{"pageNumber":"1294","pageRowStart":"32325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":23450,"text":"ofr96116 - 1996 - Summary of ground-water and rainfall data for Tutuila and Aunuu Islands, Americn Samoa, for July, 1984 through September, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:18","indexId":"ofr96116","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-116","title":"Summary of ground-water and rainfall data for Tutuila and Aunuu Islands, Americn Samoa, for July, 1984 through September, 1995","docAbstract":"Ground-water and rainfall data for the period from July 1984 through September 1995 from the islands of Tutuila and Aunuu have been summarized in time-series graphs that can be used to analyze for historical trends. The data include pumpage and chloride concentrations from 50 production wells on Tutuila and 3 production wells on Aunuu, water-level measurements from 12 wells on Tutuila, and rainfall from 2 gages on Tutuila. Rainfall averaged 13.2 inches per month at the rain gage at Afono near Pioa Mountain and 17.6 inches per month at the rain gage at Aasufou over the period from 1984 to 1995. Late 1987 to early 1992 was a dry period with below- average rainfall, whereas rainfall in 1994 through September 1995 was higher than average. The Tafunafou-Malaeimi-Mesepa well field and the Leone-Malaeloa well field each pumped about 2.4 to 4 million gallons per day. Chloride concentrations of water pumped from the well fields were usually less than 500 milligrams per liter but chloride concentrations have exceeded 500 milligrams per liter during periods when rainfall was below average. Iliili wells pumped about 1.3 to 1.4 million gallons per day from four production wells, three of which had chloride concentrations under 200 milligrams per liter, and the fourth having chloride concentrations usually under 500 milligrams per liter. Water in wells at Aua, Fagaitua, Alofau, Alao, Tula, and Sailele had chloride concentrations frequently in excess of 500 milligrams per liter. Water levels at Aua during pumping dropped as low as 60 ft below sea level. Chloride concentrations at Fagaalu, and Aoa have remained below 200 milligrams per liter and chloride concentrations at Fagasa have usually remained below 500 milligrams per liter. These well fields have been pumped for less than 5 years at pumpage rates of less than 0.1 million gallons per day at each well field. The Fagatogo and Pago Pago well fields have each produced about 0.75 to 1.0 million gallons per day while maintaining chloride concentrations below 100 milligrams per liter. Water levels in monitor wells in these well fields have dropped below sea level on occasion. Chloride concentrations on Aunuu frequently exceeded 500 milligrams per liter and reached nearly 2,000 milligrams per liter since the wells began pumping in 1992 at a rate of 0.01 to 0.03 million gallons per day each.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96116","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Izuka, S.K., 1996, Summary of ground-water and rainfall data for Tutuila and Aunuu Islands, Americn Samoa, for July, 1984 through September, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-116, iv, 44 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96116.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0116/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52770,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0116/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698044","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izuka, S. K.","contributorId":39818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izuka","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24612,"text":"ofr96122 - 1996 - Contaminant concentrations in stormwater from eight lake Superior basin cities, 1993-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-16T13:20:57","indexId":"ofr96122","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-122","title":"Contaminant concentrations in stormwater from eight lake Superior basin cities, 1993-94","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey collected Stormwater samples from eight Lake Superior Basin cities to determine the quality of urban runoff entering Lake Superior from urban areas. The samples were collected during July 1993-September 1994 from storm sewers in Ishpeming, Negaunee, Sault Ste. Marie, and Houghton, Michigan; Virginia and Ribbing, Minnesota; and Ashland and Hurley, Wisconsin. Automated samplers were installed in manholes draining the selected sewers within each city. Water samples were collected for analyses of total recoverable metals, nutrients, and poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Concentrations of these constituents for each site are listed in data tables.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96122","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Steuer, J.J., Selbig, W., and Hornewer, N., 1996, Contaminant concentrations in stormwater from eight lake Superior basin cities, 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-122, iv, 16 p. ., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96122.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p. .","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0122/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53660,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin","city":"Ashland, Hibbing, Houghton, Hurley, Ishpeming, Negaunee, Sault Ste. Marie","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.3291015625,\n              48.356249029540706\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.01025390625,\n              47.754097979680026\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.833984375,\n              46.99524110694596\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.32861328125,\n              45.98169518512228\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.4716796875,\n              45.537136680398596\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.69189453125,\n              45.27488643704894\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3515625,\n              45.24395342262324\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.681640625,\n              45.66012730272194\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.00048828124999,\n              45.767522962149904\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.03369140625,\n              45.935870621190546\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.11083984375,\n              46.10370875598026\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.2978515625,\n              46.10370875598026\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.375,\n              46.195042108660154\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.75976562499999,\n              46.14939437647686\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.26513671875,\n              46.649436163350245\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.4736328125,\n              46.92025531537451\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.572265625,\n              46.7549166192819\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.3193359375,\n              46.89023157359399\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.9345703125,\n              47.08508535995384\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.4072265625,\n              47.41322033016902\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.00048828124999,\n              47.66538735632654\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.83544921874999,\n              47.41322033016902\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.58251953125,\n              47.14489748555398\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.97802734375,\n              46.99524110694596\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.50537109375,\n              47.2195681123155\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.25244140624999,\n              47.07012182383309\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.25244140624999,\n              47.487513008956554\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.3291015625,\n              48.356249029540706\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697211","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steuer, J. J.","contributorId":12430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steuer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selbig, W.R.","contributorId":102106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selbig","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hornewer, Nancy J.","contributorId":57895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornewer","given":"Nancy J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":22122,"text":"ofr9611 - 1996 - Review of Seismic Hazard Issues Associated with Auburn Dam Project, Sierra Nevada Foothills, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:59","indexId":"ofr9611","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-11","title":"Review of Seismic Hazard Issues Associated with Auburn Dam Project, Sierra Nevada Foothills, California","docAbstract":"Summary -- The U.S. Geological Survey was requested by the U.S. Department of the Interior to review the design values and the issue of reservoir-induced seismicity for a concrete gravity dam near the site of the previously-proposed Auburn Dam in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada, central California. The dam is being planned as a flood-control-only dam with the possibility of conversion to a permanent water-storage facility. As a basis for planning studies the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is using the same design values approved by the Secretary of the Interior in 1979 for the original Auburn Dam. These values were a maximum displacement of 9 inches on a fault intersecting the dam foundation, a maximum earthquake at the site of magnitude 6.5, a peak horizontal acceleration of 0.64 g, and a peak vertical acceleration of 0.39 g. In light of geological and seismological investigations conducted in the western Sierran foothills since 1979 and advances in the understanding of how earthquakes are caused and how faults behave, we have developed the following conclusions and recommendations: \r\n\r\nMaximum Displacement. Neither the pre-1979 nor the recent observations of faults in the