{"pageNumber":"1287","pageRowStart":"32150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165309,"records":[{"id":70123999,"text":"70123999 - 2014 - Seedling ecology and restoration of blackbrush (<i>Coleogyne ramosissima</i>) in the Mojave Desert, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-10T13:30:32","indexId":"70123999","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-10T13:27:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seedling ecology and restoration of blackbrush (<i>Coleogyne ramosissima</i>) in the Mojave Desert, United States","docAbstract":"Increases in fire frequency are disrupting many ecological communities not historically subjected to fire. In the southwestern United States, the blackbrush (<i>Coleogyne ramosissima</i>) community is among the most threatened, often replaced by invasive annual grasses after fire. This long-lived shrub is vulnerable because it recruits sporadically, partially due to mast seeding and the absence of a seed bank. The goal of this study was to evaluate if shrub restoration can be enhanced by identifying and ameliorating recruitment limitations. Specifically, we tested the effect of encapsulating seeds in predation-deterring “seed balls.” We also tested the effects of nurse plants and mammalian exclusion cages on seedling emergence, growth, and survivorship. These experiments were conducted in a full-factorial design across three sites differing in elevation. Over 2 years, 13% of all planted seeds emerged and the effect of seed balls was overwhelmingly negative because of low emergence. Nurse plants had overall positive effects at Low Elevation, but negative effects at Mid- and High Elevation. Emergence and survival were highest in caged plots everywhere, and effect sizes increased with elevation. Interactions between the cage and the nurse plant treatments indicated that nurse plants tended to attract mammalian predators, lowering emergence and seedling survivorship, particularly at higher elevations. Findings conform to the stress-gradient hypothesis in that interactions among seedlings and mature plants shifted from facilitation to competition as environmental stress decreased with increasing elevation, suggesting that they are transferable to ecologically similar communities elsewhere. Knowledge of site-specific recruitment limitations can help minimize ineffective restoration efforts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Ecological Restoration","doi":"10.1111/rec.12128","usgsCitation":"Jones, L.C., Schwinning, S., and Esque, T., 2014, Seedling ecology and restoration of blackbrush (<i>Coleogyne ramosissima</i>) in the Mojave Desert, United States: Restoration Ecology, v. 22, no. 5, p. 692-700, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12128.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"692","endPage":"700","ipdsId":"IP-038988","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293608,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec.12128"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.9789,34.1607 ], [ -117.9789,37.5219 ], [ -114.7254,37.5219 ], [ -114.7254,34.1607 ], [ -117.9789,34.1607 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541157b5e4b0fe7e184a5543","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/rec.12128","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec.12128","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Jones Lisa C., Schwinning Susanne, Esque Todd C.","journalName":"Restoration Ecology","publicationDate":"7/18/2014","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Lisa C.","contributorId":52898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwinning, Susanne","contributorId":92179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwinning","given":"Susanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":3221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70123860,"text":"70123860 - 2014 - Short-term vegetation response following mechanical control of saltcedar (<i>Tamarix</i> spp.) on the Virgin River, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-10T11:29:39","indexId":"70123860","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-10T11:25:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2100,"text":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term vegetation response following mechanical control of saltcedar (<i>Tamarix</i> spp.) on the Virgin River, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"Tamarisk (a.k.a. saltcedar, <i>Tamarix</i> spp.) is an invasive plant species that occurs throughout western riparian and wetland ecosystems. It is implicated in alterations of ecosystem structure and function and is the subject of many local control projects, including removal using heavy equipment. We evaluated short-term vegetation responses to mechanical <i>Tamarix</i> spp. removal at sites ranging from 2 to 5 yr post-treatment along the Virgin River in Nevada, USA. Treatments resulted in lower density and cover (but not eradication) of <i>Tamarix</i> spp., increased cover of the native shrub <i>Pluchea sericia</i> (arrow weed), decreased density and cover of all woody species combined, increased density of both native annual forbs and the nonnative annual <i>Salsola tragus</i> (prickly Russian-thistle), and lower density of nonnative annual grasses. The treated plots had lower mean woody species richness, but greater herbaceous species richness and diversity. Among herbaceous species, native taxa increased in richness whereas nonnative species increased in both species richness and diversity. Thus, efforts to remove <i>Tamarix,/i> spp. at the Virgin River reduced vegetative cover contributing to fuel loads and probability of fire, and resulted in positive effects for native plant diversity, with mixed effects on other nonnative species. However, absolute abundances of native species\nand species diversity were very low, suggesting that targets of restoring vegetation to pre-invasion conditions were not met. Longer evaluation periods are needed to adequately evaluate how short-term post-treatment patterns translate to long-term patterns of plant community dynamics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Weed Science Society of America","doi":"10.1614/IPSM-D-13-00064.1","usgsCitation":"Ostoja, S.M., Brooks, M.L., Dudley, T., and Lee, S.R., 2014, Short-term vegetation response following mechanical control of saltcedar (<i>Tamarix</i> spp.) on the Virgin River, Nevada, USA: Invasive Plant Science and Management, v. 7, no. 2, p. 310-319, https://doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-13-00064.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"310","endPage":"319","ipdsId":"IP-051480","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293603,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-13-00064.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Virgin River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0712591,36.794733 ], [ -114.0712591,36.7951327 ], [ -114.070662,36.7951327 ], [ -114.070662,36.794733 ], [ -114.0712591,36.794733 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541157b5e4b0fe7e184a5545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ostoja, Steven M. sostoja@usgs.gov","contributorId":3039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostoja","given":"Steven","email":"sostoja@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":33665,"text":"USDA California Climate Hub, UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":500410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dudley, Tom","contributorId":64496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Tom","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Steven R. 0000-0002-4581-3684 srlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4581-3684","contributorId":5630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Steven","email":"srlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70123855,"text":"70123855 - 2014 - Synergistic interactions between leaf beetle herbivory and fire enhance tamarisk (<i>Tamarix</i> spp.) mortality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-10T11:21:06","indexId":"70123855","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-10T11:16:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1016,"text":"Biological Control","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synergistic interactions between leaf beetle herbivory and fire enhance tamarisk (<i>Tamarix</i> spp.) mortality","docAbstract":"The combined effects of herbivory and fire on plant mortality were investigated using prescribed burns of tamarisk (<i>Tamarix ramosissima</i> Lebed) exposed to herbivory by the saltcedar leaf beetle (Chrysomelidae: <i>Diorhabda carinulata</i> Desbrocher). <i>Tamarix</i> stands in the Humboldt Sink (NV, USA) were divided into three treatments: summer burn (August 2006), fall burn (October 2006) and control (unburned), and litter depth was manipulated to vary fire intensity within burn seasons. A gradient of existing herbivory impact was described with three plant condition metrics prior to fire: reduced proportions of green canopy, percent root crown starch sampled at the height of the growing season (August 2006), and percent root crown starch measured during dormancy (December 2006). August root crown starch concentration and proportion green canopy were strongly correlated, although the proportion green canopy predicted mortality better than August root crown starch. December root crown starch concentration was more depleted in unburned trees and in trees burned during the summer than in fall burn trees. Mortality in summer burned trees was higher than fall burned trees due to higher fire intensity, but December root crown starch available for resprouting in the spring was also lower in summer burned trees. The greatest mortality was observed in trees with the lowest December root crown starch concentration which were exposed to high fire intensity. Disproportionate changes in the slope and curvature of prediction traces as fire intensity and December starch reach reciprocal maximum and minimum levels indicate that beetle herbivory and fire intensity are synergistic.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Control","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.04.010","usgsCitation":"Drus, G., Dudley, T.L., Antonio, C.M., Even, T.J., Brooks, M.L., and Matchett, J., 2014, Synergistic interactions between leaf beetle herbivory and fire enhance tamarisk (<i>Tamarix</i> spp.) mortality: Biological Control, v. 77, p. 29-40, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.04.010.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"40","ipdsId":"IP-041657","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293601,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.04.010"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Humboldt Sink","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.735431,39.904247 ], [ -118.735431,40.041062 ], [ -118.479312,40.041062 ], [ -118.479312,39.904247 ], [ -118.735431,39.904247 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"77","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541157b6e4b0fe7e184a5547","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drus, Gail M.","contributorId":96603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drus","given":"Gail M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, Tom L.","contributorId":59730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Tom","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Antonio, Carla M.","contributorId":99477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antonio","given":"Carla","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Even, Thomas J.","contributorId":6380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Even","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brooks, Matt L.","contributorId":60554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matt","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Matchett, J.R.","contributorId":11535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchett","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70123861,"text":"70123861 - 2014 - Assessing fire effects on forest spatial structure using a fusion of Landsat and airborne LiDAR data in Yosemite National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-10T11:13:48","indexId":"70123861","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-10T11:07:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing fire effects on forest spatial structure using a fusion of Landsat and airborne LiDAR data in Yosemite National Park","docAbstract":"Mosaics of tree clumps and openings are characteristic