The flower of Kalmia latifolia L. employs a catapult mechanism that flings its pollen to considerable distances. Physicist Lyman J. Briggs investigated this phenomenon in the 1950s after retiring as longtime director of the National Bureau of Standards, attempting to explain how hydromechanical effects inside the flower’s stamen could make it possible. Briggs’s unfinished manuscript implies that liquid under negative pressure generates stress, which, superimposed on the stress generated from the flower’s growth habit, results in force adequate to propel the pollen as observed. With new data and biophysical understanding to supplement Briggs’s experimental results and research notes, we show that his postulated negative-pressure mechanism did not play the exclusive and crucial role that he credited to it, though his revisited investigation sheds light on various related processes. Important issues concerning the development and reproductive function of Kalmia flowers remain unresolved, highlighting the need for further biophysical advances.
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Briggs on the flower of mountain laurel: Physics in Perspective, v. 16, no. 3, p. 371-389, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-014-0141-9.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"389","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050966","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1232576","text":"External Repository"},{"id":324943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780cebde4b0811616822397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hermann, Paula M.","contributorId":116282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hermann","given":"Paula","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirkham, M.B.","contributorId":117187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirkham","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landa, Edward R. erlanda@usgs.gov","contributorId":2112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"Edward","email":"erlanda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":519837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70162586,"text":"70162586 - 2014 - Heterogeneous occupancy and density estimates of the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in waters of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:01:40","indexId":"70162586","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heterogeneous occupancy and density estimates of the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in waters of North America","docAbstract":"Biodiversity losses are occurring worldwide due to a combination of stressors. For example, by one estimate, 40% of amphibian species are vulnerable to extinction, and disease is one threat to amphibian populations. The emerging infectious disease chytridiomycosis, caused by the aquatic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is a contributor to amphibian declines worldwide. Bd research has focused on the dynamics of the pathogen in its amphibian hosts, with little emphasis on investigating the dynamics of free-living Bd. Therefore, we investigated patterns of Bd occupancy and density in amphibian habitats using occupancy models, powerful tools for estimating site occupancy and detection probability. Occupancy models have been used to investigate diseases where the focus was on pathogen occurrence in the host. We applied occupancy models to investigate free-living Bd in North American surface waters to determine Bd seasonality, relationships between Bd site occupancy and habitat attributes, and probability of detection from water samples as a function of the number of samples, sample volume, and water quality. We also report on the temporal patterns of Bd density from a 4-year case study of a Bd-positive wetland. We provide evidence that Bd occurs in the environment year-round. Bd exhibited temporal and spatial heterogeneity in density, but did not exhibit seasonality in occupancy. Bd was detected in all months, typically at less than 100 zoospores L−1. The highest density observed was ∼3 million zoospores L−1. We detected Bd in 47% of sites sampled, but estimated that Bd occupied 61% of sites, highlighting the importance of accounting for imperfect detection. When Bd was present, there was a 95% chance of detecting it with four samples of 600 ml of water or five samples of 60 mL. Our findings provide important baseline information to advance the study of Bd disease ecology, and advance our understanding of amphibian exposure to free-living Bd in aquatic habitats over time.
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Those variations are a source of uncertainty in the assignment of standard properties for Ar, but they provide useful information in many areas of science. Variations in the stable isotopic composition and atomic weight of Ar are caused by several different processes, including (1) isotope production from other elements by radioactive decay (radiogenic isotopes) or other nuclear transformations (e.g., nucleogenic isotopes), and (2) isotopic fractionation by physical-chemical processes such as diffusion or phase equilibria. Physical-chemical processes cause correlated mass-dependent variations in the Ar isotope-amount ratios (40Ar/36Ar, 38Ar/36Ar), whereas nuclear transformation processes cause non-mass-dependent variations. While atmospheric Ar can serve as an abundant and homogeneous isotopic reference, deviations from the atmospheric isotopic ratios in other Ar occurrences limit the precision with which a standard atomic weight can be given for Ar. Published data indicate variation of Ar atomic weights in normal terrestrial materials between about 39.7931 and 39.9624. The upper bound of this interval is given by the atomic mass of 40Ar, as some samples contain almost pure radiogenic 40Ar. The lower bound is derived from analyses of pitchblende (uranium mineral) containing large amounts of nucleogenic 36Ar and 38Ar. Within this interval, measurements of different isotope ratios (40Ar/36Ar or 38Ar/36Ar) at various levels of precision are widely used for studies in geochronology, water–rock interaction, atmospheric evolution, and other fields.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry","doi":"10.1515/pac-2013-0918","usgsCitation":"Böhlke, J., 2014, Variation in the terrestrial isotopic composition and atomic weight of argon: Pure and Applied Chemistry, v. 86, no. 9, p. 1421-1432, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2013-0918.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1421","endPage":"1432","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055456","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2013-0918","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548c1fd9e4b0ca8c43c3697e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Böhlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":1285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"John Karl","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":527075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148148,"text":"70148148 - 2014 - Evaluation of a regional monitoring program's statistical power to detect temporal trends in forest health indicators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-27T13:20:56","indexId":"70148148","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a regional monitoring program's statistical power to detect temporal trends in forest health indicators","docAbstract":"Forests are socioeconomically and ecologically important ecosystems that are exposed to a variety of natural and anthropogenic stressors. As such, monitoring forest condition and detecting temporal changes therein remain critical to sound public and private forestland management. The National Parks Service’s Vital Signs monitoring program collects information on many forest health indicators, including species richness, cover by exotics, browse pressure, and forest regeneration. We applied a mixed-model approach to partition variability in data for 30 forest health indicators collected from several national parks in the eastern United States. We then used the estimated variance components in a simulation model to evaluate trend detection capabilities for each indicator. We investigated the extent to which the following factors affected ability to detect trends: (a) sample design: using simple panel versus connected panel design, (b) effect size: increasing trend magnitude, (c) sample size: varying the number of plots sampled each year, and (d) stratified sampling: post-stratifying plots into vegetation domains. Statistical power varied among indicators; however, indicators that measured the proportion of a total yielded higher power when compared to indicators that measured absolute or average values. In addition, the total variability for an indicator appeared to influence power to detect temporal trends more than how total variance was partitioned among spatial and temporal sources. Based on these analyses and the monitoring objectives of theVital Signs program, the current sampling design is likely overly intensive for detecting a 5 % trend·year−1 for all indicators and is appropriate for detecting a 1 % trend·year−1 in most indicators.
