Thermokarst (thaw) lakes emit methane (CH4) to the atmosphere formed from thawed permafrost organic matter (OM), but the relative magnitude of CH4 production in surface lake sediments vs. deeper thawed permafrost horizons is not well understood. We assessed anaerobic CH4 production potentials from various depths along a 590 cm long lake sediment core that captured the entire sediment package of the talik (thaw bulb) beneath the center of an interior Alaska thermokarst lake, Vault Lake, and the top 40 cm of thawing permafrost beneath the talik. We also studied the adjacent Vault Creek permafrost tunnel that extends through ice-rich yedoma permafrost soils surrounding the lake and into underlying gravel. Our results showed CH4 production potentials were highest in the organic-rich surface lake sediments, which were 151 cm thick (mean ± SD: 5.95 ± 1.67 μg C–CH4 g dw−1 d−1; 125.9 ± 36.2 μg C–CH4 g C−1org d−1). High CH4 production potentials were also observed in recently thawed permafrost (1.18 ± 0.61 μg C–CH4g dw−1 d−1; 59.60± 51.5 μg C–CH4 g C−1org d−1) at the bottom of the talik, but the narrow thicknesses (43 cm) of this horizon limited its overall contribution to total sediment column CH4 production in the core. Lower rates of CH4 production were observed in sediment horizons representing permafrost that has been thawing in the talik for a longer period of time. No CH4 production was observed in samples obtained from the permafrost tunnel, a non-lake environment. Our findings imply that CH4production is highly variable in thermokarst lake systems and that both modern OM supplied to surface sediments and ancient OM supplied to both surface and deep lake sediments by in situ thaw and shore erosion of yedoma permafrost are important to lake CH4 production.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-12-4317-2015","usgsCitation":"Heslop, J., Walter Anthony, K., Sepulveda-Jauregui, A., Martinez-Cruz, K., Bondurant, A., Grosse, G., and Jones, M.C., 2015, Thermokarst lake methanogenesis along a complete talik profile: Biogeosciences, v. 12, p. 4317-4331, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4317-2015.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"4317","endPage":"4331","ipdsId":"IP-064594","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4317-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342339,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593bb3a9e4b0764e6c60e7eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heslop, J.K.","contributorId":192801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heslop","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walter Anthony, K.M.","contributorId":169384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walter Anthony","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepulveda-Jauregui, A.","contributorId":192802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepulveda-Jauregui","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martinez-Cruz, K.","contributorId":192803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez-Cruz","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bondurant, A.","contributorId":192804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bondurant","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grosse, G.","contributorId":192805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grosse","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, Miriam C. 0000-0002-6650-7619 miriamjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":4056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","email":"miriamjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70189247,"text":"70189247 - 2015 - Levelling and merging of two discrete national-scale geochemical databases: A case study showing the surficial expression of metalliferous black shales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T15:15:09","indexId":"70189247","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Levelling and merging of two discrete national-scale geochemical databases: A case study showing the surficial expression of metalliferous black shales","docAbstract":"Government-sponsored, national-scale, soil and sediment geochemical databases are used to estimate regional and local background concentrations for environmental issues, identify possible anthropogenic contamination, estimate mineral endowment, explore for new mineral deposits, evaluate nutrient levels for agriculture, and establish concentration relationships with human or animal health. Because of these different uses, it is difficult for any single database to accommodate all the needs of each client. Smith et al. (2013, p. 168) reviewed six national-scale soil and sediment geochemical databases for the United States (U.S.) and, for each, evaluated “its appropriateness as a national-scale geochemical database and its usefulness for national-scale geochemical mapping.” Each of the evaluated databases has strengths and weaknesses that were listed in that review.
Two of these U.S. national-scale geochemical databases are similar in their sample media and collection protocols but have different strengths—primarily sampling density and analytical consistency. This project was implemented to determine whether those databases could be merged to produce a combined dataset that could be used for mineral resource assessments. The utility of the merged database was tested to see whether mapped distributions could identify metalliferous black shales at a national scale.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"27th International Applied Geochemistry Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"27th International Applied Geochemistry Symposium","conferenceLocation":"Tucson, AZ","language":"English","publisher":"The Association of Applied Geochemists","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.M., Neilson, R.T., and Giles, S.A., 2015, Levelling and merging of two discrete national-scale geochemical databases: A case study showing the surficial expression of metalliferous black shales, in 27th International Applied Geochemistry Symposium, Tucson, AZ, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-062624","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343441,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c40e4b0d1f9f057e356","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Steven M. 0000-0003-3591-5377 smsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-5377","contributorId":1460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Steven","email":"smsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neilson, Ryan T.","contributorId":194323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neilson","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156593,"text":"ofr20131280D - 2015 - Database creation, data quality assessment, and geochemical maps (phase V, deliverable 59)—Final report on compilation and validation of geochemical data","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70156593,"text":"ofr20131280D - 2015 - Database creation, data quality assessment, and geochemical maps (phase V, deliverable 59)—Final report on compilation and validation of geochemical data","indexId":"ofr20131280D","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Database creation, data quality assessment, and geochemical maps (phase V, deliverable 59)—Final report on compilation and validation of geochemical data"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-08T17:45:35.163813","indexId":"ofr20131280D","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1280","chapter":"D","title":"Database creation, data quality assessment, and geochemical maps (phase V, deliverable 59)—Final report on compilation and validation of geochemical data","docAbstract":"Under the World Bank-funded Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la Republique Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II), this Phase V geochemistry report follows earlier Phase I and Phase II summary reports on geochemical data (U.S. Geological Survey, 2007 and Eppinger, 2007; respectively). All the reports are based on evaluations of geochemical data collected in 1999-2004 under an earlier World Bank program (PRISM-I) by the British Geological Survey (BGS) and the Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) for the Government of Mauritania. There are no associated Phase III or IV reports.
