Plans to import water to Juab Valley, Utah, primarily for irrigation, are part of the Central Utah Project. A better understanding of the hydrology of the valley is needed to help manage the water resources and to develop conjunctive-use plans.
The saturated unconsolidated basin-fill deposits form the ground-water system in Juab Valley. Recharge is by seepage from streams, unconsumed irrigation water, and distribution systems; infiltration of precipitation; and subsurface inflow from consolidated rocks that surround the valley. Discharge is by wells, springs, seeps, evapotranspiration, and subsurface outflow to consolidated rocks. Ground-water pumpage is used to supplement surface water for irrigation in most of the valley and has altered the direction of groundwater flow from that of pre-ground-water development time in areas near and in Nephi and Levan.
Greater-than-average precipitation during 1980-87 corresponds with a rise in water levels measured in most wells in the valley and the highest water level measured in some wells. Less-than average precipitation during 1988-91 corresponds with a decline in water levels measured during 1988-93 in most wells. Geochemical analyses indicate that the sources of dissolved ions in water sampled from the southern part of the valley are the Arapien Shale, evaporite deposits that occur in the unconsolidated basin-fill deposits, and possibly residual sea water that has undergone evaporation in unconsolidated basin-fill deposits in selected areas. Water discharging from a spring at Burriston Ponds is a mixture of about 70 percent ground water from a hypothesized flow path that extends downgradient from where Salt Creek enters Juab Valley and 30 percent from a hypothesized flow path from the base of the southern Wasatch Range.
The ground-water system of Juab Valley was simulated by using the U.S. Geological Survey modular, three-dimensional, finite-difference, ground-water flow model. The numerical model was calibrated to simulate the steady-state conditions of 1949, multi-year transient-state conditions during 1949-92, and seasonal transient-state conditions during 1992-94. Calibration parameters were adjusted until model-computed water levels reasonably matched measured water levels. Parameters important to the calibration process include horizontal hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, and the spatial distribution and amount of recharge from subsurface inflow and seepage from ephemeral streams to the east side of Juab Valley.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00357529.1996.11761532","usgsCitation":"Modreski, P., and Aumente-Modreski, R., 1996, Fluorescent minerals: A review: Rocks and Minerals Magazine, v. 71, no. 1, p. 14-22, https://doi.org/10.1080/00357529.1996.11761532.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227449,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1282e4b0c8380cd54331","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Modreski, P.J.","contributorId":98335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modreski","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aumente-Modreski, R.","contributorId":50413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aumente-Modreski","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175055,"text":"70175055 - 1996 - The developing framework of marine ecotoxicology: Pollutants as a variable in marine ecosystems?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-06T06:46:48","indexId":"70175055","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-30T08:15:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The developing framework of marine ecotoxicology: Pollutants as a variable in marine ecosystems?","docAbstract":"Marine ecosystems include a subset in which at least some interrelated geochemical, biochemical, physiological, population and community characteristics are changed by pollutants. Moderate contamination is relatively widespread in coastal and estuarine ecosystems, so the subset of ecosystems with at least some processes affected could be relatively large. Pollutant influences have changed and will probably continue to change on time scales of decades. Biological exposures and dose in such ecosystems are species-specific and determined by how the species is exposed to different environmental media and the geochemistry of individual pollutants within those media. Bioaccumulation models offer significant promise for interpreting such exposures. Biological responses to pollutants need to be more directly linked to exposure and dose. At the level of the individual this might be improved by better understanding relationships between tissue concentrations of pollutants and responses to pollutants. Multi-discipline field and laboratory studies combined with advanced understanding of some basic processes have reduced the ambiguities in interpreting a few physiological/organismic responses to pollutants in nature. Recognition of pollutant-induced patterns in population responses could lead to similar advances. A rational framework for ecotoxicology is developing, but its further advance is dependent upon better integration of ecotoxicology with basic marine ecology and biology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-0981(96)02679-2","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., 1996, The developing framework of marine ecotoxicology: Pollutants as a variable in marine ecosystems?: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 200, no. 1, p. 29-55, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(96)02679-2.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325739,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"200","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db7de4b0589fa1c7eb55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70157481,"text":"70157481 - 1996 - The application of an analytic element model to investigate groundwater-lake interactions at Pretty Lake, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T17:05:30","indexId":"70157481","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-01T04:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The application of an analytic element model to investigate groundwater-lake interactions at Pretty Lake, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Pretty Lake is a 64 acre, sandy-bottomed groundwater flow-through lake that has a history of hydrologic disturbance. Residents and regulators require a better understanding of lake-groundwater interaction to develop measures to protect the lake's hydrologic system and water quality. A groundwater flow model was constructed as a tool to synthesize field data collected at the site, delineate recharge areas that supply groundwater to the lake, and predict die effect of dredging an adjacent drainage ditch. The one layer, two-dimensional steady-state areal model used analytic element (AE) methods because they are quick to apply and include