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2014 - 230Th/U ages Supporting Hanford Site‐Wide Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-13T14:29:05","indexId":"70099981","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-31T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":295,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"title":"230Th/U ages Supporting Hanford Site‐Wide Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis","docAbstract":"This product represents a USGS Administrative Report that discusses samples and methods used to conduct uranium-series isotope analyses and resulting ages and initial 234U/238U activity ratios of pedogenic cements developed in several different surfaces in the Hanford area middle to late Pleistocene. Samples were collected and dated to provide calibration of soil development in surface deposits that are being used in the Hanford Site-Wide probabilistic seismic hazard analysis conducted by AMEC. The report includes description of sample locations and physical characteristics, sample preparation, chemical processing and mass spectrometry, analytical results, and calculated ages for individual sites. Ages of innermost rinds on a number of samples from five sites in eastern Washington are consistent with a range of minimum depositional ages from 17 ka for cataclysmic flood deposits to greater than 500 ka for alluvium at several sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.2172/1128696","usgsCitation":"Paces, J.B., 2014, 230Th/U ages Supporting Hanford Site‐Wide Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis: Technical Report, Report: 11 p.; 1 Table; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.2172/1128696.","productDescription":"Report: 11 p.; 1 Table; Appendix","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055830","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1128696","text":"External Repository"},{"id":311315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Hanford Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.487060546875,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -120.487060546875,\n 48.96579381461063\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 48.96579381461063\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -120.487060546875,\n 46.042735653846506\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564717bae4b0e2669b3130fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70123000,"text":"sir20145160 - 2014 - 2012 volcanic activity in Alaska: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-16T17:17:34","indexId":"sir20145160","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-29T16:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5160","title":"2012 volcanic activity in Alaska: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory","docAbstract":"The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptions, possible eruptions, volcanic unrest, or suspected unrest at 11 volcanic centers in Alaska during 2012. Of the two verified eruptions, one (Cleveland) was clearly magmatic and the other (Kanaga) was most likely a single phreatic explosion. Two other volcanoes had notable seismic swarms that probably were caused by magmatic intrusions (Iliamna and Little Sitkin). For each period of clear volcanic unrest, AVO staff increased monitoring vigilance as needed, reviewed eruptive histories of the volcanoes in question to help evaluate likely outcomes, and shared observations and interpretations with the public. 2012 also was the 100th anniversary of Alaska’s Katmai-Novarupta eruption of 1912, the largest eruption on Earth in the 20th century and one of the most important volcanic eruptions in modern times. AVO marked this occasion with several public events.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145160","collaboration":"The Alaska Volcano Observatory is a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys. The Alaska Volcano Observatory is funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program and the State of Alaska","usgsCitation":"Herrick, J.A., Neal, C., Cameron, C., Dixon, J.P., and McGimsey, R.G., 2014, 2012 volcanic activity in Alaska: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5160, vi, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145160.","productDescription":"vi, 81 p.","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053457","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293226,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145160.jpg"},{"id":293225,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5160/pdf/sir2014-5160.pdf"},{"id":293221,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5160/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"540185afe4b0ae951d95c967","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herrick, Julie A.","contributorId":17151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrick","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":82660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cameron, Cheryl E.","contributorId":37421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"Cheryl E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dixon, James P. 0000-0002-8478-9971 jpdixon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8478-9971","contributorId":3163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"James","email":"jpdixon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70122362,"text":"fs20143083 - 2014 - ShakeAlert—An earthquake early warning system for the United States west coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T11:18:19","indexId":"fs20143083","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-29T16:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3083","title":"ShakeAlert—An earthquake early warning system for the United States west coast","docAbstract":"Earthquake early warning systems use earthquake science and the technology of monitoring systems to alert devices and people when shaking waves generated by an earthquake are expected to arrive at their location. The seconds to minutes of advance warning can allow people and systems to take actions to protect life and property from destructive shaking. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in collaboration with several partners, has been working to develop an early warning system for the United States. ShakeAlert, a system currently under development, is designed to cover the West Coast States of California, Oregon, and Washington.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143083","usgsCitation":"Burkett, E.R., Given, D.G., and Jones, L.M., 2014, ShakeAlert—An earthquake early warning system for the United States West Coast (ver. 1.2, February 2017): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014–3083, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143083.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057499","costCenters":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324316,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3083/versionHist2.txt","text":"Version History","size":"2 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":293223,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3083/pdf/fs2014-3083.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2014-3083"},{"id":293224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3083/images/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 32.694865977875075\n ],\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n -114.47753906249999,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n -114.47753906249999,\n 32.694865977875075\n ],\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 32.694865977875075\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted August 29, 2014; Version 1.1: June 23, 2016; Version 1.2: February 8, 2017","contact":"Earthquake Science Center—Menlo Park, Calif. Office
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Seven existing road crossing structures at streams in Massachusetts were evaluated hydraulically and compared to hypothetical alternative structures designed for Aquatic Organism Passage (AOP) using standards developed by the Massachusetts River Continuity Partnership. Hydraulic simulations made for flood flows ranging from 20- to 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability (AEP) indicate that the existing structures are at full capacity for many of the simulated AEP floods, causing appreciable backwater upstream from the structure, which exacerbates upstream flooding and causes road overflow in many cases. The existing structures also create an impediment to AOP by failing to meet standards for openness, height, span, and velocity.
