Critical water supply watersheds in the western United States (WUS) are impacted by wildfires, with potential negative effects on water quality and quantity. Scientific understanding is currently insufficient to deliver estimates of wildfire consequences for water quantity that are regionally accurate. Regional variability in the directionality and magnitude of post-wildfire shifts in streamflow generation fuels uncertainty in estimates of wildfire effects on water supply. In this work we provide a narrative review of wildfire effects on hydrologic processes and the resulting changes in streamflow generation mechanisms with a focus on the WUS, incorporating other global regions when pertinent. A conceptual model summary of wildfire effects on streamflow generation emphasizes: (1) precipitation seasonality, (2) synchrony of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, (3) net shifts in interception, evaporation, and transpiration relative to total annual precipitation, (4) vegetation changes, including compensatory uptake and type conversion, (5) degree of overlap in rainfall rates and infiltration, (6) fire extent and severity, (7) burn scar positioning (e.g. in headwaters or proximal to watershed outlet), (8) scale-dependent groundwater leakage, (9) near-surface water storage reduction, and (10) soil to groundwater connectivity. Ongoing gaps and challenges include separating the influences of precipitation variability, water withdrawals, and post-fire land management; compound and overlapping disturbances; and lack of pre-fire data. Notable future opportunities include: harnessing ever-improving gridded and remotely sensed precipitation and fire-effects data; linking geophysical, isotopic tracer, and geochemical signatures to diagnose hydrologic changes; leveraging physically based and data-driven model advancements; and analyzing streamflow generation recovery trajectories across diverse watersheds.
","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Publishing","doi":"10.1088/3033-4942/ae2a64","usgsCitation":"Ebel, B.A., Hammond, J., Walvoord, M.A., Partridge, T.F., Rey, D., and Murphy, S.F., 2026, A review and synthesis of post-wildfire shifts in hydrologic processes and streamflow generation mechanisms: Environmental Research: Water, v. 1, no. 4, 042001, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/3033-4942/ae2a64.","productDescription":"042001, 29 p.","ipdsId":"IP-178244","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/3033-4942/ae2a64","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":499183,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"western United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -127.12193959016071,\n 49.09854340485592\n ],\n [\n -127.12193959016071,\n 31.217992482905444\n ],\n [\n -103.12645954620436,\n 31.217992482905444\n ],\n [\n -103.12645954620436,\n 49.09854340485592\n ],\n [\n -127.12193959016071,\n 49.09854340485592\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963 bebel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":218151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian","email":"bebel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammond, John C. 0000-0002-4935-0736","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4935-0736","contributorId":223108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"John C.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle A. 0000-0003-4269-8366","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":211843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Partridge, Trevor Fuess 0000-0003-1589-4783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1589-4783","contributorId":302668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Partridge","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"Fuess","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rey, David M. 0000-0003-2629-365X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-365X","contributorId":211848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rey","given":"David M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Murphy, Sheila F. 0000-0002-5481-3635 sfmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3635","contributorId":1854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sheila","email":"sfmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70273478,"text":"70273478 - 2026 - Computation of regional groundwater budgets for the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-16T14:45:03.556815","indexId":"70273478","displayToPublicDate":"2026-01-15T08:35:29","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":27,"text":"Preprint"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":32,"text":"Preprint"},"seriesTitle":{"id":18346,"text":"EarthArXiv","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":32}},"title":"Computation of regional groundwater budgets for the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system","docAbstract":"Computation of detailed groundwater flow budgets for subdivisions of Virginia’s Coastal Plain aquifer system has enabled quantification and more thorough understanding of groundwater flow within this important water resource. A zone budget analysis conducted on previously published groundwater models of the Virginia Coastal Plain and Virginia Eastern Shore shows that groundwater conditions vary substantially throughout the Coastal Plain aquifer system due to local variations in hydrogeology and historical and ongoing variations in groundwater use and management. Decades of substantial groundwater withdrawal from the Coastal Plain aquifer system have fundamentally altered groundwater flow from pre-development conditions. Rates of sustainable withdrawal are limited because the downward groundwater flow rate into confined aquifers supplying groundwater is a relatively small portion of the total groundwater water budget for the aquifer system.
Analyses of groundwater budgets from the Virginia Coastal Plain model show that groundwater flow is generally outward from the surficial aquifer to rivers and coastal water bodies and downward through a series of underlying aquifers and confining units to the Potomac aquifer, which is the deepest aquifer and the source of most groundwater withdrawals. Downward flow into the Potomac aquifer currently is estimated to be only 7 percent of total net precipitation-derived net recharge at the land surface but makes up about 66 percent of inflow to the aquifer in Virginia, with much of the remaining inflow occurring laterally from areas outside of defined groundwater budget regions in Virginia. For several decades prior to 2010, high rates of withdrawal from the Potomac aquifer resulted in substantial decline in groundwater storage in the aquifer and in most overlying aquifers and confining units. From 2010 to 2025, rates of withdrawal substantially lower than the historical maximum have resulted in small net increases in groundwater storage in the confined aquifer system for most regions of the Virginia Coastal Plain. Nevertheless, for the same period, groundwater storage for the entire model domain continues to incrementally decline, indicating that storage recovery in Virginia is offset by a continued decrease in storage in areas beneath the Chesapeake Bay or in adjacent areas of Maryland and North Carolina. Withdrawals from the Potomac aquifer have induced substantial downward flow which is a large part of groundwater budgets for confined aquifers such as the Potomac. Downward groundwater flow continues under current conditions, but because vertical flow rates are a function of the difference between water pressure in the upper surficial systems and lower confined units, those rates are lower than those in earlier decades as the confined water levels partially recover from larger groundwater withdrawals in the past. Geographically, groundwater flow is generally inward from perimeter regions of the Virginia Coastal Plain toward central regions with the largest withdrawal rates. Estimated groundwater inflow from coastal regions could be contributing to saltwater intrusion, though that was not measured directly in this study.