\nThe geochemical sample media collected by the BGS and BRGM under the PRISM-I contract included rock, sediment, regolith, and soil samples. Details on sample collection procedures are in unpublished reports available from PRISM. These samples were analyzed under PRISM-I contract by ALS Chemex Laboratories using various combinations of modern methods including fire-assay inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICPAES) and ICP-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for Au; multi-acid digestion, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) for Ag and As; 47-element, four-acid digestion, ICP-MS; 27-element, fouracid digestion, ICP-AES; special four-acid ICP-MS techniques for Pt and B; fire assay followed by ICP-AES for platinum-group elements; whole-rock analyses by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF); special techniques for loss-on-ignition, inorganic C, and total S; and special ore-grade AAS techniques for Ag, Au, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Around 30,000 samples were analyzed by at least one technique. However, it is stressed here that: (1) there was no common sample medium collected at all sites, likely due to the vast geological and geomorphologic differences across the country, (2) the sample site distribution is very irregular, likely due in part to access constraints and sand dune cover, and (3) there was no common across-the-board trace element analytical package used for all samples. These three aspects fundamentally affect the ability to produce country-wide geochemical maps of Mauritania. Gold (Au), silver (Ag), and arsenic (As) were the three elements that were most commonly analyzed.
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2015 - Golden Eagle predation of an adult turkey vulture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T16:21:10","indexId":"70193155","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1137,"text":"Bulletin of the Texas Ornithological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Golden Eagle predation of an adult turkey vulture","docAbstract":"The Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is a large, apex predator that occurs at low densities, has a long life span, experiences delayed maturity, has low reproductive rates, and has no natural predators (Watson 1997, Kochert et al. 2002). Golden Eagles are sensitive to anthropogenic driven landscape changes in land cover and land use (Hunt 2002, Kochert and Steenhof 2002). Landscape level alterations, such as encroachment of woody vegetation in eagle foraging areas, may result in decreased abundance of suitable prey or interfere with the eagle’s ability to see or capture prey. Currently, there is substantial concern for Golden Eagle conservation due to widespread anthropogenic changes to landscapes across much of the species distribution (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2013). In particular, the rapid expansion of wind energy development has led to heightened concerns for Golden Eagle conservation, as the species is susceptible to mortality through collision with turbines (Hunt 2002, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2013). This has resulted in a recent increase in research to develop a better understanding of the species’ ecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Boal, C.W., 2015, Golden Eagle predation of an adult turkey vulture: Bulletin of the Texas Ornithological Society, v. 48, no. 1-2, p. 53-55.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"55","ipdsId":"IP-072553","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349164,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349163,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.texasbirds.org/publications.php"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1-2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fec8e4b06e28e9c25359","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70111380,"text":"70111380 - 2015 - Global view of remote sensing of rangelands: Evolution, applications, future pathways","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-17T16:26:53.891272","indexId":"70111380","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"10","title":"Global view of remote sensing of rangelands: Evolution, applications, future pathways","docAbstract":"The term “rangeland” is rather nebulous, and there is no single definition of rangeland that is universally accepted by land managers, scientists, or international bodies (Lund, 2007; Reeves and Mitchell, 2011). Dozens and possibly hundreds (Lund, 2007) of definitions and ideologies exist because various stakeholders often have unique objectives requiring different information. For the purpose of describing the role of remote sensing in a global context, it is, however, necessary to provide definitions to orient the reader. The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations convened a conference in 2002 and again in 2013 to begin addressing the issue of harmonizing definitions of forest- related activities. Based on this concept, here rangelands are considered lands usually dominated by nonforest vegetation. The Society for Range Management defines rangelands as (SRM, 1998)
Land on which the indigenous vegetation (climax or natural potential) is predominantly grasses, grass-like plants, forbs, or shrubs and is managed as a natural ecosystem. If plants are introduced, they are managed similarly. Rangelands include natural grasslands, savannas, shrublands, many deserts, tundra, alpine communities, marshes, and wet meadows.
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Accurate and precise measurements of bottom stress have proved elusive, in part because of the difficulty in separating the turbulent eddies that transport momentum from inviscid wave-induced motions. Direct covariance measurements from a pair of acoustic Doppler velocimeters has proved capable of providing robust estimates, so we designed a mobile platform coined the NIMBBLE for these measurements, and deployed two of them and two more conventional quadpods at seven sites on the inner shelf over a period of seven months. The resulting covariance estimates of stress and bottom roughness were lower than log-fit estimates, especially during calmer periods. Analyses of these data suggest the NIMBBLEs may provide an accurate and practical method for measuring bottom stress.
No abstract available.
","largerWorkTitle":"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015","language":"English","publisher":"International Union for Conservation of Nature","doi":"10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T22823A14871490.en","usgsCitation":"Wiig, O., Amstrup, S.C., Atwood, T.C., Kaidre, K.L., Lunn, N.J., Obbard, M.E., Regehr, E.V., and Thiemann, G.W., 2015, Ursus maritimus, chap. of The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T22823A14871490.en.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-070477","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2305/iucn.uk.2015-4.rlts.t22823a14871490.en","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349595,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fec8e4b06e28e9c2535f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiig, Oystein","contributorId":192053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiig","given":"Oystein","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaidre, Kristin L","contributorId":198990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaidre","given":"Kristin","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lunn, Nicholas J","contributorId":198991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lunn","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Obbard, Martyn E.","contributorId":108002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Obbard","given":"Martyn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6780,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Regehr, Eric V. 0000-0003-4487-3105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3105","contributorId":66364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regehr","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. 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Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thiemann, Gregory W.","contributorId":83023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thiemann","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27291,"text":"York University, Toronto, ON","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70187041,"text":"70187041 - 2015 - Fluid-faulting interactions: Fracture-mesh and fault-valve behavior in the February 2014 Mammoth Mountain, California, earthquake swarm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T15:54:33","indexId":"70187041","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid-faulting interactions: Fracture-mesh and fault-valve behavior in the February 2014 Mammoth Mountain, California, earthquake swarm","docAbstract":"Faulting and fluid transport in the subsurface are highly coupled processes, which may manifest seismically as earthquake swarms. A swarm in February 2014 beneath densely monitored Mammoth Mountain, California, provides an opportunity to witness these interactions in high resolution. Toward this goal, we employ massive waveform-correlation-based event detection and relative relocation, which quadruples the swarm catalog to more than 6000 earthquakes and produces high-precision locations even for very small events. The swarm's main seismic zone forms a distributed fracture mesh, with individual faults activated in short earthquake bursts. The largest event of the sequence, M 3.1, apparently acted as a fault valve and was followed by a distinct wave of earthquakes propagating ~1 km westward from the updip edge of rupture, 1–2 h later. Late in the swarm, multiple small, shallower subsidiary faults activated with pronounced hypocenter migration, suggesting that a broader fluid pressure pulse propagated through the subsurface.