\nSimulated hypothetical road crossing structures that provide for fish and wildlife passage by meeting or exceeding the AOP standards were able to convey most simulated AEP flood flows without causing appreciable backwater upstream from the structure. At sites where backwater was still present, it occurred only at the highest simulated flows and was compounded by the low downstream gradient that affected the water-surface elevation at the structure. The simulations of the alternative structures also indicate that, in addition to improved passage for fish and wildlife, the structures are more resilient to large floods and provide a greater buffer to uncertainties and potential changes in flood flows than the existing stream-crossing structures.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145146","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Zarriello, P.J., and Barbaro, J.R., 2014, Hydraulic assessment of existing and alternative stream crossings providing fish and wildlife passage at seven sites in Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5146, viii, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145146.","productDescription":"viii, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056007","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293210,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145146.jpg"},{"id":293209,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5146/pdf/sir2014-5146.pdf"},{"id":293198,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5146/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.5081,41.239 ], [ -73.5081,42.8868 ], [ -69.928,42.8868 ], [ -69.928,41.239 ], [ -73.5081,41.239 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"540185b2e4b0ae951d95c97c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barbaro, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-6107-2142 jrbarbar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-2142","contributorId":1626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbaro","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrbarbar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70118654,"text":"ds875 - 2014 - Geochemical and modal data for igneous rocks associated with epithermal mineral deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-29T11:52:06","indexId":"ds875","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-29T11:49:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"875","title":"Geochemical and modal data for igneous rocks associated with epithermal mineral deposits","docAbstract":"The purposes of this report are to (1) present available geochemical and modal data for igneous rocks associated with epithermal mineral deposits and (2) to make those data widely and readily available for subsequent, more in-depth consideration and interpretation. Epithermal precious and base-metal deposits are commonly associated with subduction-related calc-alkaline to alkaline arc magmatism as well as back-arc continental rift magmatism. These deposits form in association with compositionally diverse extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks. Temperature and depth regimes prevailing during deposit formation are highly variable. The deposits form from hydrothermal fluids that range from acidic to near-neutral pH, and they occur in a variety of structural settings. The disparate temperature, pressure, fluid chemistry, and structural controls have resulted in deposits with wide ranging characteristics. Economic geologists have employed these characteristics to develop classification schemes for epithermal deposits and to constrain the important genetic processes responsible for their formation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds875","usgsCitation":"du Bray, E.A., 2014, Geochemical and modal data for igneous rocks associated with epithermal mineral deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 875, Report: iii, 13 p.; Appendix 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds875.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 13 p.; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056326","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293197,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds875.jpg"},{"id":293196,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/875/downloads/EpiMdlDB.xlsx"},{"id":293195,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/875/pdf/ds875.pdf"},{"id":293194,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/875/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"540185b0e4b0ae951d95c972","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"du Bray, Edward A. 0000-0002-4383-8394 edubray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-8394","contributorId":755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"du Bray","given":"Edward","email":"edubray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70122867,"text":"fs20143087 - 2014 - Manganese: it turns iron into steel (and does so much more)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-29T10:27:16","indexId":"fs20143087","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-29T10:22:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3087","title":"Manganese: it turns iron into steel (and does so much more)","docAbstract":"Manganese is a common ferrous metal with atomic weight of 25 and the chemical symbol Mn. It constitutes roughly 0.1 percent of the Earth’s crust, making it the 12th most abundant element. Its early uses were limited largely to pigments and oxidants in chemical processes and experiments, but the significance of manganese to human societies exploded with the development of modern steelmaking technology in the 1860s. U.S consumption of manganese is about 500,000 metric tons each year, predominantly by the steel industry. Because manganese is essential and irreplaceable in steelmaking and its global mining industry is dominated by just a few nations, it is considered one of the most critical mineral commodities for the United States.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143087","collaboration":"USGS Mineral Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Cannon, W.F., 2014, Manganese: it turns iron into steel (and does so much more): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3087, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143087.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045877","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293181,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143087.jpg"},{"id":293180,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3087/"},{"id":293179,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3087/pdf/fs2014-3087.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"540185b3e4b0ae951d95c984","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70118103,"text":"sir20145142 - 2014 - Hydroclimate of the Spring Mountains and Sheep Range, Clark County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-29T10:22:58","indexId":"sir20145142","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-29T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5142","title":"Hydroclimate of the Spring Mountains and Sheep Range, Clark County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and actual evapotranspiration often are used to characterize the hydroclimate of a region. Quantification of these parameters in mountainous terrains is difficult because limited access often hampers the collection of representative ground data. To fulfill a need to characterize ecological zones in the Spring Mountains and Sheep Range of southern Nevada, spatially and temporally explicit estimates of these hydroclimatic parameters are determined from remote-sensing and model-based methodologies. Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) precipitation estimates for this area ranges from about 100 millimeters (mm) in the low elevations of the study area (700 meters [m]) to more than 700 mm in the high elevations of the Spring Mountains (> 2,800 m). The PRISM model underestimates precipitation by 7–15 percent based on a comparison with four high‑elevation precipitation gages having more than 20 years of record. Precipitation at 3,000-m elevation is 50 percent greater in the Spring Mountains than in the Sheep Range. The lesser amount of precipitation in the Sheep Range is attributed to partial moisture depletion by the Spring Mountains of eastward-moving, cool-season (October–April) storms. Cool-season storms account for 66–76 percent of annual precipitation. Potential evapotranspiration estimates by the Basin Characterization Model range from about 700 mm in the high elevations of the Spring Mountains to 1,600 mm in the low elevations of the study area. The model realistically simulates lower potential evapotranspiration on northeast-to-northwest facing slopes compared to adjacent southeast-to-southwest facing slopes. Actual evapotranspiration, estimated using a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer based water-balance model, ranges from about 100 to 600 mm. The magnitude and spatial variation of simulated, actual evapotranspiration was validated by comparison to PRISM precipitation. Estimated groundwater recharge, computed as the residual of precipitation depleted by actual evapotranspiration, is within the range of previous estimates. A climatic water deficit dataset and aridity-index-based climate zones are derived from precipitation and evapotranspiration datasets. Climate zones range from arid in the lower elevations of the study area to humid in small pockets on north- to northeast-facing slopes in the high elevations of the Spring Mountains. Correlative analyses between hydroclimatic variables and mean ecosystem elevations indicate that the climatic water deficit is the best predictor of ecosystem distribution (R2 = 0.92). Computed water balances indicate that substantially more recharge is generated in the Spring Mountains than in the Sheep Range. A geospatial database containing compiled and developed hydroclimatic data and other pertinent information accompanies this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145142","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Moreo, M.T., Senay, G.B., Flint, A.L., Damar, N.A., Laczniak, R.J., and Hurja, J., 2014, Hydroclimate of the Spring Mountains and Sheep Range, Clark County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5142, Report: 38 p.; 2 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145142.","productDescription":"Report: 38 p.; 2 Appendices","numberOfPages":"48","ipdsId":"IP-033212","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293178,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145142.jpg"},{"id":293176,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?sir2014-5142_App1"},{"id":293177,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5142/downloads/sir2014-5142_appendixB.xlsx"},{"id":293175,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5142/pdf/sir2014-5142.pdf"},{"id":293173,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5142/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Clark