{"pageNumber":"1298","pageRowStart":"32425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165309,"records":[{"id":70120505,"text":"70120505 - 2014 - Initial soil respiration response to biomass harvesting and green-tree retention in aspen-dominated forests of the Great Lakes region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-15T10:58:11","indexId":"70120505","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T10:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Initial soil respiration response to biomass harvesting and green-tree retention in aspen-dominated forests of the Great Lakes region","docAbstract":"<p>Contemporary forest management practices are increasingly designed to optimize novel objectives, such as maximizing biomass feedstocks and/or maintaining ecological legacies, but many uncertainties exist regarding how these practices influence forest carbon (C) cycling. We examined the responses of soil respiration (R<sub>s</sub>) to biomass harvesting and green-tree retention in an effort to empirically assess their impacts on C cycling. We measured R<sub>s</sub> and soil microclimatic variables over four growing seasons following implementation of these management practices using a fully replicated, operational-scale experiment in aspen-dominated forests in northern Minnesota. Treatments included three levels of biomass removal within harvested areas: whole-tree harvest (no slash deliberately retained), 20% slash retained, and stem-only harvest (all slash retained), and two levels of green-tree retention: 0.1 ha aggregate or none. The relative amount of biomass removed had a negligible effect on R<sub>s</sub> in harvested areas, but treatment effects were probably obscured by heterogeneous slash configurations and rapid post-harvest regeneration of aspen in all of the treatments. Discrete measurements of R<sub>s</sub> and soil temperature within green-tree aggregates were not discernible from surrounding harvested areas or unharvested control stands until the fourth year following harvest, when R<sub>s</sub> was higher in unharvested controls than in aggregates and harvested stands. Growing season estimates of Rs showed that unharvested control stands had higher R<sub>s</sub> than both harvested stands and aggregates in the first and third years following harvest. Our results suggest that retention of larger forest aggregates may be necessary to maintain ecosystem-level responses similar to those in unharvested stands. Moreover, they highlight the innate complexity of operational-scale research and suggest that the initial impacts of biomass harvest on R<sub>s</sub> may be indiscernible from traditional harvest in systems where incidental breakage is high.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2014.05.052","usgsCitation":"Kurth, V., Bradford, J.B., Slesak, R.A., and D’Amato, A.W., 2014, Initial soil respiration response to biomass harvesting and green-tree retention in aspen-dominated forests of the Great Lakes region: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 328, p. 342-352, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.05.052.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"342","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-056890","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1556812","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":292276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292244,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.05.052"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.11,41.4 ], [ -92.11,48.85 ], [ -76.3,48.85 ], [ -76.3,41.4 ], [ -92.11,41.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"328","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ed4e4b0bfa1f993ef9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kurth, Valerie J.","contributorId":7624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurth","given":"Valerie J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slesak, Robert A.","contributorId":9585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slesak","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"D’Amato, Anthony W.","contributorId":28140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"D’Amato","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6735,"text":"University of Vermont, Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13478,"text":"Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota (Correspondence to: russellm@umn.edu)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":498285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70120495,"text":"70120495 - 2014 - Forest stand structure, productivity, and age mediate climatic effects on aspen decline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-15T10:51:57","indexId":"70120495","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T10:50:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forest stand structure, productivity, and age mediate climatic effects on aspen decline","docAbstract":"<p>Because forest stand structure, age, and productivity can mediate the impacts of climate on quaking aspen (<i>Populus tremuloides</i>) mortality, ignoring stand-scale factors limits inference on the drivers of recent sudden aspen decline. Using the proportion of aspen trees that were dead as an index of recent mortality at 841 forest inventory plots, we examined the relationship of this mortality index to forest structure and climate in the Rocky Mountains and Intermountain Western United States. We found that forest structure explained most of the patterns in mortality indices, but that variation in growing-season vapor pressure deficit and winter precipitation over the last 20 years was important. Mortality index sensitivity to precipitation was highest in forests where aspen exhibited high densities, relative basal areas, quadratic mean diameters, and productivities, whereas sensitivity to vapor pressure deficit was highest in young forest stands. These results indicate that the effects of drought on mortality may be mediated by forest stand development, competition with encroaching conifers, and physiological vulnerabilities of large trees to drought. By examining mortality index responses to both forest structure and climate, we show that forest succession cannot be ignored in studies attempting to understand the causes and consequences of sudden aspen decline.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/14-0093.1","usgsCitation":"Bell, D.M., Bradford, J.B., and Lauenroth, W.K., 2014, Forest stand structure, productivity, and age mediate climatic effects on aspen decline: Ecology, v. 95, no. 8, p. 2040-2046, https://doi.org/10.1890/14-0093.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2040","endPage":"2046","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-051389","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":292273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292242,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-0093.1"}],"volume":"95","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ed0e4b0bfa1f993ef5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, David M.","contributorId":34423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lauenroth, William K.","contributorId":80982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauenroth","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":498278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70120476,"text":"70120476 - 2014 - Continuous estimation of baseflow in snowmelt-dominated streams and rivers in the Upper Colorado River Basin: A chemical hydrograph separation approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T14:56:27","indexId":"70120476","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continuous estimation of baseflow in snowmelt-dominated streams and rivers in the Upper Colorado River Basin: A chemical hydrograph separation approach","docAbstract":"<p>Effective science-based management of water resources in large basins requires a qualitative understanding of hydrologic conditions and quantitative measures of the various components of the water budget, including difficult to measure components such as baseflow discharge to streams. Using widely available discharge and continuously collected specific conductance (SC) data, we adapted and applied a long established chemical hydrograph separation approach to quantify daily and representative annual baseflow discharge at fourteen streams and rivers at large spatial (&gt; 1,000 km<sup>2</sup> watersheds) and temporal (up to 37 years) scales in the Upper Colorado River Basin. On average, annual baseflow was 21-58% of annual stream discharge, 13-45% of discharge during snowmelt, and 40-86% of discharge during low-flow conditions. Results suggest that reservoirs may act to store baseflow discharged to the stream during snowmelt and release that baseflow during low-flow conditions, and that irrigation return flows may contribute to increases in fall baseflow in heavily irrigated watersheds. The chemical hydrograph separation approach, and associated conceptual model defined here provide a basis for the identification of land use, management, and climate effects on baseflow.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2013WR014939","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., Susong, D.D., Shope, C.L., Heilweil, V.M., and Stolp, B.J., 2014, Continuous estimation of baseflow in snowmelt-dominated streams and rivers in the Upper Colorado River Basin: A chemical hydrograph separation approach: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 8, p. 6986-6999, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014939.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"6986","endPage":"6999","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052142","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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heilweil@usgs.gov","contributorId":837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"Victor","email":"heilweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stolp, Bernard J. 0000-0003-3803-1497 bjstolp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-1497","contributorId":963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolp","given":"Bernard","email":"bjstolp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70135163,"text":"70135163 - 2014 - Site fidelity and condition metrics suggest sequential habitat use by early juvenile snook","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-11T10:43:28","indexId":"70135163","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Site fidelity and condition metrics suggest sequential habitat use by early juvenile snook","docAbstract":"<p>The common snook Centropomus undecimalis is an estuarine-dependent fish that relies on landward wetlands as nursery habitat. Despite its economic importance, portions of the snook's early life history are poorly understood. We compared habitat use of young-of-the-year (YOY) snook in 2 geomorphic mesohabitats (tidal pond and tidal creek) along an estuarine gradient (upstream vs. downstream) within a single wetland during fall recruitment. We used abundance, length, condition indices, and stable isotopes to assess ontogenetic mesohabitat use and site fidelity. We found that (1) YOY snook were more abundant within the upstream creek and ponds; (2) the smallest snook were found only in ponds; (3) snook from ponds had lower condition (Fulton's K and hepatosomatic index); (4) snook began moving from ponds to the creek at ~40 mm standard length; and (5) snook from the 2 mesohabitats were isotopically distinct, indicating high site fidelity at rather small spatial scales. Collectively, these data identified sequential use of mesohabitats, wherein seaward-spawned YOY snook moved landward and recruited to pond habitats, where they dedicated energy to growth (as length) before making an ontogenetic habitat shift to the creek. Once in the creek, YOY snook condition improved as they approached maturity and started the downstream return towards seaward locations. The wetland network that was previously viewed as generalized nursery habitat instead consists of mesohabitats that support different life stages in sequence. This represents ontogenetic habitat complementation, in which lower availability of a required mesohabitat type may limit the entire wetland's contribution to the adult population.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf, Germany","doi":"10.3354/meps10902","collaboration":"Adam B. Brame; Ernst B. Peebles; David J. Hollander","usgsCitation":"Brame, A.B., McIvor, C., Peebles, E.B., and Hollander, D.J., 2014, Site fidelity and condition metrics suggest sequential habitat use by early juvenile snook: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 509, p. 255-269, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10902.