Whether melanin-based colors honestly signal a bird's condition during the growth of feathers is controversial, and it is unclear if or how the physiological processes underlying melanogenesis or color-imparting structural feather microstructure may be adversely affected by condition. Here we report results from two experiments designed to measure the effect of condition on expression of eumelanic and pheomelanic coloration in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), respectively. In chickadees, we compared feathers of birds affected and unaffected by avian keratin disorder, while in zebra finches we compared feathers of controls with feathers of those subjected to an unpredictable food supply during development. In both cases we found that control birds had brighter feathers (higher total reflectance) and more barbules, but similar densities of melanosomes. In addition, the microstructure of the feathers explained variation in color more strongly than did melanosome density. Together, these results suggest that melanin-based coloration may in part be condition-dependent, but that this may be driven by changes in keratin and feather development, rather than melanogenesis itself. Researchers should be cautious when assigning variation in melanin-based color to melanin alone and microstructure of the feather should be taken into account.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology","publisherLocation":"McLean, VA","doi":"10.1093/icb/icu094","usgsCitation":"D’Alba, L., Van Hemert, C.R., Spencer, K.A., Heidinger, B.J., Gill, L., Evans, N.P., Monaghan, P., Handel, C.M., and Shawkey, M.D., 2014, Melanin-based color of plumage: role of condition and of feathers' microstructure: Integrative and Comparative Biology, v. 54, no. 4, p. 633-644, https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icu094.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"633","endPage":"644","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056282","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icu094","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297221,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bf0e4b08de9379b358d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D’Alba, Liliana","contributorId":138633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"D’Alba","given":"Liliana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12469,"text":"University of Akron","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Hemert, Caroline R. 0000-0002-6858-7165 cvanhemert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-7165","contributorId":3592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Hemert","given":"Caroline","email":"cvanhemert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spencer, Karen A.","contributorId":138634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spencer","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12470,"text":"University of St. Andrews","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heidinger, Britt J.","contributorId":138635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heidinger","given":"Britt","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12471,"text":"North Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gill, Lisa","contributorId":138636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gill","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12472,"text":"Max Planck Institute for Ornithology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Evans, Neil P.","contributorId":138637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12473,"text":"University of Glasgow","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Monaghan, Pat","contributorId":138638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monaghan","given":"Pat","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12473,"text":"University of Glasgow","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Shawkey, Matthew D.","contributorId":138639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shawkey","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12469,"text":"University of Akron","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70126736,"text":"sir20145138 - 2014 - Geologic and hydrogeologic frameworks of the Biscayne aquifer in central Miami-Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-01T09:35:53","indexId":"sir20145138","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T09:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5138","title":"Geologic and hydrogeologic frameworks of the Biscayne aquifer in central Miami-Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"Evaluations of the lithostratigraphy, lithofacies, paleontology, ichnology, depositional environments, and cyclostratigraphy from 11 test coreholes were linked to geophysical interpretations, and to results of hydraulic slug tests of six test coreholes at the Snapper Creek Well Field (SCWF), to construct geologic and hydrogeologic frameworks for the study area in central Miami-Dade County, Florida. The resulting geologic and hydrogeologic frameworks are consistent with those recently described for the Biscayne aquifer in the nearby Lake Belt area in Miami-Dade County and link the Lake Belt area frameworks with those developed for the SCWF study area. The hydrogeologic framework is characterized by a triple-porosity pore system of (1) matrix porosity (mainly mesoporous interparticle porosity, moldic porosity, and mesoporous to megaporous separate vugs), which under dynamic conditions, produces limited flow; (2) megaporous, touching-vug porosity that commonly forms stratiform groundwater passageways; and (3) conduit porosity, including bedding-plane vugs, decimeter-scale diameter vertical solution pipes, and meter-scale cavernous vugs. The various pore types and associated permeabilities generally have a predictable vertical spatial distribution related to the cyclostratigraphy.
\nThe Biscayne aquifer within the study area can be described as two major flow units separated by a single middle semiconfining unit. The upper Biscayne aquifer flow unit is present mainly within the Miami Limestone at the top of the aquifer and has the greatest hydraulic conductivity values, with a mean of 8,200 feet per day. The middle semiconfining unit, mainly within the upper Fort Thompson Formation, comprises continuous to discontinuous zones with (1) matrix porosity; (2) leaky, low permeability layers that may have up to centimeter-scale vuggy porosity with higher vertical permeability than horizontal permeability; and (3) stratiform flow zones composed of fossil moldic porosity, burrow related vugs, or irregular vugs. Flow zones with a mean hydraulic conductivity of 2,600 feet per day are present within the middle semiconfining unit, but none of the flow zones are continuous across the study area. The lower Biscayne aquifer flow unit comprises a group of flow zones in the lower part of the aquifer. These flow zones are present in the lower part of the Fort Thompson Formation and in some cases within the limestone or sandstone or both in the uppermost part of the Pinecrest Sand Member of the Tamiami Formation. The mean hydraulic conductivity of major flow zones within the lower Biscayne aquifer flow unit is 5,900 feet per day, and the mean value for minor flow zones is 2,900 feet per day. A semiconfining unit is present beneath the Biscayne aquifer. The boundary between the two hydrologic units is at the top or near the top of the Pinecrest Sand Member of the Tamiami Formation. The lower semiconfining unit has a hydraulic conductivity of less than 350 feet per day.
\nThe most productive zones of groundwater flow within the two Biscayne aquifer flow units have a characteristic pore system dominated by stratiform megaporosity related to selective dissolution of an Ophiomorpha-dominated ichnofabric. In the upper flow unit, decimeter-scale vertical solution pipes that are common in some areas of the SCWF study area contribute to high vertical permeability compared to that in areas without the pipes. Cross-hole flowmeter data collected from the SCWF test coreholes show that the distribution of vuggy porosity, matrix porosity, and permeability within the Biscayne aquifer of the SCWF is highly heterogeneous and anisotropic.
