A range of observations indicates widespread subsurface ice throughout the mid and high latitudes of Mars in the form of both pore-filling and excess ice. It is generally thought that this ice was recently emplaced and is not older than a hundred thousand to a few millions of years old based on ice stability and orbital-induced climate change. We analyze the distribution of subsurface ice in Arcadia Planitia, located in the northern mid latitudes, by mapping thermokarstically expanded secondary craters, providing additional evidence for extensive excess ice down to fairly low latitudes (less than 40°N). We further infer the minimum age of this subsurface ice based on the ages of the four primary craters that are thought to be the source of a large portion of these secondaries, which yields estimates on the order of tens of millions of years old – much more ancient than anticipated. This estimated ancient age suggests that ice can be preserved in the shallow subsurface for long periods of time, at least in some parts of Arcadia Planitia where expanded secondary craters are especially abundant. We estimate the amount of ice lost to sublimation during crater expansion based on measurements of expanded secondary craters in HiRISE Digital Terrain Models. The loss is equivalent to a volume of ice between ∼140 and 360 km3, which would correspond to a global layer of 1–2.5 mm thick. We further argue that much more ice (at least 6000 km3) is likely preserved beneath the un-cratered regions of Arcadia Planitia since significant loss of this excess ice would have caused extensive terrain dissection and the removal of the expanded secondary craters. Both the loss of ice due to secondary crater expansion and the presence of this ice today have implications for the martian climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2014.10.032","usgsCitation":"Viola, D., McEwen, A.S., Dundas, C.M., and Byrne, S., 2015, Expanded secondary craters in the Arcadia Planitia region, Mars: evidence for tens of Myr-old shallow subsurface ice: Icarus, v. 248, p. 190-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.10.032.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"204","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059094","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297012,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars, Arcadia Planitia Region","volume":"248","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a76e4b08de9379b307c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Viola, Donna","contributorId":127526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Viola","given":"Donna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Byrne, Shane","contributorId":53513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Shane","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70134481,"text":"ofr20141221 - 2015 - Geological sampling data and benthic biota classification: Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T18:24:50","indexId":"ofr20141221","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-07T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1221","title":"Geological sampling data and benthic biota classification: Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Sea-floor sample collection is an important component of a statewide cooperative mapping effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM). Sediment grab samples, bottom photographs, and video transects were collected within Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay in 2010 aboard the research vesselConnecticut. This report contains sample data and related information, including analyses of surficial-sediment grab samples, locations and images of sea-floor photography, survey lines along which sea-floor video was collected, and a classification of benthic biota observed in sea-floor photographs and based on the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). These sample data and analyses information are used to verify interpretations of geophysical data and are an essential part of geologic maps of the sea floor. These data also provide a valuable inventory of benthic habitat and resources. Geographic information system (GIS) data, maps, and interpretations, produced through the USGS and CZM mapping cooperative, are intended to aid efforts to manage coastal and marine resources and to provide baseline information for research focused on coastal evolution and environmental change.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141221","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management.","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, S.D., Pappal, A.L., Huntley, E.C., Blackwood, D.S., and Schwab, W.C., 2015, Geological sampling data and benthic biota classification: Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1221, Report: vii, 30 p.; HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141221.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 30 p.; HTML Document","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051767","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297011,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141221.jpg"},{"id":297009,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1221/"},{"id":297010,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1221/pdf/ofr2014-1221_report_508.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.52 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297527,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1221/ofr2014-1221-title_page.html","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.12686157226562,\n 41.49314949080981\n ],\n [\n -70.84259033203125,\n 41.33763822308113\n ],\n [\n -70.49240112304688,\n 41.55792157780418\n ],\n [\n -70.62835693359375,\n 41.78257704086764\n ],\n [\n -71.12686157226562,\n 41.49314949080981\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a82e4b08de9379b30b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, Seth D. 0000-0003-0945-2794 sackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0945-2794","contributorId":178676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Seth","email":"sackerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pappal, Adrienne L.","contributorId":127623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pappal","given":"Adrienne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7088,"text":"Massachusetts Coastal Zone Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huntley, Emily C.","contributorId":127624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huntley","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7088,"text":"Massachusetts Coastal Zone Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blackwood, Dann S. dblackwood@usgs.gov","contributorId":2457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"Dann","email":"dblackwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70134484,"text":"ofr20141220 - 2015 - Shallow geology, sea-floor texture, and physiographic zones of Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T18:29:23","indexId":"ofr20141220","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-07T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1220","title":"Shallow geology, sea-floor texture, and physiographic zones of Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Geologic, sediment texture, and physiographic zone maps characterize the sea floor of Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141220","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management.","usgsCitation":"Foster, D.S., Baldwin, W.E., Barnhardt, W.A., Schwab, W.C., Ackerman, S.D., Andrews, B.D., Pendleton, E.A., 2016, Shallow geology, sea-floor texture, and physiographic zones of Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts (ver. 1.1, June 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014–1220, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141220.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056003","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297008,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141220.png","description":"OFR 2014-1220"},{"id":322124,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1220/versionHist.txt","size":"2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2014-1220"},{"id":297006,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1220"},{"id":297007,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1220/ofr2014-1220-title_page.html","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2014-1220"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Buzzards Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.11038208007812,\n 41.529141988723104\n ],\n [\n -70.70388793945312,\n 41.7856490686444\n ],\n [\n -70.56381225585938,\n 41.72315557551985\n ],\n [\n -70.65170288085938,\n 41.52502957323801\n ],\n [\n -70.96343994140625,\n 41.395354710280166\n ],\n [\n -71.11038208007812,\n 41.529141988723104\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted January 7, 2015; Version 1.1: June 21, 2016","contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Quissett Campus
Woods Hole, MA 02543
http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/
Fish stock-recruitment dynamics may be difficult to elucidate because of nonstationary relationships resulting from shifting environmental conditions and fluctuations in important vital rates such as individual growth or maturation. The Great Lakes have experienced environmental stressors that may have changed population demographics and stock-recruitment relationships while causing the declines of several prey fish species, including rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax). We investigated changes in the size and maturation of rainbow smelt in Lake Michigan and Lake Huron and recruitment dynamics of the Lake Michigan stock over the past four decades. Mean lengths and length-at-maturation of rainbow smelt generally declined over time in both lakes. To evaluate recruitment, we used both a Ricker model and a Kalman filter-random walk (KF-RW) model which incorporated nonstationarity in stock productivity by allowing the productivity term to vary over time. The KF-RW model explained nearly four times more variation in recruitment than the Ricker model, indicating the productivity of the Lake Michigan stock has increased. By accounting for this nonstationarity, we were able identify significant variations in stock productivity, evaluate its importance to rainbow smelt recruitment, and speculate on potential environmental causes for the shift. Our results suggest that investigating mechanisms driving nonstationary shifts in stock-recruit relationships can provide valuable insights into temporal variation in fish population dynamics.