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051601","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472839,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10902","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296613,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296611,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v509/p255-269/"}],"volume":"509","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548ace40e4b00f366bee37c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brame, Adam B.","contributorId":64029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brame","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIvor, Carole carole_mcivor@usgs.gov","contributorId":3665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIvor","given":"Carole","email":"carole_mcivor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peebles, Ernst B","contributorId":127813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peebles","given":"Ernst","email":"","middleInitial":"B","affiliations":[{"id":7163,"text":"University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hollander, David J.","contributorId":11421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollander","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70129238,"text":"70129238 - 2014 - Rice methylmercury exposure and mitigation: a comprehensive review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-21T10:28:57","indexId":"70129238","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T10:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1561,"text":"Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rice methylmercury exposure and mitigation: a comprehensive review","docAbstract":"Rice cultivation practices from field preparation to post-harvest transform rice paddies into hot spots for microbial mercury methylation, converting less-toxic inorganic mercury to more-toxic methylmercury, which is likely translocated to rice grain. This review includes 51 studies reporting rice total mercury and/or methylmercury concentrations, based on rice (<i>Orzya sativa</i>) cultivated or purchased in 15 countries. Not surprisingly, both rice total mercury and methylmercury levels were significantly higher in polluted sites compared to non-polluted sites (Wilcoxon rank sum, p<0.001). However, rice percent methylmercury (of total mercury) did not differ statistically between polluted and non-polluted sites (Wilcoxon rank sum, p=0.35), suggesting comparable mercury methylation rates in paddy soil across these sites and/or similar accumulation of mercury species for these rice cultivars. Studies characterizing the effects of rice cultivation under more aerobic conditions were reviewed to determine the mitigation potential of this practice. Rice management practices utilizing alternating wetting and drying (instead of continuous flooding) caused soil methylmercury levels to spike, resulting in a strong methylmercury pulse after fields were dried and reflooded; however, it is uncertain whether this led to increased translocation of methylmercury from paddy soil to rice grain. Due to the potential health risks, it is advisable to investigate this issue further, and to develop separate water management strategies for mercury polluted and non-polluted sites, in order to minimize methylmercury exposure through rice ingestion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.001","usgsCitation":"Rothenberg, S.E., Windham-Myers, L., and Creswell, J.E., 2014, Rice methylmercury exposure and mitigation: a comprehensive review: Environmental Research, v. 133, p. 407-423, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.001.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"423","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-054037","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4119557","text":"External Repository"},{"id":295530,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295488,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.001"}],"volume":"133","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544775bfe4b0f888a81b8346","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rothenberg, Sarah E.","contributorId":92987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rothenberg","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie 0000-0003-0281-9581 lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-9581","contributorId":2449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","email":"lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Creswell, Joel E.","contributorId":32854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creswell","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70141775,"text":"70141775 - 2014 - Aquatic CAM photosynthesis: a brief history of its discovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-23T09:11:41","indexId":"70141775","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":861,"text":"Aquatic Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquatic CAM photosynthesis: a brief history of its discovery","docAbstract":"<p>Aquatic CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) photosynthesis was discovered while investigating an unrelated biochemical pathway concerned with anaerobic metabolism. George Bowes was a significant contributor to this project early in its infancy. Not only did he provide me with some valuable perspectives on peer review rejections, but by working with his gas exchange system I was able to take our initial observations of diel fluctuations in malic acid to the next level, showing this aquatic plant exhibited dark CO2 uptake. CAM is universal in all aquatic species of the worldwide Lycophyta genus Isoetes and non-existent in terrestrial Isoetes. Outside of this genus aquatic CAM has a limited occurrence in three other families, including the Crassulaceae. This discovery led to fascinating adventures in the highlands of the Peruvian Andes in search of Stylites, a terrestrial relative of Isoetes. Stylites is a plant that is hermetically sealed from the atmosphere and obtains all of its carbon from terrestrial sources and recycles carbon through CAM. Considering the Mesozoic origin of Isoetes in shallow pools, coupled with the fact that aquatic Isoetes universally possess CAM, suggests the earliest evolution of CAM photosynthesis was most likely not in terrestrial plants.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2014.05.010","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., 2014, Aquatic CAM photosynthesis: a brief history of its discovery: Aquatic Botany, v. 118, no. Special Issue, p. 38-44, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2014.05.010.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055756","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298089,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298088,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304377014000758"}],"volume":"118","issue":"Special Issue","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54ec5d3ae4b02d776a67da99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70129219,"text":"70129219 - 2014 - A mass balance approach to investigating geochemical controls on secondary water quality impacts at a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, MN","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T16:48:05","indexId":"70129219","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T09:52:17","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mass balance approach to investigating geochemical controls on secondary water quality impacts at a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, MN","docAbstract":"<p>Secondary water quality impacts can result from a broad range of coupled reactions triggered by primary groundwater contaminants. Data from a crude-oil spill research site near Bemidji, MN provide an ideal test case for investigating the complex interactions controlling secondary impacts, including depleted dissolved oxygen and elevated organic carbon, inorganic carbon, CH<sub>4</sub>, Mn, Fe, and other dissolved ions. To better understand these secondary impacts, this study began with an extensive data compilation of various data types, comprising aqueous, sediment, gas, and oil phases, covering a 260 m cross-sectional domain over 30 years. Mass balance calculations are used to quantify pathways that control secondary components, by using the data to constrain the sources and sinks for the important redox processes. The results show that oil constituents other than BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, <i>o</i>-, <i>m</i>- and <i>p</i>-xylenes), including <i>n</i>-alkanes and other aromatic compounds, play significant roles in plume evolution and secondary water quality impacts. The analysis underscores previous results on the importance of non-aqueous phases. Over 99.9% of the Fe<sup>2+</sup> plume is attenuated by immobilization on sediments as Fe(II) and 85&ndash;95% of the carbon biodegradation products are outgassed. Gaps identified in carbon and Fe mass balances and in pH buffering mechanisms are used to formulate a new conceptual model. This new model includes direct out-gassing of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> from organic carbon biodegradation, dissolution of directly produced CO<sub>2</sub>, and sorption with H<sup>+</sup> exchange to improve pH buffering. The identification of these mechanisms extends understanding of natural attenuation of potential secondary impacts at enhanced reductive dechlorination sites, particularly for reduced Fe plumes, produced CH<sub>4</sub>, and pH perturbations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.04.006","usgsCitation":"Ng, G., Bekins, B.A., Cozzarelli, I.M., Baedecker, M., Bennett, P.C., and Amos, R.T., 2014, A mass balance approach to investigating geochemical controls on secondary water quality impacts at a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, MN: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 164, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.04.006.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053326","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472841,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.04.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":295516,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295484,"rank":1,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.04.006"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","volume":"164","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5447759ae4b0f888a81b82e8","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.04.006","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.04.006","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Ng G.-H. Crystal, Bekins Barbara A., Cozzarelli Isabelle M., Baedecker Mary Jo, Bennett Philip C., Amos Richard T.","journalName":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","publicationDate":"8/2014","auditedOn":"7/24/2015","publiclyAccessibleDate":"5/24/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ng, Gene-Hua Crystal","contributorId":7212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ng","given":"Gene-Hua Crystal","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baedecker, Mary Jo","contributorId":68671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"Mary Jo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bennett, Philip C.","contributorId":30567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Amos, Richard T.","contributorId":69081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amos","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70129548,"text":"70129548 - 2014 - Major element and oxygen isotope geochemistry of vapour-phase garnet from the Topopah Spring Tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-05T12:40:44","indexId":"70129548","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T09:41:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2748,"text":"Mineralogical Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Major element and oxygen isotope geochemistry of vapour-phase garnet from the Topopah Spring Tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Twenty vapour-phase garnets were studied in two samples of the Topopah Spring Tuff of the Paintbrush Group from Yucca Mountain, in southern Nevada. The Miocene-age Topopah Spring Tuff is a 350 m thick, devitrified, moderately to densely welded ash-flow tuff that is zoned compositionally from high-silica rhyolite to latite. During cooling of the tuff, escaping vapour produced lithophysae (former gas cavities) lined with an assemblage of tridymite (commonly inverted to cristobalite or quartz), sanidine and locally, hematite and/or garnet. Vapour-phase topaz and economic deposits associated commonly with topaz-bearing rhyolites (characteristically enriched in F) were not found in the Topopah Spring Tuff at Yucca Mountain. Based on their occurrence only in lithophysae, the garnets are not primary igneous phenocrysts, but rather crystals that grew from a F-poor magma-derived vapour trapped during and after emplacement of the tuff. The garnets are euhedral, vitreous, reddish brown, trapezohedral, as large as 2 mm in diameter and fractured. The garnets also contain inclusions of tridymite. Electron microprobe analyses of the garnets reveal that they are almandine-spessartine (48.0 and 47.9 mol.