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015GL064325","usgsCitation":"Shelly, D.R., Taira, T., Prejean, S., Hill, D.P., and Dreger, D.S., 2015, Fluid-faulting interactions: Fracture-mesh and fault-valve behavior in the February 2014 Mammoth Mountain, California, earthquake swarm: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 14, p. 5803-5812, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064325.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"5803","endPage":"5812","ipdsId":"IP-065501","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064325","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":339999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mammoth Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.09,\n 37.66\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 37.66\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 37.59\n ],\n [\n -119.09,\n 37.59\n ],\n [\n -119.09,\n 37.66\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"14","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877bae4b0b7ea54521c28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taira, Taka’aki","contributorId":191168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taira","given":"Taka’aki","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie G. 0000-0003-0510-1989 sprejean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0510-1989","contributorId":172404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, David P. hill@usgs.gov","contributorId":2600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"David","email":"hill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":692107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dreger, Douglas S.","contributorId":55600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dreger","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6643,"text":"University of California - Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187040,"text":"70187040 - 2015 - San Andreas tremor cascades define deep fault zone complexity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T15:43:23","indexId":"70187040","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"San Andreas tremor cascades define deep fault zone complexity","docAbstract":"Weak seismic vibrations - tectonic tremor - can be used to delineate some plate boundary faults. Tremor on the deep San Andreas Fault, located at the boundary between the Pacific and North American plates, is thought to be a passive indicator of slow fault slip. San Andreas Fault tremor migrates at up to 30 m s-1, but the processes regulating tremor migration are unclear. Here I use a 12-year catalogue of more than 850,000 low-frequency earthquakes to systematically analyse the high-speed migration of tremor along the San Andreas Fault. I find that tremor migrates most effectively through regions of greatest tremor production and does not propagate through regions with gaps in tremor production. I interpret the rapid tremor migration as a self-regulating cascade of seismic ruptures along the fault, which implies that tremor may be an active, rather than passive participant in the slip propagation. I also identify an isolated group of tremor sources that are offset eastwards beneath the San Andreas Fault, possibly indicative of the interface between the Monterey Microplate, a hypothesized remnant of the subducted Farallon Plate, and the North American Plate. These observations illustrate a possible link between the central San Andreas Fault and tremor-producing subduction zones.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/ngeo2335","usgsCitation":"Shelly, D.R., 2015, San Andreas tremor cascades define deep fault zone complexity: Nature Geoscience, v. 8, no. 2, p. 145-252, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2335.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"252","ipdsId":"IP-057784","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339995,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.1,\n 36.6\n ],\n [\n -119.8,\n 36.6\n ],\n [\n -119.8,\n 35.3\n ],\n [\n -121.1,\n 35.3\n ],\n [\n -121.1,\n 36.6\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877bae4b0b7ea54521c2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70182228,"text":"70182228 - 2015 - Denitrification in the Mississippi River network controlled by flow through river bedforms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T14:28:52.992248","indexId":"70182228","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification in the Mississippi River network controlled by flow through river bedforms","docAbstract":"Increasing nitrogen concentrations in the world’s major rivers have led to over-fertilization of sensitive downstream waters. Flow through channel bed and bank sediments acts to remove riverine nitrogen through microbe-mediated denitrification reactions. However, little is understood about where in the channel network this biophysical process is most efficient, why certain channels are more effective nitrogen reactors, and how management practices can enhance the removal of nitrogen in regions where water circulates through sediment and mixes with groundwater - hyporheic zones. Here we present numerical simulations of hyporheic flow and denitrification throughout the Mississippi River network using a hydrogeomorphic model. We find that vertical exchange with sediments beneath the riverbed in hyporheic zones, driven by submerged bedforms, has denitrification potential that far exceeds lateral hyporheic exchange with sediments alongside river channels, driven by river bars and meandering banks. We propose that geomorphic differences along river corridors can explain why denitrification efficiency varies between basins in the Mississippi River network. Our findings suggest that promoting the development of permeable bedforms at the streambed - and thus vertical hyporheic exchange - would be more effective at enhancing river denitrification in large river basins than promoting lateral exchange through induced channel meandering.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/NGEO2567","usgsCitation":"Gomez-Velez, J., Harvey, J.W., Cardenas, M.B., and Kiel, B., 2015, Denitrification in the Mississippi River network controlled by flow through river bedforms: Nature Geoscience, v. 8, p. 941-945, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2567.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"941","endPage":"945","ipdsId":"IP-066691","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335897,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Network","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.15234375,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -104.30419921875,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -109.18212890625,\n 49.296471602658066\n ],\n [\n -113.04931640625,\n 48.79239019646406\n ],\n [\n -113.466796875,\n 45.1510532655634\n ],\n [\n -112.7197265625,\n 43.61221676817573\n ],\n [\n -105.3369140625,\n 40.094882122321145\n ],\n [\n -102.12890625,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -94.658203125,\n 37.96152331396614\n ],\n [\n -87.890625,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -85.517578125,\n 35.38904996691167\n ],\n [\n -82.177734375,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -81.5625,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -81.9140625,\n 36.31512514748051\n ],\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 36.87962060502676\n ],\n [\n -78.92578124999999,\n 42.87596410238256\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 40.97989806962013\n ],\n [\n -84.287109375,\n 40.97989806962013\n ],\n [\n -85.078125,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -86.1328125,\n 42.5530802889558\n ],\n [\n -87.275390625,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -87.802734375,\n 42.293564192170095\n ],\n [\n -87.890625,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -91.845703125,\n 46.558860303117164\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 47.81315451752768\n ],\n [\n -95.09765625,\n 47.21956811231547\n ],\n [\n -95.537109375,\n 46.800059446787316\n ],\n [\n -96.15234375,\n 46.042735653846506\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5fc3e4b01ccd54f8b527","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomez-Velez, Jesus D. jgomezvelez@usgs.gov","contributorId":5362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomez-Velez","given":"Jesus D.","email":"jgomezvelez@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":670075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cardenas, M. Bayani","contributorId":181932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cardenas","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bayani","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kiel, Brian","contributorId":181933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiel","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182234,"text":"70182234 - 2015 - River corridor science: Hydrologic exchange and ecological consequences from bedforms to basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T15:21:24","indexId":"70182234","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River corridor science: Hydrologic exchange and ecological consequences from bedforms to basins","docAbstract":"Previously regarded as the passive drains of watersheds, over the past 50 years, rivers have progressively been recognized as being actively connected with off-channel