Felsic volcanic rocks have long been considered a primary source of uranium for many kinds of uranium deposits, but volcanogenic uranium deposits themselves have generally not been important resources. Until the past few years, resource summaries for the United States or the world generally include volcanogenic in the broad category of \"other deposits\" because they comprised less than 0.5 percent of past production or estimated resources. Exploration in the United States from the 1940s through 1982 discovered hundreds of prospects in volcanic rocks, of which fewer than 20 had some recorded production. Intensive exploration in the late 1970s found some large deposits, but low grades (less than about 0.10 percent U3O8) discouraged economic development. A few deposits in the world, drilled in the 1980s and 1990s, are now known to contain large resources (>20,000 tonnes U3O8). However, research on ore-forming processes and exploration for volcanogenic deposits has lagged behind other kinds of uranium deposits and has not utilized advances in understanding of geology, geochemistry, and paleohydrology of ore deposits in general and epithermal deposits in particular. This review outlines new ways to explore and assess for volcanogenic deposits, using new concepts of convection, fluid mixing, and high heat flow to mobilize uranium from volcanic source rocks and form deposits that are postulated to be large. Much can also be learned from studies of epithermal metal deposits, such as the important roles of extensional tectonics, bimodal volcanism, and fracture-flow systems related to resurgent calderas.
Regional resource assessment is helped by genetic concepts, but hampered by limited information on frontier areas and undiscovered districts. Diagnostic data used to define ore deposit genesis, such as stable isotopic data, are rarely available for frontier areas. A volcanic environment classification, with three classes (proximal, distal, and pre-volcanic structures), permits use of geologic features on 1:500,000 to 1:100,000 scale maps. Geochemical databases for volcanic rocks are postulated to be more effective than databases for stream sediments or surface radioactivity, both of which tend to be inconsistent because of variable leaching of uranium from soils. Based on empirical associations, spatial associations with areas of wet paleoclimate, adjacent oil and gas fields, or evaporite beds are deemed positive. Most difficult to estimate is the location of depositional traps and reduction zones, in part because they are mere points at regional scale.
Grade and tonnage data are reviewed and discussed for 32 deposits in the world. Experience of mining engineers and geologists in Asia suggests that tonnages could be higher than presently known in the Western Hemisphere. Geological analysis, and new data from Asia, suggest a typical or median deposit tonnage of about 5,000 tonnes U3O8, and an optimistic forecast of discoveries in the range of 5,000 to 20,000 tonnes U3O8. The likely grade of undiscovered deposits could be about 0.15 percent U3O8 , based on both western and eastern examples. Volcanic terrane is under-explored, relative to other kinds of uranium deposits, and is considered a favorable frontier area for new discoveries.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101001","usgsCitation":"Nash, J.T., 2010, Volcanogenic uranium deposits: Geology, geochemical processes, and criteria for resource assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1001, vi, 99 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101001.","productDescription":"vi, 99 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":177,"text":"Central Region Mineral Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1001.gif"},{"id":13397,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1001/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402306,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_91039.htm"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd616","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nash, J. Thomas","contributorId":26306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98131,"text":"ofr20091296 - 2010 - Design of Cycle 3 of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 2013-2022: Part 1: Framework of Water-Quality Issues and Potential Approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"ofr20091296","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1296","title":"Design of Cycle 3 of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 2013-2022: Part 1: Framework of Water-Quality Issues and Potential Approaches","docAbstract":"In 1991, the U.S. Congress established the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program to develop long-term, nationally consistent information on the quality of the Nation's streams and groundwater. Congress recognized the critical need for this information to support scientifically sound management, regulatory, and policy decisions concerning the increasingly stressed water resources of the Nation. \r\n\r\nThe long-term goals of NAWQA are to: (1) assess the status of water-quality conditions in the United States, (2) evaluate long-term trends in water-quality conditions, and (3) link status and trends with an understanding of the natural and human factors that affect water quality. These goals are national in scale, include both surface water and groundwater, and include consideration of water quality in relation to both human uses and aquatic ecosystems.\r\n\r\nSince 1991, NAWQA assessments and findings have fostered and supported major improvements in the availability and use of unbiased scientific information for decisionmaking, resource management, and planning at all levels of government. These improvements have enabled agencies and stakeholders to cost-effectively address a wide range of water-quality issues related to natural and human influences on the quality of water and potential effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/xrel.pdf). \r\n\r\nNAWQA, like all USGS programs, provides policy relevant information that serves as a scientific basis for decisionmaking related to resource management, protection, and restoration. The information is freely available to all levels of government, nongovernmental organizations, industry, academia, and the public, and is readily accessible on the NAWQA Web site and other diverse formats to serve the needs of the water-resource community at different technical levels. Water-quality conditions in streams and groundwater are described in more than 1,700 publications (available online at http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/bib/), and are documented by more than 14 million data records representing about 7,600 stream sites, 8,100 wells, and 2,000 water-quality and ecological constituents that are available from the NAWQA data warehouse (http://infotrek.er.usgs.gov/traverse/f?p=NAWQA:HOME:0). The Program promotes collaboration and liaison with government officials, resource managers, industry representatives, and other stakeholders to increase the utility and relevance of NAWQA science to decisionmakers. As part of this effort, NAWQA supports integration of data from other organizations into NAWQA assessments, where appropriate and cost-effective, so that more comprehensive findings are available across geographic and temporal scales.