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Cinclodes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T15:15:22","indexId":"70136576","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-05T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphological divergence in a continental adaptive radiation: South American ovenbirds of the genus Cinclodes","docAbstract":"Cinclodes is an ecologically diverse genus of South American passerine birds and represents a case of continental adaptive radiation along multiple axes. We investigated morphological diversification in Cinclodes using a comprehensive set of morphometric measurements of study skins. Principal component analysis identified 2 primary axes of morphological variation: one describing body size and a second capturing differences in wing-tip shape and toe length. Phylogenetic analyses of the first principal component suggest an early divergence ofCinclodes into 2 main clades characterized by large and small body sizes. We suggest that 2 morphological outliers within these main clades (C. antarcticus and C. palliatus) may be cases of island gigantism and that a third (C. patagonicus) may reflect ecological character displacement. Despite its ecological and physiological diversity, the genus Cinclodes does not appear to show morphological diversity beyond what is typical of other avian genera.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/AUK-14-49.1","usgsCitation":"Rader, J.A., Dillon, M.E., Chesser, R., Sabat, P., and Martinez del Rio, C., 2015, Morphological divergence in a continental adaptive radiation: South American ovenbirds of the genus Cinclodes: The Auk, v. 132, no. 1, p. 180-190, https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-14-49.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"180","endPage":"190","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052754","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/auk-14-49.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a9ae4b08de9379b3130","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rader, Jonathan A.","contributorId":131178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rader","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7269,"text":"Univ. of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillon, Michael E.","contributorId":131179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dillon","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7269,"text":"Univ. of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chesser, R. Terry 0000-0003-4389-7092 tchesser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-7092","contributorId":894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"R. Terry","email":"tchesser@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sabat, Pablo","contributorId":131180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sabat","given":"Pablo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7270,"text":"Univ. of Chile","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martinez del Rio, Carlos","contributorId":131181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez del Rio","given":"Carlos","affiliations":[{"id":7269,"text":"Univ. of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70239258,"text":"70239258 - 2015 - A crustal structure model of the Beaufort-Mackenzie Margin, southern Canada Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-05T12:58:38.495393","indexId":"70239258","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-05T06:55:11","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A crustal structure model of the Beaufort-Mackenzie Margin, southern Canada Basin","docAbstract":"Canada and the United States collaborated in geophysical survey operations in the Amerasia Basin from 2007 to 2011 using the Canadian icebreaker CCGS Louis S. St. Laurent and the US icebreaker USCGC Healy. Over 15000 km of bathymetry, sub-bottom profiles, and 16-channel seismic reflection data were acquired over the Canada Basin and Alpha Ridge. Expendable sonobuoys were deployed to collect P-wave refraction and wide angle reflection data to define the regional velocity structure of the sedimentary successions. Although the new seismic profiles tie with existing GSC multichannel seismic lines on the Beaufort Shelf, water-bottom multiples obscure direct correlation of deeper stratigraphic horizons and (at best) basement is poorly imaged.
We present a 2-D gravity and magnetic model for the southern Canada Basin margin and Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin integrating the new LSSL data with an existing deep crustal seismic reflection profile. The model crosses the slope region, where bathymetry shallows, base-of-sediments is deep, and basement is not imaged because of the water-bottom multiple. The density values used in the model are constrained by empirical relationships between velocity and density rock properties; however, magnetic susceptibility values are based on typical values for the inferred crustal lithologies. Velocity analyses of the new sonobuoy data provide constraints on the composition of the sediments, and enable quantitative mapping of continental, oceanic, and transitional domains within the Canada Basin. The 2-D gravity and magnetic forward model provides estimates for basement and Moho depths, the distribution and depths of magnetic sources, and visualization of the underlying crustal architecture controlling basin formation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"OTC Arctic Technology Conference Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"OTC Arctic Technology Conference","conferenceDate":"March 23-25, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Copenhagen, Denmark","language":"English","publisher":"One Petro","doi":"10.4043/25470-MS","usgsCitation":"Oakey, G.N., Saltus, R., and Shimeld, J.W., 2015, A crustal structure model of the Beaufort-Mackenzie Margin, southern Canada Basin, in OTC Arctic Technology Conference Proceedings, Copenhagen, Denmark, March 23-25, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4043/25470-MS.","ipdsId":"IP-061942","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411426,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.5313622288357,\n 71.20442863543764\n ],\n [\n -148.5313622288357,\n 62.45942351557227\n ],\n [\n -129.9064593578879,\n 62.45942351557227\n ],\n [\n -129.9064593578879,\n 71.20442863543764\n ],\n [\n -148.5313622288357,\n 71.20442863543764\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oakey, Gordon N.","contributorId":300609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oakey","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":7219,"text":"Natural Resources Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saltus, Richard W. 0000-0001-6920-2936","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6920-2936","contributorId":207255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saltus","given":"Richard W.","affiliations":[{"id":37502,"text":"NOAA-NCEI, 325 Broadway, NOAA E/GC3, Office 1B507, Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shimeld, John W.","contributorId":300610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shimeld","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7219,"text":"Natural Resources Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70147433,"text":"70147433 - 2015 - Environmental contaminants and chromosomal damage associated with beak deformities in a resident North American passerine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:43:21","indexId":"70147433","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental contaminants and chromosomal damage associated with beak deformities in a resident North American passerine","docAbstract":"A large cluster of beak abnormalities among black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) in Alaska raised concern about underlying environmental factors in this region. Metals and trace elements, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD-Fs) were analyzed in adults, nestlings, and eggs of the affected population; local bird seed was also tested for organochlorine pesticides. The results offered no support for the hypothesis that selenium or any other inorganic element was responsible for beak deformities among chickadees, but some evidence that organochlorine compounds may be contributing factors. Adults with beak deformities had an elevated level of chromosomal damage, which was correlated with lipid level and concentrations of several organochlorine compounds. Multivariate analyses of pesticides and PCBs did not distinguish abnormal from normal adults, but subsequent univariate analysis demonstrated higher concentrations of heptachlor epoxide and PCB-123 in abnormal adults. Concentrations of all organochlorine compounds were low, and none is known to cause beak or keratin abnormalities. Patterns of PCB congener concentrations differed between nestlings with normal and abnormal parents. Eggs from clutches with low hatchability had higher concentrations of hexachlorobenzene and PCDD-Fs than those with high hatching success, and hexachlorobenzene was found in seeds. Additional testing for PCDD-Fs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and other emerging contaminants, including brominated compounds, is needed to rule out environmental contaminants as a cause of beak deformities in chickadees in Alaska.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.2799","usgsCitation":"Handel, C.M., and Van Hemert, C.R., 2015, Environmental contaminants and chromosomal damage associated with beak deformities in a resident North American passerine: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 34, no. 2, p. 314-327, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2799.