Sierran foothills precisely define the maximum displacement per event on a fault intersecting the dam foundation. Available field data and our current understanding of surface faulting indicate a range of values for the maximum displacement. This may require the consideration of a design value larger than 9 inches. We recommend reevaluation of the design displacement using current seismic hazard methods that incorporate uncertainty into the estimate of this design value. \r\n\r\nMaximum Earthquake Magnitude. There are no data to indicate that a significant change is necessary in the use of an M 6.5 maximum earthquake to estimate design ground motions at the dam site. However, there is a basis for estimating a range of maximum magnitudes using recent field information and new statistical fault relations. We recommend reevaluating the maximum earthquake magnitude using current seismic hazard methodology. \r\n\r\nDesign Ground Motions. A large number of strong-motion records have been acquired and significant advances in understanding of ground motion have been achieved since the original evaluations. The design value for peak horizontal acceleration (0.64 g) is larger than the median of one recent study and smaller than the median value of another. The value for peak vertical acceleration (0.39 g) is somewhat smaller than median values of two recent studies. We recommend a reevaluation of the design ground motions that takes into account new ground motion data with particular attention to rock sites at small source distances. \r\n\r\nReservoir-Induced Seismicity. The potential for reservoir-induced seismicity must be considered for the Auburn Darn project. A reservoir-induced earthquake is not expected to be larger than the maximum naturally occurring earthquake. However, the probability of an earthquake may be enhanced by reservoir impoundment. A flood-control-only project may involve a lower probability of significant induced seismicity than a multipurpose water-storage dam. There is a need to better understand and quantify the likelihood of this hazard. A methodology should be developed to quantify the potential for reservoir induced seismicity using seismicity data from the Sierran foothills, new worldwide observations of induced and triggered seismicity, and current understanding of the earthquake process. \r\n\r\nReevaluation of Design Parameters. The reevaluation of the maximum displacement, maximum magnitude earthquake, and design ground motions can be made using available field observations from the Sierran foothills, updated statistical relations for faulting and ground motions, and current computational seismic hazard methodologies that incorporate uncertainty into the analysis. The reevaluation does not require significant new geological field studies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr9611","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, D.P., Joyner, W.B., Stein, R., Brown, R., McGarr, A., Hickman, S., and Bakun, W.H., 1996, Review of Seismic Hazard Issues Associated with Auburn Dam Project, Sierra Nevada Foothills, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-11, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9611.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0011/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":9955,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-011/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51571,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0011/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6041a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":52968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joyner, W. B.","contributorId":70746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyner","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, R.D.","contributorId":73221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGarr, A.F.","contributorId":72408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hickman, S.H. 0000-0003-2075-9615","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":16027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"S.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":24075,"text":"ofr9664 - 1996 - Thermal maturity data used for the assessment of gas resources in the Wind River basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:19","indexId":"ofr9664","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-64","title":"Thermal maturity data used for the assessment of gas resources in the Wind River basin, Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9664","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Nuccio, V., Finn, T., and Johnson, R.C., 1996, Thermal maturity data used for the assessment of gas resources in the Wind River basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-64, 57 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9664.","productDescription":"57 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0064/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53243,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0064/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62df40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nuccio, V. F.","contributorId":7713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuccio","given":"V. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, T.M. 0000-0001-6396-9351","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-9351","contributorId":65495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, R. C. 0000-0002-6197-5165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":101621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":191277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24729,"text":"ofr95362 - 1996 - Digital hydrographic, land use/land cover, and hydrologic unit boundary files for the Death Valley region of southern Nevada and southeastern California processed from U.S. Geological Survey 1:100,000- and 1:250,000-scale digital data files","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:22","indexId":"ofr95362","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-362","title":"Digital hydrographic, land use/land cover, and hydrologic unit boundary files for the Death Valley region of southern Nevada and southeastern California processed from U.S. Geological Survey 1:100,000- and 1:250,000-scale digital data files","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;","doi":"10.3133/ofr95362","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Turner, A.K., D’Agnese, F.A., and Faunt, C., 1996, Digital hydrographic, land use/land cover, and hydrologic unit boundary files for the Death Valley region of southern Nevada and southeastern California processed from U.S. Geological Survey 1:100,000- and 1:250,000-scale digital data files: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-362, iv, 21 :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95362.","productDescription":"iv, 21 :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0362/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53756,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0362/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65acdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turner, A. K.","contributorId":82351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Agnese, F. A.","contributorId":6096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Agnese","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faunt, C.C. 0000-0001-5659-7529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":103314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":192455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4722,"text":"twri06A6 - 1996 - A coupled surface-water and ground-water flow model (MODBRANCH) for simulation of stream-aquifer interaction","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":21072,"text":"ofr92138 - 1993 - A coupled surface-water and ground-water flow model for simulation of stream-aquifer interaction","indexId":"ofr92138","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"A coupled surface-water and ground-water flow model for simulation of stream-aquifer interaction"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4722,"text":"twri06A6 - 1996 - A coupled surface-water and ground-water flow model (MODBRANCH) for simulation of stream-aquifer interaction","indexId":"twri06A6","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"A coupled surface-water and ground-water flow model (MODBRANCH) for simulation of stream-aquifer interaction"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:32","indexId":"twri06A6","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"06-A6","title":"A coupled surface-water and ground-water flow model (MODBRANCH) for simulation of stream-aquifer interaction","docAbstract":"Ground-water and surface-water flow models traditionally have been developed separately, with interaction between subsurface flow and streamflow either not simulated at all or accounted for by simple formulations. In areas with dynamic and hydraulically well-connected ground-water and surface-water systems, stream-aquifer interaction should be simulated using deterministic responses of both systems coupled at the stream-aquifer interface. Accordingly, a new coupled ground-water and surface-water model was developed by combining the U.S. Geological Survey models MODFLOW and BRANCH; the interfacing code is referred to as MODBRANCH. MODFLOW is the widely used modular three-dimensional, finite-difference ground-water model, and BRANCH is a one-dimensional numerical model commonly used to simulate unsteady flow in open- channel networks.\r\nMODFLOW was originally written with the River package, which calculates leakage between the aquifer and stream, assuming that the stream's stage remains constant during one model stress period. A simple streamflow routing model has been added to MODFLOW, but is limited to steady flow in rectangular, prismatic channels. To overcome these limitations, the BRANCH model, which simulates unsteady, nonuniform flow by solving the St. Venant equations, was restructured and incorporated into MODFLOW. Terms that describe leakage between stream and aquifer as a function of streambed conductance and differences in aquifer and stream stage were added to the continuity equation in BRANCH. Thus, leakage between the aquifer and stream can be calculated separately in each model, or leakages calculated in BRANCH can be used in MODFLOW. Total mass in the coupled models is accounted for and conserved.