{"pageNumber":"1277","pageRowStart":"31900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":70188110,"text":"70188110 - 1996 - A watershed-scale approach to tracing metal contamination in the environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T13:37:01","indexId":"70188110","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A watershed-scale approach to tracing metal contamination in the environment","docAbstract":"<h1>Introduction</h1><p>Public policy during the 1800's encouraged mining in the western United States. Mining on Federal lands played an important role in the growing economy creating national wealth from our abundant and diverse mineral resource base. The common industrial practice from the early days of mining through about 1970 in the U.S. was for mine operators to dispose of the mine wastes and mill tailings in the nearest stream reach or lake. As a result of this contamination, many stream reaches below old mines, mills, and mining districts and some major rivers and lakes no longer support aquatic life. Riparian habitats within these affected watersheds have also been impacted. Often, the water from these affected stream reaches is generally not suitable for drinking, creating a public health hazard. The recent Department of Interior Abandoned Mine Lands (<abbr title=\"Abandoned Mine Lands\">AML</abbr>) Initiative is an effort on the part of the Federal Government to address the adverse environmental impact of these past mining practices on Federal lands. The <abbr title=\"Abandoned Mine Lands\">AML</abbr> Initiative has adopted a watershed approach to determine those sites that contribute the majority of the contaminants in the watershed. By remediating the largest sources of contamination within the watershed, the impact of metal contamination in the environment within the watershed as a whole is reduced rather than focusing largely on those sites for which principal responsible parties can be found.</p><p>The scope of the problem of metal contamination in the environment from past mining practices in the coterminous U.S. is addressed in a recent report by Ferderer (1996). Using the <abbr title=\"U.S. Geological Survey\">USGS</abbr>1:2,000,000-scale hydrologic drainage basin boundaries and the <abbr title=\"U.S. Geological Survey\">USGS</abbr> Minerals Availability System (<abbr title=\"Minerals Availability System\">MAS</abbr>) data base, he plotted the distribution of 48,000 past-producing metal mines on maps showing the boundaries of lands administered by the various Federal Land Management Agencies (<abbr title=\"Federal Land Management Agency\">FLMA</abbr>). Census analysis of these data provided an initial screening tool for prioritization of watersheds in the western U.S. A different approach to the scope of the abandoned mine problem (Church et al., 1996a) is shown by the water quality data collected by the States under the Clean Water Act, section 305(b). These data document the stream reaches affected by metals from naturally occurring sources as well as from mining, or mineral resource extraction. Permitted discharges from active industrial and mine sites are not covered in the 305(b) data base.</p><p>Local citizens and state and federal agencies are all part of the collaborative decision process used to select the drainage basins chosen for the <abbr title=\"Abandoned Mine Lands\">AML</abbr> Initiative pilot studies. Data gathered by these three entities were brought to bear on the watershed selection process. The <abbr title=\"U.S. Geological Survey\">USGS</abbr> prepared data available from Federal data bases in the form of interpretative <abbr title=\"geographic information system\">GIS</abbr> products. Maps of the states of Colorado (Plumlee et al., 1995) and a similar study of the state of Montana (<abbr title=\"U.S. Geological Survey\">USGS</abbr>, unpublished data) were used to select the Animas watershed in southwestern Colorado and the Boulder watershed southwest of Helena Montana as the pilot study areas for the <abbr title=\"Abandoned Mine Lands\">AML</abbr> Initiative. Thus, the watersheds selected for study were public decisions made on the basis of available scientific data. The role of the U.S. Geological Survey in the Abandoned Mine Land Initiative is outlined in Buxton et al. (1997).</p><p>The watershed approach to metals contamination in the environment has been studied in several drainage basins (Church et al., 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996b; Kimball et al., 1995). The underlying principles used to successfully discriminate between sources and to quantify the impact of these sources on the environment are the subject of this report.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Metals in the Environment Workshop Report","conferenceDate":"October 21-22, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Far Hills, Inn, Val Morin, Quebec","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Network of Toxicology Centres (CNTC)","usgsCitation":"Church, S.E., 1996, A watershed-scale approach to tracing metal contamination in the environment, Metals in the Environment Workshop Report, Far Hills, Inn, Val Morin, Quebec, October 21-22, 1996, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":102,"text":"Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341941,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://amli.usgs.gov/reports/cntc/cntcmite.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592fd660e4b0e9bd0ea8980e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, Stanley E","contributorId":121086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23079,"text":"ofr96520 - 1996 - Distribution of surficial sediments in Ohio's nearshore (Lake Erie) as interpreted from sidescan sonar and 3.5 kHz subbottom data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T20:54:35.124353","indexId":"ofr96520","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-520","title":"Distribution of surficial sediments in Ohio's nearshore (Lake Erie) as interpreted from sidescan sonar and 3.5 kHz subbottom data","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96520","usgsCitation":"Fuller, J.A., 1996, Distribution of surficial sediments in Ohio's nearshore (Lake Erie) as interpreted from sidescan sonar and 3.5 kHz subbottom data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-520, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96520.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406272,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22629.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52445,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0520/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0520/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.56201171875,\n              41.21172151054787\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.66162109375,\n              41.21172151054787\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.66162109375,\n              41.88592102814744\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.56201171875,\n              41.88592102814744\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.56201171875,\n              41.21172151054787\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f451","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, J. A.","contributorId":29838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22926,"text":"ofr96173 - 1996 - Water-quality, streamflow, and meteorological data for the Tualatin River Basin, Oregon, 1991-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-21T19:04:26.808035","indexId":"ofr96173","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-173","title":"Water-quality, streamflow, and meteorological data for the Tualatin River Basin, Oregon, 1991-93","docAbstract":"Surface-water-quality data, ground-water-quality data, streamflow data, field measurements, aquatic-biology data, meteorological data, and quality-assurance data were collected in the Tualatin River Basin from 1991 to 1993 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Unified Sewerage Agency of Washington County, Oregon (USA). The data from that study, which are part of this report, are presented in American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) format in subject-specific data files on a Compact Disk-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM). The text of this report describes the objectives of the study, the location of sampling sites, sample-collection and processing techniques, equipment used, laboratory analytical methods, and quality-assurance procedures. The data files on CD-ROM contain the analytical results of water samples collected in the Tualatin River Basin, streamflow measurements of the main-stem Tualatin River and its major tributaries, flow data from the USA wastewater-treatment plants, flow data from stations that divert water from the main-stem Tualatin River, aquatic-biology data, and meteorological data from the Tualatin Valley Irrigation District (TVID) Agrimet Weather Station located in Verboort, Oregon. Specific information regarding the contents of each data file is given in the text. The data files use a series of letter codes that distinguish each line of data. These codes are defined in data tables accompanying the text. Presenting data on CD-ROM offers several advantages: (1) the data can be accessed easily and manipulated by computers, (2) the data can be distributed readily over computer networks, and (3) the data may be more easily transported and stored than a large printed report. These data have been used by the USGS to (1) identify the sources, transport, and fate of nutrients in the Tualatin River Basin, (2) quantify relations among nutrient loads, algal growth, low dissolved-oxygen concentrations, and high pH, and (3) develop and calibrate a water- quality model that allows managers to test options for alleviating water-quality problems.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96173","usgsCitation":"Doyle, M.C., and Caldwell, J.M., 1996, Water-quality, streamflow, and meteorological data for the Tualatin River Basin, Oregon, 1991-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-173, Report: v, 49 p.; 1 Plate:; 30.00 × 28.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96173.","productDescription":"Report: v, 49 p.; 1 Plate:; 30.00 × 28.00 inches","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407156,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18591.