County","otherGeospatial":"Spring Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.81,35.97 ], [ -115.81,36.96 ], [ -114.88,36.96 ], [ -114.88,35.97 ], [ -115.81,35.97 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"540185b2e4b0ae951d95c981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moreo, Michael T. 0000-0002-9122-6958 mtmoreo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9122-6958","contributorId":2363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreo","given":"Michael","email":"mtmoreo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Damar, Nancy A. 0000-0002-7520-7386 nadamar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7520-7386","contributorId":4154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damar","given":"Nancy","email":"nadamar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Laczniak, Randell J.","contributorId":90687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"Randell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hurja, James","contributorId":91795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurja","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70116227,"text":"ofr20141143 - 2014 - Fort Collins Science Center: science accomplishments for fiscal years 2012 and 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-29T09:50:21","indexId":"ofr20141143","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-29T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1143","title":"Fort Collins Science Center: science accomplishments for fiscal years 2012 and 2013","docAbstract":"The Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) is a multi-disciplinary research and development center of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) located in Fort Collins, Colorado. Organizationally, FORT is within the USGS Southwest Region, although our work extends across the Nation and into several other countries. FORT research focuses on needs of the land- and water-management bureaus within the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), other Federal agencies, and those of State and non-government organizations. As a Science Center, we emphasize a multi-disciplinary science approach to provide information for resource-management decisionmaking. FORT’s vision is to maintain and continuously improve the integrated, collaborative, world-class research needed to inform effective, science-based land and resource management. Our science and technological development activities and unique capabilities support all USGS scientific Mission Areas and contribute to successful, collaborative science efforts across the USGS and DOI. We organized our report into an Executive Summary, a cross-reference table, and an appendix. The executive summary provides brief highlights of some key FORT accomplishments for each Mission Area. The table cross-references all major FY2012 and FY2013 science accomplishments with the various Mission Areas that each supports. The one-page accomplishment descriptions in the appendix are organized by USGS Mission Area and describe the many and diverse ways in which our science is applied to resource issues. As in prior years, lists of all FY2012 and FY2013 publications and other product types also are appended.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141143","usgsCitation":"Wilson, J.T., and Hamilton, D.B., 2014, Fort Collins Science Center: science accomplishments for fiscal years 2012 and 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1143, v, 113 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141143.","productDescription":"v, 113 p.","numberOfPages":"118","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-049196","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293171,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141143.jpg"},{"id":293170,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1143/pdf/ofr2014-1143.pdf"},{"id":293168,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1143/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"540185b0e4b0ae951d95c96b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Juliette T.","contributorId":86439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Juliette","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70122875,"text":"70122875 - 2014 - Hand-rearing, growth, and development of common loon (Gavia immer) chicks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-29T09:39:54","indexId":"70122875","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-29T09:36:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3807,"text":"Zoo Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hand-rearing, growth, and development of common loon (Gavia immer) chicks","docAbstract":"Common loon chicks were reared in captivity in association with studies to evaluate the effects of radiotransmitter implants and to assess the ecological risk of dietary methylmercury. Here we report on hatching and rearing methods used to successfully raise chicks to 105 days of age. We experienced a 91.5% hatch rate, and 89.6% of loon chicks survived to the end of the study at 105 days. Baseline information on observed rates of fish consumption, behavioral development, and growth patterns are provided. Husbandry techniques are provided that should prove valuable to wildlife rehabilitators caring for abandoned or injured loons, and biologists contemplating methods for restoring loons to areas within their former breeding range.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Zoo Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/zoo.21130","usgsCitation":"Kenow, K.P., Meier, M.S., McColl, L.E., Hines, R.K., Pichner, J., Johnson, L., Lyon, J.E., Scharold, K.K., and Meyer, M., 2014, Hand-rearing, growth, and development of common loon (Gavia immer) chicks: Zoo Biology, v. 33, no. 4, p. 360-371, https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21130.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"360","endPage":"371","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-051457","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293159,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21130"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"540185b1e4b0ae951d95c976","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/zoo.21130","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21130","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Kenow Kevin P., Meier Melissa S., McColl Laurie E., Hines Randy K., Pichner Jimmy, Johnson Laura, Lyon James E., Kroc Scharold Kellie, Meyer Michael","journalName":"Zoo Biology","publicationDate":"4/21/2014","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenow, Kevin P. 0000-0002-3062-5197 kkenow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3062-5197","contributorId":3339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenow","given":"Kevin","email":"kkenow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meier, Melissa S.","contributorId":49277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McColl, Laurie E.","contributorId":106812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McColl","given":"Laurie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, Randy K. 0000-0002-5135-3135 rkhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5135-3135","contributorId":3340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Randy","email":"rkhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pichner, Jimmy","contributorId":41350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pichner","given":"Jimmy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, Laura","contributorId":46017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lyon, James E.","contributorId":67154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyon","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Scharold, Kellie Kroc","contributorId":33229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scharold","given":"Kellie","email":"","middleInitial":"Kroc","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Meyer, Michael","contributorId":71655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70123127,"text":"70123127 - 2014 - Laboratory estimation of net trophic transfer efficiencies of PCB congeners to lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from its prey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T13:52:18","indexId":"70123127","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-29T08:53:12","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2498,"text":"Journal of Visualized Experiments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Laboratory estimation of net trophic transfer efficiencies of PCB congeners to lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from its prey","title":"Laboratory estimation of net trophic transfer efficiencies of PCB congeners to lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from its prey","docAbstract":"A technique for laboratory estimation of net trophic transfer efficiency (γ) of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners to piscivorous fish from their prey is described herein. During a 135-day laboratory experiment, we fed bloater (Coregonus hoyi) that had been caught in Lake Michigan to lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) kept in eight laboratory tanks. Bloater is a natural prey for lake trout. In four of the tanks, a relatively high flow rate was used to ensure relatively high activity by the lake trout, whereas a low flow rate was used in the other four tanks, allowing for low lake trout activity. On a tank-by-tank basis, the amount of food eaten by the lake trout on each day