sophisticated simulation of groundwater-surface water interaction. The model calibrated well to groundwater heads (mean absolute difference = 0.05 m), lake stage (within 0.05 m) and ditch fluxes (mean absolute difference = 0.0023 m3·s−1). Model results showed that a single 1000 m wide recharge area supplies all the groundwater inflow to the lake. In addition, the model predicted that dredging an adjacent ditch by 3.0 m would lower the lake level by 0.31 m. The analytic element model was verified using a widely accepted finite-difference (FD) code; differences were less than ±0.015 m near die lake area and reached a maximum of 0.08 m at far corners of the FD grid. These differences are likely a result of die nodal interpolation inherent to FD techniques and error associated with applying a discrete boundary to die AE infinite aquifer. Although developed recently, AE methods have great potential to aid characterizations of groundwater-lake systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/07438149609354289","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., and Krohelski, J.T., 1996, The application of an analytic element model to investigate groundwater-lake interactions at Pretty Lake, Wisconsin: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 12, no. 4, p. 487-495, https://doi.org/10.1080/07438149609354289.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"487","endPage":"495","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07438149609354289","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":308513,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Waukesha","otherGeospatial":"Pretty Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.5333251953125,\n 42.93770016964464\n ],\n [\n -88.5333251953125,\n 42.97827897704351\n ],\n [\n -88.46620559692383,\n 42.97827897704351\n ],\n [\n -88.46620559692383,\n 42.93770016964464\n ],\n [\n -88.5333251953125,\n 42.93770016964464\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56051ee8e4b058f706e51320","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krohelski, James T.","contributorId":52223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohelski","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018577,"text":"70018577 - 1996 - A revised velocity-reversal and sediment-sorting model for a high-gradient, pool-riffle stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-17T16:42:19.770427","indexId":"70018577","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3059,"text":"Physical Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A revised velocity-reversal and sediment-sorting model for a high-gradient, pool-riffle stream","docAbstract":"Sediment-sorting processes related to varying channel-bed morphology were investigated from April to November 1993 along a 1-km pool-riffle and step-pool reach of North Saint Vrain Creek, a small mountain stream in the Rocky Mountains of northern Colorado. Measured cross-sectional areas of flow were used to suggest higher velocities in pools than in riffles at high flow. Three hundred and sixteen tracer particles, ranging in size from 16 mm to 256 mm, were placed in two separate pool-riffle-pool sequences and used to assess sediment-sorting patterns and sediment-transport competence variations. Tracer-particle depositional evidence indicated higher sediment-transport competence in pools than in riffles at high flow. Pool-riffle sediment sorting may be created by velocity reversals, and more localized sorting results from gravitational forces along the upstream sloping portion of the channel bed located at the downstream end of pools.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02723646.1996.10642578","issn":"02723646","usgsCitation":"Thompson, D., Wohl, E., and Jarrett, R., 1996, A revised velocity-reversal and sediment-sorting model for a high-gradient, pool-riffle stream: Physical Geography, v. 17, no. 2, p. 142-156, https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.1996.10642578.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"156","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227037,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"North Saint Vrain Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.3539452645733,\n 40.248905660494955\n ],\n [\n -105.3539452645733,\n 40.198481404270666\n ],\n [\n -105.27498002517267,\n 40.198481404270666\n ],\n [\n -105.27498002517267,\n 40.248905660494955\n ],\n [\n -105.3539452645733,\n 40.248905660494955\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e563e4b0c8380cd46d1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, D.M.","contributorId":16570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wohl, E.E. 0000-0001-7435-5013","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7435-5013","contributorId":28753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wohl","given":"E.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarrett, R.D.","contributorId":36551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018473,"text":"70018473 - 1996 - Hanawaltite, Hg1+6Hg2+[Cl,(OH)]2O3 - A new mineral from the Clear Creek claim, San Benito County, California: Description and crystal structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-26T14:40:45.457068","indexId":"70018473","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3106,"text":"Powder Diffraction","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Hanawaltite, Hg1+6Hg2+[Cl,(OH)]2O3 - A new mineral from the Clear Creek claim, San Benito County, California: Description and crystal structure","title":"Hanawaltite, Hg1+6Hg2+[Cl,(OH)]2O3 - A new mineral from the Clear Creek claim, San Benito County, California: Description and crystal structure","docAbstract":"Hanawaltite, ideally Hg1+6Hg2+O3Cl2, is orthorhombic, Pbma (57), with unit-cell parameters refined from powder data: a=11.790(3), b=13.881(4), c=6.450(2) Å, V=1055.7(6) Å3, a:b:c =0.8494:1:0.4647, Z=4. The strongest six lines of the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d in Å (I)(hkl)] are: 5.25 (80)(111), 3.164 (60)(231), 3.053 (100)(041), 2.954 (70)(141), 2.681 (50)(401), and 2.411 (50)(232,341). The mineral is an extremely rare constituent in a small prospect pit near the long-abandoned Clear Creek mercury mine, New Idria district, San Benito County, California. It was found on a single-fracture surface where it is intimately associated with calomel, native mercury, cinnabar, montroydite, and quartz. Individual crystals are subhedral to anhedral, platy to somewhat bladed, and average about 50 μm in longest dimension. The largest known crystal is approximately 0.3×0.3 mm in size and is striated parallel [001]. Hanawaltite is opaque to translucent (on very thin edges), black to very dark brown–black in color, with a black to dark red–brown streak. Other physical properties include: metallic luster; cleavage {001} good; uneven fracture; brittle; nonfluorescent; H<5; calculated density (for the empirical formula) 9.51 g/cm3.