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":19438,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0173/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":19439,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0173/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0173/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Tualatin River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.486,\n              45.26\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.625,\n              45.26\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.625,\n              45.798\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.486,\n              45.798\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.486,\n              45.26\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e50f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doyle, M. C.","contributorId":91136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, J. M.","contributorId":93934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44864,"text":"wri954291 - 1996 - Water-surface profile and flood boundaries for the computed 100-year flood, Big Muddy Creek, Fort Peck Indian Reservation and adjacent area, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:11","indexId":"wri954291","displayToPublicDate":"1999-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4291","title":"Water-surface profile and flood boundaries for the computed 100-year flood, Big Muddy Creek, Fort Peck Indian Reservation and adjacent area, Montana","docAbstract":"Hydrologic and hydraulic evaluations of Big Muddy Creek were made to determine the magnitude of the 100-year flood and the extent of flooding that would occur as the result of this flood. The magnitude of the 100-year flood was determined to range from 13,600 to 20,400 ft3/s, depending on location. Field surveys were made at 39 cross sections along a 41-mile reach of Big Muddy Creek. An additional two cross sections along the same reach were synthesized. Data from the surveys were used to calculate the water-surface elevation at each cross section using a computer program (WSPRO) developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. The water-surface profile of the computed 100-year flood elevations was then drawn. The profile also shows the streambed elevation and the location of the bridges and cross sections. The computed 100-year flood elevation at each cross section was used to delineate the width of the flood plain at that section. Flood boundaries between cross sections were interpolated using contour lines on topographic maps.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri954291","usgsCitation":"Omang, R.J., 1996, Water-surface profile and flood boundaries for the computed 100-year flood, Big Muddy Creek, Fort Peck Indian Reservation and adjacent area, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4291, 1 map on 2 sheets ; 241 x 108 cm., sheets 94 x 124 cm. and 96 x 87 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954291.","productDescription":"1 map on 2 sheets ; 241 x 108 cm., sheets 94 x 124 cm. and 96 x 87 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":82224,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4291/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82225,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4291/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9a8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Omang, R. J.","contributorId":31365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Omang","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22041,"text":"ofr96539 - 1996 - Preliminary investigations of the distribution and resources of coal in the Kaiparowits Plateau, southern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T13:11:08","indexId":"ofr96539","displayToPublicDate":"1999-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-539","title":"Preliminary investigations of the distribution and resources of coal in the Kaiparowits Plateau, southern Utah","docAbstract":"<p>This report on the coal resources of the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah is a contribution to the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) “National Coal Resource Assessment” (NCRA), a five year effort to identify and characterize the coal beds and coal zones that could potentially provide the fuel for the Nation’s coal-derived energy during the first quarter of the twenty-first century. For purposes of the NCRA study, the Nation is divided into regions. Teams of geoscientists, knowledgeable about each region, are developing the data bases and assessing the coal within each region. The five major coal-producing regions of the United States under investigation are: (1) the Appalachian Basin; (2) the Illinois Basin; (3) the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain; (4) the Powder River Basin and the Northern Great Plains; and (5) the Rocky Mountains and the Colorado Plateau. Six areas containing coal deposits in the Rocky Mountain and Colorado Plateau Region have been designated as high priority because of their potential for development. This report on the coal resources of the Kaiparowits Plateau is the first of the six to be completed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr96539","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hettinger, R.D., Roberts, L.N., Biewick, L.R., and Kirschbaum, M., 1996, Preliminary investigations of the distribution and resources of coal in the Kaiparowits Plateau, southern Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-539, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96539.","productDescription":"72 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1208,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/OF96-539/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dca4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hettinger, R. D.","contributorId":92283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hettinger","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, L. N. R.","contributorId":53419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"N. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biewick, L. R. H.","contributorId":41034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biewick","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirschbaum, M.A.","contributorId":79471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirschbaum","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":22165,"text":"ofr96723 - 1996 - Site-response maps for the Los Angeles region based on earthquake ground motions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-06T18:14:26.036762","indexId":"ofr96723","displayToPublicDate":"1999-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-723","title":"Site-response maps for the Los Angeles region based on earthquake ground motions","docAbstract":"Ground-motion records from aftershocks of the 1994 Northridge earthquake and main-shock records from the 1971 San Fernando, 1987 Whittier Narrows, 1991 Sierra Madre, and 1994 Northridge earthquakes are used to estimate site response in the urban Los Angeles, California, area. Two frequency bands are considered, 0.5-1.5 Hz and 2.0-6.0 Hz. Instrument characteristics prevented going to lower frequencies, and frequencies above 6.0 Hz are less important to the building inventory. Site response determined at the instrumented locations is associated with the surficial geology and contoured to produce a continuous spatial estimation of site response. The maps in this report are preliminary and will evolve as more data become available and more analysis is done.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96723","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S., Harmsen, S., Frankel, A.D., Carver, D.L., Cranswick, E., Meremonte, M.E., and Michael, J.A., 1996, Site-response maps for the Los Angeles region based on earthquake ground motions: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-723, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96723.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51609,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0723/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":108982,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18690.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"18690"},{"id":8091,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/ofr-96-0723/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0723/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Los Angeles","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.75,\n              33.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.625,\n              33.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.625,\n              34.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.75,\n              34.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.75,\n              33.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f16c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H.","contributorId":94695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harmsen, Stephen C. harmsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"Stephen C.","email":"harmsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":187436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":1363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":187435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carver, David L.","contributorId":56644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carver","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cranswick, Edward","contributorId":15611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranswick","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meremonte, Mark E. meremonte@usgs.gov","contributorId":4664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meremonte","given":"Mark","email":"meremonte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":187438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":187437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":23345,"text":"ofr96211 - 1996 - Progress report on daily flow-routing simulation for the Carson River, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:18","indexId":"ofr96211","displayToPublicDate":"1999-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-211","title":"Progress report on daily flow-routing simulation for the Carson River, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"A physically based flow-routing model using Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) was constructed for modeling streamflow in the Carson River at daily time intervals as part of the Truckee-Carson Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Daily streamflow data for water years 1978-92 for the mainstem river, tributaries, and irrigation ditches from the East Fork Carson River near Markleeville and West Fork Carson River at Woodfords down to the mainstem Carson River at Fort Churchill upstream from Lahontan Reservoir were obtained from several agencies and were compiled into a comprehensive data base. No previous physically based flow-routing model of the Carson River has incorporated multi-agency streamflow data into a single data base and simulated flow at a daily time interval. Where streamflow data were unavailable or incomplete, hydrologic techniques were used to estimate some flows. For modeling purposes, the Carson River was divided into six segments, which correspond to those used in the Alpine Decree that governs water rights along the river. Hydraulic characteristics were defined for 48 individual stream reaches based on cross-sectional survey data obtained from field surveys and previous studies. Simulation results from the model were compared with available observed and estimated streamflow data. Model testing demonstrated that hydraulic characteristics of the Carson River are adequately represented in the models for a range of flow regimes. Differences between simulated and observed streamflow result mostly from inadequate data characterizing inflow and outflow from the river. Because irrigation return flows are largely unknown, irrigation return flow percentages were used as a calibration parameter to minimize differences between observed and simulated streamflows. Observed and simulated streamflow were compared for daily periods for the full modeled length of the Carson River and for two major subreaches modeled with more detailed input data. Hydrographs and statistics presented in this report describe these differences. A sensitivity analysis of four estimated components of the hydrologic system evaluated which components were significant in the model. Estimated ungaged tributary streamflow is not a significant component of the model during low runoff, but is significant during high runoff. The sensitivity analysis indicates that changes in the estimated irrigation diversion and estimated return flow creates a noticeable change in the statistics. The modeling for this study is preliminary. Results of the model are constrained by current availability and accuracy of observed hydrologic data. Several inflows and outflows of the Carson River are not described by time-series data and therefore are not represented in the model.