{"pageNumber":"129","pageRowStart":"3200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":6233,"records":[{"id":52925,"text":"wri034119 - 2003 - Preliminary assessment of microbial communities and biodegradation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in wetlands at Cluster 13, Lauderick Creek area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-17T06:35:26","indexId":"wri034119","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4119","title":"Preliminary assessment of microbial communities and biodegradation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in wetlands at Cluster 13, Lauderick Creek area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","docAbstract":"A preliminary assessment of the microbial communities and biodegradation processes for chlorinated volatile organic compounds was con-ducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in wetlands at the Cluster 13, Lauderick Creek area at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. The U.S. Geological Survey collected wetland sediment samples from 11 sites in the Lauderick Creek area for microbial analyses, and used existing data to evaluate biodegradation processes and rates. The bacterial and methanogen communities in the Lauderick Creek wetland sediments were similar to those observed in a previous U.S. Geological Survey study at the West Branch Canal Creek wet-land area, Aberdeen Proving Ground. Evaluation of the degradation rate of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and the daughter compounds produced also showed similar results for the two wetlands. How-ever, a vertical profile of contaminant concentra-tions in the wetlands was available at only one site in the Lauderick Creek area, and flow velocities in the wetland sediment are unknown. To better evaluate natural attenuation processes and rates in the wetland sediments at Lauderick Creek, chemi-cal and hydrologic measurements are needed along ground-water flowpaths in the wetland at additional sites and during different seasons. Nat-ural attenuation in the wetlands, enhanced biore-mediation, and constructed wetlands could be feasible remediation methods for the chlorinated volatile organic compounds discharging in the Lauderick Creek area. The similarities in the microbial communities and biodegradation pro-cesses at the Lauderick Creek and West Branch Canal Creek areas indicate that enhanced bioreme-diation techniques currently being developed for the West Branch Canal Creek wetland area would be transferable to this area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034119","usgsCitation":"Lorah, M.M., Voytek, M.A., and Spencer, T.A., 2003, Preliminary assessment of microbial communities and biodegradation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in wetlands at Cluster 13, Lauderick Creek area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4119, vi, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034119.","productDescription":"vi, 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":174916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5013,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri03-4119/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4907","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorah, Michelle M. 0000-0002-9236-587X mmlorah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-587X","contributorId":1437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"Michelle","email":"mmlorah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voytek, Mary A.","contributorId":91943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spencer, Tracey A.","contributorId":59477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Tracey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":53196,"text":"b2210A - 2003 - Environmental controls on water quality: Case studies from Battle Mountain mining district, north-central Nevada","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":53196,"text":"b2210A - 2003 - Environmental controls on water quality: Case studies from Battle Mountain mining district, north-central Nevada","indexId":"b2210A","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Environmental controls on water quality: Case studies from Battle Mountain mining district, north-central Nevada"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":76850,"text":"b2210 - 2003 - Geoenvironmental Investigations of the Humboldt River Basin, Northern Nevada","indexId":"b2210","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Geoenvironmental Investigations of the Humboldt River Basin, Northern Nevada"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":76850,"text":"b2210 - 2003 - Geoenvironmental Investigations of the Humboldt River Basin, Northern Nevada","indexId":"b2210","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Geoenvironmental Investigations of the Humboldt River Basin, Northern Nevada"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-16T21:25:27.125014","indexId":"b2210A","displayToPublicDate":"2003-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2210","chapter":"A","title":"Environmental controls on water quality: Case studies from Battle Mountain mining district, north-central Nevada","docAbstract":"The environmental controls on water quality were the\r\nfocus of our study in a portion of the Battle Mountain mining\r\ndistrict, north-central Nevada. Samples representing areas\r\noutside known mineralized areas, in undisturbed mineralized\r\nareas, and in mined areas were chemically and isotopically\r\nanalyzed. The results are related to geologic, hydrologic, and\r\nclimatic data.\r\nStreams in background areas outside the mineralized\r\nzones reflect normal weathering of volcanically derived rocks.\r\nThe waters are generally dilute, slightly alkaline in pH, and\r\nvery low in metals. As these streams flow into mineralized\r\nzones, their character changes. In undisturbed mineralized\r\nareas, discharge into streams of ground water through hydrologically\r\nconductive fractures can be traced with chemistry\r\nand, even more effectively, with sulfur isotopic composition\r\nof dissolved sulfate. Generally, these tracers are much more\r\nsubtle than in those areas where mining has produced adits and\r\nmine-waste piles. The influence of drainage from these mining\r\nrelicts on water quality is often dramatic, especially in unusually\r\nwet conditions.\r\nIn one heavily mined area, we were able to show that\r\nthe unusually wet weather in the winter and spring greatly\r\ndegraded water quality. Addition of calcite to the acid, metalrich\r\nmine drainage raised the stream pH and nearly quantitatively\r\nremoved the metals through coprecipitation and (or)\r\nadsorption onto oxyhydroxides.\r\nThis paper is divided into four case studies used to\r\ndemonstrate our results. Each addresses the role of geology,\r\nhydrology, mining activity and (or) local climate on water\r\nquality. Collectively, they provide a comprehensive look at the\r\nimportant factors affecting water quality in this portion of the\r\nBattle Mountain mining district.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoenvironmental Investigations of the Humboldt River Basin, Northern Nevada","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2210A","usgsCitation":"Tuttle, M.L., Wanty, R.B., Berger, B.R., and Stillings, L., 2003, Environmental controls on water quality: Case studies from Battle Mountain mining district, north-central Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2210, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2210A.","productDescription":"30 p.","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":389374,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_58916.htm"},{"id":4791,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2210-a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Battle Mountain mining district","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.15,\n              40.6883\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.0,\n              40.6883\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.0,\n              40.5403\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.15,\n              40.5403\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.15,\n              40.6883\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602422","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuttle, Michele L.W. mtuttle@usgs.gov","contributorId":47839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"Michele","email":"mtuttle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berger, Byron R. bberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Byron","email":"bberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stillings, Lisa L. 0000-0002-9011-8891 stilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-8891","contributorId":3143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"Lisa L.","email":"stilling@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":69708,"text":"i2766 - 2003 - Geologic map of the Mount Trumbull 30' X 60' quadrangle, Mohave and Coconino Counties, northwestern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-14T18:33:04.692821","indexId":"i2766","displayToPublicDate":"2003-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2766","title":"Geologic map of the Mount Trumbull 30' X 60' quadrangle, Mohave and Coconino Counties, northwestern Arizona","docAbstract":"The geologic map of the Mount Trumbull 30' x 60' quadrangle is a cooperative product of the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Park Service, and the Bureau of Land Management that provides geologic map coverage and regional geologic information for visitor services and resource management of Grand Canyon National Park, Lake Mead Recreational Area, and Grand Canyon Parashant National Monument, Arizona. This map is a compilation of previous and new geologic mapping that encompasses the Mount Trumbull 30' x 60' quadrangle of Arizona.\n\n\n     This digital database, a compilation of previous and new geologic mapping, contains geologic data used to produce the 100,000-scale Geologic Map of the Mount Trumbull 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Mohave and Coconino Counties, Northwestern Arizona.  The geologic features that were mapped as part of this project include:  geologic contacts and faults, bedrock and surficial geologic units, structural data, fold axes, karst features, mines, and volcanic features.\n\n      This map was produced using 1:24,000-scale 1976 infrared aerial photographs followed by extensive field checking. Volcanic rocks were mapped as separate units when identified on aerial photographs as mappable and distinctly separate units associated with one or more pyroclastic cones and flows. Many of the Quaternary alluvial deposits that have similar lithology but different geomorphic characteristics were mapped almost entirely by photogeologic methods. Stratigraphic position and amount of erosional degradation were used to determine relative ages of alluvial deposits having similar lithologies. Each map unit and structure was investigated in detail in the field to ensure accuracy of description.\n\n      Punch-registered mylar sheets were scanned at the Flagstaff Field Center using an Optronics 5040 raster scanner at a resolution of 50 microns (508 dpi). The scans were output in .rle format, converted to .rlc, and then converted to ARC/INFO grids. A tic file was created in geographic coordinates and projected into the base map projection (Polyconic) using a central meridian of -113.500. The tic file was used to transform the grid into Universal Transverse Mercator projection.\n\n      The linework was vectorized using gridline. Scanned lines were edited interactively in ArcEdit. Polygons were attributed in ArcEdit and all artifacts and scanning errors visible at 1:100,000 were removed. Point data were digitized onscreen.\n\n      Due to the discovery of digital and geologic errors on the original files, the ARC/INFO coverages were converted to a personal geodatabase and corrected in ArcMap. The feature classes which define the geologic units, lines and polygons, are topologically related and maintained in the geodatabase by a set of validation rules.\n\n      The internal database structure and feature attributes were then modified to match other geologic map databases being created for the Grand Canyon region.  Faults were edited with the downthrown block, if known, on the 'right side' of the line.  The 'right' and 'left' sides of a line are determined from 'starting' at the line's 'from node' and moving to the line's end or 'to node'.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i2766","usgsCitation":"Billingsley, G.H., and Wellmeyer, J.L., 2003, Geologic map of the Mount Trumbull 30' X 60' quadrangle, Mohave and Coconino Counties, northwestern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2766, Report; 36 p.; 1 Plate: 38.50 × 54.51 inches: Database; Metadata; Readme, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2766.","productDescription":"Report; 36 p.; 1 Plate: 38.50 × 54.51 inches: Database; Metadata; Readme","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":398741,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_62285.htm"},{"id":263760,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2766/mtr_shape.zip"},{"id":263759,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2766/mtr_db.zip"},{"id":263758,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2766/mtrmeta.txt"},{"id":263757,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2766/i2766_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":263756,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2766/mtrreadme.txt"},{"id":263755,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2766/i2766_map.pdf"},{"id":6379,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2766","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Coconino County, Mohave County","otherGeospatial":"Mount Trumbull 30' X 60' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,36 ], [ -114,36.5 ], [ -113,36.5 ], [ -113,36 ], [ -114,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2cd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Billingsley, George H.","contributorId":20711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billingsley","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wellmeyer, Jessica L.","contributorId":8177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellmeyer","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":69710,"text":"i2600G - 2003 - Coastal-change and glaciological map of the Saunders Coast area, Antarctica: 1972-1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T16:18:07","indexId":"i2600G","displayToPublicDate":"2003-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2600","chapter":"G","title":"Coastal-change and glaciological map of the Saunders Coast area, Antarctica: 1972-1997","docAbstract":"Changes in the area and volume of polar ice sheets are intricately linked to changes in global climate, and the resulting changes in sea level may severely impact the densely populated coastal regions on Earth. Melting of the West Antarctic part alone of the Antarctic ice sheet could cause a sea-level rise of approximately 6 meters (m). The potential sea-level rise after melting of the entire Antarctic ice sheet is estimated to be 65 m (Lythe and others, 2001) to 73 m (Williams and Hall, 1993). In spite of its importance, the mass balance (the net volumetric gain or loss) of the Antarctic ice sheet is poorly known; it is not known for certain whether the ice sheet is growing or shrinking. In a review paper, Rignot and Thomas (2002) concluded that the West Antarctic part of the Antarctic ice sheet is probably becoming thinner overall; although the western part is thickening, the northern part is thinning. Joughin and Tulaczyk (2002), based on analysis of ice-flow velocities derived from synthetic aperture radar, concluded that most of the Ross ice streams (ice streams on the east side of the Ross Ice Shelf) have a positive mass balance. The mass balance of the East Antarctic is unknown, but thought to be in near equilibrium.