This report describes the results of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, done in cooperation with the Somerset Conservation District, to locate and sample abandoned coal-mine discharges in the Stonycreek River Basin, to prioritize the mine discharges for remediation, and to determine the effects of the mine discharges on water quality of the Stonycreek River and its major tributaries. From October 1991 through November 1994, 270 abandoned coal-mine discharges were located and sampled. Discharges from 193 mines exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency effluent standards for pH, discharges from 122 mines exceeded effluent standards for total-iron concentration, and discharges from 141 mines exceeded effluent standards for total-manganese concentration. Discharges from 94 mines exceeded effluent standards for all three constituents. Only 40 mine discharges met effluent standards for pH and concentrations of total iron and total manganese.
A prioritization index (PI) was developed to rank the mine discharges with respect to their loading capacity on the receiving stream. The PI lists the most severe mine discharges in a descending order for the Stonycreek River Basin and for subbasins that include the Shade Creek, Paint Creek, Wells Creek, Quemahoning Creek, Oven Run, and Pokeytown Run Basins.
Passive-treatment systems that include aerobic wetlands, compost wetlands, and anoxic limestone drains (ALD's) are planned to remediate the abandoned mine discharges. The successive alkalinity-producing-system treatment combines ALD technology with the sulfate reduction mechanism of the compost wetland to effectively remediate mine discharge. The water quality and flow of each mine discharge will determine which treatment system or combination of treatment systems would be necessary for remediation.
A network of 37 surface-water sampling sites was established to determine stream-water quality during base flow. A series of illustrations show how water quality in the mainstem deteriorates downstream because of inflows from tributaries affected by acidic mine discharges. From the upstream mainstem site (site 801) to the outflow mainstem site (site 805), pH decreased from 6.8 to 4.2, alkalinity was completely depleted by inflow acidities, and total-iron discharges increased from 30 to 684 pounds per day. Total-manganese and total-sulfate discharges increased because neither constituent precipitates readily. Also, discharges of manganese and sulfate entering the mainstem from tributary streams have a cumulative effect.
Oven Run and Pokeytown Run are two small tributary streams significantly affected by acidic mine drainage (AMD) that flow into the Stonycreek River near the town of Hooversville. The Pokeytown Run inflow is about 0.5 mile downstream from the Oven Run inflow. These two streams are the first major source of AMD flowing into the Stonycreek River. Data collected on the Stonycreek River above the Oven Run inflow and below the Pokeytown Run inflow show a decrease in pH from 7.6 to 5.1, a decrease in alkalinity concentration from 42 to 2 milligrams per liter, an increase in total sulfate discharge from 18 to 41 tons per day, and an increase in total iron discharge from 29 to 1,770 pounds per day. Data collected at three mainstem sites on the Stonycreek River below Oven Run and Pokeytown Run show a progressive deterioration in river water quality from AMD.
Shade Creek and Paint Creek are other tributary streams to the Stonycreek River that have a significant negative effect on water quality of the Stonycreek River. One third of the abandoned-mine discharges sampled were in the Shade Creek and Paint Creek Basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964133","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Somerset Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Williams, D.R., Sams, J.I., and Mulkerrin, M.E., 1996, Effects of coal-mine discharges on the quality of the Stonycreek River and its tributaries, Somerset and Cambria counties, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4133, vi, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964133.","productDescription":"vi, 96 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4133/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":54193,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4133/wri19964133.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.52 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 1996-4133"}],"country":"United 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U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
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Fish community composition was determined at 33 reaches (average length 150 meters) at 22 sites in the Red River of the North Basin during 1994. Sites were selected to represent a range of stream sizes and ecoregions within the basin. Physical and chemical characteristics (classified in data sets of instream habitat, terrestrial habitat, hydrology, and water quality) were determined for various sites for periods ranging from two to 48 years. Instream habitat measurements were made from 1993 through 1995 for 31 reaches at 19 sites. Terrestrial habitat measures of land use/land cover, soils, and riparian zones were determined from a geographical information system coverage for 23 reaches at 14 sites. The geographical information system coverage used data from aerial photographs taken from 1990 and 1991, National Wetlands Inventory data, soils maps from the Natural Resource Conservation Service, and data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture soils data base. Water chemistry data were collected from 14 sites in the basin from 1993 through 1994. Hydrologic variability was determined from U.S. Geological Survey gaging records. Correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal components analysis were used to determine representative variables which accounted for the most variation in each data set. The representative variables and the fish community data were analyzed with canonical correspondence analysis to determine the relative effect of each source of environmental influence on fish community composition. Instream habitat, terrestrial habitat, and hydrologic variability were analyzed together. Water chemistry data were analyzed separately due to a lack of corresponding sites.
