{"pageNumber":"1283","pageRowStart":"32050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165309,"records":[{"id":70126809,"text":"70126809 - 2014 - The 2001-present induced earthquake sequence in the Raton Basin of northern New Mexico and southern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-10T16:30:21","indexId":"70126809","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-25T10:21:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2001-present induced earthquake sequence in the Raton Basin of northern New Mexico and southern Colorado","docAbstract":"We investigate the ongoing seismicity in the Raton Basin and find that the deep injection of wastewater from the coal‐bed methane field is responsible for inducing the majority of the seismicity since 2001. Many lines of evidence indicate that this earthquake sequence was induced by wastewater injection. First, there was a marked increase in seismicity shortly after major fluid injection began in the Raton Basin in 1999. From 1972 through July 2001, there was one M≥4 earthquake in the Raton Basin, whereas 12 occurred between August 2001 and 2013. The statistical likelihood that such a rate change would occur if earthquakes behaved randomly in time is 3.0%. Moreover, this rate change is limited to the area of industrial activity. Earthquake rates remain low in the surrounding area. Second, the vast majority of the seismicity is within 5 km of active disposal wells and is shallow, ranging between 2 and 8 km depth. The two most carefully studied earthquake sequences in 2001 and 2011 have earthquakes within 2 km of high‐volume, high‐injection‐rate wells. Third, injection wells in the area are commonly very high volume and high rate. Two wells adjacent to the August 2011 M 5.3 earthquake injected about 4.9 million cubic meters of wastewater before the earthquake, more than seven times the amount injected at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal well that caused damaging earthquakes near Denver, Colorado, in the 1960s. The August 2011 M 5.3 event is the second‐largest earthquake to date for which there is clear evidence that the earthquake sequence was induced by fluid injection.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120140009","usgsCitation":"Rubinstein, J.L., Ellsworth, W.L., McGarr, A.F., and Benz, H.M., 2014, The 2001-present induced earthquake sequence in the Raton Basin of northern New Mexico and southern Colorado: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 104, no. 5, p. 2162-2181, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140009.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2162","endPage":"2181","numberOfPages":"20","ipdsId":"IP-051876","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1235801","text":"External Repository"},{"id":294483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294480,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120140009"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Raton Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.0,36.0 ], [ -106.0,38.0 ], [ -103.0,38.0 ], [ -103.0,36.0 ], [ -106.0,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"104","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5425208fe4b0e641df8a6dca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubinstein, Justin L. 0000-0003-1274-6785 jrubinstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1274-6785","contributorId":2404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubinstein","given":"Justin","email":"jrubinstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGarr, Arthur F. 0000-0001-9769-4093 mcgarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":3178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Arthur","email":"mcgarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70126741,"text":"70126741 - 2014 - In vivo and in vitro phenotypic differences between Great Lakes VHSV genotype IVb isolates with sequence types vcG001 and vcG002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-12T14:58:13","indexId":"70126741","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-25T09:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In vivo and in vitro phenotypic differences between Great Lakes VHSV genotype IVb isolates with sequence types vcG001 and vcG002","docAbstract":"<p>Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is an aquatic rhabdovirus first recognized in farmed rainbow trout in Denmark. In the past decade, a new genotype of this virus, IVb was discovered in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin and has caused several massive die-offs in some of the 28 species of susceptible North American freshwater fishes. Since its colonization of the Great Lakes, several closely related sequence types within genotype IVb have been reported, the two most common of which are vcG001 and vcG002. These sequence types have different spatial distributions in the Great Lakes. The aim of this study was to determine whether the genotypic differences between representative vcG001 (isolate MI03) and vcG002 (isolate 2010-030 #91) isolates correspond to phenotypic differences in terms of virulence using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. In vitro infection of epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC), bluegill fry (BF-2), and Chinook salmon embryo (CHSE) cells demonstrated some differences in onset and rate of growth in EPC and BF-2 cells, without any difference in the quantity of RNA produced. In vivo infection of round gobies (<i>Neogobius melanostomus</i>) via immersion exposure to different concentrations of vcG001 or vcG002 caused a significantly greater mortality in round gobies exposed to 10<sup>2</sup> plaque forming units ml<sup>&minus; 1</sup> of vcG001. These experiments suggest that there are phenotypic differences between Great Lakes isolates of VHSV genotype IVb.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2014.08.004","usgsCitation":"Imanse, S.M., Cornwell, E., Getchell, R.G., Kurath, G., and Bowser, P., 2014, In vivo and in vitro phenotypic differences between Great Lakes VHSV genotype IVb isolates with sequence types vcG001 and vcG002: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 40, no. 4, p. 879-885, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2014.08.004.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"879","endPage":"885","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049119","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4337033","text":"External Repository"},{"id":294460,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294414,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2014.08.004"}],"otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.11,41.4 ], [ -92.11,48.85 ], [ -76.3,48.85 ], [ -76.3,41.4 ], [ -92.11,41.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5425208de4b0e641df8a6db2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imanse, Sierra M.","contributorId":102007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imanse","given":"Sierra","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cornwell, Emily R.","contributorId":64526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornwell","given":"Emily R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Getchell, Rodman G.","contributorId":32416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Getchell","given":"Rodman","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowser, Paul R.","contributorId":10391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowser","given":"Paul R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70122945,"text":"ofr20141183 - 2014 - User's manual for the upper Delaware River riverine environmental flow decision support system (REFDSS), Version 1.1.2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-25T09:30:55","indexId":"ofr20141183","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-25T09:22:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1183","title":"User's manual for the upper Delaware River riverine environmental flow decision support system (REFDSS), Version 1.1.2","docAbstract":"<p>Between 2002 and 2006, the Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted field surveys, organized workshops, and performed analysis of habitat for trout and shad in the Upper Delaware River Basin. This work culminated in the development of decision support system software (the Delaware River DSS–DRDSS, Bovee and others, 2007) that works in conjunction with the Delaware River Basin Commission’s reservoir operations model, OASIS, to facilitate comparison of the habitat and water-delivery effects of alternative operating scenarios for the Basin. This original DRDSS application was developed in Microsoft Excel and is available to all interested parties through the FORT web site (<a href=\"http://www.fort.usgs.gov/Products/Software/DRDSS/\">http://www.fort.usgs.gov/Products/Software/DRDSS/</a>).</p>\n<br>\n<p>Initial user feedback on the original Excel-based DSS highlighted the need for a more user-friendly and powerful interface to effectively deliver the complex data and analyses encapsulated in the DSS. In order to meet this need, the USGS FORT and Northern Appalachian Research Branch (NARB) developed an entirely new graphical user interface (GUI) application. Support for this research was through the DOI WaterSmart program (<a href=\"http://www.doi.gov/watersmart/html/index.php\">http://www.doi.gov/watersmart/html/index.php</a>) of which the USGS component is the National Water Census (<a href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/watercensus/WaterSMART.html\">http://water.usgs.gov/watercensus/WaterSMART.html</a>). The content and methodology of the new GUI interface emulates those of the original DSS with a few exceptions listed below. Refer to Bovee and others (2007) for the original information. Significant alterations to the original DSS include:</p>\n<br>\n<p>• We moved from Excel-based data storage and processing to a more powerful database back end powered by SQLite. The most notable effect of this is that the previous maximum temporal extent of 10 years has been replaced by a dynamic extent that can now cover the entire period of record for which we have data (1928–2000).</p> \n<p>• We incorporated interactive geographic information system (GIS) visualization and dynamic data processing. Previous habitat maps were generated outside of the DSS in an ad hoc process that the end user could not update or investigate.</p> \n<p>• The original bathymetric data collected in 2005 at the three main stem reaches was augmented with a higher resolution dataset collected in 2010. This new dataset was collected in order to conduct higher resolution (finer pixel size) two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic modeling for evaluating dwarf wedgemussel (DWM, <i>Alasmidonta heterodon</i>) habitat.</p> \n<p>• Results charts are now substantially more interactive, dynamic, and accessible, which allows users to more easily focus on their particular topics of interest as well as drill down to the source data used to calculate given results.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141183","usgsCitation":"Talbert, C., Maloney, K.O., Holmquist-Johnson, C., and Hanson, L., 2014, User's manual for the upper Delaware River riverine environmental flow decision support system (REFDSS), Version 1.1.2: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1183, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141183.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052908","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141183.jpg"},{"id":294458,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1183/pdf/ofr2014-1183.pdf"},{"id":294457,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1183/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252090e4b0e641df8a6dd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Talbert, Colin talbertc@usgs.gov","contributorId":4668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbert","given":"Colin","email":"talbertc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maloney, Kelly O. 0000-0003-2304-0745 kmaloney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":4636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Kelly","email":"kmaloney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmquist-Johnson, Chris","contributorId":27803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmquist-Johnson","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanson, Leanne hansonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Leanne","email":"hansonl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70126002,"text":"ds870 - 2014 - Watershed Data Management (WDM) database for Salt Creek streamflow simulation, DuPage County, Illinois, water years 2005-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-25T09:16:43","indexId":"ds870","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-25T09:13:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"870","title":"Watershed Data Management (WDM) database for Salt Creek streamflow simulation, DuPage County, Illinois, water years 2005-11","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with DuPage County Stormwater Management Division, maintains a USGS database of hourly meteorologic and hydrologic data for use in a near real-time streamflow simulation system, which assists in the management and operation of reservoirs and other flood-control structures in the Salt Creek watershed in DuPage County, Illinois. Most of the precipitation data are collected from a tipping-bucket rain-gage network located in and near DuPage County. The other meteorologic data (wind speed, solar radiation, air temperature, and dewpoint temperature) are collected at Argonne National Laboratory in Argonne, Ill. Potential evapotranspiration is computed from the meteorologic data. The hydrologic data (discharge and stage) are collected at USGS streamflow-gaging stations in DuPage County. These data are stored in a Watershed Data Management (WDM) database. An earlier report describes in detail the WDM database development including the processing of data from January 1, 1997, through September 30, 2004, in SEP04.WDM database. SEP04.WDM is updated with the appended data from October 1, 2004, through September 30, 2011, water years 2005–11 and renamed as SEP11.WDM. This report details the processing of meteorologic and hydrologic data in SEP11.WDM.