%, respectively), have an average composition of (Fe<sub>1.46</sub>Mn<sub>1.45</sub>Mg<sub>0.03</sub>Ca<sub>0.10</sub>)(Al<sub>1.93</sub>Ti<sub>0.02</sub>)Si<sub>3.01</sub>O<sub>12</sub> and are comparatively homogeneous in Fe and Mn concentrations from core to rim. Composited garnets from each sample site have &delta;18O values of 7.2 and 7.4&permil;. The associated quartz (after tridymite) has &delta;<sup>18</sup>O values of 17.4 and 17.6&permil;, values indicative of reaction with later, low-temperature water. Unaltered tridymite from higher in the stratigraphic section has a &delta;<sup>18</sup>O of 11.1&permil; which, when coupled with the garnet &delta;<sup>18</sup>O values in a quartz-garnet fractionation equation, indicates isotopic equilibration (vapour-phase crystallization) at temperatures of ~600&deg;C. This high-temperature mineralization, formed during cooling of the tuffs, is distinct from the later and commonly recognized low-temperature stage (generally 50&ndash;70&deg;C) of calcite, quartz and opal secondary mineralization, formed from downward-percolating meteoric water, that locally coats fracture footwalls and lithophysal floors.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralogical Magazine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland","doi":"10.1180/minmag.2014.078.4.14","usgsCitation":"Moscati, R.J., and Johnson, C.A., 2014, Major element and oxygen isotope geochemistry of vapour-phase garnet from the Topopah Spring Tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA: Mineralogical Magazine, v. 78, no. 4, p. 1029-1041, https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2014.078.4.14.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1029","endPage":"1041","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052493","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295710,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295658,"rank":1,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2014.078.4.14"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b6a2ae4b03653c63fb1d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moscati, Richard J. 0000-0002-0818-4401 rmoscati@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-4401","contributorId":2462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moscati","given":"Richard","email":"rmoscati@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Craig A. 0000-0002-1334-2996 cjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Craig","email":"cjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70119386,"text":"70119386 - 2014 - Improving tsunami resiliency: California's Tsunami Policy Working Group","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T16:17:42","indexId":"70119386","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T08:56:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Improving tsunami resiliency: California's Tsunami Policy Working Group","docAbstract":"California has established a Tsunami Policy Working Group to facilitate development of policy recommendations for tsunami hazard mitigation. The Tsunami Policy Working Group brings together government and industry specialists from diverse fields including tsunami, seismic, and flood hazards, local and regional planning, structural engineering, natural hazard policy, and coastal engineering. The group is acting on findings from two parallel efforts: The USGS SAFRR Tsunami Scenario project, a comprehensive impact analysis of a large credible tsunami originating from an M 9.1 earthquake in the Aleutian Islands Subduction Zone striking California’s coastline, and the State’s Tsunami Preparedness and Hazard Mitigation Program. The unique dual-track approach provides a comprehensive assessment of vulnerability and risk within which the policy group can identify gaps and issues in current tsunami hazard mitigation and risk reduction, make recommendations that will help eliminate these impediments, and provide advice that will assist development and implementation of effective tsunami hazard risk communication products to improve community resiliency.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tsunami events and lessons learned: environmental and societal significance","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/978-94-007-7269-4_21","isbn":"978-94-007-7269-4","usgsCitation":"Real, C.R., Johnson, L., Jones, L.M., and Ross, S.L., 2014, Improving tsunami resiliency: California's Tsunami Policy Working Group, chap. <i>of</i> Tsunami events and lessons learned: environmental and societal significance, v. 35, p. 377-386, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7269-4_21.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"386","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-044151","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291750,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291805,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7269-4_21"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e34148e4b0567f27701962","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kontar, Y.A.","contributorId":113466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kontar","given":"Y.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509942,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santiago-Fandino, V.","contributorId":111441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santiago-Fandino","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509941,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takahashi, T. jtakahashi@usgs.gov","contributorId":113467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takahashi","given":"T.","email":"jtakahashi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509943,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Real, Charles R.","contributorId":73199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Real","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Laurie","contributorId":11294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Lucile M. jones@usgs.gov","contributorId":1014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Lucile","email":"jones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ross, Stephanie L. 0000-0003-1389-4405 sross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1389-4405","contributorId":1024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Stephanie","email":"sross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70099391,"text":"ofr20141063 - 2014 - Preliminary geologic map of the eastern Willapa Hills, Cowlitz, Lewis, and Wahkiakum Counties, Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47216,"text":"ofr81674 - 1981 - Geologic map of the eastern Willapa Hills, Cowlitz, Lewis, Pacific, and Wahkiakum counties, Washington","indexId":"ofr81674","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the eastern Willapa Hills, Cowlitz, Lewis, Pacific, and Wahkiakum counties, Washington"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70099391,"text":"ofr20141063 - 2014 - Preliminary geologic map of the eastern Willapa Hills, Cowlitz, Lewis, and Wahkiakum Counties, Washington","indexId":"ofr20141063","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of the eastern Willapa Hills, Cowlitz, Lewis, and Wahkiakum Counties, Washington"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-26T15:23:05.59424","indexId":"ofr20141063","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T08:52:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1063","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the eastern Willapa Hills, Cowlitz, Lewis, and Wahkiakum Counties, Washington","docAbstract":"This digital map database and the PDF derived from the database were created from the analog geologic map: Wells, R.E. (1981), “Geologic map of the eastern Willapa Hills, Cowlitz, Lewis, and Wahkiakum Counties, Washington.” The geodatabase replicates the geologic mapping of the 1981 report with minor exceptions along water boundaries and also along the north and south map boundaries. Slight adjustments to contacts along water boundaries were made to correct differences between the topographic base map used in the 1981 compilation (analog USGS 15-minute series quadrangle maps at 1:62,500 scale) and the base map used for this digital compilation (scanned USGS 7.5-minute series quadrangle maps at 1:24,000 scale). These minor adjustments, however, did not materially alter the geologic map. No new field mapping was performed to create this digital map database, and no attempt was made to fit geologic contacts to the new 1:24,000 topographic base, except as noted above. We corrected typographical errors, formatting errors, and attribution errors (for example, the name change of Goble Volcanics to Grays River Volcanics following current State of Washington usage; Walsh and others, 1987). We also updated selected references, substituted published papers for abstracts, and cited published radiometric ages for the volcanic and plutonic rocks. The reader is referred to Magill and others (1982), Wells and Coe (1985), Walsh and others (1987), Moothart (1993), Payne (1998), Kleibacker (2001), McCutcheon (2003), Wells and others (2009), Chan and others (2012), and Wells and others (in press) for subsequent interpretations of the Willapa Hills geology.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141063","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Washington Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Earth Resources","usgsCitation":"Wells, R., and Sawlan, M.G., 2014, Preliminary geologic map of the eastern Willapa Hills, Cowlitz, Lewis, and Wahkiakum Counties, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1063, 2 Sheets: 33.36 x 51.01 inches and 31.54 and 33.49 inches; Database; Shape Files; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141063.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 33.36 x 51.01 inches and 31.54 and 33.49 inches; Database; Shape Files; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053867","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291508,"rank":6,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1063/downloads/ofr2014-1063_shp.zip"},{"id":291506,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1063/pdf/ofr2014-1063_sheet2.pdf"},{"id":291510,"rank":7,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141063.jpg"},{"id":398954,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_100480.htm"},{"id":291501,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1063/"},{"id":291505,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1063/pdf/ofr2014-1063_sheet1.pdf"},{"id":291509,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1063/downloads/metadata/"},{"id":291507,"rank":1,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1063/downloads/ofr2014-1063_db.zip"}],"scale":"50000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Cowlitz County, Lewis County, Wahkiakum County","otherGeospatial":"Willapa Hills","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5,46.1425 ], [ -123.5,46.636944 ], [ -123.0,46.636944 ], [ -123.0,46.1425 ], [ -123.5,46.1425 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53dc9bafe4b076157862d964","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":2692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray E.","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sawlan, Michael G. 0000-0003-0637-2051 msawlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0637-2051","contributorId":2291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawlan","given":"Michael","email":"msawlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70120181,"text":"70120181 - 2014 - Time-averaged discharge rate of subaerial lava at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, measured from TanDEM-X interferometry: Implications for magma supply and storage during 