\nWithin the instream habitat data set, measures of habitat volume (channel width and depth) and habitat diversity were most significant in explaining the variability of the fish communities. The amount of nonagricultural land and riparian zone integrity from the terrestrial habitat data set were also useful in explaining fish community composition. Variability of mean monthly discharge and the frequency of high and low discharge events during the three years prior to fish sampling were the most influential of the hydrologic variables.The first two axes of the canonical correspondence analysis accounted for 43.3 percent of the variation in the fish community and 52.5 percent of the variation in the environmental-species relation. Water-quality indicators such as the percent of fine material in suspended sediment, minimum dissolved oxygen concentrations, minimum concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, and the range of concentrations of major ions and nutrients were the variables that were most important in the canonical correspondence analysis of water-quality data with fish. No single environmental variable or data set appeared to be more important than another in explaining variation in the fish community. The environmental factors affecting the fish communities of the Red River of the North are interrelated. For the most part, instream environmental conditions (instream habitat, hydrology, and water chemistry) appear to be more important in explaining variability in fish community composition than factors related to the agricultural nature of the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri964227","usgsCitation":"Goldstein, R.M., Stauffer, J.C., Larson, P., and Lorenz, D., 1996, Relation of physical and chemical characteristics of streams to fish communities in the Red River of the North basin, Minnesota and North Dakota, 1993-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4227, viii, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964227.","productDescription":"viii, 57 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54513,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4227/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4227/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Red River of the North Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.4052734375, 49.001843917978526 ], [ -99.99755859375, 48.99463598353408 ], [ -99.964599609375, 48.915279853443806 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.88639177703194 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.719961222646276 ], [ -99.86572265625, 48.61112192003074 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.46563710044979 ], [ -99.68994140625, 48.356249029540706 ], [ -99.6240234375, 48.22467264956519 ], [ -99.700927734375, 48.122101028190805 ], [ -99.82177734375, 48.004625021133904 ], [ -99.99755859375, 47.98256841921402 ], [ -100.338134765625, 47.98256841921402 ], [ -100.294189453125, 47.879512933970496 ], [ -100.21728515624999, 47.82053186746053 ], [ -100.294189453125, 47.7097615426664 ], [ -100.4150390625, 47.62097541515849 ], [ -100.51391601562499, 47.53203824675999 ], [ -100.250244140625, 47.42065432071321 ], [ -100.01953125, 47.35371061951363 ], [ -99.84374999999999, 47.4355191531953 ], [ -99.766845703125, 47.60616304386874 ], [ -99.6240234375, 47.71715357016648 ], [ -99.393310546875, 47.73193447949174 ], [ -99.140625, 47.746711194756 ], [ -98.76708984374999, 47.68757916850813 ], [ -98.602294921875, 47.62097541515849 ], [ -98.4814453125, 47.47266286861342 ], [ -98.536376953125, 47.30903424774781 ], [ -98.58032226562499, 47.15236927446393 ], [ -98.45947265625, 46.965259400349275 ], [ -98.32763671875, 46.7549166192819 ], [ -98.118896484375, 46.626806395355175 ], [ -98.052978515625, 46.55886030311719 ], [ -98.19580078125, 46.430285240839964 ], [ -98.15185546874999, 46.255846818480336 ], [ -98.052978515625, 46.05036097561633 ], [ -97.943115234375, 45.91294412737392 ], [ -97.701416015625, 45.85176048817254 ], [ -97.31689453125, 45.836454050187726 ], [ -97.152099609375, 45.897654534346884 ], [ -96.96533203125, 45.897654534346884 ], [ -96.88842773437499, 45.78284835197676 ], [ -96.767578125, 45.71385093029221 ], [ -96.45996093749999, 45.67548217560647 ], [ -96.43798828125, 45.61403741135093 ], [ -96.40502929687499, 45.54483149242463 ], [ -96.15234375, 45.60635207711834 ], [ -95.92163085937499, 45.805828539928356 ], [ -95.92163085937499, 45.92822950933618 ], [ -95.92163085937499, 46.13417004624326 ], [ -95.833740234375, 46.195042108660154 ], [ -95.723876953125, 46.07323062540838 ], [ -95.49316406249999, 46.126556302418514 ], [ -95.526123046875, 46.255846818480336 ], [ -95.33935546875, 46.31658418182218 ], [ -95.284423828125, 46.52863469527167 ], [ -95.33935546875, 46.702202151643455 ], [ -95.2734375, 46.875213396722685 ], [ -95.29541015625, 47.08508535995384 ], [ -95.2734375, 47.19717795172789 ], [ -95.284423828125, 47.35371061951363 ], [ -95.25146484374999, 47.44294999517949 ], [ -95.086669921875, 47.56170075451973 ], [ -94.95483398437499, 47.60616304386874 ], [ -94.58129882812499, 47.65058757118734 ], [ -94.3505859375, 47.76148371616669 ], [ -94.19677734375, 47.857402894658236 ], [ -93.9990234375, 48.004625021133904 ], [ -94.02099609375, 48.122101028190805 ], [ -94.19677734375, 48.23199134320962 ], [ -94.33959960937499, 48.32703913063476 ], [ -94.625244140625, 48.31973404047173 ], [ -95.00976562499999, 48.34894812401375 ], [ -95.185546875, 48.34894812401375 ], [ -95.1416015625, 48.45106561953216 ], [ -95.07568359375, 48.596592251456705 ], [ -95.185546875, 48.61838518688487 ], [ -95.350341796875, 48.65468584817256 ], [ -95.372314453125, 48.741700879765396 ], [ -95.3173828125, 48.821332549646634 ], [ -95.33935546875, 48.90805939965008 ], [ -95.4052734375, 49.001843917978526 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634bfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldstein, R. M.","contributorId":98305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stauffer, J. C.","contributorId":25597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, P.R.","contributorId":81520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lorenz, D. L.","contributorId":10776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":26143,"text":"wri964191 - 1996 - Trends in nutrients and suspended solids at the Fall Line of five tributaries to the Chesapeake Bay in Virginia, July 1988 through June 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:30","indexId":"wri964191","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4191","title":"Trends in nutrients and suspended solids at the Fall Line of five tributaries to the Chesapeake Bay in Virginia, July 1988 through June 1995","docAbstract":"Water-quality samples were collected at the Fall Line of five tributaries to the Chesapeake Bay in Virginia during a 6- to 7-year period. The water-quality data were used to estimate loads of nutrients and suspended solids from these tributaries to the non-tidal part of Chesapeake Bay Basin and to identify trends in water quality. Knowledge of trends in water quality is required to assess the effectiveness of nutrient manage- ment strategies in the five basins. Multivariate log-linear regression and the seasonal Kendall test were used to estimate flow-adjusted trends in constituent concentration and load. Results of multivariate log-linear regression indicated a greater number of statistically significant trends than the seasonal Kendall test; how-ever, when both methods indicated a significant trend, both agreed on the direction of the trend. Interpre- tation of the trend estimates for this report was based on results of the parametric regression method. No significant trends in total nitrogen concentration were detected at the James River monitoring station from July 1988 through June 1995, though total Kjeldahl nitrogen concen- tration decreased slightly in base-flow samples. Total phosphorus concentration decreased about 29 percent at this station during the sampling period. Most of the decrease can be attributed to reductions in point-source phosphorus loads in 1988 and 1989, especially the phosphate detergent ban of 1988. No significant trends in total suspended solids were observed at the James River monitoring station, and no trends in runoff- derived constituents were interpreted for this river. Significant decreases were detected in concentrations of total nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, dissolved nitrite-plus-nitrate nitrogen, and total suspended solids at the Rappahannock River monitoring station between July 1988 and June 1995. A similar downward trend in total phosphorus concentration was significant at the 90-percent confidence level, but not the 95-percent confidence level. These decreases can be attributed primarily to reductions in nonpoint nutrient and sediment loads, and may have been partially caused by implementation of best management practices on agricultural and silvicultural land. Flow-adjusted trends observed at the Appomattox, Pamunkey, and Mattaponi monitoring stations were more difficult to explain than those at the James and Rappahannock stations. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen and total phosphorus increased 16 and 23 percent, respectively, at the Appomattox River monitoring station from July 1989 through June 1995. Total phosphorus concentration increased about 46 percent at the Pamunkey River monitoring station between July 1989 and June 1995. At the Mattaponi River monitoring station, decreases in dissolved nitrite-plus-nitrate nitrogen were offset by increases in total Kjeldahl nitrogen, resulting in no net change in total nitrogen concentration from October 1989 through June 1995.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964191","usgsCitation":"Bell, C.F., Belval, D., and Campbell, J., 1996, Trends in nutrients and suspended solids at the Fall Line of five tributaries to the Chesapeake Bay in Virginia, July 1988 through June 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4191, iv, 37 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964191.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4191/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54939,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4191/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697c2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, C. F.","contributorId":14449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belval, D.L.","contributorId":52186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belval","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, J.P.","contributorId":80310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27687,"text":"wri964259 - 1996 - Streamflow and Suspended-Sediment Loads Before and During Highway Construction, North Halawa, Haiku, and Kamooalii Drainage Basins, Oahu, Hawaii, 1983-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri964259","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4259","title":"Streamflow and Suspended-Sediment Loads Before and During Highway Construction, North Halawa, Haiku, and Kamooalii Drainage Basins, Oahu, Hawaii, 1983-91","docAbstract":"Concern over potential effects from construction of the H-3 highway on Oahu, Hawaii, prompted a long-term study of streamflow and suspended-sediment transport at a network of five stream-gaging stations along the highway route. This report presents results for 1983-91, which included pre-construction and construction periods at all stream-gaging stations.\r\n\r\nAnnual rainfall, streamflow, and suspended-sediment loads were generally higher during construction than before construction. Data collected before and during construction were compared using analysis of covariance to determine whether streamflow and suspended-sediment loads changed significantly during construction after accounting for effects of increased rainfall.\r\n\r\nStreamflow at stream-gaging stations was compared with streamflow at an index stream-gaging station unaffected by construction. Streamflow data were divided into low- and high-flow classes, and the two flow classes were analyzed separately. Low flows increased 117 percent during construction at one station. This increase probably was related to the removal of vegetation for highway construction. Low flows decreased 28 percent at another station, probably as a result of increased ground-water withdrawals and highway construction activities. No significant changes in low flows were detected at the other stations, and no significant changes in high flows were detected at any stations.\r\n\r\nSuspended-sediment loads increased significantly during construction at three stations. Highway construction contributed between 56 and 76 percent of the suspended-sediment loads measured at these stations during construction. Loads did not change significantly at a station downstream of a reservoir, and loads decreased at a station downstream of a drainage basin that was heavily used for agriculture before construction.\r\n\r\nSuspended-sediment concentrations were used to assess compliance with applicable State water-quality standards. State water-quality standards for suspended sediment frequently were exceeded during construction. Standards occasionally were exceeded before construction.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri964259","usgsCitation":"Hill, B.R., 1996, Streamflow and Suspended-Sediment Loads Before and During Highway Construction, North Halawa, Haiku, and Kamooalii Drainage Basins, Oahu, Hawaii, 1983-91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4259, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964259.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4259/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56539,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4259/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Barry R.","contributorId":57494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29349,"text":"wri964202 - 1996 - Effect of ice formation and streamflow on salmon incubation habitat in the lower Bradley River, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri964202","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4202","title":"Effect of ice formation and streamflow on salmon incubation habitat in the lower Bradley River, Alaska","docAbstract":"A minimum flow of 40 cubic feet per second is required in the lower Bradley River, near Homer, Alaska, from November 2 to April 30 to ensure adequate salmon egg incubation habitat. The study that determined this minimum flow did not account for the effects of ice formation on habitat. An investigation was made during periods of ice formation. Hydraulic properties and field water-quality data were measured in winter only from March 1993 to April 1995 at six transects in the lower Bradley River. Discharge in the lower Bradley River ranged from 42.6 to 73.0 cubic feet per second (average 57 cubic feet per second) with ice conditions ranging from near ice free to 100 percent ice cover. Stream water velocity and depth were adequate for habitat protection for all ice conditions and discharges. No relation was found between percent ice cover and mean velocity and depth for any given discharge and no trends were found with changes in discharge for a given ice condition. Velocity distribution within each transect varied significantly from one sampling period to the next. Mean depth and velocity at flows of 40 cubic feet per second or less could not be predicted. No consistent relation was found between the amount of wetted perimeter and percent ice cover. Intragravel-water temperature was slightly warmer than surface-water temperature. Surface and intragravel-water dissolved-oxygen levels were adequate for all flows and ice conditions. No apparent relation was found between dissolved-oxygen levels and streamflow or ice conditions. Excellent oxygen exchange was indicated throughout the study reach. Stranding potential of salmon fry was found to be low throughout the study reach. The limiting factors for determining the minimal acceptable flow limit appear to be stream-water velocity and depth, although specific limits could not be estimated because of the high flows that occurred during this study.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964202","usgsCitation":"Rickman, R.L., 1996, Effect of ice formation and streamflow on salmon incubation habitat in the lower Bradley River, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4202, vi, 34, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964202.","productDescription":"vi, 34, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4202/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58202,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4202/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db625259","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rickman, R. L.","contributorId":24803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rickman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24367,"text":"ofr96487 - 1996 - Ground-water resources data for Baldwin County, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:11","indexId":"ofr96487","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-487","title":"Ground-water resources data for Baldwin County, Alabama","docAbstract":"Geologic and hydrologic data for 237 wells were collected, and water-levels in 223 wells in Baldwin and Escambia Counties were measured. Long-term water water-level data, available for many wells, indicate that ground-water levels in most of Baldwin County show no significant trends for the period of record. However, ground-water levels have declined in the general vicinity of Spanish Fort and Daphne, and ground-water levels in the Gulf Shores and Orange Beach areas are less than 5 feet above sea level in places. The quality of ground water generally is good, but problems with iron, sulfur, turbidity, and color occur. The water from most private wells in Baldwin County is used without treatment or filtration. Alabama public- health law requires that water from public-supply wells be chlorinated. Beyond that, the most common treatment of ground water by public-water suppliers in Baldwin County consists of pH adjustment, iron removal, and aeration. The transmissivity of the Miocene-Pliocene aquifer was determined at 10 locations in Baldwin County. Estimates of transmissivity ranged from 700 to 5,400 feet squared per day. In general, aquifer transmissivity was greatest in the southeastern part of the county, and least in the western part of the county near Mobile Bay. A storage coefficient of 1.5 x 10-3 was determined for the Miocene-Pliocene aquifer near Loxley.