\nGroundwater withdrawals from production well fields in southeastern Florida may be inducing recharge of the Biscayne aquifer from canals near the well fields that are used for water-management functions, such as flood control and well-field pumping. The SCWF was chosen as a location within Miami-Dade County to study the potential for such recharge to the Biscayne aquifer from the C–2 (Snapper Creek) canal that roughly divides the well field in half. Geologic, hydrogeologic, and hydraulic information on the aquifer collected during construction of monitoring wells within the SCWF could be used to evaluate the groundwater flow budget at the well-field scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145138","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Miami-Dade County Water and Sewer Department","usgsCitation":"Wacker, M.A., Cunningham, K.J., and Williams, J., 2014, Geologic and hydrogeologic frameworks of the Biscayne aquifer in central Miami-Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5138, Report: viii, 66 p.; 4 Appendices; 3 Plates: 36 X 29.17 or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145138.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 66 p.; 4 Appendices; 3 Plates: 36 X 29.17 or smaller","numberOfPages":"77","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044408","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294577,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145138.jpg"},{"id":294680,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5138/plates/sir2014-5138_plate02.pdf"},{"id":294681,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5138/plates/sir2014-5138_plate03.pdf"},{"id":294677,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5138/appendix/sir2014-5138_appendix04"},{"id":294678,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5138/appendix/sir2014-5138_appendix06.pdf"},{"id":294679,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5138/plates/sir2014-5138_plate01.pdf"},{"id":294673,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5138/"},{"id":294674,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5138/pdf/sir2014-5138.pdf"},{"id":294675,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5138/appendix/sir2014-5138_appendix01.pdf"},{"id":294676,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5138/appendix/sir2014-5138_appendix02"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-Dade County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.8736,25.1374 ], [ -80.8736,25.9794 ], [ -80.1179,25.9794 ], [ -80.1179,25.1374 ], [ -80.8736,25.1374 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542d098ee4b092f17defc535","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wacker, Michael A. mwacker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wacker","given":"Michael","email":"mwacker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, Kevin J. 0000-0002-2179-8686 kcunning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-8686","contributorId":1689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kevin","email":"kcunning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, John 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70128281,"text":"70128281 - 2014 - An enhanced model of land water and energy for global hydrologic and earth-system studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-07T09:26:36","indexId":"70128281","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T09:24:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An enhanced model of land water and energy for global hydrologic and earth-system studies","docAbstract":"LM3 is a new model of terrestrial water, energy, and carbon, intended for use in global hydrologic analyses and as a component of earth-system and physical-climate models. It is designed to improve upon the performance and to extend the scope of the predecessor Land Dynamics (LaD) and LM3V models by better quantifying the physical controls of climate and biogeochemistry and by relating more directly to components of the global water system that touch human concerns. LM3 includes multilayer representations of temperature, liquid water content, and ice content of both snowpack and macroporous soil–bedrock; topography-based description of saturated area and groundwater discharge; and transport of runoff to the ocean via a global river and lake network. Sensible heat transport by water mass is accounted throughout for a complete energy balance. Carbon and vegetation dynamics and biophysics are represented as in LM3V. In numerical experiments, LM3 avoids some of the limitations of the LaD model and provides qualitatively (though not always quantitatively) reasonable estimates, from a global perspective, of observed spatial and/or temporal variations of vegetation density, albedo, streamflow, water-table depth, permafrost, and lake levels. Amplitude and phase of annual cycle of total water storage are simulated well. Realism of modeled lake levels varies widely. The water table tends to be consistently too shallow in humid regions. Biophysical properties have an artificial stepwise spatial structure, and equilibrium vegetation is sensitive to initial conditions. Explicit resolution of thick (>100 m) unsaturated zones and permafrost is possible, but only at the cost of long (≫300 yr) model spinup times.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1175/JHM-D-13-0162.1","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., Malyshev, S.L., Shevliakova, E., Dunne, K.A., Findell, K.L., Gleeson, T., Liang, Z., Phillips, P., Stouffer, R.J., and Swenson, S., 2014, An enhanced model of land water and energy for global hydrologic and earth-system studies: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 15, p. 1739-1761, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-13-0162.1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1739","endPage":"1761","numberOfPages":"23","ipdsId":"IP-054670","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-13-0162.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294977,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294973,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-13-0162.1"},{"id":294974,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/JHM-D-13-0162.1"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5435009ee4b0a4f4b46a2374","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, Paul C.D. 0000-0003-4389-3139 cmilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-3139","contributorId":2119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"Paul C.D.","email":"cmilly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malyshev, Sergey L.","contributorId":27810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malyshev","given":"Sergey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shevliakova, Elena","contributorId":9596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shevliakova","given":"Elena","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunne, Krista A. kadunne@usgs.gov","contributorId":3936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"Krista","email":"kadunne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Findell, Kirsten L.","contributorId":8404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Findell","given":"Kirsten","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gleeson, Tom","contributorId":81041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleeson","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liang, Zhi","contributorId":12397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liang","given":"Zhi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Phillips, Peter","contributorId":10740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stouffer, Ronald J.","contributorId":17172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stouffer","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Swenson, Sean","contributorId":58584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swenson","given":"Sean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70123314,"text":"sir20145171 - 2014 - Use of stable isotopes of nitrogen and water to identify sources of nitrogen in three urban creeks of Durham, North Carolina, 2011-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-02T09:46:37","indexId":"sir20145171","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T09:21:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5171","title":"Use of