In polished section, hanawaltite is moderately to strongly bireflectant and is pleochroic white (RI) to blue–white (R2). In reflected plane-polarized light, it is white with orange–red internal reflections in very thin grains and at grain margins. The anisotropy is strong with bright metallic blue rotation tints. Measured reflectance values, in air and in oil, are tabulated. Electron-microprobe analysis yielded Hg2O 82.46, HgO 14.27, Cl 3.33, H2O [0.34], sum [100.40], less O=Cl 0.75, total [99.65] wt. %, corresponding to Hg1+6.00Hg2+1.00 [Cl1.43(OH)0.57]Σ2.00O3.00, based on O+Cl=5. After the crystal structure was determined, the original microprobe value for Hg2O, 96.2, was partitioned in a ratio of 6Hg2O:HgO and (OH) was calculated, such that Cl+(OH)=2. The hanawaltite structure consists of undulatory [Hg–Hg]2+ ribbons which roughly parallel (100). The diatomic [Hg–Hg]2+ groups have anion tails which, in turn, serve as cross linkages between dimer ribbons through [Hg2+O2Cl2] planar rhombs. The structure is compared to that of other mercury oxychlorides and each is found to have its own unique structural features. This structural diversity is attributed to the inherent ability of mercury to adopt either metallic or ionic types of bonds. The mineral name honors the late Dr. J. D. (Don) Hanawalt (1903–1987), who was a pioneer in the field of X-ray powder diffraction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0885715600008915","issn":"08857156","usgsCitation":"Roberts, A.C., Grice, J.D., Gault, R.A., Criddle, A., and Erd, R.C., 1996, Hanawaltite, Hg1+6Hg2+[Cl,(OH)]2O3 - A new mineral from the Clear Creek claim, San Benito County, California: Description and crystal structure: Powder Diffraction, v. 11, no. 1, p. 45-50, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0885715600008915.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"50","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227385,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Benito County","otherGeospatial":"Clear Creek claim","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.4095042907666,\n 36.89344794896937\n ],\n [\n -121.4095042907666,\n 36.566916223958586\n ],\n [\n -121.05048867468497,\n 36.566916223958586\n ],\n [\n -121.05048867468497,\n 36.89344794896937\n ],\n [\n -121.4095042907666,\n 36.89344794896937\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f61e4b0c8380cd5cd35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Andrew C.","contributorId":85733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grice, Joel D.","contributorId":102210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grice","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gault, Robert A.","contributorId":105064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gault","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Criddle, A.J.","contributorId":42279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criddle","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Erd, Richard C.","contributorId":89899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erd","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037973,"text":"70037973 - 1996 - Helping Your Child Learn Geography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:33","indexId":"70037973","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T21:57:50","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Helping Your Child Learn Geography","docAbstract":"By the year 2000, all students will leave grades 4, 8, and 12 having demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter including English, mathematics, science, foreign languages, civics and government, economics, arts, history, and geography, and every school in America will ensure that all students learn to use their minds well, so they may be prepared for responsible citizenship, further learning, and productive employment in our Nation's modern economy.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70037973","collaboration":"Archived Information","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, Helping Your Child Learn Geography: General Information Product, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70037973.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":254448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":254444,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www2.ed.gov/pubs/parents/Geography/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a304be4b0c8380cd5d505","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221060,"text":"5221060 - 1996 - Cytochrome P450 and contaminant concentrations in nestling black-crowned night-herons and their interrelation with sibling embryos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T13:37:01","indexId":"5221060","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cytochrome P450 and contaminant concentrations in nestling black-crowned night-herons and their interrelation with sibling embryos","docAbstract":"Hepatic cytochrome P450-associated monooxygenase activities were measured in 11-d-old nestling black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) collected from a reference site (next to Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, VA, USA) and three contaminated sites (Cat Island, Green Bay, WI, USA; Bair Island, San Francisco Bay, CA, USA; and West Marin Island, San Francisco Bay, CA, USA). Arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase and benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activities of nestlings from contaminated sites were only slightly elevated (less than threefold) compared with the reference site. Organochlorine pesticide and total polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in nestlings were greatest at contaminated sites, although much lower than found in concurrently collected eggs and pipping embryos. Pollutant concentrations of nestlings were rarely associated with monooxygenase activity. In contrast, concurrently collected pipping heron embryos (often siblings of the nestlings) exhibited pronounced monooxygenase induction (means at contaminated sites were elevated up to sevenfold and values of some embryos exceeded 25-fold induction). Furthermore, monooxygenase activity of pipping embryos was significantly correlated with total PCBs, arylhydrocarbon receptor-active PCB congeners, and toxic equivalents. The modest monooxygenase responses of heron nestlings suggest that this biomarker may have only limited value during this rapid-growth life stage.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620150516","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B.A., Melancon, M.J., Custer, T.W., and Hothem, R.L., 1996, Cytochrome P450 and contaminant concentrations in nestling black-crowned night-herons and their interrelation with sibling embryos: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 15, no. 5, p. 715-721, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620150516.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"715","endPage":"721","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Virginia, Wisconsin","volume":"15","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67eb75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":332950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melancon, Mark J.","contributorId":21918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Custer, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3170-6519 tcuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":2835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":332949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hothem, Roger L. roger_hothem@usgs.gov","contributorId":1721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"Roger","email":"roger_hothem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":332948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223090,"text":"5223090 - 1996 - Age-specific survival and philopatry in three species of European ducks: A long-term study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T21:56:27.69705","indexId":"5223090","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age-specific survival and philopatry in three species of European ducks: A long-term study","docAbstract":"Capture-recapture and band recovery models were used to estimate age-specific survival probabilities for female Northern Shovelers (Anas clypeata), Common Pochards (Aythya ferina), and Tufted Ducks (Aythya.fuligula) at Engure Marsh, Latvia, in 1964-1993. We banded more than 65,100 day-old ducklings of both sexes and captured 10,211 incubating females (3,713 new bandings and 6,498 recaptures). We developed a set of 3-age capture-recapture models to estimate annual survival rates for female ducklings, yearlings (SY), and adults (ASY) using programs SURGE and SURVIV and selected parsimonious models using a method developed bv Akaike (1973). Survival rates of SY and ASY females were highest-for Tufted Ducks intermediate for Common Pochards, and lowest for Northern Shovelers. Survival rates of SY and ASY females varied in parallel for shovelers and pochards. We believe that much of the difference in survival estimates between SY and ASY birds was caused by mortality rather than permanent emigration. Estimates of day-old duckling survival, reflecting both mortality and permanent emigration, were 0.12 for shoveler, 0.06 for pochard, and 0.03 for Tufted Duck. For all species, duckling survival varied over years, but the pattern of variation was not similar to that of the other age classes. Estimates of survival using band recovery data for SY + ASY female pochards and Tufted Ducks were similar to the capture-recapturee stimates, suggestingt hat surviving females returned to the breeding marsh with probabilities approaching 1.