spacing, measured from pre-storm and post-storm aerial stereo-photographs, were used to map hillslope erosion and the downslope distribution of debris. Volumetric calculations indicate that about 7040 m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>of debris was redistributed on the 49,132 m<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>hillslope study area during the two-day storm period. About 4580 m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>(65%) of the eroded sediment was deposited within the study area and the remaining 35% was deposited outside the study area in a short tributary to Fortymile Wash and in the wash itself. The maximum and mean depths of erosion in the study area were about 1.8 m and 5 cm, respectively. The mean depths of erosion on the upper and middle hillslope were 27 cm and 4 cm, respectively. The mean depth of deposition on the lower hillslope was 16 cm.</p><p>Analysis of the values of cumulative precipitation in the context of the precipitation-frequency atlas of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration indicates that precipitation from the main storm on July 21 was more than double that expected, on average, once during a 100-year-period. The relations of precipitation intensity/duration, developed from data recorded at a nearby precipitation gage, indicate a storm interval of 500 years or greater. The amount of erosion caused by such a storm is primarily dependent on three variables; storm intensity, development of the drainage network on the hillslope, and the amount of available colluvium. Additionally, the erosive ability of successive storms of equal intensity will decrease because such storms would tend to progressively isolate and reduce the amount of colluvium available. The preservation of Pleistocene deposits on hillslopes of Yucca Mountain, in general, indicates that erosional events that strip 5% of the available hillslope colluvium must be quite rare. We conclude that the recurrence interval of an erosional event comparable to the July, 1984 event is probably much longer than 500 years.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(97)00008-1","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Coe, J.A., Glancy, P., and Whitney, J., 1997, Volumetric analysis and hydrologic characterization of a modern debris flow near Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Geomorphology, v. 20, no. 1-2, p. 11-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(97)00008-1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228046,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc366e4b08c986b32b159","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coe, J. A.","contributorId":8867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glancy, P.A.","contributorId":32160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glancy","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitney, J.W.","contributorId":27437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019574,"text":"70019574 - 1997 - Bactericidal activity of juvenile chinook salmon macrophages against Aeromonas salmonicida after exposure to live or heat-killed Renibacterium salmoninarum or to soluble proteins produced by R. salmoninarum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-16T00:54:06.842109","indexId":"70019574","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bactericidal activity of juvenile chinook salmon macrophages against Aeromonas salmonicida after exposure to live or heat-killed Renibacterium salmoninarum or to soluble proteins produced by R. salmoninarum","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><p class=\"last\">Macrophages isolated from the anterior kidney of juvenile chinook salmon<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i><span>&nbsp;</span>in 96-well microtiter plates were exposed for 72 h to 0, 10<sup>5</sup>, or 10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>live or heat-killed<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>cells per well or to 0, 0.1, 1.0, or 10 μg/mL of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R. salmoninarum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>soluble proteins. After treatment, the bactericidal activity of the macrophages against<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i><span>&nbsp;</span>was determined by a colorimetric assay based on the reduction of the tetrazolium dye MTT to formazan by viable bacteria. The MTT assay was modified to allow estimation of the percentage of bacteria killed by reference to a standard curve relating the number of bacteria added to microtiter wells to absorbance by formazan at 600 nm. The live and heatkilled<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R. salmoninarum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>treatments significantly (<i>P</i><span>&nbsp;</span>&lt; 0.001) increased killing of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A. salmonicida</i><span>&nbsp;</span>by chinook salmon macrophages. In each of the five trials, significantly (<i>P</i><span>&nbsp;</span>&lt; 0.05) greater increases in killing occurred after exposure to 10<sup>5</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><i>R. salmoninarum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>cells than to 10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><i>R. salmoninarum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>cells per well. In contrast, treatment of macrophages with 10 ug/mL<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R. salmoninarum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>soluble proteins significantly (<i>P</i><span>&nbsp;</span>&lt; 0.001) decreased killing of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A. salmonicida</i>, but treatment with lower doses did not. These results show that the bactericidal activity of chinook salmon macrophages is stimulated by exposure to<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R. salmoninarum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>cells at lower dose levels but inhibited by exposure to<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R. salmoninarum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>cells or soluble proteins at higher dose levels.