environments. These connections prolong physical storage and enhance reactive processing to alter water chemistry and downstream transport of materials and energy. Here we propose river corridor science as a concept that integrates downstream transport with lateral and vertical exchange across interfaces. Thus, the river corridor, rather than the wetted river channel itself, is an increasingly common unit of study. Main channel exchange with recirculating marginal waters, hyporheic exchange, bank storage, and overbank flow onto floodplains are all included under a broad continuum of interactions known as “hydrologic exchange flows.” Hydrologists, geomorphologists, geochemists, and aquatic and terrestrial ecologists are cooperating in studies that reveal the dynamic interactions among hydrologic exchange flows and consequences for water quality improvement, modulation of river metabolism, habitat provision for vegetation, fish, and wildlife, and other valued ecosystem services. The need for better integration of science and management is keenly felt, from testing effectiveness of stream restoration and riparian buffers all the way to reevaluating the definition of the waters of the United States to clarify the regulatory authority under the Clean Water Act. A major challenge for scientists is linking the small-scale physical drivers with their larger-scale fluvial and geomorphic context and ecological consequences. Although the fine scales of field and laboratory studies are best suited to identifying the fundamental physical and biological processes, that understanding must be successfully linked to cumulative effects at watershed to regional and continental scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017617","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., and Gooseff, M., 2015, River corridor science: Hydrologic exchange and ecological consequences from bedforms to basins: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 9, p. 6893-6922, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017617.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"6893","endPage":"6922","ipdsId":"IP-066971","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335903,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5fc2e4b01ccd54f8b523","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Judson 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":140228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":670103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gooseff, Michael","contributorId":181942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gooseff","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187777,"text":"70187777 - 2015 - Early Permian conodont fauna and stratigraphy of the Garden Valley Formation, Eureka County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T14:27:37","indexId":"70187777","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early Permian conodont fauna and stratigraphy of the Garden Valley Formation, Eureka County, Nevada","docAbstract":"The lower part of the Garden Valley Formation yields two distinct conodont faunas. One of late Asselian age dominated by Mesogondolella and Streptognathodus and one of Artinskian age dominated by Sweetognathus with Mesogondolella. The Asselian fauna contains the same species as those found in the type area of the Asselian in the southern Urals including Mesogondolella dentiseparata, described for the first time outside of the Urals. Apparatuses for Sweetognathus whitei, Diplognathodus stevensi, and Idioprioniodus sp. are described. The Garden Valley Formation represents a marine pro-delta basin and platform, and marine and shore fan delta complex deposition. The fan-delta complex was most likely deposited from late Artinskian to late Wordian. The Garden Valley Formation records tremendous swings in depositional setting from shallow-water to basin to shore.","language":"English","publisher":"Micropaleontology Press","usgsCitation":"Wardlaw, B.R., Gallegos, D.M., Chernykh, V.V., and Snyder, W.S., 2015, Early Permian conodont fauna and stratigraphy of the Garden Valley Formation, Eureka County, Nevada: Micropaleontology, v. 61, p. 369-387.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"387","ipdsId":"IP-071645","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341457,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.micropress.org/microaccess/micropaleontology/issue-320/article-1955"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Eureka County","otherGeospatial":"Garden Valley 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V.","contributorId":150733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chernykh","given":"Valery","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":18081,"text":"Rusian Academy of Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snyder, Walter S.","contributorId":150735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snyder","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":18083,"text":"Boise State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188826,"text":"70188826 - 2015 - Isotopic geochemistry of Panama rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T13:01:29","indexId":"70188826","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3828,"text":"Procedia Earth and Planetary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic geochemistry of Panama rivers","docAbstract":"River water samples collected from 78 watersheds rivers along a 500-km transect across a Late Cretaceous-Tertiary andesitic volcanic arc terrane in west-central Panama provide a synoptic overview of riverine geochemistry, chemical denudation, and CO2 consumption in the tropics. D/H and 18O/16O relationships indicate that bedrock dissolution of andesitic arc crust in Panama is driven by water-rock interaction with meteoric precipitation as it passes through the critical zone, with no evidence of a geothermal or hydrothermal input. Sr-isotope relationships suggest a geochemical evolution for Panama riverine waters that involves mixing of bedrock pore water with water having 87Sr/86Sr ratios between 0.7037-0.7043 and relatively high Sr-contents with waters of low Sr content that enriched in radiogenic Sr that are diluted by infiltrating rainfall to variable extents.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.026","usgsCitation":"Harmon, R.S., Worner, G., Pribil, M., Kern, Z., Forizs, I., Lyons, W.B., Gardner, C.B., and Goldsmith, S.T., 2015, Isotopic geochemistry of Panama rivers: Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, v. 13, p. 108-111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.026.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"111","ipdsId":"IP-068818","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.026","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Panama","volume":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536eace4b062508e3c7a95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harmon, Russell S.","contributorId":193452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harmon","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Worner, Gerhard","contributorId":193453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Worner","given":"Gerhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pribil, Michael J. 0000-0003-4859-8673 mpribil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4859-8673","contributorId":141158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pribil","given":"Michael","email":"mpribil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kern, Zoltan","contributorId":193454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kern","given":"Zoltan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Forizs, Istvan","contributorId":193455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forizs","given":"Istvan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lyons, W. Berry","contributorId":193456,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyons","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Berry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gardner, Christopher B.","contributorId":193457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Goldsmith, Steven T.","contributorId":193458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldsmith","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70048179,"text":"70048179 - 2015 - Lake formation, characteristics and evolution in retroarc deposystems: A synthesis of data from the modern Andean orogen and its associated basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-17T09:41:09","indexId":"70048179","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Lake formation, characteristics and evolution in retroarc deposystems: A synthesis of data from the modern Andean orogen and its associated basins","docAbstract":"Lake deposystems are commonly associated with retroarc mountain belts in the geological record. These deposystems are poorly characterized in modern retroarcs, placing limits on our ability to interpret environmental signals from ancient deposits. To address this problem, we have synthesized our existing knowledge about the distribution, morphometrics, and sedimentary geochemical characteristics of tectonically formed lakes in the central Andean retroarc. Large, active mountain belts such as the Andes frequently create an excess of sediment, to the point that modeling and observational data both suggest their adjacent retroarc basins will be rapidly overfilled by sediments. Lake formation, requiring topographic closure, demands special conditions such as topographic isolation and arid climatic conditions to reduce sediment generation, and bedrock lithologies that yield little siliciclastic sediment.