of forests dominated by frequent, low- and moderate-severity fires. When restoring these fire-suppressed forests, managers often try to reproduce these structures to increase ecosystem resilience. We examined unburned and burned forest structures for 1937 0.81 ha sample areas in Yosemite National Park, USA. We estimated severity for fires from 1984 to 2010 using the Landsat-derived Relativized differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) and measured openings and canopy clumps in five height strata using airborne LiDAR data. Because our study area lacked concurrent field data, we identified methods to allow structural analysis using LiDAR data alone. We found three spatial structures, canopy-gap, clump-open, and open, that differed in spatial arrangement and proportion of canopy and openings. As fire severity increased, the total area in canopy decreased while the number of clumps increased, creating a patchwork of openings and multistory tree clumps. The presence of openings > 0.3 ha, an approximate minimum gap size needed to favor shade-intolerant pine regeneration, increased rapidly with loss of canopy area. The range and variation of structures for a given fire severity were specific to each forest type. Low- to moderate-severity fires best replicated the historic clump-opening patterns that were common in forests with frequent fire regimes. Our results suggest that managers consider the following goals for their forest restoration: 1) reduce total canopy cover by breaking up large contiguous areas into variable-sized tree clumps and scattered large individual trees; 2) create a range of opening sizes and shapes, including ~ 50% of the open area in gaps > 0.3 ha; 3) create multistory clumps in addition to single story clumps; 4) retain historic densities of large trees; and 5) vary treatments to include canopy-gap, clump-open, and open mosaics across project areas to mimic the range of patterns found for each forest type in our study.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2013.07.041","usgsCitation":"Kane, V., North, M.P., Lutz, J.A., Churchill, D.J., Roberts, S.L., Smith, D.F., McGaughey, R.J., Kane, J.T., and Brooks, M.L., 2014, Assessing fire effects on forest spatial structure using a fusion of Landsat and airborne LiDAR data in Yosemite National Park: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 151, p. 89-101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.07.041.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"101","ipdsId":"IP-045760","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293600,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293599,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.07.041"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.886496,37.494762 ], [ -119.886496,38.185228 ], [ -119.195416,38.185228 ], [ -119.195416,37.494762 ], [ -119.886496,37.494762 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"151","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541157b1e4b0fe7e184a5531","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, Van R.","contributorId":25873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Van R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"North, Malcolm P.","contributorId":9975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"North","given":"Malcolm","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lutz, James A.","contributorId":61350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Churchill, Derek J.","contributorId":16763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Churchill","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roberts, Susan L.","contributorId":85312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Douglas F.","contributorId":76235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McGaughey, Robert J.","contributorId":36865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGaughey","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kane, Jonathan T.","contributorId":16329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70123974,"text":"70123974 - 2014 - Effects of suspended sediment concentration and grain size on three optical turbidity sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-10T11:04:12","indexId":"70123974","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-10T11:01:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2457,"text":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of suspended sediment concentration and grain size on three optical turbidity sensors","docAbstract":"<p>Purpose: Optical turbidity sensors have been successfully used to determine suspended sediment flux in rivers, assuming the relation between the turbidity signal and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) has been appropriately calibrated. Sediment size, shape and colour affect turbidity and are important to incorporate into the calibration process.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Materials and methods: This study evaluates the effect of SSC and particle size (i.e. medium sand, fine sand, very fine sand, and fines (silt + clay)) on the sensitivity of the turbidity signal. Three different turbidity sensors were used, with photo detectors positioned at 90 and 180 degrees relative to the axis of incident light. Five different sediment ratios of sand:fines (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0) were also evaluated for a single SSC (1000 mg l<sup>-1</sup>).</p>\n<br>\n<p>Results and discussion: The photo detectors positioned at 90 degrees were more sensitive than sensor positioned at 180 degrees in reading a wide variety of grain size particles. On average for the three turbidity sensors, the sensitivity for fines were 170, 40, and 4 times greater than sensitivities for medium sand, fine sand, and very fine sand, respectively. For an SSC of 1000 mg l<sup>-1</sup> with the treatments composed of different proportions of sand and fines, the presence of sand in the mixture linearly reduced the turbidity signal.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Conclusions: The results indicate that calibration of the turbidity signal should be carried out in situ and that the attenuation of the turbidity signal due to sand can be corrected, as long as the proportion of sand in the SSC can be estimated.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11368-013-0813-0","usgsCitation":"Merten, G., Capel, P.D., and Minella, J., 2014, Effects of suspended sediment concentration and grain size on three optical turbidity sensors: Journal of Soils and Sediments, v. 14, no. 7, p. 1235-1241, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-013-0813-0.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1235","endPage":"1241","ipdsId":"IP-042816","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293592,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-013-0813-0"}],"volume":"14","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541157b3e4b0fe7e184a5539","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merten, Gustavo Henrique","contributorId":62530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merten","given":"Gustavo Henrique","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minella, Jean","contributorId":69485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minella","given":"Jean","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70123976,"text":"70123976 - 2014 - Determination of the exposure parameters that maximise the concentrations of the anaesthetic/sedative eugenol in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) skin-on fillet tissue","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-10T11:22:32","indexId":"70123976","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-10T10:55:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1681,"text":"Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of the exposure parameters that maximise the concentrations of the anaesthetic/sedative eugenol in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) skin-on fillet tissue","docAbstract":"Studies were conducted to determine the anaesthetic/sedative concentrations and durations that would maximize anaesthetic/sedative residue concentrations in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) skin-on fillet tissue. Rainbow trout (167–404 g) were exposed to 50 mg l<sup>−1</sup> AQUI-S® 20E (10% active ingredient, eugenol) in 17°C freshwater for durations up to 1440 min, 100 and 250 mg l<sup>−1</sup> AQUI-S® 20E for durations up to 240 min, and 500 and 1000 mg l<sup>−1</sup> AQUI-S® 20E for durations up to 90 min. Fish exposed to 100 mg l<sup>−1</sup> AQUI-S® 20E for durations of 30, 60, 120 and 240 min had the greatest eugenol concentrations in the fillet tissue, 50, 58, 54 and 62 µg g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. All other exposure concentrations and durations resulted in significantly lower eugenol concentrations, i.e. all < 39 µg g<sup>−1</sup>.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2014.939720","usgsCitation":"Meinertz, J.R., Porcher, S.T., and Smerud, J.R., 2014, Determination of the exposure parameters that maximise the concentrations of the anaesthetic/sedative eugenol in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) skin-on fillet tissue: Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, v. 31, no. 9, p. 1522-1528, https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2014.939720.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1522","endPage":"1528","ipdsId":"IP-054388","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293597,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293593,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2014.939720"}],"volume":"31","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541157b2e4b0fe7e184a5537","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinertz, Jeffery R. 0000-0002-8855-2648 jmeinertz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-2648","contributorId":2495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinertz","given":"Jeffery","email":"jmeinertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Porcher, Scott T. sporcher@usgs.gov","contributorId":5030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porcher","given":"Scott","email":"sporcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smerud, Justin R. 0000-0003-4385-7437 jrsmerud@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-7437","contributorId":5031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smerud","given":"Justin","email":"jrsmerud@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70123972,"text":"70123972 - 2014 - Lacustrine responses to decreasing wet mercury deposition rates: results from a case study in northern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:27:34","indexId":"70123972","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-10T10:48:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lacustrine responses to decreasing wet mercury deposition rates: results from a case study in northern Minnesota","docAbstract":"We present a case study comparing metrics of methylmercury (MeHg) contamination for four undeveloped lakes in Voyageurs National Park to wet atmospheric deposition of mercury (Hg), sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>–2</sup>), and hydrogen ion (H<sup>+</sup>) in northern Minnesota. Annual wet Hg, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>–2</sup>, and H<sup>+</sup> deposition rates at two nearby precipitation monitoring sites indicate considerable decreases from 1998 to 2012 (mean decreases of 32, 48, and 66%, respectively). Consistent with decreases in the atmospheric pollutants, epilimnetic aqueous methylmercury (MeHg<sub>aq</sub>) and mercury in small yellow perch (Hg<sub>fish</sub>) decreased in two of four lakes (mean decreases of 46.5% and 34.5%, respectively, between 2001 and 2012). Counter to decreases in the atmospheric pollutants, MeHg<sub>aq</sub> increased by 85% in a third lake, whereas Hg<sub>fish</sub> increased by 80%. The fourth lake had two disturbances in its watershed during the study period (forest fire; changes in shoreline inundation due to beaver activity); this lake lacked overall trends in MeHg<sub>aq</sub> and Hg<sub>fish</sub>. The diverging responses among the study lakes exemplify the complexity of ecosystem responses to decreased loads of atmospheric pollutants.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es500301a","usgsCitation":"Brigham, M.E., Sandheinrich, M.B., Gay, D., Maki, R., Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Wiener, J.G., 2014, Lacustrine responses to decreasing wet mercury deposition rates: results from a case study in northern Minnesota: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, no. 11, p. 6115-6123, https://doi.org/10.1021/es500301a.