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This report provides a record of snow affected periods and the data used to fill missing-record periods for each precipitation site during water years 2005–11. The meteorologic data filling methods are described in detail in Over and others (2010), and an update is provided in this report.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds870","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the DuPage County Stormwater Management Division","usgsCitation":"Bera, M., 2014, Watershed Data Management (WDM) database for Salt Creek streamflow simulation, DuPage County, Illinois, water years 2005-11: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 870, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds870.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051634","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294451,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds870.jpg"},{"id":294449,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0870/"},{"id":294450,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0870/pdf/ds870.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Illinois","county":"Dupage County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.25,41.758333 ], [ -88.25,42.126389 ], [ -87.875,42.126389 ], [ -87.875,41.758333 ], [ -88.25,41.758333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252090e4b0e641df8a6de3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bera, Maitreyee 0000-0002-3968-1961 mbera@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3968-1961","contributorId":5450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bera","given":"Maitreyee","email":"mbera@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70114418,"text":"sir20145095 - 2014 - Groundwater and surface-water interaction and potential for underground water storage in the Buena Vista-Salida Basin, Chaffee County, Colorado, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-25T08:47:48","indexId":"sir20145095","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-25T08:43:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5095","title":"Groundwater and surface-water interaction and potential for underground water storage in the Buena Vista-Salida Basin, Chaffee County, Colorado, 2011","docAbstract":"<p>By 2030, the population of the Arkansas Headwaters Region, which includes all of Chaffee and Lake Counties and parts of Custer, Fremont, and Park Counties, Colorado, is forecast to increase about 73 percent. As the region’s population increases, it is anticipated that groundwater will be used to meet much of the increased demand. In September 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Upper Arkansas Water Conservancy District and with support from the Colorado Water Conservation Board; Chaffee, Custer, and Fremont Counties; Buena Vista, Cañon City, Poncha Springs, and Salida; and Round Mountain Water and Sanitation District, began a 3-year study of groundwater and surface-water conditions in the Buena Vista-Salida Basin. This report presents results from the study of the Buena Vista-Salida Basin including synoptic gain-loss measurements and water budgets of Cottonwood, Chalk, and Browns Creeks, changes in groundwater storage, estimates of specific yield, transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity from aquifer tests and slug tests, an evaluation of areas with potential for underground water storage, and estimates of stream-accretion response-time factors for hypothetical recharge and selected streams in the basin.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The four synoptic measurements of flow of Cottonwood, Chalk, and Browns Creeks, suggest quantifiable groundwater gains and losses in selected segments in all three perennial streams. The synoptic measurements of flow of Cottonwood and Browns Creeks suggest a seasonal variability, where positive later-irrigation season values in these creeks suggest groundwater discharge, possibly as infiltrated irrigation water. The overall sum of gains and losses on Chalk Creek does not indicate a seasonal variability but indicates a gaining stream in April and August/September. Gains and losses in the measured upper segments of Chalk Creek likely are affected by the Chalk Cliffs Rearing Unit (fish hatchery).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Monthly water budgets were estimated for selected segments of five perennial streams (Cottonwood, North Cottonwood, Chalk, and Browns Creeks, and South Arkansas River) in the Buena Vista-Salida Basin for calendar year 2011. Differences between reported diversions and estimated crop irrigation requirements were used to estimate groundwater recharge in the areas irrigated by water supplied from the diversions. The amount of groundwater recharge in all the basins varied monthly; however, the greatest amount of recharge was during June and July for Cottonwood, North Cottonwood, and Chalk Creeks and South Arkansas River. The greatest amount of recharge in 2011 in Browns Creek occurred in July and August. The large seasonal fluctuations of groundwater near irrigated areas in the Buena Vista-Salida Basin indicate that the increased groundwater storage resulting from infiltration of surface-water diversions has dissipated by the following spring.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Areas within the Buena Vista-Salida Basin with the potential for underground storage were identified using geographic information system data, including topographic, geologic, and hydrologic data, excluding the mountainous areas that border the Buena Vista-Salida Basin and igneous and metamorphic rock outcrop areas. The areas that met the selection criteria for underground water storage are located on terrace deposits near the Arkansas River and adjacent to its major tributaries. The selected areas also contain much of the irrigated land within the basin; consequently, irrigation ditches and canals could provide a means of conveying water to potential recharge sites.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Upper Arkansas Water Conservancy District; Colorado Water Conservation Board; Chaffee, Custer, and Fremont Counties; Buena Vista, Cañon City, Poncha Springs, and Salida; and Round Mountain Water and Sanitation District","usgsCitation":"Watts, K.R., Ivahnenko, T.I., Stogner, and Bruce, J.F., 2014, Groundwater and surface-water interaction and potential for underground water storage in the Buena Vista-Salida Basin, Chaffee County, Colorado, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5095, viii, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145095.","productDescription":"viii, 63 p.","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052836","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145095.jpg"},{"id":294439,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5095/"},{"id":294441,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5095/pdf/sir2014-5095.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Chaffee County","otherGeospatial":"Buena Vista-salida Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.50,38.25 ], [ -106.50,39.15 ], [ -105.25,39.15 ], [ -105.25,38.25 ], [ -106.50,38.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5425208ce4b0e641df8a6da3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watts, Kenneth R. krwatts@usgs.gov","contributorId":1647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Kenneth","email":"krwatts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ivahnenko, Tamara I. 0000-0002-1124-7688 ivahnenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1124-7688","contributorId":2050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivahnenko","given":"Tamara","email":"ivahnenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stogner 0000-0002-3185-1452 rstogner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3185-1452","contributorId":938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stogner","email":"rstogner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bruce, James F. 0000-0003-3125-2932 jbruce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3125-2932","contributorId":916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruce","given":"James","email":"jbruce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70125642,"text":"sir20145184 - 2014 - Withdrawal and consumption of water by thermoelectric power plants in the United States, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-27T13:12:32","indexId":"sir20145184","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-24T14:20:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5184","title":"Withdrawal and consumption of water by thermoelectric power plants in the United States, 2010","docAbstract":"<p>Estimates of water use at thermoelectric plants were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey based on linked heat and water budgets, and complement reported thermoelectric water withdrawals and consumption. The heat- and water-budget models produced withdrawal and consumption estimates, including thermodynamically plausible ranges of minimum and maximum withdrawal and consumption, for 1,290 water-using plants in the United States for 2010. Total estimated withdrawal for 2010 was about 129 billion gallons per day (Bgal/d), and total estimated consumption was about 3.5 Bgal/d. In contrast, total withdrawal reported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA), was about 24 percent higher than the modeled estimates, and total EIA-reported consumption was about 8 percent lower. Most thermoelectric generation in 2010 was not associated with thermodynamically plausible EIA-reported values of both withdrawal and consumption.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>An analysis of 2005 and 2010 EIA-reported water use indicated that withdrawal and consumption declined 18 percent and 34 percent, respectively. Alternative water types (types other than freshwater) accounted for approximately 25 percent of all withdrawals in 2010, most of which occurred at plants with once-through cooling systems using saline and brackish tidal waters. Differences among withdrawal and consumption coefficients based on EIA-reported water use for 2005 and 2010 and heat-budget model results for 2010 reveal opportunities for improving consistency and accuracy of reporting of water-use information at the plant scale.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145184","collaboration":"A product of the USGS National Water Census and the USGS National Streamflow Information Program","usgsCitation":"Diehl, T.H., and Harris, M.A., 2014, Withdrawal and consumption of water by thermoelectric power plants in the United States, 2010 (First posted September 24, 2014; Revised and reposted November 10, 2014, version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5184, Report: vi, 28 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145184.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 28 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057676","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294436,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145184.jpg"},{"id":294435,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5184/"},{"id":294433,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5184/pdf/sir20145184.pdf"},{"id":294434,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5184/downloads/sir20145184_Appendix_1_UPDATED_20141107.xlsx"}],"country":"United 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mharris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2659-9763","contributorId":1903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Melissa","email":"mharris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70122868,"text":"fs20143084 - 2014 - <i>The National Map</i> hydrography data stewardship: what is it and why is it important?