\r\n\r\nMeasurement of changes in area and mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet was given a very high priority in recommendations by the Polar Research Board of the National Research Council (1986), in subsequent recommendations by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) (1989, 1993), and by the National Science Foundation?s (1990) Division of Polar Programs. On the basis of these recommendations, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) decided that the archive of early 1970s Landsat 1, 2, and 3 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images of Antarctica and the subsequent repeat coverage made possible with Landsat and other satellite images provided an excellent means of documenting changes in the coastline of Antarctica (Ferrigno and Gould, 1987). The availability of this information provided the impetus for carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the glaciological features of the coastal regions and changes in ice fronts of Antarctica (Swithinbank, 1988; Williams and Ferrigno, 1988). The project was later modified to include Landsat 4 and 5 MSS and Thematic Mapper (TM) (and in some areas Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)), RADARSAT images, and other data where available, to compare changes over a 20- to 25- or 30-year time interval (or longer where data were available, as in the Antarctic Peninsula). The results of the analysis are being used to produce a digital database and a series of USGS Geologic Investigations Series Maps consisting of 24 maps at 1:1,000,000 scale and 1 map at 1:5,000,000 scale, in both paper and digital format (Williams and others, 1995; Williams and Ferrigno, 1998; and Ferrigno and others, 2002).\r\n","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal-change and glaciological maps of Antarctica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i2600G","isbn":"0607942800","usgsCitation":"Swithinbank, C., Williams, R., Ferrigno, J.G., Foley, K.M., Hallam, C.A., and Rosanova, C.E., 2003, Coastal-change and glaciological map of the Saunders Coast area, Antarctica: 1972-1997 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2600, Report: 9 p.; 1 Plate: 50.00 x 40.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2600G.","productDescription":"Report: 9 p.; 1 Plate: 50.00 x 40.00 inches","temporalStart":"1972-01-01","temporalEnd":"1997-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191412,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":369237,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2600/G/i2600g.pdf","text":"Report"},{"id":369238,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2600/G/SaundersCoast.pdf","text":"Plate 1"},{"id":6381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2600/G/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Polar stereographic, MSL","otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.890625,\n              -70.95969716686398\n            ],\n            [\n              156.4453125,\n              -70.95969716686398\n            ],\n            [\n              156.4453125,\n              -67.74275906666388\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.890625,\n              -67.74275906666388\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.890625,\n              -70.95969716686398\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aea04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swithinbank, Charles","contributorId":26368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swithinbank","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":90679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":280957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foley, Kevin M. 0000-0003-1013-462X kfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-462X","contributorId":2543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Kevin","email":"kfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hallam, Cheryl A.","contributorId":59012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallam","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosanova, Christine E.","contributorId":77239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosanova","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":53103,"text":"ofr03308 - 2003 - U.S. Geological Survey Subsidence Interest Group Conference: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Galveston, Texas, November 27-29, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-03T21:39:46.555884","indexId":"ofr03308","displayToPublicDate":"2003-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-308","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Subsidence Interest Group Conference: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Galveston, Texas, November 27-29, 2001","docAbstract":"InSAR is a powerful technique that uses radar data acquired at different times to measure land-surface deformation, or displacement, over large areas at a high level of spatial detail and a high degree of measurement resolution. InSAR displacement maps (interferograms), in conjunction with other hydrogeologic data, have been used to determine aquifer-system characteristics for areas where surface deformation is the result of stress induced changes in the granular skeleton of the aquifer system. Interferograms and measurements of aquifer-system compaction from borehole extensometers, and ground-water levels in wells in Santa Clara Valley, California, have shown that land-surface changes caused by aquifer-system deformation for September 23, 1992-August 2, 1997, are elastic (reversible): During the summer when water levels are declining, the land surface subsides, and during the winter when water levels are recovering, the land surface uplifts, resulting in no net surface deformation. Interferograms used with fault maps of Santa Clara Valley and of Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, have shown that the extent of regional land-surface changes caused by aquifer-system deformation may be partially controlled by faults. Interferograms of Yucca Flat, Nevada, show subsidence associated with the recovery of elevated hydraulic heads caused by underground weapons testing at depths of more than 600 meters.\r\n\r\nFor these selected case studies, continuing or renewed deformation of the aquifer system is coupled with pore-fluid-pressure changes. When applied stresses (water-level changes) can be measured accurately for periods that the interferograms show displacement, stress-strain relations, and thus bulk storage properties, can be evaluated. For areas where additional ground-water-level, land-surface-elevation, aquifer-system-compaction, or other environmental data are needed, the interferograms can be used as a guide for designing appropriate monitoring networks. Aquifer-system properties derived from stress-strain relations and identification of hidden faults, other structural or stratigraphic controls on deformation and ground-water flow, and other hydrogeologic boundaries in the flow system can be used to constrain numerical ground-water flow and subsidence simulations. Managing aquifer systems within optimal limits may be possible if regions susceptible to ground-water depletion and the accompanying land subsidence can be identified and characterized.","conferenceTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey Subsidence Interest Group Conference","conferenceDate":"November 27-29, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Galveston, Texas","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03308","usgsCitation":"2003, U.S. Geological Survey Subsidence Interest Group Conference: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Galveston, Texas, November 27-29, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-308, ix, 162 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03308.","productDescription":"ix, 162 p.","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":174611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":401729,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_59485.htm"},{"id":4664,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr03-308/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db613020","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Prince, Keith R. krprince@usgs.gov","contributorId":1413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prince","given":"Keith","email":"krprince@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":770382,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, Devin L. 0000-0003-0904-5355 dlgallow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Devin","email":"dlgallow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770383,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185130,"text":"70185130 - 2003 - Airflows and turbulent flux measurements in mountainous terrain: Part 1. Canopy and local effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:58:27","indexId":"70185130","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Airflows and turbulent flux measurements in mountainous terrain: Part 1. Canopy and local effects","docAbstract":"<p><span>We have studied the effects of local topography and canopy structure on turbulent flux measurements at a site located in mountainous terrain within a subalpine, coniferous forest. Our primary aim was to determine whether the complex terrain of the site affects the accuracy of eddy flux measurements from a practical perspective. We observed displacement heights, roughness lengths, spectral peaks, turbulent length scales, and profiles of turbulent intensities that were comparable in magnitude and pattern to those reported for forest canopies in simpler terrain. We conclude that in many of these statistical measures, the local canopy exerts considerably more influence than does topographical complexity. Lack of vertical flux divergence and modeling suggests that the flux footprints for the site are within the standards acceptable for the application of flux statistics. We investigated three different methods of coordinate rotation: double rotation (DR), triple rotation (TR), and planar-fit rotation (PF). Significant variability in rotation angles at low wind speeds was encountered with the commonly used DR and TR methods, as opposed to the PF method, causing some overestimation of the fluxes. However, these differences in fluxes were small when applied to large datasets involving sensible heat and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> fluxes. We observed evidence of frequent drainage flows near the ground during stable, stratified conditions at night. Concurrent with the appearance of these flows, we observed a positive bias in the mean vertical wind speed, presumably due to subtle topographic variations inducing a flow convergence below the measurement sensors. In the presence of such drainage flows, advection of scalars and non-zero bias in the mean vertical wind speed can complicate closure of the mass conservation budget at the site.