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96487","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J.L., Moreland, R.S., and Clark, A., 1996, Ground-water resources data for Baldwin County, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-487, v, 64 :ill., maps; 28 cm.; 12 illus.; 6 plates; 13 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96487.","productDescription":"v, 64 :ill., maps; 28 cm.; 12 illus.; 6 plates; 13 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0487/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53465,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0487/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9fe4b07f02db660ff5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, James L.","contributorId":82284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moreland, Richard S. rsmore@usgs.gov","contributorId":3877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreland","given":"Richard","email":"rsmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":191786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Amy E.","contributorId":29469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Amy E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24281,"text":"ofr96578 - 1996 - Water-quality and ground-water-level data, Bernalillo County, central New Mexico, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:00","indexId":"ofr96578","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-578","title":"Water-quality and ground-water-level data, Bernalillo County, central New Mexico, 1995","docAbstract":"Water-quality and ground-water-level data were collected in \r\ntwo areas of eastern Bernalillo County in central New Mexico \r\nbetween March and July of 1995. Fifty-one wells, two springs, and \r\nthe Ojo Grande Acequia in the east mountain area of Bernalillo \r\nCounty and nine wells in the northeast area of the city of \r\nAlbuquerque were sampled. The water samples were analyzed for \r\nselected nutrient species; total organic carbon; major dissolved \r\nconstituents; dissolved arsenic, boron, iron, and manganese; and \r\nmethylene blue active substances. Analytical results were used to \r\ncompute hardness, sodium adsorption ratio, and dissolved solids. \r\nSpecific conductance, pH, temperature, and alkalinity were \r\nmeasured in the field at the time of sample collection. Ground-\r\nwater-level and well-depth measurements were made at the time of \r\nsample collection when possible. Water-quality data, ground-\r\nwater-level data, and well-depth data are presented in tabular \r\nform.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96578","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Rankin, D., 1996, Water-quality and ground-water-level data, Bernalillo County, central New Mexico, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-578, iv, 14 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96578.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0578/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53402,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0578/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7191","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rankin, D.R.","contributorId":28991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankin","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24371,"text":"ofr96468 - 1996 - Hydrologic data for wetland sites at Millington, Shelby County, and Huntingdon, Carroll County, Tennessee, May 1994 through September 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:11","indexId":"ofr96468","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-468","title":"Hydrologic data for wetland sites at Millington, Shelby County, and Huntingdon, Carroll County, Tennessee, May 1994 through September 1995","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data at two wetland sites near Millington and Huntingdon in West Tennessee were collected to assist efforts by the Tennessee Department of Transportation to determine hydrologic conditions at the sites prior to wetland restoration. The Millington site is located along the Big Creek Drainage Canal east of State Route 240. Water levels were monitored in thirteen 8-inch-diameter wells from July 1994 through September 1995. Water-level recorders provided continuous measurement of water level during periods of wetland inundation and depth to water table during periods of noninundation. A crest-stage indicator and a continuous-stage recorder were installed to monitor surface-water fluctuation. Precipitation data were recorded to determine timing and duration of rainfall events. Land surface at the wells was inundated from 0 to 48 percent of the study period. Additionally, water levels at the wells were within 1.5 feet of the land surface from 0 to 56 percent of the study period. The Huntingdon study site is located along the Crooked Creek Drainage Canal at State Route 22. Ground-water levels were monitored in two wells (wells W-1 and W-2) with continuous water- level recorders from May 1994 through September 1995. Water levels did not rise above land surface at either well during the study. Water levels at wells W-1 and W-2 were within 1.5 feet of the land surface 46 and 50 percent of the study period, respectively. Surface-water stage was monitored at a pond on the mitigation site.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96468","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J.A., and Diehl, T., 1996, Hydrologic data for wetland sites at Millington, Shelby County, and Huntingdon, Carroll County, Tennessee, May 1994 through September 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-468, iv, 31 p. :ill, maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96468.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill, maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1721,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr96468","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db607c31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, J. A.","contributorId":57417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diehl, T.H.","contributorId":89170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29510,"text":"wri964146 - 1996 - Geochemical and isotopic composition of ground water, with emphasis on sources of sulfate, in the upper Floridan aquifer and intermediate aquifer system in southwest Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-24T19:32:59.992604","indexId":"wri964146","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4146","title":"Geochemical and isotopic composition of ground water, with emphasis on sources of sulfate, in the upper Floridan aquifer and intermediate aquifer system in southwest Florida","docAbstract":"In southwest Florida, sulfate concentrations in water from the Upper Floridan aquifer and overlying intermediate aquifer system are commonly above 250 milligrams per liter (the drinking water standard), particularly in coastal areas. Possible sources of sulfate include dissolution of gypsum from the deeper part of the Upper Floridan aquifer or the middle confining unit, saltwater in the aquifer, and saline waters from the middle confining unit and Lower Floridan aquifer. The sources of sulfate and geochemical processes controlling ground-water composition were evaluated for the Peace and Myakka River Basins and adjacent coastal areas of southwest Florida. Samples were collected from 63 wells and a saline spring, including wells finished at different depth intervals of the Upper Floridan aquifer and intermediate aquifer system at about 25 locations. Sampling focused along three ground-water flow paths (selected based on a predevelopment potentiometric-surface map). Ground water was analyzed for major ions, selected trace constituents, dissolved organic carbon, and stable isotopes (delta deuterium, oxygen-18, carbon-13 of inorganic carbon, and sulfur-34 of sulfate and sulfide); the ratio of strontium-87 to strontium-86 