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-24T14:12:11","indexId":"fs20143084","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-24T14:10:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3084","title":"<i>The National Map</i> hydrography data stewardship: what is it and why is it important?","docAbstract":"<p>The National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) and Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD) were designed and populated by a large consortium of agencies involved in hydrography across the United States. The effort was led by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). The high-resolution NHD dataset, completed in 2007, is based on the USGS 7.5-minute series topographic maps at a scale of 1:24,000. There are now 26 million features in the NHD representing a 7.5 million mile stream network with over 6.5 million waterbodies. The six-level WBD, completed in 2010, is based on 1:24,000 scale data and contains over 23,000 watershed polygons.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The NHD’s flow network, attribution, and linear referencing are used to conduct extensive scientific analyses. The NHD is ideal for cartographic applications such as the US Topo topographic map series, and also is available on the Geospatial Platform, which provides shared and trusted geospatial data, services, and applications for use by government agencies, their partners, and the public. The WBD watersheds are used by scientists and managers to identify discrete drainage areas. The ongoing maintenance of the NHD and WBD is essential for improving these datasets to meet the ever increasing demand for currency, additional detail, and more significant attribution. The best source of information about changes in local hydrography are users closest to the data, such as State and local governments, as well as Federal land management agencies, and other users of the data. The need for local knowledge has led to the creation of a collaborative data stewardship process to revise and maintain the NHD.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143084","usgsCitation":"Arnold, D., 2014, <i>The National Map</i> hydrography data stewardship: what is it and why is it important?: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3084, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143084.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056904","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143084.jpg"},{"id":294430,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3084/"},{"id":294431,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3084/pdf/fs2014-3084.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5423cf07e4b037b608f9d3a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, Dave","contributorId":102816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70126753,"text":"70126753 - 2014 - Lead and eagles: demographic and pathological characteristics of poisoning, and exposure levels associated with other causes of mortality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T16:50:50","indexId":"70126753","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-24T13:17:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead and eagles: demographic and pathological characteristics of poisoning, and exposure levels associated with other causes of mortality","docAbstract":"We conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate demographic and pathologic characteristics in 484 bald eagles (<i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i>) and 68 golden eagles (<i>Aquila chrysaetos</i>) diagnosed with lead poisoning at the U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center. As part of our analysis, we compared characteristics of lead poisoned eagles with those that died of other causes. Odds of lead poisoning were greater for bald eagles versus golden eagles, females versus males, adults versus juveniles, and eagles from the Mississippi and Central flyways versus the Atlantic and Pacific flyways. In addition to spatial, species, and demographic associations, we detected a distinct temporal trend in the collection date of lead poisoned bald eagle carcasses. These carcasses were found at greater frequency in late autumn and winter than spring and summer. Lesions in lead poisoned birds included emaciation, evidence of bile stasis, myocardial degeneration and necrosis, and renal tubular nephrosis and necrosis. Ingested lead ammunition or fragments were found in 14.2 % of bald eagles and 11.8 % of golden eagles. The overall mean liver lead concentration (wet weight basis) for eagles diagnosed with lead poisoning was 28.9 ± 0.69 SE mg/kg in bald eagles and 19.4 ± 1.84 SE mg/kg in golden eagles. In eagles diagnosed with collision trauma, electrocution, poisoning (other than lead), emaciation, infectious disease, trapping death, other, and undetermined causes, average liver lead concentrations were low (<1 mg/kg) and did not differ among causes of mortality. Thus, based on our data, we found no evidence that lead exposure of eagles predisposed them to other causes of mortality.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-014-1337-0","usgsCitation":"Franson, J., and Russell, R.E., 2014, Lead and eagles: demographic and pathological characteristics of poisoning, and exposure levels associated with other causes of mortality: Ecotoxicology, v. 23, no. 9, p. 1722-1731, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1337-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1722","endPage":"1731","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-057908","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294426,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1337-0"}],"volume":"23","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5423cf0de4b037b608f9d3c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":95002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Russell, Robin E. 0000-0001-8726-7303 rerussell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8726-7303","contributorId":3998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Robin","email":"rerussell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70126745,"text":"70126745 - 2014 - Molecular identification of erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV) from the blood of Pacific herring (<i>Clupea pallasii</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T11:57:21","indexId":"70126745","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-24T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3685,"text":"Veterinary Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular identification of erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV) from the blood of Pacific herring (<i>Clupea pallasii</i>)","docAbstract":"<p>Viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) is a condition affecting the red blood cells of more than 20 species of marine and anadromous fishes in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. Among populations of Pacific herring (<i>Clupea pallasii</i>) on the west coast of North America the disease causes anemia and elevated mortality in periodic epizootics. Presently, VEN is diagnosed by observation of typical cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in stained blood smears from infected fish. The causative agent, erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV), is unculturable and a presumed iridovirus by electron microscopy. In vivo amplification of the virus in pathogen-free laboratory stocks of Pacific herring with subsequent virus concentration, purification, DNA extraction, and high-throughput sequencing were used to obtain genomic ENV sequences. Fragments with the highest sequence identity to the family <i>Iridoviridae</i> were used to design four sets of ENV-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers. Testing of blood and tissue samples from experimentally and wild infected Pacific herring as well as DNA extracted from other amphibian and piscine iridoviruses verified the assays were specific to ENV with a limit of detection of 0.0003 ng. Preliminary phylogenetic analyses of a 1448 bp fragment of the putative DNA polymerase gene supported inclusion of ENV in a proposed sixth genus of the family <i>Iridoviridae</i> that contains other erythrocytic viruses from ectothermic hosts. This study provides the first molecular evidence of ENV's inclusion within the <i>Iridoviridae</i> family and offers conventional PCR assays as a means of rapidly surveying the ENV-status of wild and propagated Pacific herring stocks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.08.028","usgsCitation":"Emmenegger, E.J., Glenn, J.A., Winton, J.R., Batts, W.N., Gregg, J., and Hershberger, P., 2014, Molecular identification of erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV) from the blood of Pacific herring (<i>Clupea pallasii</i>): Veterinary Microbiology, v. 174, no. 1-2, p. 16-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.08.028.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056752","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294427,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America, Pacific Ocean","volume":"174","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5423cf0ee4b037b608f9d3e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emmenegger, Eveline J. 0000-0001-5217-6030 eemmenegger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5217-6030","contributorId":2434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmenegger","given":"Eveline","email":"eemmenegger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glenn, Jolene A.","contributorId":86241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Jolene","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winton, James R. 0000-0002-3505-5509 jwinton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":1944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James","email":"jwinton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Batts, William N. 0000-0002-6469-9004 bbatts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6469-9004","contributorId":3815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batts","given":"William","email":"bbatts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gregg, Jacob L.","contributorId":30883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"Jacob L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hershberger, Paul K. phershberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul K.","email":"phershberger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70122723,"text":"fs20143082 - 2014 - Assessment of potential shale-oil and shale-gas resources in Silurian shales of Jordan, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-05T11:51:35","indexId":"fs20143082","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-24T12:57:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3082","title":"Assessment of potential shale-oil and shale-gas resources in Silurian shales of Jordan, 2014","docAbstract":"<p>Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated means of 11 million barrels of potential shale-oil and 320 billion cubic feet of shale-gas resources in Silurian shales of Jordan.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143082","collaboration":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment Project","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Pitman, J.K., Charpentier, R., Klett, T., Tennyson, M., Mercier, T.J., Nelson, P.H., Brownfield, M.E., Pawlewicz, M.J., and Wandrey, C.J., 2014, Assessment of potential shale-oil and shale-gas resources in Silurian shales of Jordan, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3082, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143082.