Lacustrine deposition in the modern Andean retroarc has different characteristics in the six major morphotectonic zones discussed. (1) High-elevation hinterland basins of the arid Puna-Altiplano Plateau frequently contain underfilled and balanced-filled lakes that are potentially long-lived and display relatively rapid sedimentation rates. (2) Lakes are rare in piggyback basins, although a transition zone exists where basins that originally formed as piggybacks are transferred to the hinterland through forward propagation of the thrust belt. Here, lakes are moderately abundant and long-lived and display somewhat lower sedimentation rates than in the hinterland. (3) Wedge-top and (4) foredeep deposystems of the Andean retroarc are generally overfilled, and lakes are small and ephemeral. (5) Semihumid Andean back-bulge basins contain abundant small lakes, which are moderately long-lived because of underfilling by sediment and low sedimentation rates. (6) Broken foreland lakes are common, typically underfilled, large, and long-lived playa or shallow systems.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geodynamic of a cordilleran orogenic system: The central Andes of Argentina and northern Chile ","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2015.1212(16)","usgsCitation":"Cohen, A.S., McGlue, M., Ellis, G.S., Zani, H., Swarzenski, P.W., Assine, M.L., and Silva, A., 2015, Lake formation, characteristics and evolution in retroarc deposystems: A synthesis of data from the modern Andean orogen and its associated basins, chap. of Geodynamic of a cordilleran orogenic system: The central Andes of Argentina and northern Chile , v. 212, p. 309-335, https://doi.org/10.1130/2015.1212(16).","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"335","ipdsId":"IP-043891","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11449/227914","text":"External Repository"},{"id":355704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Andes Mountains","volume":"212","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fcc80e4b0f5d57878ece3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"DeCelles, Peter G.","contributorId":16318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeCelles","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740145,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ducea, Mihai N.","contributorId":86913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ducea","given":"Mihai N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740146,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carrapa, Barbara","contributorId":9958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrapa","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740147,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kapp, Paul","contributorId":79402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapp","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740148,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Cohen, Andrew S.","contributorId":138496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cohen","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":740141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGlue, Michael M.","contributorId":118649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGlue","given":"Michael M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellis, Geoffrey S. 0000-0003-4519-3320 gsellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-3320","contributorId":1058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gsellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zani, Hiran","contributorId":29119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zani","given":"Hiran","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Assine, Mario L.","contributorId":102618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assine","given":"Mario","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Silva, Aguinaldo","contributorId":15750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"Aguinaldo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70193473,"text":"70193473 - 2015 - Continuous monitoring of meteorological conditions and movement of a deep-seated, persistently moving rockslide along Interstate Route 79 near Pittsburgh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-11T13:38:27","indexId":"70193473","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3029,"text":"Pennsylvania Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continuous monitoring of meteorological conditions and movement of a deep-seated, persistently moving rockslide along Interstate Route 79 near Pittsburgh","docAbstract":"We estimated copper (Cu) toxicity in surface water with high dissolved organic matter (DOM) for unmined mineralized watersheds of the Duluth Complex using the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM), which evaluates the effect of DOM, cation competition for biologic binding sites, and metal speciation. A sediment-based BLM was used to estimate stream-sediment toxicity; this approach factors in the cumulative effects of multiple metals, incorporation of metals into less bioavailable sulfides, and complexation of metals with organic carbon.
For surface water, the formation of Cu-DOM complexes significantly reduces the amount of Cu available to aquatic organisms. The protective effects of cations, such as calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), competing with Cu to complex with the biotic ligand is likely not as important as DOM in water with high DOM and low hardness. Standard hardness-based water quality criteria (WQC) are probably inadequate for describing Cu toxicity in such waters and a BLM approach may yield more accurate results. Nevertheless, assumptions about relative proportions of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) in DOM significantly influence BLM results; the higher the HA fraction, the higher calculated resiliency of the water to Cu toxicity. Another important factor is seasonal variation in water chemistry, with greater resiliency to Cu toxicity during low flow compared to high flow.