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091296","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Rowe, G.L., Belitz, K., Essaid, H.I., Gilliom, R.J., Hamilton, P.A., Hoos, A.B., Lynch, D.D., Munn, M.D., and Wolock, D.W., 2010, Design of Cycle 3 of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 2013-2022: Part 1: Framework of Water-Quality Issues and Potential Approaches: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1296, v, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091296.","productDescription":"v, 54 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2013-01-01","temporalEnd":"2022-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1296.jpg"},{"id":13373,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1296/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667ec7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowe, Gary L. glrowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Gary","email":"glrowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Essaid, Hedeff I. 0000-0003-0154-8628 hiessaid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8628","contributorId":2284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"Hedeff","email":"hiessaid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hamilton, Pixie A. pahamilt@usgs.gov","contributorId":1068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Pixie","email":"pahamilt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoos, Anne B. abhoos@usgs.gov","contributorId":2236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoos","given":"Anne","email":"abhoos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lynch, Dennis D. ddlynch@usgs.gov","contributorId":4326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Dennis","email":"ddlynch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Munn, Mark D. 0000-0002-7154-7252 mdmunn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7154-7252","contributorId":976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munn","given":"Mark","email":"mdmunn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wolock, David W.","contributorId":64357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":98127,"text":"ofr20101002 - 2010 - Sediment distribution on the Mississippi-Alabama shelf, northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-05T15:33:56.555453","indexId":"ofr20101002","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1002","title":"Sediment distribution on the Mississippi-Alabama shelf, northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"The Mississippi-Alabama shelf is bounded to the west by landforms associated with the Mississippi River Delta, to the north by the barrier-island systems of the Mississippi Alabama shoreline, and to the east by the Desoto Canyon. This portion of the northern Gulf of Mexico has been described as a slowly subsiding, passive continental margin (Sydow and Roberts, 1994). Presently, sediment processes on the shelf are a function of prevailing winds and currents: in the past, however, the shelf was the focus of numerous delta cycles. Major episodes of deposition and erosion on the shelf have occurred in response to oscillations in sea level. This report summarizes these processes and identifies areas of near-surface (<10 m below seafloor) deposits that may be suitable for sediment resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101002","usgsCitation":"Flocks, J.G., Sanford, J., and Smith, J., 2010, Sediment distribution on the Mississippi-Alabama shelf, northern Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1002, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101002.","productDescription":"43 p.","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198452,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi-Alabama shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.06997333565288,\n 30.333077210754652\n ],\n [\n -89.06997333565288,\n 29.17379862103347\n ],\n [\n -87.1204204846309,\n 29.17379862103347\n ],\n [\n -87.1204204846309,\n 30.333077210754652\n ],\n [\n -89.06997333565288,\n 30.333077210754652\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc128","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanford, Jordan","contributorId":38254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Jordan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Jackie L.","contributorId":105017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Jackie L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98120,"text":"ofr20091290 - 2010 - Gas, oil, and water production from Jonah, Pinedale, Greater Wamsutter, and Stagecoach Draw fields in the Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T19:22:14.761699","indexId":"ofr20091290","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1290","title":"Gas, oil, and water production from Jonah, Pinedale, Greater Wamsutter, and Stagecoach Draw fields in the Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Gas, oil, and water production data were compiled from selected wells in four gas fields in rocks of Late Cretaceous age in southwestern Wyoming. This study is one of a series of reports examining fluid production from tight-gas reservoirs, which are characterized by low permeability, low porosity, and the presence of clay minerals in pore space. Production from each well is represented by two samples spaced five years apart, the first sample typically taken two years after commencement of production. For each producing interval, summary diagrams of oil versus gas and water versus gas production show fluid production rates, the change in rates during five years, the water-gas and oil-gas ratios, and the fluid type. These diagrams permit well-to-well and field-to-field comparisons. Fields producing water at low rates (water dissolved in gas in the reservoir) can be distinguished from fields producing water at moderate or high rates, and the water-gas ratios are quantified.