of the experiment was recorded. Each lake trout was weighed at the start and end of the experiment. Four to nine lake trout from each of the eight tanks were sacrificed at the start of the experiment, and all 10 lake trout remaining in each of the tanks were euthanized at the end of the experiment. We determined concentrations of 75 PCB congeners in the lake trout at the start of the experiment, in the lake trout at the end of the experiment, and in bloaters fed to the lake trout during the experiment. Based on these measurements, γ was calculated for each of 75 PCB congeners in each of the eight tanks. Mean γ was calculated for each of the 75 PCB congeners for both active and inactive lake trout. Because the experiment was replicated in eight tanks, the standard error about mean γ could be estimated. Results from this type of experiment are useful in risk assessment models to predict future risk to humans and wildlife eating contaminated fish under various scenarios of environmental contamination.","language":"English","publisher":"MYJoVE Corp","doi":"10.3791/51496","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., Rediske, R.R., O'Keefe, J., and David, S.R., 2014, Laboratory estimation of net trophic transfer efficiencies of PCB congeners to lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from its prey: Journal of Visualized Experiments, v. 90, e51496, https://doi.org/10.3791/51496.","productDescription":"e51496","ipdsId":"IP-052080","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3791/51496","text":"External Repository"},{"id":293246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293227,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3791/51496"}],"volume":"90","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9cbe4b044dc0e82896a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rediske, Richard R.","contributorId":79053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rediske","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Keefe, James P.","contributorId":99499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Keefe","given":"James P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"David, Solomon R. sdavid@usgs.gov","contributorId":92942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"Solomon","email":"sdavid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70133360,"text":"70133360 - 2014 - Low transient storage and uptake efficiencies in seven agricultural streams: implications for nutrient demand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-14T16:53:14","indexId":"70133360","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low transient storage and uptake efficiencies in seven agricultural streams: implications for nutrient demand","docAbstract":"We used mass load budgets, transient storage modeling, and nutrient spiraling metrics to characterize nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+), and inorganic phosphorus (SRP) demand in seven agricultural streams across the United States and to identify in-stream services that may control these conditions. Retention of one or all nutrients was observed in all but one stream, but demand for all nutrients was low relative to the mass in transport. Transient storage metrics (As/A, Fmed200, Tstr, and qs) correlated with NO3− retention but not NH4+ or SRP retention, suggesting in-stream services associated with transient storage and stream water residence time could influence reach-scale NO3− demand. However, because the fraction of median reach-scale travel time due to transient storage (Fmed200) was ≤1.2% across the sites, only a relatively small demand for NO3− could be generated by transient storage. In contrast, net uptake of nutrients from the water column calculated from nutrient spiraling metrics were not significant at any site because uptake lengths calculated from background nutrient concentrations were statistically insignificant and therefore much longer than the study reaches. These results suggest that low transient storage coupled with high surface water NO3− inputs have resulted in uptake efficiencies that are not sufficient to offset groundwater inputs of N. Nutrient retention has been linked to physical and hydrogeologic elements that drive flow through transient storage areas where residence time and biotic contact are maximized; however, our findings indicate that similar mechanisms are unable to generate a significant nutrient demand in these streams relative to the loads.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2134/jeq2014.01.0034","usgsCitation":"Sheibley, R.W., Duff, J.H., and Tesoriero, A., 2014, Low transient storage and uptake efficiencies in seven agricultural streams: implications for nutrient demand: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 43, no. 6, p. 1980-1990, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2014.01.0034.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1980","endPage":"1990","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056733","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296115,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546727bce4b04d4b7dbde879","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheibley, Rich W. 0000-0003-1627-8536 sheibley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-8536","contributorId":3044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheibley","given":"Rich","email":"sheibley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duff, John H. jhduff@usgs.gov","contributorId":961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"John","email":"jhduff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tesoriero, Anthony J.","contributorId":40207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesoriero","given":"Anthony J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70111867,"text":"ofr20141117 - 2014 - Estimated water use in Puerto Rico, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-28T14:40:28","indexId":"ofr20141117","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-28T14:32:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1117","title":"Estimated water use in Puerto Rico, 2010","docAbstract":"Water-use data were aggregated for the 78 municipios of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico for 2010. Five major offstream categories were considered: public-supply water withdrawals and deliveries, domestic and industrial self-supplied water use, crop-irrigation water use, and thermoelectric-power freshwater use. One instream water-use category also was compiled: power-generation instream water use (thermoelectric saline withdrawals and hydroelectric power). Freshwater withdrawals for offstream use from surface-water [606 million gallons per day (Mgal/d)] and groundwater (118 Mgal/d) sources in Puerto Rico were estimated at 724 million gallons per day. The largest amount of freshwater withdrawn was by public-supply water facilities estimated at 677 Mgal/d. Public-supply domestic water use was estimated at 206 Mgal/d. Fresh groundwater withdrawals by domestic self-supplied users were estimated at 2.41 Mgal/d. Industrial self-supplied withdrawals were estimated at 4.30 Mgal/d. Withdrawals for crop irrigation purposes were estimated at 38.2 Mgal/d, or approximately 5 percent of all offstream freshwater withdrawals. Instream freshwater withdrawals by hydroelectric facilities were estimated at 556 Mgal/d and saline instream surface-water withdrawals for cooling purposes by thermoelectric-power facilities was estimated at 2,262 Mgal/d.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141117","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority, Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, and Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board","usgsCitation":"Molina-Rivera, W.L., 2014, Estimated water use in Puerto Rico, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1117, Report: vi, 35 p.; Appendix A1, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141117.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 35 p.; Appendix A1","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-050690","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141117.jpg"},{"id":293156,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1117/pdf/ofr2014-1117.pdf"},{"id":293155,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1117/"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -67.25,17.75 ], [ -67.25,18.5 ], [ -65.25,18.5 ], [ -65.25,17.75 ], [ -67.25,17.