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0168-1923(03)00136-9","usgsCitation":"Turnipseed, A.A., Anderson, D.E., Blanken, P.D., Baugh, W.M., and Monson, R.K., 2003, Airflows and turbulent flux measurements in mountainous terrain: Part 1. Canopy and local effects: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 119, no. 1-2, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(03)00136-9.","productDescription":"21 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52d1e4b0849ce97c86d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turnipseed, Andrew A.","contributorId":189304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turnipseed","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Dean E. deander@usgs.gov","contributorId":662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Dean","email":"deander@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":684459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blanken, Peter D.","contributorId":189305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanken","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baugh, William M.","contributorId":189306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baugh","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Monson, Russell K.","contributorId":48136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":51257,"text":"wri034175 - 2003 - Ground-Water Levels and Water-Quality Data for Wells in the Crumpton Creek Area near Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee, November 2001 to January 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:31","indexId":"wri034175","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4175","title":"Ground-Water Levels and Water-Quality Data for Wells in the Crumpton Creek Area near Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee, November 2001 to January 2002","docAbstract":"From November 2001 to January 2002, a study of the ground-water resources in the Crumpton Creek area of Middle Tennessee was conducted to determine whether volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Arnold Air Force Base (AAFB) have affected local private water supplies and to advance understanding of the ground-water-flow system in this area. VOC samples were collected from private wells that were not included in previous sampling efforts conducted in the Crumpton Creek area near AAFB. Ground-water-flow directions were investigated by measuring water levels in wells and constructing a potentiometric-surface map of the Manchester aquifer in the study area. Data were collected from a total of 68 private wells, 82 monitoring wells, and 1 cave during the period of study. Ground-water levels were determined for 42 of the private wells and for all 82 monitoring wells. Of the 82 monitoring wells, 81 withdraw water from the Manchester aquifer and 1 well withdraws water from the overlying shallow aquifer. The Manchester aquifer wells range in depth from 20 to 150 feet. Water-level altitudes for the Manchester aquifer ranged from 956 to 1,064 feet above the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929. Water levels ranged from approximately 6 feet above land surface to 94 feet below land surface. Water-quality samples were collected from all 68 private wells, 8 of the monitoring wells, and the 1 cave. \r\n\r\nOf the 55 VOCs analyzed, 42 were not detected. Thirteen VOCs were detected; however, only tetrachloroethylene (PCE), methylene chloride, and toluene were detected at concentrations equal to or above reporting levels for the analytical method used. PCE was detected in water samples from 15 private wells and was the only VOC that exceeded drinking water maximum contaminant levels for public water systems. PCE concentrations in samples from five of the wells were below the reporting level and ranged from estimated concentrations of 0.46 to 0.80 microgram per liter (?g/L). Samples from 10 wells contained concentrations equal to or greater than the analytical reporting level of 1 ?g/L for PCE. Samples from one of these wells contained PCE concentrations (12 ?g/L and 11 ?g/L) exceeding the drinking water maximum contaminant level of 5 ?g/L for PCE. The spatial distribution of PCE detections and the relative concentrations of PCE and trichloroethylene suggest that the PCE detections are associated with a small and localized ground-water contamination plume unrelated to AAFB ground-water contamination.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034175","usgsCitation":"Williams, S.D., 2003, Ground-Water Levels and Water-Quality Data for Wells in the Crumpton Creek Area near Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee, November 2001 to January 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4175, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034175.","productDescription":"28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4631,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034175/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ae4b07f02db69d17c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Shannon D. swilliam@usgs.gov","contributorId":4133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Shannon","email":"swilliam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":51527,"text":"ofr03265 - 2003 - Grand Canyon riverbed sediment changes, experimental release of September 2000 - a sample data set","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-04T12:32:27","indexId":"ofr03265","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-265","title":"Grand Canyon riverbed sediment changes, experimental release of September 2000 - a sample data set","docAbstract":"<p>An experimental water release from the Glen Canyon Dam into the Colorado River above Grand Canyon was conducted in September 2000 by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted sidescan sonar surveys between Glen Canyon Dam (mile -15) and Diamond Creek (mile 220), Arizona (mile designations after Stevens, 1998) to determine the sediment characteristics of the Colorado River bed before and after the release. The first survey (R3-00-GC, 28 Aug to 5 Sep 2000) was conducted before the release when the river was at its Low Summer Steady Flow (LSSF) of 8,000 cfs. The second survey (R4-00-GC, 10 to 18 Sep 2000) was conducted immediately after the September 2000 experimental release when the average daily flow was as high as 30,800 cfs as measured below Glen Canyon Dam (Figure 2). Riverbed sediment properties interpreted from the sidescan sonar images include sediment type and sandwaves; overall changes in these properties between the two surveys were calculated.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Sidescan sonar data from the USGS surveys were processed for segments of the Colorado River from Glen Canyon Dam (mile -15) to Phantom Ranch (mile 87.7, Figure 3). The surveys targeted pools between rapids that are part of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC <a href=\"http://www.gcmrc.gov/\">http://www.gcmrc.gov/</a>) physical sciences study.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Maps interpreted from the sidescan sonar images show the distribution of sediment types (bedrock, boulders, pebbles or cobbles, and sand) and the extent of sandwaves for each of the pre- and post-flow surveys. The changes between the two surveys were calculated with spatial arithmetric and had properties of fining, coarsening, erosion, deposition, and the appearance or disappearance of sandwaves.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03265","usgsCitation":"Wong, F.L., Anima, R.J., Galanis, P., Codianne, J., Xia, Y., Bucciarelli, R., and Hamer, M., 2003, Grand Canyon riverbed sediment changes, experimental release of September 2000 - a sample data set: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-265, HTML document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03265.","productDescription":"HTML document","temporalStart":"2000-09-01","temporalEnd":"2000-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03265.jpg"},{"id":4547,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0265/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285707,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0265/intro.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.25,36.0 ], [ -112.25,37.0 ], [ -111.5,37.0 ], [ -111.5,36.0 ], [ -112.25,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67250d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anima, Roberto J.","contributorId":32499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anima","given":"Roberto","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galanis, Peter","contributorId":82004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galanis","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Codianne, Jennifer","contributorId":89802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Codianne","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Xia, Yu","contributorId":87453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"Yu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bucciarelli, Randy","contributorId":91786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucciarelli","given":"Randy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hamer, Michael","contributorId":48870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamer","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":52655,"text":"wri20034037 - 2003 - A stage-normalized function for the synthesis of stage-discharge relations for the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-12T09:34:39","indexId":"wri20034037","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4037","title":"A stage-normalized function for the synthesis of stage-discharge relations for the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"A method was developed to construct stage-discharge rating curves for the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona, using two stage-discharge pairs and a stage-normalized rating curve. Stage-discharge rating curves formulated with the stage-normalized curve method are compared to (1) stage-discharge rating curves for six temporary stage gages and two streamflow-gaging stations developed by combining stage records with modeled unsteady flow; (2) stage-discharge rating curves developed from stage records and discharge measurements at three streamflow-gaging stations; and (3) stages surveyed at known discharges at the Northern Arizona Sand Bar Studies sites. The stage-normalized curve method shows good agreement with field data when the discharges used in the construction of the rating curves are at least 200 cubic meters per second apart. Predictions of stage using the stage-normalized curve method are also compared to predictions of stage from a steady-flow model.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/wri20034037","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center","usgsCitation":"Wiele, S.M., and Torizzo, M., 2003, A stage-normalized function for the synthesis of stage-discharge relations for the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4037, iii, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20034037.","productDescription":"iii, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288439,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4037/report.pdf"},{"id":288440,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator proejction","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River;Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.25,36.0 ], [ -112.25,37.0 ], [ -111.0,37.0 ], [ -111.0,36.0 ], [ -112.25,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1556","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiele, Stephen M. smwiele@usgs.gov","contributorId":2199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiele","given":"Stephen","email":"smwiele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":245708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torizzo, Margaret","contributorId":61502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torizzo","given":"Margaret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53087,"text":"ofr03360 - 2003 - Shaded relief aeromagnetic map of the Santa Clara Valley and vicinity, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:53:43.931696","indexId":"ofr03360","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-360","title":"Shaded relief aeromagnetic map of the Santa Clara Valley and vicinity, California","docAbstract":"This aeromagnetic map covers the southern portion of San Francisco Bay, the Santa Clara Valley and surrounding mountains, part of which has been modelled in threedimensions (Jachens and other, 2001). The magnetic anomaly map has been compiled from existing digital data. Data was obtained from six aeromagnetic surveys that were flown at different times, spacings and elevations. The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) for the date of each survey had been removed in the initial processing. The resulting residual magnetic anomalies were analytically continued onto a common surface 305 m (1000 ft) above terrain. Portions of each survey were substantially above the specified flight height listed in the table. The surveys were then merged together using a commercial software package called Oasis Montage. The gray lines on the map indicate the extent of each survey. The program used these regions of overlap to determine the best fit between surveys. Black dots show probable edges of magnetic bodies defined by the maximum horizontal gradient determined using a computer program by Blakely (1995).\n\nCrystalline rocks generally contain sufficient magnetic minerals to cause variations in the Earth’s magnetic field that can be mapped by aeromagnetic surveys. Sedimentary rocks are generally weakly magnetized and consequently have a small effect on the magnetic field: thus a magnetic anomaly map can be used to “see through” the sedimentary rock cover and can convey information on lithologic contrasts and structural trends related to the underlying crystalline basement (see Nettleton,1971; Blakely, 1995). Faults often cut magnetic bodies and offset magnetic anomalies can thus be used to help determine fault motion. Serpentinite, which is highly magnetic, is often found along faults. On this map areas of low magnetic anomalies are shown in blues and green while highs are shown in reds and magentas. Faults are from Brabb and others, 1998a,1998b, Graymer and others 1996, Lienkaemper, 1992 and Wentworth and others 1998.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03360","usgsCitation":"Roberts, C.W., and Jachens, R.C., 2003, Shaded relief aeromagnetic map of the Santa Clara Valley and vicinity, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-360, 1 Plate: 36.00 inches x 48.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03360.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 36.00 inches x 48.00 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":180790,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03360.jpg"},{"id":285817,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0360/pdf/of03-360.pdf"},{"id":285782,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0360/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.25,37.0000 ], [ -122.25,37.6333 ], [ -121.50,37.6333 ], [ -121.50,37.0000 ], [ -122.25,37.0000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4a24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Carter W.","contributorId":45282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Carter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":51520,"text":"ofr03302 - 2003 - Geologic map and digital database of the Redlands 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:57:23.554746","indexId":"ofr03302","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-302","title":"Geologic map and digital database of the Redlands 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California","docAbstract":"<p>This geologic database of the Redlands 7.5' quadrangle was prepared by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), a regional geologic-mapping project sponsored jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and the California Geological Survey. The database was developed as a contribution to the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program's National Geologic Map Database, and is intended to provide a general geologic setting of the Redlands quadrangle. The database and map provide information about earth materials and geologic structures, including faults and folds that have developed in the quadrangle due to complexities in the San Andreas Fault system.