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"6115","endPage":"6123","ipdsId":"IP-051280","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es500301a","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293591,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es500301a"},{"id":293596,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Voyageurs National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.203689,48.299689 ], [ -93.203689,48.631628 ], [ -92.453285,48.631628 ], [ -92.453285,48.299689 ], [ -93.203689,48.299689 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541157b4e4b0fe7e184a553d","chorus":{"doi":"10.1021/es500301a","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es500301a","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","authors":"Brigham Mark E., Sandheinrich Mark B., Gay David A., Maki Ryan P., Krabbenhoft David P., Wiener James G.","journalName":"Environmental Science & Technology","publicationDate":"6/3/2014","auditedOn":"3/4/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"6/3/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brigham, Mark E. 0000-0001-7412-6800 mbrigham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7412-6800","contributorId":1840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"Mark","email":"mbrigham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandheinrich, Mark B.","contributorId":86736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandheinrich","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gay, David A.","contributorId":68022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gay","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maki, Ryan P.","contributorId":100111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maki","given":"Ryan P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wiener, James G.","contributorId":93853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiener","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":17913,"text":"River Studies Center, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":500487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70123817,"text":"70123817 - 2014 - Comparative reproductive biology of sympatric species: Nest and chick survival of American avocets and black-necked stilts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:11:06","indexId":"70123817","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-10T10:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2190,"text":"Journal of Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative reproductive biology of sympatric species: Nest and chick survival of American avocets and black-necked stilts","docAbstract":"<p>Identifying differences in reproductive success rates of closely related and sympatrically breeding species can be useful for understanding limitations to population growth. We simultaneously examined the reproductive ecology of American avocets <em>Recurvirostra americana</em> and black-necked stilts <em>Himantopus mexicanus</em> using 1274 monitored nests and 240 radio-marked chicks in San Francisco Bay, California. Although there were 1.8 times more avocet nests than stilt nests, stilts nonetheless fledged 3.3 times more chicks. Greater production by stilts than avocets was the result of greater chick survival from hatching to fledging (avocet: 6%; stilt: 40%), and not because of differences in clutch size (avocet: 3.84; stilt: 3.77), nest survival (avocet: 44%; stilt: 35%), or egg hatching success (avocet: 90%; stilt: 92%). We reviewed the literature and confirmed that nest survival and hatching success are generally similar when avocets and stilts breed sympatrically. In addition to species, chick survival was strongly influenced by age, site, and year. In particular, daily survival rates increased rapidly with chick age, with 70% of mortalities occurring &le; 1 week after hatch. California gulls <em>Larus californicus</em> caused 55% of avocet, but only 15% of stilt, chick deaths. Differential use of micro-habitats likely reduced stilt chick&rsquo;s vulnerability to gull predation, particularly during the first week after hatch, because stilts nested in vegetation 2.7 times more often than avocets and vegetation height was 65% taller at stilt nests compared with avocet nests. Our results demonstrate that two co-occurring and closely related species with similar life history strategies can differ markedly in reproductive success, and simultaneous studies of such species can identify differences that limit productivity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jav.00385","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, J., Herzog, M., Takekawa, J.Y., and Hartman, C.A., 2014, Comparative reproductive biology of sympatric species: Nest and chick survival of American avocets and black-necked stilts: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 45, no. 6, p. 609-623, https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.00385.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"609","endPage":"623","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052734","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293590,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293525,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jav.00385"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.6325,36.8942 ], [ -123.6325,38.8642 ], [ -121.2082,38.8642 ], [ -121.2082,36.8942 ], [ -123.6325,36.8942 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"45","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541157b2e4b0fe7e184a5533","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. mherzog@usgs.gov","contributorId":3965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark P.","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hartman, Christopher A. chartman@usgs.gov","contributorId":5242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"Christopher","email":"chartman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70123828,"text":"70123828 - 2014 - Mycoplasmosis and upper respiratory tract disease of tortoises: a review and update","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-10T10:29:16","indexId":"70123828","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-10T10:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3584,"text":"The Veterinary Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mycoplasmosis and upper respiratory tract disease of tortoises: a review and update","docAbstract":"<p>Tortoise mycoplasmosis is one of the most extensively characterized infectious diseases of chelonians. A 1989 outbreak of upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) in free-ranging Agassiz's desert tortoises (<i>Gopherus agassizii</i>) brought together an investigative team of researchers, diagnosticians, pathologists, immunologists and clinicians from multiple institutions and agencies. Electron microscopic studies of affected tortoises revealed a microorganism in close association with the nasal mucosa that subsequently was identified as a new species, <i>Mycoplasma agassizii</i>. Over the next 24 years, a second causative agent, <i>Mycoplasma testudineum</i>, was discovered, the geographic distribution and host range of tortoise mycoplasmosis were expanded, diagnostic tests were developed and refined for antibody and pathogen detection, transmission studies confirmed the pathogenicity of the original <i>M. agassizii</i> isolate, clinical (and subclinical) disease and laboratory abnormalities were characterized, many extrinsic and predisposing factors were found to play a role in morbidity and mortality associated with mycoplasmal infection, and social behavior was implicated in disease transmission.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The translation of scientific research into management decisions has sometimes led to undesirable outcomes, such as euthanasia of clinically healthy tortoises. In this article, we review and assess current research on tortoise mycoplasmosis, arguably the most important chronic infectious disease of wild and captive North American and European tortoises, and update the implications for management and conservation of tortoises in the wild.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Veterinary Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.039","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, E., Brown, M., Wendland, L., Brown, D.R., Klein, P.A., Christopher, M.M., and Berry, K.H., 2014, Mycoplasmosis and upper respiratory tract disease of tortoises: a review and update: The Veterinary Journal, v. 201, no. 3, p. 257-264, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.039.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"264","ipdsId":"IP-053866","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472770,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.039","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293588,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293587,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.039"}],"volume":"201","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541157b5e4b0fe7e184a5541","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Elliott R.","contributorId":68630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Elliott R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Mary B.","contributorId":48072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Mary B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wendland, Lori","contributorId":60552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wendland","given":"Lori","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Daniel R.","contributorId":65396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klein, Paul A.","contributorId":44085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Christopher, Mary M.","contributorId":44473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christopher","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Berry, Kristin H. 0000-0003-1591-8394 kristin_berry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","email":"kristin_berry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70123890,"text":"70123890 - 2014 - Annual migratory patterns of long-billed curlews in the American west","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T13:29:30","indexId":"70123890","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-10T09:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual migratory patterns of long-billed curlews in the American west","docAbstract":"Effective conservation of migratory species requires comprehensive knowledge of annual movement patterns. Such information is sparse for the Long-billed Curlew (<i>Numenius americanus</i>), a North American endemic shorebird of conservation concern. To test hypotheses about individual and area differences in migratory patterns across western North America, we tagged 29 curlews with satellite transmitters at breeding sites in Oregon, Nevada, and Montana. Transmissions from 28 birds for up to 4 years demonstrated that all wintered within the species’ known winter range, including 9 from Oregon tracked to agricultural areas of California’s Central Valley; 5 from Nevada tracked to the Central Valley, northern Gulf of California, or west coast of Baja California, Mexico; and 14 from Montana that wintered inland, from the Texas Panhandle south to the Mexican Plateau, or near the Gulf of Mexico. Montana breeders migrated east of the Rocky Mountains and traveled more than twice the distance of Oregon and Nevada breeders.  Montana birds also stopped more often and longer during most passages. As a group, curlews arrived on their Oregon breeding grounds earlier than in Montana, while males preceded females in Montana and possibly Oregon. No consistent pattern emerged between sexes in departure from breeding areas, although within pairs males departed later than their mates. Individuals exhibited strong fidelity to breeding and wintering sites, and many birds showed a strong propensity for agricultural regions during winter. Our results underscore the importance of studying","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-12-185-R2.1","usgsCitation":"Page, G.W., Warnock, N., Tibbitts, T.L., Jorgensen, D., Hartman, C., and Stenzel, L.E., 2014, Annual migratory patterns of long-billed curlews in the American west: The Condor, v. 116, p. 50-61, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-12-185-R2.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"61","ipdsId":"IP-045096","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-12-185-r2.