Based on generally low total organic carbon and sulfur content, and equivalent metal ratios from total and weak partial extractions, much of the total metal concentration in clastic streambedsediments may be in bioavailable forms, sorbed on clays or hydroxide phases. However, organicrich fine-grained sediment in the numerous wetlands may sequester significant amount of metals, limiting their bioavailability. A high proportion of organic matter in waters and some sediments will play a key role in the resiliency of these watersheds to potential additional metal loads associated with future mining operations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage and IMWA Annual Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Mine Water Association","usgsCitation":"Piatak, N.M., Seal, R.R., Jones, P.M., and Woodruff, L.G., 2015, Copper toxicity and organic matter: Resiliency of watersheds in the Duluth Complex, Minnesota, USA, in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage and IMWA Annual Conference, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-059790","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351595,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347876,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.imwa.info/imwaconferencesandcongresses/proceedings/293-proceedings-2015.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.22610473632811,\n 47.46059403884124\n ],\n [\n -91.58752441406249,\n 47.46059403884124\n ],\n [\n -91.58752441406249,\n 47.92830585913796\n ],\n [\n -92.22610473632811,\n 47.92830585913796\n ],\n [\n -92.22610473632811,\n 47.46059403884124\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeebeee4b0da30c1bfc69c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M. 0000-0002-1973-8537 npiatak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":193010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine","email":"npiatak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":193011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":250,"text":"Eastern Water Science Field Team","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Perry M. 0000-0002-6569-5144 pmjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6569-5144","contributorId":2231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Perry","email":"pmjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048545,"text":"70048545 - 2015 - Population connectivity of deep-sea corals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-14T17:50:18.671131","indexId":"70048545","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5134,"text":"NOAA Technical Memorandum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"X","chapter":"12","title":"Population connectivity of deep-sea corals","docAbstract":"Identifying the scale of dispersal among habitats has been a challenge in marine ecology for decades (Grantham et al., 2003; Kinlan & Gaines, 2003; Hixon, 2011). Unlike terrestrial habitats in which barriers to dispersal may be obvious (e.g. mountain ranges, rivers), few absolute barriers to dispersal are recognizable in the sea. Additionally, most marine species have complex life cycles in which juveniles are more mobile than adults. As such, the dynamics of populations may involve processes in distant habitats that are coupled by a transport mechanism. Studies of population connectivity try to quantify the transport, or dispersal of individuals, among geographically separated populations. For benthic marine species, such as corals and demersal fishes, colonization of new populations occurs primarily by dispersal of larvae (Figure 1; Shank, 2010). Successful dispersal and recruitment, followed by maturation and reproduction of these new migrants ensures individuals contribute to the gene pool (Hedgecock, 2007). Thus, successful dispersal links and cohesively maintains spatially separated sub-populations. At shorter time scales (10-100s years), connectivity regulates community structure by influencing the genetic composition, diversity and demographic stability of the population, whereas at longer time scales (1000s years), geographic distributions are affected (McClain and Hardy, 2010). Alternatively, populations may become extinct or speciation may occur if connectivity ceases (Cowen et al., 2007). Therefore, the genetic exchange of individuals between populations is fundamental to the short-term resilience and long-term maintenance of the species. However, for the vast majority of marine species, population connectivity remains poorly understood.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The state of deep-sea coral and sponge ecosystems of the United States: 2015","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"NOAA","publisherLocation":"Silver Spring, MD","usgsCitation":"Morrison, C., Baco, A., Nizinski, M.S., Coykendall, D.K., Demopoulos, A., Cho, W., and Shank, T., 2015, Population connectivity of deep-sea corals: NOAA Technical Memorandum X, 30 p.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"12-1","endPage":"12-30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051873","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325086,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325085,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://deepseacoraldata.noaa.gov/library/2015-state-of-dsc-report-folder/Ch12_Morrison_Connectivity.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579dd01ce4b0589fa1cbdc37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, Cheryl L. cmorrison@usgs.gov","contributorId":3355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Cheryl L.","email":"cmorrison@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baco, Amy","contributorId":120023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baco","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nizinski, Martha S.","contributorId":87680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nizinski","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coykendall, D. Katharine 0000-0002-1148-2397 dcoykendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1148-2397","contributorId":5472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coykendall","given":"D.","email":"dcoykendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Katharine","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Demopoulos, Amanda W.J. 0000-0003-2096-4694 ademopoulos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-4694","contributorId":371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demopoulos","given":"Amanda W.J.","email":"ademopoulos@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cho, Walter","contributorId":107171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cho","given":"Walter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shank, Tim","contributorId":115282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shank","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70156817,"text":"70156817 - 2015 - Pollen and spores of terrestrial plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:18:03","indexId":"70156817","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"14","title":"Pollen and spores of terrestrial plants","docAbstract":"Pollen and spores are valuable tools in reconstructing past sea level and climate because of their ubiquity, abundance, and durability as well as their reciprocity with source vegetation to environmental change (Cronin, 1999; Traverse, 2007; Willard and Bernhardt, 2011). Pollan is found in many sedimentary environments, from freshwater to saltwater, terrestrial to marine. It can be abundant in a minimal amount of sample material, for example half a gram, as concentrations can be as high as four million grains per gram (Traverse, 2007). The abundance of pollen in a sample lends it to robust statistical analysis for the quantitative reconstruction of environments. The outer cell wall is resistant to decay in sediments and allows palynomorphs (pollen and spores) to record changes in plant communities and sea level over millions of years. These characteristics make pollen and spores a powerful tool to use in sea-level research.
This chapter describes the biology of pollen and spores and how they are transported and preserved in sediments. We present a methodology for isolating pollen from sediments and a general language and framework to identify pollen as well as light micrographs of a selection of common pollen grains, We then discuss their utility in sea-level research.
Previous PRISM reports discuss a variety of industrial minerals. Gypsum, phosphate, salt, stone, sulfur, and ilmenite command the majority of the attention in the earlier geologic reports. (Ilmenite is evaluated in a separate U.S. Geological Survey report in the current study). Asbestos, arsenic, barite, fluorite, and kaolin are listed in indices (occurrence datasets) as potential mineral resources (Marsh and Anderson, 2015), but previous reports do not elaborate on their development potential. Beryl, described herein with the discussions of pegmatites, is also listed in indices of potential mineral resources, but has not been described in terms of its industrial mineral potential. Short discussions on the potential for cement (carbonate rocks), glass sand, peat, and sillimanite resources are included in this report.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) (Open File Report 2013-1280)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131280R","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., 2015, Reported industrial minerals occurrences and permissive areas for other occurrences in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, (phase V, deliverable 89): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1280, viii, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131280R.","productDescription":"viii, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052720","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131280R.PNG"},{"id":319100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1280/Final_Reports_English/deliverable_89-Industrial_Minerals-chapter_R.pdf","text":"Chapter R","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Mauritania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-12.17075,14.61683],[-12.83066,15.30369],[-13.43574,16.03938],[-14.09952,16.3043],[-14.57735,16.59826],[-15.13574,16.58728],[-15.62367,16.36934],[-16.12069,16.45566],[-16.4631,16.13504],[-16.54971,16.67389],[-16.27055,17.16696],[-16.14635,18.10848],[-16.25688,19.09672],[-16.37765,19.59382],[-16.27784,20.09252],[-16.53632,20.56787],[-17.06342,20.99975],[-16.84519,21.33332],[-12.9291,21.32707],[-13.11875,22.77122],[-12.87422,23.28483],[-11.93722,23.37459],[-11.96942,25.93335],[-8.68729,25.88106],[-8.6844,27.39574],[-4.92334,24.97457],[-6.45379,24.95659],[-5.97113,20.64083],[-5.48852,16.3251],[-5.31528,16.20185],[-5.53774,15.50169],[-9.55024,15.4865],[-9.70026,15.26411],[-10.08685,15.33049],[-10.65079,15.13275],[-11.3491,15.41126],[-11.66608,15.38821],[-11.83421,14.7991],[-12.17075,14.61683]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mauritania\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f11b6ce4b0f59b85ddc4f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, William H. blanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"William","email":"blanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":622192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70140618,"text":"70140618 - 2015 - Impacts of fire management on aboveground tree carbon stocks in Yosemite and Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-04T15:23:44","indexId":"70140618","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Impacts of fire management on aboveground tree carbon stocks in Yosemite and Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks","docAbstract":"Forest biomass on Sierra Nevada landscapes constitutes one of the largest carbon stocks in California, and its stability is tightly linked to the factors driving fire regimes. Research suggests that fire suppression, logging, climate change, and present management practices in Sierra Nevada forests have altered historic patterns of landscape carbon storage, and over a century of fire suppression and the resulting accumulation in surface fuels have been implicated in contributing to recent increases in high severity, stand-replacing fires. For over 30 years, fire management at Yosemite (YOSE) and Sequoia & Kings Canyon (SEKI) national parks has led the nation in restoring fire to park landscapes; however, the impacts on the stability and magnitude of carbon stocks have not been thoroughly examined.