Analyses of groundwater budgets from the Virginia Eastern Shore peninsula, a geographic region of the Virginia Coastal Plain, show that groundwater flow for that isolated aquifer system is generally outward from the surficial aquifer to coastal water bodies and downward into the confined Yorktown-Eastover aquifer system, which is the source of most withdrawals. Downward groundwater flow into the confined Yorktown-Eastover aquifer system is estimated to be less than 2 percent of total recharge and less than 9 percent of net recharge at the water table but makes up over 93 percent of all inflow to the confined aquifer system. Decades of substantial but relatively consistent groundwater withdrawals have induced greater downward flow rates into the confined aquifer system but also have resulted in loss of groundwater from storage. Currently, estimated storage loss accounts for slightly under 7 percent of withdrawals from the confined aquifer system. The current withdrawal rate from the confined Yorktown-Eastover system is near the highest reported rate for the Eastern Shore, which means that the storage depletion is expected to continue, even though groundwater levels appear to be relatively stable. Estimated groundwater flow rates upward from the confining unit underlying the Yorktown-Eastover system and small rates of inflow from coastal water bodies underscore ongoing concerns about up-coning and lateral intrusion of salty groundwater.
Accurate tectonic models are essential for assessing seismic hazard and fault interactions. However, the plate configuration at the complex Mendocino triple junction, where the San Andreas Fault and the Cascadia subduction zone meet, remains uncertain. We analyzed fault slip associated with a recently identified zone of tectonic tremor and low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) near the southern edge of the subducting Gorda slab. Based on tidal sensitivity and P-wave first motions, we show that the LFEs are generated by dipping, strike-slip motion. This suggests that a former Farallon slab fragment, now captured by the Pacific plate, is translating northward beneath westernmost North America. This geometry effectively extends the slab interface fault, challenging prevailing interpretations of slab window formation and creating a potential unaccounted earthquake hazard in this region.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.aeb2407","usgsCitation":"Shelly, D.R., Thomas, A.M., Materna, K.Z., and Skoumal, R.J., 2026, Low-frequency earthquakes track the motion of a captured slab fragment: Science, v. 391, no. 6782, p. 294-299, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aeb2407.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"294","endPage":"299","ipdsId":"IP-180199","costCenters":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498811,"rank":3,"type":{"id":42,"text":"Open Access USGS Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70273506/full"},{"id":498810,"rank":2,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ja/70273506/70273506.XML"},{"id":498792,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"391","issue":"6782","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelly, David R. 0000-0003-2783-5158 dshelly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2783-5158","contributorId":206750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Amanda M.","contributorId":200641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":954080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Materna, Kathryn Z. 0000-0002-6687-980X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6687-980X","contributorId":209697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Materna","given":"Kathryn","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":13693,"text":"University of Colorado Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skoumal, Robert J. 0000-0002-5627-6239 rskoumal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5627-6239","contributorId":191213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skoumal","given":"Robert","email":"rskoumal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70274087,"text":"70274087 - 2026 - Ground-motion simulations for the 2024 Mw 4.8 Tewksbury, New Jersey, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-25T14:24:47.080909","indexId":"70274087","displayToPublicDate":"2026-01-15T08:01:06","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Ground-motion simulations for the 2024 Mw 4.8 Tewksbury, New Jersey, earthquake","title":"Ground-motion simulations for the 2024 Mw 4.8 Tewksbury, New Jersey, earthquake","docAbstract":"Ground-motion simulations of notable earthquakes in the central and eastern United States are limited and typically assume one-dimensional (1D) Earth structure. In this study, we use a three-dimensional (3D) seismic velocity model to better constrain the depth and focal mechanism of the April 5th, 2024, moment magnitude 4.8 Tewksbury earthquake and investigate the spatial variability of earthquake ground motions and the effects of nearby sedimentary basins. We perform earthquake ground-motion simulations up to 0.5 Hz using the 3D spectral-element wave-propagation solver SPECFEM3D over a region 280-km wide by 260-km long by 77-km deep. Topography and subsurface geophysical structure are assigned using the U.S. Geological Survey National Crustal Model with a minimum shear-wave velocity of 200 m/s. We use earthquake time series from 13 broadband seismic stations in the region that have a uniform azimuthal distribution and epicentral distances ranging from 76 to 131 km to compare with synthetics and explore the effects of 1D versus 3D seismic structure on focal mechanism and depth solutions. Ground-motion intensity metrics are also presented relative to the NGA-East ground-motion models (GMMs) currently used in seismic hazard assessments for the region. We find that the 3D model, which reveals a wide spatial variability of period-dependent ground motions, yields better predictions of earthquake ground motions relative to the 1D model and the NGA-East ergodic ground-motion model, with 76 percent reduction of residual variance in observed ground motions averaged over 3-, 5-, 7-, and 10-second periods. Use of the 3D model to solve for a focal mechanism yields a shallower focal depth at 4 km and a shallower east-dipping focal plane relative to the U.S. Geological Survey regional moment tensor and Global Centroid Moment Tensor. Our study demonstrates that use of 3D seismic velocity models can improve estimates of earthquake focal mechanisms, ground motions, and seismic hazard.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220250333","usgsCitation":"Boyd, O.S., Bozdağ, E., Kehoe, H.L., Moschetti, M.P., 2026, Ground-motion simulations for the 2024 Mw 4.8 Tewksbury, New Jersey, earthquake: Seismological Research Letters, v. 97, no. 2A, p. 755-766, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220250333.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"755","endPage":"766","ipdsId":"IP-184176","costCenters":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500604,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1785/0220250333","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":500477,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.13460496006654,\n 41.13685910148769\n ],\n [\n -75.13460496006654,\n 40.31012949967425\n ],\n [\n -74.00929946762524,\n 40.31012949967425\n ],\n [\n -74.00929946762524,\n 41.13685910148769\n ],\n [\n -75.13460496006654,\n 41.13685910148769\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"2A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyd, Oliver S. 0000-0001-9457-0407 olboyd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9457-0407","contributorId":140739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","email":"olboyd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bozdağ, Ebru","contributorId":365873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bozdağ","given":"Ebru","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kehoe, Haiyang Liam 0000-0002-5818-6077","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5818-6077","contributorId":362101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kehoe","given":"Haiyang","middleInitial":"Liam","affiliations":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moschetti, Morgan P. 0000-0001-7261-0295 mmoschetti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-0295","contributorId":1662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moschetti","given":"Morgan","email":"mmoschetti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70273408,"text":"fs20263059 - 2026 - Assessment of undiscovered continuous and conventional oil and gas resources in the Woodford and Barnett Shales of the Permian Basin Province, Texas and New Mexico, 2025","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-03T17:07:11.184152","indexId":"fs20263059","displayToPublicDate":"2026-01-14T11:50:00","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-3059","displayTitle":"Assessment of Undiscovered Continuous and Conventional Oil and Gas Resources in the Woodford and Barnett Shales of the Permian Basin Province, Texas and New Mexico, 2025","title":"Assessment of undiscovered continuous and conventional oil and gas resources in the Woodford and Barnett Shales of the Permian Basin Province, Texas and New Mexico, 2025","docAbstract":"Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean continuous and conventional resources of 1.6 billion barrels of oil and 28.3 trillion cubic feet of gas in the Woodford and Barnett Shales of the Permian Basin Province.