was analyzed for waters along one of the flow paths. \r\n\r\nChemical and isotopic data indicate that dedolomitization reactions (gypsum and dolomite dissolution and calcite precipitation) control the chemical composition of water in the Upper Floridan aquifer in inland areas. This is confirmed by mass-balance modeling between wells in the shallowest interval in the aquifer along the flow paths. However, gypsum occurs deeper in the aquifer than these wells. Upwelling of sulfate-rich water that previously dissolved gypsum in deeper parts of the aquifer is a more likely source of sulfate than gypsum dissolution in shallow parts of the aquifer. This deep ground water moves to shallower zones in the aquifer discharge area. \r\n\r\nSaltwater from the Upper Floridan aquifer has not dissolved significant amounts of gypsum compared to fresher water in the aquifer. This is consistent with a shallow seawater source for the saltwater, rather than a deeper source from the underlying middle confining unit or Lower Floridan aquifer, which would have elevated sulfate concentrations. Ion exchange and dolomitization may be important reactions for saltwater in the aquifer. According to geochemical modeling, the freshwater end member for water in the saltwater mixing zone in the southwestern part of the study area is not upgradient water from the Upper Floridan aquifer that dissolved gypsum. Instead, this water appears to be isolated from the regional freshwater flow system and may be part of a more localized flow system. \r\n\r\nThe chemical and isotopic composition of water in the intermediate aquifer system is controlled by differences in extent of reactions with aquifer minerals, upward leakage from the Upper Floridan aquifer, and saltwater mixing. In inland areas, water generally is characterized by relatively low sulfate concentrations (less than 250 milligrams per liter) and differences in extent of carbonate mineral dissolution. Some inland waters have elevated chloride concentrations, which may be related to evaporation prior to recharge. In coastal Sarasota County and in isolated inland areas, water from the intermediate aquifer system has high sulfate concentrations characteristic of dedolomitization waters from the Upper Floridan aquifer. The chemical and isotopic composition of these waters is controlled by upward leakage from the Upper Floridan aquifer, which naturally occurs in the discharge area but may be locally enhanced by pumping or interconnection of wells open to both aquifer systems. In western Charlotte County, the waters are dominated by sodium and chloride, and their compositions are consistent with mixing between saltwater and inland intermediate aquifer system water that has not been influenced by discharge from the","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964146","usgsCitation":"Sacks, L.A., and Tihansky, A.B., 1996, Geochemical and isotopic composition of ground water, with emphasis on sources of sulfate, in the upper Floridan aquifer and intermediate aquifer system in southwest Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4146, v, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964146.","productDescription":"v, 54 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394769,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48492.htm"},{"id":58353,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4146/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4146/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":2501,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fl.water.usgs.gov/Abstracts/wri96_4146_sacks.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.73803710937499,\n 26.792202785452883\n ],\n [\n -81.64764404296875,\n 26.792202785452883\n ],\n [\n -81.64764404296875,\n 27.778341612236325\n ],\n [\n -82.73803710937499,\n 27.778341612236325\n ],\n [\n -82.73803710937499,\n 26.792202785452883\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae2c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sacks, Laura A.","contributorId":19134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sacks","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tihansky, Ann B. tihansky@usgs.gov","contributorId":2477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tihansky","given":"Ann","email":"tihansky@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":201635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24369,"text":"ofr96557 - 1996 - Gaining, losing, and dry stream reaches at Bear Creek Valley, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, March and September 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T22:52:46.705603","indexId":"ofr96557","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-557","title":"Gaining, losing, and dry stream reaches at Bear Creek Valley, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, March and September 1994","docAbstract":"A study was conducted to delineate stream reaches that were gaining flow, losing flow, or that were dry in the upper reaches of Bear Creek Valley near the Y-12 Plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The study included a review of maps and discharge data from a seepage investigation conducted at Bear Creek Valley; preparation of tables showing site identification and discharge and stream reaches that were gaining flow, losing flow, or that were dry; and preparation of maps showing measurement site locations and discharge measurements, and gaining, losing, and dry stream reaches. This report will aid in developing a better understanding of ground-water and surface-water interactions in the upper reaches of Bear Creek.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96557","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J.A., and Mitchell, R.L., 1996, Gaining, losing, and dry stream reaches at Bear Creek Valley, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, March and September 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-557, Report: iii, 17 p.; 1 Plate: 27.14 x 21.91 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96557.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 17 p.; 1 Plate: 27.14 x 21.91 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411043,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18648.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":53467,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0557/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":53466,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0557/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156256,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0557/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","city":"Oak Ridge","otherGeospatial":"Bear Creek Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.28044454354242,\n 36.00270945658738\n ],\n [\n -84.28044454354242,\n 35.96049748128307\n ],\n [\n -84.24287353421924,\n 35.96049748128307\n ],\n [\n -84.24287353421924,\n 36.00270945658738\n ],\n [\n -84.28044454354242,\n 36.00270945658738\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1457","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, J. A.","contributorId":57417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, R. L.","contributorId":41458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23534,"text":"ofr96685 - 1996 - Alaska resource data file: Holy Cross quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-23T14:03:36.184368","indexId":"ofr96685","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-685","title":"Alaska resource data file: Holy Cross quadrangle","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96685","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Keith, W.J., and Miller, M., 1996, Alaska resource data file: Holy Cross quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-685, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96685.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1611,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388921,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37191.htm"},{"id":156080,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0685/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":486497,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0685/ofr19960685.pdf","size":"148 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Holy Cross quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -159,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -159,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -162,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -162,\n 62\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bf42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keith, W. J.","contributorId":41827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"W.