stable isotopes of nitrogen and water to identify sources of nitrogen in three urban creeks of Durham, North Carolina, 2011-12","docAbstract":"A preliminary assessment of nitrate sources was conducted in three creeks that feed nutrient impaired Falls and Jordan Lakes in the vicinity of Durham County, North Carolina, from July 2011 to June 2012. Cabin Branch, Ellerbe Creek, and Third Fork Creek were sampled monthly to determine if sources of nitrate in surface water could be identified on the basis of their stable isotopic compositions. Land use differs in the drainage basins of the investigated creeks—the predominant land use in Cabin Branch Basin is forest, and the Ellerbe and Third Fork Creek Basins are predominantly developed urban areas. Total nutrient concentrations were below 1 milligram per liter (mg/L). All measured nitrate plus nitrite concentrations were below the North Carolina standard of 10 mg/L as nitrogen with the highest concentration of 0.363 mg/L measured in Third Fork Creek. Concentrations of ammonia were generally less than 0.1 mg/L as nitrogen in all creek samples. More than 50 percent of the total nitrogen measured in the creeks was in the form of organic nitrogen. Total phosphorus and orthophosphate concentrations in all samples were generally less than 0.2 mg/L as phosphorus. The isotopic composition of surface water (δ2HH20 and δ18OH2O) is similar to that of modern-day precipitation. During July and August 2011 and May and June 2012, surface-water samples displayed a seasonal difference in isotopic composition, indicating fractionation of isotopes as a result of evaporation and, potentially, mixing with local and regional groundwater. The dominant source of nitrate to Cabin Branch, Ellerbe Creek, and Third Fork Creek was the nitrification of soil nitrogen. Two stormflow samples in Ellerbe Creek and Third Fork Creek had nitrate sources that were a mixture of the nitrification of soil nitrogen and an atmospheric source that had bypassed some soil contact through impermeable surfaces within the drainage basin. No influence of a septic or wastewater source was found in Cabin Branch. Results from this study suggest that it is possible to distinguish sources of nitrogen and biogeochemical processes on nitrate using stable isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen in small creeks of Durham County, North Carolina.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145171","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Durham, Public Works Department, Stormwater Services Division","usgsCitation":"McSwain, K., Young, M.B., and Giorgino, M.L., 2014, Use of stable isotopes of nitrogen and water to identify sources of nitrogen in three urban creeks of Durham, North Carolina, 2011-12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5171, vi, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145171.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050802","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294699,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145171.jpg"},{"id":294697,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5171/"},{"id":294698,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5171/pdf/sir2014-5171.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Durham County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542d0990e4b092f17defc581","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McSwain, Kristen Bukowski","contributorId":74694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSwain","given":"Kristen Bukowski","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, Megan B. 0000-0002-0229-4108 mbyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-4108","contributorId":3315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Megan","email":"mbyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giorgino, Mary L. giorgino@usgs.gov","contributorId":2242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giorgino","given":"Mary","email":"giorgino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70073860,"text":"70073860 - 2014 - Detecting thermally driven cyclic deformation of an exfoliation sheet with lidar and radar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-13T16:36:49","indexId":"70073860","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T09:19:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Detecting thermally driven cyclic deformation of an exfoliation sheet with lidar and radar","docAbstract":"Rock falls from steep, exfoliating cliffs are common in many landscapes. Of the many mechanisms known to trigger rock falls, thermally driven deformation is among the least quantified, despite potentially being a prevalent trigger due to its occurrence at all times of year. Here we present the results of a field-based monitoring program using instrumentation, ground-based lidar, and ground-based radar to investigate the process of thermally driven deformation of an exfoliation sheet, and the ability of remote sensing tools to capture cyclic expansion and contraction patterns. Our results indicate that thermally driven exfoliation occurs on diurnal cycles and can be measured at the submillimeter to centimeter scale using high-resolution strain gauges, short-range (2 km) radar interfer-ometry.
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The study area encompasses the Central African Copperbelt, the greatest sediment-hosted copper-cobalt province in the world, containing 152 million metric tons of copper in greater than 80 deposits. This study (1) delineates permissive areas (tracts) where undiscovered sediment-hosted stratabound copper deposits may occur within 2 kilometers of the surface, (2) provides a database of known sediment-hosted stratabound copper deposits and prospects, (3) estimates numbers of undiscovered deposits within these permissive tracts at several levels of confidence, and (4) provides probabilistic estimates of amounts of copper and mineralized rock that could be contained in undiscovered deposits within each tract. The assessment, conducted in January 2010 using a three-part form of mineral resource assessment, indicates that a substantial amount of undiscovered copper resources might occur in sediment-hosted stratabound copper deposits within the Roan Group in the Katanga Basin. Monte Carlo simulation results that combine grade and tonnage models with estimates of undiscovered deposits indicate that the mean estimate of undiscovered copper in the study area is 168 million metric tons, which is slightly greater than the known resources at 152 million metric tons. Furthermore, significant value can be expected from associated metals, particularly cobalt. Tracts in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) have potential to contain near-surface, undiscovered deposits. Monte Carlo simulation results indicate a mean value of 37 million metric tons of undiscovered copper may be present in significant prospects.
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Acoustic surveys have become a common survey method for bats and other vocal taxa. Previous work shows that bat echolocation may be misidentified, but common analytic methods, such as occupancy models, assume that misidentifications do not occur. Unless rare, such misidentifications could lead to incorrect inferences with significant management implications.
\n\n
2. We fit a false-positive occupancy model to data from paired bat detector and mist-net surveys to estimate probability of presence when survey data may include false positives. We compared estimated occupancy and detection rates to those obtained from a standard occupancy model. We also derived a formula to estimate the probability that bats were present at a site given its detection history. As an example, we analysed survey data for little brown bats Myotis lucifugus from 135 sites in Washington and Oregon, USA.
\n\n
3. We estimated that at an unoccupied site, acoustic surveys had a 14% chance per night of producing spurious M. lucifugus detections. Estimated detection rates were higher and occupancy rates were lower under the false-positive model, relative to a standard occupancy model. Un-modelled false positives also affected inferences about occupancy at individual sites. For example, probability of occupancy at individual sites with acoustic detections but no captures ranged from 2% to 100% under the false-positive occupancy model, but was always 100% under a standard occupancy model.