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1369509","usgsCitation":"Blums, P., Mednis, A., Bauga, I., Nichols, J., and Hines, J., 1996, Age-specific survival and philopatry in three species of European ducks: A long-term study: Condor, v. 98, no. 1, p. 61-74, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369509.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479026,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369509","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":196473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689180","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blums, Peter","contributorId":25652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blums","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mednis, Aivars","contributorId":73695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mednis","given":"Aivars","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bauga, I.","contributorId":50618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauga","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5223235,"text":"5223235 - 1996 - Coexistence and community structure of tropical trees in a Hawaiian montane rain forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-28T16:50:59.290237","indexId":"5223235","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1045,"text":"Biotropica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coexistence and community structure of tropical trees in a Hawaiian montane rain forest","docAbstract":"We measured the diameter at breast height of all trees and shrubs > 5 meters in height, including standing dead trees, on 68 0.04-hectare study plots in a montane, subtropical rain forest on Mauna Loa, Hawai`i. The canopy species consisted of 88 percent Metrosideros polymorpha (ohia) and 12 percent Acacia koa (koa). Negative associations were found between the densities of koa and ohia, the density of koa and the total basal area of ohia, and the total basal areas of koa and ohia. The two-species lottery competition model, a stochastic model in which the coexistence of two species in a space-limited community results from temporal variation in recruitment and death rates, predicts a quadratic-beta distribution for the proportion of space occupied by each species. A discrete version of the quadratic-beta distribution, the quadratic-beta binomial distribution, was fit to the live koa and ohia densities and assessed with goodness-of-fit tests. Likelihood ratio tests provided evidence that the mean adult death rates of the two species were equal but that the relative competitive abilities of the two species favored ohia. These tests were corroborated by a contingency table analysis of death rates based on standing dead trees and growth rate studies which report that koa grows much faster than ohia. The lottery model predicts a positive covariance between death rates and ohia recruitment when mean death rates are equal and koa has a higher growth rate than ohia. We argue that the competitive advantage of ohia is due to its superior dispersal ability into large gaps, which would yield the positive covariance described above, and it is this positive covariance term that skews the occupation of space in favor of ohia.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/2389061","usgsCitation":"Hatfield, J.S., Link, W.A., Dawson, D.K., and Lindquist, E.L., 1996, Coexistence and community structure of tropical trees in a Hawaiian montane rain forest: Biotropica, v. 28, no. 46, p. 746-758, https://doi.org/10.2307/2389061.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"746","endPage":"758","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196323,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kulani Forest, Mauna Loa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.35772976577198,\n 19.559813709728928\n ],\n [\n -155.35772976577198,\n 19.498295360209283\n ],\n [\n -155.24238871033742,\n 19.498295360209283\n ],\n [\n -155.24238871033742,\n 19.559813709728928\n ],\n [\n -155.35772976577198,\n 19.559813709728928\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"46","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae99b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":95187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Link, William A. 0000-0002-9913-0256 wlink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":146920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, Deanna K. ddawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Deanna","email":"ddawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindquist, E. L.","contributorId":60342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindquist","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223374,"text":"5223374 - 1996 - Interlaboratory study of precision: Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans freshwater sediment toxicity assays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T13:10:04","indexId":"5223374","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interlaboratory study of precision: Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans freshwater sediment toxicity assays","docAbstract":"Standard 10-d whole-sediment toxicity test methods have recently been developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the amphipod Hyalella azteca and the midge Chironomus tentans. An interlaboratory evaluation of method precision was performed using a group of seven to 10 laboratories, representing government, academia, and environmental consulting firms. The test methods followed the EPA protocols for 4-d water-only reference toxicant (KCl) testing (static exposure) and for 10-d whole-sediment testing. Test sediments included control sediment, two copper-containing sediments, and a sediment contaminated primarily with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Reference toxicant tests resulted in H. azteca and C. tentans median lethal concentration (LC50) values with coefficents of variation (CVs) of 15.8 and 19.6%, respectively. Whole sediments which were moderately contaminated provided the best estimates of precision using CVs. Hyalella azteca and C. tentans tests in moderately contaminated sediments exhibited LC50 CVs of 38.9 and 13.5%, respectively. The CV for C. tentans growth was 31.9%. Only 3% (1 of 28) of samples exceeded acceptable interlaboratory precision limits for the H. azteca survival tests. No samples exceeded the intralaboratory precision limit for H. azteca or C. tentans survival tests. However, intralaboratory variability limits for C. tentans growth were exceeded by 80 and 100% of the laboratories for a moderately toxic and control sample, respectively. Interlaboratory variability limits for C. tentans survival were not exceeded by any laboratory. The results showed these test methods to have relatively low variance and acceptable levels of precision in interlaboratory comparisons.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620150812","usgsCitation":"Burton, G., Norberg-King, T., Ingersoll, C., Benoit, D., Ankley, G., Winger, P.V., Kubitz, J., Lazorchak, J., Smith, M., Greer, E., Dwyer, F., Call, D., Day, K., Kennedy, P., and Stinson, M., 1996, Interlaboratory study of precision: Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans freshwater sediment toxicity assays: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 15, no. 8, p. 1335-1343, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620150812.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1335","endPage":"1343","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0893","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, G.A. Jr.","contributorId":91959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"G.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norberg-King, T. J.","contributorId":92385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norberg-King","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benoit, D.A.","contributorId":73310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benoit","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ankley, G.T.","contributorId":76710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ankley","given":"G.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winger, P. V.","contributorId":43075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kubitz, J.","contributorId":72898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubitz","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lazorchak, J.M.","contributorId":34620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazorchak","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smith, M.E.","contributorId":104525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Greer, E.","contributorId":52295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greer","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Call, D.J.","contributorId":28701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Call","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Day, K.E.","contributorId":50624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Kennedy, P.","contributorId":64763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Stinson, M.","contributorId":74843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stinson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":5223287,"text":"5223287 - 1996 - A field data assessment of contemporary models of beach cusp formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5223287","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A field data assessment of contemporary models of beach cusp formation","docAbstract":"Cusp formation was observed during an instrumented, daily profiled, time series of a reflective beach in Canaveral National Seashore, Florida on January 5, 1988. The monitored cusp embayment formed by erosion of the foreshore and the cusp series had a mean spacing of approximately 28 m. During this time, inshore fluid flows were dominated by two standing edge waves at frequencies of 0.06 Hz (primary) and 0.035 Hz (secondary) whereas incident waves were broadbanded at 0.12-0.16 Hz. Directly measured flows (and indirectly estimated swash excursion) data support both the standing wave subharmonic model and the self-organization model of cusp formation in this study.