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":89523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":190277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23665,"text":"ofr96682 - 1996 - Gravity data collected along the Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment (LARSE) and preliminary model of regional density variations in basement rocks, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:12","indexId":"ofr96682","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-682","title":"Gravity data collected along the Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment (LARSE) and preliminary model of regional density variations in basement rocks, southern California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96682","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., and Jachens, R., 1996, Gravity data collected along the Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment (LARSE) and preliminary model of regional density variations in basement rocks, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-682, ii, 25 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96682.","productDescription":"ii, 25 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0682/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52923,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0682/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db672102","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":190506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25603,"text":"wri964235 - 1996 - Hydrology and water quality of Lauderdale Lakes, Walworth County, Wisconsin, 1993-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T12:47:13","indexId":"wri964235","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4235","title":"Hydrology and water quality of Lauderdale Lakes, Walworth County, Wisconsin, 1993-94","docAbstract":"Water and phosphorus budgets were determined for the Lauderdale Lakes (the interconnected Green, Middle, and Mill Lakes) in Walworth County, southeastern Wisconsin to provide background information for a wastewater management plan to limit the input of phosphorus to the lakes. The most significant components of the water and phosphorus budgets were determined independently by intensive data collection from November 1993 through October 1994. In addition to development of the water and phosphorus budgets, in-lake water quality, and trophic state of the lakes were evaluated.
\nThe lakes (treated as one lake with three basins) have a total surface area of 807 acres. The lakes have a surface-water outlet, but have no major surface inlets. Lake level is controlled by a dam and weir at the outlet. Maximum depths of Green, Middle, and Mill Lakes are about 60, 50, and 50 feet, respectively. The total drainage area of the lakes measured from the outlet is 16.1 square miles; only about 2.5 square miles, however, contribute surface runoff directly to the lake. About 70 percent of the 14.7-mile shoreline length is developed. Shoreline development includes 1,010 houses, of which about 30 percent are used year-round.
\nGround water and precipitation are the primary water-budget inflow components, and during the study period represented 72 and 24 percent of the total annual inflow, respectively. Surface-water inflow from the small nearshore contributing drainage area accounted for only 4 percent of the inflow budget. Total annual phosphorus input to the lakes was 846 pounds. Although surface water accounted for only 4 percent of the water budget, it represented 51 percent of the total annual phosphorus input. Phosphorus input from septic systems was the second largest source, with a probable annual input of 210 pounds, accounting for 25 percent of the total. Positive ground-water gradients to the lake and phosphorus concentrations in ground water were verified by data from nearshore observation wells. Phosphorus concentrations in ground water exceeded background concentrations of 0.008 milligrams per liter in three out of six observation wells in the inflow area of the lakes. Overall, the phosphorus loading to the lakes is small and lake-water quality is good. The trophic state indices calculated for the lakes ranged from oligotrophic to mesotrophic but were in the mesotrophic class for most of the year. An equation to predict phosphorus concentration at spring turnover from loading estimates was fairly accurate in predicting the measured phosphorus concentration for Lauderdale Lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964235","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lauderdale Lakes Lake Management District","usgsCitation":"Garn, H., Seidel, T., and Rose, W.J., 1996, Hydrology and water quality of Lauderdale Lakes, Walworth County, Wisconsin, 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4235, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964235.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54346,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4235/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4235/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Walworth County","otherGeospatial":"Green Lake, Lauderdale Lakes, Middle Lake, Mill Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.62276077270508,\n 42.72078596277834\n ],\n [\n -88.62276077270508,\n 42.81555136172695\n ],\n [\n -88.5110092163086,\n 42.81555136172695\n ],\n [\n -88.5110092163086,\n 42.72078596277834\n ],\n [\n -88.62276077270508,\n 42.72078596277834\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604d99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garn, H.S.","contributorId":42601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garn","given":"H.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seidel, T.L.","contributorId":92296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seidel","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rose, W. J.","contributorId":14433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":4849,"text":"ds37 - 1996 - Data from selected U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Water-Quality Networks (WQN)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T21:54:18.559081","indexId":"ds37","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"37","title":"Data from selected U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Water-Quality Networks (WQN)","docAbstract":"This CD-ROM set contains data from two USGS national stream water-quality networks, the Hydrologic Benchmark Network (HBN) and the National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN), operated during the past 30 years. These networks were established to provide national and regional descriptions of stream water-quality conditions and trends, based on uniform monitoring of selected watersheds throughout the United States, and to improve our understanding of the effects of the natural environment and human activities on water quality. The HBN, consisting of 63 relatively small, minimally disturbed watersheds, provides data for investigating naturally induced changes in streamflow and water quality and the effects of airborne substances on water quality. NASQAN, consisting of 618 larger, more culturally influenced watersheds, provides information for tracking water-quality conditions in major U.S. rivers and streams.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds37","usgsCitation":"Alexander, R.B., Slack, J.R., Ludtke, A., Fitzgerald, K.K., Schertz, T., Briel, L.I., and Buttleman, K., 1996, Data from selected U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Water-Quality Networks (WQN): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 37, HTML Document; 2 CD-ROMs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds37.","productDescription":"HTML Document; 2 CD-ROMs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403442,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10547.