\n\n
4. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that false positives sufficient to affect inferences may be common in acoustic surveys for bats. We demonstrate an approach that can estimate occupancy, regardless of the false-positive rate, when acoustic surveys are paired with capture surveys. Applications of this approach include monitoring the spread of White-Nose Syndrome, estimating the impact of climate change and informing conservation listing decisions. We calculate a site-specific probability of occupancy, conditional on survey results, which could inform local permitting decisions, such as for wind energy projects. More generally, the magnitude of false positives suggests that false-positive occupancy models can improve accuracy in research and monitoring of bats and provide wildlife managers with more reliable information.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.12303","usgsCitation":"Clement, M.J., Rodhouse, T., Ormsbee, P., Szewczak, J.M., and Nichols, J., 2014, Accounting for false-positive acoustic detections of bats using occupancy models: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 51, no. 5, p. 1460-1467, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12303.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1460","endPage":"1467","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054795","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296031,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 48.99463598353408\n ],\n [\n -116.69677734375,\n 48.99463598353408\n ],\n [\n -116.69677734375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 42.00032514831621\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d62ae4b04d4b7dbd652b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clement, Matthew J. mclement@usgs.gov","contributorId":5278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clement","given":"Matthew","email":"mclement@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodhouse, Thomas J.","contributorId":127378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodhouse","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ormsbee, Patricia C.","contributorId":127379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ormsbee","given":"Patricia C.","affiliations":[{"id":6925,"text":"US Forest Service, retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Szewczak, Joseph M.","contributorId":30127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Szewczak","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6958,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70133364,"text":"70133364 - 2014 - Adaptive restoration of river terrace vegetation through iterative experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-18T09:56:47","indexId":"70133364","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptive restoration of river terrace vegetation through iterative experiments","docAbstract":"Restoration projects can involve a high degree of uncertainty and risk, which can ultimately result in failure. An adaptive restoration approach can reduce uncertainty through controlled, replicated experiments designed to test specific hypotheses and alternative management approaches. Key components of adaptive restoration include willingness of project managers to accept the risk inherent in experimentation, interest of researchers, availability of funding for experimentation and monitoring, and ability to restore sites as iterative experiments where results from early efforts can inform the design of later phases. This paper highlights an ongoing adaptive restoration project at Zion National Park (ZNP), aimed at reducing the cover of exotic annual Bromus on riparian terraces, and revegetating these areas with native plant species. Rather than using a trial-and-error approach, ZNP staff partnered with academic, government, and private-sector collaborators to conduct small-scale experiments to explicitly address uncertainties concerning biomass removal of annual bromes, herbicide application rates and timing, and effective seeding methods for native species. Adaptive restoration has succeeded at ZNP because managers accept the risk inherent in experimentation and ZNP personnel are committed to continue these projects over a several-year period. Techniques that result in exotic annual Bromus removal and restoration of native plant species at ZNP can be used as a starting point for adaptive restoration projects elsewhere in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","doi":"10.3375/043.034.0410","usgsCitation":"Dela Cruz, M.P., Beauchamp, V., Shafroth, P.B., Decker, C.E., and O’Neil, A., 2014, Adaptive restoration of river terrace vegetation through iterative experiments: Natural Areas Journal, v. 34, no. 4, p. 475-487, https://doi.org/10.3375/043.034.0410.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"487","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051065","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472729,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3375/043.034.0410","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296039,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Zion National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.7032470703125,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -112.7032470703125,\n 38.08701320402273\n ],\n [\n -111.67053222656249,\n 38.08701320402273\n ],\n [\n -111.67053222656249,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -112.7032470703125,\n 37.125286284966805\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d62be4b04d4b7dbd6533","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dela Cruz, Michelle P.","contributorId":127402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dela Cruz","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6942,"text":"1BIA Southwest Regional Office, 1001 Indian School Road NW, Albuquerque, NM 87104","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beauchamp, Vanessa B.","contributorId":76544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"Vanessa B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Decker, Cheryl E.","contributorId":86051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Decker","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6959,"text":"National Park Service Southeast Utah Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Neil, Aviva","contributorId":127403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Neil","given":"Aviva","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6943,"text":"Zion National Park, State Route 9, Springdale, UT 84767","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70137269,"text":"70137269 - 2014 - Subsurface geometry of the San Andreas-Calaveras fault junction: Influence of serpentinite and the Coast Range Ophiolite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T16:32:03.713914","indexId":"70137269","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface geometry of the San Andreas-Calaveras fault junction: Influence of serpentinite and the Coast Range Ophiolite","docAbstract":"While an enormous amount of research has been focused on trying to understand the geologic history and neotectonics of the San Andreas-Calaveras fault (SAF-CF) junction, fundamental questions concerning fault geometry and mechanisms for slip transfer through the junction remain. We use potential-field, geologic, geodetic, and seismicity data to investigate the 3-D geologic framework of the SAF-CF junction and identify potential slip-transferring structures within the junction. Geophysical evidence suggests that the San Andreas and Calaveras fault zones dip away from each other within the northern portion of the junction, bounding a triangular-shaped wedge of crust in cross section. This wedge changes shape to the south as fault geometries change and fault activity shifts between fault strands, particularly along the Calaveras fault zone (CFZ). Potential-field modeling and relocated seismicity suggest that the Paicines and San Benito strands of the CFZ dip 65° to 70° NE and form the southwest boundary of a folded 1 to 3 km thick tabular body of Coast Range Ophiolite (CRO) within the Vallecitos syncline. We identify and characterize two steeply dipping, seismically active cross structures within the junction that are associated with serpentinite in the subsurface. The architecture of the SAF-CF junction presented in this study may help explain fault-normal motions currently observed in geodetic data and help constrain the seismic hazard. The abundance of serpentinite and related CRO in the subsurface is a significant discovery that not only helps constrain the geometry of structures but may also help explain fault behavior and the tectonic evolution of the SAF-CF junction.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014TC003561","usgsCitation":"Watt, J.T., Ponce, D.A., Graymer, R.W., Jachens, R.C., and Simpson, R.W., 2014, Subsurface geometry of the San Andreas-Calaveras fault junction: Influence of serpentinite and the Coast Range Ophiolite: Tectonics, v. 33, no. 10, p. 2025-2044, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014TC003561.