\r\nThe BRANCH model calculates new stream stages for each time interval in a transient simulation based on upstream boundary conditions, stream properties, and initial estimates of aquifer heads. Next, aquifer heads are calculated in MODFLOW based on stream stages calculated by BRANCH, aquifer properties, and stresses. This process is repeated until convergence criteria are met for head and stage. Because time steps used in ground-water modeling can be much longer than time intervals used in surface- water simulations, provision has been made for handling multiple BRANCH time intervals within one MODFLOW time step. An option was also added to BRANCH to allow the simulation of channel drying and rewetting. Testing of the coupled model was verified by using data from previous studies; by comparing results with output from a simpler, four-point implicit, open-channel flow model linked with MODFLOW; and by comparison to field studies of L-31N canal in southern Florida.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/twri06A6","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Swain, E.D., and Wexler, E.J., 1996, A coupled surface-water and ground-water flow model (MODBRANCH) for simulation of stream-aquifer interaction: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 06-A6, ix, 125 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri06A6.","productDescription":"ix, 125 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri6a6/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b26e4b07f02db6afc01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wexler, Eliezer J.","contributorId":99963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wexler","given":"Eliezer","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27284,"text":"wri944173 - 1996 - Temporal changes in the configuration of the water table in the vicinity of the management systems evaluation area site, central Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T15:56:26","indexId":"wri944173","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4173","title":"Temporal changes in the configuration of the water table in the vicinity of the management systems evaluation area site, central Nebraska","docAbstract":"To improve understanding of the hydrologic characteristics of the shallow aquifer in the vicinity of the Management Systems Evaluation Area site near Shelton, Nebraska, water levels were measured in approximately 130 observation wells in both June and September 1991. Two water-table maps and a water-level-change map were drawn on the basis of these measurements. In addition, historical data from U.S. Geological Survey computer files and published reports were used to determine the approximate configuration of the water table in 1931 and to draw one short-term and two-long term water- level hydrographs. Comparison of the three water- table maps indicates general similarities. The average horizontal hydraulic gradient in the shallow aquifer is about 7.5 feet per mile, and the flow direction is to the east-northeast. The water table declined 2 to 10 feet between June and September 1991, with the greatest decline occurring in a wedge-shaped area south of the Wood River and north of the Platte River. The 1991 water-table configurations appear to indicate that the aquifer either was discharging to the Platte River in this reach or there was little flow between the river and the aquifer. Comparison of the 1931 and 1991 water-table maps indicates that, except for short-term variations, the water-table configuration changed little during this 61-year period. Two long-term water-level hydrographs confirm this conclusion, indicating that the shallow aquifer in this area has been in long-term, dynamic equilibrium.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri944173","usgsCitation":"Kilpatrick, J.M., 1996, Temporal changes in the configuration of the water table in the vicinity of the management systems evaluation area site, central Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4173, 1 Plate: 39.36 x 39.77 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944173.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 39.36 x 39.77 inches","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4173/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":278847,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4173/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Platte River, Wood River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.916667,40.666667 ], [ -98.916667,40.833333 ], [ -98.633333,40.833333 ], [ -98.633333,40.666667 ], [ -98.916667,40.666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68559e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kilpatrick, John M. 0000-0002-1180-3752 jmkilpat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1180-3752","contributorId":1010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilpatrick","given":"John","email":"jmkilpat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":197850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23445,"text":"ofr9643 - 1996 - Field test of two single-frequency GPS receivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-06T13:04:51","indexId":"ofr9643","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-43","title":"Field test of two single-frequency GPS receivers","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey's Cascades Volcano Observatory (CVO) has been testing low-cost, low-power Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers for use in the monitoring of restless volcanoes. Field tests of two single-frequency (L1 only) receivers, the Ashtech SCA-12S and the Leica SR261 show that these units can measure positions precisely enough to meet our monitoring needs. For line lengths up to 10 kilometers, I have found repeatibilities to be less than a centimeter for horizontal coordinates. Hourly data using broadcast orbits was processed using manufacturer and Bernese software. Repeatibilities were similar for both data sets.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9643","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Iwatsubo, E., 1996, Field test of two single-frequency GPS receivers: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-43, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9643.","productDescription":"21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0043/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52765,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0043/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4c1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iwatsubo, E.Y.","contributorId":20753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwatsubo","given":"E.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24470,"text":"ofr96143 - 1996 - Hydrology of the Wolf Branch sinkhole basin, Lake County, east-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:09","indexId":"ofr96143","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-143","title":"Hydrology of the Wolf Branch sinkhole basin, Lake County, east-central Florida","docAbstract":"A 4-year study of the hydrology of the Wolf Branch sinkhole basin in Lake County, Florida, was conducted from 1991-95 by the U.S. Geological Survey to provide information about the hydrologic characteristics of the drainage basin in the vicinity of Wolf Sink. Wolf Branch drains a 4.94 square mile area and directly recharges the Upper Floridan aquifer through Wolf Sink. Because of the direct connection of the sinkhole with the aquifer, a contaminant spill in the basin could pose a threat to the aquifer. The Wolf Branch drainage basin varies in hydrologic characteristics from its headwaters to its terminus at Wolf Sink. Ground- water seepage provides baseflow to the stream north of Wolf Branch Road, but the stream south of State Road 46 is intermittent and the stream can remain dry for months. A single culvert under a railroad crossing conducts flow from wetlands just south of State Road 46 to a well-defined channel which leads to Wolf Sink. The basin morphology is characterized by karst terrain, with many closed depressions which can provide intermittent surface-water storage. Wetlands in the lower third of the basin (south of State Road 46) also provide surface water storage. The presence of numerous water-control structures (impoundments, canals, and culverts), and the surface-water storage capacity throughout the basin affects the flow characteristics of Wolf Branch. Streamflow records for two stations (one above and one below major wetlands in the basin) indicate the flow about State Road 46 is characterized by rapid runoff and continuous baseflow, whereas below State Road 46, peak discharges are much lower but of longer duration than at the upstream station. Rainfall, discharge, ground-water level, and surface-water level data were collected at selected sites in the basin. Hydrologic conditions during the study ranged from long dry periods when there was no inflow to Wolf Sink, to very wet periods, as when nearly 7 inches of rain fell in a 2-day period in November 1994, following an extended wet season. A comparison to long-term rainfall record (40 years) indicates that this range in hydrologic conditions during the 4-year study is representative of the range of conditions expected during a much longer time period. Two dye-trace studies conducted during the study indicated no direct connections between the sink and local wells. The path of a constituent entering the aquifer through Wolf Sink generally would be to the east, following the gradient of the regional ground-water flow system. The conductance of Wolf Sink (the rate at which the sink conducts water to the underlying aquifer) was estimated from streamflow data, ground-water levels, and water levels in Wolf Sink. The range of hydrologic conditions during the study provided a basis for the determination of a representative conductance value. The regression of streamflow as a function of head difference between the sink water level and the potentiometric surface at an observation well (an approximation of the potentiometric level beneath Wolf Sink) resulted in a significant relation r2=0.91, mean square error = 1.60 cubic feet per second); and the slope of the regression line, representing sink conductance, was 1.48 cubic feet per second per foot of head difference. Flow and storm-volume frequency curves for selected time periods (1-day, 7-days, 14-days, 21-days, and 30-days) were generated based on streamflow data from January 10, 1992, to September 30, 1995. These curves indicate that, based on the available record, the volume of water that would have to be stored (in the event that streamflow had to be diverted from Wolf Sink) during a 30-day period would be equal to or less than about 11 acre-fee 30 percent of the time and 161 acre-feet 80 percent of the time. The maximum volume that would be generated during a 30-day period, based on this study, would be about 570 acre-feet.