2011-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-13T15:06:08","indexId":"70120181","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T08:51:24","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-averaged discharge rate of subaerial lava at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, measured from TanDEM-X interferometry: Implications for magma supply and storage during 2011-2013","docAbstract":"<p>Differencing digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from TerraSAR add-on for Digital Elevation Measurements (TanDEM-X) synthetic aperture radar imagery provides a measurement of elevation change over time. On the East Rift Zone (EZR) of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai&lsquo;i, the effusion of lava causes changes in topography. When these elevation changes are summed over the area of an active lava flow, it is possible to quantify the volume of lava emplaced at the surface during the time spanned by the TanDEM-X data&mdash;a parameter that can be difficult to measure across the entirety of an ~100&thinsp;km<sup>2</sup> lava flow field using ground-based techniques or optical remote sensing data. Based on the differences between multiple TanDEM-X-derived DEMs collected days to weeks apart, the mean dense-rock equivalent time-averaged discharge rate of lava at Kīlauea between mid-2011 and mid-2013 was approximately 2&thinsp;m<sup>3</sup>/s, which is about half the long-term average rate over the course of Kīlauea's 1983&ndash;present ERZ eruption. This result implies that there was an increase in the proportion of lava stored versus erupted, a decrease in the rate of magma supply to the volcano, or some combination of both during this time period. In addition to constraining the time-averaged discharge rate of lava and the rates of magma supply and storage, topographic change maps derived from space-based TanDEM-X data provide insights into the four-dimensional evolution of Kīlauea's ERZ lava flow field. TanDEM-X data are a valuable complement to other space-, air-, and ground-based observations of eruptive activity at Kīlauea and offer great promise at locations around the world for aiding with monitoring not just volcanic eruptions but any hazardous activity that results in surface change, including landslides, floods, earthquakes, and other natural and anthropogenic processes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011132","usgsCitation":"Poland, M., 2014, Time-averaged discharge rate of subaerial lava at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, measured from TanDEM-X interferometry: Implications for magma supply and storage during 2011-2013: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 7, p. 5464-5481, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011132.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"5464","endPage":"5481","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055642","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.303007,19.410477 ], [ -155.303007,19.431523 ], [ -155.270993,19.431523 ], [ -155.270993,19.410477 ], [ -155.303007,19.410477 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"119","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ec7bd4e4b02bf5a76740c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70118652,"text":"70118652 - 2014 - Emplacement and erosive effects of the south Kasei Valles lava on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-08T16:14:33","indexId":"70118652","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T08:43:21","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emplacement and erosive effects of the south Kasei Valles lava on Mars","docAbstract":"Although it has generally been accepted that the Martian outflow channels were carved by floods of water, observations of large channels on Venus and Mercury demonstrate that lava flows can cause substantial erosion. Recent observations of large lava flows within outflow channels on Mars have revived discussion of the hypothesis that the Martian channels are also produced by lava. An excellent example is found in south Kasei Valles (SKV), where the most recent major event was emplacement of a large lava flow. Calculations using high-resolution Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) demonstrate that this flow was locally turbulent, similar to a previously described flood lava flow in Athabasca Valles. The modeled peak local flux of approximately 106 m3 s<sup>−1</sup> was approximately an order of magnitude lower than that in Athabasca, which may be due to distance from the vent. Fluxes close to 107 m3 s<sup>−1</sup> are estimated in some reaches but these values are probably records of local surges caused by a dam-breach event within the flow. The SKV lava was locally erosive and likely caused significant (kilometer-scale) headwall retreat at several cataracts with tens to hundreds of meters of relief. However, in other places the net effect of the flow was unambiguously aggradational, and these are more representative of most of the flow. The larger outflow channels have lengths of thousands of kilometers and incision of a kilometer or more. Therefore, lava flows comparable to the SKV flow did not carve the major Martian outflow channels, although the SKV flow was among the largest and highest-flux lava flows known in the Solar System.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.06.005","usgsCitation":"Dundas, C.M., and Keszthelyi, L., 2014, Emplacement and erosive effects of the south Kasei Valles lava on Mars: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 282, p. 92-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.06.005.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-053692","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Kasei Valley, Mars","volume":"282","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53dc9baee4b076157862d961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70118564,"text":"ofr20141165 - 2014 - A hierarchical integrated population model for greater sage-grouse (<i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i>) in the Bi-State Distinct Population Segment, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-01T09:36:09","indexId":"ofr20141165","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T08:36:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1165","title":"A hierarchical integrated population model for greater sage-grouse (<i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i>) in the Bi-State Distinct Population Segment, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Greater sage-grouse (<i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i>, hereafter referred to as “sage-grouse”) are endemic to sagebrush (<i>Artemisia</i> spp.) ecosystems throughout Western North America. Populations of sage-grouse have declined in distribution and abundance across the range of the species (Schroeder and others, 2004; Knick and Connelly, 2011), largely as a result of human disruption of sagebrush communities (Knick and Connelly, 2011). The Bi-State Distinct Population Segment (DPS) represents sage-grouse populations that are geographically isolated and genetically distinct (Benedict and others, 2003; Oyler-McCance and others, 2005) and that are present at the extreme southwestern distribution of the sage-grouse range (Schroeder and others, 2004), straddling the border of California and Nevada. Subpopulations of sage-grouse in the DPS may be at increased risk of extirpation because of a substantial loss of sagebrush habitat and lack of connectivity (Oyler-McCance and others, 2005). Sage-grouse in the Bi-State DPS represent small, localized breeding populations distributed across 18,325 km<sup>2</sup>.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service currently (2014) is evaluating the Bi-State DPS as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, independent of other sage-grouse populations. This DPS was designated as a higher priority for listing than sage-grouse in other parts of the species’ range (U.S. Department of the Interior, 2010). Range-wide population analyses for sage-grouse have included portions of the Bi-State DPS (Sage and Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse Technical Committee 2008; Garton and others, 2011). Although these analyses are informative, the underlying data only represent a portion of the DPS and are comprised of lek count observations only. A thorough examination of population dynamics and persistence that includes multiple subpopulations and represents the majority of the DPS is largely lacking. Furthermore, fundamental information on population growth rate (i.e., finite rate of change, λ) and specific demographic parameters that explain sources of variation in λ within different subpopulations would be valuable for making conservation and management decisions for this DPS.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>During 2003–12, agencies and universities collaborated to conduct extensive monitoring of sage-grouse populations within the Bi-State DPS. Data regarding lek attendance, movement, and survival of sage-grouse across multiple life stages were documented. Specifically, sage-grouse from nearly all subpopulations were marked and tracked across multiple seasons using radio-telemetry techniques. A hierarchical integrated population modeling (IPM) approach was used to derive demographic parameters for the Bi-State DPS using the large amount of data collected over a 10-year period. This modeling approach allows integration of multiple data sources to inform population growth rates and population vital rates for the Bi-State DPS overall, as well as for individual subpopulations. These models are more informative than other models because they integrate inputs of demographic data (for example, survival and fecundity rates) and survey data (for example, lek observations). The findings here will help characterize population growth rates within the Bi-State DPS.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141165","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, Nevada Department of Wildlife, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Coates, P.S., Halstead, B., Blomberg, E.J., Brussee, B., Howe, K., Wiechman, L., Tebbenkamp, J., Reese, K.P., Gardner, S., and Casazza, M.L., 2014, A hierarchical integrated population model for greater sage-grouse (<i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i>) in the Bi-State Distinct Population Segment, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1165, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141165.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057936","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141165.jpg"},{"id":291500,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1165/"},{"id":291504,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1165/pdf/ofr2014-1165.