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058043","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143082.jpg"},{"id":294423,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3082/"},{"id":294424,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3082/pdf/fs2014-3082.pdf"}],"country":"Jordan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 34.9583,29.185 ], [ 34.9583,33.3747 ], [ 39.3012,33.3747 ], [ 39.3012,29.185 ], [ 34.9583,29.185 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5423cf08e4b037b608f9d3b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitman, Janet K. 0000-0002-0441-779X jpitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-779X","contributorId":767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"Janet","email":"jpitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R. charpentier@usgs.gov","contributorId":934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","email":"charpentier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klett, Timothy R. 0000-0001-9779-1168 tklett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"Timothy R.","email":"tklett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tennyson, Marilyn E. 0000-0002-5166-2421 tennyson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-2421","contributorId":1433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tennyson","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"tennyson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mercier, Tracey J. 0000-0002-8232-525X tmercier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8232-525X","contributorId":2847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercier","given":"Tracey","email":"tmercier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brownfield, Michael E. 0000-0003-3633-1138 mbrownfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-1138","contributorId":1548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Michael","email":"mbrownfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pawlewicz, Mark J. pawlewicz@usgs.gov","contributorId":752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawlewicz","given":"Mark","email":"pawlewicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wandrey, Craig J. cwandrey@usgs.gov","contributorId":1590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandrey","given":"Craig","email":"cwandrey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70115963,"text":"sim3307 - 2014 - Nearshore bathymetric mapping along a 7-mile reach of Lake Sharpe shoreline near Lower Brule, South Dakota, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-15T15:39:36","indexId":"sim3307","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-24T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3307","title":"Nearshore bathymetric mapping along a 7-mile reach of Lake Sharpe shoreline near Lower Brule, South Dakota, 2013","docAbstract":"<p>Shoreline erosion rates along Lake Sharpe, a Missouri River reservoir, near the community of Lower Brule, South Dakota, were studied previously during 2011–12 by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Lower Brule Sioux Tribe, and Oglala Lakota College. The rapid shoreline retreat has caused many detrimental effects along the shoreline of Lake Sharpe, including losses of cultural sites, recreation access points, wildlife habitat, irrigated cropland, and landmass. The Lower Brule Sioux Tribe is considering options to reduce or stop erosion. One such option for consideration is the placement of discontinuous rock breakwater structures in shallow water to reduce wave action at shore. Information on the depth of water and stability characteristics of bottom material in nearshore areas of Lake Sharpe is needed by the Lower Brule Sioux Tribe to develop structural mitigation alternatives. To help address this need, a bathymetric survey of nearshore areas of Lake Sharpe near Lower Brule, South Dakota, was completed in 2013 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Lower Brule Sioux Tribe.</p><p>HYPACK® hydrographic survey software was used to plan data collection transects for a 7-mile reach of Lake Sharpe shoreline near Lower Brule, South Dakota. Regular data collection transects and oblique transects were planned to allow for quality-assurance/quality-control comparisons.</p><p>Two methods of data collection were used in the bathymetric survey: (1) measurement from a boat using bathymetric instrumentation where water was more than 2 feet deep, and (2) wading using Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System equipment on shore and where water was shallower than 2 feet deep. A dual frequency, 24- or 200-kilohertz narrow beam, depth transducer was used in conjunction with a Teledyne Odom CV100 dual frequency echosounder for boat-based data collection. In water too shallow for boat navigation, the elevation and nature of the reservoir bottom were mapped using Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System equipment.</p><p>Once the data collection effort was completed, data editing was performed in HYPACK® to remove erroneous data points and to apply water-surface elevations. Maps were developed separately for water depth and bottom elevation for the study area. Lines of equal water depth for 2, 3, 3.5, 4, and 5 feet from the water surface to the lake bottom were mapped in nearshore areas of Lake Sharpe. Overall, water depths stay shallow for quite a distance from shore. In the 288 transects that crossed a 2 foot depth line, this depth occurred an average of 88 feet from shore. Similarly, in the 317 transects that crossed a 3 foot depth line, this did not occur until an average of 343 feet from shore. Elevation contours of the lake bottom were mapped primarily for elevations ranging from 1,419 to 1,416 feet above North American Vertical Datum of 1988.</p><p>Horizontal errors of the Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System equipment for the study area are essentially inconsequential because water depth and bottom elevation were determined to change relatively slowly. The estimated vertical error associated with the Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System equipment for the study area ranges from 0.6 to 0.9 inch. This vertical error is small relative to the accuracy of the bathymetric data.</p><p>Accuracy assessments of the data collected for this study were computed according to the National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy. The maps showing the lines of equal water depth and elevation contours of the lake bottom are able to support a 1-foot contour interval at National Standards for Spatial Data Accuracy vertical accuracy standards, which require a vertical root mean squared error of 0.30 foot or better and a fundamental vertical accuracy calculated at the 95-percent confidence level of 0.60 foot or better.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3307","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lower Brule Sioux Tribe","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.F., 2014, Nearshore bathymetric mapping along a 7-mile reach of Lake Sharpe shoreline near Lower Brule, South Dakota, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3307, 2 Sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3307.","productDescription":"2 Sheets","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054566","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science 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,{"id":70121436,"text":"ds69HH - 2014 - Map of assessed tight-gas resources in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T16:39:57","indexId":"ds69HH","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-24T10:10:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69","chapter":"HH","title":"Map of assessed tight-gas resources in the United States","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents a digital map of tight-gas resource assessments in the United States as part of the U.S. Geological Survey&rsquo;s (USGS) National Assessment of Oil and Gas Project. Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the USGS quantitatively estimated potential volumes of undiscovered, technically recoverable natural gas resources within tight-gas assessment units (AUs). This is the second digital map product in a series of USGS unconventional oil and gas resource maps. The map plate included in this report can be printed in hard-copy form or downloaded in a Geographic Information System (GIS) data package, including an ArcGIS ArcMap document (.mxd), geodatabase (.gdb), and published map file (.pmf). In addition, the publication access table contains hyperlinks to current USGS tight-gas assessment publications and web pages.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds69HH","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey National Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources Project","usgsCitation":"Biewick, L., and USGS National Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources Team, 2014, Map of assessed tight-gas resources in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69, Report: iv, 6 p.; 1 Map: 17 x 131 in; Table; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69HH.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 6 p.; 1 Map: 17 x 131 in; Table; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050837","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds69hh.jpg"},{"id":294411,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-hh/pdf/dds69hh.pdf"},{"id":294409,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-hh/"},{"id":294410,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-hh/downloads/table_1.pdf"},{"id":294412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-hh/downloads/DDS69-HH_plate1.pdf"},{"id":294413,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-hh/downloads"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5423cf0de4b037b608f9d3d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biewick, Laura R. H. (compiler) lbiewick@usgs.gov","contributorId":92561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biewick","given":"Laura R. H.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"lbiewick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"USGS National Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources Team","contributorId":127873,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"USGS National Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources Team","id":535670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175228,"text":"70175228 - 2014 - Predicting foundation bunchgrass species abundances: Model-assisted decision-making in protected-area sagebrush steppe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-03T08:57:14","indexId":"70175228","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-24T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting foundation bunchgrass species abundances: Model-assisted decision-making in protected-area sagebrush steppe","docAbstract":"<p><span>Foundation species are structurally dominant members of ecological communities that can stabilize ecological processes and influence resilience to disturbance and resistance to invasion. Being common, they are often overlooked for conservation but are increasingly threatened from land use change, biological invasions, and over-exploitation. The pattern of foundation species abundances over space and time may be used to guide decision-making, particularly in protected areas for which they are iconic. We used ordinal logistic regression to identify the important environmental influences on the abundance patterns of bluebunch wheatgrass (</span><i>Pseudoroegneria spicata</i><span>), Thurber's needlegrass (</span><i>Achnatherum thurberianum</i><span>), and Sandberg bluegrass (</span><i>Poa secunda</i><span>) in protected-area sagebrush steppe. We then predicted bunchgrass abundances along gradients of topography, disturbance, and invasive annual grass abundance. We used model predictions to prioritize the landscape for implementation of a management and restoration decision-support tool. Models were fit to categorical estimates of grass cover obtained from an extensive ground-based monitoring dataset. We found that remnant stands of abundant wheatgrass and bluegrass were associated with steep north-facing slopes in higher and more remote portions of the landscape outside of recently burned areas where invasive annual grasses were less abundant. These areas represented only 25% of the landscape and were prioritized for protection efforts. Needlegrass was associated with south-facing slopes, but in low abundance and in association with invasive cheatgrass (</span><i>Bromus tectorum</i><span>). Abundances of all three species were strongly negatively correlated with occurrence of another invasive annual grass, medusahead (</span><i>Taeniatherum caput-medusae</i><span>). The rarity of priority bunchgrass stands underscored the extent of degradation and the need for prioritization. We found no evidence that insularity reduced invasibility; annual grass invasion represents a serious threat to protected-area bunchgrass communities. Our study area was entirely within the Wyoming big sagebrush ecological zone, understood to have inherently low resilience to disturbance and resistance to weed invasion. However, our study revealed important variation in abundance of the foundation species associated with resilience and resistance along the topographic-soil moisture gradient within this zone, providing an important foothold for conservation decision-making in these steppe ecosystems. We found the foundation species focus a parsimonious strategy linking monitoring to decision-making via biogeographic modeling.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1890/ES14-00169.1","usgsCitation":"Rodhouse, T., Irvine, K.M., Sheley, R.L., Smith, B.S., Hoh, S., Esposito, D.M., and Mata-Gonzalez, R., 2014, Predicting foundation bunchgrass species abundances: Model-assisted decision-making in protected-area sagebrush steppe: Ecosphere, v. 5, no. 9, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00169.1.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051059","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es14-00169.