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96211","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hess, G.W., 1996, Progress report on daily flow-routing simulation for the Carson River, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-211, iv, 41 p. :ill., col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96211.","productDescription":"iv, 41 p. :ill., col. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0211/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19457,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0211/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52644,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0211/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db64865c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hess, G. W.","contributorId":43338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24528,"text":"ofr9615 - 1996 - Circulation and effluent dilution modeling in Massachusetts Bay : model implementation, verification and results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:09","indexId":"ofr9615","displayToPublicDate":"1999-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-15","title":"Circulation and effluent dilution modeling in Massachusetts Bay : model implementation, verification and results","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was developed as part of a cooperative U.S. Geological Survey/Massachusetts Water Resources Authority program to study contaminated sediment accumulation and transport in Massachusetts Bay. This report details the development of the model and assesses how well the model represents observed currents and water properties in the bay. It also summarizes circulation and comparative effluent dilution simulations from existing and future Boston sewage outfalls over a three-year period from October 1, 1989 to December 31, 1992. \r\n\r\nThe ECOM-si model, a semi-implicit version of the Blumberg and Mellor (1987) Estuarine, Coastal and Ocean Model, is shown to reproduce many of the important hydrodynamical features of Massachusetts Bay: the seasonal evolution of the pycnocline, the mean flow pattern, and the strength of sub-tidal current fluctuations. Throughout the simulation period, during both vertically well-mixed and stratified conditions, the seasonal statistics of observed currents are well-represented by the model. The model is therefore appropriate for studying the average dilution of sewage effluent and other continuously discharged substances over seasonal time scales. \r\n\r\nThe ability of the model to reproduce individual flow events varies with season and location within the bay. Flow events during unstratified conditions in western Massachusetts Bay are particularly well-represented, indicating that the model is appropriate for studying processes such as the transport of suspended material from the future outfall site due to winter storms. Individual flow events during stratified conditions and in the offshore Stellwagen Bank region, however, are less well-represented due to small length scales (caused by upwelling and river discharge events) coupled with insufficient data to specify open boundary forcing from the Gulf of Maine. Thus while the model might be used to answer issues such as the frequency with which Gulf of Maine river plumes visit the new outfall site, attempting to predict whether a particular plume would visit the outfall site could be problematic. \r\n\r\nComparative simulations of effluent discharged from the existing and future Boston outfalls show that the region of relatively high effluent concentrations (1 part effluent to 200 parts sea water) is significantly smaller with the future outfall and is limited to Western Massachusetts Bay during both unstratified and stratified seasons. The region of even higher concentration (1 part effluent to 50 parts sea water) that covers much of Boston Harbor with the existing outfall is non-existent in the future outfall simulation. Additional simulations of chlorination plant failure predict that the offshore location of the future outfall will lead to dramatically lower levels of pathogens at area beaches.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, Woods Hole Field Center,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9615","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Signell, R.P., Jenter, H.L., and Blumberg, A.F., 1996, Circulation and effluent dilution modeling in Massachusetts Bay : model implementation, verification and results: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-15, 121 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9615.","productDescription":"121 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1622,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://crusty.er.usgs.gov/mbayopen/mbayopen.html ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0015/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53581,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0015/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672cc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Signell, Richard P. rsignell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":192087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenter, Harry L. 0000-0002-1307-8785 hjenter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1307-8785","contributorId":228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenter","given":"Harry","email":"hjenter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blumberg, Alan F.","contributorId":66299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumberg","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":32078,"text":"ofr96534 - 1996 - Geologic Map of the Cascade Head Area, Northwestern Oregon Coast Range (Neskiwin, Nestucca Bay, Hebo, and Dolph 7.5 minute Quadrangles)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T11:07:50","indexId":"ofr96534","displayToPublicDate":"1999-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-534","title":"Geologic Map of the Cascade Head Area, Northwestern Oregon Coast Range (Neskiwin, Nestucca Bay, Hebo, and Dolph 7.5 minute Quadrangles)","docAbstract":"<p>The geology of the Cascade Head area bridges the geology in the Tillamook Highlands to the north (Wells and others, 1994; 1995) with that of the Newport Embayment on the south (Snavely and others, 1976 a,b,c). The four 7.5-minute quadrangles (Neskowin, Nestucca Bay, Hebo, and Dolph) which comprise the Cascade Head area include significant stratigraphic, structural, and igneous data that are essential in unraveling the geology of the northern and central part of the Oregon Coast Range and of the adjacent continental shelf</p><p>Earlier studies (Snavely and Vokes, 1949) were of a broad reconnaissance nature because of limited access in this rugged, densely forested part of the Siuslaw National Forest. Also, numerous thick sills of late middle Eocene diabase and middle Miocene basalt mask the Eocene stratigraphic relationships. Previous mapping was hampered by a lack of precise biostratigraphic data. However, recent advances in biostratigraphy and radiometric age dating and geochemistry have provided the necessary tools to decipher stratigraphic and structural relationships in the Eocene sedimentary and volcanic rock sequences&nbsp;(W.W. Rau, personal communication, 1978 to 1988; Bukry and Snavely, 1988).&nbsp;</p><p>Many important stratigraphic and igneous relationships are displayed within the Casacde Head area: </p><p>(1) turbidite sandstone of the middle Eocene Tyee Formation, which is widespread in the central and southern part of the Oregon Coast Range (Snavely and others, 1964), was not deposited in the western part of the Cascade Head, and is of limited extent north of the map area (Wells and others, 1994); </p><p>(2) the late middle Eocene Yamhill Formation, which crops out along the west and east flank of the Oregon Coast Range, overlaps older strata and overlies an erosional unconformity on the lower Eocene Siletz River Volcanics (Snavely and others, 1990; 1991); </p><p>(3) thick sills of late middle Eocene diabase (43 Ma) are widespread in the Cascade Head area and also form much of the eastern flank of the Tillamook Highlands (Wells and others, 1994), but are rare south of the map area; </p><p>(4) Cascade Head is the northernmost eruptive center of late Eocene alkalic basalts--85 km north of the eruptive center of correlative alkalic flows of the&nbsp;Yachats Basalt in the Newport Embayment (Snavely and Vokes, 1949; Snavely and others, 1990; Barnes and Barnes, 1992; Davis and others, 1995);&nbsp;</p><p>(5) early Oligocene (33 Ma) sills and dikes of nepheline syenite and camptonite present in the Newport Embayment (Snavely and Wagner, 1961) are not found in the Cascade Head area; </p><p>(6) extensive middle Oligocene (30 Ma) granophyric gabbro sills that are widespread in the central part of the Oregon Coast Range (Snavely and Wagner, 1961; MacLeod, 1969) are not present in the Cascade Head area. </p><p>The Cascade Head area is the last segment of the Oregon Coast to receive detailed geologic mapping. Increased logging operations in the 1970's and 1980's created numerous new roadcut exposures and access to exposures in stream beds. More importantly, microfossil biostratigraphic control, available since 1970, based upon foraminifer determinations by W.W. Rau and nannofossil determinations by David Bukry provided critical information on stratigraphic succession as well as on depositional environments of the deep water (bathyal) siltstone units present in much of the Cascade Head area. These paleontologic data also permitted correlations with other&nbsp;sedimentary sequences mapped in the Newport Embayment and in the Tillamook Highlands as well as in western Washington.