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96143","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Schiffer, D., 1996, Hydrology of the Wolf Branch sinkhole basin, Lake County, east-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-143, iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96143.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0143/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53536,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0143/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdb68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schiffer, D. M.","contributorId":102103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiffer","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22462,"text":"ofr9669 - 1996 - Global volcanic earthquake swarm database 1979-1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T10:22:47","indexId":"ofr9669","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-69","title":"Global volcanic earthquake swarm database 1979-1989","docAbstract":"<p>Earthquake swarms are pervasive at volcanoes, but have seldom been studied systematically. Most swarms that are described in the literature are those that occurred in association with eruptions; indeed, earthquake swarms are the most reliable method of forecasting eruptions. For the purpose of this report, a swarm is defined as many earthquakes of the same size occurring in a small volume. Swarms are different in these two ways from a mainshock-aftershock sequence or a foreshock-mainshock-aftershock sequence (fig. 1). Swarms are especially common in volcanic areas</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9669","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Benoit, J., and McNutt, S., 1996, Global volcanic earthquake swarm database 1979-1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-69, 333 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9669.","productDescription":"333 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0069/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51984,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0069/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db6748b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benoit, J.P.","contributorId":102912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benoit","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNutt, S.R.","contributorId":26722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":39630,"text":"pp1404I - 1996 - Hydrogeologic framework of the North Carolina coastal plain","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16592,"text":"ofr87690 - 1989 - Hydrogeologic framework of the North Carolina Coastal Plain aquifer system","indexId":"ofr87690","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the North Carolina Coastal Plain aquifer system"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39630,"text":"pp1404I - 1996 - Hydrogeologic framework of the North Carolina coastal plain","indexId":"pp1404I","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the North Carolina coastal plain"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-17T19:50:05.684131","indexId":"pp1404I","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1404","chapter":"I","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the North Carolina coastal plain","docAbstract":"The hydrogeologic framework of the North Carolina Coastal Plain aquifer system consists of 10 aquifers separated by 9 confining units. From top to bottom, the aquifers are the surficial aquifer, Yorktown aquifer, Pungo River aquifer, Castle Hayne aquifer, Beaufort aquifer, Peedee aquifer, Black Creek aquifer, upper Cape Fear aquifer, lower Cape Fear aquifer, and Lower Cretaceous aquifer. The uppermost aquifer (the surficial aquifer in most places) is a water-table aquifer, and the bottom of the system is underlain by crystalline bedrock.\r\n\r\nThe sedimentary deposits forming the aquifers are of Holocene to Cretaceous age and are composed mostly of sand, with lesser amounts of gravel and limestone. The confining units between the aquifers are composed primarily of clay and silt. The thickness of the aquifers ranges from zero along the Fall Line to more than 10,000 feet at Cape Hatteras. Prominent structural features are the increasing easterly homoclinal dip of the sediments and the Cape Fear arch, the axis of which trends in a southeast direction.\r\n\r\nStratigraphic continuity was determined from correlations of 161 geophysical logs along with data from drillers? and geologists? logs. Aquifers were defined by means of these logs as well as water-level and water-quality data and evidence of the continuity of pumping effects. Eighteen hydrogeologic sections depict the correlation of these aquifers throughout the North Carolina Coastal Plain.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1404I","usgsCitation":"Winner, M.D., and Coble, R.W., 1996, Hydrogeologic framework of the North Carolina coastal plain: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1404, Report: 106 p.; 24 Plates: 52.00 x 25.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1404I.","productDescription":"Report: 106 p.; 24 Plates: 52.00 x 25.00 inches or 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      -80.386962890625,\n              34.813803317113155\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a2c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winner, M. D. Jr.","contributorId":51766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winner","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coble, R. W.","contributorId":49380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coble","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":38225,"text":"pp1387 - 1996 - Direct temperature measurements of deposits, Mount St. Helens, Washington, 1980-1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T14:02:27","indexId":"pp1387","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1387","title":"Direct temperature measurements of deposits, Mount St. Helens, Washington, 1980-1981","docAbstract":"<p>A program of temperature studies of the eruptive products of Mount St. Helens was established May 20, 1980, 2 days after the catastrophic eruption of May 18. Temperature-depth profiles were measured by thermocouple to determine the emplacement temperatures of deposits of the debris avalanche and blast of May 18 and of deposits of the pyroclastic flows of May 18, May 25, June 12, July 22, August 7, and October 17, 1980. </p><p>At some of the localities where deposits had cooled appreciably before measurement, emplacement temperatures were recovered mathematically from data gathered from observations of the cooling histories of the deposits. In addition, methodologies and specialized temperature-measuring equipment were developed to maximize efficiency in data collection and to minimize risk to personnel. </p><p>In general, the more recent eruptive deposits were emplaced at higher temperatures than the earlier ones. Emplacement temperatures of deposits of the debris avalanche ranged from about 70 to 100°C. Temperatures of deposits of the blast ranged from about 100 to 325°C and varied with the azimuth of the measurement site from the vent; the higher temperatures were measured in the northeast sector. Emplacement temperatures of the later pumiceous pyroclastic-flow deposits ranged from about 300 to 680°C, and temperatures in nearvent facies were about 750 to 850°C. </p><p>The most important features shown by the data obtained from the deposits produced by the blast are (1) their generally lower temperature relative to deposits emplaced by the subsequent pumiceous pyroclastic flows, attributed to relatively low temperatures of the cryptodome and admixing of significant amounts of accidental material and air; (2) an azimuthal variation of emplacement temperatures, hotter toward the east, attributed to thermal inhomogeneities in the source material and differential cooling associated with differing grain sizes and terrains over which the blast traveled; (3) emplacement temperatures that exhibited little change with distance from the vent to distances as great as 20 km, attributed to little cooling along the path, preferential elutriation of the cooler, finer particles, preferential interaction between air and the blast material at the head of the flow, and production of heat during the flow, possibly by friction; (4) thermal stratigraphy observed in some of the ponded pyroclastic-flow deposits in major valleys, attributed in part to a grain-size effect (finer upward) and in part to longer residence of the younger deposits as veneer deposits on the adjacent ridges before their secondary mobilization into the valleys; and (5) temperatures in the veneer deposits and moving blast cloud that were possibly higher than emplacement temperatures of the ponded pyroclastic-flow deposits. </p><p>The most important features shown by the data obtained from the postblast, pumiceous pyroclastic-flow deposits are (1) generally hotter deposits in the later eruptions than in the earlier ones, attributed to less admixing of the pyroclastic material with air because of the observed progressive decrease in vigor of the successive eruptions; (2) little heat loss (100-200°C) of near-vent material during eruption, as predicted by simple adiabatic expansion; (3) little downflow cooling in the deposits after the first several hundred meters of travel, attributed to the same factors proposed for the blast deposits; (4) multiple flow units that were emplaced at different temperatures by most of the eruptions, attributed to differential cooling through differing amounts of admixed air in accordance with the vigor of the individual eruptive pulses; and (5) cooler material in the ash-cloud deposits than in the source pyroclastic flows because of more effective cooling of the elutriated finer material by the admixed air. </p><p>Descriptions of the materials and methods we used, and the tabular data and temperature-depth profiles that support our findings, are included as appendices.