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"314","endPage":"327","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055048","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5544a3aae4b0a658d79478b8","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/etc.2799","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2799","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Handel Colleen M., Van Hemert Caroline","journalName":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","publicationDate":"1/6/2015","auditedOn":"12/19/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Hemert, Caroline R. 0000-0002-6858-7165 cvanhemert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-7165","contributorId":3592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Hemert","given":"Caroline","email":"cvanhemert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135195,"text":"70135195 - 2015 - A robust calibration technique for acoustic emission systems based on momentum transfer from a ball drop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-10T15:18:35","indexId":"70135195","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-02T07:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A robust calibration technique for acoustic emission systems based on momentum transfer from a ball drop","docAbstract":"We describe a technique to estimate the seismic moment of acoustic emissions and other extremely small seismic events. Unlike previous calibration techniques, it does not require modeling of the wave propagation, sensor response, or signal conditioning. Rather, this technique calibrates the recording system as a whole and uses a ball impact as a reference source or empirical Green’s function. To correctly apply this technique, we develop mathematical expressions that link the seismic moment $M_{0}$ of internal seismic sources (i.e., earthquakes and acoustic emissions) to the impulse, or change in momentum $\\Delta p $, of externally applied seismic sources (i.e., meteor impacts or, in this case, ball impact). We find that, at low frequencies, moment and impulse are linked by a constant, which we call the force‐moment‐rate scale factor $C_{F\\dot{M}} = M_{0}/\\Delta p$. This constant is equal to twice the speed of sound in the material from which the seismic sources were generated. Next, we demonstrate the calibration technique on two different experimental rock mechanics facilities. The first example is a saw‐cut cylindrical granite sample that is loaded in a triaxial apparatus at 40 MPa confining pressure. The second example is a 2 m long fault cut in a granite sample and deformed in a large biaxial apparatus at lower stress levels. Using the empirical calibration technique, we are able to determine absolute source parameters including the seismic moment, corner frequency, stress drop, and radiated energy of these magnitude −2.5 to −7 seismic events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120140170","usgsCitation":"McLaskey, G.C., Lockner, D.A., Kilgore, B.D., and Beeler, N.M., 2015, A robust calibration technique for acoustic emission systems based on momentum transfer from a ball drop: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 105, no. 1, p. 257-271, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140170.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"271","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060189","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56559839e4b071e7ea53def2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLaskey, Gregory C. gmclaskey@usgs.gov","contributorId":4112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaskey","given":"Gregory","email":"gmclaskey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, David A. 0000-0001-8630-6833 dlockner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"David","email":"dlockner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kilgore, Brian D. 0000-0003-0530-7979 bkilgore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7979","contributorId":3887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilgore","given":"Brian","email":"bkilgore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beeler, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-3397-8481 nbeeler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":2682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"Nicholas","email":"nbeeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70141670,"text":"70141670 - 2015 - Implications of scale-independent habitat specialization on persistence of a rare small mammal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-07T12:10:14","indexId":"70141670","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3871,"text":"Global Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of scale-independent habitat specialization on persistence of a rare small mammal","docAbstract":"We assessed the habitat use patterns of the Amargosa vole Microtus californicus scirpensis , an endangered rodent endemic to wetland vegetation along a 3.5 km stretch of the Amargosa River in the Mojave Desert, USA. Our goals were to: (1) quantify the vole’s abundance, occupancy rates and habitat selection patterns along gradients of vegetation cover and spatial scale; (2) identify the processes that likely had the greatest influence on its habitat selection patterns. We trapped voles monthly in six 1 ha grids from January to May 2012 and measured habitat structure at subgrid (View the MathML source225m2) and trap (View the MathML source1m2) scales in winter and spring seasons. Regardless of scale, analyses of density, occupancy and vegetation structure consistently indicated that voles occurred in patches of bulrush (Schoenoplectus americanus ; Cyperaceae) where cover >50%. The majority of evidence indicates the vole's habitat selectivity is likely driven by bulrush providing protection from intense predation. However, a combination of selective habitat use and limited movement resulted in a high proportion of apparently suitable bulrush patches being unoccupied. This suggests the Amargosa vole's habitat selection behavior confers individual benefits but may not allow the overall population to persist in a changing environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2014.10.003","usgsCitation":"Cleaver, M., Klinger, R.C., Anderson, S., Maier, P.A., and Clark, J., 2015, Implications of scale-independent habitat specialization on persistence of a rare small mammal: Global Ecology and Conservation, v. 3, p. 100-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2014.10.003.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051481","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2014.10.003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55095030e4b02e76d757e620","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleaver, Michael","contributorId":139379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cleaver","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12456,"text":"former USGS scientist","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klinger, Robert C. 0000-0003-3193-3199 rcklinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3193-3199","contributorId":5395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klinger","given":"Robert","email":"rcklinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Steven","contributorId":80589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maier, Paul A. 0000-0003-0851-8827 pmaier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-8827","contributorId":5467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maier","given":"Paul","email":"pmaier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Jonathan","contributorId":139380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12456,"text":"former USGS scientist","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70146793,"text":"70146793 - 2015 - Stomach contents of a Cuvier's Beaked Whale (Ziphius cavirostris) stranded in Monterey Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-21T15:35:04","indexId":"70146793","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2901,"text":"Northwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stomach contents of a Cuvier's Beaked Whale (Ziphius cavirostris) stranded in Monterey Bay, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology","publisherLocation":"Olympia, WA","doi":"10.1898/NWN14-10.1","usgsCitation":"Adams, J., Walker, W.A., Burton, E.J., and Harvey, J.T., 2015, Stomach contents of a Cuvier's Beaked Whale (Ziphius cavirostris) stranded in Monterey Bay, California: Northwestern Naturalist, v. 96, no. 1, p. 93-98, https://doi.org/10.1898/NWN14-10.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056362","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299812,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.21466064453125,\n 36.48976535146369\n ],\n [\n -122.21466064453125,\n 36.98939086733937\n ],\n [\n -121.77246093750001,\n 36.98939086733937\n ],\n [\n -121.77246093750001,\n 36.48976535146369\n ],\n [\n -122.21466064453125,\n 36.48976535146369\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553774b2e4b0b22a15808518","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Josh 0000-0003-3056-925X josh_adams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-925X","contributorId":2422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Josh","email":"josh_adams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, William A","contributorId":140360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":13471,"text":"NMML","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, Erica J","contributorId":140361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burton","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":12641,"text":"NOAA NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, James T.","contributorId":89817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harvey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6751,"text":"Moss Landing Marine Laboratories","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70143081,"text":"70143081 - 2015 - Prevalence and spatio-temporal variation of an alopecia syndrome in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the southern Beaufort Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-20T15:33:42.68495","indexId":"70143081","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Prevalence and spatio-temporal variation of an alopecia syndrome in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the southern Beaufort Sea","title":"Prevalence and spatio-temporal variation of an alopecia syndrome in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the southern Beaufort Sea","docAbstract":"Alopecia (hair loss) has been observed in several marine mammal species and has potential energetic consequences for sustaining a normal core body temperature, especially for Arctic marine mammals routinely exposed to harsh environmental conditions. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) rely on a thick layer of adipose tissue and a dense pelage to ameliorate convective heat loss while moving between sea ice and open water. From 1998 to 2012, we observed an alopecia syndrome in polar bears from the southern Beaufort Sea of Alaska that presented as bilaterally asymmetrical loss of guard hairs and thinning of the undercoat around the head, neck, and shoulders, which, in severe cases, was accompanied by exudation and crusted skin lesions. Alopecia was observed in 49 (3.45%) of the bears sampled during 1,421 captures, and the apparent prevalence varied by years with peaks occurring in 1999 (16%) and 2012 (28%). The probability that a bear had alopecia was greatest for subadults and for bears captured in the Prudhoe Bay region, and alopecic individuals had a lower body condition score than unaffected individuals. The cause of the syndrome remains unknown and future work should focus on identifying the causative agent and potential effects on population vital rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.7589/2013-11-301","usgsCitation":"Atwood, T.C., Peacock, E.L., Burek, K., Shearn-Bochsler, V.I., Bodenstein, B.L., Beckmen, K.B., and Durner, G.M., 2015, Prevalence and spatio-temporal variation of an alopecia syndrome in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the southern Beaufort Sea: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 51, no. 1, p. 48-59, https://doi.org/10.7589/2013-11-301.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055759","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.193359375,\n 68.87935761076949\n ],\n [\n -125.68359374999999,\n 68.87935761076949\n ],\n [\n -125.68359374999999,\n 73.50346063726599\n ],\n [\n -153.193359375,\n 73.50346063726599\n ],\n [\n -153.193359375,\n 68.87935761076949\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55095032e4b02e76d757e630","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peacock, Elizabeth L. 0000-0001-7279-0329 lpeacock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7279-0329","contributorId":3361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Elizabeth","email":"lpeacock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burek, K.A.","contributorId":82937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burek","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie I. 0000-0002-5590-6518 vbochsler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5590-6518","contributorId":3234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearn-Bochsler","given":"Valerie","email":"vbochsler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bodenstein, Barbara L. 0000-0001-7946-0103 bbodenstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7946-0103","contributorId":4389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodenstein","given":"Barbara","email":"bbodenstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beckmen, Kimberlee B.","contributorId":12770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beckmen","given":"Kimberlee","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70199526,"text":"70199526 - 2015 - Robust and resistant semivariogram modelling using a generalized bootstrap","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T15:45:48","indexId":"70199526","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T15:45:41","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5750,"text":"Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Robust and resistant semivariogram modelling using a generalized bootstrap","docAbstract":"The bootstrap is a computer-intensive resampling method for estimating
the uncertainty of complex statistical models. We expand on an
application of the bootstrap for inferring semivariogram parameters and
their uncertainty. The model fitted to the median of the bootstrap distribution
of the experimental semivariogram is proposed as an estimator of
the semivariogram. The proposed application is not restricted to normal
data and the estimator is resistant to outliers. Improvements are more
significant for data-sets with less than 100 observations, which are
those for which semivariogram model inference is the most difficult. The
application is illustrated by using it to characterize a synthetic random
field for which the true semivariogram type and parameters are known.
Many problems in computational sustainability require making a sequence of decisions in complex, uncertain environments. Such problems are generally notoriously difficult. In this article, we review the recently discovered notion of adaptive submodularity, an intuitive diminishing returns condition that generalizes the classical notion of submodular set functions to sequential decision problems. Problems exhibiting the adaptive submodularity property can be efficiently and provably near-optimally solved using simple myopic policies. We illustrate this concept in several case studies of interest in computational sustainability: First, we demonstrate how it can be used to efficiently plan for resolving uncertainty in adaptive management scenarios. Secondly, we show how it applies to dynamic conservation planning for protecting endangered species, a case study carried out in collaboration with the US Geological Survey and the US Fish and Wildlife Service.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for Artificial Intelligence","publisherLocation":"La Canada, CA","doi":"10.1609/aimag.v35i2.2526","usgsCitation":"Krause, A., Golovin, D., and Converse, S.J., 2015, Sequential decision making in computational sustainability via adaptive submodularity: AI Magazine, v. 35, no. 2, p. 8-18, https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v35i2.2526.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062426","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v35i2.2526","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55095033e4b02e76d757e634","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krause, Andreas","contributorId":138662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krause","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12483,"text":"ETH Zurich","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Golovin, Daniel","contributorId":138663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Golovin","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12484,"text":"Google","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":3513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70143866,"text":"70143866 - 2015 - Density dependence and phenological mismatch: consequences for growth and survival of sub-arctic nesting Canada Geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-23T14:40:23","indexId":"70143866","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":947,"text":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density dependence and phenological mismatch: consequences for growth and survival of sub-arctic nesting Canada Geese","docAbstract":"The extent to which species are plastic in the timing of their reproductive events relative to phenology suggests how change might affect their demography. An ecological mismatch between the timing of hatch for avian species and the peak availability in quality and quantity of forage for rapidly growing offspring might ultimately affect recruitment to the breeding population unless individuals can adjust the timing of breeding to adapt to changing phenology. We evaluated effects of goose density, hatch timing relative to forage plant phenology, and weather indices on annual growth of pre-fledging Canada geese (Branta canadensis) from 1993-2010 at Akimiski Island, Nunavut. We found effects of both density and hatch timing relative to forage plant phenology; the earlier that eggs hatched relative to forage plant phenology, the larger the mean gosling size near fledging. Goslings were smallest in years when hatch was latest relative to forage plant phenology, and when local abundance of breeding adults was highest. We found no evidence for a trend in relative hatch timing, but it was apparent that in early springs, Canada geese tended to hatch later relative to vegetation phenology, suggesting that geese were not always able to adjust the timing of nesting as rapidly as vegetation phenology was advanced. Analyses using forage biomass information revealed a positive relationship between gosling size and per capita biomass availability, suggesting a causal mechanism for the density effect. The effects of weather parameters explained additional variation in mean annual gosling size, although total June and July rainfall had a small additive effect on gosling size. Modelling of annual first year survival probability using mean annual gosling size as an annual covariate revealed a positive relationship, suggesting that reduced gosling growth negatively impacts recruitment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Canadian Ornithologists","publisherLocation":"Waterloo, ON","doi":"10.5751/ACE-00708-100101","usgsCitation":"Brook, R.W., Leafloor, J.O., Douglas, D.C., and Abraham, K., 2015, Density dependence and phenological mismatch: consequences for growth and survival of sub-arctic nesting Canada Geese: Avian Conservation and Ecology, v. 10, no. 1, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-00708-100101.