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.39 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -113.96,42.01 ], [ -113.96,32.39 ], [ -124.41,32.39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53dc9baee4b076157862d957","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blomberg, Erik J.","contributorId":17543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blomberg","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":497040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brussee, Brianne","contributorId":62152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brussee","given":"Brianne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howe, Kristy B.","contributorId":59354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"Kristy B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wiechman, Lief","contributorId":108039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiechman","given":"Lief","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tebbenkamp, Joel","contributorId":25089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tebbenkamp","given":"Joel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reese, Kerry P.","contributorId":70254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reese","given":"Kerry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gardner, Scott C.","contributorId":80206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Scott C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70118141,"text":"ofr20141163 - 2014 - Spatially explicit modeling of greater sage-grouse (<i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i>) habitat in Nevada and northeastern California: a decision-support tool for management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-01T08:43:10","indexId":"ofr20141163","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T08:22:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1163","title":"Spatially explicit modeling of greater sage-grouse (<i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i>) habitat in Nevada and northeastern California: a decision-support tool for management","docAbstract":"Greater sage-grouse (<i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i>, hereafter referred to as “sage-grouse”) populations are declining throughout the sagebrush (<i>Artemisia</i> spp.) ecosystem, including millions of acres of potential habitat across the West. Habitat maps derived from empirical data are needed given impending listing decisions that will affect both sage-grouse population dynamics and human land-use restrictions. This report presents the process for developing spatially explicit maps describing relative habitat suitability for sage-grouse in Nevada and northeastern California. Maps depicting habitat suitability indices (HSI) values were generated based on model-averaged resource selection functions informed by more than 31,000 independent telemetry locations from more than 1,500 radio-marked sage-grouse across 12 project areas in Nevada and northeastern California collected during a 15-year period (1998–2013). Modeled habitat covariates included land cover composition, water resources, habitat configuration, elevation, and topography, each at multiple spatial scales that were relevant to empirically observed sage-grouse movement patterns. We then present an example of how the HSI can be delineated into categories. Specifically, we demonstrate that the deviation from the mean can be used to classify habitat suitability into three categories of habitat quality (high, moderate, and low) and one non-habitat category. The classification resulted in an agreement of 93–97 percent for habitat versus non-habitat across a suite of independent validation datasets. Lastly, we provide an example of how space use models can be integrated with habitat models to help inform conservation planning. In this example, we combined probabilistic breeding density with a non-linear probability of occurrence relative to distance to nearest lek (traditional breeding ground) using count data to calculate a composite space use index (SUI). The SUI was then classified into two categories of use (high and low-to-no) and intersected with the HSI categories to create potential management prioritization scenarios based oninformation about sage-grouse occupancy coupled with habitat suitability. This provided an example of a conservation planning application that uses the intersection of the spatially-explicit HSI and empirically-based SUI to identify potential spatially explicit strategies for sage-grouse management. Importantly, the reported categories for the HSI and SUI can be reclassified relatively easily to employ alternative conservation thresholds that may be identified through decision-making processes with stake-holders, managers, and biologists. Moreover, the HSI/SUI interface map can be updated readily as new data become available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141163","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Nevada Sagebrush Ecosystem Program, Bureau of Land Management, Nevada Department of Wildlife, and California Department of Fish and Wildlife","usgsCitation":"Coates, P.S., Casazza, M.L., Brussee, B.E., Ricca, M., Gustafson, K., Overton, C.T., Sanchez-Chopitea, E., Kroger, T., Mauch, K., Niell, L., Howe, K., Gardner, S., Espinosa, S., and Delehanty, D.J., 2014, Spatially explicit modeling of greater sage-grouse (<i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i>) habitat in Nevada and northeastern California: a decision-support tool for management: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1163, vi, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141163.","productDescription":"vi, 83 p.","numberOfPages":"93","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-058087","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P99E64Y4","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Spatially Explicit Modeling of Annual and Seasonal Habitat for Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in Northeastern California"},{"id":291503,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141163.jpg"},{"id":291499,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1163/"},{"id":291502,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1163/pdf/ofr2014-1163.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.0,35.0 ], [ -122.0,42.0 ], [ -114.04,42.0 ], [ -114.04,35.0 ], [ -122.0,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53dc9bafe4b076157862d968","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brussee, Brianne E. 0000-0002-2452-7101 bbrussee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-7101","contributorId":4249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brussee","given":"Brianne","email":"bbrussee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ricca, Mark A.","contributorId":39736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricca","given":"Mark A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gustafson, K. Benjamin","contributorId":53710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustafson","given":"K. Benjamin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Overton, Cory T. 0000-0002-5060-7447 coverton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-7447","contributorId":3262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overton","given":"Cory","email":"coverton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sanchez-Chopitea, Erika","contributorId":23462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez-Chopitea","given":"Erika","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kroger, Travis","contributorId":38483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroger","given":"Travis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mauch, Kimberly","contributorId":91796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mauch","given":"Kimberly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Niell, Lara","contributorId":30557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niell","given":"Lara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Howe, Kristy","contributorId":79815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"Kristy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Gardner, Scott","contributorId":82627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Espinosa, Shawn","contributorId":20253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Espinosa","given":"Shawn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Delehanty, David J.","contributorId":80811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delehanty","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70041762,"text":"70041762 - 2014 - Drift issues of tall buildings during the March 11, 2011 M9.0 Tohoku earthquake, Japan - Implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T17:53:19","indexId":"70041762","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T03:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Drift issues of tall buildings during the March 11, 2011 M9.0 Tohoku earthquake, Japan - Implications","docAbstract":"<div class=\"resource-content\">\n<p>One of the most significant effects of the M9.0 Tohoku, Japan earthquake of March 11, 2011 is the now well-known long duration (&gt;10 minutes) shaking of buildings in Japan &ndash; particularly those in Tokyo&nbsp;(~350-375 km from the epicenter) and in places as far as Osaka (~770 km from the epicenter). Although none collapsed, the strong shaking caused many tall buildings not to be functional for days and weeks.</p>\n<p>The purpose of this paper is to discuss the behavior and performance of four tall buildings, considered to be representative of most tall buildings in Tokyo and other locations, and from which shaking data were retrieved. Of particular interest is a building in Osaka that almost reached an average of 0.5% drift ratio &ndash; this, with a ground level input motion of ~3% g is significant. What might have happened during an event with input level motions with similar low frequency content and in 10-20% g range is a legitimate question that must be pondered. The particular building had serious site effects and was in resonance.</p>\n<p>The other three examples are from Tokyo. For example, based on records obtained from a 54-story building retrofitted with 288 oil dampers on 24 floors, computations show that average drift ratio may have reached ~0.3% and maximum drift ratio likely was &gt; .3%. The maximum allowed by Japanese practice for buildings taller than 60 m and for collapse protection (level 2) motions is 1% (The Building Center of Japan, 2001).</p>\n<p>Performances of tall buildings in many seismically active regions of the world (e.g. Chile, Turkey) or those tall buildings affected by long distance long period effects by sources at a distance (e.g. Abu Dhabi, Dubai) are of interest to the earthquake engineering community. Chile imposes 0.2 % drift limit that result in elastic design. USA and Turkey impose 2% drift limit. Such wide variations of drift limits in design practices deserve discussion in light of functionality and performance of tall buildings during the 2011 Tohoku event.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n</div>","conferenceTitle":"Tenth U.S. national conference on earthquake engineering: Frontiers of earthquake engineering","conferenceDate":"July 21-25, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, Alaska","language":"English","doi":"10.4231/D3930NV9C","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., and Okawa, I., 2014, Drift issues of tall buildings during the March 11, 2011 M9.0 Tohoku earthquake, Japan - Implications, Tenth U.S. national conference on earthquake engineering: Frontiers of earthquake engineering, Anchorage, Alaska, July 21-25, 2014, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.4231/D3930NV9C.","productDescription":"11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042447","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571f3fb6e4b071321fe56a1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":3205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Okawa, Izuru","contributorId":168900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okawa","given":"Izuru","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70135874,"text":"70135874 - 2014 - Causal networks clarify productivity-richness interrelations, bivariate plots do not","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-18T11:33:46","indexId":"70135874","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1711,"text":"Functional Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Causal networks clarify productivity-richness interrelations, bivariate plots do not","docAbstract":"<ol>\n<li>Perhaps no other pair of variables in ecology has generated as much discussion as species richness and ecosystem productivity, as illustrated by the reactions by Pierce (2013) and others to Adler et al.'s (2011) report that empirical patterns are weak and inconsistent. Adler et al. (2011) argued we need to move beyond a focus on simplistic bivariate relationships and test mechanistic, multivariate causal hypotheses. We feel the continuing debate over productivity&ndash;richness relationships (PRRs) provides a focused context for illustrating the fundamental difficulties of using bivariate relationships to gain scientific understanding.</li>\n<li>Pierce (2013) disputes Adler et al.'s (2011) conclusion that bivariate productivity&ndash;richness relationships (PRRs) are &lsquo;weak and variable&rsquo;. He argues, instead, that relationships in the Adler et al. data are actually strong and, further, that failure to adhere to the humped-back model (HBM; sensu Grime 1979) threatens scientists' ability to advise conservationists. Here, we show that Pierce's reanalyses are invalid, that statistically significant boundary relations in the Adler et al. data are difficult to detect when proper methods are used and that his advice neither advances scientific understanding nor provides the quantitative forecasts actually needed by decision makers.</li>\n<li>We begin by examining Grimes' HBM through the lens of causal networks. We first translate the ideas contained in the HBM into a causal diagram, which shows explicitly how multiple processes are hypothesized to control biomass production and richness and their interrelationship. We then evaluate the causal diagram using structural equation modelling and example data from a published study of meadows in Finland. Formal analysis rejects the literal translation of the HBM and reveals additional processes at work. This exercise shows how the practice of abstracting systems as causal networks (i) clarifies possible hypotheses, (ii) permits explicit testing and (iii) provides more powerful and useful predictions.