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20263059","programNote":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment","usgsCitation":"Cicero, A.D., Schenk, C.J., Lagesse, J.H., Johnson, B.G., Mercier, T.J., Leathers-Miller, H.M., Gelman, S.E., Hearon, J.S., and Le, P.A., 2026, Assessment of undiscovered continuous and conventional oil and gas resources in the Woodford and Barnett Shales of the Permian Basin Province, Texas and New Mexico, 2025: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2026–3059, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20263059.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p,; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-179456","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498559,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13P5ZGT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project—Permian Basin Province, Woodford Shale and Barnett Shale Conventional and Continuous Assessment Unit Boundaries, Assessment Input Data, and Fact Sheet Data Tables"},{"id":498556,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3059/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":498906,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119161.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":498624,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20263059/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2026-3059"},{"id":498620,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3059/fs20263059.xml"},{"id":498619,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3059/images"},{"id":498557,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3059/fs20263059.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.60 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2026-3059"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Woodford and Barnett Shales","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -101.5,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -101.5,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 33\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
The hydrologic regime of the upper Mississippi River (UMR) has become wetter, with greater discharges, longer-lasting high-flow conditions, and seasonal shifts in these patterns over the past several decades. How these changes are expressed spatially as floodplain inundation area, frequency, depth, duration, and timing is not well understood. It is also unclear to what degree spatial patterns of submergence are represented by examining discharge data alone. We assessed changes in floodplain inundation characteristics from 1940 to 2022 in navigation pools 3–10 of the UMR using a geospatial model to simulate daily inundation depths. Inundation characteristics shifted significantly across pools, but the direction and magnitude of change varied by pool and metric. Characteristics summarized at the pool scale correlated with streamgage-derived proxies but the strength of the relationship varied. Within pools, variability in inundation trends highlighted the importance of spatially explicit modeling. Our study demonstrates that changes in discharge over 83 years have manifested across the UMR floodplain in ways that may have consequences for ecological patterns and processes. By mapping hydrologically sensitive areas, we can anticipate which areas may be susceptible to additional shifts in river discharge in a climatically uncertain future.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2025WR040614","usgsCitation":"Van Appledorn, M., De Jager, N.R., Rohweder, J.J., Windmuller-Campione, M., and Griffin, D., 2026, More water, more of the time: Spatial changes in flooding over 83 years in the upper Mississippi River floodplain and relationships with streamgage-derived proxies: Water Resources Research, v. 62, no. 1, e2025WR040614, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2025WR040614.","productDescription":"e2025WR040614, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-177472","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025wr040614","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":499099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota, Wiscosnin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River floodplain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.18148467325908,\n 45.61816060242495\n ],\n [\n -94.18148467325908,\n 42.68629353773204\n ],\n [\n -90.60968047878275,\n 42.68629353773204\n ],\n [\n -90.60968047878275,\n 45.61816060242495\n ],\n [\n -94.18148467325908,\n 45.61816060242495\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Appledorn, Molly 0000-0002-8029-0014","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8029-0014","contributorId":205785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Appledorn","given":"Molly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De Jager, Nathan R. 0000-0002-6649-4125 ndejager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-4125","contributorId":3717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Jager","given":"Nathan","email":"ndejager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rohweder, Jason J. 0000-0001-5131-9773 jrohweder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5131-9773","contributorId":150539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohweder","given":"Jason","email":"jrohweder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Windmuller-Campione, Marcella","contributorId":292936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Windmuller-Campione","given":"Marcella","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Griffin, Daniel","contributorId":203862,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Griffin","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36733,"text":"Department of Geography, Environment &Society, University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70273697,"text":"70273697 - 2026 - A new inventory and conservation assessment of United States islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-23T15:37:26.19888","indexId":"70273697","displayToPublicDate":"2026-01-14T09:24:52","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5419,"text":"Annals of the American Association of Geographers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new inventory and conservation assessment of United States islands","docAbstract":"To support conservation-focused research and management we developed a new 30-m resolution polygon data layer of the nonlacustrine and nonriverine islands of the United States, with associated attributes describing key physical and conservation geography characteristics. Islands were grouped into a three-tiered hierarchy of island regions (twelve), island provinces (twenty-eight), and individual islands (19,023). Islands were classified as either continental or oceanic based on their physiographic position relative to the North America continental shelf, and estuarine versus nonestuarine depending on their location within or external to estuaries. For each island we assessed the diversity of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems, the number of threatened and endangered (T&E) species listed under the Endangered Species Act, the number of T&E species critical habitats, the number of migratory bird species listed under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, the number of Key Biodiversity Areas, and the number of and management responsibility for protected areas. We conclude that the conservation importance of islands is disproportionate to their total area as, for example, islands contain 52 percent of the T&E species yet their total area is only 2 percent of the area of the continental mainland. Similarly, of the global total of 431 World Terrestrial Ecosystems, 201 (47 percent) occur on U.S. islands compared with 286 (66 percent) that occur on the U.S. continental mainland.