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The Redlands 7.5' quadrangle contains earth materials and structures that provide insight into the late Cenozoic geologic evolution of the southern California Inland Empire region. Important stratigraphic and structural elements include (1) the modern trace of the San Andreas and San Jacinto faults and (2) late Tertiary and Quaternary sedimentary materials and geologic structures that formed during the last million years or so and that record complex geologic interactions within the San Andreas Fault system. These materials and the structures that deform them provide the geologic framework for investigations of earthquake hazards and ground-water recharge and subsurface flow. Geologic information contained in the Redlands database is general-purpose data that is applicable to land-related investigations in the earth and biological sciences. The term \"general-purpose\" means that all geologic-feature classes have minimal information content adequate to characterize their general geologic characteristics and to interpret their general geologic history. However, no single feature class has enough information to definitively characterize its properties and origin. For this reason the database cannot be used for site-specific geologic evaluations, although it can be used to plan and guide investigations at the site-specific level.</p>\n<br>\n<p>This summary pamphlet discusses major categories of surficial materials in the Redlands quadrangle, and provides a conceptual framework and basis for how geologicmap units containing such materials are recognized and correlated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03302","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with San Bernardino Vally Municipal Water District and California Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Matti, J.C., Morton, D.M., Cox, B.F., Kendrick, K.J., Cossette, P.M., Jones, B., and Kennedy, S.A., 2003, Geologic map and digital database of the Redlands 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-302, Pamphlet: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 44.35 x 31.14 inches; Readme: Metadata; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03302.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 44.35 x 31.14 inches; Readme: Metadata; Database","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179213,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03302.gif"},{"id":110445,"rank":11,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0302/pdf/red_readme.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"58938"},{"id":4524,"rank":10,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0302/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":398349,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_58938.htm"},{"id":285762,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0302/pdf/red_map.pdf"},{"id":285759,"rank":7,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0302/red_met.html"},{"id":285763,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0302/pdf/red_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":285760,"rank":5,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0302/red.tar.gz"},{"id":285761,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0302/pdf/red_attribute_codes.pdf"},{"id":285764,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0302/red_map.ps.gz"},{"id":285765,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0302/pdf/red_dmu.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County, San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"Redlands quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.25,34.0 ], [ -117.25,34.125 ], [ -117.125,34.125 ], [ -117.125,34.0 ], [ -117.25,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a49be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matti, Jonathan C. jmatti@usgs.gov","contributorId":3666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matti","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmatti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":243819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":243820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, Brett F. bcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":5793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Brett","email":"bcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":243821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendrick, Katherine J. 0000-0002-9839-6861 kendrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-6861","contributorId":2716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendrick","given":"Katherine","email":"kendrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cossette, Pamela M. 0000-0002-9608-6595 pcossette@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-6595","contributorId":1458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cossette","given":"Pamela","email":"pcossette@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, Bradley","contributorId":140585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Bradley","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kennedy, Stephen A.","contributorId":140207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":53064,"text":"ofr032 - 2003 - Texture, Carbonate Content, and Preliminary Maps of Surficial Sediments of the Flower Garden Banks Area, Northwestern Gulf of Mexico Outer Shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T18:28:58","indexId":"ofr032","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-2","title":"Texture, Carbonate Content, and Preliminary Maps of Surficial Sediments of the Flower Garden Banks Area, Northwestern Gulf of Mexico Outer Shelf","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this report is to release texture and carbonate content analyses of 107 seafloor sediments collected within and near the East and West Flower Garden Banks areas of the Sanctuary and to show relationships between these data and existing bathymetric data. The sediment data, in conjunction with previously collected geological, geophysical and biological data were used to construct a reconnaissance-scale map of the distribution of seafloor sediment types. This map will be useful for resource managers and can be used, with additional data, as a basis for future habitat mapping.</p>","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr032","isbn":"0607937211","usgsCitation":"Scanlon, K.M., Ackerman, S.D., and Rozycki, J.E., 2003, Texture, Carbonate Content, and Preliminary Maps of Surficial Sediments of the Flower Garden Banks Area, Northwestern Gulf of Mexico Outer Shelf: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-2, 1 CD-ROM ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr032.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM ; 4 3/4 in.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297450,"rank":101,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-002/"},{"id":5204,"rank":100,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-002/of03_002metafaq.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683712","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scanlon, Kathryn M.","contributorId":6816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Seth D. 0000-0003-0945-2794 sackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0945-2794","contributorId":178676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Seth","email":"sackerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rozycki, Jill E.","contributorId":78397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rozycki","given":"Jill","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":51518,"text":"ofr03294 - 2003 - Hydrogeologic factors that influence ground water movement in the desert southwest United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:55:26.267394","indexId":"ofr03294","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-294","title":"Hydrogeologic factors that influence ground water movement in the desert southwest United States","docAbstract":"<p>A project to study ground-water and surface-water interactions in the desert southwestern United States was initiated in 2001 by the Tucson, Arizona office of the Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). One of the goals of the Southwest Ground-water Resources Project was to develop a regional synthesis that includes the use of available digital geologic data, which is growing rapidly due to the increasing use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Included in this report are the digital maps and databases of geologic information that should have a direct impact on the studies of ground-water flow and surface-water interaction.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Ground-water flow is governed by many geologic factors or elements including rock and soil permeability, stratigraphy and structural features. These elements directly influence ground-water flow, which is key to understanding the possible inter-connectivity of aquifer systems in desert basins of the southwestern United States. We derive these elements from the evaluation of regional geology and localized studies of hydrogeologic basins. These elements can then be applied to other unstudied areas throughout the desert southwest. This report presents a regional perspective of the geologic elements controlling ground-water systems in the desert southwest that may eventually lead to greater focus on smaller sub-regions and ultimately, to individual ground-water basins.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03294","usgsCitation":"Chuang, F.C., McKee, E.H., and Howard, K.A., 2003, Hydrogeologic factors that influence ground water movement in the desert southwest United States (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-294, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03294.","productDescription":"37 p.","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285740,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0294/table1.xls"},{"id":285739,"rank":5,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0294/of03-294db.zip"},{"id":285737,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0294/pdf/of03-294pdf.zip"},{"id":285738,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0294/eps/of03-294ps.zip"},{"id":285736,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0294/pdf/of03-294.pdf"},{"id":4522,"rank":7,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0294/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178670,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03294.jpg"}],"scale":"2000000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0,30.0 ], [ -123.0,42.0 ], [ -107.0,42.0 ], [ -107.0,30.0 ], [ -123.0,30.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db6287b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chuang, Frank C.","contributorId":35600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chuang","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":243806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":51963,"text":"ofr03226 - 2003 - Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic survey data and maps, Seco Creek area, Medina and Uvalde counties, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T18:57:28.934889","indexId":"ofr03226","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-226","title":"Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic survey data and maps, Seco Creek area, Medina and Uvalde counties, Texas","docAbstract":"A helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic (HEM) survey was completed of a 209 square kilometer (81 square miles) area of the central Edwards aquifer. This open-file report is a release of the airborne geophysical data and a summary of the hydrologic application. The survey area was centered on the Valdina Farms sinkhole along the Seco Creek drainage in western Medina County, Texas. Flight lines were flown north south with three east west tie lines to aid in leveling the magnetic data. Additional lines were flown on each side of the Seco and Little Seco Creek drainages. A five kilometer (4 mile) extension of 15 lines was flown north of the main survey block centered on Seco Creek. This digital data release contains the flight line data, grids, and maps of the HEM survey data. The Edwards aquifer in this area consists of three hydrologic zones: catchment, recharge, and confined. The Glen Rose Formation is exposed in the catchment area. The recharge zone is situated in the Balcones fault zone where the Devils River Group of the Edwards aquifer has been exposed by normal faults. The magnetic data is not discussed in depth here, but does have high amplitude closed anomalies caused by shallow igneous intrusives. The Woodard Cave Fault that separates the recharge and catchment zones is in places associated with a weak linear magnetic low. The HEM data has been processed to produce apparent resistivities for each of the six EM coil pairs and frequencies. Maps of the apparent resistivity for the five horizontal coil pairs show that the catchment, recharge, and confined zones all have numerous linear features that are likely caused by structures, many of which have not been mapped. The distribution of high resistivity areas reflects the lithologic differences within the Trinity and Edwards aquifers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03226","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.D., Smith, D.V., Hill, P.L., and Labson, V.F., 2003, Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic survey data and maps, Seco Creek area, Medina and Uvalde counties, Texas (Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-226, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03226.","productDescription":"53 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110446,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_58976.