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056605","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-00708-100101","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55113941e4b02e76d75b50d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brook, Rodney W.","contributorId":92083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brook","given":"Rodney","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leafloor, James O.","contributorId":111512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leafloor","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abraham, Kenneth F.","contributorId":32215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"Kenneth F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70143865,"text":"70143865 - 2015 - Climatic controls of aboveground net primary production in semi-arid grasslands along a latitudinal gradient portend low sensitivity to warming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:02:28","indexId":"70143865","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic controls of aboveground net primary production in semi-arid grasslands along a latitudinal gradient portend low sensitivity to warming","docAbstract":"Although climate models forecast warmer temperatures with a high degree of certainty, precipitation is the primary driver of aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in most grasslands. Conversely, variations in temperature seldom are related to patterns of ANPP. Thus forecasting responses to warming is a challenge, and raises the question: how sensitive will grassland ANPP be to warming? We evaluated climate and multi-year ANPP data (67 years) from eight western US grasslands arrayed along mean annual temperature (MAT; ~7-14 °C) and mean annual precipitation (MAP; ~250-500 mm) gradients. Weused regression and analysis of covariance to assess relationships between ANPP and temperature, as well as precipitation (annual and growing season) to evaluate temperature sensitivity of ANPP. We also related ANPP to the standardized precipitation evaporation index (SPEI), which combines precipitation and evapotranspiration to better represent moisture available for plant growth. Regression models indicated that variation in growing season temperature was negatively related to total and graminoid ANPP, but precipitation was a stronger predictor than temperature. Growing season temperature was also a significant parameter in more complex models, but again precipitation was consistently a stronger predictor of ANPP. Surprisingly, neither annual nor growing season SPEI were as strongly related to ANPP as precipitation. We conclude that forecasted warming likely will affect ANPP in these grasslands, but that predicting temperature effects from natural climatic gradients is difficult. This is because, unlike precipitation, warming effects can be positive or negative and moderated by shifts in the C3/C4 ratios of plant communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Berlin","doi":"10.1007/s00442-015-3232-7","usgsCitation":"Mowll, W., Blumenthal, D.M., Cherwin, K., Smith, A., Symstad, A., Vermeire, L., Collins, S., Smith, M., and Knapp, A., 2015, Climatic controls of aboveground net primary production in semi-arid grasslands along a latitudinal gradient portend low sensitivity to warming: Oecologia, v. 177, no. 4, p. 959-969, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-015-3232-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"959","endPage":"969","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056620","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298874,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298867,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00442-015-3232-7"}],"volume":"177","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5511393fe4b02e76d75b50d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mowll, Whitney","contributorId":139803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mowll","given":"Whitney","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13277,"text":"Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blumenthal, Dana M.","contributorId":83411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumenthal","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cherwin, Karie","contributorId":139804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cherwin","given":"Karie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13277,"text":"Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Anine","contributorId":139805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Anine","affiliations":[{"id":13277,"text":"Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Symstad, Amy J. 0000-0003-4231-2873 asymstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-2873","contributorId":2611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symstad","given":"Amy J.","email":"asymstad@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vermeire, Lance","contributorId":139806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vermeire","given":"Lance","affiliations":[{"id":13278,"text":"USDA-ARS Fort Keogh LARRL. 243 Fort Keogh Road, Miles City, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Collins, Scott L.","contributorId":71307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Scott L.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smith, Melinda D.","contributorId":94028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Melinda D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Knapp, Alan K.","contributorId":139807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knapp","given":"Alan K.","affiliations":[{"id":13277,"text":"Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70198436,"text":"70198436 - 2015 - Causal factors for seismicity near Azle, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-03T15:43:08","indexId":"70198436","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T15:43:01","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2842,"text":"Nature Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Causal factors for seismicity near Azle, Texas","docAbstract":"In November 2013, a series of earthquakes began along a mapped ancient fault system near Azle, Texas. Here we assess whether it is plausible that human activity caused these earthquakes. Analysis of both lake and groundwater variations near Azle shows that no significant stress changes were associated with the shallow water table before or during the earthquake sequence. In contrast, pore-pressure models demonstrate that a combination of brine production and wastewater injection near the fault generated subsurface pressures sufficient to induce earthquakes on near-critically stressed faults. On the basis of modelling results and the absence of historical earthquakes near Azle, brine production combined with wastewater disposal represent the most likely cause of recent seismicity near Azle. For assessing the earthquake cause, our research underscores the necessity of monitoring subsurface wastewater formation pressures and monitoring earthquakes having magnitudes of ∼M2 and greater. Currently, monitoring at these levels is not standard across Texas or the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/ncomms7728","usgsCitation":"Hornbach, M.J., DeShon, H.R., Ellsworth, W.L., Stump, B.W., Hayward, C., Frohlich, C., Oldham, H.R., Olson, J.E., Magnani, M., Brokaw, C., and Luetgert, J.H., 2015, Causal factors for seismicity near Azle, Texas: Nature Communications, v. 6, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7728.","productDescription":"Article number: 6728; 11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-058753","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7728","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fcc5de4b0f5d57878ecdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hornbach, Matthew J.","contributorId":14258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornbach","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeShon, Heather R.","contributorId":48540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeShon","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. 0000-0001-8378-4979 ellsworth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8378-4979","contributorId":206685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stump, Brian W.","contributorId":206742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stump","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hayward, Chris","contributorId":206743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayward","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Frohlich, Cliff","contributorId":96541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frohlich","given":"Cliff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Oldham, Harrison R.","contributorId":206688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oldham","given":"Harrison","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":20300,"text":"Southern Methodist University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Olson, Jon E.","contributorId":206744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Magnani, M. Beatrice","contributorId":197231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magnani","given":"M. Beatrice","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brokaw, Casey","contributorId":206690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brokaw","given":"Casey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20300,"text":"Southern Methodist University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Luetgert, James H. luetgert@usgs.gov","contributorId":4203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luetgert","given":"James","email":"luetgert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":741467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70199525,"text":"70199525 - 2015 - Cokriging of compositional balances including a dimension reduction and retrieval of original units","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T15:26:48","indexId":"70199525","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T15:26:42","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5750,"text":"Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cokriging of compositional balances including a dimension reduction and retrieval of original units","docAbstract":"Compositional data constitutes a special class of quantitative measurements involving parts of a whole. The sample space has an algebraic-geometric structure different from that of real-valued data. A subcomposition is a subset of all possible parts. When compositional data values include geographical locations, they are also regionalized variables. In the Earth sciences, geochemical analyses are a common form of regionalized compositional data. Ordinarily, there are measurements only at data locations. Geostatistics has proven to be the standard for spatial estimation of regionalized variables but, in general, the compositional character of the geochemical data has been ignored. This paper presents in detail an application of cokriging for the modelling of compositional data using a method that is consistent with the compositional character of the data. The uncertainty is evaluated by a Monte Carlo procedure. The method is illustrated for the contents of arsenic and iron in groundwaters in Bangladesh, which have the peculiarity of being measured in milligrams per litre, units for which the sum of all parts does not add to a constant. Practical results include maps of estimates of the geochemical elements in the original concentration units, as well as measures of uncertainty, such as the probability that the concentration may exceed a given threshold. Results indicate that probabilities of exceedance in previous studies of the same data are too low.