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1387","usgsCitation":"Banks, N.G., and Hoblitt, R.P., 1996, Direct temperature measurements of deposits, Mount St. Helens, Washington, 1980-1981: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1387, iv, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1387.","productDescription":"iv, 76 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1387/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64552,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1387/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64abf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Norman G.","contributorId":89524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoblitt, Richard P. rhoblitt@usgs.gov","contributorId":1937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"Richard","email":"rhoblitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":219373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24546,"text":"ofr96148 - 1996 - Peak data for U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations, Texas network and computer program to estimate peak-streamflow frequency","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T15:02:49","indexId":"ofr96148","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-148","title":"Peak data for U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations, Texas network and computer program to estimate peak-streamflow frequency","docAbstract":"<p>About 23,000 annual peak streamflows and about 400 historical peak streamflows exist for about 950 stations in the surface-water data-collection network of Texas. These data are presented on a computer diskette along with the corresponding dates, gage heights, and information concerning the basin, and nature or cause for the flood. Also on the computer diskette is a U.S. Geological Survey computer program that estimates peak-streamflow frequency based on annual and historical peak streamflow. The program estimates peak streamflow for 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals and is based on guidelines established by the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data. Explanations are presented for installing the program, and an example is presented with discussion of its options.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96148","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Slade, R., and Asquith, W., 1996, Peak data for U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations, Texas network and computer program to estimate peak-streamflow frequency: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-148, Report: iii, 57 p.; Application Site, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96148.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 57 p.; Application Site","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0148/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53592,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0148/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277643,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0148/application.zip"}],"publicComments":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slade, R.M.","contributorId":84364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asquith, W.H.","contributorId":87980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22819,"text":"ofr95366 - 1996 - Bridge-scour instrumentation and data for nine sites in Oregon, 1991-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:55:22","indexId":"ofr95366","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-366","title":"Bridge-scour instrumentation and data for nine sites in Oregon, 1991-94","docAbstract":"<p>This report is a compilation of bridge-scour instrumentation information, bridge-scour data, and hydraulic data for nine sites studied in Oregon from October 1991 through September 1994. The Alsea Bay scour monitoring site was established to test new bridge-scour monitoring equipment, whereas the eight additional sites were established to monitor scour-hole elevations around piers and footings. These data were collected in cooperation with the Oregon Department of Transportation.</p>\n<p>Sonar depth sounders, scour chains, and scour detection arrays were tested during this study; however; all of the bridge-scour data collected were from sonar scour-monitoring devices. Scour was observed at three sites during the period while the nine scour-monitoring sites were in operation. Work on the project is continuing, and includes testing of new scour-monitoring devices in addition to bridge-scour data collection.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/ofr95366","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with the Oregon Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Crumrine, M.D., Lee, K.K., and Kittelson, R.L., 1996, Bridge-scour instrumentation and data for nine sites in Oregon, 1991-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-366, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95366.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"1994-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":52249,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0366/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.02 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,{"id":28524,"text":"wri964007 - 1996 - Variations in land use and nonpoint-source contamination on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, west-central North Dakota, 1990-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T15:22:58","indexId":"wri964007","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4007","title":"Variations in land use and nonpoint-source contamination on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, west-central North Dakota, 1990-93","docAbstract":"<p>The effects of land-use activities on the water quality of five streams on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation were evaluated. The five basinsevaluated were East Fork Shell Creek, Deepwater Creek, Bear Den Creek, Moccasin Creek, and Squaw Creek. East Fork Shell Creek and DeepwaterCreek Basins are located east of Lake Sakakawea and Bear Den Creek, Moccasin Creek, and Squaw Creek Basins are located west of the lake. Land-use data for the five selected basins on and adjacent to the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation were obtained for 1990-92. Discharge measurements were made and water-quality samples were collected at stations and sites on each of the five streams during October 1991 through September 1993. </p><p>Analysis of land-use data indicated that prairie was the largest land-use category in the study area. More prairie acreage was found in the basins located west of Lake Sakakawea than in the basins located east of the lake. Wheat was the predominant crop in the study area. More wheat acreage was found in the basins located east of Lake Sakakawea than in the basins located west of the lake. </p><p>Discharge data for the five selected streams indicated that all of thestreams were ephemeral and had many days of no flow during the study period. High flows were usually the result of spring runoff or intense storms over the basins. East Fork Shell Creek and Deepwater Creek with larger basins and flatter stream slopes had high flows characterized by rapidly rising flows and gradually receding flows. In contrast, Bear DenCreek, Moccasin Creek, and Squaw Creek with smaller basins and steeper stream slopes had high flows characterized by rapidly rising flows and receding flows of shorter duration. </p><p>Analysis of water-quality samples indicated concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and total organic carbon varied throughout the study area. Nitrogen concentrations were larger in the streams located east of LakeSakakawea than in the streams located west of the lake. The largest nitrogen concentrations in all of the streams occurred during the nongrowing periods.Phosphorus (orthophosphate and total phosphorus)concentrations were larger in the streams located east of Lake Sakakawea than in the streams located west of the lake. The larger orthophosphateconcentrations in the eastern streams may be indicative of insecticide application in the eastern streams' basins. Total organic carbon concentrations were fairly consistent in all five streams. </p><p>Water-quality samples were analyzed for the pesticides atrazine, carbofuran, cyanazine, and 2,4-D by using immunoassay testing. Pesticide concentrations above the minimum reporting levels were more prevalent insamples from streams located east of Lake Sakakawea than in the streams located west of the lake. The eastern streams drain areas where herbicides were applied to crops. </p><p>Fecal-bacteria concentrations were larger in the streams located west of Lake Sakakawea, where prairie is more dominant, than in the streams located east of the lake. The larger concentrations and loads were associated with intense storm events and the presence of livestock.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964007","usgsCitation":"Macek-Rowland, K., and Lent, R.M., 1996, Variations in land use and nonpoint-source contamination on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, west-central North Dakota, 1990-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4007, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964007.