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"58976"},{"id":4509,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-226","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":179314,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Medina County, Uvalde County","otherGeospatial":"Seco Creek area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.44686889648438,\n              29.401319510041485\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.15985107421875,\n              29.401319510041485\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.15985107421875,\n              29.630771207229\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.44686889648438,\n              29.630771207229\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.44686889648438,\n              29.401319510041485\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62e90b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":244556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David V. 0000-0003-0426-4401 dvsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0426-4401","contributorId":1306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"dvsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":244557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, Patricia L. pathill@usgs.gov","contributorId":1327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Patricia","email":"pathill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":244558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Labson, Victor F. 0000-0003-1905-1820 vlabson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-1820","contributorId":326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labson","given":"Victor","email":"vlabson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":349,"text":"International Water Resources Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":244555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":51555,"text":"ofr03142 - 2003 - Results of Test-Hole Drilling in Well-Field Areas North of Tampa, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:31","indexId":"ofr03142","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-142","title":"Results of Test-Hole Drilling in Well-Field Areas North of Tampa, Florida","docAbstract":"A total of 32 test holes were drilled in well-field areas of Hillsborough, Pasco, and Pinellas Counties in the early 1970's to collect information on the hydraulic and geologic properties of shallow formations overlying the Upper Floridan aquifer. Lithologic profiles were compiled and geohydrologic units identified for each test hole. At most test holes, natural-gamma logs were run to identify the confining unit that separates the surficial aquifer system from the Upper Floridan aquifer. Selected core samples were analyzed in the laboratory for vertical hydraulic conductivity, grain size, sorting, specific gravity, effective porosity, cation-exchange capacity, and mineralogy. Following drilling, casing was installed in each test hole and water levels were monitored. The data were used in the preparation of regional water-level maps and in the construction of a numerical model of ground-water flow in the well-field areas.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03142","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, C.B., 2003, Results of Test-Hole Drilling in Well-Field Areas North of Tampa, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-142, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03142.","productDescription":"38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4589,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr03-142/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":179567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db60671e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, C. B.","contributorId":94655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":52923,"text":"wri034180 - 2003 - Estimating the magnitude of peak flows for streams in Kentucky for selected recurrence intervals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:45","indexId":"wri034180","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4180","title":"Estimating the magnitude of peak flows for streams in Kentucky for selected recurrence intervals","docAbstract":"This report gives estimates of, and presents techniques for estimating, the magnitude of peak flows for streams in Kentucky for recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 years. A flowchart in this report guides the user to the appropriate estimates and (or) estimating techniques for a site on a specific stream.\r\n\r\nEstimates of peak flows are given for 222 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Kentucky. In the development of the peak-flow estimates at gaging stations, a new generalized skew coefficient was calculated for the State. This single statewide value of 0.011 (with a standard error of prediction of 0.520) is more appropriate for Kentucky than the national skew isoline map in Bulletin 17B of the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data.\r\n\r\nRegression equations are presented for estimating the peak flows on ungaged, unregulated streams in rural drainage basins. The equations were developed by use of generalized-least-squares regression procedures at 187 U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations in Kentucky and 51 stations in surrounding States. Kentucky was divided into seven flood regions. Total drainage area is used in the final regression equations as the sole explanatory variable, except in Regions 1 and 4 where main-channel slope also was used. The smallest average standard errors of prediction were in Region 3 (from -13.1 to +15.0 percent) and the largest average standard errors of prediction were in Region 5 (from -37.6 to +60.3 percent).\r\n\r\nOne section of this report describes techniques for estimating peak flows for ungaged sites on gaged, unregulated streams in rural drainage basins. Another section references two previous U.S. Geological Survey reports for peak-flow estimates on ungaged, unregulated, urban streams. Estimating peak flows at ungaged sites on regulated streams is beyond the scope of this report, because peak flows on regulated streams are dependent upon variable human activities.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034180","usgsCitation":"Hodgkins, G.A., and Martin, G.R., 2003, Estimating the magnitude of peak flows for streams in Kentucky for selected recurrence intervals: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4180, 73 p., 1 plate, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034180.","productDescription":"73 p., 1 plate","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5011,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034180","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbe8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Gary R. 0000-0002-3274-5846 grmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3274-5846","contributorId":3413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Gary","email":"grmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":50959,"text":"wri034168 - 2003 - Phosphorus concentrations, loads, and yields in the Illinois River Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 1997-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T16:49:20","indexId":"wri034168","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4168","displayTitle":"Phosphorus Concentrations, Loads, and Yields in the Illinois River Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 1997-2001","title":"Phosphorus concentrations, loads, and yields in the Illinois River Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 1997-2001","docAbstract":"The Illinois River and tributaries, Flint Creek and the Baron Fork, are designated scenic rivers in Oklahoma. Recent phosphorus increases in streams in the basin have resulted in the growth of excess algae, which have limited the aesthetic benefits of water bodies in the basin, especially the Illinois River and Lake Tenkiller. The Oklahoma Water Resources Board has established a standard for total phosphorus not to exceed the 30- day geometric mean concentration of 0.037 milligram per liter in Oklahoma Scenic Rivers. Data from water-quality samples from 1997 to 2001 were used to summarize phosphorus concentrations and estimate phosphorus loads, yields, and flowweighted concentrations in the Illinois River basin.\r\n\r\nPhosphorus concentrations in the Illinois River basin generally were significantly greater in runoff-event samples than in base-flow samples. Phosphorus concentrations generally decreased with increasing base flow, from dilution, and increased with runoff, possibly because of phosphorus resuspension, stream bank erosion, and the addition of phosphorus from nonpoint sources.\r\n\r\nEstimated mean annual phosphorus loads were greater at the Illinois River stations than at Flint Creek and the Baron Fork. Loads appeared to generally increase with time during 1997-2001 at all stations, but this increase might be partly attributable to the beginning of runoff-event sampling in the basin in July 1999. Base-flow loads at stations on the Illinois River were about 10 times greater than those on the Baron Fork and 5 times greater than those on Flint Creek. Runoff components of the annual total phosphorus load ranged from 58.7 to 96.8 percent from 1997-2001. Base-flow and runoff loads were generally greatest in spring (March through May) or summer (June through August), and were least in fall (September through November).\r\n\r\nTotal yields of phosphorus ranged from 107 to 797 pounds per year per square mile. Greatest yields were at Flint Creek near Kansas (365 to 797 pounds per year per square mile) and the least yields were at Baron Fork at Eldon (107 to 440 pounds per year per square mile).\r\n\r\nEstimated mean flow-weighted concentrations were more than 10 times greater than the median and were consistently greater than the 75th percentile of flow-weighted phosphorus concentrations in samples collected at relatively undeveloped basins of the United States (0.022 milligram per liter and 0.037 milligram per liter, respectively). In addition, flow-weighted phosphorus concentrations in 1999-2001 at all Illinois River stations and at Flint Creek near Kansas were equal to or greater than the 75th percentile of all National Water-Quality Assessment program stations in the United States (0.29 milligram per liter).\r\n\r\nThe annual average phosphorus load entering Lake Tenkiller was about 577,000 pounds per year, and more than 86 percent of the load was transported to the lake by runoff.The Illinois River and tributaries, Flint Creek and the Baron Fork, are designated scenic rivers in Oklahoma. Recent phosphorus increases in streams in the basin have resulted in the growth of excess algae, which have limited the aesthetic benefits of water bodies in the basin, especially the Illinois River and Lake Tenkiller. The Oklahoma Water Resources Board has established a standard for total phosphorus not to exceed the 30- day geometric mean concentration of 0.037 milligram per liter in Oklahoma Scenic Rivers. Data from water-quality samples from 1997 to 2001 were used to summarize phosphorus concentrations and estimate phosphorus loads, yields, and flowweighted concentrations in the Illinois River basin.\r\n\r\nPhosphorus concentrations in the Illinois River basin generally were significantly greater in runoff-event samples than in base-flow samples. Phosphorus concentrations generally decreased with increasing base flow, from dilution, and increased with runoff, possibly because of phosphorus resuspension, stream bank erosion, and the addition of phosphorus ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034168","usgsCitation":"Pickup, B.E., Andrews, W.J., Haggard, B.E., and Green, W.R., 2003, Phosphorus concentrations, loads, and yields in the Illinois River Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 1997-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4168, v, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034168.","productDescription":"v, 40 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4661,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034168/pdf/wri034168.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Illinois River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.43298339843749,\n              35.86902116501695\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.1693115234375,\n              36.06686213257888\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.141845703125,\n              36.255348043040904\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.13360595703125,\n              36.4566360115962\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.20501708984375,\n              36.47872381162464\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.7186279296875,\n              36.46768069827346\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.08941650390625,\n              36.2243344853143\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.15808105468749,\n              35.93354064249312\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.16082763671875,\n              35.7286770448517\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.11962890625,\n              35.536696378395035\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.43298339843749,\n              35.86902116501695\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db68606d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pickup, Barbara E.","contributorId":31461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickup","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, William J. 0000-0003-4780-8835 wandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"William","email":"wandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haggard, Brian E.","contributorId":20299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haggard","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":52915,"text":"wri034115 - 2003 - Patterns and sources of fecal coliform bacteria in three streams in Virginia, 1999-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:45","indexId":"wri034115","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4115","title":"Patterns and sources of fecal coliform bacteria in three streams in Virginia, 1999-2000","docAbstract":"Surface-water impairment by fecal coliform bacteria is a water-quality issue of national scope and importance.