","language":"English","publisher":"Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (SAIMM)","usgsCitation":"Pawlowsky-Glahn, V., Egozcue, J., Olea, R., and Pardo-Igúzquiza, E., 2015, Cokriging of compositional balances including a dimension reduction and retrieval of original units: Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, v. 115, no. 1, p. 59-72.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"72","ipdsId":"IP-052920","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357546,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.saimm.co.za/publications/journal-papers/list/1?resetfilters=0&clearordering=0&clearfilters=0"},{"id":357565,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc03646e4b0fc368eb53ac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pawlowsky-Glahn, V.","contributorId":208033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pawlowsky-Glahn","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Egozcue, J. J.","contributorId":208034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Egozcue","given":"J. J.","affiliations":[{"id":37680,"text":"Barcelona Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":745759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pardo-Igúzquiza, E","contributorId":208035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pardo-Igúzquiza","given":"E","affiliations":[{"id":37681,"text":"2Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, ESP","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176486,"text":"70176486 - 2015 - Modelling the effects of seasonality and socioeconomic impact on the transmission of Rift Valley fever virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-19T14:51:40","indexId":"70176486","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5023,"text":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling the effects of seasonality and socioeconomic impact on the transmission of Rift Valley fever virus","docAbstract":"Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an important mosquito-borne viral zoonosis in Africa and the Middle East that causes human deaths and significant economic losses due to huge incidences of death and abortion among infected livestock. Outbreaks of RVF are sporadic and associated with both seasonal and socioeconomic effects. Here we propose an almost periodic three-patch model to investigate the transmission dynamics of RVF virus (RVFV) among ruminants with spatial movements. Our findings indicate that, in Northeastern Africa, human activities, including those associated with the Eid al Adha feast, along with a combination of climatic factors such as rainfall level and hydrological variations, contribute to the transmission and dispersal of the disease pathogen. Moreover, sporadic outbreaks may occur when the two events occur together: 1) abundant livestock are recruited into areas at risk from RVF due to the demand for the religious festival and 2) abundant numbers of mosquitoes emerge. These two factors have been shown to have impacts on the severity of RVF outbreaks. Our numerical results present the transmission dynamics of the disease pathogen over both short and long periods of time, particularly during the festival time. Further, we investigate the impact on patterns of disease outbreaks in each patch brought by festival- and seasonal-driven factors, such as the number of livestock imported daily, the animal transportation speed from patch to patch, and the death rate induced by ceremonial sacrifices. In addition, our simulations show that when the time for festival preparation starts earlier than usual, the risk of massive disease outbreaks rises, particularly in patch 3 (the place where the religious ceremony will be held).
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0003388","usgsCitation":"Xiao, Y., Beier, J.C., Cantrell, R.S., Cosner, C., DeAngelis, D., and Ruan, S., 2015, Modelling the effects of seasonality and socioeconomic impact on the transmission of Rift Valley fever virus: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, v. 9, no. 1, e3388; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003388.","productDescription":"e3388; 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-069796","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003388","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328737,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7ee45e4b0bc0bec09e979","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xiao, Yanyu","contributorId":174666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xiao","given":"Yanyu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27495,"text":"Dept. of Mathematics, University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beier, John C.","contributorId":174665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beier","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":27490,"text":"Dept. of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cantrell, Robert Stephen","contributorId":174667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cantrell","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":27495,"text":"Dept. of Mathematics, University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cosner, Chris","contributorId":38698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosner","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ruan, Shigui","contributorId":174697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruan","given":"Shigui","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70140577,"text":"70140577 - 2015 - Foraging habits in a generalist predator: sex and age influence habitat selection and resource use among bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-09T13:34:47","indexId":"70140577","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging habits in a generalist predator: sex and age influence habitat selection and resource use among bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)","docAbstract":"This study examines resource use (diet, habitat use, and trophic level) within and among demographic groups (males, females, and juveniles) of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). We analyzed the δ13C and δ15N values of 15 prey species constituting 84% of the species found in stomach contents. We used these data to establish a trophic enrichment factor (TEF) to inform dietary analysis using a Bayesian isotope mixing model. We document a TEF of 0‰ and 2.0‰ for δ13C and δ15N, respectively. The dietary results showed that all demographic groups relied heavily on low trophic level seagrass-associated prey. Bayesian standard ellipse areas (SEAb) were calculated to assess diversity in resource use. The SEAb of females was nearly four times larger than that of males indicating varied resource use, likely a consequence of small home ranges and habitat specialization. Juveniles possessed an intermediate SEAb, generally feeding at a lower trophic level compared to females, potentially an effect of natal philopatry and immature foraging skills. The small SEAb of males reflects a high degree of specialization on seagrass associated prey. Patterns in resource use by the demographic groups are likely linked to differences in the relative importance of social and ecological factors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Marine Mammalogy","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.1111/mms.12143","usgsCitation":"Rossman, S., McCabe, E.B., Barros, N.B., Gandhi, H., Ostrom, P.H., Stricker, C.A., and Randall S. Wells, 2015, Foraging habits in a generalist predator: sex and age influence habitat selection and resource use among bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): Marine Mammal Science, v. 31, no. 1, p. 155-168, https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12143.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"168","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055975","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297860,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mms.12143/abstract"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a7ae4b08de9379b3092","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rossman, Sam","contributorId":139130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rossman","given":"Sam","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, Elizabeth Berens","contributorId":139131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCabe","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"Berens","affiliations":[{"id":12658,"text":"Chicago Zoological Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barros, Nelio B.","contributorId":139132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barros","given":"Nelio","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12658,"text":"Chicago Zoological Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gandhi, Hasand","contributorId":139133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gandhi","given":"Hasand","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ostrom, Peggy H.","contributorId":139134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostrom","given":"Peggy","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Randall S. Wells","contributorId":139135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Randall S. Wells","affiliations":[{"id":12658,"text":"Chicago Zoological Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70162209,"text":"70162209 - 2015 - Tupinambis merianae as nest predators of crocodilians and turtles in Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-20T12:54:51","indexId":"70162209","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tupinambis merianae as nest predators of crocodilians and turtles in Florida, USA","docAbstract":"Tupinambis merianae, is a large, omnivorous tegu lizard native to South America. Two populations of tegus are established in the state of Florida, USA, but impacts to native species are poorly documented. During summer 2013, we placed automated cameras overlooking one American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) nest, which also contained a clutch of Florida red-bellied cooter (Pseudemys nelsoni) eggs, and one American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) nest at a site in southeastern Florida where tegus are established. We documented tegu activity and predation on alligator and turtle eggs at the alligator nest, and tegu activity at the crocodile nest. Our finding that one of the first two crocodilian nests to be monitored was depredated by tegus suggests that tegus should be further evaluated as a threat to nesting reptiles in Florida.