</li>\n<li>Building on the Finnish meadow example, we contrast the utility of bivariate plots compared with structural equation models for investigating underlying processes. Simulations illustrate the fallibility of bivariate analysis as a means of supporting one theory over another, while models based on causal networks can quantify the sensitivity of diversity patterns to both management and natural constraints.</li>\n<li>A key piece of Pierce's critique of Adler et al.'s conclusions relies on upper boundary regression which he claims to reveal strong relationships between production and richness in Adler et al.'s original data. We demonstrate that this technique shows strong associations in purely random data and is invalid for Adler et al.'s data because it depends on a uniform data distribution. We instead perform quantile regression on both the site-level summaries of the data and the plot-level data (using mixed-model quantile regression). Using a variety of nonlinear curve-fitting approaches, we were unable to detect a significant humped-shape boundary in the Adler et al. data. We reiterate that the bivariate productivity&ndash;richness relationships in Adler et al.'s data are weak and variable.</li>\n<li>We urge ecologists to consider productivity&ndash;richness relationships through the lens of causal networks to advance our understanding beyond bivariate analysis. Further, we emphasize that models based on a causal network conceptualization can also provide more meaningful guidance for conservation management than can a bivariate perspective. Measuring only two variables does not permit the evaluation of complex ideas nor resolve debates about underlying mechanisms.</li>\n</ol>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","doi":"10.1111/1365-2435.12269","usgsCitation":"Grace, J.B., Adler, P.B., Harpole, W.S., Borer, E.T., and Seabloom, E.W., 2014, Causal networks clarify productivity-richness interrelations, bivariate plots do not: Functional Ecology, v. 28, no. 4, p. 787-798, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12269.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"787","endPage":"798","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052277","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12269","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296792,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b4ee4b08de9379b3309","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adler, Peter B.","contributorId":64789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adler","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harpole, W. Stanley","contributorId":131024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harpole","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Stanley","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borer, Elizabeth T.","contributorId":45049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seabloom, Eric W.","contributorId":60762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seabloom","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70145458,"text":"70145458 - 2014 - Modeling future scenarios of light attenuation and potential seagrass success in a eutrophic estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-07T09:51:22","indexId":"70145458","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling future scenarios of light attenuation and potential seagrass success in a eutrophic estuary","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estuarine eutrophication has led to numerous ecological changes, including loss of seagrass beds. One potential cause of these losses is a reduction in light availability due to increased attenuation by phytoplankton. Future sea level rise will also tend to reduce light penetration and modify seagrass habitat. In the present study, we integrate a spectral irradiance model into a biogeochemical model coupled to the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS). It is linked to a bio-optical seagrass model to assess potential seagrass habitat in a eutrophic estuary under future nitrate loading and sea-level rise scenarios. The model was applied to West Falmouth Harbor, a shallow estuary located on Cape Cod (Massachusetts) where nitrate from groundwater has led to eutrophication and seagrass loss in landward portions of the estuary. Measurements of chlorophyll, turbidity, light attenuation, and seagrass coverage were used to assess the model accuracy. Mean chlorophyll based on uncalibrated in-situ fluorometry varied from 28&nbsp;&mu;g&nbsp;L</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;at the landward-most site to 6.5&nbsp;&mu;g&nbsp;L</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;at the seaward site, while light attenuation ranged from 0.86 to 0.45&nbsp;m</span><sup>-1</sup><span>. The model reproduced the spatial variability in chlorophyll and light attenuation with RMS errors of 3.72&nbsp;&mu;g&nbsp;L</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;and 0.07&nbsp;m</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;respectively. Scenarios of future nitrate reduction and sea-level rise suggest an improvement in light climate in the landward basin with a 75% reduction in nitrate loading. This coupled model may be useful to assess habitat availability changes due to eutrophication and sediment resuspension and fully considers spatial variability on the tidal timescale.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2014.07.005","usgsCitation":"del Barrio, P., Ganju, N., Aretxabaleta, A.L., Hayn, M., Garcia, A., and Howarth, R.W., 2014, Modeling future scenarios of light attenuation and potential seagrass success in a eutrophic estuary: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 149, p. 13-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2014.07.005.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056843","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"West Falmouth Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.65839767456053,\n              41.5937496696796\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.65839767456053,\n              41.61287552704954\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.63058853149414,\n              41.61287552704954\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.63058853149414,\n              41.5937496696796\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.65839767456053,\n              41.5937496696796\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"149","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5524ffaee4b027f0aee3d479","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"del Barrio, Pilar","contributorId":140079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"del Barrio","given":"Pilar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13379,"text":"Environmental Hydraulics Institute \"IH Cantabria\", C/ Isabel Torres nº15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ganju, Neil K. 0000-0002-1096-0465 nganju@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":1314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil K.","email":"nganju@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. 0000-0002-9914-8018 aaretxabaleta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9914-8018","contributorId":5464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aretxabaleta","given":"Alfredo","email":"aaretxabaleta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayn, Melanie","contributorId":57754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayn","given":"Melanie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13003,"text":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garcia, Andres","contributorId":81565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Andres","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13379,"text":"Environmental Hydraulics Institute \"IH Cantabria\", C/ Isabel Torres nº15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Howarth, Robert W.","contributorId":32066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howarth","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13003,"text":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70142549,"text":"70142549 - 2014 - A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy. I. Physical basis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T14:01:21","indexId":"70142549","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3878,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy. I. Physical basis","docAbstract":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: left;\"><span>To simulate debris-flow behaviour from initiation to deposition, we derive a depth-averaged, two-phase model that combines concepts of critical-state soil mechanics, grain-flow mechanics and fluid mechanics. The model's balance equations describe coupled evolution of the solid volume fraction,<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>m</i><span>, basal pore-fluid pressure, flow thickness and two components of flow velocity. Basal friction is evaluated using a generalized Coulomb rule, and fluid motion is evaluated in a frame of reference that translates with the velocity of the granular phase,<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>v</i><sub>s</sub><span>. Source terms in each of the depth-averaged balance equations account for the influence of the granular dilation rate, defined as the depth integral of ∇⋅</span><i>v</i><sub>s</sub><span>. Calculation of the dilation rate involves the effects of an elastic compressibility and an inelastic dilatancy angle proportional to<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>m</i><span>−</span><i>m</i><sub>eq</sub><span>, where<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>m</i><sub>eq</sub><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>is the value of<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>m</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>in equilibrium with the ambient stress state and flow rate. Normalization of the model equations shows that predicted debris-flow behaviour depends principally on the initial value of<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>m</i><span>−</span><i>m</i><sub>eq</sub><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>and on the ratio of two fundamental timescales. One of these timescales governs downslope debris-flow motion, and the other governs pore-pressure relaxation that modifies Coulomb friction and regulates evolution of<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>m</i><span>. A companion paper presents a suite of model predictions and tests.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rspa.2013.0819","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., and George, D.L., 2014, A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy. I. Physical basis: Proceedings of the Royal Society A, v. 471, no. 2170, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0819.","productDescription":"31 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053062","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0819","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298720,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"471","issue":"2170","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550aa1abe4b02e76d7590bc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"George, David L. 0000-0002-5726-0255 dgeorge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5726-0255","contributorId":3120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"David","email":"dgeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70133414,"text":"70133414 - 2014 - Dissolved organic carbon concentration controls benthic primary production: results from in situ chambers in north-temperate lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-18T10:09:59","indexId":"70133414","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved organic carbon concentration controls benthic primary production: results from in situ chambers in north-temperate lakes","docAbstract":"<p>We evaluated several potential drivers of primary production by benthic algae (periphyton) in north-temperate lakes. We used continuous dissolved oxygen measurements from in situ benthic chambers to quantify primary production by periphyton at multiple depths across 11 lakes encompassing a broad range of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total phosphorous (TP) concentrations. Light-use efficiency (primary production per unit incident light) was inversely related to average light availability (% of surface light) in 7 of the 11 study lakes, indicating that benthic algal assemblages exhibit photoadaptation, likely through physiological or compositional changes. DOC alone explained 86% of the variability in log-transformed whole-lake benthic production rates. TP was not an important driver of benthic production via its effects on nutrient and light availability. This result is contrary to studies in other systems, but may be common in relatively pristine north-temperate lakes. Our simple empirical model may allow for the prediction of whole-lake benthic primary production from easily obtained measurements of DOC concentration.