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2025","endPage":"2044","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058037","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014tc003561","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas-Calaveras fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 36.4433803110554\n ],\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 37.46613860234406\n ],\n [\n -120.7781982421875,\n 37.46613860234406\n ],\n [\n -120.7781982421875,\n 36.4433803110554\n ],\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 36.4433803110554\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c64e4b08de9379b3789","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2014tc003561","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014tc003561","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Watt Janet T., Ponce David A., Graymer Russell W., Jachens Robert C., Simpson Robert W.","journalName":"Tectonics","publicationDate":"10/2014","auditedOn":"3/17/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watt, Janet Tilden 0000-0002-4759-3814 jwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":1754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"jwatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tilden","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graymer, Russell W. 0000-0003-4910-5682 rgraymer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4910-5682","contributorId":1052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"Russell","email":"rgraymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Simpson, Robert W. simpson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Robert","email":"simpson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70135659,"text":"70135659 - 2014 - Spring migration of waterfowl in the Northern Hemisphere: a management and conservation perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-16T12:55:38","indexId":"70135659","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring migration of waterfowl in the Northern Hemisphere: a management and conservation perspective","docAbstract":"Spring migration is a key part of the annual cycle for waterfowl populations in the northern hemisphere, due to its temporal proximity to the breeding season and because resources may be limited at one or more staging sites. Research based on field observations during spring lags behind other periods of the year, despite the potential for fitness consequences through diminished survival or cross-seasonal effects of conditions experienced during migration. Consequently, conservation strategies for waterfowl on spring migration are often only refined versions of practices used during autumn and winter. Here we discuss the current state of knowledge of habitat requirements for waterfowl at their spring migratory sites and the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that lead to variability in those requirements. The provision of plant foods has become the main conservation strategy during spring because of the birds’ energy requirements at this time, not only to fuel migration but to facilitate early clutch formation on arrival at the breeding grounds. Although energy sources are important to migrants, there is little evidence on the extent to which the availability of carbohydrate-based food is limiting for many migratory waterfowl populations. Such limitation is relatively unlikely among populations that exploit agricultural grain during migration (e.g. arctic-nesting geese), suggesting that conservation strategies for these populations may be misplaced. In general, however, we found few cases in which an ecological understanding of spring-migrating waterfowl was sufficient to indicate true resource limitation during migration, and still fewer cases where conservation efforts ameliorated these limitations. We propose a framework that aims to address knowledge gaps and apply empirical research results to conservation strategies based on documented limitations and associated fitness impacts on migrating waterfowl. Such a strategy would improve allocation of scarce conservation resources during spring migration and greatly improve ecological understanding of migratory waterfowl and their habitats in the northern hemisphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl Trust","usgsCitation":"Stafford, J.D., Janke, A.K., Anteau, M.J., Pearse, A.T., Fox, A.D., Elmberg, J., Straub, J.N., Eichholz, M., and Arzel, C., 2014, Spring migration of waterfowl in the Northern Hemisphere: a management and conservation perspective: Wildfowl, v. 2014, no. 4, p. 70-85.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057341","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296687,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/2603"}],"volume":"2014","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"549165d6e4b0d0759afaad9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stafford, Joshua D. jstafford@usgs.gov","contributorId":4267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"Joshua","email":"jstafford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janke, Adam K. 0000-0003-2781-7857","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2781-7857","contributorId":130959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janke","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7176,"text":"Dept of Natl Res Mgmt, SDSU, Brookings, SD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anteau, Michael J. 0000-0002-5173-5870 manteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-5870","contributorId":3427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"Michael","email":"manteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pearse, Aaron T. 0000-0002-6137-1556 apearse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-1556","contributorId":1772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Aaron","email":"apearse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fox, Anthony D.","contributorId":130960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7177,"text":"Dept of Bioscience, Aahus Univ, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Elmberg, Johan","contributorId":130961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elmberg","given":"Johan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7178,"text":"Aquatic Biol and Chem, Kristianstad univ, Sweeden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Straub, Jacob N.","contributorId":130962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Straub","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":7179,"text":"Ctr for Earth & Envir Sc, St Univ of NY-Plattsburgh, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Eichholz, Michael W.","contributorId":130963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eichholz","given":"Michael W.","affiliations":[{"id":7180,"text":"Coop Wildlife Res Lab, Ctr for Ecology, S IL Univ Carbondale, IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Arzel, Celine","contributorId":130964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arzel","given":"Celine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7181,"text":"Section of Ecology, Ept of Biol, Univ of Turku, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70133616,"text":"70133616 - 2014 - Variable population exposure and distributed travel speeds in least-cost tsunami evacuation modelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-18T13:08:15","indexId":"70133616","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2824,"text":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variable population exposure and distributed travel speeds in least-cost tsunami evacuation modelling","docAbstract":"Evacuation of the population from a tsunami hazard zone is vital to reduce life-loss due to inundation. Geospatial least-cost distance modelling provides one approach to assessing tsunami evacuation potential. Previous models have generally used two static exposure scenarios and fixed travel speeds to represent population movement. Some analyses have assumed immediate departure or a common evacuation departure time for all exposed population. Here, a method is proposed to incorporate time-variable exposure, distributed travel speeds, and uncertain evacuation departure time into an existing anisotropic least-cost path distance framework. The method is demonstrated for hypothetical local-source tsunami evacuation in Napier City, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. There is significant diurnal variation in pedestrian evacuation potential at the suburb level, although the total number of people unable to evacuate is stable across all scenarios. Whilst some fixed travel speeds approximate a distributed speed approach, others may overestimate evacuation potential. The impact of evacuation departure time is a significant contributor to total evacuation time. This method improves least-cost modelling of evacuation dynamics for evacuation planning, casualty modelling, and development of emergency response training scenarios. However, it requires detailed exposure data, which may preclude its use in many situations.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/nhess-14-2975-2014","usgsCitation":"Fraser, S.A., Wood, N.J., Johnston, D.A., Leonard, G.S., Greening, P.D., and Rossetto, T., 2014, Variable population exposure and distributed travel speeds in least-cost tsunami evacuation modelling: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 14, p. 2975-2991, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2975-2014.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2975","endPage":"2991","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056507","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2975-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546c763ee4b0f4a3478a61e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fraser, Stuart A.","contributorId":127468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fraser","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6956,"text":"GNS Science/Massey University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Nathan J. 