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(1997)009<0180:BAOJCS>2.3.CO;2","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Siegel, D., and Congleton, J., 1997, Bactericidal activity of juvenile chinook salmon macrophages against Aeromonas salmonicida after exposure to live or heat-killed Renibacterium salmoninarum or to soluble proteins produced by R. salmoninarum: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 9, no. 3, p. 180-189, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1997)009<0180:BAOJCS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"180","endPage":"189","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227965,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efa5e4b0c8380cd4a38c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siegel, D.C.","contributorId":83685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Congleton, J.L.","contributorId":65622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Congleton","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019573,"text":"70019573 - 1997 - Geochronologic and paleomagnetic evidence defining the relationship between the Miocene Hiko and Racer Canyon tuffs, eccentric outflow lobes from the Caliente caldera complex, southeastern Great Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-08T01:26:41.198463","indexId":"70019573","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochronologic and paleomagnetic evidence defining the relationship between the Miocene Hiko and Racer Canyon tuffs, eccentric outflow lobes from the Caliente caldera complex, southeastern Great Basin, USA","docAbstract":"<div id=\"Abs1-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\"><p> Outflow sheets of the Hiko tuff and the Racer Canyon tuff, which together extend over approximately 16 000 km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>around the Caliente caldera complex in southeastern Nevada, have long been considered to be products of simultaneous or near-simultaneous eruptions from inset calderas in the west and east ends, respectively, of the caldera complex. New high-precision<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar geochronology and paleomagnetic data demonstrate that emplacement of the uppermost part of the Racer Canyon tuff at 18.33±0.03 Ma was nearly synchronous with emplacement of the single outflow cooling unit of the much larger overlying Hiko tuff at 18.32±0.04 Ma. Based on comparison with the geomagnetic polarity time scale derived from the sea-floor spreading record, we conclude that emplacement of the first of several outflow cooling units of the Racer Canyon tuff commenced approximately 0.5 m.y. earlier. Only one paleomagnetic polarity is found in the Hiko tuff, but at least two paleomagnetic reversals have been found in the Racer Canyon tuff. The two formations overlap in only one place, at and near Panaca Summit northeast of the center of the Caliente caldera complex; here the Hiko tuff is stratigraphically above the Racer Canyon tuff. This study demonstrates the power of combining<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar and paleomagnetic data in conjunction with phenocryst compositional modes to resolve problematic stratigraphic correlations in complex ash-flow sequences where use of one method alone might not eliminate ambiguities.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s004450050172","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Gromme, S., Deino, A., Best, M.G., and Hudson, M., 1997, Geochronologic and paleomagnetic evidence defining the relationship between the Miocene Hiko and Racer Canyon tuffs, eccentric outflow lobes from the Caliente caldera complex, southeastern Great Basin, USA: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 59, no. 1, p. 21-35, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004450050172.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227964,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a172fe4b0c8380cd553fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gromme, S.","contributorId":21277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gromme","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deino, A.M.","contributorId":40862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deino","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Best, M. G.","contributorId":57843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hudson, M.R.","contributorId":68317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019570,"text":"70019570 - 1997 - The role of mesocosm studies in ecological risk analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T11:07:14","indexId":"70019570","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of mesocosm studies in ecological risk analysis","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mesocosms have been primarily used as research tools for the evaluation of the fate and effects of xenobiotic chemicals at the population, community, and ecosystem levels of biological organization. This paper provides suggestions for future applications of mesocosm research. Attention should be given to the configuration of mesocosm parameters to explicitly study regional questions of ecological interest. The initial physical, chemical, and biological conditions within mesocosms should be considered as factors shaping the final results of experiments. Certain fundamental questions such as the ecological inertia and resilience of systems with different initial ecological properties should be addressed. Researchers should develop closer working relationships with mathematical modelers in linking computer models to the outcomes of mesocosm studies. Mesocosm tests, linked with models, could enable managers and regulators to forecast the regional consequences of chemicals released into the environment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[1099:TROMSI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Boyle, T., and Fairchild, J., 1997, The role of mesocosm studies in ecological risk analysis: Ecological Applications, v. 7, no. 4, p. 1099-1102, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[1099:TROMSI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1099","endPage":"1102","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf82e4b08c986b324851","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyle, Terence P.","contributorId":85214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"Terence P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fairchild, James F.","contributorId":178203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fairchild","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019557,"text":"70019557 - 1997 - Debris-flow mobilization from landslides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-24T17:58:41.67217","indexId":"70019557","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":806,"text":"Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Debris-flow