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/24694452.2025.2604843","usgsCitation":"Sayre, R., Martin, M.T., Naji, N., Sides, K.B., Cress, J., Butler, K., Van Graafeiland, K., Karagulle, D., Frye, C., Breyer, S., Wright, D., Klavitter, J., Spatz, D., Will, D., Howald, G., Wegmann, A., Stanley, C., and Holmes, N., 2026, A new inventory and conservation assessment of United States islands: Annals of the American Association of Geographers, https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2025.2604843.","ipdsId":"IP-171404","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2025.2604843","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":498993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sayre, Roger 0000-0001-6703-7105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6703-7105","contributorId":302356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayre","given":"Roger","affiliations":[{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Madeline T. 0000-0002-2704-1879","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-1879","contributorId":261694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Madeline","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naji, Nadia 0000-0001-9039-1655","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-1655","contributorId":360509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naji","given":"Nadia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":954384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sides, Kelly B. 0000-0003-1107-3355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1107-3355","contributorId":360508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sides","given":"Kelly","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cress, Jill Janene 0000-0002-3148-8374","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3148-8374","contributorId":213645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cress","given":"Jill Janene","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Butler, Kevin","contributorId":358586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":38832,"text":"Esri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Van Graafeiland, Keith","contributorId":200271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Graafeiland","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18946,"text":"Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. 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Here, we present an integrated suite of high-resolution bathymetry, subbottom profiles, and sediment cores from combined autonomous underwater vehicle, remotely operated vehicle, and ship-based studies at a key paleoseismic site in the southern Cascadia subduction zone. We demonstrate how widespread, earthquake-triggered landslides on the lower slope deposit discrete, proximal mass transport deposits (MTDs) that grade offshore into complex, interfingered abyssal turbidites, which correspond to records of megathrust earthquake history. We propose accretion and oversteepening of thrust folds on the lower slope both preconditions the slope to fail and provides a perpetual source of unstable material to fail during every earthquake cycle. Furthermore, we suggest the periodic and pervasive landsliding indicates coseismic deformation of the outer accretionary wedge during megathrust rupture.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adx6028","usgsCitation":"Hill, J.C., Watt, J., Paull, C.K., Caress, D., Brothers, D., Arizmendi, K., Gwiazda, R., Kluesner, J., Lundsten, E.M., Nieminski, N.M., Padgett, J.S., Paduan, J.B., and Snyder, G.R., 2026, Widespread abyssal turbidites record megathrust earthquake-triggered landslides and coseismic deformation in the Cascadia subduction zone: Science Advances, v. 12, no. 3, eadx6028, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adx6028.","productDescription":"eadx6028, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-177326","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adx6028","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":500958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia subduction zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.25,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -125.25,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -125.25,\n 43\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Jenna C. 0000-0002-7475-357X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7475-357X","contributorId":21987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Jenna","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watt, Janet 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We conducted a field investigation of the influence of hydrodynamic forcing, sediment properties, and benthic infauna on erodibility in the muddy shallows of San Pablo and Grizzly Bays in northern San Francisco Bay in summer 2019 and winter 2020. An erosion rate parameter Mc was determined from regressions between near-bed vertical turbulent sediment flux, as a proxy for erosion, and bed shear stress due to currents. During each 2-month study period, we measured benthic infauna abundance and dry bulk density, particle size distribution, percent organic carbon, chlorophyll a, pheophytin a, and carbohydrates carbon concentrations of surficial bed sediments five or six times. Mc increased with bed shear stress due to waves in both embayments. In San Pablo Bay, erodibility was approximately 50% lower during the winter than the summer deployment, whereas in Grizzly Bay, there was no significant difference. The factor most strongly related to the decrease in Mc in San Pablo Bay was increased abundance of the amphipod Ampelisca abdita. The observed reduction in erodibility may occur in many muddy estuaries because A. abdita is broadly distributed in the coastal waters of North America. Erodibility was also directly related to biomass of the invasive clam Potamocorbula amurensis. Erodibility did not depend on dry bulk density: bulk density did not vary seasonally in San Pablo Bay and was lower in winter than summer in Grizzly Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2025JG008950","usgsCitation":"Lacy, J.R., McGill, S., Thompson, J., Allen, R., Parchaso, F., Hart, D., WinklerPrins, L.T., Fackrell, J.K., and Stevens, A.W., 2026, Biophysical controls on sediment erodibility in shallow estuarine embayments: JGR Biogeosciences, v. 131, no. 1, e2025JG008950, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JG008950.","productDescription":"e2025JG008950, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-176847","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jg008950","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":498648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Grizzly Bay, San Pablo Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.55721447677519,\n 38.20084657985487\n ],\n [\n -122.55721447677519,\n 37.97556183117294\n ],\n [\n -121.92713639875167,\n 37.97556183117294\n ],\n [\n -121.92713639875167,\n 38.20084657985487\n ],\n [\n -122.55721447677519,\n 38.20084657985487\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"131","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacy, Jessica R. 0000-0002-2797-6172","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-6172","contributorId":201703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGill, Samantha C. 0000-0001-9320-8764","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9320-8764","contributorId":304095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGill","given":"Samantha C.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Janet 0000-0002-1528-8452","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":217718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - 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2026 - The contribution of a surge event to infilling in a barrier-enclosed estuary: Insights from field observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-26T15:46:30.900446","indexId":"70273711","displayToPublicDate":"2026-01-14T08:39:59","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The contribution of a surge event to infilling in a barrier-enclosed estuary: Insights from field observations","docAbstract":"Many estuaries worldwide face increasing sediment loading caused by catchment land use change and intensification, creating subsequent adverse effects on estuarine ecosystems. Extreme weather events can disproportionately alter sediment pathways and loading. Although storm-driven sediment exchange has been widely examined at open coasts and inlets, key transport mechanisms within constricted, sheltered estuaries remain understudied.
This study presents an observational dataset capturing the impact of a 99th percentile water-level event (based on 20 years of records) on sediment transport pathways in a sheltered, barrier-enclosed estuary. This event, driven by a 3-day storm surge (>0.5 m) combined with a spring tide, was recorded during a 3-week field campaign.
Sediment transport pathways and riverine contributions were analysed, and observations revealed substantial changes in suspended sediment concentrations increasing from 18 mg/l to 70 mg/l during the event. The elevated water levels and resulting pressure gradient at the constricted study site entrance caused by the storm surge increased local flood dominance. Combined with higher flow velocities and resuspension, the storm led to a sixfold increase in sediment import at the estuary entrance and a 600-fold increase in sediment flux to the upper estuary.
The decoupling of peak suspended sediment concentrations from streamflow indicates that the resuspension of estuarine legacy sediment, rather than catchment inputs, dominated the system's response.