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57322,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a617","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macek-Rowland, Kathleen","contributorId":90321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macek-Rowland","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lent, Robert M. rmlent@usgs.gov","contributorId":284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lent","given":"Robert","email":"rmlent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27143,"text":"wri954212 - 1996 - Evaluation of the Surface-Water Quantity, Surface-Water Quality, and Rainfall Data-Collection Programs in Hawaii, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri954212","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4212","title":"Evaluation of the Surface-Water Quantity, Surface-Water Quality, and Rainfall Data-Collection Programs in Hawaii, 1994","docAbstract":"This report documents the results of an evaluation of the surface-water quantity, surface-water quality, and rainfall data-collection programs in Hawaii. Fourteen specific issues and related goals were identified for the surface-water quantity program and a geographic information systems (GIS) data base was developed summarizing information for all surface-water stream gages that have been operated in Hawaii by the U.S. Geological Survey. Changes in status, which for some gages includes discontinuing operation, need to be considered at 42 sites where data are currently collected.\r\n\r\nThe current surface-water quantity data base was determined to be adequate to address only two of the 14 specific issues and related goals. Alternatives were identified to address the areas where future issues and goals could not be adequately addressed. Options include new and expanded data collection, use of regional regression analyses, hydrologic and hydraulic modeling, and analysis and publication of existing data. A total of 47 streams were identified where additional stream-gaging stations are needed.\r\n\r\nEvaluation of the surface-water quality program was limited to a description of the U.S. Geological Survey's historical and existing programs and available analyses of data. Limitations of the program are described which primarily included lack of data regarding suspended sediment, land-use effects, quality of stream discharge to oceans, background water quality and nonpoint sources of contamination. \r\nEvaluation of the rainfall data program indicated that identified future goals could be discussed as either regional, systems related, current needs, forecasting, water quality, or trend analysis related.\r\n\r\nTo address these goals, data from about 2,000 rain gages, 528 of which are active, are available. Data were found to only partially meet identified goals. Alternatives discussed to address the limitations include the need for more recording gages, primarily in areas of high rainfall. Another area of concern was the potential that many plantations will close and the effect these closings would have on continued operation of the important long-term gages they operate.\r\n\r\nEvaluation of data-collection programs in Hawaii needs to be an ongoing process. Equally important, data being collected need to be summarized and made available through data bases and published reports.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri954212","usgsCitation":"Fontaine, R.A., 1996, Evaluation of the Surface-Water Quantity, Surface-Water Quality, and Rainfall Data-Collection Programs in Hawaii, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4212, v, 125 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954212.","productDescription":"v, 125 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4212/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56019,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4212/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56020,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4212/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56021,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4212/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56022,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4212/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56023,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4212/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56024,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4212/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56025,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4212/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5edfa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fontaine, Richard A. rfontain@usgs.gov","contributorId":2379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontaine","given":"Richard","email":"rfontain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":197630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24835,"text":"ofr96123 - 1996 - Summary of the land-use inventory for the nonpoint-source evaluation monitoring watersheds in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-16T12:15:49","indexId":"ofr96123","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-123","title":"Summary of the land-use inventory for the nonpoint-source evaluation monitoring watersheds in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>In 1992, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a land-use inventory to identify sources of pollutants and track the land-management changes for eight evaluation monitoring watersheds established as part of the WDNR's Nonpoint Source Program. Each evaluation monitoring watershed is within a WDNR priority watershed. The U.S. Geological Survey is responsible for collection of water-quality data in the evaluation monitoring watersheds. An initial inventory was completed for each of the WDNR priority watersheds before nonpoint-source plans were developed for the control of nonpoint pollution. The land-use inventory described in this report expands upon the initial inventory by including nonpoint pollution sources that were not identified and also by updating changes in landuse and land-management practices. New sources of nonpoint pollution, not identified in the initial inventory, could prove to be important when monitored and modeled data are analyzed. This effort to inventory the evaluation monitoring watersheds will help with the interpretation of future land-use and water-quality data. This report describes landuse inventory methods, presents results of the inventory, and lists proposed future activities.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96123","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Wierl, J., Rappold, K., and Amerson, F., 1996, Summary of the land-use inventory for the nonpoint-source evaluation monitoring watersheds in Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-123, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96123.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science 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,{"id":24886,"text":"ofr95775 - 1996 - Bibliography of selected water-resources publications by the U.S. Geological Survey for North Carolina, 1886-1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T12:52:38","indexId":"ofr95775","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-775","title":"Bibliography of selected water-resources publications by the U.S. Geological Survey for North Carolina, 1886-1995","docAbstract":"More than 660 selected publications, written by scientists, engineers, and technicians of the U.S. Geological Survey during the period 1886-1995, compose the bulk of information about North Carolina?s water resources. The bibliography includes interpretive reports on water resources, ground water, surface water, water quality, and public-water supply and water use, as well as data reports on the same subjects. The interpretive reports are organized by geographic areas of the State. These areas include statewide, physiographic province, major river basin, and county.\r\n\r\nThe data reports are listed by water-resource topic, and the introduction to each topic provides historical notes for data-collection and publication activities. Summary tables list Water-Supply Paper numbers for reports containing ground-water, surface-water, and water-quality data by calendar year or water year. A concluding section discusses the availability of U.S. Geological Survey publications.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95775","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Winner, M.D., 1996, Bibliography of selected water-resources publications by the U.S. Geological Survey for North Carolina, 1886-1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-775, iv, 104 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95775.","productDescription":"iv, 104 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0775/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53874,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0775/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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,{"id":24799,"text":"ofr95733 - 1996 - Stormwater-runoff data, Madison, Wisconsin, 1993-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-16T13:31:20","indexId":"ofr95733","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-733","title":"Stormwater-runoff data, Madison, Wisconsin, 1993-94","docAbstract":"<p>Section 402(P) of the Water Quality Control Act of 1987 requires that municipalities with a population of 100,000 or more obtain permits to discharge stormwater runoff and to control its quality. Monitoring and sampling of stormwater runoff from seven drainage basins in Madison, Wis., was performed from April 1993 through November 1994 by the U.S. Geological Survey and the city of Madison to (1) characterize the quantity and quality of wet-weather discharge, (2) determine storm and annual loadings of selected constituents, and (3) characterize rainfall and runoff conditions. The seven basins were selected for monitoring rainfall and runoff on the basis of land-use characteristics, dry-weather flow conditions, and monitorability.</p>\n<p>As required by Section 402(P) of the Water Quality Control Act of 1987, stormwater-runoff samples collected during storms that met three criteria (rainfall depths 50 to 150 percent of average depth range, rainfall durations 50 to 150 percent of average duration, and antecedent dry-weather period of at least 72 hours) were analyzed for semivolatile organic chemicals, total metals, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, inorganic constituents, bacteria, oil and grease, pH, and water temperature. Two of the seven sites also had samples analyzed for volatile organic chemicals. In addition to the required sampling, additional runoff samples that did not necessarily meet the three rainfall criteria, were analyzed for total metals and inorganic constituents. Storm loads of selected constituents were computed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95733","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Waschbusch, R., 1996, Stormwater-runoff data, Madison, Wisconsin, 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-733, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95733.