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54003433e4b04e908030b53b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molina-Rivera, Wanda L. 0000-0001-5856-283X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5856-283X","contributorId":54190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molina-Rivera","given":"Wanda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70173886,"text":"70173886 - 2014 - Post-parturition habitat selection by elk calves and adult female elk in New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T15:14:41","indexId":"70173886","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-28T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-parturition habitat selection by elk calves and adult female elk in New Mexico","docAbstract":"Neonatal survival and juvenile recruitment are crucial to maintaining viable elk (Cervus elaphus) populations. Neonate survival is known to be influenced by many factors, including bed-site selection. Although neonates select the actual bed-site location, they must do so within the larger calf-rearing area selected by the mother. As calves age, habitat selection should change to meet the changing needs of the growing calf. Our main objectives were to characterize habitat selection at 2 spatial scales and in areas with different predator assemblages in New Mexico. We evaluated bed-site selection by calves and calf-rearing area selection by adult females. We captured 108 elk calves by hand and fitted them with ear tag transmitters in two areas in New Mexico: the Valle Vidal and Blue Range Wolf Recovery Area. In both study areas, we found that concealing cover structure and distance to that cover influenced bed-site selection of young calves (i.e., <2 weeks of age). Older calves (i.e., 3–10 weeks of age) still selected areas in relation to distance to cover, but also preferred areas with higher visibility. At the larger spatial scale of calf-rearing habitat selection by the adult female, concealing cover (e.g., rocks, shrubs, and logs) and other variables important to the hiding calves were still in the most supported models, but selection was also influenced by forage availability and indices of forage quality. Studies that seek to obtain insight into microhabitat selection of ungulate neonates should consider selection by the neonate and selection by the adult female, changes in selection as neonates age, and potential selection differences in areas of differing predation risk. By considering these influences together and at multiple scales, studies can achieve a broader understanding of neonatal ungulate habitat requirements.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.776","usgsCitation":"Pitman, J.W., Cain, J.W., Liley, S., Gould, W., Quintana, N.T., and Ballard, W., 2014, Post-parturition habitat selection by elk calves and adult female elk in New Mexico: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 7, p. 1216-1227, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.776.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1216","endPage":"1227","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054883","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323701,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Valle Vidal--Northeast New Mexico; Blue Range Wolf Recovery Area--southwest New Mexico, coincides with Gila National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 32.36140331527543\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 34.30714385628804\n ],\n [\n -107.545166015625,\n 34.30714385628804\n ],\n [\n -107.545166015625,\n 32.36140331527543\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 32.36140331527543\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.09521484375,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -105.09521484375,\n 36.97622678464096\n ],\n [\n -104.534912109375,\n 36.97622678464096\n ],\n [\n -104.534912109375,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -105.09521484375,\n 36.527294814546245\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57627c37e4b07657d19a6a0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pitman, James W.","contributorId":113799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitman","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":24672,"text":"New Mexico Department of Game and Fish","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, James W. III 0000-0003-4743-516X jwcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-516X","contributorId":4063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jwcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liley, Stewart","contributorId":171908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liley","given":"Stewart","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gould, William R.","contributorId":63780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"William R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Quintana, Nichole T.","contributorId":171911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quintana","given":"Nichole","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ballard, Warren","contributorId":80398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballard","given":"Warren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70122284,"text":"70122284 - 2014 - A nuclear DNA perspective on delineating evolutionarily significant lineages in polyploids: the case of the endangered shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T13:58:35","indexId":"70122284","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-28T13:57:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A nuclear DNA perspective on delineating evolutionarily significant lineages in polyploids: the case of the endangered shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum)","docAbstract":"The shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum, oft considered a phylogenetic relic, is listed as an “endangered species threatened with extinction” in the US and “Vulnerable” on the IUCN Red List. Effective conservation of A. brevirostrum depends on understanding its diversity and evolutionary processes, yet challenges associated with the polyploid nature of its nuclear genome have heretofore limited population genetic analysis to maternally inherited haploid characters. We developed a suite of polysomic microsatellite DNA markers and characterized a sample of 561 shortnose sturgeon collected from major extant populations along the North American Atlantic coast. The 181 alleles observed at 11 loci were scored as binary loci and the data were subjected to multivariate ordination, Bayesian clustering, hierarchical partitioning of variance, and among-population distance metric tests. The methods uncovered moderately high levels of gene diversity suggesting population structuring across and within three metapopulations (Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, and Southeast) that encompass seven demographically discrete and evolutionarily distinct lineages. The predicted groups are consistent with previously described behavioral patterns, especially dispersal and migration, supporting the interpretation that A. brevirostrum exhibit adaptive differences based on watershed. Combined with results of prior genetic (mitochondrial DNA) and behavioral studies, the current work suggests that dispersal is an important factor in maintaining genetic diversity in A. brevirostrum and that the basic unit for conservation management is arguably the local population.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"PLoS ONE","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0102784","usgsCitation":"King, T.L., Henderson, A.P., Kynard, B.E., Kieffer, M.C., Peterson, D.L., Aunins, A.W., and Brown, B.L., 2014, A nuclear DNA perspective on delineating evolutionarily significant lineages in polyploids: the case of the endangered shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum): PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 8, e102784, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102784.","productDescription":"e102784","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-055543","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102784","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294357,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294356,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102784"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.84,30.5 ], [ -83.84,46.5 ], [ -67.1,46.5 ], [ -67.1,30.5 ], [ -83.84,30.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb08e4b08312ac7ceec0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Tim L. tlking@usgs.gov","contributorId":3520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Tim","email":"tlking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henderson, Anne P.","contributorId":29290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kynard, Boyd E.","contributorId":53712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"Boyd","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kieffer, Micah C. 0000-0001-9310-018X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-018X","contributorId":40532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"Micah","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, Douglas L.","contributorId":38911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aunins, Aaron W. 0000-0001-5240-1453 aaunins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-1453","contributorId":5863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aunins","given":"Aaron","email":"aaunins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brown, Bonnie L.","contributorId":23083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Bonnie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70122639,"text":"70122639 - 2014 - Re-evaluating the northeastern Minnesota moose decline and the role of wolves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:32:25","indexId":"70122639","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-28T11:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Re-evaluating the northeastern Minnesota moose decline and the role of wolves","docAbstract":"We re-evaluated findings from Lenarz et al. (2009) that adult moose (Alces alces) survival in northeastern Minnesota was related to high January temperatures and that predation by wolves (Canis lupus) played a minor role. We found significant inverse relationships between annual wolf numbers in part of the moose range and various moose demographics from 2003 to 2013 that suggested a stronger role of wolves than heretofore believed. To re-evaluate the temperature findings, we conducted a simulation study, mimicking the approach taken by Lenarz et al. (2009), to explore the potential for concluding a significant relationship exists between temperature and survival, when no association exists. We found that the high R2s and low probabilities associated with the regression models in Lenarz et al. (2009) should be viewed cautiously in light of the large number of fitted models (m = 45) and few observations (n = 6 for each of 5 response variables).