The ranges of first-sample gas rates in Pinedale field and Jonah field are quite similar, and the average gas production rate for the second sample, taken five years later, is about one-half that of the first sample for both fields. Water rates are generally substantially higher in Pinedale than in Jonah, and water-gas ratios in Pinedale are roughly a factor of ten greater in Pinedale than in Jonah. Gas and water production rates from each field are fairly well grouped, indicating that Pinedale and Jonah fields are fairly cohesive gas-water systems. Pinedale field appears to be remarkably uniform in its flow behavior with time. Jonah field, which is internally faulted, exhibits a small spread in first-sample production rates. In the Greater Wamsutter field, gas production from the upper part of the Almond Formation is greater than from the main part of the Almond. Some wells in the main and the combined (upper and main parts) Almond show increases in water production with time, whereas increases in water production are rare in the upper part of the Almond, and a higher percentage of wells in the upper part of the Almond show water decreasing at the same rate as gas than in the main or combined parts of the Almond.
In Stagecoach Draw field, the gas production rate after five years is about one-fourth that of the first sample, whereas in Pinedale, Jonah, and Greater Wamsutter fields, the production rate after five years is about one-half that of the first sample. The more rapid gas decline rate seems to be the outstanding feature distinguishing Stagecoach Draw field, which is characterized as a conventional field, from Pinedale, Jonah, and Greater Wamsutter fields, which are generally characterized as tight-gas accumulations. Oil-gas ratios are fairly consistent within Jonah, Pinedale, and Stagecoach Draw fields, suggesting similar chemical composition and pressure-temperature conditions within each field, and are less than the 20 bbl/mmcf upper limit for wet gas. However, oil-gas ratios vary considerably from one area to another in the Greater Wamsutter field, demonstrating a lack of commonality in either chemistry or pressure-temperature conditions among the six areas.
In all wells in all four fields examined here, water production commences with gas production—there are no examples of wells with water-free production and no examples where water production commences after first-sample gas production. The fraction of records with water production higher in the second sample than in the first sample varies from field to field, with Pinedale field showing the lowest percentage of such cases and Jonah field showing the most. Most wells have water-gas ratios exceeding the amount that could exist dissolved in gas at reservoir pressure and temperature.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091290","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., Ewald, S.M., Santus, S.L., and Trainor, P.K., 2010, Gas, oil, and water production from Jonah, Pinedale, Greater Wamsutter, and Stagecoach Draw fields in the Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1290, Pamphlet: iv, 19 p.; 5 Plates: 42.38 × 21.00 inches or smaller; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091290.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 19 p.; 5 Plates: 42.38 × 21.00 inches or smaller; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1290.jpg"},{"id":407875,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_90298.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13360,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1290/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Jonah, Pinedale, Greater Wamsutter, and Stagecoach Draw fields","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -107.3833,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -107.3833,\n 42.8667\n ],\n [\n -110,\n 42.8667\n ],\n [\n -110,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b12fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ewald, Shauna M.","contributorId":43884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewald","given":"Shauna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santus, Stephen L. ssantus@usgs.gov","contributorId":4566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santus","given":"Stephen","email":"ssantus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trainor, Patrick K.","contributorId":34220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trainor","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98123,"text":"ofr20091165 - 2010 - Volcano-Monitoring Instrumentation in the United States, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-11T21:02:03.414393","indexId":"ofr20091165","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1165","title":"Volcano-Monitoring Instrumentation in the United States, 2008","docAbstract":"The United States is one of the most volcanically active countries in the world. According to the global volcanism database of the Smithsonian Institution, the United States (including its Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands) is home to about 170 volcanoes that are in an eruptive phase, have erupted in historical time, or have not erupted recently but are young enough (eruptions within the past 10,000 years) to be capable of reawakening. From 1980 through 2008, 30 of these volcanoes erupted, several repeatedly.\r\n\r\nVolcano monitoring in the United States is carried out by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Hazards Program, which operates a system of five volcano observatories-Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO), Cascades Volcano Observatory (CVO), Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), Long Valley Observatory (LVO), and Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO). The observatories issue public alerts about conditions and hazards at U.S. volcanoes in support of the USGS mandate under P.L. 93-288 (Stafford Act) to provide timely warnings of potential volcanic disasters to the affected populace and civil authorities.