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":326006,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315cce4b006cb45558b43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodhouse, Thomas J.","contributorId":127378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodhouse","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irvine, Kathryn M. 0000-0002-6426-940X kirvine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-940X","contributorId":2218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Kathryn","email":"kirvine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheley, Roger L.","contributorId":167296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheley","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":24676,"text":"USDA-ARS, Burns Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Brenda S.","contributorId":173370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoh, Shirley","contributorId":173371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoh","given":"Shirley","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5106,"text":"National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wyoming 82190","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Esposito, Daniel M.","contributorId":173372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Esposito","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mata-Gonzalez, Ricardo","contributorId":173373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mata-Gonzalez","given":"Ricardo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70119724,"text":"ofr20141157 - 2014 - Surficial geologic map of the Red Rock Lakes area, southwest Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T16:55:14","indexId":"ofr20141157","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-23T16:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1157","title":"Surficial geologic map of the Red Rock Lakes area, southwest Montana","docAbstract":"<p>The Centennial Valley and Centennial Range continue to be formed by ongoing displacement on the Centennial fault. The dominant fault movement is downward, creating space in the valley for lakes and the deposition of sediment. The Centennial Valley originally drained to the northeast through a canyon now represented by a chain of lakes starting with Elk Lake. Subsequently, large landslides blocked and dammed the drainage, which created Lake Centennial, in the Centennial Valley. Sediments deposited in this late Pleistocene lake underlie much of the valley floor and rest on permeable sand and gravel deposited when the valley drained to the northeast. Cold Pleistocene climates enhanced colluvial supply of gravelly sediment to mountain streams and high peak flows carried gravelly sediment into the valley. There, the lower gradient of the streams resulted in deposition of alluvial fans peripheral to Lake Centennial as the lake lowered through time to the level of the two present lakes. Pleistocene glaciers formed in the high Centennial Range, built glacial moraines, and also supplied glacial outwash to the alluvial fans. Winds from the west and south blew sand to the northeast side of the valley building up high dunes.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The central part of the map area is flat, sloping to the west by only 0.6 meters in 13 kilometers (2 feet in 8 miles) to form a watery lowland. This lowland contains Upper and Lower Red Rock Lakes, many ponds, and peat lands inside the “water plane,” above which are somewhat steeper slopes. The permeable sands and gravels beneath Lake Centennial sediments provide a path for groundwater recharged from the adjacent uplands. This groundwater leaks upward through Lake Centennial sediments and sustains wetland vegetation into late summer. Upper and Lower Red Rock Lakes are formed by alluvial-fan dams. Alluvial fans converge from both the south and the north to form outlet thresholds that dam the two shallow lakes upstream. The surficial geology aids in understanding how the landscapes in and around the Red Rock Lakes Wildlife Refuge were formed and how they transmit water.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This report uses metric units except for altitudes that are also given in feet because contours on the base map are in feet and the reader would have to convert from metric units to feet to understand the map relationships.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141157","usgsCitation":"Pierce, K.L., Chesley-Preston, T., and Sojda, R., 2014, Surficial geologic map of the Red Rock Lakes area, southwest Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1157, Report: iv, 22 p.; 1 Plate: 60.97 x 40.57 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141157.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 22 p.; 1 Plate: 60.97 x 40.57 inches","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-038722","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294401,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141157.jpg"},{"id":294397,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1157/"},{"id":294398,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1157/pdf/ofr2014-1157_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":294399,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1157/pdf/ofr2014-1157.pdf"},{"id":294400,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1157/downloads/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Red Rock Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.50,44.25 ], [ -112.50,45.00 ], [ -111.00,45.00 ], [ -111.00,44.25 ], [ -112.50,44.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422baf9e4b08312ac7cee87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Kenneth L. kpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Kenneth","email":"kpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chesley-Preston, Tara L.","contributorId":58938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesley-Preston","given":"Tara L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sojda, Richard L.","contributorId":95822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sojda","given":"Richard L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70126551,"text":"ofr20141196 - 2014 - Report on workshop to incorporate basin response in the design of tall buildings in the Puget Sound region, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T16:28:44","indexId":"ofr20141196","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-23T16:17:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1196","title":"Report on workshop to incorporate basin response in the design of tall buildings in the Puget Sound region, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>On March 4, 2013, the City of Seattle and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) convened a workshop of 25 engineers and seismologists to provide recommendations to the City for the incorporation of amplification of earthquake ground shaking by the Seattle sedimentary basin in the design of tall buildings in Seattle. The workshop was initiated and organized by Susan Chang, a geotechnical engineer with the City of Seattle Department of Planning and Development, along with Art Frankel and Craig Weaver of the USGS. C.B. Crouse of URS Corporation, Seattle made key suggestions for the agenda. The USGS provided travel support for most of the out-of-town participants.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The agenda and invited attendees are given in the appendix. The attendees included geotechnical and structural engineers working in Seattle, engineers with experience utilizing basin response factors in other regions, and seismologists who have studied basin response in a variety of locations. In this report, we summarize the technical presentations and the recommendations from the workshop.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141196","usgsCitation":"Chang, S., Frankel, A.D., and Weaver, C.S., 2014, Report on workshop to incorporate basin response in the design of tall buildings in the Puget Sound region, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1196, v, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141196.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055787","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141196.PNG"},{"id":294394,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1196/"},{"id":294395,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1196/pdf/ofr2014-1196.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0859,47.0346 ], [ -123.0859,48.4526 ], [ -122.2023,48.4526 ], [ -122.2023,47.0346 ], [ -123.0859,47.0346 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422baf8e4b08312ac7cee79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, Susan","contributorId":39706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":1363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weaver, Craig S. craig@usgs.gov","contributorId":2690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"Craig","email":"craig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70123168,"text":"ds880 - 2014 - Data compilation for assessing sediment and toxic chemical loads from the Green River to the lower Duwamish Waterway, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T16:25:26","indexId":"ds880","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-23T16:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"880","title":"Data compilation for assessing sediment and toxic chemical loads from the Green River to the lower Duwamish Waterway, Washington","docAbstract":"Between February and June 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey collected representative samples of whole water, suspended sediment, and (or) bed sediment from a single strategically located site on the Duwamish River, Washington, during seven periods of different flow conditions. Samples were analyzed by Washington-State-accredited laboratories for a large suite of compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other semivolatile compounds, polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclors and the 209 congeners, metals, dioxins/furans, volatile organic compounds, pesticides, butyltins, hexavalent chromium, and total organic carbon. Chemical concentrations associated with bulk bed sediment (<2 mm) and fine bed sediment (<62.5 μm) fractions were compared to chemical concentrations associated with suspended sediment. Bulk bed sediment concentrations generally were lower than fine bed sediment and suspended-sediment concentrations. Concurrent with the chemistry sampling, additional parameters were measured, including instantaneous river discharge, suspended-sediment concentration, sediment particle-size distribution, and general water-quality parameters. From these data, estimates of instantaneous sediment and chemical loads from the Green River to the Lower Duwamish Waterway were calculated.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds880","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Ecology.","usgsCitation":"Conn, K., and Black, R.W., 2014, Data compilation for assessing sediment and toxic chemical loads from the Green River to the lower Duwamish Waterway, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 880, Report: vii, 46 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds880.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 46 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057062","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294393,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds880.jpg"},{"id":294392,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0880/pdf/ds880.pdf"},{"id":294390,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0880/"},{"id":294391,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0880/downloads/ds880_appendix_tables.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Duwamish Waterway","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.36615,47.473878 ], [ -122.36615,47.590952 ], [ -122.251396,47.590952 ], [ -122.251396,47.473878 ], [ -122.36615,47.473878 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422baf2e4b08312ac7cee41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conn, Kathleen E. 0000-0002-2334-6536 kconn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2334-6536","contributorId":3923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"Kathleen E.","email":"kconn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Black, Robert W. 0000-0002-4748-8213 rwblack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4748-8213","contributorId":1820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"Robert","email":"rwblack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70113397,"text":"70113397 - 2014 - Building a better sticky trap: description of an easy-to-use trap and pole mount for quantifying the abundance of adult aquatic insects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T15:45:20","indexId":"70113397","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-23T15:43:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Building a better sticky trap: description of an easy-to-use trap and pole mount for quantifying the abundance of adult aquatic insects","docAbstract":"Insect emergence is a fundamental process in freshwaters. It is a critical life-history stage for aquatic insects and provides an important prey resource for terrestrial and aquatic consumers. Sticky traps are increasingly being used to sample these insects. The most common design consists of an acetate sheet coated with a nondrying adhesive that is attached to a wire frame or cylinder. These traps must be prepared at the deployment site, a process that can be time consuming and difficult given the vagaries of field conditions. Our goals were to develop a sturdy, low-cost sticky trap that could be prepared in advance, rapidly deployed and recovered in the field, and used to estimate the flight direction of insects. We used 150-mm Petri dishes with lids. The dishes can be coated cleanly and consistently with Tangle-Trap® adhesive. Deploying traps is simple and requires only a pole set near the body of water being sampled. Four dishes can be attached to the pole using Velcro and aligned in 4 different directions to enable quantification of insect flight direction. After sampling, Petri dishes can be taped closed, packed in boxes, and stored indefinitely. Petri traps are comparable in price to standard acetate sheet traps at ∼US$0.50/directional deployment, but they require more space for storage than acetate sheet traps. However, a major benefit of Petri traps is that field deployment times are ⅓ those of acetate traps. Our study demonstrated that large Petri dishes are an ideal platform for sampling postemergent adult aquatic insects, particularly when the study design involves estimating flight direction and when rapid deployment and recovery of traps is critical.