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":139848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":569,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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An assessment of the fresh- and brackish-water resources in the Upper Floridan aquifer was needed to estimate the changes that may result from brackish-water development. The complex hydrogeologic framework underlying Dunedin and adjacent areas of northern Pinellas County is conceptualized as a multilayered sequence of permeable zones and confining and semiconfining units. The permeable zones contain vertically spaced, discrete, water-producing zones with differing water quality. Water levels, water-level responses, and water quality are highly variable among the different permeable zones. The Upper Floridan aquifer is best characterized as a local flow system in most of northern Pinellas County. Pumping from the Dunedin well field is probably not influencing water levels in the aquifer outside Dunedin, but has resulted in localized depressions in the potentiometric surface surrounding production-well clusters. The complex geologic layering combined with the effects of production-well distribution probably contribute to the spatial and temporal variability in chloride concentrations in the Dunedin well field. Chloride concentrations in ground water underlying the Dunedin well field vary both vertically and laterally. In general, water-quality rapidly changes below depths of 400 feet below sea level. Additionally, randomly distributed water-producing zones with higher chloride concentrations may occur at shallow, discrete intervals above 400 feet. A relation between chloride concentration and distance from St. Joseph Sound is not apparent; however, a possible relation exists between chloride concentration and production-well density. Chloride-concentration data from production wells show a consistently increasing pattern that has accelerated since the late 1980's. Chloride-concentration data from 15 observation wells show increasing trends for 6 wells, decreasing trends for 3 wells, and no trend for 6 wells. The current and future, fresh- and brackish-water resources were evaluated using a numerical ground-water flow and solute-transport model. Simulation results indicate that the hydraulic conductivity of the uppermost permeable zone (upper zone A) of the Upper Floridan aquifer is four times greater than the two underlying permeable zones (lower zone A and zone B). The simulated hydraulic conduc- tivities of the semiconfining units are four orders of magnitude less than the permeable zones. Simulation results show the importance of semiconfining units as a mechanism for retarding the vertical movement of higher salinity ground water. Simulation results indicate that pumping from the brackish-water zone does not negatively influence the chloride-concentration trends in the overlying fresh-water zone; however, chloride changes in the fresh-water zone will continue to occur due to the continuation of current fresh-water withdrawals. Chloride changes in the brackish-water zone will occur from pumping brackish water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964164","usgsCitation":"Knochenmus, L.A., and Swenson, E.S., 1996, Assessment of the fresh- and brackish-water resources underlying Dunedin and adjacent areas of northern Pinellas County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4164, vi, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964164.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394691,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48508.htm"},{"id":56896,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4164/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4164/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Pinellas County","city":"Dunedin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.8167,\n 27.9\n ],\n [\n -82.65,\n 27.9\n ],\n [\n -82.65,\n 28.0667\n ],\n [\n -82.8167,\n 28.0667\n ],\n [\n -82.8167,\n 27.9\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671d29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knochenmus, L. 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671e98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurley, N.M. Jr.","contributorId":57105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"N.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21713,"text":"ofr96337 - 1996 - Data from selected U.S. Geological Survey national stream water-quality monitoring networks (WQN) on CD-ROM","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:52","indexId":"ofr96337","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-337","title":"Data from selected U.S. Geological Survey national stream water-quality monitoring networks (WQN) on CD-ROM","docAbstract":"Data from two U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) national stream water-quality monitoring networks, the National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) and the Hydrologic Benchmark Network (HBN), are now available in a two CD-ROM set. These data on CD-ROM are collectively referred to as WQN, water-quality networks. Data from these networks have been used at the national, regional, and local levels to estimate the rates of chemical flux from watersheds, quantify changes in stream water quality for periods during the past 30 years, and investigate relations between water quality and streamflow as well as the relations of water quality to pollution sources and various physical characteristics of watersheds. \rThe networks include 679 monitoring stations in watersheds that represent diverse climatic, physiographic, and cultural characteristics. The HBN includes 63 stations in relatively small, minimally disturbed basins ranging in size from 2 to 2,000 square miles with a median drainage basin size of 57 square miles. NASQAN includes 618 stations in larger, more culturally-influenced drainage basins ranging in size from one square mile to 1.2 million square miles with a median drainage basin size of about 4,000 square miles. \rThe CD-ROMs contain data for 63 physical, chemical, and biological properties of water (122 total constituents including analyses of dissolved and water suspended-sediment samples) collected during more than 60,000 site visits. These data approximately span the periods 1962-95 for HBN and 1973-95 for NASQAN. The data reflect sampling over a wide range of streamflow conditions and the use of relatively consistent sampling and analytical methods. \rThe CD-ROMs provide ancillary information and data-retrieval tools to allow the national network data to be properly and efficiently used. Ancillary information includes the following: descriptions of the network objectives and history, characteristics of the network stations and water-quality data, historical records of important changes in network sample collection and laboratory analytical methods, water reference sample data for estimating laboratory measurement bias and variability for 34 dissolved constituents for the period 1985-95, discussions of statistical methods for using water reference sample data to evaluate the accuracy of network stream water-quality data, and a bibliography of scientific investigations using national network data and other publications relevant to the networks. \rThe data structure of the CD-ROMs is designed to allow users to efficiently enter the water-quality data to user-supplied software packages including statistical analysis, modeling, or geographic information systems. On one disc, all data are stored in ASCII form accessible from any computer system with a CD-ROM driver. The data also can be accessed using DOS-based retrieval software supplied on a second disc. This software supports logical queries of the water-quality data based on constituent concentrations, sample- collection date, river name, station name, county, state, hydrologic unit number, and 1990 population and 1987 land-cover characteristics for station watersheds. User-selected data may be output in a variety of formats including dBASE, flat ASCII, delimited ASCII, or fixed-field for subsequent use in other software packages. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96337","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Alexander, R.B., Ludtke, A., Fitzgerald, K.K., and Schertz, T., 1996, Data from selected U.S. Geological Survey national stream water-quality monitoring networks (WQN) on CD-ROM: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-337, vii, 85 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96337.","productDescription":"vii, 85 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1160,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr96-337","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0337/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51240,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0337/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c645","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, R. B.","contributorId":108103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludtke, A. S.","contributorId":6846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludtke","given":"A. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzgerald, K. K.","contributorId":34501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schertz, T. L.","contributorId":65841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schertz","given":"T. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":29603,"text":"wri964127 - 1996 - Water-use analysis program for the Neshaminy Creek basin, Bucks and Montgomery counties, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-13T10:33:17","indexId":"wri964127","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4127","title":"Water-use analysis program for the Neshaminy Creek basin, Bucks and Montgomery counties, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"A water-use analysis computer program was developed for the Neshaminy Creek Basin to assist in managing and allocating water resources in the basin. The program was developed for IBM-compatible personal computers. Basin analysis and the methodologies developed for the Neshaminy Creek Basin can be transferred to other watersheds. The development and structure of the water-use analysis program is documented in this report. The report also serves as a user's guide. The program uses common relational database-management software that allows for water use-data input, editing, updating and output and can be used to generate a watershed water-use analysis report. The watershed-analysis report lists summations of public-supply well withdrawals; a combination of industrial, commercial, institutional, and ground-water irrigation well withdrawals; spray irrigation systems; a combination of public, industrial, and private surface-water withdrawals; wastewater-tratement-facility dishcarges; estimates of aggregate domestic ground-water withdrawals on an areal basin or subbasin basis; imports and exports of wastewater across basin or subbasin divides; imports and exports of public water supplies across basin or subbasin divides; estimates of evaporative loss and consumptive loss from produce incorporation; industrial septic-system discharges to ground water; and ground-water well-permit allocations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964127","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Delaware River Basin Commission","usgsCitation":"Schreffler, C.L., 1996, Water-use analysis program for the Neshaminy Creek basin, Bucks and Montgomery counties, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4127, iv, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964127.","productDescription":"iv, 85 p.","numberOfPages":"89","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119605,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4127/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58427,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4127/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Bucks County, Montgomery County","otherGeospatial":"Neshaminy Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.157470703125,\n 40.43754064484924\n ],\n [\n -74.8443603515625,\n 40.236557025505114\n ],\n [\n -74.85946655273438,\n 40.108537754986166\n ],\n [\n -74.94049072265625,\n 40.07491896000657\n ],\n [\n -75.24124145507812,\n 40.18097176388719\n ],\n [\n -75.36895751953125,\n 40.273239279173055\n ],\n [\n -75.157470703125,\n 40.43754064484924\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a153","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schreffler, Curtis L. clschref@usgs.gov","contributorId":333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreffler","given":"Curtis","email":"clschref@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":201793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24570,"text":"ofr96455 - 1996 - Documentation of programs used to determine a wetlands hydroperiod from model-simulated water-surface elevations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:00","indexId":"ofr96455","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-455","title":"Documentation of programs used to determine a wetlands hydroperiod from model-simulated water-surface elevations","docAbstract":"A technique has been developed to determine a wetlands hydroperiod by comparing simulated water levels from a ground-water flow model and land- surface elevation data through a geographic information system. The simulated water levels are compared with the land-surface elevation data to determine the height of the water surface above or below land surface for the area of interest. Finally, the hydroperiod is determined for established time periods using criteria specified by the user. The program application requires the use of geographic information system software (ARC/INFO), including the TIN and GRID subsystems of the software. The application consists of an ANSI compatible C program to translate ground- water data output from the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional, finite-difference, ground-water flow model (MODFLOW) into a format that can be used as input for the geographic information system programs (AML's). The application uses ARC/INFO AML programs and ARC/INFO menu interface programs to create digital spatial data layers of the land surface and water surface and to determine the hydroperiod. The technique can be used to evaluate and manage wetlands hydrology.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96455","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Sonenshein, R., 1996, Documentation of programs used to determine a wetlands hydroperiod from model-simulated water-surface elevations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-455, iii, 47 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96455.","productDescription":"iii, 47 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0455/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53619,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0455/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63615e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonenshein, R.S.","contributorId":10415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonenshein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24458,"text":"ofr96688 - 1996 - Data base of impact craters on Venus based on analysis of Magellan radar images and altimetry data","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20778,"text":"ofr95561 - 1995 - Data base of impact craters on Venus based on analysis of Magellan radar images and altimetry data","indexId":"ofr95561","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Data base of impact craters on Venus based on analysis of Magellan radar images and altimetry data"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":24458,"text":"ofr96688 - 1996 - Data base of impact craters on Venus based on analysis of Magellan radar images and altimetry data","indexId":"ofr96688","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Data base of impact craters on Venus based on analysis of Magellan radar images and altimetry data"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T10:31:36","indexId":"ofr96688","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-688","title":"Data base of impact craters on Venus based on analysis of Magellan radar images and altimetry data","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96688","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Schaber, G.G., Kirk, R.L., and Strom, R.G., 1996, Data base of impact craters on Venus based on analysis of Magellan radar images and altimetry data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-688, 58 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96688.","productDescription":"58 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0688/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1787,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/Projects/VenusImpactCraters/venus_title.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":53526,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0688/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Venus","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c999","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaber, Gerald G.","contributorId":190383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaber","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strom, Robert G.","contributorId":20350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22597,"text":"ofr96591 - 1996 - Summary of suspended-solids concentration data, San Francisco Bay, California, Water Year 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T16:35:19","indexId":"ofr96591","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-591","title":"Summary of suspended-solids concentration data, San Francisco Bay, California, Water Year 1995","docAbstract":"Suspended-solids concentration data were collected in San Francisco Bay during water year 1995 (October 1, 1994September 30, 1995). Optical backscatterance sensors and water samples were used to monitor suspended solids continuously at two sites in Suisun Bay, two sites in Central San Francisco Bay, and three sites in South San Francisco Bay. Sensors were positioned at two depths at each site. Water samples were collected periodically and were analyzed for concentrations of suspended solids. The results of the analyses were used to calibrate the electrical output of the optical backscatterance sensors. This report presents the data-collection methods used and summarizes the suspended-solids concentration data collected from October 1994 through September 1995. Calibration plots and edited data for each sensor also are presented.
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