\r\n\r\nTo make efficient use of the Nation's scientific resources, the volcano observatories operate in partnership with universities and other governmental agencies through various formal agreements. The Consortium of U.S. Volcano Observatories (CUSVO) was established in 2001 to promote scientific cooperation among the Federal, academic, and State agencies involved in observatory operations. Other groups also contribute to volcano monitoring by sponsoring long-term installation of geophysical instruments at some volcanoes for specific research projects.\r\n\r\nThis report describes a database of information about permanently installed ground-based instruments used by the U.S. volcano observatories to monitor volcanic activity (unrest and eruptions). The purposes of this Volcano-Monitoring Instrumentation Database (VMID) are to (1) document the Nation's existing, ground-based, volcano-monitoring capabilities, (2) answer queries within a geospatial framework about the nature of the instrumentation, and (3) provide a benchmark for planning future monitoring improvements.\r\n\r\nThe VMID is not an archive of the data collected by monitoring instruments, nor is it intended to keep track of whether a station is temporarily unavailable due to telemetry or equipment problems. Instead, it is a compilation of basic information about each instrument such as location, type, and sponsoring agency. Typically, instruments installed expressly for volcano monitoring are emplaced within about 20 kilometers (km) of a volcanic center; however, some more distant instruments (as far away as 100 km) can be used under certain circumstances and therefore are included in the database. Not included is information about satellite-based and airborne sensors and temporarily deployed instrument arrays, which also are used for volcano monitoring but do not lend themselves to inclusion in a geospatially organized compilation of sensor networks.\r\n\r\nThis Open-File Report is provided in two parts: (1) an Excel spreadsheet (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1165/) containing the version of the Volcano-Monitoring Instrumentation Database current through 31 December 2008 and (2) this text (in Adobe PDF format), which serves as metadata for the VMID. The disclaimer for the VMID is in appendix 1 of the text. Updated versions of the VMID will be posted on the Web sites of the Consortium of U.S. Volcano Observatories (http://www.cusvo.org/) and the USGS Volcano Hazards Program http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/activity/data/index.php.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091165","usgsCitation":"Guffanti, M., Diefenbach, A., Ewert, J.W., Ramsey, D.W., Cervelli, P.F., and Schilling, S.P., 2010, Volcano-Monitoring Instrumentation in the United States, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1165, Report: iv, 32 p.; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091165.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 32 p.; Database","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1165.jpg"},{"id":13363,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1165/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd77e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guffanti, Marianne","contributorId":68257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guffanti","given":"Marianne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diefenbach, Angela K. 0000-0003-0214-7818","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0214-7818","contributorId":36650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Angela K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ewert, John W. 0000-0003-2819-4057 jwewert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-4057","contributorId":642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewert","given":"John","email":"jwewert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramsey, David W. 0000-0003-1698-2523 dramsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1698-2523","contributorId":3819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"David","email":"dramsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cervelli, Peter F. 0000-0001-6765-1009 pcervelli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-1009","contributorId":1936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervelli","given":"Peter","email":"pcervelli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schilling, Steven P.","contributorId":31081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":98125,"text":"ofr20091259 - 2010 - Developing an Analytical Framework: Incorporating Ecosystem Services into Decision Making - Proceedings of a Workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:56","indexId":"ofr20091259","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1259","title":"Developing an Analytical Framework: Incorporating Ecosystem Services into Decision Making - Proceedings of a Workshop","docAbstract":"The analytical framework for understanding ecosystem services in conservation, resource management, and development decisions is multidisciplinary, encompassing a combination of the natural and social sciences. This report summarizes a workshop on 'Developing an Analytical Framework: Incorporating Ecosystem Services into Decision Making,' which focused on the analytical process and on identifying research priorities for assessing ecosystem services, their production and use, their spatial and temporal characteristics, their relationship with natural systems, and their interdependencies. Attendees discussed research directions and solutions to key challenges in developing the analytical framework. The discussion was divided into two sessions: (1) the measurement framework: quantities and values, and (2) the spatial framework: mapping and spatial relationships.