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0733/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53812,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0733/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Madison","otherGeospatial":"Lake Mendota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.53067779541016,\n              43.038532412654774\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.53067779541016,\n              43.17463764270232\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.296875,\n              43.17463764270232\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.296875,\n              43.038532412654774\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.53067779541016,\n              43.038532412654774\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1633","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waschbusch, R.J.","contributorId":107307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waschbusch","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24728,"text":"ofr95287 - 1996 - Digital elevation model (DEM) file of topographic elevations for the Death Valley region of southern Nevada and southeastern California processed from U.S. Geological Survey 1-degree Digital Elevation Model data files","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:22","indexId":"ofr95287","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-287","title":"Digital elevation model (DEM) file of topographic elevations for the Death Valley region of southern Nevada and southeastern California processed from U.S. Geological Survey 1-degree Digital Elevation Model data files","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95287","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Turner, A.K., D’Agnese, F.A., and Faunt, C., 1996, Digital elevation model (DEM) file of topographic elevations for the Death Valley region of southern Nevada and southeastern California processed from U.S. Geological Survey 1-degree Digital Elevation Model data files: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-287, iii, 9 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95287.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0287/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53755,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0287/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d59f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turner, A. K.","contributorId":82351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Agnese, F. A.","contributorId":6096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Agnese","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faunt, Claudia C. 0000-0001-5659-7529 ccfaunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":1491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"Claudia C.","email":"ccfaunt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":192450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":131,"text":"wsp2448 - 1996 - Movement of agricultural chemicals between surface water and ground water, lower Cedar River basin, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-07T09:54:47","indexId":"wsp2448","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2448","title":"Movement of agricultural chemicals between surface water and ground water, lower Cedar River basin, Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>Movement of agricultural chemicals alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, deethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine, and metolachlor between surface water and ground water is documented by data collected from May 1989 through July 1991 at an unfarmed study site adjacent to the Cedar River in Iowa. During periods of runoff, these chemicals moved from the Cedar River into the alluvial aquifer with bank-storage water. Results of simulation of ground-water flow conditions during March-April 1990 indicated that bank-storage water moving through the river bottom accounted for 70 percent of the total bank-storage water, whereas the remaining 30 percent moved through the riverbank. The largest concentrations of the chemicals in bank-storage water during 1990 were: alachlor, 2.1 micrograms per liter (<span>&mu;</span>g/L); atrazine, 4.7 <span>&mu;</span>g/L; cyanazine, 3.2 <span>&mu;</span>g/L; deethylatrazine, 0.54 <span>&mu;</span>g/L; deisopropylatrazine, 0.33 <span>&mu;</span>g/L; and metolachlor, 2.2 <span>&mu;</span>g/L. Larger concentrations of some herbicides and their metabolites were detected in the ground water after the study site was inundated by floodwater between June and August 1990. The concentrations in a water sample from one well after this flooding on February 5, 1991, were: alachlor, 0.06 <span>&mu;</span>g/L; atrazine, 18 <span>&mu;</span>g/L; cyanazine, 1.3 <span>&mu;</span>g/L; deethylatrazine, 1.4 <span>&mu;</span>g/L; deisopropylatrazine, 0.40 <span>&mu;</span>g/L; and metolachlor, 7.0 <span>&mu;</span>g/L.</p>\n<p>During base-flow conditions, the movement of agricultural chemicals from ground water to surface water was quantified for two periods of time in 1989 and 1990 along a 117-kilometer reach of the Cedar River. The principal source of atrazine, deethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine, and metolachlor in the Cedar River during base flow was ground water discharged directly from the alluvial aquifer adjacent to the Cedar River. This discharge exceeded the combined tributary inflow of the chemicals along the entire reach.</p>\n<p>Bank storage is probably an important source of agricultural chemicals discharged from the alluvial aquifer but becomes depleted with time after surface runoff. Herbicides discharged from the alluvial aquifer during periods of extended base flow entered the alluvial aquifer with ground-water recharge at some distance from the river. The movement of nitrate between surface water and ground water is minor, when compared to the herbicides, even though nitrite was detected in the Cedar River during runoff.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2448","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","usgsCitation":"Squillace, P.J., Caldwell, J., Schulmeyer, P., and Harvey, C., 1996, Movement of agricultural chemicals between surface water and ground water, lower Cedar River basin, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2448, vi, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2448.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":24742,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2448/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":136122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2448/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Cedar River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.351318359375,\n              41.281934557995356\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.2469482421875,\n              41.393294288784865\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0931396484375,\n              41.45919537950706\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.8349609375,\n              41.50857729743935\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.12060546875,\n              41.820455096140314\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.23596191406249,\n              41.94314874732696\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.549072265625,\n              42.094146370922736\n            ],\n      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J.","contributorId":59415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squillace","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, J.P.","contributorId":83496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schulmeyer, P.M.","contributorId":17208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulmeyer","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, C.A.","contributorId":84333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":22180,"text":"ofr96248 - 1996 - Stratigraphic data for wells at and near the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-17T14:27:35","indexId":"ofr96248","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-248","title":"Stratigraphic data for wells at and near the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96248","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Anderson, S.R., Ackerman, D.J., Liszewski, M.J., and Freiburger, R., 1996, Stratigraphic data for wells at and near the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-248, iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. +1 computer disk (3 1/2 in.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96248.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. +1 computer disk (3 1/2 in.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0248/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51616,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0248/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277652,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0248/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aeef5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, S. R.","contributorId":93518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, D. J.","contributorId":53380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liszewski, M. J.","contributorId":107308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liszewski","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freiburger, R.M.","contributorId":55040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freiburger","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":22208,"text":"ofr96176 - 1996 - Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:06","indexId":"ofr96176","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-176","title":"Tennessee","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), established in 1879, is an agency of the U.S. Department of the Interior. For more than a century, the USGS has provided reports, maps, data, and other information to aid in the development, management, and portection of the Nation's water, energy, mineral, and land resources. This brochure outlines the USGS in Tennessee and highlights hydrologic investigations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96176","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Balthrop, B.H., and Carney, K., 1996, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-176, 1 sheet :ill. ;22 x 28 cm. folded to 22 x 9 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96176.","productDescription":"1 sheet :ill. ;22 x 28 cm. folded to 22 x 9 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1546,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr96176","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0176/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51638,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0176/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c40b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balthrop, B. H. (compiler)","contributorId":92286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balthrop","given":"B.