mobilization from landslides","docAbstract":"<p><span>Field observations, laboratory experiments, and theoretical analyses indicate that landslides mobilize to form debris flows by three processes: (</span><i>a</i><span>) widespread Coulomb failure within a sloping soil, rock, or sediment mass, (</span><i>b</i><span>) partial or complete liquefaction of the mass by high pore-fluid pressures, and (</span><i>c</i><span>) conversion of landslide translational energy to internal vibrational energy (i.e. granular temperature). These processes can operate independently, but in many circumstances they appear to operate simultaneously and synergistically. Early work on debris-flow mobilization described a similar interplay of processes but relied on mechanical models in which debris behavior was assumed to be fixed and governed by a Bingham or Bagnold rheology. In contrast, this review emphasizes models in which debris behavior evolves in response to changing pore pressures and granular temperatures. One-dimensional infinite-slope models provide insight by quantifying how pore pressures and granular temperatures can influence the transition from Coulomb failure to liquefaction. Analyses of multidimensional experiments reveal complications ignored in one-dimensional models and demonstrate that debris-flow mobilization may occur by at least two distinct modes in the field.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Reviews","doi":"10.1146/annurev.earth.25.1.85","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., Reid, M.E., and Lahusen, R.G., 1997, Debris-flow mobilization from landslides: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 25, p. 85-138, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.25.1.85.","productDescription":"54 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"54","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227713,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdfce4b0c8380cd4ea50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, Mark E. 0000-0002-5595-1503 mreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-1503","contributorId":1167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Mark","email":"mreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lahusen, Richard G. rlahusen@usgs.gov","contributorId":535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahusen","given":"Richard","email":"rlahusen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019555,"text":"70019555 - 1997 - A numerical investigation of choked flow dynamics and its application to the triggering mechanism of long-period events at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-31T16:53:26.670103","indexId":"70019555","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A numerical investigation of choked flow dynamics and its application to the triggering mechanism of long-period events at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>We use numerical simulations of transonic flow through a crack to study the dynamics of the formation of shock waves downstream from a nozzle-like constriction inside the crack. The model solves the full set of Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions via an explicit multifield finite difference representation. The crack walls are assumed to be perfectly rigid, and elastic coupling to the solid is not considered. The simulations demonstrate how the behavior of unsteady shock waves near the walls can produce recurring step-like pressure transients in the flow, which in turn induce resonance of the fluid-filled crack. The motion of the shock waves is governed primarily by smooth, low-amplitude pressure fluctuations at the outlet of the crack. The force induced on the walls scales with the amplitude of the shock, which is a function of the magnitude of the inlet pressure, aperture of the constriction, and thickness of the boundary layer. The applied force also scales in proportion to the spatial extent of the shock excursion, which depends on the fluctuation rate of outlet pressure. Using the source parameters of long-period (LP) events at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, as a guide for our simulations, we infer that coupling of the shock to the walls occurs for crack inlet to outlet pressure ratios&nbsp;</span><i>p<sub>i</sub>/p<sub>o</sub></i><span>&gt;2.31 and that the position of the shock front becomes most sensitive to outlet pressure fluctuations for flow regimes with&nbsp;</span><i>p<sub>i</sub>/p<sub>o</sub></i><span>&gt;2.48. For such regimes, fluctuations of outlet pressure of up to ±0.5 MPa at rates up to 3 MPa/s are sufficient to induce pressure transients with magnitudes up to 12.5 MPa over 0.1–2.5 m of the walls within ∼0.5 s. These flow parameters may be adequate for triggering the LP events in the precursory swarm to the December 14, 1989, eruption of Redoubt. According to the flow model the recurrence rate and amplitudes of L.P events are inferred to be a manifestation of the response of a shallow hydrothermal reservoir to the sustained injection of superheated steam from a magma column roofing below this reservoir.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB00023","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Morrissey, M., and Chouet, B., 1997, A numerical investigation of choked flow dynamics and its application to the triggering mechanism of long-period events at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B4, p. 7965-7983, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB00023.