\r\n\r\nThis workshop was the second of three preconference workshops associated with ACES 2008 (A Conference on Ecosystem Services): Using Science for Decision Making in Dynamic Systems. These three workshops were designed to explore the ACES 2008 theme on decision making and how the concept of ecosystem services can be more effectively incorporated into conservation, restoration, resource management, and development decisions. Preconference workshop 1, 'Developing a Vision: Incorporating Ecosystem Services into Decision Making,' was held on April 15, 2008, in Cambridge, MA. In preconference workshop 1, participants addressed what would have to happen to make ecosystem services be used more routinely and effectively in conservation, restoration, resource management, and development decisions, and they identified some key challenges in developing the analytical framework. Preconference workshop 3, 'Developing an Institutional Framework: Incorporating Ecosystem Services into Decision Making,' was held on October 30, 2008, in Albuquerque, NM; participants examined the relationship between the institutional framework and the use of ecosystem services in decision making.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091259","collaboration":"Proceedings of a workshop associated with \"A Conference on Ecosystem Services (ACES 2008)\"\r\n","usgsCitation":"Hogan, D., Arthaud, G., Pattison, M., Sayre, R.G., and Shapiro, C., 2010, Developing an Analytical Framework: Incorporating Ecosystem Services into Decision Making - Proceedings of a Workshop: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1259, iii, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091259.","productDescription":"iii, 6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-04-15","temporalEnd":"2008-10-30","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1259.jpg"},{"id":13362,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1259/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d55e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogan, Dianna","contributorId":79565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"Dianna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arthaud, Greg","contributorId":48269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthaud","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pattison, Malka","contributorId":15302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pattison","given":"Malka","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sayre, Roger G. rsayre@usgs.gov","contributorId":2882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayre","given":"Roger","email":"rsayre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shapiro, Carl 0000-0002-1598-6808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1598-6808","contributorId":104584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Carl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98115,"text":"ofr20091277 - 2010 - A Composite Depth Scale for Sediments from Crevice Lake, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:53","indexId":"ofr20091277","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1277","title":"A Composite Depth Scale for Sediments from Crevice Lake, Montana","docAbstract":"As part of a study to derive records of past environmental change from lake sediments in the western United States, a set of cores was collected from Crevice Lake, Montana, in late February and early March 2001. Crevice Lake (latitude 45.000N, longitude 110.578W, elevation 1,713 meters) lies adjacent to the Yellowstone River at the north edge of Yellowstone National Park. The lake is more than 31 meters deep and has a surface area of 7.76 hectares. The combination of small surface area and significant depth promote anoxic bottom-water conditions that preserve annual laminations (varves) in the sediment.\r\n\r\nThree types of cores were collected through the ice. The uppermost sediments were obtained in freeze cores that preserved the sediment water interface. Two sites were cored with a 5-centimeter diameter corer. Five cores were taken with a 2-meter-long percussion piston corer. The percussion core uses a plastic core liner with an inside diameter of 9 centimeters. Coring was done at two sites. Because of the relatively large diameter of the percussion cores, samples from these cores were used for a variety of analyses including pollen, charcoal, diatoms, stable isotopes, organic and inorganic carbon, elemental analyses, and magnetic properties.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091277","usgsCitation":"Rosenbaum, J.G., Skipp, G., Honke, J., and Chapman, C., 2010, A Composite Depth Scale for Sediments from Crevice Lake, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1277, Report: iv, 5 p.; Figure (8.5 x 38 inches), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091277.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 5 p.; Figure (8.5 x 38 inches)","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-02-15","temporalEnd":"2001-03-15","costCenters":[{"id":230,"text":"Earth Surface Processes Team - Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1277.jpg"},{"id":13354,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1277/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.75,44.75 ], [ -110.75,45.25 ], [ -110.25,45.25 ], [ -110.25,44.75 ], [ -110.75,44.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4951e4b0b290850ef0c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenbaum, J. G.","contributorId":96685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skipp, G.","contributorId":49899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Honke, J.","contributorId":62714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honke","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapman, C.","contributorId":16951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98096,"text":"ofr20091295 - 2010 - Guidelines for Standardized Testing of Broadband Seismometers and Accelerometers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:48","indexId":"ofr20091295","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1295","title":"Guidelines for Standardized Testing of Broadband Seismometers and Accelerometers","docAbstract":"Testing and specification of seismic and earthquake-engineering sensors and recorders has been marked by significant variations in procedures and selected parameters. These variations cause difficulty in comparing such specifications and test results.