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Q85XOM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Tracking Data for Long-billed Curlews (Numenius americanus)"},{"id":293582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293571,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-12-185-R2.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana;Nevada;Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.6129,35.0 ], [ -124.6129,49.0014 ], [ -104.0396,49.0014 ], [ -104.0396,35.0 ], [ -124.6129,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541157b0e4b0fe7e184a552f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, Gary W.","contributorId":46015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warnock, Nils","contributorId":64534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warnock","given":"Nils","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tibbitts, T. Lee 0000-0002-0290-7592 ltibbitts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-7592","contributorId":140455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"T.","email":"ltibbitts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jorgensen, Dennis","contributorId":34442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"Dennis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hartman, C. Alex","contributorId":48851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"C. Alex","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stenzel, Lynne E.","contributorId":70298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenzel","given":"Lynne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70117082,"text":"tm11C9 - 2014 - The Pedestrian Evacuation Analyst: geographic information systems software for modeling hazard evacuation potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-10T10:15:53","indexId":"tm11C9","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-10T09:16:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"11-C9","title":"The Pedestrian Evacuation Analyst: geographic information systems software for modeling hazard evacuation potential","docAbstract":"<p>Recent disasters such as the 2011 Tohoku, Japan, earthquake and tsunami; the 2013 Colorado floods; and the 2014 Oso, Washington, mudslide have raised awareness of catastrophic, sudden-onset hazards that arrive within minutes of the events that trigger them, such as local earthquakes or landslides. Due to the limited amount of time between generation and arrival of sudden-onset hazards, evacuations are typically self-initiated, on foot, and across the landscape (Wood and Schmidtlein, 2012). Although evacuation to naturally occurring high ground may be feasible in some vulnerable communities, evacuation modeling has demonstrated that other communities may require vertical-evacuation structures within a hazard zone, such as berms or buildings, if at-risk individuals are to survive some types of sudden-onset hazards (Wood and Schmidtlein, 2013).</p>\n<br>\n<p>Researchers use both static least-cost-distance (LCD) and dynamic agent-based models to assess the pedestrian evacuation potential of vulnerable communities. Although both types of models help to understand the evacuation landscape, LCD models provide a more general overview that is independent of population distributions, which may be difficult to quantify given the dynamic spatial and temporal nature of populations (Wood and Schmidtlein, 2012). Recent LCD efforts related to local tsunami threats have focused on an anisotropic (directionally dependent) path distance modeling approach that incorporates travel directionality, multiple travel speed assumptions, and cost surfaces that reflect variations in slope and land cover (Wood and Schmidtlein, 2012, 2013).</p>\n<br>\n<p>The Pedestrian Evacuation Analyst software implements this anisotropic path-distance approach for pedestrian evacuation from sudden-onset hazards, with a particular focus at this time on local tsunami threats. The model estimates evacuation potential based on elevation, direction of movement, land cover, and travel speed and creates a map showing travel times to safety (a time map) throughout a hazard zone. Model results provide a general, static view of the evacuation landscape at different pedestrian travel speeds and can be used to identify areas outside the reach of naturally occurring high ground. In addition, data on the size and location of different populations within the hazard zone can be integrated with travel-time maps to create tables and graphs of at-risk population counts as a function of travel time to safety. As a decision-support tool, the Pedestrian Evacuation Analyst provides the capability to evaluate the effectiveness of various vertical-evacuation structures within a study area, both through time maps of the modeled travel-time landscape with a potential structure in place and through comparisons of population counts within reach of safety.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The Pedestrian Evacuation Analyst is designed for use by researchers examining the pedestrian-evacuation potential of an at-risk community. In communities where modeled evacuation times exceed the event (for example, tsunami wave) arrival time, researchers can use the software with emergency managers to assess the area and population served by potential vertical-evacuation options. By automating and managing the modeling process, the software allows researchers to concentrate efforts on providing crucial and timely information on community vulnerability to sudden-onset hazards.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section C: Geographic Information Systems tools and applications in Book 11  <i>Collection and Delineation of Spatial Data</i>","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm11C9","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 9 of Section C: Geographic Information Systems tools and applications in Book 11  <i>Collection and Delineation of Spatial Data</i>","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.M., Ng, P., and Wood, N.J., 2014, The Pedestrian Evacuation Analyst: geographic information systems software for modeling hazard evacuation potential: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 11-C9, vi, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm11C9.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052578","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293581,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm11C9.jpg"},{"id":293580,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11/c09/pdf/tm11-c9.pdf"},{"id":293576,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11/c09"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541157b6e4b0fe7e184a5549","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Jeanne M. 0000-0001-7549-9270 jmjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7549-9270","contributorId":4676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Jeanne","email":"jmjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ng, Peter 0000-0001-8509-5544 png@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8509-5544","contributorId":3317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ng","given":"Peter","email":"png@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, Nathan J. 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70123460,"text":"ofr20141189 - 2014 - Waterbird egg mercury concentrations in response to wetland restoration in south San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:21:09","indexId":"ofr20141189","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-10T09:02:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1189","title":"Waterbird egg mercury concentrations in response to wetland restoration in south San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"<p>The conversion of 50–90 percent of 15,100 acres of former salt evaporation ponds to tidal marsh habitat in the south San Francisco Bay, California, is planned as part of the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project. This large-scale habitat restoration may change the bioavailability of methylmercury. The South Bay already is known to have high methylmercury concentrations, with methylmercury concentrations in several waterbirds species more than known toxicity thresholds where avian reproduction is impaired. </p>\n<br>\n<p>In this 2013 study, we continued monitoring bird egg mercury concentrations in response to the restoration of the Pond A8/A7/A5 Complex to a potential tidal marsh in the future. The restoration of the Pond A8/A7/A5 Complex began in autumn 2010, and the Pond A8 Notch was opened 5 feet (one of eight gates) to muted tidal action on June 1, 2011, and then closed in the winter. In autumn 2010, internal levees between Ponds A8, A7, and A5 were breached and water depths were substantially increased by flooding the Pond A8/A7/A5 Complex in February 2011. In June 2012, 15 feet (three of eight gates) of the Pond A8 Notch was opened, and then closed in December 2012. In June 2013, 15 feet of the Pond A8 Notch again was opened, and the Pond A8/A7/A5 Complex was a relatively deep and large pond with muted tidal action in the summer. </p>\n<br>\n<p>This report synthesizes waterbird data from the 2013 breeding season, and combines it with our prior study’s data from 2010 and 2011.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141189","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, J., Herzog, M., Hartman, C.A., Watts, T.C., and Barr, J.R., 2014, Waterbird egg mercury concentrations in response to wetland restoration in south San Francisco Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1189, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141189.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057717","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141189.jpg"},{"id":293574,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1189/"},{"id":293579,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1189/pdf/ofr2014-1189.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.6325,36.8942 ], [ -123.6325,38.8642 ], [ -121.2082,38.8642 ], [ -121.2082,36.8942 ], [ -123.6325,36.8942 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541157b7e4b0fe7e184a554d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. mherzog@usgs.gov","contributorId":3965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark P.","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartman, Christopher A. chartman@usgs.gov","contributorId":5242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"Christopher","email":"chartman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watts, Trevor C. twatts@usgs.gov","contributorId":5698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Trevor","email":"twatts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":500143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barr, Jarred R. jrbarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":5699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barr","given":"Jarred","email":"jrbarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":500144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70171443,"text":"70171443 - 2014 - Factors influencing successful eradication of nonnative brook trout from four small Rocky Mountain streams using electrofishing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T13:25:52","indexId":"70171443","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-10T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing successful eradication of nonnative brook trout from four small Rocky Mountain streams using electrofishing","docAbstract":"<p><span>We successfully eradicated nonnative Brook Trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i><span>&nbsp;by electrofishing from 2.4- to 3.0-km treatment reaches of four Rocky Mountain streams in Montana to conserve sympatric populations of native Westslope Cutthroat Trout&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi</i><span>. At least 6, and as many as 14, removal treatments of two to four electrofishing passes per treatment were required to successfully eradicate Brook Trout from these treatment reaches. We increased success by modifying our treatment efforts during this study from single annual treatments to several treatments a year to take advantage of autumn spawning and winter aggregating behavior. Eradication by electrofishing cost US \\$3,500 to \\$5,500 per kilometer where no riparian vegetation or woody debris clearing was necessary, increasing to \\$8,000 to \\$9,000 per kilometer where clearing was needed. Treatment costs without stream clearing were similar to costs of eradication using piscicides. Eradication by electrofishing may be preferable where native fish occur in sympatry with nonnative fish in smaller streams (base flow wetted widths </span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2014.942042","usgsCitation":"Shepard, B.B., Nelson, L.M., Taper, M.L., and Zale, A.V., 2014, Factors influencing successful eradication of nonnative brook trout from four small Rocky Mountain streams using electrofishing: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 34, no. 5, p. 988-997, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2014.942042.