\r\nIn Virginia, more than 175 stream segments are on the Commonwealth's 1998 303(d) list of impaired waters\r\nbecause of elevated concentrations of fecal coliform bacteria. These fecal coliform-impaired stream segments\r\nrequire the development of total maximum daily load (TMDL) and associated implementation plans, but accurate\r\ninformation on the sources contributing these bacteria usually is lacking. The development of defendable fecal\r\ncoliform TMDLs and management plans can benefit from reliable information on the bacteria sources that are\r\nresponsible for the impairment. Bacterial source tracking (BST) recently has emerged as a powerful tool for\r\nidentifying the sources of fecal coliform bacteria that impair surface waters. In a demonstration of BST\r\ntechnology, three watersheds on Virginia's 1998 303(d) list with diverse land-use practices (and potentially\r\ndiverse bacteria sources) were studied. Accotink Creek is dominated by urban land uses, Christians Creek by\r\nagricultural land uses, and Blacks Run is affected by both urban and agricultural land uses. During the 20-month\r\nfield study (March 1999?October 2000), water samples were collected from each stream during a range of flow\r\nconditions and seasons. For each sample, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, turbidity,\r\nflow, and water temperature were measured. Fecal coliform concentrations of each water sample were determined\r\nusing the membrane filtration technique. Next, Escherichia coli (E. coli) were isolated from the fecal coliform\r\nbacteria and their sources were identified using ribotyping (a method of 'genetic fingerprinting'). \r\n\r\nStudy results provide enhanced understanding of the concentrations and sources of fecal coliform bacteria in\r\nthese three watersheds. Continuum sampling (sampling along the length of the streams) indicated that elevated\r\nconcentrations of fecal coliform bacteria (maximum observed concentration of 290,000 colonies/100 milliliters\r\n(col/100mL) could occur along the entire length of each stream, and that the samples collected at the downstream\r\nmonitoring station of each stream were generally representative of the entire upstream reach. Seasonal patterns\r\nwere observed in the base-flow fecal coliform concentrations of all streams; concentrations were typically highest\r\nin the summer and lowest in the winter. Fecal coliform concentrations were lowest during periods of base flow\r\n(typically 200?2,000 col/100mL) and increased by 3?4 orders of magnitude during storm events\r\n(as high as 700,000 col/100mL). Multiple linear regression models were developed to predict fecal coliform\r\nconcentrations as a function of streamflow and other water-quality parameters. The source tracking technique\r\nprovided identification of bacteria contributions from diverse sources that included (but were not limited to) humans,\r\ncattle, poultry, horses, dogs, cats, geese, ducks, raccoons, and deer. Seasonal patterns were observed in the\r\ncontributions of cattle and poultry sources. There were relations between the identified sources of fecal coliform\r\nbacteria and the land-use practices within each watershed. There were only minor differences in the distribution of\r\nbacteria sources between low-flow periods and high-flow periods. A coupled approach that utilized both a large\r\navailable source library and a smaller, location-specific source library provided the most success in identifying the\r\nunknown E. coli isolates. BST data should provide valuable support and guidance for producing more defendable and\r\nscientifically rigorous watershed models. Incorporation of these bacteria-source data into watershed management\r\nstrategies also should result in the selection of more efficient source-reduction scenarios for improving water quality.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034115","usgsCitation":"Hyer, K., and Moyer, D., 2003, Patterns and sources of fecal coliform bacteria in three streams in Virginia, 1999-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4115, v, 76 p. : ill., maps. (some col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034115.","productDescription":"v, 76 p. : ill., maps. (some col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5005,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034115/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b48f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hyer, Kenneth kenhyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyer","given":"Kenneth","email":"kenhyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moyer, Douglas 0000-0001-6330-478X dlmoyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6330-478X","contributorId":2670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"Douglas","email":"dlmoyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":50119,"text":"wri034069 - 2003 - Geologic Setting, Geohydrology, and Ground-Water Quality near the Helendale Fault in the Mojave River Basin, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:19","indexId":"wri034069","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4069","title":"Geologic Setting, Geohydrology, and Ground-Water Quality near the Helendale Fault in the Mojave River Basin, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"The proximity of the Mojave River ground-water basin to the highly urbanized Los Angeles region has resulted in rapid population growth and, consequently, an increase in the demand for water. The Mojave River, the primary source of surface water for the region, normally is dry--except for periods of flow after intense storms; therefore, the region relies almost entirely on ground water to meet its agricultural and municipal needs. The area where the Helendale Fault intersects the Mojave River is of particular hydrogeologic interest because of its importance as a boundary between two water-management subareas of the Mojave Water Agency. The fault is the boundary between the upper Mojave River Basin (Oeste, Alto, and Este subareas) and the lower Mojave River Basin (Centro and Baja subareas); specifically, the fault is the boundary between the Alto and the Centro subareas. To obtain the information necessary to help better understand the hydrogeology of the area near the fault, multiple-well monitoring sites were installed, the surface geology was mapped in detail, and water-level and water-quality data were collected from wells in the study area.\r\n\r\nDetailed surficial geologic maps and water-level measurements indicate that the Helendale Fault impedes the flow of ground water in the deeper regional aquifer, but not in the overlying floodplain aquifer. Other faults mapped in the area impede the flow of ground water in both aquifers. Evidence of flowing water in the Mojave River upgradient of the Helendale Fault exists in the historical record, suggesting an upward gradient of ground-water flow. However, water-level data from this study indicate that pumping upstream of the Helendale Fault has reversed the vertical gradient of ground-water flow since predevelopment conditions, and the potential now exists for water to flow downward from the floodplain aquifer to the regional aquifer.\r\n\r\nSixty-seven ground-water samples were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, and stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen from 34 wells within the study area between May 1990 and November 1999. Dissolved-solids concentrations in water samples from 14 wells in the floodplain aquifer ranged from 339 to 2,330 milligrams per liter (mg/L) with a median concentration of 825 mg/L. Concentrations in water from 11 of these wells exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (SMCL) of 500 mg/L. Dissolved-solids concentrations of water from nine wells sampled in the regional aquifer ranged from 479 to 946 mg/L with a median concentration of 666 mg/L. Concentrations in at least one sample of water from each of the wells in the regional aquifer exceeded the USEPA SMCL for dissolved solids. Arsenic concentrations in water from 14 wells in the floodplain aquifer ranged from less than the detection limit of 2 micrograms per liter (?g/L) to a maximum of 34 ?g/L with a median concentration of 6 ?g/L. Concentrations in water from six of the 14 wells exceeded the USEPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for arsenic of 10 ?g/L. Arsenic concentrations in water from nine wells in the regional aquifer ranged from less than the detection limit of 2 to 130 ?g/L with a median concentration of 11 ?g/L. Concentrations in water from five of these nine wells exceeded the USEPA MCL for arsenic. Dissolved-solids concentrations in water from seven wells completed in the igneous and metamorphic basement rocks that underlie the floodplain and regional aquifers ranged from 400 to 3,190 mg/L with a median concentration of 1,410 mg/L. Concentrations in water from all but one of the seven wells sampled exceeded the USEPA SMCL for dissolved solids. Concentrations in water from the basement rocks exceeded the USEPA SMCL for arsenic of 10 ?g/L in five of the seven wells. The high concentrations of arsenic, dissolved solids, and other constituents probably occur naturally.\r\n\r\nStable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen indicate that before pumping began in ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034069","usgsCitation":"Stamos, C., Cox, B.F., Izbicki, J., and Mendez, G.O., 2003, Geologic Setting, Geohydrology, and Ground-Water Quality near the Helendale Fault in the Mojave River Basin, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4069, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034069.","productDescription":"53 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4305,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034069/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":176366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8365","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stamos, Christina L. 0000-0002-1007-9352","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1007-9352","contributorId":19593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamos","given":"Christina L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Brett F. bcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":5793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Brett","email":"bcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":240798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":240796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mendez, Gregory O. 0000-0002-9955-3726 gomendez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9955-3726","contributorId":1489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendez","given":"Gregory","email":"gomendez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":240797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":51976,"text":"wri034030 - 2003 - Simulation of streamflow and estimation of streamflow constituent loads in the San Antonio River watershed, Bexar County, Texas, 1997-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T11:11:46","indexId":"wri034030","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4030","title":"Simulation of streamflow and estimation of streamflow constituent loads in the San Antonio River watershed, Bexar County, Texas, 1997-2001","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey developed watershed models (Hydrological Simulation Program—FORTRAN) to simulate streamflow and estimate streamflow constituent loads from five basins that compose the San Antonio River watershed in Bexar County, Texas. Rainfall and streamflow data collected during 1997–2001 were used to calibrate and test the model. The model was configured so that runoff from various land uses and discharges from other sources (such as wastewater recycling facilities) could be accounted for to indicate sources of streamflow. Simulated streamflow volumes were used with land-use-specific, water-quality data to compute streamflow loads of selected constituents from the various streamflow sources.</p><p>Model simulations for 1997–2001 indicate that inflow from the upper Medina River (originating outside Bexar County) represents about 22 percent of total streamflow. Recycled wastewater discharges account for about 20 percent and base flow (ground-water inflow to streams) about 18 percent. Storm runoff from various land uses represents about 33 percent. </p><p>Estimates of sources of streamflow constituent loads indicate recycled wastewater as the largest source of dissolved solids and nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen (about 38 and 66 percent, respectively, of the total loads) during 1997–2001. Stormwater runoff from urban land produced about 49 percent of the 1997–2001 total suspended solids load. Stormwater runoff from residential and commercial land (about 23 percent of the land area) produced about 70 percent of the total lead streamflow load during 1997–2001. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/wri034030","collaboration":"In cooperation with the San Antonio Water System ","usgsCitation":"Ockerman, D.J., and McNamara, K.C., 2003, Simulation of streamflow and estimation of streamflow constituent loads in the San Antonio River watershed, Bexar County, Texas, 1997-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4030, HTML Document; Report: iv, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034030.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: iv, 37 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4534,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri03-4030/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335481,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri03-4030/pdf/wri03-4030.