&nbsp;</p><p>New 7.5-minute topographic maps and aerial photographs which became available in the late 1980's provided detailed topography which can be related to the distribution of thick sills and broad landslide areas, as well as a precise geographic relationship of geologic observations in this densely forested and brush-covered terrain. </p><p>New geographic information systems (GIS) technology has produced a digitized color map of the Cascade Head area that combines the four 7.5-minute quadrangles that previously were open-filed as separate black and white 7.5-minute quadrangles (Snavely and others, 1990; 1990a; 1991; 1993). </p><p>The tectonic framework and stratigraphic architecture presented on the map of the Cascade Head area was obtained by classic geologic field methods. This information could have been obtained only through detailed observation and sampling along stream beds, road cuts, and outcrops. Remote sensing techniques were of minor help in unraveling the geology in this poorly exposed and complex terrain, a terrain that characterizes much of the Oregon and Washington Coast Ranges. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96534","usgsCitation":"Snavely, P., Niem, A., Wong, F.L., MacLeod, N.S., Calhoun, T.K., Minasian, D.L., and Niem, W., 1996, Geologic Map of the Cascade Head Area, Northwestern Oregon Coast Range (Neskiwin, Nestucca Bay, Hebo, and Dolph 7.5 minute Quadrangles): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-534, Report: 16 p.; 2 Plates: 44.86 x 26.85 inches and 45.27 x 28.60 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96534.","productDescription":"Report: 16 p.; 2 Plates: 44.86 x 26.85 inches and 45.27 x 28.60 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":350270,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0534/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":350271,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0534/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":350269,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0534/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":167634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0534/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Head area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124,\n              45\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.75,\n              45\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.75,\n              45.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -124,\n              45.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -124,\n              45\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8564","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snavely, Parke D. Jr.","contributorId":80328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snavely","given":"Parke D.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niem, Alan","contributorId":7345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niem","given":"Alan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"MacLeod, Norman S.","contributorId":13643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacLeod","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Calhoun, Tracy K.","contributorId":93114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calhoun","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Minasian, Diane L. dminasian@usgs.gov","contributorId":12906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minasian","given":"Diane","email":"dminasian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Niem, Wendy","contributorId":67949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niem","given":"Wendy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":28783,"text":"wri964171 - 1996 - Geohydrology of the Weldon Spring ordnance works, St. Charles County, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T14:40:42","indexId":"wri964171","displayToPublicDate":"1999-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4171","title":"Geohydrology of the Weldon Spring ordnance works, St. Charles County, Missouri","docAbstract":"<p>Bedrock units at the Weldon Spring ordnance works in St. Charles County, Missouri, dip to the northeast at about 60 feet per mile, as measured by the top of the Chouteau Group. The top of the bedrock forms a generally east-west trending ridge through the Weldon Spring training area and the Weldon Spring chemical plant. This surface contains a large, broad bedrock low centered about the unnamed tributary to Dardenne Creek that contains Burgermeister spring. The low has been interpreted to be a paleodrainage that existed before deposition of glacial drift. This feature consists of smaller, more elongate paleovalleys at and west of the chemical plant where more dense drillhole data provide better definition.</p><p>The uppermost bedrock unit throughout most of the ordnance works is the BurlingtonKeokuk Limestone of Mississippian age. It is subdivided based on weathering characteristics into a lower, unweathered unit; an upper, weathered unit; and a strongly weathered subunit of the weathered unit. The unweathered unit is a light to medium gray, coarse to less commonly fine crystalline, thin to massive bedded, fossiliferous, cherty limestone. The unweathered unit can be silty or argillaceous, or can locally be dolostone or siltstone. The weathered unit is characterized by an increase in mostly horizontal fractures and partings, increased porosity, vugs, voids, breccia, and discoloration by iron oxides. A strongly weathered subunit of the weathered unit is identified in some monitoring wells where these features are particularly abundant or intense.</p><p>The overburden units are, in ascending order: residuum, basal till, glacial till, including a glacial outwash subunit, the Ferrelview Formation, loess, alluvium, and fill. Some of the thickest overburden occurs in the northern part of the training area and north of the training area and may be caused by a larger thickness of glacial drift. The paleodrainage centered about the unnamed tributary to Dardenne Creek that contains Burgermeister spring appears to have been partially filled by glacial drift, and a surface-water divide now exists southeast of the tributary.</p><p>The upper, more permeable part of the shallow aquifer consists of the residuum, basal till, glacial outwash (where there is no glacial till below it), and the weathered unit of the Burlington-Keokuk Limestone. The lower, less permeable part of the shallow aquifer consists of the unweathered unit of the Burlington-Keokuk Limestone and the Fern Glen Formation. Generally, the upper part of the shallow aquifer thins to the north, reflecting the thin to absent weathered unit north of the training area and chemical plant. A glacial drift confining unit consists of parts of the glacial till and the Ferrelview Formation. Ground water as recharge and discharge probably moves in fractures through this unit. It confines ground water where the potentiometric surface of the shallow aquifer is above its base. There are stream reaches where the streams have cut through the glacial drift confining unit to expose the underlying shallow aquifer.</p><p>A potentiometric surface map of the shallow aquifer shows a large ground-water mound in the south-central part of the training area. This&nbsp;mound is part of a generally east-west trending ground-water ridge through the training area and the chemical plant that defines a ground-water divide. Precipitation that percolates downward through fractures in the glacial drift confining unit recharges the shallow aquifer. Where the glacial drift confining unit is not present, precipitation can be expected to recharge the shallow aquifer more readily. There is the potential for groundwater flow in permeable overburden units where the potentiometric surface is above the top of bedrock. Generally, the residuum and locally other overburden units of the shallow aquifer potentially become more important as mediums of ground-water flow north and downgradient of the ground-water ridge. This is probably limited where clay-rich zones in the residuum confine ground water below in the bedrock. Because the thickness of the weathered unit generally decreases to the north, it generally becomes a less important medium of ground-water flow downgradient to the north. Also to the north, the potentiometric surface of the shallow aquifer is above the base of the glacial drift confining unit over a large area, indicating that the aquifer is confined. Upward ground-water gradients measured in monitoring well pairs, Burgermeister and other springs, the gaining unnamed tributary to Dardenne Creek upstream of Burgermeister spring, and Dardenne Creek indicate ground-water discharge in the northern part of the ordnance works.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964171","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Mugel, D.N., 1996, Geohydrology of the Weldon Spring ordnance works, St. Charles County, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4171, Report: iv, 47 p.; 16 Plates: 17.00 x 11.04 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964171.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 47 p.; 16 Plates: 17.00 x 11.04 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57662,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4171/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":361517,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4171/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":361508,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4171/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":361509,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4171/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":361518,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4171/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4171/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":361519,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4171/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":361510,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4171/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":361520,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4171/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":361511,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4171/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":361512,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4171/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":361521,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4171/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":361522,"rank":17,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4171/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":361523,"rank":18,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4171/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":361513,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4171/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":361514,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4171/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":361515,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4171/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":361516,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4171/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","county":"St. Charles