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Freshwater Science","doi":"10.1086/676998","usgsCitation":"Smith, J.T., Kennedy, T., and Muehlbauer, J.D., 2014, Building a better sticky trap: description of an easy-to-use trap and pole mount for quantifying the abundance of adult aquatic insects: Freshwater Science, v. 33, no. 3, p. 972-977, https://doi.org/10.1086/676998.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"972","endPage":"977","ipdsId":"IP-051958","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294387,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294386,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/676998"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422baeee4b08312ac7cee22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Joshua T. jtsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":5044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Joshua","email":"jtsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Theodore A. 0000-0003-3477-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-3629","contributorId":50227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Theodore A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muehlbauer, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1808-580X jmuehlbauer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-580X","contributorId":5045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muehlbauer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jmuehlbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70115102,"text":"70115102 - 2014 - Biodiversity and community composition of sediment macrofauna associated with deep-sea <i>Lophelia pertusa</i> habitats in the Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T13:36:29","indexId":"70115102","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-23T15:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1369,"text":"Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biodiversity and community composition of sediment macrofauna associated with deep-sea <i>Lophelia pertusa</i> habitats in the Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"Scleractinian corals create three-dimensional reefs that provide sheltered refuges, facilitate sediment accumulation, and enhance colonization of encrusting fauna. While heterogeneous coral habitats can harbor high levels of biodiversity, their effect on the community composition within nearby sediments remains unclear, particularly in the deep sea. Sediment macrofauna from deep-sea coral habitats (<i>Lophelia pertusa</i>) and non-coral, background sediments were examined at three sites in the northern Gulf of Mexico (VK826, VK906, MC751, 350–500 m depth) to determine whether macrofaunal abundance, diversity, and community composition near corals differed from background soft-sediments. Macrofaunal densities ranged from 26 to 125 individuals 32 cm<sup>−2</sup> and were significantly greater near coral versus background sediments only at VK826. Of the 86 benthic invertebrate taxa identified, 16 were exclusive to near-coral habitats, while 14 were found only in background sediments. Diversity (Fisher’s α) and evenness were significantly higher within near-coral sediments only at MC751 while taxon richness was similar among all habitats. Community composition was significantly different both between near-coral and background sediments and among the three primary sites. Polychaetes numerically dominated all samples, accounting for up to 70% of the total individuals near coral, whereas peracarid crustaceans were proportionally more abundant in background sediments (18%) than in those near coral (10%). The reef effect differed among sites, with community patterns potentially influenced by the size of reef habitat. Taxon turnover occurred with distance from the reef, suggesting that reef extent may represent an important factor in structuring sediment communities near <i>L. pertusa</i>. Polychaete communities in both habitats differed from other Gulf of Mexico (GOM) soft sediments based on data from previous studies, and we hypothesize that local environmental conditions found near <i>L. pertusa</i> may influence the macrofaunal community structure beyond the edges of the reef. This study represents the first assessment of L. <i>pertusa</i>-associated sediment communities in the GOM and provides baseline data that can help define the role of transition zones, from deep reefs to soft sediments, in shaping macrofaunal community structure and maintaining biodiversity; this information can help guide future conservation and management activities.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr.2014.07.014","usgsCitation":"Demopoulos, A., Bourque, J.R., and Frometa, J., 2014, Biodiversity and community composition of sediment macrofauna associated with deep-sea <i>Lophelia pertusa</i> habitats in the Gulf of Mexico: Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers, v. 93, p. 91-103, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.07.014.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"103","ipdsId":"IP-049709","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294383,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294382,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.07.014"}],"country":"Mexico;United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.86,18.18 ], [ -97.86,30.4 ], [ -81.04,30.4 ], [ -81.04,18.18 ], [ -97.86,18.18 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"93","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bae9e4b08312ac7cee13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demopoulos, Amanda W.J. 0000-0003-2096-4694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-4694","contributorId":28938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demopoulos","given":"Amanda W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bourque, Jill R. 0000-0003-3809-2601 jbourque@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3809-2601","contributorId":5452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourque","given":"Jill","email":"jbourque@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frometa, Janessy","contributorId":26237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frometa","given":"Janessy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70169034,"text":"70169034 - 2014 - The effects of hydropattern and predator communities on amphibian occupancy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-11T13:52:22","indexId":"70169034","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-23T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of hydropattern and predator communities on amphibian occupancy","docAbstract":"<p><span>Complex, interactive ecological constraints regulate species distributions, and understanding these factors is crucial for predicting species persistence. We used occupancy analysis, which corrects for imperfect detection, to test the importance of abiotic and biotic habitat and landscape factors on probability of occupancy by Boreal Chorus Frog (</span><i>Pseudacris maculata</i><span>&nbsp;(Agassiz, 1850)) tadpoles. We hypothesized that hydropattern and predators are primarily important because they affect desiccation and predation risk and can interact in ways difficult to predict. We surveyed 62 wetland sites across an elevational gradient in Colorado, USA, and modeled patterns in&nbsp;</span><i>P.</i><i>&nbsp;maculata</i><span>&nbsp;occupancy. Tadpoles were most frequently present in intermediate-length hydropattern systems with lower desiccation risk and no predatory fish because of occasional drying.&nbsp;</span><i>Pseudacris maculata</i><span>&nbsp;occupancy had a strong negative relationship with fish presence, while tadpoles, odonate larvae, and Barred Tiger Salamanders (</span><i>Ambystoma mavortium mavortium</i><span>&nbsp;Baird, 1850) frequently co-occurred. Dry seasonal conditions will likely result in fewer intermediate-length hydropattern ponds available for amphibian breeding. We hypothesize that this will force&nbsp;</span><i>P.</i><i>&nbsp;maculata</i><span>&nbsp;to breed in habitats with fish. As habitats shrink, predators that co-occur with&nbsp;</span><i>P.</i><i>&nbsp;maculata</i><span>&nbsp;are expected to concentrate in the remaining habitat and increase predation risk for developing tadpoles (assuming predators are similarly constricted in their habitat use as amphibians are).</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Research Council","publisherLocation":"Ottawa","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2014-0106","collaboration":"S.A. Amburgey; L.L. Bailey; M. Murphy; E. Muths; W.C. Funk","usgsCitation":"Amburgey, S., Bailey, L., Murphy, M., Muths, E.L., and Funk, W., 2014, The effects of hydropattern and predator communities on amphibian occupancy: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 92, no. 11, p. 927-937, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0106.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"927","endPage":"937","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064686","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318826,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Funk, W. C.","contributorId":167546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Funk","given":"W. C.","affiliations":[{"id":24744,"text":"Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70126502,"text":"70126502 - 2014 - Organization of marine phenology data in support of planning and conservation in ocean and coastal ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-10T16:25:42","indexId":"70126502","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-23T14:16:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1457,"text":"Ecological Informatics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organization of marine phenology data in support of planning and conservation in ocean and coastal ecosystems","docAbstract":"Among the many effects of climate change is its influence on the phenology of biota. In marine and coastal ecosystems, phenological shifts have been documented for multiple life forms; however, biological data related to marine species' phenology remain difficult to access and is under-used. We conducted an assessment of potential sources of biological data for marine species and their availability for use in phenological analyses and assessments. Our evaluations showed that data potentially related to understanding marine species' phenology are available through online resources of governmental, academic, and non-governmental organizations, but appropriate datasets are often difficult to discover and access, presenting opportunities for scientific infrastructure improvement. The developing Federal Marine Data Architecture when fully implemented will improve data flow and standardization for marine data within major federal repositories and provide an archival repository for collaborating academic and public data contributors. Another opportunity, largely untapped, is the engagement of citizen scientists in standardized collection of marine phenology data and contribution of these data to established data flows. Use of metadata with marine phenology related keywords could improve discovery and access to appropriate datasets. When data originators choose to self-publish, publication of research datasets with a digital object identifier, linked to metadata, will also improve subsequent discovery and access. Phenological changes in the marine environment will affect human economics, food systems, and recreation. No one source of data will be sufficient to understand these changes. The collective attention of marine data collectors is needed—whether with an agency, an educational institution, or a citizen scientist group—toward adopting the data management processes and standards needed to ensure availability of sufficient and useable marine data to understand marine phenology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Informatics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.007","usgsCitation":"Thomas, K.A., Fornwall, M.D., Weltzin, J., and Griffis, R., 2014, Organization of marine phenology data in support of planning and conservation in ocean and coastal ecosystems: Ecological Informatics, v. 24, p. 169-176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.007.