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lo.2014.59.6.2112","usgsCitation":"Godwin, S.C., Jones, S., Weidel, B., and Solomon, C.T., 2014, Dissolved organic carbon concentration controls benthic primary production: results from in situ chambers in north-temperate lakes: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 59, no. 6, p. 2112-2120, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2014.59.6.2112.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2112","endPage":"2120","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056921","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488302,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Dissolved_organic_carbon_concentration_controls_benthic_primary_production_Results_from_in_situ_chambers_in_north-temperate_lakes/24826899","text":"External Repository"},{"id":296074,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d631e4b04d4b7dbd65ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godwin, Sean C.","contributorId":127430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Godwin","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6646,"text":"McGill University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Stuart E.","contributorId":22222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Stuart E.","affiliations":[{"id":6966,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Solomon, Christopher T.","contributorId":34014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6646,"text":"McGill University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70133239,"text":"70133239 - 2014 - Hierarchical model analysis of the Atlantic Flyway Breeding Waterfowl Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-14T13:19:24","indexId":"70133239","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical model analysis of the Atlantic Flyway Breeding Waterfowl Survey","docAbstract":"<p>We used log-linear hierarchical models to analyze data from the Atlantic Flyway Breeding Waterfowl Survey. The survey has been conducted by state biologists each year since 1989 in the northeastern United States from Virginia north to New Hampshire and Vermont. Although yearly population estimates from the survey are used by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service for estimating regional waterfowl population status for mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), black ducks (Anas rubripes), wood ducks (Aix sponsa), and Canada geese (Branta canadensis), they are not routinely adjusted to control for time of day effects and other survey design issues. The hierarchical model analysis permits estimation of year effects and population change while accommodating the repeated sampling of plots and controlling for time of day effects in counting. We compared population estimates from the current stratified random sample analysis to population estimates from hierarchical models with alternative model structures that describe year to year changes as random year effects, a trend with random year effects, or year effects modeled as 1-year differences. Patterns of population change from the hierarchical model results generally were similar to the patterns described by stratified random sample estimates, but significant visibility differences occurred between twilight to midday counts in all species. Controlling for the effects of time of day resulted in larger population estimates for all species in the hierarchical model analysis relative to the stratified random sample analysis. The hierarchical models also provided a convenient means of estimating population trend as derived statistics from the analysis. We detected significant declines in mallard and American black ducks and significant increases in wood ducks and Canada geese, a trend that had not been significant for 3 of these 4 species in the prior analysis. We recommend using hierarchical models for analysis of the Atlantic Flyway Breeding Waterfowl Survey.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.748","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., Zimmerman, G.S., Klimstra, J.D., and Link, W., 2014, Hierarchical model analysis of the Atlantic Flyway Breeding Waterfowl Survey: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 6, p. 1050-1059, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.748.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1050","endPage":"1059","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056345","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296095,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546727b7e4b04d4b7dbde84d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, Guthrie S.","contributorId":42473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Guthrie","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klimstra, Jon D.","contributorId":6985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klimstra","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Link, William A. wlink@usgs.gov","contributorId":3465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William A.","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70168380,"text":"70168380 - 2014 - Habitat structure and body size distributions: Cross-ecosystem comparison for taxa with determinate and indeterminate growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T15:02:06","indexId":"70168380","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat structure and body size distributions: Cross-ecosystem comparison for taxa with determinate and indeterminate growth","docAbstract":"<p><span>Habitat structure across multiple spatial and temporal scales has been proposed as a key driver of body size distributions for associated communities. Thus, understanding the relationship between habitat and body size is fundamental to developing predictions regarding the influence of habitat change on animal communities. Much of the work assessing the relationship between habitat structure and body size distributions has focused on terrestrial taxa with determinate growth, and has primarily analysed discontinuities (gaps) in the distribution of species mean sizes (species size relationships or SSRs). The suitability of this approach for taxa with indeterminate growth has yet to be determined. We provide a cross-ecosystem comparison of bird (determinate growth) and fish (indeterminate growth) body mass distributions using four independent data sets. We evaluate three size distribution indices: SSRs, species size&ndash;density relationships (SSDRs) and individual size&ndash;density relationships (ISDRs), and two types of analysis: looking for either discontinuities or abundance patterns and multi-modality in the distributions. To assess the respective suitability of these three indices and two analytical approaches for understanding habitat&ndash;size relationships in different ecosystems, we compare their ability to differentiate bird or fish communities found within contrasting habitat conditions. All three indices of body size distribution are useful for examining the relationship between cross-scale patterns of habitat structure and size for species with determinate growth, such as birds. In contrast, for species with indeterminate growth such as fish, the relationship between habitat structure and body size may be masked when using mean summary metrics, and thus individual-level data (ISDRs) are more useful. Furthermore, ISDRs, which have traditionally been used to study aquatic systems, present a potentially useful common currency for comparing body size distributions across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/oik.01314","usgsCitation":"Nash, K.L., Allen, C.R., Barichievy, C., Nystrom, M., Sundstrom, S.M., and Graham, N.A., 2014, Habitat structure and body size distributions: Cross-ecosystem comparison for taxa with determinate and indeterminate growth: Oikos, v. 123, no. 8, p. 971-983, https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.01314.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"971","endPage":"983","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054487","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Habitat_structure_and_body_size_distributions_cross-ecosystem_comparison_for_taxa_with_determinate_and_indeterminate_growth/22938329","text":"External Repository"},{"id":317957,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bdbec4e4b06458514aeecb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nash, Kirsty L.","contributorId":40897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"Kirsty","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barichievy, Chris","contributorId":17119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barichievy","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nystrom, Magnus","contributorId":36460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nystrom","given":"Magnus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sundstrom, Shana M.","contributorId":7159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundstrom","given":"Shana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Graham, Nicholas A.J.","contributorId":101990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70170271,"text":"70170271 - 2014 - Late Holocene sea level variability and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-08T13:44:05","indexId":"70170271","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Holocene sea level variability and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pre-twentieth century sea level (SL) variability remains poorly understood due to limits of tide gauge records, low temporal resolution of tidal marsh records, and regional anomalies caused by dynamic ocean processes, notably multidecadal changes in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). We examined SL and AMOC variability along the eastern United States over the last 2000 years, using a SL curve constructed from proxy sea surface temperature (SST) records from Chesapeake Bay, and twentieth century SL-sea surface temperature (SST) relations derived from tide gauges and instrumental SST. The SL curve shows multidecadal-scale variability (20&ndash;30&thinsp;years) during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age (LIA), as well as the twentieth century. During these SL oscillations, short-term rates ranged from 2 to 4&thinsp;mm&thinsp;yr</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>, roughly similar to those of the last few decades. These oscillations likely represent internal modes of climate variability related to AMOC variability and originating at high latitudes, although the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Results imply that dynamic ocean changes, in addition to thermosteric, glacio-eustatic, or glacio-isostatic processes are an inherent part of SL variability in coastal regions, even during millennial-scale climate oscillations such as the MCA and LIA and should be factored into efforts that use tide gauges and tidal marsh sediments to understand global sea level rise.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2014PA002632","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., Farmer, J.R., Marzen, R.E., Thomas, E., and Varekamp, J., 2014, Late Holocene sea level variability and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Paleoceanography, v. 29, no. 8, p. 765-777, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014PA002632.