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, David A.","contributorId":64637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnston","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6956,"text":"GNS Science/Massey University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leonard, Graham S.","contributorId":127469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leonard","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5111,"text":"GNS Science, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Greening, Paul D.","contributorId":127470,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greening","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6957,"text":"University College London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rossetto, Tiziana","contributorId":127471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rossetto","given":"Tiziana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6957,"text":"University College London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70174968,"text":"70174968 - 2014 - Macroevolutionary consequences of profound climate change on niche evolution in marine molluscs over the past three million years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-25T13:35:32","indexId":"70174968","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3174,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Macroevolutionary consequences of profound climate change on niche evolution in marine molluscs over the past three million years","docAbstract":"In order to predict the fate of biodiversity in a rapidly changing world, we must first understand how species adapt to new environmental conditions. The long-term evolutionary dynamics of species' physiological tolerances to differing climatic regimes remain obscure. Here, we unite palaeontological and neontological data to analyse whether species' environmental tolerances remain stable across 3 Myr of profound climatic changes using 10 phylogenetically, ecologically and developmentally diverse mollusc species from the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, USA. We additionally investigate whether these species' upper and lower thermal tolerances are constrained across this interval. We find that these species' environmental preferences are stable across the duration of their lifetimes, even when faced with significant environmental perturbations. The results suggest that species will respond to current and future warming either by altering distributions to track suitable habitat or, if the pace of change is too rapid, by going extinct. Our findings also support methods that project species' present-day environmental requirements to future climatic landscapes to assess conservation risks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2014.1995","usgsCitation":"Saupe, E., Hendricks, J., Portell, R., Dowsett, H.J., Haywood, A.M., Hunter, S., and Lieberman, B., 2014, Macroevolutionary consequences of profound climate change on niche evolution in marine molluscs over the past three million years: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 281, no. 1795, Article 20141995; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1995.","productDescription":"Article 20141995; 9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059135","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1995","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"281","issue":"1795","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57973830e4b021cadec8ff41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saupe, E.E.","contributorId":173155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saupe","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6773,"text":"University of Kansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendricks, J.R.","contributorId":173156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hendricks","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24620,"text":"San Jose State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Portell, R.W.","contributorId":37990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Portell","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haywood, A. M.","contributorId":147374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haywood","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13344,"text":"University of Leeds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hunter, S.J.","contributorId":27704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lieberman, B.S.","contributorId":173157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lieberman","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6773,"text":"University of Kansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70191656,"text":"70191656 - 2014 - Prolonged instability prior to a regime shift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-18T11:15:47","indexId":"70191656","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prolonged instability prior to a regime shift","docAbstract":"Regime shifts are generally defined as the point of ‘abrupt’ change in the state of a system. However, a seemingly abrupt transition can be the product of a system reorganization that has been ongoing much longer than is evident in statistical analysis of a single component of the system. Using both univariate and multivariate statistical methods, we tested a long-term high-resolution paleoecological dataset with a known change in species assemblage for a regime shift. Analysis of this dataset with Fisher Information and multivariate time series modeling showed that there was a∼2000 year period of instability prior to the regime shift. This period of instability and the subsequent regime shift coincide with regional climate change, indicating that the system is undergoing extrinsic forcing. Paleoecological records offer a unique opportunity to test tools for the detection of thresholds and stable-states, and thus to examine the long-term stability of ecosystems over periods of multiple millennia.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0108936","usgsCitation":"Spanbauer, T., Allen, C.R., Angeler, D., Eason, T., Fritz, S.C., Garmestani, A.S., Nash, K.L., and Stone, J., 2014, Prolonged instability prior to a regime shift: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 10, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108936.","productDescription":" e108936; 7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","ipdsId":"IP-056958","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108936","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":346841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e8683ee4b05fe04cd4d255","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spanbauer, Trisha","contributorId":146435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spanbauer","given":"Trisha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16610,"text":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":713313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angeler, David G.","contributorId":25027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angeler","given":"David G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eason, Tarsha","contributorId":82220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eason","given":"Tarsha","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fritz, Sherilyn C.","contributorId":30155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritz","given":"Sherilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garmestani, Ahjond S.","contributorId":77285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garmestani","given":"Ahjond","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nash, Kirsty L.","contributorId":40897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"Kirsty","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stone, Jeffery R.","contributorId":95501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Jeffery R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70154893,"text":"70154893 - 2014 - Spatial structuring within a reservoir fish population: implications for management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-15T11:52:50","indexId":"70154893","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2681,"text":"Marine and Freshwater Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial structuring within a reservoir fish population: implications for management","docAbstract":"Spatial structuring in reservoir fish populations can exist because of environmental gradients, species-specific behaviour, or even localised fishing effort. The present study investigated whether white crappie exhibited evidence of improved population structure where the northern more productive half of a lake is closed to fishing to provide waterfowl hunting opportunities. Population response to angling was modelled for each substock of white crappie (north (protected) and south (unprotected) areas), the entire lake (single-stock model) and by combining simulations of the two independent substock models (additive model). White crappie in the protected area were more abundant, consisting of larger, older individuals, and exhibited a lower total annual mortality rate than in the unprotected area. Population modelling found that fishing mortality rates between 0.1 and 0.3 resulted in sustainable populations (spawning potential ratios (SPR) >0.30). The population in the unprotected area appeared to be more resilient (SPR > 0.30) at the higher fishing intensities (0.35–0.55). Considered additively, the whole-lake fishery appeared more resilient than when modelled as a single-panmictic stock. These results provided evidence of spatial structuring in reservoir fish populations, and we recommend model assessments used to guide management decisions should consider those spatial differences in other populations where they exist.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","doi":"10.1071/MF14085","usgsCitation":"Stewart, D., Long, J.M., and Shoup, D.E., 2014, Spatial structuring within a reservoir fish population: implications for management: Marine and Freshwater Research, v. 66, no. 3, p. 202-212, https://doi.org/10.1071/MF14085.