These findings challenge assumptions about estuarine sediment budgets and emphasise that incorporating high water-level surge events into models can enhance the prediction of long-term estuarine evolution. Given projected increases in storm frequency under climate change, understanding these episodic but highly consequential sediment pulses can support the assessment of wetland resilience and inform estuarine management strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.70229","usgsCitation":"Vaassen, S.M., Bryan, K.R., Swales, A., Carr, J., and Pilditch, C.A., 2026, The contribution of a surge event to infilling in a barrier-enclosed estuary: Insights from field observations: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 51, no. 1, e70229, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70229.","productDescription":"e70229, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-176448","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70229","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":499020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","otherGeospatial":"Whangateau Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 174.32168403285908,\n -36.289067166278265\n ],\n [\n 174.32168403285908,\n -37.15272692595895\n ],\n [\n 175.7634562180076,\n -37.15272692595895\n ],\n [\n 175.7634562180076,\n -36.289067166278265\n ],\n [\n 174.32168403285908,\n -36.289067166278265\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaassen, Sanne M.","contributorId":365581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vaassen","given":"Sanne","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38833,"text":"University of Auckland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bryan, Karin R.","contributorId":229417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bryan","given":"Karin","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12678,"text":"University of Waikato","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swales, Andrew","contributorId":149632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swales","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":954397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carr, Joel 0000-0002-9164-4156 jcarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9164-4156","contributorId":220098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Joel","email":"jcarr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pilditch, Conrad A.","contributorId":365584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pilditch","given":"Conrad","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":26898,"text":"University of Auckland, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70273660,"text":"70273660 - 2026 - Unveiling a legacy of fish introductions to mountain lakes using historical records and eDNA surveys in a National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-22T14:52:45.506643","indexId":"70273660","displayToPublicDate":"2026-01-14T07:45:13","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9319,"text":"Frontiers in Conservation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unveiling a legacy of fish introductions to mountain lakes using historical records and eDNA surveys in a National Park","docAbstract":"Across the western United States, introductions of non-native fish into historically fishless mountain lakes have impacted native biota. Understanding the impacts of fish introductions is essential for conservation in Olympic National Park, a Biosphere Reserve. We reconstructed fish plantings using records dating back to 1930, followed by environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys to estimate the current distribution of fish and amphibians in 117 remote mountain lakes. We used Bayesian multiscale occupancy models to determine how lake attributes and planting history related to fish and amphibian occupancy. The most frequently detected species were Brook Trout, Rainbow Trout, Cascades Frog, and Northwestern Salamander. eDNA sampling revealed 52 lakes with amphibians only, 45 with fish and amphibians, 14 with fish only, and 6 unoccupied. Of the 53 lakes with planting records, 38 had fish eDNA detected. Fish eDNA was also detected in 21 lakes lacking planting records, which could reflect incomplete records, unauthorized plantings, and false positive detections. Of the three species planted, Cutthroat Trout had the highest failure rate and did not become established in 23 of 28 historically planted lakes. In a subset of 9 lakes sampled for up to 7 years, those with known fish and amphibian presence showed consistent eDNA detections over time. The number of times a lake was stocked was the best predictor of occupancy for Brook and Rainbow trout, while higher occupancy for Brook Trout was also associated with lower elevations, lower solar radiation, and larger lake area. We did not observe widespread negative associations between amphibian occupancy and fish presence, although there was a negative relationship between fish presence and Rough-skinned Newt and Long-toed Salamander occupancy. Cascades Frog occupancy showed no relationship to fish presence or lake traits. Our results suggest mechanisms of fish persistence over time and highlight areas where native amphibians are impacted by introduced fish. These results can guide management options like targeted fish removals that benefit native fauna while still supporting recreational fishing. More broadly, our work demonstrates the value of combining historical records with contemporary surveys and the utility of eDNA for broad-scale surveys of species distribution in remote wilderness areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fcosc.2025.1698619","usgsCitation":"Brenkman, S.J., Duda, J.J., McCaffery, R.M., Kierczynski, K.E., Hoy, M.S., Kumec, T.J., Baccus, ., Goldberg, C.S., Ostberg, C.O., and Fradkin, S.C., 2026, Unveiling a legacy of fish introductions to mountain lakes using historical records and eDNA surveys in a National Park: Frontiers in Conservation Science, v. 6, 1698619, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1698619.","productDescription":"1698619, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-182809","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1698619","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":498830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Olympic National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.26430065170698,\n 48.08712436978681\n ],\n [\n -124.26430065170698,\n 47.35589692100544\n ],\n [\n -122.84761603715835,\n 47.35589692100544\n ],\n [\n -122.84761603715835,\n 48.08712436978681\n ],\n [\n -124.26430065170698,\n 48.08712436978681\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brenkman, Samuel J.","contributorId":365352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenkman","given":"Samuel","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":87129,"text":"Four Peaks Environmental","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-7431-8634 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Olympic National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoy, Marshal S. 0000-0003-2828-9697","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2828-9697","contributorId":220730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"Marshal","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kumec, Trevor J.","contributorId":365362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumec","given":"Trevor","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":56191,"text":"Resource Environmental Solutions","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baccus, William","contributorId":365363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baccus","given":" William","affiliations":[{"id":87130,"text":"U.S. National Park Service, Olympic National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Goldberg, Caren Suzanne 0000-0002-0863-9939","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-9939","contributorId":365364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Caren","middleInitial":"Suzanne","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ostberg, Carl O. 0000-0003-1479-8458","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-8458","contributorId":220731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostberg","given":"Carl","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Fradkin, Steven C.","contributorId":365369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fradkin","given":"Steven","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":87130,"text":"U.S. National Park Service, Olympic National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70273482,"text":"70273482 - 2026 - The magmatic-hydrothermal system of the Three Sisters volcanic cluster, Oregon, imaged from field gravity measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-20T15:27:14.596406","indexId":"70273482","displayToPublicDate":"2026-01-14T07:40:17","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7501,"text":"JGR Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The magmatic-hydrothermal system of the Three Sisters volcanic cluster, Oregon, imaged from field gravity measurements","docAbstract":"From 2019 to 2024, gravity surveys were conducted at the Three Sisters volcanic cluster (TSVC), measuring 246 gravity sites using a spring relative gravimeter. We calculated the residual Bouguer anomaly and identified three main zones with negative anomalies, ranging from −4 to −8 mGal, located southwest and west of South Sister, within an area that has been uplifting for the past two decades. After inversion, we obtain a 3D density model of the subsurface and identify low-density bodies extending from the surface down to 3 km. We estimate a total of 15 km3 of crustal bodies with density close to 2 g/cm3 that could store up to ~5 km3 of water, forming an extensive hydrothermal system beneath the TSVC. We explore the possible combinations of melt compositions and temperatures that could create a bulk density close to our reference crustal density (2.5 g/cm3) using MELTS thermodynamic simulations. Our results indicate that a magmatic mush with as little as 15% partial melt of bulk rhyolitic composition or as much as 52%–57% partial melt of a bulk dacitic composition could be stored in a magmatic system under TSVC without generating a detectable gravity anomaly. Episodic magma injections at the base of the magmatic system, such as the 1998–2000 intrusion at ~6 km depth, would bring