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"765","endPage":"777","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030583","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d86d5rkn","text":"External Repository"},{"id":326241,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a9ad60e4b05e859bdfba13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farmer, Jesse R.","contributorId":35564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Marzen, R. E.","contributorId":147453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marzen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Thomas, E.","contributorId":64467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Varekamp, J.C.","contributorId":56006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varekamp","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70192716,"text":"70192716 - 2014 - The implications of microbial and substrate limitation for the fates of carbon in different organic soil horizon types of boreal forest ecosystems: a mechanistically based model analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T14:24:16","indexId":"70192716","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The implications of microbial and substrate limitation for the fates of carbon in different organic soil horizon types of boreal forest ecosystems: a mechanistically based model analysis","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"pb_abstract\">The large amount of soil carbon in boreal forest ecosystems has the potential to influence the climate system if released in large quantities in response to warming. Thus, there is a need to better understand and represent the environmental sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition. Most soil carbon decomposition models rely on empirical relationships omitting key biogeochemical mechanisms and their response to climate change is highly uncertain. In this study, we developed a multi-layer microbial explicit soil decomposition model framework for boreal forest ecosystems. A thorough sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify dominating biogeochemical processes and to highlight structural limitations. Our results indicate that substrate availability (limited by soil water diffusion and substrate quality) is likely to be a major constraint on soil decomposition in the fibrous horizon (40–60% of soil organic carbon (SOC) pool size variation), while energy limited microbial activity in the amorphous horizon exerts a predominant control on soil decomposition (&gt;70% of SOC pool size variation). Elevated temperature alleviated the energy constraint of microbial activity most notably in amorphous soils, whereas moisture only exhibited a marginal effect on dissolved substrate supply and microbial activity. Our study highlights the different decomposition properties and underlying mechanisms of soil dynamics between fibrous and amorphous soil horizons. Soil decomposition models should consider explicitly representing different boreal soil horizons and soil–microbial interactions to better characterize biogeochemical processes in boreal forest ecosystems. A more comprehensive representation of critical biogeochemical mechanisms of soil moisture effects may be required to improve the performance of the soil model we analyzed in this study.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-11-4477-2014","usgsCitation":"He, Y., Zhuang, Q., Harden, J.W., McGuire, A.D., Fan, Z., Liu, Y., and Wickland, K.P., 2014, The implications of microbial and substrate limitation for the fates of carbon in different organic soil horizon types of boreal forest ecosystems: a mechanistically based model analysis: Biogeosciences, v. 11, p. 4477-4491, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4477-2014.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"4477","endPage":"4491","ipdsId":"IP-052014","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4477-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425c6e4b0dc0b45b45421","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"He, Y.","contributorId":23319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhuang, Q.","contributorId":40772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhuang","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fan, Z.","contributorId":31211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Y.","contributorId":127400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6940,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly P. 0000-0002-6400-0590 kpwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":1835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","email":"kpwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70191254,"text":"70191254 - 2014 - Raman spectroscopic characterization of CH4 density over a wide range of temperature and pressure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-02T14:10:57","indexId":"70191254","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5508,"text":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Raman spectroscopic characterization of CH4 density over a wide range of temperature and pressure","docAbstract":"<p><span>The positions of the CH</span><sub>4</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>Raman ν</span><sub>1</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>symmetric stretching bands were measured in a wide range of temperature (from −180 °C to 350 °C) and density (up to 0.45 g/cm</span><sup>3</sup><span>) using high-pressure optical cell and fused silica capillary capsule. The results show that the Raman band shift is a function of both methane density and temperature; the band shifts to lower wavenumbers as the density increases and the temperature decreases. An equation representing the observed relationship among the CH</span><sub>4</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>ν</span><sub>1</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>band position, temperature, and density can be used to calculate the density in natural or synthetic CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>-bearing inclusions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jrs.4529","usgsCitation":"Shang, L., Chou, I., Burruss, R., Hu, R., and Bi, X., 2014, Raman spectroscopic characterization of CH4 density over a wide range of temperature and pressure: Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, v. 45, no. 8, p. 696-702, https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.4529.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"696","endPage":"702","ipdsId":"IP-054440","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59d3502be4b05fe04cc34d76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shang, Linbo","contributorId":196816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shang","given":"Linbo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chou, I-Ming 0000-0001-5233-6479 imchou@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I-Ming","email":"imchou@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burruss, Robert 0000-0001-6827-804X burruss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":146833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"Robert","email":"burruss@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hu, Ruizhong","contributorId":196817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Ruizhong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bi, Xianwu","contributorId":196818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bi","given":"Xianwu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70176214,"text":"70176214 - 2014 - Petrographic maturity parameters of a Devonian shale maturation series, Appalachian Basin, USA. ICCP Thermal Indices Working Group interlaboratory exercise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-01T15:58:02","indexId":"70176214","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrographic maturity parameters of a Devonian shale maturation series, Appalachian Basin, USA. ICCP Thermal Indices Working Group interlaboratory exercise","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\">This paper presents results of an interlaboratory exercise on organic matter optical maturity parameters using a natural maturation series comprised by three Devonian shale samples (Huron Member, Ohio Shale) from the Appalachian Basin, USA. This work was conducted by the Thermal Indices Working Group of the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP) Commission II (Geological Applications of Organic Petrology). This study aimed to compare: 1. maturation predicted by different types of petrographic parameters (vitrinite reflectance and spectral fluorescence of telalginite), 2. reproducibility of the results for these maturation parameters obtained by different laboratories, and 3. improvements in the spectral fluorescence measurement obtained using modern detection systems in comparison with the results from historical round robin exercises.</p><p id=\"sp0010\">Mean random vitrinite reflectance measurements presented the highest level of reproducibility (group standard deviation 0.05) for low maturity and reproducibility diminished with increasing maturation (group standard deviation 0.12).</p><p id=\"sp0015\">Corrected fluorescence spectra, provided by 14 participants, showed a fair to good correspondence. Standard deviation of the mean values for spectral parameters was lowest for the low maturity sample but was also fairly low for higher maturity samples.</p><p id=\"sp0020\">A significant improvement in the reproducibility of corrected spectral fluorescence curves was obtained in the current exercise compared to a previous investigation of Toarcian organic matter spectra in a maturation series from the Paris Basin. This improvement is demonstrated by lower values of standard deviation and is interpreted to reflect better performance of newer photo-optical measuring systems.</p><p id=\"sp0025\">Fluorescence parameters measured here are in good agreement with vitrinite reflectance values for the least mature shale but indicate higher maturity than shown by vitrinite reflectance for the two more mature shales. This red shift in λ<sub>max</sub> beyond 0.65% vitrinite reflectance was also observed in studies of Devonian shale in other basins, suggesting that the accepted correlation for these two petrographic thermal maturity parameters needs to be re-evaluated.</p><p id=\"sp0030\">A good linear correlation between λ<sub>max</sub> and T<sub>max</sub> for this maturation series was observed and λ<sub>max</sub> 600&nbsp;nm corresponds to T<sub>max</sub> of 440&nbsp;°C. Nevertheless if a larger set of Devonian samples is included, the correlation is polynomial with a jump in λ<sub>max</sub> ranging from 540 to 570&nbsp;nm. Up to 440&nbsp;°C of T<sub>max</sub>, the λ<sub>max</sub>, mostly, reaches up to 500&nbsp;nm; beyond a T<sub>max</sub> of 440&nbsp;°C, λ<sub>max</sub> is in the range of 580–600&nbsp;nm. This relationship places the “red shift” when the onset of the oil window is reached at T<sub>max</sub> of 440&nbsp;°C. Moreover, the correlation between HI and λ<sub>max</sub> (r<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.70) shows a striking inflection and decrease in HI above a λ<sub>max</sub> of 600&nbsp;nm, coincident with the approximate onset of hydrocarbon generation in these rocks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2014.05.002","usgsCitation":"Araujo, C.V., Borrego, A.G., Cardott, B., das Chagas, R.B., Flores, D., Goncalves, P., Hackley, P.C., Hower, J., Kern, M.L., Kus, J., Mastalerz, M., Filho, J.G., de Oliveira Mendonca, J., Rego Menezes, T., Newman, J., Suarez-Ruiz, I., Sobrinho da Silva, F., and Viegas de Souza, I., 2014, Petrographic maturity parameters of a Devonian shale maturation series, Appalachian Basin, USA. ICCP Thermal Indices Working Group interlaboratory exercise: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 130, p. 89-101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2014.05.002.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"101","ipdsId":"IP-053387","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c95130e4b0f2f0cec15bff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Araujo, Carla Viviane","contributorId":60137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Araujo","given":"Carla","email":"","middleInitial":"Viviane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borrego, Angeles G.","contributorId":56573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borrego","given":"Angeles","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cardott, Brian","contributorId":54909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardott","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"das Chagas, Renata Brenand A.","contributorId":174244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"das Chagas","given":"Renata","email":"","middleInitial":"Brenand A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flores, Deolinda","contributorId":31287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"Deolinda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goncalves, 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