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"202","endPage":"212","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054699","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305759,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55a78439e4b0183d66e45e98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, David R.","contributorId":141323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shoup, Daniel E.","contributorId":141325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shoup","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148047,"text":"70148047 - 2014 - Where the waters meet: sharing ideas and experiences between inland and marine realms to promote sustainable fisheries management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-24T14:21:11","indexId":"70148047","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Where the waters meet: sharing ideas and experiences between inland and marine realms to promote sustainable fisheries management","docAbstract":"Although inland and marine environments, their fisheries, fishery managers, and the realm-specific management approaches are often different, there are a surprising number of similarities that frequently go unrecognized. We contend that there is much to be gained by greater cross-fertilization and exchange of ideas and strategies between realms and the people who manage them. The purpose of this paper is to provide examples of the potential or demonstrated benefits of working across aquatic boundaries for enhanced sustainable management of the world’s fisheries resources. Examples include the need to (1) engage in habitat management and protection as the foundation for fisheries, (2) rethink institutional arrangements and management for open-access fisheries systems, (3) establish “reference points” and harvest control rules, (4) engage in integrated management approaches, (5) reap conservation benefits from the link to fish as food, and (6) reframe conservation and management of fish to better engage the public and industry. Cross-fertilization and knowledge transfer between realms could be realized using environment-independent curricula and symposia, joint scientific advisory councils for management, integrated development projects, and cross-realm policy dialogue. Given the interdependence of marine and inland fisheries, promoting discussion between the realms has the potential to promote meaningful advances in managing global fisheries.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2014-0176","usgsCitation":"Cooke, S., Arlinghaus, R., Bartley, D.M., Beard, T., Cowx, I.G., Essington, T.E., Jensen, O.P., Lynch, A.J., Taylor, W., and Watson, R., 2014, Where the waters meet: sharing ideas and experiences between inland and marine realms to promote sustainable fisheries management: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 71, no. 10, p. 1593-1601, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0176.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1593","endPage":"1601","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057113","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Where_the_waters_meet_sharing_ideas_and_experiences_between_inland_and_marine_realms_to_promote_sustainable_fisheries_management/22914563","text":"External Repository"},{"id":300421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555718c5e4b0a92fa7e9d04b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooke, Steven J.","contributorId":56132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[{"id":36574,"text":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arlinghaus, Robert","contributorId":32425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arlinghaus","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17980,"text":"Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartley, Devin M.","contributorId":15913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartley","given":"Devin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beard, T. 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We propose that the model and the underlying discontinuity hypothesis are relevant to other complex adaptive systems, and can be used to identify and track changes in system parameters related to resilience. We explain the theory behind the cross-scale resilience model, review the cases where it has been applied to non-ecological systems, and discuss some examples of social-ecological, archaeological/ anthropological, and economic systems where a cross-scale resilience analysis could add a quantitative dimension to our current understanding of system dynamics and resilience. We argue that the scaling and diversity parameters suitable for a resilience analysis of ecological systems are appropriate for a broad suite of systems where non-normative quantitative assessments of resilience are desired. Our planet is currently characterized by fast environmental and social change, and the cross-scale resilience model has the potential to quantify resilience across many types of complex adaptive systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/su6106925","usgsCitation":"Sundstrom, S.M., Angeler, D., Garmestani, A.S., Garcia, J.H., and Allen, C.R., 2014, Transdisciplinary application of the cross-scale resilience model: Sustainability, v. 6, no. 10, p. 6925-6948, https://doi.org/10.3390/su6106925.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"6925","endPage":"6948","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059658","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su6106925","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":317953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bdbed1e4b06458514aeeef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sundstrom, Shana M.","contributorId":7159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundstrom","given":"Shana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angeler, David G.","contributorId":25027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angeler","given":"David G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garmestani, Ahjond S.","contributorId":77285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garmestani","given":"Ahjond","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garcia, Jorge H.","contributorId":91714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Jorge","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189179,"text":"70189179 - 2014 - A computer program for uncertainty analysis integrating regression and Bayesian methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T16:01:30","indexId":"70189179","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A computer program for uncertainty analysis integrating regression and Bayesian methods","docAbstract":"This work develops a new functionality in UCODE_2014 to evaluate Bayesian credible intervals using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. The MCMC capability in UCODE_2014 is based on the FORTRAN version of the differential evolution adaptive Metropolis (DREAM) algorithm of Vrugt et al. (2009), which estimates the posterior probability density function of model parameters in high-dimensional and multimodal sampling problems. The UCODE MCMC capability provides eleven prior probability distributions and three ways to initialize the sampling process. It evaluates parametric and predictive uncertainties and it has parallel computing capability based on multiple chains to accelerate the sampling process. This paper tests and demonstrates the MCMC capability using a 10-dimensional multimodal mathematical function, a 100-dimensional Gaussian function, and a groundwater reactive transport model. The use of the MCMC capability is made straightforward and flexible by adopting the JUPITER API protocol. With the new MCMC capability, UCODE_2014 can be used to calculate three types of uncertainty intervals, which all can account for prior information: (1) linear confidence intervals which require linearity and Gaussian error assumptions and typically 10s–100s of highly parallelizable model runs after optimization, (2) nonlinear confidence intervals which require a smooth objective function surface and Gaussian observation error assumptions and typically 100s–1,000s of partially parallelizable model runs after optimization, and (3) MCMC Bayesian credible intervals which require few assumptions and commonly 10,000s–100,000s or more partially parallelizable model runs. Ready access allows users to select methods best suited to their work, and to compare methods in many circumstances.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.06.002","usgsCitation":"Lu, D., Ye, M., Hill, M.C., Poeter, E.P., and Curtis, G., 2014, A computer program for uncertainty analysis integrating regression and Bayesian methods: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 60, p. 45-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.06.002.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"56","ipdsId":"IP-057730","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343433,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c42e4b0d1f9f057e35e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Dan","contributorId":194172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ye, Ming","contributorId":70276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ye","given":"Ming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poeter, Eileen P.","contributorId":78805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"Eileen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Curtis, Gary gpcurtis@usgs.gov","contributorId":194175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Gary","email":"gpcurtis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":703379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70142181,"text":"70142181 - 2014 - Depth gradients in food-web processes linking habitats in large lakes: Lake Superior as an exemplar ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-03T11:00:00","indexId":"70142181","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depth gradients in food-web processes linking habitats in large lakes: Lake Superior as an exemplar ecosystem","docAbstract":"The fitness of female Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) with respect to breeding behavior can be partitioned into at least four fitness components: survival to reproduction, competition for breeding sites, success of egg incubation, and suitability of the local environment near breeding sites for early rearing of juveniles. We evaluated the relative influences of habitat features linked to these fitness components with respect to selection of breeding sites by coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). We also evaluated associations between breeding site selection and additions of large wood, as the latter were introduced into the study system as a means of restoring habitat conditions to benefit coho salmon. We used a model selection approach to organize specific habitat features into groupings reflecting fitness components and influences of large wood. Results of this work suggest that female coho salmon likely select breeding sites based on a wide range of habitat features linked to all four hypothesized fitness components. More specifically, model parameter estimates indicated that breeding site selection was most strongly influenced by proximity to pool-tail crests and deeper water (mean and maximum depths). Linkages between large wood and breeding site selection were less clear. Overall, our findings suggest that breeding site selection by coho salmon is influenced by a suite of fitness components in addition to the egg incubation environment, which has been the emphasis of much work in the past.