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"988","endPage":"997","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054488","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood Creek, Craver Creek, Muskrat Creek, Spring, Staubach Creek, Whites Creek, Upper Missouri River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.48876953125,\n              45.22848059584359\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.48876953125,\n              47.41322033016902\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0625,\n              47.41322033016902\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0625,\n              45.22848059584359\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.48876953125,\n              45.22848059584359\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57500762e4b0ee97d51bb5e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shepard, Bradley B.","contributorId":57327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shepard","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Lee M.","contributorId":169853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5099,"text":"Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taper, Mark L.","contributorId":105192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taper","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zale, Alexander V. 0000-0003-1703-885X zale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-885X","contributorId":3010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zale","given":"Alexander","email":"zale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70122729,"text":"fs20143085 - 2014 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:25:43","indexId":"fs20143085","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-09T16:37:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3085","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Arizona, elevation data are critical for infrastructure and construction management, natural resources conservation, flood risk management, geologic resource assessment and hazard mitigation, agriculture and precision farming, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.</p>\n<p>The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A&ndash;16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation&rsquo;s natural and constructed features.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143085","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2014, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3085, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143085.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059204","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial 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Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70116816,"text":"70116816 - 2014 - Rancher and farmer quality of life in the midst of energy development in southwest Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-09T15:56:32","indexId":"70116816","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-09T15:50:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":234,"text":"WLCI Fact Sheet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"5","title":"Rancher and farmer quality of life in the midst of energy development in southwest Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>Quality of life (QOL) is usually defined as a person’s general well-being, and may include individual perceptions of a variety of factors such family, work, finances, local community services, community relationships, surrounding environment, and other important aspects of their life, ultimately leading to life satisfaction. Energy development can have an effect on QOL components for rural residents. Southwest Wyoming is a rural area with a history of ranching and farming which continues today. This area has also seen a “boom” of increasing wind, solar, oil and gas energy developments over the past decade. Wyoming Department of Agriculture, as part of the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI), sponsored research to examine the effect of energy development on ranchers’ and farmers’ quality of life.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative","publisherLocation":"Rock Springs, WY","usgsCitation":"Allen, L., Montag, J., Lyon, K., Soileau, S., and Schuster, R., 2014, Rancher and farmer quality of life in the midst of energy development in southwest Wyoming: WLCI Fact Sheet 5, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-041855","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293561,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70116816.jpg"},{"id":293560,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wlci/fs/5/pdf/wlci5.pdf"},{"id":293554,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wlci/fs/5/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Carbon County;Lincoln County;Sublette County;Sweetwater County;Uinta County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.0413,40.9947 ], [ -111.0413,43.4648 ], [ -105.9889,43.4648 ], [ -105.9889,40.9947 ], [ -111.0413,40.9947 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54100632e4b07ab1cd98080d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Leslie laallen@usgs.gov","contributorId":107207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Leslie","email":"laallen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montag, Jessica","contributorId":40057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montag","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyon, Katie","contributorId":36406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyon","given":"Katie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Soileau, Suzanna 0000-0002-4331-0098","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-0098","contributorId":57349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soileau","given":"Suzanna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schuster, Rudy 0000-0003-2353-8500 schusterr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2353-8500","contributorId":3119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Rudy","email":"schusterr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70059134,"text":"70059134 - 2014 - Identifying sources of aeolian mineral dust: Present and past","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-13T14:42:44","indexId":"70059134","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-09T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Identifying sources of aeolian mineral dust: Present and past","docAbstract":"<p>Aeolian mineral dust is an important component of the Earth&rsquo;s environmental systems, playing roles in the planetary radiation balance, as a source of fertilizer for biota in both terrestrial and marine realms and as an archive for understanding atmospheric circulation and paleoclimate in the geologic past. Crucial to understanding all of these roles of dust is the identification of dust sources. Here we review the methods used to identify dust sources active at present and in the past. Contemporary dust sources, produced by both glaciogenic and non-glaciogenic processes, can be readily identified by the use of Earth-orbiting satellites. These data show that present dust sources are concentrated in a global dust belt that encompasses large topographic basins in low-latitude arid and semiarid regions. Geomorphic studies indicate that specific point sources for dust in this zone include dry or ephemeral lakes, intermittent stream courses, dune fields, and some bedrock surfaces. Back-trajectory analyses are also used to identify dust sources, through modeling of wind fields and the movement of air parcels over periods of several days. Identification of dust sources from the past requires novel approaches that are part of the geologic toolbox of provenance studies. Identification of most dust sources of the past requires the use of physical, mineralogical, geochemical, and isotopic analyses of dust deposits. Physical properties include systematic spatial changes in dust deposit thickness and particle size away from a source. Mineralogy and geochemistry can pinpoint dust sources by clay mineral ratios and Sc-Th-La abundances, respectively. The most commonly used isotopic methods utilize isotopes of Nd, Sr, and Pb and have been applied extensively in dust archives of deep-sea cores, ice cores, and loess. All these methods have shown that dust sources have changed over time, with far more abundant dust supplies existing during glacial periods. Greater dust supplies in glacial periods are likely due to greater production of glaciogenic dust particles from expanded ice sheets and mountain glaciers, but could also include dust inputs from exposed continental and insular shelves now submerged. Future dust sources are difficult to assess, but will likely differ from those of the present because of global warming. Global warming could bring about shifts in dust sources by changes in degree or type of vegetation cover, changes in wind strength, and increases or decreases in the size of water bodies. A major uncertainty in assessing dust sources of the future is related to changes inhuman land use, which could affect land surface cover, particularly due to increased agricultural endeavors and water usage.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineral dust: A key player in the earth system","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-8978-3","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D.R., Prospero, J., Baddock, M.C., and Gill, T., 2014, Identifying sources of aeolian mineral dust: Present and past, chap. <i>of</i> Mineral dust: A key player in the earth system, p. 51-74, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8978-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045657","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Global","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564717cbe4b0e2669b313114","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R","contributorId":118290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prospero, Joseph M","contributorId":118520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prospero","given":"Joseph M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baddock, Matthew C","contributorId":117410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baddock","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gill, Thomas E","contributorId":119945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Thomas E","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70133958,"text":"70133958 - 2014 - A portable freshwater closed-system fish egg incubation system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T19:08:26.05669","indexId":"70133958","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-09T13:08:04","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2885,"text":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A portable freshwater closed-system fish egg incubation system","docAbstract":"<p><span>To identify fish eggs collected in the field to species, a portable closed‐system fish egg incubation system was designed and used to incubate and hatch the eggs in the laboratory. The system is portable, small in scale (2.54 × 1.52 × 2.03&nbsp;m), and affordable, with the approximate cost of the system being US$8,300 (2012). The main tank is 678 L and holds a battery of up to 21 (egg) incubation jars. The system includes three independent water pumping systems to (1) provide aerated water to hatching jars, (2) filter and sterilize incubation water, and (3) provide temperature‐controlled water in the main tank bath and the incubation jars. The system was successfully used to incubate freshwater fish eggs to raise resulting larvae to the post‐yolk‐sac stage for three seasons (spring 2012, spring 2013, and fall 2013) over two consecutive years, at two different locations, enabling us to identify fish eggs to species by providing identifiable fish larvae from incubated fish eggs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/15222055.2014.933751","usgsCitation":"Sutherland, J.L., Manny, B.A., Kennedy, G.W., Roseman, E., Allen, J.D., and