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carney, K.A.","contributorId":7735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carney","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":21778,"text":"ofr96110 - 1996 - Factors affecting tritium and 14carbon distributions in the unsaturated zone near the low-level radioactive-waste burial site south of Beatty, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-07T09:55:46","indexId":"ofr96110","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-110","displayTitle":"Factors affecting tritium and <sup>14</sup>carbon distributions in the unsaturated zone near the low-level radioactive-waste burial site south of Beatty, Nevada","title":"Factors affecting tritium and 14carbon distributions in the unsaturated zone near the low-level radioactive-waste burial site south of Beatty, Nevada","docAbstract":"<ul><li>Interpretations of the distributions of tritiated water vapor (HTO<sub>V</sub>) and <sup>14</sup>carbon dioxide gas (<sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub>) concentrations in the unsaturated zone adjacent to the low-level radioactive-waste burial site south of Beatty, Nevada, suggest that observed concentrations of <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> could be explained by either diffusive or advective transport of the radioactive gas from the site.</li><li>The distribution of HTO<sub>V</sub> cannot be explained by vapor transport, either by diffusive or advective mechanisms. Thus, liquid transport appears to have played a role in moving HTO<sub>V</sub> to well UZB-2. Although the process by which this occurred cannot be determined from available data (and indeed may never be known), it is likely that liquid wastes disposed directly into the trenches during the period from 1962 to 1975 contributed to the offsite contamination.</li><li>Liquid transport may have been enhanced by precipitation and runoff into open trenches that resulted in the occasional accumulation of ponded water in the trenches and flow along preferential pathways in the underlying unsaturated zone</li></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr96110","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Striegl, R.G., Prudic, D.E., Duval, J.S., Healy, R.W., Landa, E.R., Pollock, D., Thorstenson, D., and Weeks, R., 1996, Factors affecting tritium and 14carbon distributions in the unsaturated zone near the low-level radioactive-waste burial site south of Beatty, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-110, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96110.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0110/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51278,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0110/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","city":"Beatty","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-115.9082,39.1615],[-115.5191,38.9578],[-115.4725,38.9325],[-115.4433,38.9162],[-115.3694,38.8769],[-115.363,38.874],[-115.242,38.8093],[-115.0969,38.7309],[-115.0777,38.721],[-115.0604,38.7107],[-115.0291,38.6937],[-114.999,38.6777],[-114.9996,38.592],[-114.9997,38.4315],[-114.9994,38.3894],[-115.0004,38.0507],[-115.1185,38.0508],[-115.1436,38.0508],[-115.326,38.0515],[-115.3453,38.0514],[-115.4003,38.051],[-115.4587,38.0506],[-115.6394,38.0512],[-115.6581,38.051],[-115.8404,38.0504],[-115.8931,38.0507],[-115.8938,37.723],[-115.8969,37.5498],[-115.8975,37.2796],[-115.8982,37.1926],[-115.8942,36.8425],[-115.8941,36.686],[-115.8945,36.6702],[-115.8949,36.598],[-115.8949,36.5962],[-115.8946,36.5858],[-115.8947,36.5005],[-115.8945,36.4806],[-115.8949,36.462],[-115.8944,36.457],[-115.8948,36.3087],[-115.8945,36.2923],[-115.8943,36.1957],[-115.8945,36.1608],[-115.8948,36.1163],[-115.8948,36.0927],[-115.895,36.0015],[-115.9178,36.0192],[-115.9518,36.0457],[-115.9925,36.0773],[-116.049,36.1211],[-116.0624,36.1314],[-116.1039,36.1636],[-116.1287,36.1829],[-116.1702,36.2152],[-116.173,36.2174],[-116.2311,36.2626],[-116.2834,36.3028],[-116.2954,36.3122],[-116.3752,36.373],[-116.5107,36.4764],[-116.5247,36.4871],[-116.5589,36.5131],[-116.574,36.5245],[-116.5946,36.54],[-116.6556,36.5867],[-116.6583,36.5888],[-116.6764,36.6024],[-116.706,36.6248],[-116.7895,36.6877],[-116.8424,36.7276],[-116.8453,36.7298],[-116.8806,36.7568],[-116.8912,36.7648],[-116.9237,36.7891],[-116.9641,36.8193],[-116.9783,36.8299],[-116.981,36.8319],[-117.0046,36.8495],[-117.164,36.9688],[-117.1639,36.9698],[-117.1637,37.0182],[-117.164,37.0894],[-117.1642,37.171],[-117.1641,37.1909],[-117.1641,37.1936],[-117.1665,37.6995],[-117.1664,37.714],[-117.1663,37.7285],[-117.1663,37.7435],[-117.1662,37.7585],[-117.1657,38.0019],[-117.2198,38.0482],[-117.2397,38.0483],[-117.239,38.0641],[-117.2408,38.0705],[-117.2653,38.0932],[-117.6896,38.4731],[-118.0197,38.7599],[-118.197,38.9154],[-118.1972,38.9993],[-117.8559,39.0746],[-117.7748,39.092],[-117.7008,39.1058],[-117.6409,39.1149],[-117.5946,39.1231],[-117.4742,39.1431],[-117.3823,39.1562],[-117.3609,39.1585],[-117.3318,39.1629],[-117.3063,39.1634],[-117.2849,39.1633],[-117.1995,39.1632],[-117.0856,39.1628],[-117.0322,39.1626],[-117.0144,39.1626],[-116.9871,39.1625],[-116.9158,39.1631],[-116.7562,39.1622],[-116.7301,39.1625],[-116.5996,39.1616],[-116.5859,39.162],[-116.4815,39.1616],[-116.3497,39.1618],[-116.2358,39.1616],[-116.0548,39.1624],[-115.9082,39.1615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nye\",\"state\":\"NV\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f87b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":185641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duval, J. S.","contributorId":15200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duval","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pollock, D.W.","contributorId":30967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thorstenson, D.C.","contributorId":47377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorstenson","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Weeks, R.P.","contributorId":37773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":28628,"text":"wri964006 - 1996 - Plan of study to quantify the hydrologic relations between the Rio Grande and the Santa Fe Group aquifer system near Albuquerque, central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri964006","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4006","title":"Plan of study to quantify the hydrologic relations between the Rio Grande and the Santa Fe Group aquifer system near Albuquerque, central New Mexico","docAbstract":"The Albuquerque Basin in central New Mexico covers  an area\r\nof about 3,060 square miles. Ground water from the Santa Fe Group \r\naquifer system of the Albuquerque Basin is the principal source\r\nof water for municipal, domestic, commercial, and industrial uses in\r\nthe Albuquerque area, an area of about 410 square miles. Ground-\r\nwater withdrawal in the basin has increased from about 97,000 \r\nacre-feet in 1970 to about 171,000 acre-feet in 1994. About 92 \r\npercent of the 1994 total was withdrawn in the Albuquerque area.\r\nManagement of ground water in the Albuquerque Basin is related to\r\nthe surface water in the Rio Grande. Because the aquifer system\r\nis hydraulically connected to the Rio Grande and water in the \r\nriver is fully appropriated, the ability to reliably estimate the\r\neffects of ground-water withdrawals on flow in the river is \r\nimportant. This report describes the components of the Rio \r\nGrande/Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the Albuquerque area and\r\nthe data availability and data and interpretation needs relating\r\nto those components, and presents a plan of study to quantify the\r\nhydrologic relations between the Rio Grande and the Santa Fe\r\nGroup aquifer system.\r\n\r\n     The information needs related to the components of the\r\nriver/aquifer system are prioritized. Information that is necessary \r\nto improve the understanding or quantification of a component in the\r\nriver/aquifer system is prioritized as essential. Information \r\nthat could add additional understanding of the system, but would\r\nnot be necessary to improve the quantification of the system, is\r\nprioritized as useful. \r\n\r\n     The study elements are prioritized in the same manner as the\r\ninformation needs; study elements designed to provide \r\ninformation considered necessary to improve the quantification of\r\nthe system are prioritized as essential, and those designed to \r\nprovide information that would add additional understanding of \r\nthe system, but would not be necessary to improve the \r\nquantification of the system, are prioritized as useful.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964006","usgsCitation":"McAda, D.P., 1996, Plan of study to quantify the hydrologic relations between the Rio Grande and the Santa Fe Group aquifer system near Albuquerque, central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4006, ix, 58 p. :ill. (1 col.), maps (1 col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964006.","productDescription":"ix, 58 p. :ill. (1 col.), maps (1 col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4006/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57468,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4006/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a1b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAda, D. P.","contributorId":93066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAda","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}