\r\nIn July 1989, and again in May 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey hosted international pub-lic/private workshops with the goal of defining widely accepted guidelines for the testing of seismological inertial sensors, seismometers, and accelerometers. The Proceedings of the 2005 workshop have been published and include as appendix 6 the report of the 1989 workshop.\r\nThis document represents a collation and rationalization of a single set of formal guidelines for testing and specifying broadband seismometers and accelerometers.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091295","usgsCitation":"Hutt, C.R., Evans, J.R., Followill, F., Nigbor, R.L., and Wielandt, E., 2010, Guidelines for Standardized Testing of Broadband Seismometers and Accelerometers: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1295, iv, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091295.","productDescription":"iv, 62 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":415,"text":"National Earthquake Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1295.jpg"},{"id":13332,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1295/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e96d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutt, Charles R. 0000-0001-9033-9195 bhutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":1622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"Charles","email":"bhutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, John R. jrevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"John","email":"jrevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Followill, Fred","contributorId":69678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Followill","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nigbor, Robert L.","contributorId":45782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nigbor","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wielandt, Erhard","contributorId":84032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wielandt","given":"Erhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98093,"text":"ofr20091264 - 2010 - Hydraulic Property and Soil Textural Classification Measurements for Rainier Mesa, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:52","indexId":"ofr20091264","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1264","title":"Hydraulic Property and Soil Textural Classification Measurements for Rainier Mesa, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","docAbstract":"This report presents particle size analysis, field-saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements, and qualitative descriptions of surficial materials at selected locations at Rainier Mesa, Nevada. Measurements and sample collection were conducted in the Rainier Mesa area, including unconsolidated sediments on top of the mesa, an ephemeral wash channel near the mesa edge, and dry U12n tunnel pond sediments below the mesa. Particle size analysis used a combination of sieving and optical diffraction techniques. Field-saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements employed a single-ring infiltrometer with analytical formulas that correct for falling head and spreading outside the ring domain. These measurements may prove useful to current and future efforts at Rainier Mesa aimed at understanding infiltration and its effect on water fluxes and radionuclide transport in the unsaturated zone.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091264","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Nevada Site Office under Interagency Agreement DE-AI52-07NV28100","usgsCitation":"Ebel, B.A., and Nimmo, J.R., 2010, Hydraulic Property and Soil Textural Classification Measurements for Rainier Mesa, Nevada Test Site, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1264, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091264.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":672,"text":"Western Region Science Coordinator for Water","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1264.jpg"},{"id":13329,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1264/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.75,36.5 ], [ -116.75,37.5 ], [ -115.75,37.5 ], [ -115.75,36.5 ], [ -116.75,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687d41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963 bebel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":2557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian","email":"bebel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97809,"text":"ofr20091041 - 2010 - Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-23T19:12:15.849431","indexId":"ofr20091041","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1041","title":"Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2002","docAbstract":"Streamflow and water-quality data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) or the Providence Water Supply Board, Rhode Island's largest drinking-water supplier. Streamflow was measured or estimated by the USGS following standard methods at 23 streamflow-gaging stations; 10 of these stations were also equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring specific conductance. Streamflow and concentrations of sodium and chloride estimated from records of specific conductance were used to calculate instantaneous (15-minute) loads of sodium and chloride during water year (WY) 2002 (October 1, 2001 to September 30, 2002). Water-quality samples were also collected at 35 of 37 sampling stations in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area by the Providence Water Supply Board during WY 2002 as part of a long-term sampling program. Water-quality data are summarized by using values of central tendency and are used, in combination with measured (or estimated) streamflows, to calculate loads and yields (loads per unit area) of selected water-quality constituents for WY 2002.