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Allen, J., Psuty, N., Bauer, B., and Carter, R., 1996, A field data assessment of contemporary models of beach cusp formation: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 12, p. 622-629.","productDescription":"622-629","startPage":"622","endPage":"629","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aecfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, J.R.","contributorId":16955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Psuty, N.P.","contributorId":58742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Psuty","given":"N.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bauer, B.O.","contributorId":81604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"B.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, R.W.G.","contributorId":22470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"R.W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223179,"text":"5223179 - 1996 - Developmental toxicity of PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl) in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T17:27:19.665319","indexId":"5223179","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1713,"text":"Fundamental and Applied Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Developmental toxicity of PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl) in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius)","title":"Developmental toxicity of PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl) in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius)","docAbstract":"Planar PCB congeners are embryotoxic and teratogenic to birds including American kestrels. The developmental toxicity of 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) was studied in the posthatching kestrel as a model for the eagle. Nestlings were dosed orally for 10 days with 5 μl/g body weight of corn oil (controls) or the planar PCB 126 at concentrations of 50, 250, or 1000 ng/g body weight. Dosing with 50 ng/g of PCB 126 resulted in a hepatic concentration of 156 ng/g wet weight, liver enlargement and mild coagulative necrosis, over 10-fold increases in hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase and benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase, and approximately a 5-fold increase in methoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase. At this dose, mild to moderate lymphoid depletion of the spleen was apparent, as were decreased follicle size and content of the thyroid. At 250 ng/g, concentration of PCB 126 in the liver was 380 ng/g with increasing multifocal coagulative necrosis, decreased bone growth, decreased spleen weight with lymphocyte depletion of the spleen and bursa, and degenerative lesions of the thyroid. At 1000 ng/g, the liver concentration was 1098 ng/g, accompanied by decreased bursa weight, decreased hepatic thiol concentration, and increased plasma enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and LDH-L) in addition to the previous effects. Highly significant positive correlations were noted between liver concentrations of PCB 126 and the ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathone. These findings indicate that nestling kestrels are more susceptible to PCB 126 toxicity than adults, but less sensitive than embryos, and that planar PCBs are of potential hazard to nestling birds..
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/faat.1996.0189","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Melancon, M.J., Klein, P.N., Rice, C., Eisemann, J.D., Hines, R.K., Spann, J.W., and Pendleton, G.W., 1996, Developmental toxicity of PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl) in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius): Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v. 34, no. 2, p. 188-200, https://doi.org/10.1006/faat.1996.0189.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"200","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198308,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melancon, Mark J.","contributorId":21918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klein, P. N.","contributorId":33261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rice, Clifford P.","contributorId":270789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rice","given":"Clifford P.","affiliations":[{"id":36589,"text":"USDA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":338064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eisemann, John D.","contributorId":37462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisemann","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hines, Randy K. 0000-0002-5135-3135 rkhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5135-3135","contributorId":3340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Randy","email":"rkhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Spann, James W.","contributorId":27944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spann","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pendleton, Grey W.","contributorId":191446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Grey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":5223223,"text":"5223223 - 1996 - First-time observer effects in the North American Breeding Bird Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T10:28:00","indexId":"5223223","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First-time observer effects in the North American Breeding Bird Survey","docAbstract":"Currently the operational analysis of Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data by the National Biological Service accounts for observer differences in estimating the trend for each route, but within-observer differences are not modeled. We tested for the existence of a form of within-observer differences in skill level, namely a change in ability to count birds of a given species after an observer's first year on a given route. An increase in ability could positively bias the trend estimate. Removal of an observer's first year of observation on each route for the period 1966 to 1991 resulted in lower average unweighted trend estimates for 415 of 459 species (90%). These reductions were statistically significant for 213 species (46%). The average reduction in trend was 1.8% change per year (SD = 5.4%). In route-regression analysis, route data are weighted by a measure of precision. Removing first-year observer counts reduced the weighted trend estimate for 275 of 416 species (66%), but differences generally were small.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4088860","usgsCitation":"Kendall, W., Peterjohn, B., and Sauer, J., 1996, First-time observer effects in the North American Breeding Bird Survey: The Auk, v. 113, no. 4, p. 823-829, https://doi.org/10.2307/4088860.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"823","endPage":"829","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f33b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterjohn, B.G.","contributorId":25255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5200146,"text":"5200146 - 1996 - Planar PCB Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-13T09:53:40","indexId":"5200146","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":167,"text":"Contaminant Hazard Reviews","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"31","title":"Planar PCB Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","docAbstract":"Ecological and toxicological aspects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the environment are reviewed with emphasis on biologically active congeners and fish and wildlife. Subtopics include sources and uses, chemical and biochemical properties, concentrations in field collections, lethal and sublethal effects, and recommendations for the protection of sensitive resources. All production of PCBs in the United States ceased in 1977. Of the 1.2 million tons of PCBs manufactured to date, about 65% are still in use in electrical equipment and 31% in various environmental compartments, and 4% were degraded or incinerated. The 209 PCB congeners and their metabolites show wide differences in biological effects. A significant part of the toxicity associated with commercial PCB mixtures is related to the presence of about 20 planar congeners, i.e., congeners without chlorine substitution in the ortho position. Toxic planar congeners, like other PCB congeners, have been detected in virtually all analyzed samples, regardless of collection locale. Planar PCB concentrations were usually highest in samples from near urban areas and in fat and liver tissues, filter-feeding bivalve mollusks, fish-eating birds, and carnivorous marine mammals. Adverse effects of planar PCBs on growth, survival, and reproduction are highly variable because of numerous biotic and abiotic modifiers, including interaction with other chemicals. In general, embryos and juveniles were the most sensitive stages tested to planar PCBs, and the chinook salmon, domestic chicken, mink, rhesus macaque, and laboratory white rat were among the most sensitive species. for protection of natural resources, most authorities now recommend (1) analyzation of environmental samples for planar and other potentially hazardous congeners; (2) exposure studies with representative species and specific congeners, alone and in combination with other environmental contaminants; (3) clarification of existing structure-induction-metabolism relations; and (4) more research on physiological and biochemical indicators of PCB-stress.