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.775","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., and Fieberg, J., 2014, Re-evaluating the northeastern Minnesota moose decline and the role of wolves: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 7, p. 1143-1150, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.775.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1143","endPage":"1150","ipdsId":"IP-054789","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293053,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.775"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.7018,46.6557 ], [ -92.7018,48.4968 ], [ -89.4918,48.4968 ], [ -89.4918,46.6557 ], [ -92.7018,46.6557 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"78","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54003435e4b04e908030b54a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fieberg, John","contributorId":44804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fieberg","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":7201,"text":"University of Minnesota-St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":499520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70122760,"text":"70122760 - 2014 - Irruptive dynamics of introduced caribou on Adak Island, Alaska: an evaluation of Riney-Caughley model predictions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-28T10:55:39","indexId":"70122760","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-28T10:50:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Irruptive dynamics of introduced caribou on Adak Island, Alaska: an evaluation of Riney-Caughley model predictions","docAbstract":"Large mammalian herbivores introduced to islands without predators are predicted to undergo irruptive population and spatial dynamics, but only a few well-documented case studies support this paradigm. We used the Riney-Caughley model as a framework to test predictions of irruptive population growth and spatial expansion of caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) introduced to Adak Island in the Aleutian archipelago of Alaska in 1958 and 1959. We utilized a time series of spatially explicit counts conducted on this population intermittently over a 54-year period. Population size increased from 23 released animals to approximately 2900 animals in 2012. Population dynamics were characterized by two distinct periods of irruptive growth separated by a long time period of relative stability, and the catalyst for the initial irruption was more likely related to annual variation in hunting pressure than weather conditions. An unexpected pattern resembling logistic population growth occurred between the peak of the second irruption in 2005 and the next survey conducted seven years later in 2012. Model simulations indicated that an increase in reported harvest alone could not explain the deceleration in population growth, yet high levels of unreported harvest combined with increasing density-dependent feedbacks on fecundity and survival were the most plausible explanation for the observed population trend. No studies of introduced island Rangifer have measured a time series of spatial use to the extent described in this study. Spatial use patterns during the post-calving season strongly supported Riney-Caughley model predictions, whereby high-density core areas expanded outwardly as population size increased. During the calving season, caribou displayed marked site fidelity across the full range of population densities despite availability of other suitable habitats for calving. Finally, dispersal and reproduction on neighboring Kagalaska Island represented a new dispersal front for irruptive dynamics and a new challenge for resource managers. The future demography of caribou on both islands is far from certain, yet sustained and significant hunting pressure should be a vital management tool.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1890/ES13-00338.1","usgsCitation":"Ricca, M., Van Vuren, D., Weckerly, F.W., Williams, J., and Miles, A.K., 2014, Irruptive dynamics of introduced caribou on Adak Island, Alaska: an evaluation of Riney-Caughley model predictions: Ecosphere, v. 5, no. 8, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00338.1.","productDescription":"24 p.","numberOfPages":"24","ipdsId":"IP-052046","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es13-00338.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293142,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00338.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Adak Island;Aleutian Archipelago;Kagalaska Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -176.992716,51.590596 ], [ -176.992716,52.001917 ], [ -176.250485,52.001917 ], [ -176.250485,51.590596 ], [ -176.992716,51.590596 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"5","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54003434e4b04e908030b545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ricca, Mark A.","contributorId":39736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricca","given":"Mark A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Vuren, Dirk H.","contributorId":89408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Vuren","given":"Dirk H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weckerly, Floyd W.","contributorId":10298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weckerly","given":"Floyd","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6960,"text":"Department of Biology, Texas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":499684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":41333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Jeffrey C.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":499686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miles, A. Keith 0000-0002-3108-808X keith_miles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.","email":"keith_miles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70122645,"text":"70122645 - 2014 - Freshwater mussel population status and habitat quality in the Clinch River, Virginia and Tennessee, USA: a featured collection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T12:06:46","indexId":"70122645","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-28T10:24:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Freshwater mussel population status and habitat quality in the Clinch River, Virginia and Tennessee, USA: a featured collection","docAbstract":"The Clinch River of southwestern Virginia and northeastern Tennessee is arguably the most important river for freshwater mussel conservation in the United States. This featured collection presents investigations of mussel population status and habitat quality in the Clinch River. Analyses of historic water- and sediment-quality data suggest that water column ammonia and water column and sediment metals, including Cu and Zn, may have contributed historically to declining densities and extirpations of mussels in the river's Virginia sections. These studies also reveal increasing temporal trends for dissolved solids concentrations throughout much of the river's extent. Current mussel abundance patterns do not correspond spatially with physical habitat quality, but they do correspond with specific conductance, dissolved major ions, and water column metals, suggesting these and/or associated constituents as factors contributing to mussel declines. Mussels are sensitive to metals. Native mussels and hatchery-raised mussels held in cages in situ accumulated metals in their body tissues in river sections where mussels are declining. Organic compound and bed-sediment contaminant analyses did not reveal spatial correspondences with mussel status metrics, although potentially toxic levels were found. Collectively, these studies identify major ions and metals as water- and sediment-quality concerns for mussel conservation in the Clinch River.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12220","usgsCitation":"Zipper, C.E., Beaty, B., Johnson, G.C., Jones, J.W., Krstolic, J.L., Ostby, B.J., Wolfe, W., and Donovan, P., 2014, Freshwater mussel population status and habitat quality in the Clinch River, Virginia and Tennessee, USA: a featured collection: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 50, no. 4, p. 807-819, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12220.