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2014-0020","usgsCitation":"Clark, S.M., Dunham, J., McEnroe, J.R., and Lightcap, S.W., 2014, Breeding site selection by coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in relation to large wood additions and factors that influence reproductive success: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 71, no. 10, p. 1498-1507, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0020.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1498","endPage":"1507","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057024","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Douglas County","otherGeospatial":"Little Wolf Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.904052734375,\n 43.09697190802465\n ],\n [\n -122.904052734375,\n 44.000717834282774\n ],\n [\n -121.431884765625,\n 44.000717834282774\n ],\n [\n -121.431884765625,\n 43.09697190802465\n ],\n [\n -122.904052734375,\n 43.09697190802465\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551bc529e4b0323842783a3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Steven M.","contributorId":7989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B. 0000-0002-6268-0633 jdunham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":1808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McEnroe, Jeffery R.","contributorId":139990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEnroe","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lightcap, Scott W.","contributorId":139991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lightcap","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174027,"text":"70174027 - 2014 - Supplemental feeding alters migration of a temperate ungulate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:01:08","indexId":"70174027","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Supplemental feeding alters migration of a temperate ungulate","docAbstract":"Conservation of migration requires information on behavior and environmental determinants. The spatial distribution of forage resources, which migration exploits, often are altered and may have subtle, unintended consequences. Supplemental feeding is a common management practice, particularly for ungulates in North America and Europe, and carryover effects on behavior of this anthropogenic manipulation of forage are expected in theory, but have received limited empirical evaluation, particularly regarding effects on migration. We used global positioning system (GPS) data to evaluate the influence of winter feeding on migration behavior of 219 adult female elk (Cervus elaphus) from 18 fed ranges and 4 unfed ranges in western Wyoming. Principal component analysis revealed that the migratory behavior of fed and unfed elk differed in distance migrated, and the timing of arrival to, duration on, and departure from summer range. Fed elk migrated 19.2 km less, spent 11 more days on stopover sites, arrived to summer range 5 days later, resided on summer range 26 fewer days, and departed in the autumn 10 days earlier than unfed elk. Time-to-event models indicated that differences in migratory behavior between fed and unfed elk were caused by altered sensitivity to the environmental drivers of migration. In spring, unfed elk migrated following plant green-up closely, whereas fed elk departed the feedground but lingered on transitional range, thereby delaying their arrival to summer range. In autumn, fed elk were more responsive to low temperatures and precipitation events, causing earlier departure from summer range than unfed elk. Overall, supplemental feeding disconnected migration by fed elk from spring green-up and decreased time spent on summer range, thereby reducing access to quality forage. Our findings suggest that ungulate migration can be substantially altered by changes to the spatial distribution of resources, including those of anthropogenic origin, and that management practices applied in one season may have unintended behavioral consequences in subsequent seasons.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecology Society of America","doi":"10.1890/13-2092.1","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.D., Kauffman, M., Monteith, K.L., Scurlock, B.M., Albeke, S.E., and Cross, P.C., 2014, Supplemental feeding alters migration of a temperate ungulate: Ecological Applications, v. 24, no. 7, p. 1769-1779, https://doi.org/10.1890/13-2092.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1769","endPage":"1779","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051734","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324298,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/13-2092.1/abstract"},{"id":324334,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.830078125,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -110.830078125,\n 44.276671273775186\n ],\n [\n -107.22656249999999,\n 44.276671273775186\n ],\n [\n -107.22656249999999,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -110.830078125,\n 41.705728515237524\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576d0836e4b07657d1a37586","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Jennifer D.","contributorId":145754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16227,"text":"Institute on Ecosystems,Montana State University MT, 59715 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kauffman, Matthew mkauffman@usgs.gov","contributorId":171443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Matthew","email":"mkauffman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":640572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monteith, Kevin L.","contributorId":83400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monteith","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scurlock, Brandon M.","contributorId":93788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scurlock","given":"Brandon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6917,"text":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Laramie, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Albeke, Shannon E.","contributorId":81781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albeke","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70150430,"text":"70150430 - 2014 - Spatial patterns of lacustrine fish assemblages in a catchment of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-12T14:35:48","indexId":"70150430","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":862,"text":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial patterns of lacustrine fish assemblages in a catchment of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","docAbstract":"Gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity, condition factor and seawater (SW) challenges were used to assess the development of smolt characteristics in a cohort of hatchery coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii from the Cowlitz River in Washington State, U.S.A. Gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity increased slightly in the spring, coinciding with an increase in hypo-osmoregulatory ability. These changes were of lesser magnitude than are observed in other salmonine species. Even at the peak of tolerance, these fish exhibited notable osmotic perturbations in full strength SW. Condition factor in these hatchery fish declined steadily through the spring. Wild captured migrants from four tributaries of the Columbia River had moderately elevated gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity, consistent with smolt development and with greater enzyme activity than autumn captured juveniles from one of the tributaries, Abernathy Creek. Migrant fish also had reduced condition factor. General linear models of 7 years of data from Abernathy Creek suggest that yearly variation, advancing photoperiod (as ordinal date) and fish size (fork length) were significant factors for predicting gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity in these wild fish. Both yearly variation and temperature were significant factors for predicting condition factor. These results suggest that coastal O. c. clarkii exhibit weakly developed characteristics of smolting. These changes are influenced by environmental conditions with great individual variation. The data suggest great physiological plasticity consistent with the variable life-history tactics observed in this species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jfb.12480","usgsCitation":"Zydlewski, J.D., Zydlewski, G., Kennedy, B., and Gale, W., 2014, Smolting in coastal cutthroat trout Onchorhynchus clarkii clarkii: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 85, no. 4, p. 1111-1130, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12480.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1111","endPage":"1130","ipdsId":"IP-052400","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5908492ee4b0fc4e448ffd70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zydlewski, G.","contributorId":69452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, B.","contributorId":191614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kennedy","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gale, W.","contributorId":191615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gale","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}