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Laurel, MD","usgsCitation":"Eisler, R., and Belisle, A.A., 1996, Planar PCB Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review: Contaminant Hazard Reviews 31, iv, 75.","productDescription":"iv, 75","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91943,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/eisler/CHR_31_Planar_PCBs.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6855e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisler, R.","contributorId":51869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisler","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belisle, A. A.","contributorId":77897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belisle","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5230231,"text":"5230231 - 1996 - Capture-recapture survival models taking account of transients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:22","indexId":"5230231","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:22","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":230,"text":"Universite Montpellier, Rapport de Rechereche de l'Unite de Biometrie","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"96-03","title":"Capture-recapture survival models taking account of transients","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Pradel, R., Hines, J., Lebreton, J., and Nichols, J., 1996, Capture-recapture survival models taking account of transients: Universite Montpellier, Rapport de Rechereche de l'Unite de Biometrie 96-03, 15.","productDescription":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5ef8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pradel, R.","contributorId":85692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pradel","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":343793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lebreton, J.D.","contributorId":104186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lebreton","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5210861,"text":"5210861 - 1996 - The management of hunting of Anatidae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5210861","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The management of hunting of Anatidae","docAbstract":"The objectives of harvest management for members of family Anatidae typically involve the size of the harvested population and the size of the harvest. Hunting regulations are the primary tool used to try to achieve the objectives of harvest management. Informed harvest management thus requires a knowledge of the relationship between hunting regulations and both Anatid abundance and harvest. Results of retrospective studies in North America provide evidence that generally restrictive regulations produce lower harvest rates than generally liberal regulations. However, such studies have provided little evidence that specific hunting regulations designed to produce a change in the relative harvest rates of different species, or of the sexes within a species, have been successful in 'directing' harvest toward specific groups of birds and away from other groups. Estimates of the strength of the relationship between harvest mortality rates and annual survival rates of Anatidae have ranged from weak to strong. Thus, the key relationships for harvest management of Anatidae, those between hunting regulations and the size of both the subsequent harvest and the subsequent population, are not 'known' but are characterized by uncertainty. In the United States, this uncertainty led to a risk-aversive conservatism that characterized the setting of hunting regulations during the last decade. Recently, managers have begun to consider using hunting regulations themselves as a means to better understand the system being managed. This approach, referred to as active adaptive management, attempts to balance short-term demands for hunting opportunity with the learning needed to improve long-term management performance. Learning is accomplished by periodically comparing observed system response, as estimated by ongoing survey and data collection programs, with predictions of competing models. These periodic comparisons lead to changes in measures of credibility associated with the different models and thus to a reduction in uncertainty. We suggest that this approach might be useful in other countries that have implemented requisite data collection programs for their Anatid populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Anatidae 2000 : an international conference on the conservation, habitat management and wise use of ducks, geese and swans = une conference internationale sur la conservation, la gestion des habitats et l'utilisation rationnelle des canards, des oies et des cygnes : Strasbourg, France, December 5-9, 1994 ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"OCLC: 37479871 PDF on file: 4993_Nichols.pdf","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., and Johnson, F., 1996, The management of hunting of Anatidae, chap. of Anatidae 2000 : an international conference on the conservation, habitat management and wise use of ducks, geese and swans = une conference internationale sur la conservation, la gestion des habitats et l'utilisation rationnelle des canards, des oies et des cygnes : Strasbourg, France, December 5-9, 1994 , p. 977-989.","startPage":"977","endPage":"989","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4814e4b07f02db4dac42","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Birkan, Marcel","contributorId":112716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birkan","given":"Marcel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507224,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Fred A.","contributorId":93863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70039554,"text":"70039554 - 1996 - National Digital Orthophoto Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-14T01:01:44","indexId":"70039554","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-08T13:21:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"National Digital Orthophoto Program","docAbstract":"A critical component of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) is Framework. Framework provides a base on which to collect, register, and integrate geospatial information accurately and consistently. The Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) proposed that Framework include geodetic control, orthoimagery, elevation, transportation, hydrography, governmental units, and cadastral data. The Mapping Science Committee of the National Research Council recommends that geodetic control, orthoimagery, and elevation data become the critical foundation of the NSDI. The National Digital Orthophoto Program (NDOP) is a working model on how Federal, State, and local government, as well as private industry, can participate to develop the orthoimagery Framework for the Nation.","language":"English","publisher":"USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039554","usgsCitation":"USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Farm Service Agency, National States Geographic Information Council, U.S. Forest Service, and Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, National Digital Orthophoto Program, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039554.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":259578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a61a9e4b0c8380cd71ac4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service","contributorId":127954,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service","id":535353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farm Service Agency","contributorId":127884,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Farm Service Agency","id":535351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"National States Geographic Information Council","contributorId":127907,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"National States Geographic Information Council","id":535352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"U.S. Forest Service","contributorId":128067,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Forest Service","id":535354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":27317,"text":"wri944220 - 1996 - Selected geochemical characteristics of ground water from the Marshall aquifer in the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-29T13:59:20","indexId":"wri944220","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4220","title":"Selected geochemical characteristics of ground water from the Marshall aquifer in the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan","docAbstract":"Chemistry and stable-isotope data for water from wells completed in the Marshall aquifer within the Michigan Basin were used to prepare maps that show area! variations of δ18O; distribution of dissolved solids, dissolved chloride, dissolved iron, and dissolved sulfate; and distribution of hydrochemical facies. Delta oxygen-18 values indicate the presence of modern meteoric water (δ18O approximately -10 parts per mil) as well as isotopically light meteoric water (δ18O less than -15 parts per mil). Isotopically light ground water is present in the Michigan Lowland. Dissolved-solids concentrations range from 273 to 412,000 milligrams per liter, and dissolved-chloride concentrations range from less than 10 to greater than 250,000 milligrams per liter. Dissolved-solids and dissolved-chloride concentrations increase toward the center of the study area. Dissolved-iron concentrations which range from less than 0.002 to 100 milligrams per liter, are low in the subcrop areas, and increase toward the center of the study area. Dissolved-sulfate concentrations range from 4.5 to 3,500 milligrams per liter and generally increase then decrease from the subcrop area toward the center of the study area. Most ground water in the Marshall aquifer is classified as either a calcium bicarbonate or a sodium chloride type.