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"807","endPage":"819","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045007","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293149,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Clinch River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.6754,36.364 ], [ -83.6754,37.5991 ], [ -81.2297,37.5991 ], [ -81.2297,36.364 ], [ -83.6754,36.364 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54003434e4b04e908030b542","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zipper, Carl E.","contributorId":43683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipper","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beaty, Braven","contributorId":21076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaty","given":"Braven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Gregory C. 0000-0003-3683-5010 gcjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3683-5010","contributorId":1420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gregory","email":"gcjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Jess W.","contributorId":84279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Jess","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krstolic, Jennifer Lynn","contributorId":67015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krstolic","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ostby, Brett J.K.","contributorId":42863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostby","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wolfe, William J. wjwolfe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"William J.","email":"wjwolfe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Donovan, Patricia","contributorId":70297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70122728,"text":"70122728 - 2014 - Evidence of repeated wildfires prior to human occupation on San Nicolas Island, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-31T19:24:39.47968","indexId":"70122728","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-28T09:57:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2785,"text":"Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of repeated wildfires prior to human occupation on San Nicolas Island, California","docAbstract":"Understanding how early humans on the California Channel Islands might have changed local fire regimes requires a baseline knowledge of the frequency of natural wildfires on the islands prior to human occupation. A sedimentary sequence that was recently discovered in a small canyon on San Nicolas Island contains evidence of at least 24 burn events that date to between ∼37 and 25 ka (thousands of calibrated 14C years before present), well before humans entered North America. The evidence includes abundant macroscopic charcoal, blackened sediments, and discrete packages of oxidized, reddish-brown sediments that are similar in appearance to sedimentary features called “fire areas” on Santa Rosa Island and elsewhere. Massive fine-grained sediments that contain the burn evidence are interpreted as sheetwash deposits and are interbedded with coarse-grained, clast-supported alluvial sediments and matrix-supported sands, pebbles, and cobbles that represent localized debris flows. These sedimentary sequences suggest that the catchment area above our study site underwent multiple cycles of relative quiescence that were interrupted by fire and followed by slope instability and mass wasting events. Our 14C-based chronology dates these cycles to well before the arrival of humans on the Channel Islands and shows that natural wildfires occurred here, at a minimum, every 300–500 years prior to human occupation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University Press","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.3398/042.007.0107","usgsCitation":"Pigati, J., McGeehin, J., Skipp, G.L., and Muhs, D.R., 2014, Evidence of repeated wildfires prior to human occupation on San Nicolas Island, California: Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist, v. 7, no. 1, p. 35-47, https://doi.org/10.3398/042.007.0107.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-043100","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3398/042.007.0107","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Channel Islands, San Nicolas Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.504978,33.257972 ], [ -119.504978,33.269965 ], [ -119.485034,33.269965 ], [ -119.485034,33.257972 ], [ -119.504978,33.257972 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54003433e4b04e908030b53f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pigati, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5843-6219","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5843-6219","contributorId":60068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pigati","given":"Jeffrey S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGeehin, John P. 0000-0002-5320-6091 mcgeehin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":3444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John P.","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skipp, Gary L. 0000-0002-9404-0980 gskipp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9404-0980","contributorId":2102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"Gary","email":"gskipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":1857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70122722,"text":"70122722 - 2014 - Can air temperature be used to project influences of climate change on stream temperature?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-24T17:24:19","indexId":"70122722","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-28T08:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1562,"text":"Environmental Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can air temperature be used to project influences of climate change on stream temperature?","docAbstract":"Worldwide, lack of data on stream temperature has motivated the use of regression-based statistical models to predict stream temperatures based on more widely available data on air temperatures. Such models have been widely applied to project responses of stream temperatures under climate change, but the performance of these models has not been fully evaluated. To address this knowledge gap, we examined the performance of two widely used linear and nonlinear regression models that predict stream temperatures based on air temperatures. We evaluated model performance and temporal stability of model parameters in a suite of regulated and unregulated streams with 11–44 years of stream temperature data. Although such models may have validity when predicting stream temperatures within the span of time that corresponds to the data used to develop them, model predictions did not transfer well to other time periods. Validation of model predictions of most recent stream temperatures, based on air temperature–stream temperature relationships from previous time periods often showed poor performance when compared with observed stream temperatures. Overall, model predictions were less robust in regulated streams and they frequently failed in detecting the coldest and warmest temperatures within all sites. In many cases, the magnitude of errors in these predictions falls within a range that equals or exceeds the magnitude of future projections of climate-related changes in stream temperatures reported for the region we studied (between 0.5 and 3.0 °C by 2080). The limited ability of regression-based statistical models to accurately project stream temperatures over time likely stems from the fact that underlying processes at play, namely the heat budgets of air and water, are distinctive in each medium and vary among localities and through time.","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Publishing","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/9/8/084015","usgsCitation":"Arismendi, I., Safeeq, M., Dunham, J., and Johnson, S.L., 2014, Can air temperature be used to project influences of climate change on stream temperature?: Environmental Research Letters, v. 9, no. 8, Article 084015; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/8/084015.","productDescription":"Article 084015; 12 p.","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-052781","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/8/084015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293143,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5400342fe4b04e908030b534","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arismendi, Ivan","contributorId":70661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arismendi","given":"Ivan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Safeeq, Mohammad 0000-0003-0529-3925","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-3925","contributorId":77814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Safeeq","given":"Mohammad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6641,"text":"University of California at Merced","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":499665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B.","contributorId":64791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Sherri L.","contributorId":91757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Sherri","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148500,"text":"70148500 - 2014 - The offshore benthic fish community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-09T15:00:18","indexId":"70148500","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"The offshore benthic fish community","docAbstract":"Lake Ontario’s offshore benthic fish community includes primarily slimy sculpin, lake whitefish, rainbow smelt, lake trout, burbot, and sea lamprey. Of these, lake trout have been the focus of an international restoration effort for more than three decades (Elrod et al. 1995; Lantry and Lantry 2008). The deepwater sculpin and three species of deepwater ciscoes (Coregonus spp.) that were historically important in the offshore benthic zone became rare or were extirpated by the 1960s (Christie 1973; Owens et al. 2003; Lantry et al. 2007b; Roth et al. 2013). Ecosystem changes continue to influence the offshore benthic fish community, including the effects of dreissenid mussels, the near disappearance of burrowing amphipods (Diporeia spp.) (Dermott et al. 2005; Watkins et al. 2007), and the increased abundance and expanded geographic distribution of round goby (see Nearshore Fish Community chapter) (Lantry et al. 2007b). The fish-community objectives for the offshore benthic fish community, as described by Stewart et al. 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