\r\n\r\nThe largest tributary to the reservoir (the Ponaganset River, which was monitored by the USGS) contributed about 12.6 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) to the reservoir during WY 2002. For the same time period, annual mean streamflows measured (or estimated) for the other monitoring stations in this study ranged from about 0.14 to 8.1 ft3/s. Together, tributary streams (equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring specific conductance) transported about 534,000 kilograms (kg) of sodium and 851,000 kg of chloride to the Scituate Reservoir during WY 2002; sodium and chloride yields for the tributaries ranged from 2,900 to 40,200 kilograms per square mile (kg/mi2) and from 4,200 to 68,200 kg/mi2, respectively.\r\n\r\nAt the stations where water-quality samples were collected by the Providence Water Supply Board, the median of the median chloride concentrations was 16.8 milligrams per liter (mg/L), median nitrate concentration was 0.02 mg/L as N, median nitrite concentration was 0.002 mg/L as N, median orthophosphate concentration was 0.03 mg/L as P, and median concentrations of total coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria were 22 and 14 colony forming units per 100 milliliters (CFU/100 mL), respectively. The medians of the median daily loads (and yields) of chloride, nitrate, nitrite, orthophosphate and total coliform and E. coli bacteria were 21 kg/d (12 kg/d/mi2), 0.04 kg/d (0.014 kg/d/mi2), 0.005 kg/d (0.002 kg/d/mi2), 0.08 kg/d (0.035 kg/d/mi2), and 370 million colony forming units per day (CFUx106/d) (120 CFUx106/d/ mi2) and 300 CFUx106/d (75 CFUx106/d/mi2), respectively.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091041","isbn":"9781411325173","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Providence Water Supply Board and the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management","usgsCitation":"Breault, R., 2010, Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1041, v, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091041.","productDescription":"v, 26 p.","temporalStart":"2001-10-01","temporalEnd":"2002-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":544,"text":"Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1041.jpg"},{"id":12980,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1041/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388260,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87194.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Scituate Reservoir drainage area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.83333333333333,41.7 ], [ -71.83333333333333,41.916666666666664 ], [ -71.53333333333333,41.916666666666664 ], [ -71.53333333333333,41.7 ], [ -71.83333333333333,41.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breault, Robert F. 0000-0002-2517-407X rbreault@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-407X","contributorId":2219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breault","given":"Robert F.","email":"rbreault@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97671,"text":"ofr20091119 - 2009 - Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":32943,"text":"ofr02225 - 2002 - Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California: 1979-2001","indexId":"ofr02225","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California: 1979-2001"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":97671,"text":"ofr20091119 - 2009 - Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California","indexId":"ofr20091119","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":80623,"text":"ofr20071367 - 2007 - Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California: 1979-2007","indexId":"ofr20071367","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California: 1979-2007"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":97671,"text":"ofr20091119 - 2009 - Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California","indexId":"ofr20091119","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-11T19:50:31.736703","indexId":"ofr20091119","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-26T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1119","displayTitle":"Data from Theodolite Measurements of Creep Rates on San Francisco Bay Region Faults, California","title":"Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California","docAbstract":"Our purpose is to annually update our creep-data archive on San Francisco Bay region active faults for use by the scientific research community. Earlier data (1979-2001) were reported in Galehouse (2002) and were analyzed and described in detail in a summary report (Galehouse and Lienkaemper, 2003). A complete analysis of our earlier results obtained on the Hayward Fault was presented in Lienkaemper, Galehouse and Simpson (2001) and updated in Lienkaemper and others (2012). Lienkaemper and others (2014) provide a new overview and analysis of fault creep along all sections of the northern San Andreas Fault system, from which they estimate by how much fault creep reduces the seismic hazard for each fault section.
From 1979 until his retirement from the project in 2001, Jon Galehouse of San Francisco State University (SFSU) and many student research assistants measured creep (aseismic slip) rates on these faults. The creep measurement project, which was initiated by Galehouse, continued through the Geosciences Department at SFSU from 2001-2006 under the direction of Karen Grove and John Caskey (Grove and Caskey, 2005) and since 2006 under Caskey (2007). Forrest McFarland has managed most of the technical and logistical project operations, as well as data processing and compilation since 2001. Data from 2001-2007 are found in McFarland and others (2007). From 2009 onward, we have released the raw data annually using this report (OF2009-1119) as a permanent publication link, while publishing more detailed analyses of these data in the scientific literature, such as Lienkaemper and others (2014).