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri944220","usgsCitation":"Ging, P.B., Long, D.T., and Lee, R.W., 1996, Selected geochemical characteristics of ground water from the Marshall aquifer in the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4220, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944220.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56186,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4220/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4220/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Central lower peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": 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pbging@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-8448","contributorId":1788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ging","given":"Patricia","email":"pbging@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, David T.","contributorId":20364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":21708,"text":"ofr96517 - 1996 - Damage and restoration of geodetic infrastructure caused by the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-19T08:28:08","indexId":"ofr96517","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-517","title":"Damage and restoration of geodetic infrastructure caused by the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"We seek to restore the integrity of the geodetic network in the San Fernando, Simi, Santa Clarita Valleys and in the northern Los Angeles Basin by remeasurement of the network and identification of BMs which experienced non-tectonic displacements associated with the Northridge earthquake. We then use the observed displacement of BMs in the network to portray or predict the permanent vertical and horizontal deformation associated with the 1994 Northridge earthquake throughout the area, including sites where we lack geodetic measurements. To accomplish this, we find the fault geometry and earthquake slip that are most compatible with the geodetic and independent seismic observations of the earthquake. We then use that fault model to predict the deformation everywhere at the earth's surface, both at locations where geodetic observations exist and also where they are absent.
\nWe compare displacements predicted for a large number of numerical models of the earthquake faulting to the coseismic displacements, treating the earthquake fault as a cut or discontinuity embedded in a stiff elastic solid. This comparison is made after non-tectonic deformation has been removed from the measured elevation changes. The fault slip produces strain in the medium and deforms the ground surface. The model compatible with seismic observations that best fits the geodetic data within their uncertainties is selected. The acceptable model fault bisects the mainshock focus, and the earthquake size , magnitude, is compatible with the earthquake size measured seismically. Our fault model was used to identify geodetic monuments on engineered structures that were anomalously displaced by the earthquake.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96517","issn":"0566-8174","collaboration":"Produced in cooperation with the California Department of Transporation, the National Geodetic Survey, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Hodgkinson, K.M., Stein, R.S., Hudnut, K.W., Satalich, J., and Richards, J.H., 1996, Damage and restoration of geodetic infrastructure caused by the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-517, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96517.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1157,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0517/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":153905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr96517.jpg"},{"id":284192,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0517/fema/index.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Los Angeles Basin;San Fernando Valley;Santa Clarita Valley;Simi Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.2494,33.499 ], [ -119.2494,34.7489 ], [ -117.9355,34.7489 ], [ -117.9355,33.499 ], [ -119.2494,33.499 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e980","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodgkinson, Kathleen M.","contributorId":80179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkinson","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, Ross S. 0000-0001-7586-3933 rstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-3933","contributorId":2604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Ross","email":"rstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudnut, Kenneth W. 0000-0002-3168-4797 hudnut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-4797","contributorId":2550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Kenneth","email":"hudnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Satalich, Jay","contributorId":108023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Satalich","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richards, John H.","contributorId":34821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":28685,"text":"wri934220 - 1996 - Selected geochemical characteristics of ground water from the Saginaw aquifer in the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T21:38:31.91591","indexId":"wri934220","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4220","title":"Selected geochemical characteristics of ground water from the Saginaw aquifer in the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan","docAbstract":"Chemical and stable-isotope data of water from wells completed in the Saginaw aquifer in the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan were used to prepare maps that show areal variation of δ18O; distribution of dissolved solids, dissolved chloride, dissolved iron, dissolved sulfate; and distribution of hydrochemical facies. Delta oxygen-18 values indicate the presence of modern meteoric water (δ18O approximately -10 parts per thousand) and glacial-age meteoric water, which is isotopically light (δ18O less than -15 parts per thousand). Isotopically light ground water is present in the Saginaw Bay Area in the eastern part of the study area. Dissolved-solids concentration ranges from 41 to 92,300 milligrams per liter, and dissolved-chloride concentrations range from less than 1 to 55,000 milligrams per liter. Dissolved-solids and dissolved-chloride concentrations increase toward Saginaw Bay. Dissolved-iron and dissolved-sulfate concentration ranges from 0.01 to 7.80 and 0.2 to 3,500 milligrams per liter, respectively. Most ground water from the Saginaw aquifer is classified as calcium bicarbonate, calcium sulfate, or sodium chloride.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri934220","usgsCitation":"Meissner, B.D., Long, D.T., and Lee, R.W., 1996, Selected geochemical characteristics of ground water from the Saginaw aquifer in the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4220, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934220.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57525,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4220/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4220/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":407922,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47906.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Saginaw aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.5,\n 42.1667\n ],\n [\n -83.25,\n 42.1667\n ],\n [\n -83.25,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -85.5,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -85.5,\n 42.1667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa619","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meissner, B. D.","contributorId":35364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meissner","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, David T.","contributorId":20364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23552,"text":"ofr96208 - 1996 - Computer input and output files associated with ground-water-flow simulations of the Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico, 1901-94, with projections to 2020; (supplement one to U.S. Geological Survey Water-resources investigations report 94-4251)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:09","indexId":"ofr96208","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-208","title":"Computer input and output files associated with ground-water-flow simulations of the Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico, 1901-94, with projections to 2020; (supplement one to U.S. Geological Survey Water-resources investigations report 94-4251)","docAbstract":"This report presents the computer input files required to run the \r\nthree-dimensional ground-water-flow model of the Albuquerque Basin, \r\ncentral New Mexico, documented in Kernodle and others (Kernodle, J.M., \r\nMcAda, D.P., and Thorn, C.R., 1995, Simulation of ground-water flow in \r\nthe Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico, 1901-1994, with projections \r\nto 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report \r\n94-4251, 114 p.). Output files resulting from the computer simulations \r\nare included for reference.