heat and gas to the hydrothermal system while maintaining a low melt fraction in the magmatic mush, as imaged at other Cascade volcanoes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2025JB031886","usgsCitation":"Le Mevel, H., Andersen, N.L., Dechert, A.E., and Dufek, J., 2026, The magmatic-hydrothermal system of the Three Sisters volcanic cluster, Oregon, imaged from field gravity measurements: JGR Solid Earth, v. 131, no. 1, e2025JB031886, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JB031886.","productDescription":"e2025JB031886, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-178279","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498736,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Three Sisters volcanic cluster","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.85498844236317,\n 44.16602505212751\n ],\n [\n -121.85498844236317,\n 44.00814911568179\n ],\n [\n -121.67001872468549,\n 44.00814911568179\n ],\n [\n -121.67001872468549,\n 44.16602505212751\n ],\n [\n -121.85498844236317,\n 44.16602505212751\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"131","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Le Mevel, Helene","contributorId":345674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Le Mevel","given":"Helene","affiliations":[{"id":82691,"text":"Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, Nathan Lee 0000-0002-4152-4914","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4152-4914","contributorId":345693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dechert, Annika E.","contributorId":365193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dechert","given":"Annika","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dufek, Josef","contributorId":365194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dufek","given":"Josef","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70273737,"text":"70273737 - 2026 - Bird predation obscures detection of acoustic telemetry tags in fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-28T14:12:36.171101","indexId":"70273737","displayToPublicDate":"2026-01-13T10:58:23","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":773,"text":"Animal Biotelemetry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bird predation obscures detection of acoustic telemetry tags in fish","docAbstract":"Increasing application of acoustic telemetry for determining survival, migration and habitat use of fishes highlights the need to improve interpretation of tracks that end abruptly: when is fishing mortality, predation, or some other cause to be inferred? Significant technological advances have led to the development of tags that “sense” predation and can be used to infer information about the type of predator that consumed the tagged fish. However, growing evidence suggests that bird predation is not effectively quantified by the technology. We hypothesized that reduction in sound transmission from acoustic tags in the gut of a bird combined with short bird diving intervals would eliminate detections of acoustic telemetry tags from the surface and severely reduce detection efficiency at depth. We test this hypothesis indirectly with two experiments using cormorant carcasses containing tagged fish in which carcasses were either tethered to a mooring for several hours or lowered through the water to simulate diving behavior. Detection of tagged prey fish in the gut of bird carcasses was severely reduced or negated completely, supporting our hypothesis. By comparison, as expected, tagged fish that were not in the gut of bird carcasses were detected at a higher frequency. Depth and distance to passive moored receivers also affected detection probability of tagged fish with more detections at depth and when closer to the receiver. Our results emphasized the importance of accounting for avian predation of tagged fish in studies of prey species in surface waters. Further, while recent development of predation sensing tags has illustrated a few examples of bird predation, our results demonstrate that determining that a tagged fish has been consumed by a diving bird will be difficult and will likely require alternative methods or technologies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s40317-025-00441-1","usgsCitation":"Kraus, R., Roberts, J., Dufour, M.R., and Branden E. Kohler, 2026, Bird predation obscures detection of acoustic telemetry tags in fish: Animal Biotelemetry, v. 14, 2, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-025-00441-1.","productDescription":"2, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-177144","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499319,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-025-00441-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":499098,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kraus, Richard 0000-0003-4494-1841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-1841","contributorId":216548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, James 0000-0002-4193-610X jroberts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-610X","contributorId":5453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"James","email":"jroberts@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dufour, Mark Richard 0000-0001-6930-7666","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6930-7666","contributorId":291450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dufour","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Branden E. Kohler","contributorId":365630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Branden E. Kohler","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70273656,"text":"70273656 - 2026 - Plasticity in the reproductive biology of Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus virginalis bouvieri in Yellowstone Lake following lake trout Salvelinus namaycush invasion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-22T15:47:50.9445","indexId":"70273656","displayToPublicDate":"2026-01-13T09:43:23","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plasticity in the reproductive biology of Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus virginalis bouvieri in Yellowstone Lake following lake trout Salvelinus namaycush invasion","docAbstract":"Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus virginalis bouvieri in Yellowstone Lake are the focus of intensive conservation efforts due to the threat of predation by invasive lake trout Salvelinus namaycush. Suppression gillnetting has reduced the abundance of predatory lake trout, and the Yellowstone cutthroat trout population is recovering. Long-term monitoring indicates the size structure of the population shifted following lake trout invasion, suggesting that reproductive demographic rates of Yellowstone cutthroat trout may have changed. Length at 50% probability of maturity, as assessed using histological analysis of gonadal tissue, was 479 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] 467–490 mm) for females and 406 mm (95% CI 386–430 mm) for males, compared to 330 mm for males and females historically. Currently, age at 50% probability of maturity is 6.6 for females and 5.4 for males. The rate of skipped spawning was 3% for females and 38% for males. Mean absolute fecundity was 2897 ovarian follicles/individual at present compared to 1141 ovarian follicles/individual before lake trout invasion. Mean relative fecundity was 2157 ovarian follicles/kg. This research illustrates the plasticity in the reproductive strategies of fishes as a result of an invasive species. Understanding the reproductive biology of fish populations is vital for effective fisheries management, and these results are integral to a population model that can be used to develop new conservation benchmarks for Yellowstone cutthroat trout.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jfb.70281","collaboration":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Briggs, M.A., Webb, M.A., Guy, C.S., and Koel, T.M., 2026, Plasticity in the reproductive biology of Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus virginalis bouvieri in Yellowstone Lake following lake trout Salvelinus namaycush invasion: Journal of Fish Biology, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.70281.","ipdsId":"IP-179605","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.70281","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":498841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.60702393614453,\n 44.5900031594889\n ],\n [\n -110.60702393614453,\n 44.26482350324392\n ],\n [\n -110.15041501501246,\n 44.26482350324392\n ],\n [\n -110.15041501501246,\n 44.5900031594889\n ],\n [\n -110.60702393614453,\n 44.5900031594889\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Michelle A.","contributorId":365353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Briggs","given":"Michelle","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Molly A.","contributorId":365354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Molly","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guy, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9936-4781 cguy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-4781","contributorId":2876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Christopher","email":"cguy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koel, Todd M.","contributorId":365355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koel","given":"Todd","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36976,"text":"U.S. National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70273487,"text":"70273487 - 2026 - Annual grass invasion is transforming the sagebrush biome’s songbird communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-11T16:45:32.310709","indexId":"70273487","displayToPublicDate":"2026-01-13T09:08:54","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual grass invasion is transforming the sagebrush biome’s songbird communities","docAbstract":"Novel stressors like climate change and biological invasions alter ecological communities, resulting in changes to ecosystem services and biodiversity (that is, ecological transformation). Most ecological transformation research focuses on plants, but animals are likely affected by and plausibly mediate the extent, impact, and pace of transformations. In western North America, where invasive annual grasses are transforming sagebrush-steppe ecosystems, we quantified how transformation in vegetation drives songbird community change. We hypothesized that transformation of vegetation communities via invasion alters wildlife communities by favoring generalists over specialists, albeit with extinction debts that may temporarily obscure transformations’ consequences. Although local-scale songbird diversity increased with grass invasion, we found that this shift was accompanied by ongoing reorganization of songbird communities at larger scales (across the sagebrush biome), driven by heterogeneous impacts of invasion among species and guilds. Through our biome-wide analysis, we were also able to identify high-priority regions for conservation of sensitive songbird species. Our research provides evidence that wildlife communities are transforming alongside vegetation communities and offers insight into the approaches required to quantify nascent community turnover.