County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.94207763671875,\n              38.511639141458616\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.5328369140625,\n              38.511639141458616\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.5328369140625,\n              38.91133881927712\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.94207763671875,\n              38.91133881927712\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.94207763671875,\n              38.511639141458616\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a88b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mugel, Douglas N. dmugel@usgs.gov","contributorId":290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mugel","given":"Douglas","email":"dmugel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4875,"text":"ds20 - 1996 - Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:06","indexId":"ds20","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"20","title":"Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS)","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) operates the Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), a digital system that contained 111,955 records on Sept. 1, 1995. Records describe metallic and industrial commodity deposits, mines, prospects, and occurrences in the United States and selected other countries. These records have been created over the years by USGS commodity specialists and through cooperative agreements with geological surveys of U.S. States and other countries. This CD-ROM contains the complete MRDS data base, several subsets of it, and software to allow data retrieval and display. Data retrievals are made by using GSSEARCH, a program that is included on this CD-ROM. Retrievals are made by specifying fields or any combination of the fields that provide information on deposit name, location, commodity, deposit model type, geology, mineral production, reserves, and references. A tutorial is included. Retrieved records may be printed or written to a hard disk file in four different formats: ascii, fixed, comma delimited, and DBASE compatible.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ds20","issn":"1088-1018","isbn":"0607855088","usgsCitation":"Mason, G., and Arndt, R., 1996, Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 20, 1 computer laser optical disc ;4 3/4 in.  Metadata available at: http://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/metadata/digital-data/20/metadata.faq.html, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds20.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc ;4 3/4 in.  Metadata available at: http://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/metadata/digital-data/20/metadata.faq.html","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -160.5,18.9 ], [ -160.5,71.5 ], [ -67,71.5 ], [ -67,18.9 ], [ -160.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc194","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, G.T.","contributorId":9232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arndt, R.E.","contributorId":67874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arndt","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24824,"text":"ofr96205 - 1996 - Selected ground-water data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, through December 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:14","indexId":"ofr96205","displayToPublicDate":"1998-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-205","title":"Selected ground-water data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, through December 1994","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in support of the U.S. Department of Energy, Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project, collects, compiles, and summarizes hydrologic data in the Yucca Mountain region. The data are collected to allow assessments of ground-water resources during studies to determine the potential suitability of Yucca Mountain for storing high-level nuclear waste. Data on ground-water levels at 36 sites, ground-water discharge at 6 sites, and ground-water withdrawals within Crater Flat, Jackass Flats, Mercury Valley, and the Amargosa Desert are presented for calendar year 1994. Data collected prior to 1994 are graphically presented and data collected by other agencies (or as part of other programs) are included to further indicate variations of ground-water levels, discharges, and withdrawals through time. A statistical summary of ground-water levels at seven wells in Jackass Flats is presented. The statistical summary includes the number of measurements, the maximum, minimum, and median water-level altitudes, and the average deviation of measured water-level altitudes for selected baseline periods and for calendar years 1992-94.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96205","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Westenburg, C., and La Camera, R., 1996, Selected ground-water data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, through December 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-205, iv, 73 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96205.","productDescription":"iv, 73 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0205/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19514,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0205/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":53831,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0205/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3ea5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westenburg, C.L.","contributorId":102511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westenburg","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"La Camera, R.J.","contributorId":83932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Camera","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2332,"text":"wsp2470B - 1996 - Simulation analysis of the ground-water flow system in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20184,"text":"ofr94505 - 1994 - Simulation analysis of the ground-water flow system in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington","indexId":"ofr94505","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Simulation analysis of the ground-water flow system in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2332,"text":"wsp2470B - 1996 - Simulation analysis of the ground-water flow system in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington","indexId":"wsp2470B","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Simulation analysis of the ground-water flow system in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T13:49:38","indexId":"wsp2470B","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2470","chapter":"B","title":"Simulation analysis of the ground-water flow system in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington","docAbstract":"This report presents results derived from a numerical model of the ground-water flow system in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington, that was used to test and refine the conceptual understanding of the flow system, estimate the effects of past and future human-caused changes to ground-water recharge and discharge on ground-water levels and streamflow, and determine priorities for ground-water monitoring and data collection that would facilitate improvements in the utility and accuracy of the model.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wsp2470B","collaboration":"Two files available for download:\r\nFirst file contains the documents text only.\r\nSecond, larger, file contains only the plates for this document.","usgsCitation":"Morgan, D.S., and McFarland, W.D., 1996, Simulation analysis of the ground-water flow system in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington (Supersedes OFR 94-505): U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2470, v, 83 p.; 9 plates in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2470B.","productDescription":"v, 83 p.; 9 plates in pocket","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":28191,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2470b/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28192,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2470b/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2470b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28193,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2470b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28184,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2470b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28185,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2470b/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28186,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2470b/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28187,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2470b/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28188,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2470b/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28189,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2470b/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28190,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2470b/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Supersedes OFR 94-505","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f306e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, David S.","contributorId":73181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McFarland, William D.","contributorId":18738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23540,"text":"ofr96681 - 1996 - Alaska resource data file: Mount Michelson quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-22T20:12:59.91588","indexId":"ofr96681","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-681","title":"Alaska resource data file: Mount Michelson quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96681","usgsCitation":"Kelly, J.S., 1996, Alaska resource data file: Mount Michelson quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-681, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96681.","productDescription":"21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":52828,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0681/of96681.pdf","text":"Report","size":"256 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 96-681 PDF"},{"id":1616,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403949,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37190.