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s10530-014-0730-1","usgsCitation":"Mazzotti, F., McEachern, M., Rochford, M., Reed, R., Ketterlin Eckles, J., Vinci, J., Edwards, J., and Wasilewki, J., 2015, Tupinambis merianae as nest predators of crocodilians and turtles in Florida, USA: Biological Invasions, v. 17, no. 1, p. 47-50, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-014-0730-1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052691","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314528,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Southern Glades Wildlife and Environmental Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.44464111328125,\n 25.28754202676445\n ],\n [\n -80.43022155761719,\n 25.23165284078299\n ],\n [\n -80.40069580078125,\n 25.189408407481963\n ],\n [\n -80.43434143066406,\n 25.12787928859755\n ],\n [\n -80.47073364257812,\n 25.091817518459166\n ],\n [\n -80.54283142089844,\n 25.0638312342605\n ],\n [\n -80.6011962890625,\n 25.054501051619468\n ],\n [\n -80.64651489257812,\n 25.06880704116911\n ],\n [\n -80.67741394042969,\n 25.098035823821835\n ],\n [\n -80.69869995117188,\n 25.137825490722225\n ],\n [\n -80.71243286132812,\n 25.153986341229803\n ],\n [\n -80.7330322265625,\n 25.209289967393794\n ],\n [\n -80.71861267089844,\n 25.250906464327883\n ],\n [\n -80.68702697753906,\n 25.27636624774774\n ],\n [\n -80.63072204589844,\n 25.28257514097822\n ],\n [\n -80.57441711425781,\n 25.285679468429873\n ],\n [\n -80.44464111328125,\n 25.28754202676445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a0bdc1e4b0961cf280dc08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":12358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[{"id":12604,"text":"Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, 3205 College Avenue, University of Florida, Davie, FL 33314, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McEachern, Michelle A. mmceachern@usgs.gov","contributorId":5539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"Michelle A.","email":"mmceachern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rochford, Michael","contributorId":58136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rochford","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reed, Robert 0000-0001-8349-6168 reedr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-6168","contributorId":152301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Robert","email":"reedr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ketterlin Eckles, Jennifer","contributorId":152302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ketterlin Eckles","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18903,"text":"Florida FWC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vinci, Joy","contributorId":10306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vinci","given":"Joy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Edwards, Jake","contributorId":152303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edwards","given":"Jake","affiliations":[{"id":18903,"text":"Florida FWC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wasilewki, Joseph","contributorId":152304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wasilewki","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70200474,"text":"70200474 - 2015 - Evaluation of development options for Alaska North Slope viscous and heavy oil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T13:42:20","indexId":"70200474","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T13:42:04","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of development options for Alaska North Slope viscous and heavy oil","docAbstract":"Current estimates of discovered viscous and heavy oil in Alaska’s North Slope are 12 billion barrels of oil-in-place and 12–18 billion barrels of oil-in-place, respectively (see Appendix 1 for conversion to SI units). Since the early 1990s to the end of 2010, cumulative viscous oil production has amounted to 150 million barrels, and there has been no commercial production of heavy oil. During the last three decades, the industry has been challenged to develop technologies to commercially produce these untapped oil resources in this Arctic environment. In this paper, the general locations and geologic properties of the viscous oil-bearing West Sak/Schrader Bluff and heavy oil-bearing Ugnu stratigraphic intervals are described first. The geologic variability within these deposits and the evolution of technology have forced an incremental development approach, requiring costly field testing at the pilot scale of innovative extraction techniques. Although viscous oil is currently produced, its development is not mature, and firms appear to be still spending large sums on new approaches to improve recovery. The analysis specifies a representative viscous oil project and then applies a “real options” framework using simulation to determine whether the risked expected project value is sufficient to fund required expenditures on extraction process research and field testing. Computations show available field test funds to be highly sensitive to the operator’s hurdle rate of return as well as the range in magnitude of potential State revenues. The contribution of the paper is solving this problem using an approach where the extreme low return and high scenarios need only be specified, and where the uncertainties are modeled with beta distributions based on historical data or expert opinion.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11053-014-9240-1","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., and Freeman, P., 2015, Evaluation of development options for Alaska North Slope viscous and heavy oil: Natural Resources Research, v. 24, no. 1, p. 85-106, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-014-9240-1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"106","ipdsId":"IP-052147","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"24","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10b345e4b034bf6a7e9c20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Philip A. 0000-0002-0863-7431 pfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":193093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Philip A.","email":"pfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70059675,"text":"70059675 - 2015 - Shorebird migration in the face of climate change: potential shifts in migration phenology and resource availability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-26T14:04:21","indexId":"70059675","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shorebird migration in the face of climate change: potential shifts in migration phenology and resource availability","docAbstract":"Changes in temperature and seasonality resulting from climate change are heterogeneous, potentially altering important sources of natural selection acting on species phenology. Some species have apparently adapted to climate change but the ability of most species to adapt remains unknown. The life history strategies of migratory animals are dictated by seasonal factors, which makes these species particularly vulnerable to heterogeneous changes in climate and phenology. Here, we examine the phenology of migratory shorebirds, their habitats, and primary food resources, and we hypothesize how climate change may affect migrants through predicted changes in phenology. Daily abundance of shorebirds at stopover sites was correlated with local phenology and peaked immediately prior to peaks in invertebrate food resources. A close relationship between migrant and invertebrate phenology indicates that shorebirds may be vulnerable to changes in seasonality driven by climate change. It is possible that shifts in migrant and invertebrate phenology will be congruent in magnitude and direction, but because migration phenology is dependent on a suite of ecological factors, any response is likely to occur at a larger temporal scale and may lag behind the response of invertebrate food resources. The resulting lack of sufficient access to food at stopover habitats may cause migrants to extend migration and have cascading effects throughout their life cycle. If the heterogeneous nature of climate change results in uneven changes in phenology between migrants and their prey, it may threaten the long-term viability of migratory populations
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Phenological synchrony and bird migration: changing climate and seasonal resources in North America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","isbn":"9781482240313 1482240319","usgsCitation":"Stutzman, R.J., and Fontaine, J., 2015, Shorebird migration in the face of climate change: potential shifts in migration phenology and resource availability: Studies in Avian Biology, v. 47, p. 145-159.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046042","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311307,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311305,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/Phenological-Synchrony-and-Bird-Migration-Changing-Climate-and-Seasonal/Wood-Kellermann/p/book/9781482240306","description":"index page"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.118408203125,\n 45.092913646051144\n ],\n [\n -100.118408203125,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -97.701416015625,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -97.701416015625,\n 45.092913646051144\n ],\n [\n -100.118408203125,\n 45.092913646051144\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564717d9e4b0e2669b31312c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stutzman, Ryan J.","contributorId":86674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stutzman","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fontaine, Joseph J","contributorId":117561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontaine","given":"Joseph J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70073967,"text":"70073967 - 2015 - Phenology and climate relationships in aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest and woodland communities of southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-17T16:20:32.242684","indexId":"70073967","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T13:25:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Phenology and climate relationships in aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest and woodland communities of southwestern Colorado","title":"Phenology and climate relationships in aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest and woodland communities of southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) occurs over wide geographical, latitudinal, elevational, and environmental gradients, making it a favorable candidate for a study of phenology and climate relationships. Aspen forests and woodlands provide numerous ecosystem services, such as high primary productivity and biodiversity, retention and storage of environmental variables (precipitation, temperature, snow–water equivalent) that affect the spring and fall phenology of the aspen woodland communities of southwestern Colorado. We assessed the land surface phenology of aspen woodlands using two phenology indices, start of season time (SOST) and end of season time (EOST), from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) database of conterminous U.S. phenological indicators over an 11-year time period (2001–2011). These indicators were developed with 250 m resolution remotely sensed data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer processed to highlight vegetation response. We compiled data on SOST, EOST, elevation, precipitation, air temperature, and snow water equivalent (SWE) for selected sites having more than 80% cover by aspen woodland communities. In the 11-year time frame of our study, EOST had significant positive correlation with minimum fall temperature and significant negative correlation with fall precipitation. SOST had a significant positive correlation with spring SWE and spring maximum temperature.