Black, M.G., 2014, A portable freshwater closed-system fish egg incubation system: North American Journal of Aquaculture, v. 76, no. 4, p. 391-398, https://doi.org/10.1080/15222055.2014.933751.","productDescription":"8 p,","startPage":"391","endPage":"398","ipdsId":"IP-055714","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546f10e0e4b057be23d4a72e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutherland, Jenny L. jsutherland@usgs.gov","contributorId":5874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutherland","given":"Jenny","email":"jsutherland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, Gregory W. 0000-0003-1686-6960 gkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-6960","contributorId":3700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Gregory","email":"gkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roseman, Edward F. eroseman@usgs.gov","contributorId":534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","email":"eroseman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, Jeffrey D. jdallen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdallen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Black, M. Glen gblack@usgs.gov","contributorId":2394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"M.","email":"gblack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Glen","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70125285,"text":"70125285 - 2014 - Extracellular enzyme kinetics scale with resource availability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-16T11:56:15","indexId":"70125285","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-09T10:18:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extracellular enzyme kinetics scale with resource availability","docAbstract":"Microbial community metabolism relies on external digestion, mediated by extracellular enzymes that break down complex organic matter into molecules small enough for cells to assimilate. We analyzed the kinetics of 40 extracellular enzymes that mediate the degradation and assimilation of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus by diverse aquatic and terrestrial microbial communities (1160 cases). Regression analyses were conducted by habitat (aquatic and terrestrial), enzyme class (hydrolases and oxidoreductases) and assay methodology (low affinity and high affinity substrates) to relate potential reaction rates to substrate availability. Across enzyme classes and habitats, the scaling relationships between apparent V<sub>max</sub> and apparent K<sub>m</sub> followed similar power laws with exponents of 0.44 to 0.67. These exponents, called elasticities, were not statistically distinct from a central value of 0.50, which occurs when the K<sub>m</sub> of an enzyme equals substrate concentration, a condition optimal for maintenance of steady state. We also conducted an ecosystem scale analysis of ten extracellular hydrolase activities in relation to soil and sediment organic carbon (2,000–5,000 cases/enzyme) that yielded elasticities near 1.0 (0.9 ± 0.2, n = 36). At the metabolomic scale, the elasticity of extracellular enzymatic reactions is the proportionality constant that connects the C:N:P stoichiometries of organic matter and ecoenzymatic activities. At the ecosystem scale, the elasticity of extracellular enzymatic reactions shows that organic matter ultimately limits effective enzyme binding sites. Our findings suggest that one mechanism by which microbial communities maintain homeostasis is regulating extracellular enzyme expression to optimize the short-term responsiveness of substrate acquisition. The analyses also show that, like elemental stoichiometry, the fundamental attributes of enzymatic reactions can be extrapolated from biochemical to community and ecosystem scales.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1007/s10533-014-0030-y","usgsCitation":"Sinsabaugh, R.L., Belnap, J., Findlay, S.G., Follstad Shah, J.J., Hill, B.H., Kuehn, K., Kuske, C., Litvak, M.E., Martinez, N.G., Moorhead, D.L., and Warnock, D.D., 2014, Extracellular enzyme kinetics scale with resource availability: Biogeochemistry, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-0030-y.","productDescription":"18 p.","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-057992","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293866,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-0030-y"},{"id":293867,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10533-014-0030-y"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54195132e4b091c7ffc8e689","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sinsabaugh, Robert L.","contributorId":33236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinsabaugh","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Findlay, Stuart G.","contributorId":21877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Findlay","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Follstad Shah, Jennifer J.","contributorId":100762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Follstad Shah","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hill, Brian H.","contributorId":11965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kuehn, Kevin A.","contributorId":87870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuehn","given":"Kevin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kuske, Cheryl","contributorId":22262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuske","given":"Cheryl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Litvak, Marcy E.","contributorId":73932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litvak","given":"Marcy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Martinez, Noelle G.","contributorId":79033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"Noelle","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Moorhead, Daryl L.","contributorId":104412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moorhead","given":"Daryl","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Warnock, Daniel D.","contributorId":93838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warnock","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70126398,"text":"70126398 - 2014 - Size-dependent reactivity of magnetite nanoparticles: a field-laboratory comparison","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:35:18","indexId":"70126398","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-09T10:04:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Size-dependent reactivity of magnetite nanoparticles: a field-laboratory comparison","docAbstract":"Logistic challenges make direct comparisons between laboratory- and field-based investigations into the size-dependent reactivity of nanomaterials difficult. This investigation sought to compare the size-dependent reactivity of nanoparticles in a field setting to a laboratory analog using the specific example of magnetite dissolution. Synthetic magnetite nanoparticles of three size intervals, ∼6 nm, ∼44 nm, and ∼90 nm were emplaced in the subsurface of the USGS research site at the Norman Landfill for up to 30 days using custom-made subsurface nanoparticle holders. Laboratory analog dissolution experiments were conducted using synthetic groundwater. Reaction products were analyzed via TEM and SEM and compared to initial particle characterizations. Field results indicated that an organic coating developed on the particle surfaces largely inhibiting reactivity. Limited dissolution occurred, with the amount of dissolution decreasing as particle size decreased. Conversely, the laboratory analogs without organics revealed greater dissolution of the smaller particles. These results showed that the presence of dissolved organics led to a nearly complete reversal in the size-dependent reactivity trends displayed between the field and laboratory experiments indicating that size-dependent trends observed in laboratory investigations may not be relevant in organic-rich natural systems.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es500172p","usgsCitation":"Swindle, A.L., Elwood Madden, A.S., Cozzarelli, I.M., and Benamara, M., 2014, Size-dependent reactivity of magnetite nanoparticles: a field-laboratory comparison: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, no. 19, p. 11413-11420, https://doi.org/10.1021/es500172p.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"11413","endPage":"11420","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-058257","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294261,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es500172p"}],"volume":"48","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb32e4b08312ac7cf0d9","chorus":{"doi":"10.1021/es500172p","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es500172p","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","authors":"Swindle Andrew L., Madden Andrew S. Elwood, Cozzarelli Isabelle M., Benamara Mourad","journalName":"Environmental Science & Technology","publicationDate":"10/7/2014","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swindle, Andrew L.","contributorId":41759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swindle","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elwood Madden, Andrew S.","contributorId":42150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elwood Madden","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benamara, Mourad","contributorId":52506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benamara","given":"Mourad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70120245,"text":"ofr20141173 - 2014 - Water-chemistry data collected in and near Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawaii, 2012–2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-09T16:13:46","indexId":"ofr20141173","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-09T08:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1173","title":"Water-chemistry data collected in and near Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawaii, 2012–2014","docAbstract":"Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park (KAHO) on western Hawaiʻi was established in 1978 to preserve, interpret, and perpetuate traditional Native Hawaiian culture and activities, including the preservation of a variety of culturally and ecologically significant water resources that are vital to this mission. KAHO water bodies provide habitat for 1 threatened, 11 endangered, and 3 candidate threatened or endangered species. These habitats are sustained by, and in the case of ʻAimakapā Fishpond and the anchialine pools, entirely dependent on, groundwater from the Keauhou aquifer system. Development of inland impounded groundwater in the Keauhou aquifer system may affect the coastal freshwater-lens system on which KAHO depends, if the inland impounded-groundwater and coastal freshwater-lens systems are hydrologically connected. This report documents water-chemistry results from a U.S. Geological Survey study that collected and analyzed water samples from 2012 to 2014 from 25 sites in and near KAHO to investigate potential geochemical indicators in water that might indicate the presence or absence of a hydrologic connection between the inland impounded-groundwater and coastal freshwater-lens systems in the area. Samples were collected under high-tide and low-tide conditions for KAHO sites, and in dry-season and wet-season conditions for all sites. Samples were collected from two ocean sites, two fishponds, three anchialine pools, and three monitoring wells within KAHO. Two additional nearshore wells were sampled on property adjacent to and north of KAHO. Additional samples from the freshwater-lens system were collected from six inland wells located upslope from KAHO, including three production wells. Seven production wells in the inland impounded-groundwater system also were sampled. Water samples were analyzed for major ions, selected trace elements, rare-earth elements, strontium-isotope ratio, and stable isotopes of water. Precipitation samples from five sites were collected roughly along a transect upslope from KAHO. All precipitation samples were analyzed for stable isotopes of water and some precipitation samples were analyzed for rare-earth and selected trace elements.