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154886,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0681/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mount Michelson quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147,\n              69\n            ],\n            [\n              -144,\n              69            \n            ],\n            [\n              -144,\n              70\n            ],\n            [\n              -147,\n              70\n            ],\n            [\n              -147,\n              69\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688de3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, J. S.","contributorId":21183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23536,"text":"ofr96679 - 1996 - Alaska resource data file: Umiat quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T12:06:55.353513","indexId":"ofr96679","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-679","title":"Alaska resource data file: Umiat quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96679","usgsCitation":"Kelley, J.S., 1996, Alaska resource data file: Umiat quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-679, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96679.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":52824,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0679/ofr96679.pdf","text":"Report","size":"170 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 96-679 PDF"},{"id":1613,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403951,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37189.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154882,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0679/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Umiat quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -153,\n              69\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              69\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              70\n            ],\n            [\n              -153,\n              70\n            ],\n            [\n              -153,\n              69\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688dfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, John Stewart","contributorId":25535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Stewart","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29600,"text":"wri974113 - 1996 - Drought-trigger ground-water levels and analysis of historical water-level trends in Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T16:07:23","indexId":"wri974113","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4113","title":"Drought-trigger ground-water levels and analysis of historical water-level trends in Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The Chester County observation-well network was established in 1973 through a cooperative agreement between the Chester County Water Resources Authority (CCWRA) and the U.S. Geological Survey. The network was established to monitor local ground-water levels, to determine drought conditions, and to monitor ground-water-level trends. Drought-warning and drought-emergency water-level triggers were determined for 20 of the 23 wells in the Chester County observation-well network. A statistical test to determine either rising or declining water-level trends was performed on data for all wells in the network. Water-level data from both of these wells showed a rising trend. A decrease in ground-water pumping in the area near these wells was probably the reason for the rise in water levels.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974113","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Chester County Water Resources Authority","usgsCitation":"Schreffler, C.L., 1996, Drought-trigger ground-water levels and analysis of historical water-level trends in Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4113, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974113.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4113/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":58425,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4113/wri19974113.pdf","text":"Report","size":"285 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 1997-4113"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Chester County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-75.6968,40.2417],[-75.6912,40.2388],[-75.6894,40.2378],[-75.6864,40.2387],[-75.6784,40.2436],[-75.6741,40.2458],[-75.6705,40.2466],[-75.6645,40.2461],[-75.6549,40.2428],[-75.6478,40.2404],[-75.6406,40.2371],[-75.6304,40.2347],[-75.6209,40.2305],[-75.6186,40.2277],[-75.6151,40.2245],[-75.6114,40.2244],[-75.6078,40.2258],[-75.6047,40.2275],[-75.6059,40.2294],[-75.6076,40.2326],[-75.6088,40.2348],[-75.6081,40.2366],[-75.605,40.2389],[-75.6014,40.2379],[-75.5997,40.2365],[-75.5973,40.2347],[-75.591,40.2214],[-75.5835,40.21],[-75.5801,40.2045],[-75.5796,40.2004],[-75.5766,40.1981],[-75.5724,40.1967],[-75.5694,40.1966],[-75.5676,40.1975],[-75.5645,40.2006],[-75.5644,40.2029],[-75.5655,40.207],[-75.5661,40.2093],[-75.5636,40.2101],[-75.5606,40.2096],[-75.5589,40.2073],[-75.5554,40.2023],[-75.5503,40.19],[-75.544,40.1794],[-75.5387,40.1739],[-75.527,40.1664],[-75.5275,40.1492],[-75.5239,40.1468],[-75.5184,40.1475],[-75.5127,40.1595],[-75.503,40.1593],[-75.5,40.1563],[-75.5036,40.1506],[-75.5107,40.1422],[-75.5088,40.1347],[-75.4905,40.1253],[-75.4729,40.1287],[-75.4611,40.1241],[-75.4627,40.119],[-75.4691,40.1169],[-75.4719,40.1116],[-75.4693,40.1066],[-75.4618,40.1027],[-75.4633,40.0971],[-75.4563,40.0945],[-75.4558,40.0876],[-75.4401,40.0941],[-75.4369,40.0899],[-75.42,40.0966],[-75.3927,40.0604],[-75.3669,40.0723],[-75.361,40.0668],[-75.3702,40.062],[-75.3732,40.0602],[-75.3811,40.0572],[-75.4012,40.0475],[-75.4025,40.0471],[-75.4086,40.0436],[-75.4128,40.0418],[-75.4106,40.0373],[-75.4076,40.0336],[-75.406,40.0295],[-75.4139,40.0242],[-75.4207,40.0202],[-75.4311,40.0118],[-75.4508,39.9958],[-75.452,39.9949],[-75.4532,39.994],[-75.4521,39.9926],[-75.4455,39.9925],[-75.4437,39.9925],[-75.4412,39.9933],[-75.4401,39.9915],[-75.4372,39.9865],[-75.4385,39.9842],[-75.4398,39.9811],[-75.4399,39.9793],[-75.4423,39.9788],[-75.4446,39.9807],[-75.4726,39.968],[-75.4993,39.9557],[-75.5024,39.9544],[-75.5079,39.9518],[-75.5152,39.9483],[-75.5224,39.9452],[-75.5243,39.9443],[-75.5202,39.9397],[-75.5191,39.9374],[-75.5306,39.9322],[-75.526,39.9239],[-75.5315,39.9218],[-75.5366,39.9305],[-75.5427,39.9274],[-75.5398,39.9242],[-75.5447,39.922],[-75.5424,39.9183],[-75.5502,39.9152],[-75.5468,39.9093],[-75.5553,39.9058],[-75.5576,39.9086],[-75.5601,39.9072],[-75.5583,39.904],[-75.562,39.9023],[-75.5711,39.897],[-75.573,39.8943],[-75.5714,39.8879],[-75.5799,39.8835],[-75.5822,39.8854],[-75.5834,39.8849],[-75.5852,39.8863],[-75.5888,39.8846],[-75.5842,39.8804],[-75.5981,39.8747],[-75.5952,39.8724],[-75.5934,39.8697],[-75.5935,39.8683],[-75.5959,39.8652],[-75.599,39.862],[-75.6003,39.8602],[-75.6015,39.858],[-75.601,39.8562],[-75.5975,39.8539],[-75.5939,39.8515],[-75.5946,39.8488],[-75.5965,39.8457],[-75.5978,39.8416],[-75.5973,39.8379],[-75.6146,39.835],[-75.6308,39.8314],[-75.6464,39.827],[-75.647,39.8268],[-75.6661,39.82],[-75.6775,39.8156],[-75.6928,39.8074],[-75.7056,39.7991],[-75.7177,39.7912],[-75.724,39.7866],[-75.7268,39.7845],[-75.7378,39.775],[-75.7476,39.7653],[-75.7551,39.756],[-75.7611,39.7478],[-75.7662,39.7393],[-75.77,39.731],[-75.7723,39.7231],[-75.7875,39.7231],[-76.0148,39.7228],[-76.1392,39.7223],[-76.1373,39.7262],[-76.1337,39.728],[-76.1307,39.728],[-76.1266,39.7265],[-76.1236,39.7242],[-76.1188,39.726],[-76.1187,39.7301],[-76.1205,39.7333],[-76.1198,39.7364],[-76.1144,39.7368],[-76.1115,39.735],[-76.1121,39.7318],[-76.1134,39.7287],[-76.1104,39.7268],[-76.1051,39.7254],[-76.0996,39.7285],[-76.0965,39.7326],[-76.0959,39.7362],[-76.0988,39.738],[-76.1018,39.7399],[-76.1018,39.7421],[-76.1011,39.7449],[-76.0957,39.7448],[-76.0909,39.7452],[-76.0873,39.7474],[-76.0842,39.7537],[-76.0841,39.7592],[-76.0804,39.7609],[-76.0678,39.7626],[-76.066,39.7644],[-76.0654,39.7671],[-76.0659,39.7708],[-76.0628,39.7734],[-76.0616,39.7752],[-76.0615,39.7789],[-76.0567,39.7802],[-76.0537,39.7819],[-76.0506,39.7846],[-76.0481,39.79],[-76.0444,39.7963],[-76.0377,39.8026],[-76.0352,39.808],[-76.0303,39.813],[-76.0308,39.8175],[-76.032,39.8207],[-76.0265,39.8247],[-76.0253,39.826],[-76.0252,39.8301],[-76.0234,39.831],[-76.0191,39.8319],[-76.0191,39.8337],[-76.0202,39.8378],[-76.023,39.8464],[-76.0217,39.8518],[-76.0211,39.8537],[-76.0181,39.8545],[-76.0163,39.854],[-76.0127,39.8531],[-76.0103,39.8531],[-76.0091,39.8544],[-76.007,39.8666],[-76.0051,39.8712],[-76.0039,39.873],[-76.0015,39.8738],[-75.9991,39.8734],[-75.9974,39.8715],[-75.9956,39.8701],[-75.9932,39.8697],[-75.9926,39.8706],[-75.9908,39.8719],[-75.9877,39.8732],[-75.9871,39.8746],[-75.9877,39.8768],[-75.9912,39.8801],[-75.9905,39.8828],[-75.9899,39.8868],[-75.9879,39.8927],[-75.9885,39.895],[-75.9902,39.8977],[-75.9943,39.901],[-75.9961,39.9028],[-75.9957,39.9236],[-75.9962,39.9259],[-75.998,39.9273],[-75.9968,39.9282],[-75.9938,39.9277],[-75.9926,39.9268],[-75.9914,39.9272],[-75.9902,39.9286],[-75.9859,39.9308],[-75.9841,39.9308],[-75.9823,39.9307],[-75.9811,39.9316],[-75.9805,39.9334],[-75.9822,39.9362],[-75.9875,39.9399],[-75.9915,39.9481],[-75.9921,39.9513],[-75.992,39.9544],[-75.9901,39.958],[-75.9889,39.9607],[-75.987,39.9634],[-75.9869,39.9675],[-75.9722,39.9855],[-75.964,40.0008],[-75.9628,40.0026],[-75.956,40.0125],[-75.9504,40.0197],[-75.935,40.0394],[-75.9354,40.0471],[-75.9361,40.0689],[-75.9365,40.0807],[-75.9403,40.0989],[-75.9413,40.1066],[-75.9412,40.1093],[-75.9315,40.1138],[-75.9139,40.1212],[-75.9018,40.1261],[-75.8757,40.1371],[-75.8604,40.1464],[-75.8494,40.154],[-75.7773,40.1997],[-75.7724,40.2028],[-75.7602,40.2085],[-75.7322,40.2231],[-75.6986,40.2408],[-75.6968,40.2417]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Chester\",\"state\":\"PA\"}}]}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\">Pennsylvania Water Science Center</a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 215 Limekiln Road<br> New Cumberland, PA 17070</p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633cdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schreffler, Curtis L. clschref@usgs.gov","contributorId":333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreffler","given":"Curtis","email":"clschref@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":201790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23535,"text":"ofr96678 - 1996 - Alaska resource data file: Demarcation Point quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-27T17:19:23.004445","indexId":"ofr96678","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-678","title":"Alaska resource data file: Demarcation Point quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96678","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Kelley, J., 1996, Alaska resource data file: Demarcation Point quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-678, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96678.