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.05.033","usgsCitation":"Meier, G.A., Brown, J., Evelsizer, R.J., and Vogelmann, J., 2015, Phenology and climate relationships in aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest and woodland communities of southwestern Colorado: Ecological Indicators, v. 48, p. 189-197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.05.033.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"197","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045382","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294919,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.07739323500078,\n 38.82479148331984\n ],\n [\n -109.07739323500078,\n 37.04810861806919\n ],\n [\n -105.56044097270126,\n 37.04810861806919\n ],\n [\n -105.56044097270126,\n 38.82479148331984\n ],\n [\n -109.07739323500078,\n 38.82479148331984\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542fbaa6e4b092f17df61d6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meier, Gretchen A.","contributorId":96615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"Gretchen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":26243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evelsizer, Ross J.","contributorId":80211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evelsizer","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vogelmann, James E. 0000-0002-0804-5823 vogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James E.","email":"vogel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70201529,"text":"70201529 - 2015 - Detrital zircon U-Pb provenance of the Colorado River: A 5 m.y. record of incision into cover strata overlying the Colorado Plateau and adjacent regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-17T13:14:43","indexId":"70201529","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T13:12:41","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detrital zircon U-Pb provenance of the Colorado River: A 5 m.y. record of incision into cover strata overlying the Colorado Plateau and adjacent regions","docAbstract":"New detrital zircon U-Pb age distributions from 49 late Cenozoic sandstones and Holocene sands (49 samples, n = 3922) record the arrival of extra-regional early Pliocene Colorado River sediment at Grand Wash (western USA) and downstream locations ca. 5.3 Ma and the subsequent evolution of the river’s provenance signature. We define reference age distributions for the early Pliocene Colorado River (n = 559) and Holocene Colorado River (n = 601). The early Pliocene river is distinguished from the Holocene river by (1) a higher proportion of Yavapai-Mazatzal zircon derived from Rocky Mountain basement uplifts relative to Grenville zircon from Mesozoic supra crustal rocks, and (2) distinctive (∼6%) late Eocene–Oligocene (40–23 Ma) zircon reworked from Cenozoic basins and volcanic fields in the southern Rocky Mountains and/or the eastern Green River catchment. Geologic relationships and interpretation of 135 published detrital zircon age distributions throughout the Colorado River catchment provide the interpretative basis for modeling evolution of the provenance signature. Mixture modeling based upon a modified formulation of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic indicate a subtle yet robust change in Colorado River provenance signature over the past 5 m.y. During this interval the contribution from Cenozoic strata decreased from ∼75% to 50% while pre-Cretaceous strata increased from ∼25% to 50%. We interpret this change to reflect progressive erosional incision into plateau cover strata. Our finding is consistent with geologic and thermochronologic studies that indicate that maximum post–10 Ma erosion of the Colorado River catchment was concentrated across the eastern Utah–western Colorado region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00982.1","usgsCitation":"Kimbrough, D.L., Grove, M., Gehrels, G.E., Dorsey, R.J., Howard, K.A., Lovera, O., Aslan, A., House, K., and Pearthree, P.A., 2015, Detrital zircon U-Pb provenance of the Colorado River: A 5 m.y. record of incision into cover strata overlying the Colorado Plateau and adjacent regions: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 6, p. 1719-1748, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00982.1.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1719","endPage":"1748","ipdsId":"IP-100943","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00982.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":360372,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 31\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c18c425e4b006c4f856ace3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimbrough, David L.","contributorId":211569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimbrough","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grove, Marty","contributorId":211570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grove","given":"Marty","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gehrels, George E.","contributorId":59795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gehrels","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dorsey, Rebecca J.","contributorId":167712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorsey","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24813,"text":"University of Oregan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lovera, Oscar","contributorId":211573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovera","given":"Oscar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Aslan, Andres","contributorId":211574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aslan","given":"Andres","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34607,"text":"Colorado Mesa University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"House, Kyle 0000-0002-0019-8075 khouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-8075","contributorId":2293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"Kyle","email":"khouse@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pearthree, Philip A.","contributorId":17363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearthree","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70102112,"text":"70102112 - 2015 - Snow effects on alpine vegetation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-17T16:33:31.39383","indexId":"70102112","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T13:10:16","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2035,"text":"International Journal of Digital Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Snow effects on alpine vegetation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau","docAbstract":"Understanding the relationships between snow and vegetation is important for interpretation of the responses of alpine ecosystems to climate changes. The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is regarded as an ideal area due to its undisturbed features with low population and relatively high snow cover. We used 500 m Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) datasets during 2001–2010 to examine the snow–vegetation relationships, specifically, (1) the influence of snow melting date on vegetation green-up date and (2) the effects of snow cover duration on vegetation greenness. The results showed that the alpine vegetation responded strongly to snow phenology (i.e., snow melting date and snow cover duration) over large areas of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Snow melting date and vegetation green-up date were significantly correlated (p < 0.1) in 39.9% of meadow areas (accounting for 26.2% of vegetated areas) and 36.7% of steppe areas (28.1% of vegetated areas). Vegetation growth was influenced by different seasonal snow cover durations (SCDs) in different regions. Generally, the December–February and March–May SCDs played a significantly role in vegetation growth, both positively and negatively, depending on different water source regions. Snow's positive impact on vegetation was larger than the negative impact.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/17538947.2013.848946","usgsCitation":"Wang, K., Zhang, L., Qiu, Y., Ji, L., Tian, F., Wang, C., and Wang, Z., 2015, Snow effects on alpine vegetation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: International Journal of Digital Earth, v. 8, no. 1, p. 56-73, https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2013.848946.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052135","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472352,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2013.848946","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286394,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 73.18,24.91 ], [ 73.18,40.97 ], [ 106.29,40.97 ], [ 106.29,24.91 ], [ 73.18,24.91 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53559564e4b0120853e8c1f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Kun","contributorId":51648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Kun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Li","contributorId":98139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Li","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Qiu, Yubao","contributorId":36464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qiu","given":"Yubao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":2832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tian, Feng","contributorId":17143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tian","given":"Feng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, Cuizhen","contributorId":16312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Cuizhen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wang, Zhiyong","contributorId":81412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Zhiyong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}