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-057863","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294367,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.007"}],"volume":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422baf7e4b08312ac7cee6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Kathryn A. 0000-0002-7131-8564 kathryn_a_thomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7131-8564","contributorId":167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Kathryn","email":"kathryn_a_thomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fornwall, Mark D.","contributorId":78659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fornwall","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weltzin, Jake F.","contributorId":51005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffis, R.B.","contributorId":65017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffis","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70123803,"text":"ofr20141195 - 2014 - A compilation of K-Ar-ages for southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T15:34:48","indexId":"ofr20141195","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-23T14:07:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1195","title":"A compilation of K-Ar-ages for southern California","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this report is to make available a large body of conventional K-Ar ages for granitic, volcanic, and metamorphic rocks collected in southern California. Although one interpretive map is included, the report consists primarily of a systematic listing, without discussion or interpretation, of published and unpublished ages that may be of value in future regional and other geologic studies.</p>\n<br/>\n<p> From 1973 to 1979, 468 rock samples from southern California were collected for conventional K-Ar dating under a regional geologic mapping project of Southern California (predecessor of the Southern California Areal Mapping Project). Most samples were collected and dated between 1974 and 1977. For 61 samples (13 percent of those collected), either they were discarded for varying reasons, or the original collection data were lost. For the remaining samples, 518 conventional K-Ar ages are reported here; coexisting mineral pairs were dated from many samples. Of these K-Ar ages, 225 are previously unpublished, and identified as such in table 1. All K-Ar ages are by conventional K-Ar analysis; no <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar dating was done.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Subsequent to the rock samples collected in the 1970s and reported here, 33 samples were collected and 38 conventional K-Ar ages determined under projects directed at (1) characterization of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic igneous rocks in and on both sides of the Transverse Ranges and (2) clarifying the Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonics of the eastern Mojave Desert. Although previously published (Beckerman et al., 1982), another eight samples and 11 conventional K-Ar ages are included here, because they augment those completed under the previous two projects.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141195","usgsCitation":"Miller, F.K., Morton, D.M., Morton, J.L., and Miller, D., 2014, A compilation of K-Ar-ages for southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1195, Report: iii, 3 p.; 2 Plates: 22.64 x 17.02 inches; 1 Table, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141195.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 3 p.; 2 Plates: 22.64 x 17.02 inches; 1 Table","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-039180","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141195.JPG"},{"id":294362,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1195/downloads/ofr2014-1195_fig2.pdf"},{"id":294363,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1195/downloads/ofr2014-1195_table1.docx"},{"id":294360,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1195/pdf/ofr2014-1195.pdf"},{"id":294361,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1195/downloads/ofr2014-1195_fig1.pdf"},{"id":293509,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1195/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.00,33.25 ], [ -119.00,35.50 ], [ -115.00,35.50 ], [ -115.00,33.25 ], [ -119.00,33.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bae5e4b08312ac7cedf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Fred K.","contributorId":89503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":500294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morton, Janet L.","contributorId":37269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":1707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70118078,"text":"70118078 - 2014 - A generalization of the double-corner-frequency source spectral model and its use in the SCEC BBP validation exercise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-10T16:23:32","indexId":"70118078","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-23T13:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A generalization of the double-corner-frequency source spectral model and its use in the SCEC BBP validation exercise","docAbstract":"The stochastic method of simulating ground motions requires the specification of the shape and scaling with magnitude of the source spectrum.  The spectral models commonly used are either single-corner-frequency or double-corner-frequency models, but the latter have no flexibility to vary the high-frequency spectral levels for a specified seismic moment. Two generalized double-corner-frequency ω<sup>2</sup> source spectral models are introduced, one in which two spectra are multiplied together, and another where they are added.  Both models have a low-frequency dependence controlled by the seismic moment, and a high-frequency spectral level controlled by the seismic moment and a stress parameter.  A wide range of spectral shapes can be obtained from these generalized spectral models, which makes them suitable for inversions of data to obtain spectral models that can be used in ground-motion simulations in situations where adequate data are not available for purely empirical determinations of ground motions, as in stable continental regions.  As an example of the use of the generalized source spectral models, data from up to 40 stations from seven events, plus response spectra at two distances and two magnitudes from recent ground-motion prediction equations, were inverted to obtain the parameters controlling the spectral shapes, as well as a finite-fault factor that is used in point-source, stochastic-method simulations of ground motion.  The fits to the data are comparable to or even better than those from finite-fault simulations, even for sites close to large earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120140138","usgsCitation":"Boore, D.M., Di Alessandro, C., and Abrahamson, N., 2014, A generalization of the double-corner-frequency source spectral model and its use in the SCEC BBP validation exercise: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 104, no. 5, p. 2387-2398, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140138.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2387","endPage":"2398","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-057075","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294349,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294347,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120140138"}],"volume":"104","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bae7e4b08312ac7cedfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Di Alessandro, Carola","contributorId":43436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Di Alessandro","given":"Carola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abrahamson, Norman A.","contributorId":45202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abrahamson","given":"Norman A.","affiliations":[{"id":13174,"text":"Pacific Gas & Electric","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":496237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70115047,"text":"sir20145120 - 2014 - Digital database of microfossil localities in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T13:04:54","indexId":"sir20145120","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-23T13:22:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5120","title":"Digital database of microfossil localities in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California","docAbstract":"The eastern San Francisco Bay region (Contra Costa and Alameda Counties, California) is a geologically complex area divided by faults into a suite of tectonic blocks. Each block contains a unique stratigraphic sequence of Tertiary sediments that in most blocks unconformably overlie Mesozoic sediments. Age and environmental interpretations based on analysis of microfossil assemblages are key factors in interpreting geologic history, structure, and correlation of each block. Much of this data, however, is distributed in unpublished internal reports and memos, and is generally unavailable to the geologic community. In this report the U.S. Geological Survey microfossil data from the Tertiary sediments of Alameda and Contra Costa counties are analyzed and presented in a digital database, which provides a user-friendly summary of the micropaleontologic data, locality information, and biostratigraphic and ecologic interpretations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145120","usgsCitation":"McDougall, K., and Block, D.L., 2014, Digital database of microfossil localities in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5120, Report: viii, 108 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 x 20.00 inches; Metadata; Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145120.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 108 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 x 20.00 inches; Metadata; Dataset","numberOfPages":"116","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044478","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294344,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145120.jpg"},{"id":289273,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5120/"},{"id":294342,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5120/downloads/sir2014-5120_metadata.html"},{"id":294343,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5120/downloads/sir2014-5120_dataset.kmz"},{"id":294340,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5120/pdf/sir2014-5120.pdf"},{"id":294341,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5120/pdf/sir2014-5120_plate1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Alameda County;Contra Costa County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.50,37.50 ], [ -122.50,38.166667 ], [ -121.666667,38.166667 ], [ -121.666667,37.50 ], [ -122.50,37.50 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422baf4e4b08312ac7cee50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDougall, Kristin 0000-0002-8788-3664","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-3664","contributorId":85610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougall","given":"Kristin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Block, Debra L. 0000-0001-7348-3064 dblock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-3064","contributorId":3587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Block","given":"Debra","email":"dblock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70137955,"text":"70137955 - 2014 - Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM) ‐ New functionality for predicting changes in distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in response to sea level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T16:24:46","indexId":"70137955","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-23T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM) ‐ New functionality for predicting changes in distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in response to sea level rise","docAbstract":"<h1>Introduction</h1>\n<p>Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) is an ecologically important habitat world‐wide. In Pacific Northwest (PNW) estuaries, SAV in the lower intertidal and shallow subtidal habitats are dominated by the native seagrass, <i>Zostera marina</i> Linnaeus, 1753. Within this report, SAV and seagrass refer to <i>Z. marina</i> seagrass beds in PNW estuaries. <i>Z. marina</i> provides important habitat for juvenile salmon, dungeness crabs, migratory shore birds, and benthic assemblages (e.g., Philips, 1984; Williamson, 2006; Ferraro and Cole, 2007; Shaughnessy et al., 2012). <i>Z. marina</i> typically occurs in a narrow depth range. For example, in Oregon estuaries <i>Zostera marina</i> primarily occurs within the depth range of ‐1 to +1 m relative to Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW) (Young et al. 2012). Because of their narrow depth range, the distribution of these seagrass beds are potentially vulnerable to sea level rise (SLR) through increased water depths and associated reductions in underwater light levels, alterations in tidal variations, altered water movement and wave action, and increased seawater intrusion (Short and Neckles, 1999).