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1612,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156081,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0678/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52823,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0678/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":389039,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37188.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Demarcation Point quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -144.0,\n              69.0\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.0,\n              69.0\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.0,\n              70.0\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.0,\n              70.0\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.0,\n              69.0\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ee3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, John S.","contributorId":23560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"John S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31998,"text":"ofr96272 - 1996 - Offshore gas hydrate sample database with an overview and preliminary analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:10","indexId":"ofr96272","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-272","title":"Offshore gas hydrate sample database with an overview and preliminary analysis","docAbstract":"Synopsis -- A database of offshore gas hydrate samples was constructed from published observations and measurements. More than 90 samples from 15 distinct regions are represented in 13 data categories. This database has permitted preliminary description of gas hydrate (chiefly methane hydrate) tendencies and associations with respect to their geological environment.\r\n\r\nGas hydrates have been recovered from offshore sediment worldwide and from total depths (water depth plus subseabed depth) ranging from 500 m to nearly 6,000 m. Samples have come from subbottom depths ranging from 0 to 400 m. Various physiographic provinces are represented in the data set including second order landforms such as continental margins and deep-sea trenches, and third order forms such as submarine canyons, continental slopes, continental margin ridges and intraslope basins. There is a clear association between fault zones and other manifestations of local, tectonic-related processes, and hydrate-bearing sediment.\r\n\r\nSamples of gas hydrate frequently consist of individual grains or particles. These types of hydrates are often further described as inclusions or disseminated in the sediment. Moreover, hydrates occur as a cement, as nodules, or as layers (mostly laminae) or in veins. The preponderance of hydrates that could be characterized as 2- dimensional (planar) were associated with fine sediment, either as intercalated layers or in fractures. Hydrate cements were commonly associated with coarser sediment.\r\n\r\nHydrates have been found in association with grain sizes ranging from clay through gravel. More hydrates are associated with the more abundant finer-grained sediment than with coarser sediment, and many were discovered in the presence of both fine (silt and clay) and coarse sediment.\r\n\r\nThe thickness of hydrate zones (i. e., sections of hydrate-bearing sediment) varies from a few centimeters to as much as 30 m. In contrast, the thickness of layers of pure hydrate or the dimensions of individual hydrate grains were most often characterized in terms of millimeters or centimeters, although a pure hydrate layer discovered in the Middle America Trench off Guatemala was as much as 3-4-m-thick. The data suggest that grains, or thin veins or laminae of pure gas hydrate may be ubiquitous in many hydrate zones but that typically they may only comprise a minor component of the thicker zones.\r\n\r\nIn more than 80 percent of the hydrate samples the methane was of biogenic origin. The methane in the remainder was either classified as (or may be at least part) thermogenic. Each site where thermogenic gas was identified is characterized by faults or other manifestions of a dynamic geological environment (e.g., diapirs, mud volcanoes, gas seeps).\r\n\r\nEvery sample in the database came from within the zone of theoretical methane hydrate stability, as determined on the basis of assumed regional pressure and temperature gradients. Most show that they were situated --- expressed in terms of depth --- well above the phase boundary and about 70% of the samples were located more than 100 m above the assumed regional position of that boundary. The calculated subseabed positions of the phase boundaries and the BSRs (bottom simulating reflector) are essentially identical. This may be taken as general corroboration of the regional phase boundary calculations and the concept of the BSR.\r\n\r\nThree provocative aspects of marine gas hydrates have been disclosed by the database: \r\n\r\ngas hydrates are frequently situated at much shallower subseabed depths than the assumed contemporary position of the regional phase boundary \r\n\r\nhydrates are often found in areas typified by faults or other indicators of a dynamic geological environment \r\n\r\nzones of gas hydrate-bearing sediment tend to be tens of centimeters to tens of meters thick but the hydrate within the thicker zones tends to be only a minor constituent. \r\n\r\nWhether existing as dispersed particles, cements, or pure layers or vein","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr96272","usgsCitation":"Booth, J.S., Rowe, M.M., and Fisher, K.M., 1996, Offshore gas hydrate sample database with an overview and preliminary analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-272, 17 p., 1 over-size sheet :col. ill.;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96272.","productDescription":"17 p., 1 over-size sheet :col. ill.;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3301,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-272/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691d6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Booth, James S.","contributorId":93477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":207423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowe, Mary M.","contributorId":11259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Kathleen M.","contributorId":43397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5043,"text":"fs02396 - 1996 - U.S. Geological Survey Programs in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"fs02396","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"023-96","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Programs in Minnesota","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) maps, describes, and seeks to understand Minnesota's mineral, water, and biological resources. The USGS is known for impartial data collection and data interpretation that enable resource planners and others to make informed decisions. Today's issues are more pressing than ever - understanding natural hazards to minimize their effects on life and property, the continuing need for mineral- and water-resource development, and understanding the effects of human activities on water resources. As the Nation's leading natural-science agency, the USGS works with other Federal agencies and State and local agencies in addressing these issues. Watershed districts; soil- and water-conservation districts; Tribal governments; mining industries; educators; city, county, regional, State, and Federal planning agencies; consulting firms; crop consultants; farmers; and other private citizens use USGS maps, interpretive reports, and data to manage Minnesota's resources.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs02396","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, U.S. Geological Survey Programs in Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 023-96, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs02396.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0023/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":12200,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/stsheet/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":31866,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0023/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3f3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23661,"text":"ofr96558 - 1996 - Water-quality assessment of the Trinity River Basin, Texas - Nutrients in two coastal prairie streams draining agricultural areas, 1994-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T15:24:53","indexId":"ofr96558","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-558","title":"Water-quality assessment of the Trinity River Basin, Texas - Nutrients in two coastal prairie streams draining agricultural areas, 1994-95","docAbstract":"<p>In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began nationwide implementation of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Long-term goals of NAWQA are to describe the status of and trends in the quality of a large, representative part of the Nation?s surface- and ground-water resources and to provide a sound, scientific understanding of the primary natural and human factors affecting the quality of these resources (Leahy and others, 1990). The Trinity River Basin in east-central Texas (fig. 1) was among the first 20 hydrologic areas, called study units, to be assessed by this program. The first intensive data-collection phase for the Trinity River Basin NAWQA began in March 1993 and ended in September 1995. Streams in the Trinity River Basin were assessed by sampling water, bed sediment, and tissue of biota and characterizing the aquatic communities and their habitat. Aquifers were assessed by sampling water from wells. The coastal prairie is a small part of the Trinity River Basin, but it is environmentally important because of its proximity to Galveston Bay and the extensive use of agricultural chemicals on many irrigated farms. Galveston Bay (fig. 1) was selected by Congress as an estuary of national significance and was included on a priority list for the National Estuary Program. The Trinity River is especially important because its watershed dominates the total Galveston Bay drainage area and because its flow contributes substantial amounts of freshwater and water-quality constituents to the bay. Historically, measurements of the quantity and quality of water entering Galveston Bay from the Trinity River Basin have been made using data from a station about 113 kilometers (70 miles) upstream from Trinity Bay, an inlet bay to Galveston Bay. With a focused objective of providing additional water-quality information in the intervening coastal prairie area and an overall objective of improving the understanding of the relations between farming practices and stream quality in the Trinity River Basin, a special study was conducted. This report provides a description of the occurrence and concentrations of nutrients in two streams in this intervening area. An earlier report by Brown (1996) describes the occurrence and concentrations of pesticides in these two streams. An overall analysis of nutrient data collected during 1974?91 in the Trinity River Basin is given by Van Metre and Reutter (1995).