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141173","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Hawaiʻi Commission on Water Resource Management and the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Tillman, F., Oki, D.S., and Johnson, A.G., 2014, Water-chemistry data collected in and near Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawaii, 2012–2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1173, Report: v, 14 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141173.","productDescription":"Report: v, 14 p.; Tables","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-09-01","ipdsId":"IP-057290","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141173.jpg"},{"id":293477,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1173/pdf/ofr2014-1173.pdf"},{"id":293478,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1173/downloads/ofr2014-1173_tables.xlsx"},{"id":293469,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1173/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kaloko-honokohau National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.045925,19.665068 ], [ -156.045925,19.693891 ], [ -156.016629,19.693891 ], [ -156.016629,19.665068 ], [ -156.045925,19.665068 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54100634e4b07ab1cd980825","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillman, Fred D. 0000-0002-2922-402X ftillman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2922-402X","contributorId":1629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillman","given":"Fred D.","email":"ftillman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oki, Delwyn S. 0000-0002-6913-8804 dsoki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6913-8804","contributorId":1901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oki","given":"Delwyn","email":"dsoki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Adam G. 0000-0003-2448-5746 ajohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2448-5746","contributorId":4752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Adam","email":"ajohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70120234,"text":"sir20145154 - 2014 - An overview comparing results from two decades of monitoring for pesticides in the Nation’s streams and rivers, 1992-2001 and 2002-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-09T08:54:52","indexId":"sir20145154","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-09T08:52:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5154","title":"An overview comparing results from two decades of monitoring for pesticides in the Nation’s streams and rivers, 1992-2001 and 2002-2011","docAbstract":"This report provides an overview of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment program and National Stream Quality Accounting Network findings for pesticide occurrence in U.S. streams and rivers during 2002–11 and compares them to findings for the previous decade (1992–2001). In addition, pesticide stream concentrations were compared to Human Health Benchmarks (HHBs) and chronic Aquatic Life Benchmarks (ALBs). The comparisons between the decades were intended to be simple and descriptive. Trends over time are being evaluated separately in a series of studies involving rigorous trend analysis. During both decades, one or more pesticides or pesticide degradates were detected more than 90 percent of the time in streams across all types of land uses. For individual pesticides during 2002–11, atrazine (and degradate, deethylatrazine), carbaryl, fipronil (and degradates), metolachlor, prometon, and simazine were detected in streams more than 50 percent of the time. In contrast, alachlor, chlorpyrifos, cyanazine, diazinon, EPTC, Dacthal, and tebuthiuron were detected less frequently in streams during the second decade than during the first decade. During 2002–11, only one stream had an annual mean pesticide concentration that exceeded an HHB. In contrast, 17 percent of agriculture land-use streams and one mixed land-use stream had annual mean pesticide concentrations that exceeded HHBs during 1992–2001. The difference between the first and second decades in terms of percent of streams exceeding HHBs was attributed to regulatory changes. During 2002–11, nearly two-thirds of agriculture land-use streams and nearly one-half of mixed land-use streams exceeded chronic ALBs. For urban land use, 90 percent of the streams exceeded a chronic ALB. Fipronil, metolachlor, malathion, cis-permethrin, and dichlorvos exceeded chronic ALBs for more than 10 percent of the streams. For agriculture and mixed land-use streams, the overall percent of streams that exceeded a chronic ALB was very similar between the decades. For urban land-use streams, the percent of streams exceeding a chronic ALB during 2002–11 nearly doubled that seen during 1992–2001. The reason for this difference was the inclusion of fipronil monitoring during the second decade. Across all land-use streams, the percent of streams exceeding a chronic ALB for fipronil during 2002–11 was greater than all other insecticides during both decades. The percent of streams exceeding a chronic ALB for metolachlor, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion, and carbaryl decreased from the first decade to the second decade. The results of the 2002–11 summary and comparison to 1992–2001 are consistent with the results from more rigorous trend analysis of pesticide stream concentrations for individual streams in various regions of the U.S.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145154","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Stone, W.W., Gilliom, R.J., and Martin, J.D., 2014, An overview comparing results from two decades of monitoring for pesticides in the Nation’s streams and rivers, 1992-2001 and 2002-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5154, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145154.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055808","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293482,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145154.jpg"},{"id":293479,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5154/"},{"id":293480,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5154/pdf/sir2014-5154.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.15,24.86 ], [ -125.15,48.99 ], [ -66.95,48.99 ], [ -66.95,24.86 ], [ -125.15,24.86 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54100630e4b07ab1cd9807f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Wesley W. 0000-0003-0239-2063 wwstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-2063","contributorId":1496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Wesley","email":"wwstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1994-5285 jdmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-5285","contributorId":1066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70116961,"text":"sir20145135 - 2014 - Pesticide trends in major rivers of the United States, 1992-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:11:39","indexId":"sir20145135","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-09T08:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5135","title":"Pesticide trends in major rivers of the United States, 1992-2010","docAbstract":"<p>This report is part of a series of pesticide trend assessments led by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. This assessment focuses on major rivers of various sizes throughout the United States that have large watersheds with a range of land uses, changes in pesticide use, changes in management practices, and natural influences typical of the regions being drained.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Trends were assessed at 59 sites for 40 pesticides and pesticide degradates during each of three overlapping periods: 1992–2001, 1997–2006, and 2001–10. In addition to trends in concentration, trends in agricultural-use intensity (agricultural use) were also assessed at 57 of the sites for 35 parent compounds with agricultural uses during the same three periods. The SEAWAVE-Q model was used to analyze trends in concentration, and parametric survival regression for interval-censored data was used to assess trends in agricultural use. All trends are provided in downloadable electronic files.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>A subset of 39 sites was chosen to represent non-nested, generally independent basins for a national analysis of pesticide and agricultural-use trends for the most prevalent pesticides (15 pesticides and 2 degradation products). Graphical and numerical results are presented to provide a national overview of concentration and use trends. As another perspective on understanding pesticide concentration trends in large rivers in relation to multiple tributary watersheds, this report also presents a detailed assessment of concentration and use trends for simazine, metolachlor, atrazine, deethylatrazine, and diazinon for a set of 17 nested sites in the Mississippi River Basin (including the Ohio and Missouri River Basins), for the second and third trend periods.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Pesticides strongly dominated by agricultural use—cyanazine, metolachlor, atrazine, and alachlor—had widespread agreement between concentration trends and agricultural-use trends. Pesticides with substantial use in agricultural and urban applications—simazine, tebuthiuron, Dacthal, pendimethalin, chlorpyrifos, malathion, diazinon, fipronil, carbofuran, and carbaryl—had concentration trends that were mostly explained by a combination of agricultural-use trends and concentration trends in urban streams that were evaluated in a separate companion study. The importance of the urban stream trends for explaining concentration trends in major rivers indicates the significance of nonagricultural uses of some pesticides to concentrations in major rivers despite the much smaller area of urban land use compared to agriculture. Deethylatrazine, a degradate of atrazine, was the only pesticide compound assessed that had frequent occurrences during 1997–2006 and 2001–10 of concentration trends in the opposite direction of use trends (atrazine use). The nested analysis for the Mississippi River indicates that most trends observed in the largest rivers—multiple Mississippi River sites, the Ohio River, and the Missouri River—are consistent with streamflow contributions and concentration trends observed at tributary sites.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Streamflow (incorporated into the trend model and shown in the nested basin analysis), trends in agricultural use of pesticides (quantified in this report), and urban use of pesticides (represented by concentration trends in a companion study of urban streams) are all important influences on pesticide concentrations in streams and rivers. Consideration of these influences is vital to understanding trends in pesticide concentrations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145135","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Ryberg, K.R., Vecchia, A.V., Gilliom, R.J., and Martin, J.D., 2014, Pesticide trends in major rivers of the United States, 1992-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5135, Report: vi, 63 p.; 2 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145135.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 63 p.; 2 Tables","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052669","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293476,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145135.jpg"},{"id":293472,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5135/"},{"id":293473,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5135/pdf/sir2014-5135.pdf"},{"id":293474,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5135/downloads/table06.xlsx"},{"id":293475,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5135/downloads/table05.xlsx"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.15,24.86 ], [ -125.15,48.99 ], [ -66.95,48.99 ], [ -66.95,24.86 ], [ -125.15,24.86 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54100631e4b07ab1cd9807fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryberg, Karen R. 0000-0002-9834-2046 kryberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-2046","contributorId":1172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"Karen","email":"kryberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1994-5285 jdmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-5285","contributorId":1066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70123617,"text":"70123617 - 2014 - Metamorphosis alters contaminants and chemical tracers in insects: implications for food webs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:05:05","indexId":"70123617","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-08T10:27:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metamorphosis alters contaminants and chemical tracers in insects: implications for food webs","docAbstract":"Insects are integral to most freshwater and terrestrial food webs, but due to their accumulation of environmental pollutants they are also contaminant vectors that threaten reproduction, development, and survival of consumers. Metamorphosis from larvae to adult can cause large chemical changes in insects, altering contaminant concentrations and fractionation of chemical tracers used to establish contaminant biomagnification in food webs, but no framework exists for predicting and managing these effects. We analyzed data from 39 studies of 68 analytes (stable isotopes and contaminants), and found that metamorphosis effects varied greatly. δ<sup>15</sup>N, widely used to estimate relative trophic position in biomagnification studies, was enriched by  1‰ during metamorphosis, while δ<sup>13</sup>C used to estimate diet, was similar in larvae and adults. Metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were predominantly lost during metamorphosis leading to  2 to 125-fold higher larval concentrations and higher exposure risks for predators of larvae compared to predators of adults. In contrast, manufactured organic contaminants (such as polychlorinated biphenyls) were retained and concentrated in adults, causing up to  3-fold higher adult concentrations and higher exposure risks to predators of adult insects. Both food web studies and contaminant management and mitigation strategies need to consider how metamorphosis affects the movement of materials between habitats and ecosystems, with special regard for aquatic-terrestrial linkages.