We maintain a project Web site (http://funnel.sfsu.edu/creep/) that includes the following information: project description, project personnel, creep characteristics and measurement, map of creep-measurement sites, creep-measurement site information, and links to data plots for each measurement site. Our most current, annually updated results are, therefore, accessible to the scientific community and to the general public. Information about the project can currently be requested by the public by an email link (fltcreep@sfsu.edu) found on our project Web site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091119","usgsCitation":"McFarland, F., Lienkaemper, J.J., and Caskey, S.J., 2009, Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California (Version 1.0: July 8, 2009; Version 1.1: April 19, 2010; Version 1.2: May 5, 2011; Version 1.3: April 19, 2012; Version 1.4: March 20, 2013; Version 1.5: February 3, 2014; Version 1.6: March 16, 2015; Version 1.8: March 29, 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1119, Report: 21 p.; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091119.","productDescription":"Report: 21 p.; Data Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1979-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369532,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1119/data","text":"Data folder"},{"id":269859,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1119/ofr20091119.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.44 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2009-1119"},{"id":394202,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86844.htm"},{"id":369531,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1119/versionhistory.txt","size":"1.86 KB"},{"id":118504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1119/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.8,\n 36.8\n ],\n [\n -121.0722,\n 36.8\n ],\n [\n -121.0722,\n 39.8\n ],\n [\n -123.8,\n 39.8\n ],\n [\n -123.8,\n 36.8\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: July 8, 2009; Version 1.1: April 19, 2010; Version 1.2: May 5, 2011; Version 1.3: April 19, 2012; Version 1.4: March 20, 2013; Version 1.5: February 3, 2014; Version 1.6: March 16, 2015; Version 1.8: March 29, 2016","contact":"Earthquake Science Center in Menlo Park, California
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Habitat modeling is an important tool used to simulate the potential distribution of a species for a variety of basic and applied questions. The desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) is a federally listed threatened species in the Mojave Desert and parts of the Sonoran Desert of California, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona. Land managers in this region require reliable information about the potential distribution of desert tortoise habitat to plan conservation efforts, guide monitoring activities, monitor changes in the amount and quality of habitat available, minimize and mitigate disturbances, and ultimately to assess the status of the tortoise and its habitat toward recovery of the species. By applying information from the literature and our knowledge or assumptions of environmental variables that could potentially explain variability in the quality of desert tortoise habitat, we developed a quantitative habitat model for the desert tortoise using an extensive set of field-collected presence data. Sixteen environmental data layers were converted into a grid covering the study area and merged with the desert tortoise presence data that we gathered for input into the Maxent habitat-modeling algorithm. This model provides output of the statistical probability of habitat potential that can be used to map potential areas of desert tortoise habitat. This type of analysis, while robust in its predictions of habitat, does not account for anthropogenic changes that may have altered habitat with relatively high potential into areas with lower potential.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091102","collaboration":"Prepared as a part of the Department of the Interior on the Landscape - Mojave Project for the Western Region, of the U.S. Geological Survey ","usgsCitation":"Nussear, K.E., Esque, T.C., Inman, R.D., Gass, Leila, Thomas, K.A., Wallace, C.S.A., Blainey, J.B., Miller, D.M., and Webb, R.H., 2009, Modeling habitat of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the Mojave and parts of the Sonoran Deserts of California, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1102, 18 p.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 18 p.; 2 Companion Files","numberOfPages":"18","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367969,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1102/ofr20091102_dt_Habitat_Model.zip","size":"162 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":" - Habitat Model"},{"id":195896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1102/coverthb.gif"},{"id":367970,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1102/ofr20091102_Environmental_Layers.zip","size":"27.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":" - Environmental Layers"},{"id":367968,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1102/ofr20091102.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.52 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2009-1102"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert, Sonoran Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.30029296875,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -109.2919921875,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -109.2919921875,\n 39.2492708462234\n ],\n [\n -120.30029296875,\n 39.2492708462234\n ],\n [\n -120.30029296875,\n 32.76880048488168\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Modoc Hall, Room 3006
Sacramento, CA 95819