\nThe purpose of this study is to quantify relationships between recent fire patterns and aboveground tree carbon stocks in YOSE and SEKI. Our approach focuses on evaluating fire effects on 1) amounts of aboveground tree carbon on the landscape, and 2) rates of carbon accumulation by individual trees. In 2010, we compiled a database of existing plot data for our analyses. In 2011, our field crews acquired vegetation data and collected tree growth cores from 105 plots. In 2012, we completed an interpretive component and began data analyses. In 2013, processing of tree cores began. In 2014, final processing of tree cores, data analyses, and manuscript preparation was conducted. The work for this project was facilitated through an interagency agreement between the National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey, and through a Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit (CESU) agreement with the University of Washington.
\nIn order to accurately quantify landscape-level carbon stocks, our analyses accounted for major sources of measurement errors, propagating those errors as we scaled plot-based carbon density estimates up to landscape-level totals. Using Monte Carlo simulation methods, we found that vegetation type mapping error was the largest source of uncertainty, while measurement uncertainties contributed by tree diameter measurements and tree diameter–biomass allometry equations were relatively minor.
\nFor some forest types, we found differences in aboveground tree carbon densities between burned and unburned areas. For example, mean carbon density in burned red fir forests was estimated to be ~29% lower versus unburned areas. Alternative measures of fire history, such as time since fire and number of times burned, were poorly related to carbon densities.
\nWithin YOSE, we evaluated the stability of landscape carbon pools by quantifying carbon stocks in areas of varying degrees of departure from historic fire return intervals. Of the ~25 Tg of total aboveground tree carbon in YOSE, ~10 Tg is contained within relatively stable areas (the next fire is unlikely to be high severity and stand-replacing), ~10 Tg occurs in areas deemed moderately stable, and the remaining ~5 Tg within relatively unstable areas.
\nWe compared our landscape carbon estimates in YOSE to remotely-sensed carbon estimates from the NASA–CASA project and found that the two methods roughly agree. Our analysis and comparisons suggest, however, that fire severity should be integrated into future carbon mapping efforts. We illustrate this with an example using the 2013 Rim Fire, which we estimate burned an area containing over 5 Tg of aboveground tree carbon, but likely left a large fraction of that carbon on the landscape if one accounts for fire severity.
","largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resource Report NPS/SIEN/NRR—2015/910","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Matchett, J.R., Lutz, J.A., Tarnay, L.W., Smith, D.G., Becker, K.M., and Brooks, M.L., 2015, Impacts of fire management on aboveground tree carbon stocks in Yosemite and Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks, Report: ix, 29 p.; Appendixes A-C.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 29 p.; Appendixes A-C","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053961","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312660,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297885,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.werc.usgs.gov/ProductDetails.aspx?ID=5177"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Kings Canyon National Park, Sequoia National Park ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.531494140625,\n 36.9795180188502\n ],\n [\n -118.64547729492188,\n 36.986100060204095\n ],\n [\n -118.70315551757812,\n 36.887309668681155\n ],\n [\n -118.76083374023436,\n 36.691547435472636\n ],\n [\n -118.80615234374999,\n 36.64858894203172\n ],\n [\n -118.7677001953125,\n 36.619936625629215\n ],\n [\n -118.72512817382812,\n 36.59458146560139\n ],\n [\n -118.78280639648438,\n 36.54163950596125\n ],\n [\n -118.76495361328125,\n 36.49859745028132\n ],\n [\n -118.77593994140624,\n 36.45221769643571\n ],\n [\n -118.58230590820312,\n 36.41907231092499\n ],\n [\n -118.50540161132812,\n 36.36822190085111\n ],\n [\n -118.45458984375,\n 36.4223874864237\n ],\n [\n -118.40240478515624,\n 36.445589751779174\n ],\n [\n -118.33923339843749,\n 36.488661268293136\n ],\n [\n -118.39004516601562,\n 36.72567681977065\n ],\n [\n -118.51638793945312,\n 36.96744946416931\n ],\n [\n -118.531494140625,\n 36.9795180188502\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567930cee4b0da412f4fb56f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matchett, John R. 0000-0002-2905-6468 jmatchett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2905-6468","contributorId":1669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchett","given":"John","email":"jmatchett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lutz, James A.","contributorId":139178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lutz","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12682,"text":"Utah State University, Logan, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tarnay, Leland W.","contributorId":139179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tarnay","given":"Leland","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12683,"text":"National Park Service, Yosemite National Park, El Portal, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Douglas G. dgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"dgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Becker, Kendall M.L.","contributorId":139180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Becker","given":"Kendall","email":"","middleInitial":"M.L.","affiliations":[{"id":12682,"text":"Utah State University, Logan, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70140316,"text":"70140316 - 2015 - To predict the niche, model colonization and extinction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-06T10:59:10","indexId":"70140316","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"To predict the niche, model colonization and extinction","docAbstract":"Ecologists frequently try to predict the future geographic distributions of species. Most studies assume that the current distribution of a species reflects its environmental requirements (i.e., the species' niche). However, the current distributions of many species are unlikely to be at equilibrium with the current distribution of environmental conditions, both because of ongoing invasions and because the distribution of suitable environmental conditions is always changing. This mismatch between the equilibrium assumptions inherent in many analyses and the disequilibrium conditions in the real world leads to inaccurate predictions of species' geographic distributions and suggests the need for theory and analytical tools that avoid equilibrium assumptions. Here, we develop a general theory of environmental associations during periods of transient dynamics. We show that time-invariant relationships between environmental conditions and rates of local colonization and extinction can produce substantial temporal variation in occupancy–environment relationships. We then estimate occupancy–environment relationships during three avian invasions. Changes in occupancy–environment relationships over time differ among species but are predicted by dynamic occupancy models. Since estimates of the occupancy–environment relationships themselves are frequently poor predictors of future occupancy patterns, research should increasingly focus on characterizing how rates of local colonization and extinction vary with environmental conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecology","doi":"10.1890/14-1361.1","usgsCitation":"Yackulic, C.B., Nichols, J., Reid, J., and Der, R., 2015, To predict the niche, model colonization and extinction: Ecology, v. 96, no. 1, p. 16-23, https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1361.