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es502970b","usgsCitation":"Kraus, J.M., Walters, D., Wesner, J.S., Stricker, C.A., Schmidt, T., and Zuellig, R.E., 2014, Metamorphosis alters contaminants and chemical tracers in insects: implications for food webs: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, no. 18, p. 10957-10965, https://doi.org/10.1021/es502970b.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"10957","endPage":"10965","ipdsId":"IP-053497","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es502970b","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293468,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es502970b"}],"volume":"48","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"540eb4b1e4b0ba75dc8d7b18","chorus":{"doi":"10.1021/es502970b","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es502970b","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","authors":"Kraus Johanna M., Walters David M., Wesner Jeff S., Stricker Craig A., Schmidt Travis S., Zuellig Robert E.","journalName":"Environmental Science & Technology","publicationDate":"9/16/2014","auditedOn":"3/4/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"9/2/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kraus, Johanna M. 0000-0002-9513-4129 jkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9513-4129","contributorId":4834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Johanna","email":"jkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, David M. 0000-0002-4237-2158 waltersd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4237-2158","contributorId":4444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"David M.","email":"waltersd@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wesner, Jeff S.","contributorId":6754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesner","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmidt, Travis S. 0000-0003-1400-0637 tschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-0637","contributorId":1300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Travis S.","email":"tschmidt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zuellig, Robert E. 0000-0002-4784-2905 rzuellig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4784-2905","contributorId":1620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuellig","given":"Robert","email":"rzuellig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70123761,"text":"70123761 - 2014 - Remote sensing analysis of riparian vegetation response to desert marsh restoration in the Mexican Highlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-09T09:05:26","indexId":"70123761","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-08T09:03:22","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing analysis of riparian vegetation response to desert marsh restoration in the Mexican Highlands","docAbstract":"Desert marshes, or cienegas, are extremely biodiverse habitats imperiled by anthropogenic demands for water and changing climates. Given their widespread loss and increased recognition, remarkably little is known about restoration techniques. In this study, we examine the effects of gabions (wire baskets filled with rocks used as dams) on vegetation in the Cienega San Bernardino, in the Arizona, Sonora portion of the US-Mexico border, using a remote-sensing analysis coupled with field data. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), used here as a proxy for plant biomass, is compared at gabion and control sites over a 27-year period during the driest months (May/June). Over this period, green-up occurred at most sites where there were gabions and at a few of the control sites where gabions had not been constructed. When we statistically controlled for differences among sites in source area, stream order, elevation, and interannual winter rainfall, as well as comparisons of before and after the initiation of gabion construction, vegetation increased around gabions yet did not change (or decreased) where there were no gabions. We found that NDVI does not vary with precipitation inputs prior to construction of gabions but demonstrates a strong response to precipitation after the gabions are built. Field data describing plant cover, species richness, and species composition document increases from 2000 to 2012 and corroborate reestablished biomass at gabions. Our findings validate that gabions can be used to restore riparian vegetation and potentially ameliorate drought conditions in a desert cienega.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.05.012","usgsCitation":"Norman, L.M., Villarreal, M.L., Pulliam, H.R., Minckley, R.L., Gass, L., Tolle, C., and Coe, M., 2014, Remote sensing analysis of riparian vegetation response to desert marsh restoration in the Mexican Highlands: Ecological Engineering, v. 70, p. 241-254, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.05.012.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"254","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-053328","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.05.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293485,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.05.012"}],"country":"Mexico;United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.00,30.00 ], [ -112.00,34.00 ], [ -108.00,34.00 ], [ -108.00,30.00 ], [ -112.00,30.00 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"70","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54101478e4b07ab1cd980aed","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.05.012","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.05.012","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Norman Laura, Villarreal Miguel, Pulliam H. Ronald, Minckley Robert, Gass Leila, Tolle Cindy, Coe Michelle","journalName":"Ecological Engineering","publicationDate":"9/2014","auditedOn":"7/24/2015","publiclyAccessibleDate":"5/28/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406 lnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","email":"lnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Villarreal, Miguel L. 0000-0003-0720-1422 mvillarreal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0720-1422","contributorId":1424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villarreal","given":"Miguel","email":"mvillarreal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pulliam, H. Ronald","contributorId":75453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pulliam","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ronald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Minckley, Robert L.","contributorId":86652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minckley","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gass, Leila 0000-0002-3436-262X lgass@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-262X","contributorId":3770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gass","given":"Leila","email":"lgass@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tolle, Cindy","contributorId":18684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tolle","given":"Cindy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Coe, Michelle","contributorId":92974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70124495,"text":"70124495 - 2014 - Two low coverage bird genomes and a comparison of reference-guided versus <i>de novo</i> genome assemblies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-12T15:28:11","indexId":"70124495","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-05T15:25:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two low coverage bird genomes and a comparison of reference-guided versus <i>de novo</i> genome assemblies","docAbstract":"As a greater number and diversity of high-quality vertebrate reference genomes become available, it is increasingly feasible to use these references to guide new draft assemblies for related species. Reference-guided assembly approaches may substantially increase the contiguity and completeness of a new genome using only low levels of genome coverage that might otherwise be insufficient for <i>de novo</i> genome assembly. We used low-coverage (~3.5–5.5x) Illumina paired-end sequencing to assemble draft genomes of two bird species (the Gunnison Sage-Grouse, <i>Centrocercus minimus</i>, and the Clark's Nutcracker, <i>Nucifraga columbiana</i>). We used these data to estimate <i>de novo</i> genome assemblies and reference-guided assemblies, and compared the information content and completeness of these assemblies by comparing CEGMA gene set representation, repeat element content, simple sequence repeat content, and GC isochore structure among assemblies. Our results demonstrate that even lower-coverage genome sequencing projects are capable of producing informative and useful genomic resources, particularly through the use of reference-guided assemblies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0106649","usgsCitation":"Card, D., Schield, D., Reyes-Velasco, J., Fujita, M.K., Andrew, A., Oyler-McCance, S.J., Fike, J., Tomback, D.F., Ruggiero, R.P., and Castoe, T.A., 2014, Two low coverage bird genomes and a comparison of reference-guided versus <i>de novo</i> genome assemblies: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 9, e106649; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106649.","productDescription":"e106649; 13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-055003","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106649","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293777,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106649"}],"volume":"9","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54140b2de4b082fed288b9c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Card, Daren C.","contributorId":89072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Card","given":"Daren C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schield, Drew R.","contributorId":24709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schield","given":"Drew R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reyes-Velasco, Jacobo","contributorId":57387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reyes-Velasco","given":"Jacobo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fujita, Matthre K.","contributorId":18291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujita","given":"Matthre","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andrew, Audra L.","contributorId":51670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrew","given":"Audra L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fike, Jennifer A.","contributorId":54468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fike","given":"Jennifer A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tomback, Diana F.","contributorId":69427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomback","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ruggiero, Robert P.","contributorId":73127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Castoe, Todd A.","contributorId":23819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castoe","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
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