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/fee.70024","usgsCitation":"Hobart, B.K., Moss, W.E., Cook, M.C., Nagy, R.C., and McKenzie, V.J., 2026, Annual grass invasion is transforming the sagebrush biome’s songbird communities: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, e70024, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.70024.","productDescription":"e70024, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-167644","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500971,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ja/70273487/images"},{"id":498923,"rank":4,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.70024","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":498783,"rank":2,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ja/70273487/70273487.XML"},{"id":498784,"rank":3,"type":{"id":42,"text":"Open Access USGS Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70273487/full"},{"id":498780,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"western United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.21700235279832,\n 49.461365022778125\n ],\n [\n -121.21700235279832,\n 36.16184720583651\n ],\n [\n -100.67035958615037,\n 36.16184720583651\n ],\n [\n -100.67035958615037,\n 49.461365022778125\n ],\n [\n -121.21700235279832,\n 49.461365022778125\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobart, Brendan K.","contributorId":338335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hobart","given":"Brendan","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moss, Wynne Emily 0000-0002-2813-1710","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2813-1710","contributorId":338331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"Wynne","email":"","middleInitial":"Emily","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cook, Max C","contributorId":365201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Max","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagy, R. 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Building from a high-resolution conterminous United States (CONUS) hydrography network dataset, we quantified the spatial extent, density, and upstream catchment characteristics of headwater stream segments across the CONUS. We identified approximately 8.4 million kilometers of headwater streams, finding that 77% of the total stream network consists of headwaters, nearly double the total length represented in prior estimates. Stream density varied fivefold across regions, from < 1 km·km−2 in arid basins to > 5 km·km−2 in humid, forested areas. Over 73% of the CONUS landmass drains from headwater streams. The majority of headwater stream length occurred in forested and cultivated catchments across the CONUS, while substantial regional differences were evident for headwater stream distribution in other land cover classes (for example, wetlands, urban areas, shrublands, and herbaceous-dominated catchments). The dedicated and novel geospatial dataset, HELiOS (HEadwater streams and Low-Order Systems) is introduced for management and research use. The HELiOS dataset provides the first continental-scale, high-resolution characterization of headwater streams, offering new insights and opportunities for hydrologic modeling, ecological assessments, and environmental policy.
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Current knowledge gaps hinder recovery planning but are challenging to redress through direct observation of rare interactions in the field.
We used genetic metabarcoding to characterize the taxonomic composition of pollen collected by B. affinis workers in the Appalachian mountains of Virginia and West Virginia from 2021–2023. We developed a custom sequence database of the regional flora and compared results for two independent genetic loci, internal transcribed spacer 1 and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS1 and ITS2).
While ITS2 consistently detected more plant diversity, results from the two loci were broadly concordant with a few notable exceptions. The plant genera Hydrangea, Actaea, Rhododendron, Tilia, and (unexpectedly) Laportea were prominent in midsummer samples, with Rubus a consistent contributor in late spring and early summer. Pea flowers (family Fabaceae) were relatively infrequent but the genera Securigera and Trifolium were detected before the Hydrangea bloom and again in late summer afterwards. The diversity of forage plants was highest in late summer, driven primarily by various genera of Asteraceae. Comparing the current data with previous work indicates regional differentiation in forage plants between Appalachia and the upper Midwest, but also allows ‘consensus’ forage sources that are supported by multiple lines of evidence and shared between regions to be tabulated. These results should help managers focus survey efforts for this endangered species and plan habitat enhancements.
","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7717/peerj.20284","usgsCitation":"Cornman, R.S., Hepner, M.J., and Otto, C., 2026, The Appalbees menu: A multiyear, multilocus metagenetic assessment of pollen foraging by Appalachian Bombus affinis workers: PeerJ, v. 14, e20284, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20284.","productDescription":"e20284, 28 p.","ipdsId":"IP-181519","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20284","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":498586,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin","county":"Augusta County, Cook County, Grant County, Greenbrier County, Highland 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of California","docAbstract":"The long-term viability of the iconic Joshua tree of the Mojave Desert is being evaluated. In 2022, we measured the abundance and heights of Joshua tree stems on 62 1000 m2 plots in the eastern Mojave Desert of California. The 2022 plots were represented by 33 plots in a population of western Joshua trees (Yucca brevifolia) and 29 plots in a population of eastern Joshua trees (Y. jaegeriana). Five plots had no Joshua trees; two of which in the western Joshua tree population were destroyed by fire. The 57 plots with Joshua trees supported 627 stems ranging from stems less than 25 cm to mature trees. The plots were examined by abundance and four size classes of the stems, as indicated by their height and indicative of their reproductive status. The western Joshua tree population had more stems (407) than the eastern population (220 stems) although the median difference was not significant. The western population had significantly more stems in pre-reproductive size classes, juvenile (> 25 cm to one-meter, p = 0.001) and sub_adult (> one- to two-meters, p = 0.001), than the eastern population but significantly fewer adult (> two-meters, p < 0.001) stems. The eastern population had significantly greater mean height of adult trees (302 cm +/- 75.3 cm) than the western population (263 cm +/- 52.9 cm) and a larger proportion of stems taller than two-meters (56%) than the western population (39%). In contrast, the western population has 77% of its population in younger size classes (> 25 cm to < 2 meters). These abundance and size class measures alone do not predict whether either population has sufficient natural stand regeneration for long term persistence, but the younger size class structure of the western population suggests greater long-term resilience than for the eastern population.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioRxiv","doi":"10.64898/2026.01.04.697576","usgsCitation":"Thomas, K.A., 2026, A snapshot of Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia and Y. jaegeriana) stand structure in the eastern Mojave Desert of California: BioRxiv, preprint posted January 12, 2026, https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.01.04.697576.","productDescription":"14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-183548","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.01.04.697576","text":"External Repository"},{"id":498579,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Kathryn A. 0000-0002-7131-8564 kathryn_a_thomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7131-8564","contributorId":167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Kathryn","email":"kathryn_a_thomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70273465,"text":"70273465 - 2026 - Development and field testing of a UAS-based-software-defined radar for measuring freshwater bathymetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-15T15:04:00.6617","indexId":"70273465","displayToPublicDate":"2026-01-12T07:52:13","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":23133,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and field testing of a UAS-based-software-defined radar for measuring freshwater bathymetry","docAbstract":"We provide an overview of an uncrewed aircraft system (UAS)-based software-defined radar (SDRadar) system for high-resolution geophysical observations. The radar transceiver is implemented on a Radio Frequency System-on-Chip (RFSoC) platform, along with an ultra-wideband Vivaldi antenna that has a starting operating frequency of 150 MHz, enabling the system to be used across different applications, including measurements of freshwater bathymetry. In addition to system design and subsystem performance assessments, this paper presents the results of field testing conducted along the Sacramento River near Glenn, California, USA. The radar-derived river depth measurements are compared with ground truth data collected from a crewed boat using an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). The results show good agreement, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.079 m.