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Bexar County","otherGeospatial":"San Antonio River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.50616455078125,\n              29.739339757443286\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.58993530273438,\n              29.736954896290666\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.72451782226562,\n              29.71548859443817\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.778076171875,\n              29.67015577117534\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.82476806640625,\n              29.621221113784504\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.865966796875,\n              29.554345125748267\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.88656616210938,\n              29.434813598289637\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.87969970703125,\n              29.388158098102554\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.86184692382812,\n              29.334298230315675\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.83438110351562,\n              29.26124274448168\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.77944946289062,\n              29.216904948184734\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.734130859375,\n              29.178543264303006\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.64349365234374,\n              29.156958511360703\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.5693359375,\n              29.159357041355424\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.46084594726562,\n              29.185737173254434\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.36196899414061,\n              29.204918463909035\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.31939697265625,\n              29.263638834879824\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.28231811523438,\n              29.3642238956322\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.3056640625,\n              29.44438130948883\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.2891845703125,\n              29.534034720259523\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.34686279296874,\n              29.62360872200976\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.3990478515625,\n              29.682087444299334\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.45947265625,\n              29.71071768156533\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.50616455078125,\n              29.739339757443286\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699e32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ockerman, Darwin J. 0000-0003-1958-1688 ockerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1688","contributorId":1579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"Darwin","email":"ockerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":244591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNamara, Kenna C.","contributorId":51841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Kenna","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":50887,"text":"wri034086 - 2003 - Changes in streamflow and summary of major-ion chemistry and loads in the North Fork Red River basin upstream from Lake Altus, northwestern Texas and western Oklahoma, 1945-1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T16:42:36","indexId":"wri034086","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4086","title":"Changes in streamflow and summary of major-ion chemistry and loads in the North Fork Red River basin upstream from Lake Altus, northwestern Texas and western Oklahoma, 1945-1999","docAbstract":"<p>Upstream from Lake Altus, the North Fork Red River drains an area of 2,515 square miles. The quantity and quality of surface water are major concerns at Lake Altus, and water-resource managers and consumers need historical information to make informed decisions about future development. The Lugert-Altus Irrigation District relies on withdrawals from the lake to sustain nearly 46,000 acres of agricultural land. </p><p>Kendall's tau tests of precipitation data indicated no statistically significant trend over the entire 100 years of available record. However, a significant increase in precipitation occurred in the last 51 years. Four streamflow-gaging stations with more than 10 years of record were maintained in the basin. These stations recorded no significant trends in annual streamflow volume. Two stations, however, had significant increasing trends in the base-flow index, and three had significant decreasing trends in annual peak flows. </p><p>Major-ion chemistry in the North Fork Red River is closely related to the chemical composition of the underlying bedrock. Two main lithologies are represented in the basin upstream from Lake Altus. In the upper reaches, young and poorly consolidated sediments include a range of sizes from coarse gravel to silt and clay. Nearsurface horizons commonly are cemented as calcium carbonate caliche. Finer-grained gypsiferous sandstones and shales dominate the lower reaches of the basin. A distinct increase in dissolved solids, specifically sodium, chloride, calcium, and sulfate, occurs as the river flows over rocks that contain substantial quantities of gypsum, anhydrite, and dolomite. These natural salts are the major dissolved constituents in the North Fork Red River.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034086","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.J., and Wahl, K.L., 2003, Changes in streamflow and summary of major-ion chemistry and loads in the North Fork Red River basin upstream from Lake Altus, northwestern Texas and western Oklahoma, 1945-1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4086, vi, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034086.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342521,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034086/pdf/wri034086.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":4652,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034086/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma, Texas","otherGeospatial":"North Fork Red River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -102.01904296874999,\n              35.47856499535729\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.0245361328125,\n              35.24561909420681\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.9915771484375,\n              35.17380831799959\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.568603515625,\n              35.15135442846945\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.5853271484375,\n              35.14237113713991\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.3106689453125,\n              35.106428057364255\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.074462890625,\n              35.0254981588326\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.88220214843749,\n              34.939985151560435\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.5965576171875,\n              34.863397850419524\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.3438720703125,\n              34.827332061981586\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.0472412109375,\n              34.88142481679756\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.975830078125,\n              35.003003395276714\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.997802734375,\n              35.21869749632885\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.11865234374999,\n              35.37561413174875\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.2724609375,\n              35.53222622770337\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.755859375,\n              35.75097043944926\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.74462890625,\n              35.94688293218141\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.0137939453125,\n              35.88014896488361\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.546630859375,\n              35.67514743608467\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.01904296874999,\n              35.47856499535729\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6c61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, S. Jerrod 0000-0002-9379-8167 sjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-8167","contributorId":981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"sjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jerrod","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wahl, Kenneth L.","contributorId":61024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":51983,"text":"wri034031 - 2003 - Simulation of streamflow and water quality in the White Clay Creek subbasin of the Christina River Basin, Pennsylvania and Delaware, 1994-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T15:35:46","indexId":"wri034031","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4031","title":"Simulation of streamflow and water quality in the White Clay Creek subbasin of the Christina River Basin, Pennsylvania and Delaware, 1994-98","docAbstract":"<p>The Christina River Basin drains 565 square miles (mi<sup>2</sup>) in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware. Water from the basin is used for recreation, drinking water supply, and to support aquatic life. The Christina River Basin includes the major subbasins of Brandywine Creek, White Clay Creek, and Red Clay Creek. The White Clay Creek is the second largest of the subbasins and drains an area of 108 mi<sup>2</sup>. Water quality in some parts of the Christina River Basin is impaired and does not support designated uses of the streams. A multi-agency water-quality management strategy included a modeling component to evaluate the effects of point and nonpoint-source contributions of nutrients and suspended sediment on stream water quality. To assist in non point-source evaluation, four independent models, one for each of the three major subbasins and for the Christina River, were developed and calibrated using the model code Hydrological Simulation Program—Fortran (HSPF). Water-quality data for model calibration were collected in each of the four main subbasins and in smaller subbasins predominantly covered by one land use following a nonpoint-source monitoring plan. Under this plan, stormflow and base- flow samples were collected during 1998 at two sites in the White Clay Creek subbasin and at nine sites in the other subbasins.</p><p>The HSPF model for the White Clay Creek Basin simulates streamflow, suspended sediment, and the nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus. In addition, the model simulates water temperature, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, and plankton as secondary objectives needed to support the sediment and nutrient simulations. For the model, the basin was subdivided into 17 reaches draining areas that ranged from 1.37 to 13 mi<sup>2</sup>. Ten different pervious land uses and two impervious land uses were selected for simulation. Land-use areas were determined from 1995 land-use data. The predominant land uses in the White Clay Creek Basin are agricultural, forested, residential, and urban.</p><p>The hydrologic component of the model was run at an hourly time step and primarily calibrated using streamflow data from two U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-measurement stations for the period of October 1, 1994, through October 29, 1998. Additional calibration was done using data from two other USGS streamflow-measurement stations with periods of record shorter than the calibration period. Daily precipitation data from two National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) gages and hourly precipitation and other meteorological data for one NOAA gage were used for model input. The difference between simulated and observed streamflow volume ranged from -0.9 to 1.8 percent for the 4-year period at the two calibration sites with 4-year records. Annual differences between observed and simulated streamflow generally were greater than the overall error. For example, at a site near the bottom of the basin (drainage area of 89.1 mi<sup>2</sup>), annual differences between observed and simulated streamflow ranged from -5.8 to 14.4 percent and the overall error for the 4-year period was -0.9 percent. Calibration errors for 36 storm periods at the two calibration sites for total volume, low-flowrecession rate, 50-percent lowest flows, 10-percent highest flows, and storm peaks were within the recommended criteria of 20 percent or less. Much of the error in simulating storm events on an hourly time step can be attributed to uncertainty in the hourly rainfall data.</p><p>The water-quality component of the model was calibrated using data collected by the USGS and state agencies at three USGS streamflow-measurement stations with variable water-quality monitoring periods ending October 1998. Because of availability, monitoring data for suspended-solids concentrations were used as surrogates for suspended-sediment concentrations, although suspended solids may underestimate suspended sediment and affect apparent accuracy of the suspended-sediment simulation. Comparison of observed to simulated loads for up to five storms in 1998 at each of the two nonpoint-source monitoring sites in the White Clay Creek Basin indicate that simulation error is commonly as large as an order of magnitude for suspended sediment and nutrients. The simulation error tends to be smaller for dissolved nutrients than for particulate nutrients. Errors of 40 percent or less for monthly or annual values indicate a fair to good water-quality calibration according to recommended criteria, with much larger errors possible for individual events. The accuracy of the water-quality calibration under stormflow conditions is limited by the relatively small amount of water-quality data available for the White Clay Creek Basin.</p><p>Users of the White Clay Creek HSPF model should be aware of model limitations and consider the following if the model is used for predictive purposes: streamflow and water quality for individual storm events may not be well simulated, but the model performance is reasonable when evaluated over longer periods of time; the observed flow-duration curve for the simulation period is similar to the long-term flow-duration curve at White Clay Creek near Newark, Del., indicating that the calibration period is representative of all but highest 0.1 percent and lowest 0.1 percent of flows at that site; relative errors in streamflow and water-quality simulations are greater for smaller drainage areas than for larger areas; and calibration for water-quality was based on sparse data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034031","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Delaware River Basin Commission, Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Senior, L.A., and Koerkle, E.H., 2003, Simulation of streamflow and water quality in the White Clay Creek subbasin of the Christina River Basin, Pennsylvania and Delaware, 1994-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4031, x, 142 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034031.","productDescription":"x, 142 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4031/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":4538,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4031/wri20034031.