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"USGS ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Branch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96208","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Kernodle, J.M., 1996, Computer input and output files associated with ground-water-flow simulations of the Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico, 1901-94, with projections to 2020; (supplement one to U.S. Geological Survey Water-resources investigations report 94-4251): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-208, 1 computer cassette ;3 7/8 x 2 1/2 in. +1 booklet (iii, 5 p. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96208.","productDescription":"1 computer cassette ;3 7/8 x 2 1/2 in. +1 booklet (iii, 5 p. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0208/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52845,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0208/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7a4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kernodle, J. M.","contributorId":81139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kernodle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23553,"text":"ofr96210 - 1996 - Computer input and output files associated with ground-water-flow simulations of the Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico, 1901-95, with projections to 2020; (supplement three to U.S. Geological Survey Water-resources investigations report 94-4251)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:09","indexId":"ofr96210","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-210","title":"Computer input and output files associated with ground-water-flow simulations of the Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico, 1901-95, with projections to 2020; (supplement three to U.S. Geological Survey Water-resources investigations report 94-4251)","docAbstract":"This report presents the computer input files required to run the \r\nthree-dimensional ground-water-flow model of the Albuquerque Basin, \r\ncentral New Mexico, documented in Kernodle and others (Kernodle, J.M., \r\nMcAda, D.P., and Thorn, C.R., 1995, Simulation of ground-water flow in \r\nthe Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico, 1901-1994, with projections \r\nto 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report\r\n94-4251, 114 p.) and revised by Kernodle (Kernodle, J.M., 1998, Simulation \r\nof ground-water flow in the Albuquerque Basin, 1901-95, with projections \r\nto 2020 (supplement two to U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources \r\nInvestigations Report 94-4251): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report \r\n96-209, 54 p.). Output files resulting from the computer simulations are \r\nincluded for reference.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"USGS ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96210","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Kernodle, J.M., 1996, Computer input and output files associated with ground-water-flow simulations of the Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico, 1901-95, with projections to 2020; (supplement three to U.S. Geological Survey Water-resources investigations report 94-4251): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-210, 1 computer cassette ;3 7/8 x 2 1/2 in. +1 booklet (iii, 5 p. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96210.","productDescription":"1 computer cassette ;3 7/8 x 2 1/2 in. +1 booklet (iii, 5 p. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0210/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52846,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0210/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a79c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kernodle, J. M.","contributorId":81139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kernodle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5622,"text":"fs16296 - 1996 - South Florida High-accuracy elevation data collection project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-25T14:56:24.520293","indexId":"fs16296","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"162-96","displayTitle":"South Florida High-Accuracy Elevation Data Collection Project","title":"South Florida High-accuracy elevation data collection project","docAbstract":"The major issues facing ecosystem restoration and management in south Florida are centered on the availability and distribution of clean, fresh water. Surface water flow modeling studies are an important aspect of the scientific information needs of the ecosystem restoration initiative. Hydrologic models provide much needed predictive capabilities for evaluating options for management of parks, refuges, and lands planned for acquisition, as well as for understanding the impacts of land management practices in surrounding areas. Models must account for the expansive and extremely low relief terrain of south Florida, where surface waters of the natural system are transported by sheet flow from Lake Okeechobee through the Everglades to Florida Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. To model sheet flows, highly accurate elevation data that define the surface topography are required as the most critical input parameter to the Natural Systems Model and other hydrologic models. These data are necessary for calculating water surface slope, depth, velocity, and direction of flow. Hydrologists have stated vertical accuracy requirements of between 3 and 15 centimeters. These accuracy requirements are so stringent, because of the extremely flat terrain, that any standard or other currently available data products would not suffice for this modeling application.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs16296","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, South Florida High-accuracy elevation data collection project: U.S. Geological Survey Fact 1996–162, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs16296.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118357,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0162/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":283,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0162/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The urban centers of our Nation provide our people with seemingly unlimited employment, social, and cultural opportunities as a result of the complex interactions of a diverse population embedded in an highly-engineered environment. Catastrophic events in one or more of the natural earth systems which underlie or envelop urban environment can have radical effects on the integrity and survivability of that environment. Earthquakes have for centuries been the source of cataclysmic events on cities throughout the world. Unlike many other earth processes, the effects of major earthquakes transcend all political, social, and geomorphic boundaries and can have decided impact on cities tens to hundreds of kilometers from the epicenter. In modern cities, where buildings, transportation corridors, and lifelines are complexly interrelated, the life, economic, and social vulnerabilities in the face of a major earthquake can be particularly acute.
\nThe 1994 Northridge Earthquake was a major test for parts of what many consider the most earthquake-prepared and best-engineered metropolitan region in the United States. While the combined efforts of concerned professionals at all levels of government, academia, and the private sector have produced significant advances in our knowledge of the causes and potential effects of earthquakes, and of ways to reduce their impact, it remains unfortunately true that actual earthquakes provide important opportunities to test those advances in our knowledge.
\nIn the hours and days following the Northridge Earthquake, the four Federal member agencies of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) laid out a detailed plan for collecting, analyzing, archiving, and reporting information that would benefit the Nation in future earthquake hazards reduction efforts. Congress provided a special appropriation to FEMA to carry out this plan and FEMA distributed those funds to the four NEHRP agencies. The USGS was responsible for conducting geophysical and geological investigations in support of the NEHRP Post-earthquake Study.
\nFor the past 2 years, the USGS has rigorously pursued over 40 tasks focused on the USGS Northridge Earthquake Mission. This document is a summary report of the USGS findings; additional technical reports on specific USGS tasks are appearing in various scientific journals and USGS publications.
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