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96558","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Land, L.F., 1996, Water-quality assessment of the Trinity River Basin, Texas - Nutrients in two coastal prairie streams draining agricultural areas, 1994-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-558, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96558.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0558/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":11559,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://tx.usgs.gov/projects/trin/pubs/pdf/ofr-96-558.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52920,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0558/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee615","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Land, Larry F.","contributorId":60612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22390,"text":"ofr96499 - 1996 - Aftermath of Hurricane Fran in North Carolina; preliminary data on flooding and water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:01","indexId":"ofr96499","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-499","title":"Aftermath of Hurricane Fran in North Carolina; preliminary data on flooding and water quality","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96499","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Bales, J., and Childress, C., 1996, Aftermath of Hurricane Fran in North Carolina; preliminary data on flooding and water quality: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-499, 6 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96499.","productDescription":"6 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1464,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr96-499","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0499/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51806,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0499/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689977","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, J. D.","contributorId":21569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Childress, C.J.","contributorId":88734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childress","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24483,"text":"ofr96471 - 1996 - Selected hydrogeologic data from the Cedar Rapids Area, Benton and Linn counties, Iowa, October 1992 through March 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-21T12:44:15","indexId":"ofr96471","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-471","title":"Selected hydrogeologic data from the Cedar Rapids Area, Benton and Linn counties, Iowa, October 1992 through March 1996","docAbstract":"<p>The city of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, obtains its water supply from shallow wells screened in the alluvial aquifer along the Cedar River. A cooperative study between the city of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and the U.S. Geological Survey was started in March 1992 to assess the water quality and water quantity of the ground-water resource. This report summarizes selected hydrogeologic data collected from October 1992 through March 1996. Information collected includes water quality (major ions, nutrients, and pesticides), ground-water levels, multiprobe-instrument data (water levels, specific conductance, pH, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen monitored at 15-, 30-, or 60-minute intervals), well information (location, casing type, screen interval, and depth), and geophysical seismic-refraction and seismic-reflection data (estimated depth to bedrock and alluvial thickness along the Cedar River). Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data were collected from domestic, municipal, observation, and industrial wells and the Cedar River. Well-construction data for more than 300 wells in the Cedar Rapids area in Benton and Linn Counties, Iowa, were compiled primarily from records on file with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Geologic Survey Bureau (Iowa City).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/ofr96471","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Cedar Rapids, Iowa","usgsCitation":"Schnoebelen, D., and Schulmeyer, P., 1996, Selected hydrogeologic data from the Cedar Rapids Area, Benton and Linn counties, Iowa, October 1992 through March 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-471, vi, 163 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96471.","productDescription":"vi, 163 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0471/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53551,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0471/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Benton County, Linn County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.88690185546875,\n              41.870583462266836\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.88690185546875,\n              42.12674735753131\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.61224365234375,\n              42.12674735753131\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.61224365234375,\n              41.870583462266836\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.88690185546875,\n              41.870583462266836\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f935a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schnoebelen, D.J.","contributorId":98352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnoebelen","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulmeyer, P.M.","contributorId":17208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulmeyer","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22855,"text":"ofr96652A - 1996 - Selected water-quality data for the lower Mississippi River, Bonnet Carre Spillway, and Lake Pontchartrain area, Louisiana, April through June 1994 and 1974-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:03","indexId":"ofr96652A","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-652","chapter":"A","title":"Selected water-quality data for the lower Mississippi River, Bonnet Carre Spillway, and Lake Pontchartrain area, Louisiana, April through June 1994 and 1974-84","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96652A","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Demcheck, D., Garrison, C., and McGee, B., 1996, Selected water-quality data for the lower Mississippi River, Bonnet Carre Spillway, and Lake Pontchartrain area, Louisiana, April through June 1994 and 1974-84: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-652, iv, 125 p. (some folded) :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96652A.","productDescription":"iv, 125 p. (some folded) :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156025,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0652a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52274,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0652a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a01e4b07f02db5f7eb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demcheck, D.K.","contributorId":87968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demcheck","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrison, C.R.","contributorId":100006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGee, B.D.","contributorId":106167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":23873,"text":"ofr96464 - 1996 - Hydrologic data for Carson and Antelope Valleys, Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine and Mono Counties, California, 1981-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:12","indexId":"ofr96464","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-464","title":"Hydrologic data for Carson and Antelope Valleys, Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine and Mono Counties, California, 1981-94","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96464","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Mello, K., 1996, Hydrologic data for Carson and Antelope Valleys, Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine and Mono Counties, California, 1981-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-464, iv, 54 p. :ill. map ;28 cm. +2 computer disks (3 1/2 in.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96464.","productDescription":"iv, 54 p. :ill. map ;28 cm. +2 computer disks (3 1/2 in.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0464/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53088,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0464/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":53089,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0464/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db683249","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mello, K.A.","contributorId":54241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mello","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21803,"text":"ofr96535 - 1996 - Geochemical data from the Payette National Forest and contiguous areas, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:45","indexId":"ofr96535","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-535","title":"Geochemical data from the Payette National Forest and contiguous areas, Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96535","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Hopkins, R.T., Motooka, J.M., McHugh, J.B., Watts, K.C., King, H.D., and Barton, H.N., 1996, Geochemical data from the Payette National Forest and contiguous areas, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-535, 6 p. :ill. ;28 cm. +1 computer disk (3 1/2 in.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96535.","productDescription":"6 p. :ill. ;28 cm. +1 computer disk (3 1/2 in.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0535/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51295,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0535/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae394","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hopkins, R. T. Jr.","contributorId":70743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Motooka, J. M.","contributorId":8834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"J.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McHugh, J. B.","contributorId":79462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watts, K. C. Jr.","contributorId":36578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"K.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"King, H. D.","contributorId":89113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barton, H. N.","contributorId":99546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}