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054448","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1361.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297778,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ac3e4b08de9379b31e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yackulic, Charles B. 0000-0001-9661-0724 cyackulic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-0724","contributorId":4662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Charles","email":"cyackulic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. jnichols@usgs.gov","contributorId":139082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reid, Janice","contributorId":89391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reid","given":"Janice","affiliations":[{"id":6644,"text":"Princeton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Der, Ricky","contributorId":139084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Der","given":"Ricky","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12647,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70140592,"text":"70140592 - 2015 - Evidence for outcrop-scale deformation band faults on Mars from Curiosity rover imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T16:45:23","indexId":"70140592","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Evidence for outcrop-scale deformation band faults on Mars from Curiosity rover imagery","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","conferenceTitle":"46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference","conferenceDate":"March 16-20, 2015","conferenceLocation":"The Woodlands, TX","language":"English","publisher":"Lunar and Planetary Institute","usgsCitation":"Caine, J.S., Anderson, R.B., Herkenhoff, K.E., and Parrett, G.M., 2015, Evidence for outcrop-scale deformation band faults on Mars from Curiosity rover imagery, 46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, The Woodlands, TX, March 16-20, 2015, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","ipdsId":"IP-062015","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297876,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.lpi.usra.edu/publications/abstracts-reports/"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeec0de4b0da30c1bfc6bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caine, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":1272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Ryan B. 0000-0003-4465-2871 rbanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4465-2871","contributorId":4215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Ryan","email":"rbanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parrett, Glynis M.","contributorId":139148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parrett","given":"Glynis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12660,"text":"University of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189246,"text":"70189246 - 2015 - Eocene and Miocene extension, meteoric fluid infiltration, and core complex formation in the Great Basin (Raft River Mountains, Utah)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T13:09:05","indexId":"70189246","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eocene and Miocene extension, meteoric fluid infiltration, and core complex formation in the Great Basin (Raft River Mountains, Utah)","docAbstract":"Metamorphic core complexes (MCCs) in the North American Cordillera reflect the effects of lithospheric extension and contribute to crustal adjustments both during and after a protracted subduction history along the Pacific plate margin. While the Miocene-to-recent history of most MCCs in the Great Basin, including the Raft River-Albion-Grouse Creek MCC, is well documented, early Cenozoic tectonic fabrics are commonly severely overprinted. We present stable isotope, geochronological (40Ar/39Ar), and microstructural data from the Raft River detachment shear zone. Hydrogen isotope ratios of syntectonic white mica (δ2Hms) from mylonitic quartzite within the shear zone are very low (−90‰ to −154‰, Vienna SMOW) and result from multiphase synkinematic interaction with surface-derived fluids. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology reveals Eocene (re)crystallization of white mica with δ2Hms ≥ −154‰ in quartzite mylonite of the western segment of the detachment system. These δ2Hms values are distinctively lower than in localities farther east (δ2Hms ≥ −125‰), where 40Ar/39Ar geochronological data indicate Miocene (18–15 Ma) extensional shearing and mylonitic fabric formation. These data indicate that very low δ2H surface-derived fluids penetrated the brittle-ductile transition as early as the mid-Eocene during a first phase of exhumation along a detachment rooted to the east. In the eastern part of the core complex, prominent top-to-the-east ductile shearing, mid-Miocene 40Ar/39Ar ages, and higher δ2H values of recrystallized white mica, indicate Miocene structural and isotopic overprinting of Eocene fabrics.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2014TC003766","usgsCitation":"Methner, K., Mulch, A., Teyssier, C., Wells, M.L., Cosca, M.A., Gottardi, R., Gebelin, A., and Chamberlain, C.P., 2015, Eocene and Miocene extension, meteoric fluid infiltration, and core complex formation in the Great Basin (Raft River Mountains, Utah): Tectonics, v. 34, no. 4, p. 680-693, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014TC003766.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"680","endPage":"693","ipdsId":"IP-062317","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014tc003766","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343413,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Raft River Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.5,\n 41.850127648557326\n ],\n [\n -113.25,\n 41.850127648557326\n ],\n [\n -113.25,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -113.5,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -113.5,\n 41.850127648557326\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c41e4b0d1f9f057e358","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Methner, Katharina","contributorId":194316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Methner","given":"Katharina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulch, Andreas","contributorId":194317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulch","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teyssier, Christian","contributorId":193450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teyssier","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wells, Michael L.","contributorId":194318,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wells","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gottardi, Raphael 0000-0002-6774-1343","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6774-1343","contributorId":194320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gottardi","given":"Raphael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7155,"text":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gebelin, Aude","contributorId":194321,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gebelin","given":"Aude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chamberlain, C. Page","contributorId":194322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chamberlain","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Page","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ]}