</p>\n<p>The &ldquo;Sea‐Level Affecting Marshes Model&rdquo; (SLAMM) is a moderate resolution model used to predict the effects of sea level rise on marsh habitats (Craft et al. 2009). SLAMM has been used extensively on both the west coast (e.g., Glick et al., 2007) and east coast (e.g., Geselbracht et al., 2011) of the United States to evaluate potential changes in the distribution and extent of tidal marsh habitats. However, a limitation of the current version of SLAMM, (Version 6.2) is that it lacks the ability to model distribution changes in seagrass habitat resulting from sea level rise. Because of the ecological importance of SAV habitats, U.S. EPA, USGS, and USDA partnered with Warren Pinnacle Consulting to enhance the SLAMM modeling software to include new functionality in order to predict changes in <i>Zostera marina</i> distribution within Pacific Northwest estuaries in response to sea level rise. Specifically, the objective was to develop a SAV model that used generally available GIS data and parameters that were predictive and that could be customized for other estuaries that have GIS layers of existing SAV distribution. This report describes the procedure used to develop the SAV model for the Yaquina Bay Estuary, Oregon, appends a statistical script based on the open source R software to generate a similar SAV model for other estuaries that have data layers of existing SAV, and describes how to incorporate the model coefficients from the site‐specific SAV model into SLAMM to predict the effects of sea level rise on <i>Zostera marina</i> distributions. To demonstrate the applicability of the R tools, we utilize them to develop model coefficients for Willapa Bay, Washington using site‐specific SAV data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Lee II, H., Reusser, D.A., Frazier, M.R., McCoy, L.M., Clinton, P.J., and Clough, J.S., 2014, Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM) ‐ New functionality for predicting changes in distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in response to sea level rise, iv, 50 p.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059942","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320579,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Yaquina Bay Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.6,\n              45\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.6,\n              47\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.5,\n              47\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.5,\n              45\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.6,\n              45\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57209138e4b071321fe65694","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee II, Henry","contributorId":138672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee II","given":"Henry","affiliations":[{"id":12485,"text":"Pacific Coastal Ecology Branch, Western Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Newport, Oregon, 97365","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reusser, Deborah A. dreusser@usgs.gov","contributorId":2423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reusser","given":"Deborah","email":"dreusser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frazier, Melanie R","contributorId":138673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frazier","given":"Melanie","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":12486,"text":"National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State St. Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCoy, Lee M","contributorId":138674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCoy","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":12487,"text":"Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Newport, OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clinton, Patrick J.","contributorId":138675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clinton","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12485,"text":"Pacific Coastal Ecology Branch, Western Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Newport, Oregon, 97365","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clough, Jonathan S.","contributorId":138676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clough","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12488,"text":"Warren Pinnacle Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 351, Waitsfield VT, 05673","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70122869,"text":"sir20145170 - 2014 - Concentrations, loads, and yields of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and suspended sediment and bacteria concentrations in the Wister Lake Basin, Oklahoma and Arkansas, 2011-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T11:45:55","indexId":"sir20145170","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-23T11:36:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5170","title":"Concentrations, loads, and yields of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and suspended sediment and bacteria concentrations in the Wister Lake Basin, Oklahoma and Arkansas, 2011-13","docAbstract":"<p>The Poteau Valley Improvement Authority uses Wister Lake in southeastern Oklahoma as a public water supply. Total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and suspended sediments from agricultural runoff and discharges from wastewater treatment plants and other sources have degraded water quality in the lake. As lake-water quality has degraded, water-treatment cost, chemical usage, and sludge production have increased for the Poteau Valley Improvement Authority.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Poteau Valley Improvement Authority, investigated and summarized concentrations of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, suspended sediment, and bacteria (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus sp.) in surface water flowing to Wister Lake. Estimates of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and suspended sediment loads, yields, and flow-weighted mean concentrations of total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations were made for the Wister Lake Basin for a 3-year period from October 2010 through September 2013. Data from water samples collected at fixed time increments during base-flow conditions and during runoff conditions at the Poteau River at Loving, Okla. (USGS station 07247015), the Poteau River near Heavener, Okla. (USGS station 07247350), and the Fourche Maline near Leflore, Okla. (USGS station 07247650), water-quality stations were used to evaluate water quality over the range of streamflows in the basin. These data also were collected to estimate annual constituent loads and yields by using regression models.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>At the Poteau River stations, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and suspended sediment concentrations in surface-water samples were significantly larger in samples collected during runoff conditions than in samples collected during base-flow conditions. At the Fourche Maline station, in contrast, concentrations of these constituents in water samples collected during runoff conditions were not significantly larger than concentrations during base-flow conditions. Flow-weighted mean total phosphorus concentrations at all three stations from 2011 to 2013 were several times larger than the Oklahoma State Standard for Scenic Rivers (0.037 milligrams per liter [mg/L]), with the largest flow-weighted phosphorus concentrations typically being measured at the Poteau River at Loving, Okla., station. Flow-weighted mean total nitrogen concentrations did not vary substantially between the Poteau River stations and the Fourche Maline near Leflore, Okla., station. At all of the sampled water-quality stations, bacteria (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus sp.) concentrations were substantially larger in water samples collected during runoff conditions than in water samples collected during base-flow conditions from 2011 to 2013.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Estimated annual loads of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and suspended sediment in the Poteau River stations during runoff conditions ranged from 82 to 98 percent of the total annual loads of those constituents. Estimated annual loads of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and suspended sediment in the Fourche Maline during runoff conditions ranged from 86 to nearly 100 percent of the total annual loads.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Estimated seasonal total phosphorus loads generally were smallest during base-flow and runoff conditions in autumn. Estimated seasonal total phosphorus loads during base-flow conditions tended to be largest in winter and during runoff conditions tended to be largest in the spring. Estimated seasonal total nitrogen loads tended to be smallest in autumn during base-flow and runoff conditions and largest in winter during runoff conditions. Estimated seasonal suspended sediment loads tended to be smallest during base-flow conditions in the summer and smallest during runoff conditions in the autumn. The largest estimated seasonal suspended sediment loads during runoff conditions typically were in the spring.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The estimated mean annual total phosphorus yield was largest at the Poteau River at Loving, Okla., water-quality station. The estimated mean annual total phosphorus yield was largest during base flow at the Poteau River at Loving, Okla., water-quality station and at both of the Poteau River water-quality stations during runoff conditions. The estimated mean annual total nitrogen yields were largest at the Poteau River water-quality stations. Estimated mean annual total nitrogen yields were largest during base-flow and runoff conditions at the Poteau River at Loving, Okla., water-quality station. The estimated mean annual suspended sediment yield was largest at the Poteau River near Heavener, Okla., water-quality station during base-flow and runoff conditions.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Flow-weighted mean concentrations indicated that total phosphorus inputs from the Poteau River Basin in the Wister Lake Basin were larger than from the Fourche Maline Basin. Flow-weighted mean concentrations of total nitrogen did not vary spatially in a consistent manner.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The Poteau River and the Fourche Maline contributed estimated annual total phosphorus loads of 137 to 278 tons per year (tons/yr) to Wister Lake. Between 89 and 95 percent of the annual total phosphorus loads were transported to Wister Lake during runoff conditions. The Poteau River and the Fourche Maline contributed estimated annual total nitrogen loads of 657 to 1,294 tons/yr, with 86 to 94 percent of the annual total nitrogen loads being transported to Wister Lake during runoff conditions. The Poteau River and the Fourche Maline contributed estimated annual total suspended sediment loads of 110,919 to 234,637 tons/yr, with 94 to 99 percent of the annual suspended sediment loads being transported to Wister Lake during runoff conditions. Most of the total phosphorus and suspended sediment were delivered to Wister Lake during runoff conditions in the spring. The majority of the total nitrogen was delivered to Wister Lake during runoff conditions in winter.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145170","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Poteau Valley Improvement Authority","usgsCitation":"Buck, S.D., 2014, Concentrations, loads, and yields of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and suspended sediment and bacteria concentrations in the Wister Lake Basin, Oklahoma and Arkansas, 2011-13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5170, viii, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145170.","productDescription":"viii, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"50","ipdsId":"IP-055951","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145170.jpg"},{"id":294323,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5170/"},{"id":294324,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5170/pdf/sir2014-5170.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Arkansas;Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Wister Lake Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.333333,34.666667 ], [ -95.333333,35.166667 ], [ -93.833333,35.166667 ], [ -93.833333,34.666667 ], [ -95.333333,34.666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422baf0e4b08312ac7cee34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buck, Stephanie D. sbuck@usgs.gov","contributorId":4622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buck","given":"Stephanie","email":"sbuck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":499695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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