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.37 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2003-4031"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\">Pennsylvania Water Science Center</a> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 215 Limekiln Road<br> New Cumberland, PA 17070</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract&nbsp;</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Description of study area</li><li>Description of model&nbsp;</li><li>Data for model input and calibration</li><li>Simulation of streamflow</li><li>Simulation of water quality</li><li>Model applications</li><li>Summary and conclusions</li><li>References cited</li><li>Appendix 1—Stormflow and base-flow water-quality data</li><li>Appendix 2—Simulated stormflow and water quality for sampled&nbsp; storms in 1998</li><li>Appendix 3—User control input (UCI) file for HSPF model of White Clay Creek Basin</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a0d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senior, Lisa A. 0000-0003-2629-1996 lasenior@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-1996","contributorId":2150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senior","given":"Lisa","email":"lasenior@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":244607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koerkle, Edward H. ekoerkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":2014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koerkle","given":"Edward","email":"ekoerkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":244606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":48849,"text":"wri034099 - 2003 - Klamath River Basin Hydrologic Conditions Prior to the September 2002 Die-Off of Salmon and Steelhead","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-23T14:14:16","indexId":"wri034099","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4099","title":"Klamath River Basin Hydrologic Conditions Prior to the September 2002 Die-Off of Salmon and Steelhead","docAbstract":"<p><span>More than 33,000 salmon and steelhead died in the lower Klamath River in late September 2002 on their way to spawning areas upstream. According to the California Department of Fish and Game, the cause of death was infection by protozoan and bacterial pathogens. Two factors that may have contributed to the disease incidence are low streamflow and high water temperature.</span></p>\n<p><span>September streamflows throughout the Klamath Basin were low, among the four lowest September flows recorded on the main stem since 1960. The low streamflows were caused by below-average snowpack and long-term drought, with resulting reduced ground-water discharge to streams.</span></p>\n<p><span>On the basis of historical climate data from the Klamath Basin and historical water temperature data from an adjacent basin, September 2002 water temperatures were above the long-term average. Temperatures in the Klamath River above the fish die-off reach exceeded 65 degrees Fahrenheit for nearly all of September; multiple days of exposure by fish to temperatures at or above that level can greatly increase disease incidence.</span></p>\n<p><span>This report characterizes streamflow and water temperature conditions during the period leading up to the die-off and compares them to historical conditions in the Klamath River. This report is not an exploration of the causative mechanism of the die-off; rather, it is intended to provide detailed documentation of these conditions to be used by those examining the cause(s) of the die-off and to provide information that can contribute to decisions about future water management in the Klamath Basin.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034099","usgsCitation":"Lynch, D.D. and Risley, J.C., 2003, Klamath River Basin hydrologic conditions prior to the September 2002\ndie-off of salmon and steelhead: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4099, 10 p.","productDescription":"17 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4069,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4099/wri03-4099.pdf","text":"Report","size":"880 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PDF of report"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_or@usgs.gov\">Director, </a>Oregon Water Science Center<br />U.S. Geological Survey<br />2130 SW 5th Avenue<br />Portland, Oregon 97201<br /><a href=\"http://or.water.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">http://or.water.usgs.gov&nbsp;</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Upper Klamath Lake Inflows and Lake Water Levels</li>\n<li>Upper Klamath Lake Outflows</li>\n<li>Diversions from the Trinity River Basin</li>\n<li>Flows in Middle and Lower Klamath Basin</li>\n<li>Ground-Water Conditions in the Upper Klamath Basin</li>\n<li>Water Temperature</li>\n<li>Summary</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n</ul>","publishedDate":"2003-05-27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b47ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lynch, Dennis D. ddlynch@usgs.gov","contributorId":4326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Dennis","email":"ddlynch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":238424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":238423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":50992,"text":"fs05903 - 2003 - Collecting peak-flow data in Ohio through the use of crest-stage gages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:22","indexId":"fs05903","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"059-03","title":"Collecting peak-flow data in Ohio through the use of crest-stage gages","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs05903","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003, Collecting peak-flow data in Ohio through the use of crest-stage gages: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 059-03, 1 sheet ([2] p.) : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs05903.","productDescription":"1 sheet ([2] p.) : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/0059/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86421,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/0059/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae90a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":52708,"text":"wri034154 - 2003 - Numerical simulation of ground-water flow in La Crosse County, Wisconsin, and into nearby pools of the Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-13T12:36:43","indexId":"wri034154","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4154","title":"Numerical simulation of ground-water flow in La Crosse County, Wisconsin, and into nearby pools of the Mississippi River","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes a two-dimensional regional screening model and two associated three-dimensional ground-water flow models that were developed to simulate the ground-water flow systems in La Crosse County, Wisconsin, and Pool 8 of the Mississippi River. Although the geographic extents of the three-dimensional models were slightly different, both were derived from the same geologic interpretation and regional screening model, and their calibrations were performed concurrently. The objectives of the La Crosse County (LCC) model were to assess the effects of recent (1990s) and potential future ground-water withdrawals and to provide a tool suitable to evaluate the effects of proposed water-management programs. The Pool 8 model objectives were to quantify the magnitude and distribution of ground-water flow into the Pool. The Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey and the U.S. Geological Survey developed the models cooperatively. The report describes: 1) the conceptual hydrogeologic model; 2) the methods used in simulating flow; 3) model calibration and sensitivity analysis; and 4) model results, such as simulation of predevelopment conditions and location and magnitude of ground-water discharge into Pool 8 of the Mississippi.</p>\n<p>Three aquifer units underlie the model area: 1) a shallow unconsolidated sand and gravel aquifer; 2) an upper bedrock aquifer, composed of Cambrian and Ordovician sandstone and dolomite; and 3) a lower bedrock aquifer composed of Cambrian sandstone of the Eau Claire Formation and the Mount Simon Formation. A shale layer that is part of the Eau Claire Formation forms a confining unit separating the upper and lower bedrock aquifers. This confining unit is absent in the Black River and parts of the La Crosse and Mississippi River valleys. Precambrian crystalline basement rock forms the lower base of the ground-water flow system.</p>\n<p>The U.S. Geological Survey ground-water flow model code, MODFLOW, was used to develop the La Crosse County (LCC) and Pool 8 ground-water flow models. Boundary conditions for the MODFLOW model were extracted from an analytic element screening model of the regional flow system surrounding La Crosse County. Model input was obtained from previously published and unpublished geologic and hydrologic data. Pumpages from municipal and high-capacity wells were also simulated.</p>\n<p>Model calibration included a comparison of modeled and field-measured water levels and field-measured base flows to simulated stream flows. At calibration, most measured water levels compared favorably to model-calculated water levels. Simulated streamflows at two targets were within 3 percent of estimated measured base flows. Mass balance results from the LCC and Pool 8 models indicated that 63 to 74 percent of ground water was from recharge and 19 to 26 percent was from surface-water sources. Ground-water flow out of the model was to rivers and streams (85 to 87 percent) and pumping wells (11 and 13 percent).</p>\n<p>The model demonstrates the effects of development on ground water in the study area. The maximum simulated water-level decline in the city of La Crosse metropolitan area is 9.3 feet. Simulated stream losses are similar to the amount of ground water pumped by wells. This indicates that ground water withdrawn by La Crosse County wells is water that under predevelopment conditions discharged to streams and lakes.</p>\n<p>The models provide estimates of the locations and amount of ground-water flow into Pool 8 and the southern portion of Pool 7 of the Mississippi River. Ground-water discharges into all areas of the pools, except along the eastern shore in the vicinity of the city of La Crosse and immediately downgradient from lock and dam 7 and 8. Ground-water flow into the pools is generally greatest around the perimeter with decreasing amounts away from the perimeter. An area of relatively high ground-water discharge extends out towards the center of Pool 7 from the upper reaches of the pool and may</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034154","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with La Crosse County, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, and Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., Saad, D.A., and Chapel, D.M., 2003, Numerical simulation of ground-water flow in La Crosse County, Wisconsin, and into nearby pools of the Mississippi River: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4154, vi, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034154.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":182124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311306,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034154/pdf/WRIR-03-4154.pdf"},{"id":5242,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034154/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"La Crosse County","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.1517,44.0806],[-91.1515,44.071],[-91.1324,44.0713],[-91.1241,44.0714],[-91.0318,44.0711],[-90.9739,44.0708],[-90.9135,44.0715],[-90.9123,43.9859],[-90.9105,43.8993],[-90.9113,43.8123],[-90.9107,43.7253],[-91.031,43.7254],[-91.1507,43.7253],[-91.2045,43.7255],[-91.2602,43.7257],[-91.259,43.7266],[-91.2578,43.7294],[-91.2554,43.7344],[-91.2537,43.7408],[-91.2516,43.7492],[-91.2508,43.7542],[-91.2507,43.7574],[-91.2503,43.7591],[-91.25,43.7605],[-91.2492,43.7646],[-91.248,43.7678],[-91.2465,43.7714],[-91.2462,43.7737],[-91.2462,43.7742],[-91.246,43.7752],[-91.2463,43.7764],[-91.2475,43.7796],[-91.2497,43.7828],[-91.2523,43.7848],[-91.2528,43.7851],[-91.2555,43.7874],[-91.256,43.7879],[-91.2579,43.7894],[-91.2604,43.7917],[-91.2639,43.7949],[-91.264,43.7972],[-91.2655,43.8021],[-91.2663,43.805],[-91.2687,43.8087],[-91.2706,43.8159],[-91.2728,43.8198],[-91.2742,43.8239],[-91.2757,43.8288],[-91.2762,43.832],[-91.2773,43.8366],[-91.2791,43.8407],[-91.2824,43.8447],[-91.2869,43.8501],[-91.2882,43.851],[-91.292,43.8537],[-91.2954,43.8564],[-91.2988,43.8593],[-91.2992,43.8596],[-91.3018,43.8621],[-91.3064,43.8663],[-91.3081,43.8684],[-91.3097,43.8704],[-91.31,43.8707],[-91.3122,43.8745],[-91.315,43.878],[-91.317,43.8816],[-91.3183,43.8853],[-91.3203,43.888],[-91.3212,43.8906],[-91.3243,43.8934],[-91.328,43.8962],[-91.3318,43.8986],[-91.3355,43.9009],[-91.3394,43.9035],[-91.3418,43.9063],[-91.3442,43.9088],[-91.348,43.9121],[-91.3493,43.9128],[-91.3519,43.9156],[-91.3565,43.9195],[-91.3594,43.9243],[-91.3654,43.9352],[-91.3673,43.9392],[-91.371,43.9429],[-91.3735,43.9457],[-91.3764,43.9482],[-91.3791,43.9494],[-91.3796,43.9498],[-91.3822,43.9513],[-91.3856,43.954],[-91.3883,43.9576],[-91.3921,43.9598],[-91.3965,43.9624],[-91.3972,43.9628],[-91.4009,43.9644],[-91.4048,43.9673],[-91.4083,43.9701],[-91.4109,43.9728],[-91.4151,43.9765],[-91.4155,43.9768],[-91.4182,43.9797],[-91.4207,43.982],[-91.424,43.9844],[-91.3909,43.9845],[-91.3833,43.9841],[-91.3267,43.9844],[-91.3308,43.993],[-91.3284,43.999],[-91.3375,44.008],[-91.3376,44.0116],[-91.3422,44.0161],[-91.3405,44.023],[-91.3407,44.0325],[-91.3383,44.0367],[-91.3319,44.0368],[-91.3309,44.0445],[-91.3252,44.046],[-91.319,44.0515],[-91.3129,44.0612],[-91.3072,44.0644],[-91.3015,44.065],[-91.2881,44.0624],[-91.2817,44.0634],[-91.2711,44.0713],[-91.2648,44.0728],[-91.2597,44.0701],[-91.2505,44.0611],[-91.2421,44.0576],[-91.2307,44.0582],[-91.2242,44.0537],[-91.2175,44.0652],[-91.21,44.0703],[-91.2007,44.0795],[-91.2003,44.0886],[-91.1914,44.0906],[-91.1805,44.0862],[-91.1691,44.0872],[-91.1594,44.0823],[-91.1517,44.0806]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"La Crosse\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db6554de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":245882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":245881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapel, Dawn M.","contributorId":66782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapel","given":"Dawn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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