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"7965","endPage":"7983","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227711,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4c8e4b0c8380cd4691b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrissey, M.M.","contributorId":41477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrissey","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B. A.","contributorId":31813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019549,"text":"70019549 - 1997 - Use of chemical and isotopic tracers to characterize the interactions between ground water and surface water in mantled karst","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-08T06:23:47","indexId":"70019549","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of chemical and isotopic tracers to characterize the interactions between ground water and surface water in mantled karst","docAbstract":"<p>In the mantled karst terrane of northern Florida, the water quality of the Upper Floridan aquifer is influenced by the degree of connectivity between the aquifer and the surface. Chemical and isotopic analyses [<sup>18</sup>O/<sup>16</sup>O (δ<sup>18</sup>O),<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2</sup>H/<sup>1</sup>H (δD),<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C (δ<sup>13</sup>C), tritium (<sup>3</sup>H), and strontium‐87/strontium‐86 (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr)] along with geochemical mass‐balance modeling were used to identify the dominant hydrochemical processes that control the composition of ground water as it evolves downgradient in two systems. In one system, surface water enters the Upper Floridan aquifer through a sinkhole located in the Northern Highlands physiographic unit. In the other system, surface water enters the aquifer through a sinkhole lake (Lake Bradford) in the Woodville Karst Plain. Differences in the composition of water isotopes (δ<sup>18</sup>O and &lt;δD) in rainfall, ground water, and surface water were used to develop mixing models of surface water (leakage of water to the Upper Floridan aquifer from a sinkhole lake and a sinkhole) and ground water. Using mass‐balance calculations, based on differences in δ<sup>18</sup>O and δD, the proportion of lake water that mixed with meteoric water ranged from 7 to 86% in water from wells located in close proximity to Lake Bradford. In deeper parts of the Upper Floridan aquifer, water enriched in<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup>O and D from five of 12 sampled municipal wells indicated that recharge from a sinkhole (1 to 24%) and surface water with an evaporated isotopic signature (2 to 32%) was mixing with ground water.</p><p>The solute isotopes, δ<sup>13</sup>C and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr, were used to test the sensitivity of binary and ternary mixing models, and to estimate the amount of mass transfer of carbon and other dissolved species in geochemical reactions. In ground water downgradient from Lake Bradford, the dominant processes controlling carbon cycling in ground water were dissolution of carbonate minerals, aerobic degradation of organic matter, and hydrolysis of silicate minerals. In the deeper parts of the Upper Floridan aquifer, the major processes controlling the concentrations of major dissolved species included dissolution of calcite and dolomite, and degradation of organic matter under oxic conditions. The Upper Floridan aquifer is highly susceptible to contamination from activities at the land surface in the Tallahassee area. The presence of post‐ 1950s concentrations of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>H in ground water from depths greater than 100 m below land surface indicates that water throughout much of the Upper Floridan aquifer has been recharged during the last 40 years. Even though mixing is likely between ground water and surface water in many parts of the study area, the Upper Floridan aquifer produces good quality water, which due to dilution effects shows little if any impact from trace elements or nutrients that are present in surface waters.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00174.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., Coplen, T., Bullen, T., and Hal Davis, J., 1997, Use of chemical and isotopic tracers to characterize the interactions between ground water and surface water in mantled karst: Ground Water, v. 35, no. 6, p. 1014-1028, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00174.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1014","endPage":"1028","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbed3e4b08c986b3297da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hal Davis, J.","contributorId":70947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hal Davis","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019854,"text":"70019854 - 1997 - Fate and transport of metam spill in Sacramento River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T14:56:45.311782","indexId":"70019854","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate and transport of metam spill in Sacramento River","docAbstract":"<p><span>A mass balance model was developed and applied to the Sacramento River in northern California during the July 1991 Sacramento River metam-sodium spill. The transport and reactions of metam-sodium, a soil fumigant, and the volatile and toxic methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) were simulated during the two-and-a-half days of movement along a 68-km stretch of river. Results from modeling were compared with field data for MITC, which is the only product measured downriver after the spill. Agreement between the simulated and measured values of MITC concentrations were found at Doney Creek (65.9 km downstream). Results illuminated the complexities and unique characteristics associated with the multiple kinetic processes of the chemical plume in the river. In particular, the photolysis of metam-sodium followed zero-order kinetics for high concentrations and first-order kinetics for low concentrations, a unique phenomenon consistent with the finding reported in a laboratory study. Concentrations of metam-sodium for transition from zeroto first-order, obtained by calibration and model sensitivity analyses, were in the same range as those in the reported laboratory results.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1997)123:7(704)","issn":"07339372","usgsCitation":"Wang, P., Mill, T., Martin, J., and Wool, T., 1997, Fate and transport of metam spill in Sacramento River: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 123, no. 7, p. 704-712, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1997)123:7(704).","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"704","endPage":"712","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227939,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f0ae4b0c8380cd53728","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, P.-F.","contributorId":25311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"P.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mill, T.","contributorId":100133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mill","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, J.L.","contributorId":71328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wool, T.A.","contributorId":75289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wool","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}