","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE Xplore","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3642394","usgsCitation":"Eskandari, S., Melebari, A., Kinzel, P.J., Lotspeich, R.R., Eggleston, J., and Moghaddam, M., 2026, Development and field testing of a UAS-based-software-defined radar for measuring freshwater bathymetry: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3642394.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-175859","costCenters":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tap.2025.3642394","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":498805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1QQEJV7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"In situ measurements of water depth collected with acoustic Doppler current profilers and remotely sensed depths acquired with a software-defined radar deployed from an uncrewed aircraft system, Sacramento River, California, September 18-19, 2024"},{"id":498649,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Glenn","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.01693399490816,\n 39.56351114246104\n ],\n [\n -122.01693399490816,\n 39.407688010111286\n ],\n [\n -121.97927648853752,\n 39.407688010111286\n ],\n [\n -121.97927648853752,\n 39.56351114246104\n ],\n [\n -122.01693399490816,\n 39.56351114246104\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eskandari, Sepehr 0000-0003-2831-6288","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-6288","contributorId":357310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eskandari","given":"Sepehr","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melebari, Asem 0000-0001-6040-3977","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6040-3977","contributorId":357311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melebari","given":"Asem","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kinzel, Paul J. 0000-0002-6076-9730 pjkinzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-9730","contributorId":743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzel","given":"Paul","email":"pjkinzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lotspeich, Robert Russell 0000-0002-5572-9064 rlotspei@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-9064","contributorId":33404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lotspeich","given":"Robert","email":"rlotspei@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Russell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":953840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eggleston, Jack R. 0000-0001-6633-3041","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6633-3041","contributorId":204628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggleston","given":"Jack R.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - 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We derived remotely sensed based time series of surface water storage (SWstorage) to determine when and where accounting for SWstorage dynamics improves predictions of river discharge. We trained four long short-term memory (LSTM) models, that differed in their inclusion of storage data and catchment characteristics, to simulate daily river discharge (2016–2023) for select watersheds across the conterminous United States. Adding SWstorage to a meteorology-only or meteorology-and-catchment characteristics model improved upon model Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) in 80.6% of the watersheds. Residuals during low-flow (Q70) events decreased by 47.6% when adding storage to meteorological data. Improvements were most consistent in ecoregions with a greater abundance of non-floodplain lakes and wetlands. This effort represents the first exploration to train a multi-watershed LSTM on landscape-scale remotely sensed time series of SWstorage.
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0000-0001-8405-4302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8405-4302","contributorId":354442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"Wayana","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Golden, Heather E.","contributorId":364787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Golden","given":"Heather","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13226,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lane, Charles R.","contributorId":138991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lane","given":"Charles R.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Christensen, Jay R.","contributorId":238115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Jay","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":953816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Solvik, Kylen 0000-0001-6537-1791","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6537-1791","contributorId":303316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solvik","given":"Kylen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36627,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rajib, Adnan","contributorId":365158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rajib","given":"Adnan","affiliations":[{"id":50034,"text":"University of Texas, Arlington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70273800,"text":"70273800 - 2026 - An entropic explanation for Gutenberg-Richter scaling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-02T20:26:15.963383","indexId":"70273800","displayToPublicDate":"2026-01-10T08:43:51","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7501,"text":"JGR Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An entropic explanation for Gutenberg-Richter scaling","docAbstract":"We develop a simple explanation for Gutenberg-Richter (G-R) size scaling of earthquakes on a single fault. We discretize the fault and consider all possible contiguous ruptures at that level of discretization. In this static model, we assume that slip scales with rupture length, and that the rupture rates at each point along the fault are consistent with an a priori long-term slip rate. These simple assumptions define an (under-determined) non-negative least-squares inverse problem. Each solution to this inverse problem is a set of earthquake rates that matches the slip-rate constraint. We use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to uniformly sample the solution space assuming constant slip rates along the fault. At finer discretizations, deviations from G-R behavior decrease, which is consistent with an entropic pressure towards G-R solutions. When the fault is discretized into 10 or more segments, random solutions found by the MCMC algorithm have G-R size scaling, even though there are trivial solutions that, for example, have earthquakes of only one size. This is because there are simply far more solutions that have G-R scaling; as the problem size increases, the strong degeneracy of GR solutions results in other solutions becoming improbably rare. Also, the entropically favored G-R distribution has a b-value of approximately 1, which agrees with measured b-values in real earthquake catalogs.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2025JB032719","usgsCitation":"Page, M.T., and Field, E.H., 2026, An entropic explanation for Gutenberg-Richter scaling: JGR Solid Earth, v. 131, no. 1, e2025JB032719, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JB032719.","productDescription":"e2025JB032719, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-176974","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499351,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, Morgan T. 0000-0001-9321-2990 mpage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-2990","contributorId":3762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Morgan","email":"mpage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":52242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward","email":"field@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70273372,"text":"sir20255105 - 2026 - Evaluation of water quality in the Langford Valley–Irwin Groundwater Subbasin, Fort Irwin National Training Center, California, 1993–2019","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-03T17:06:32.631898","indexId":"sir20255105","displayToPublicDate":"2026-01-09T11:50:00","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-5105","displayTitle":"Evaluation of Water Quality in the Langford Valley–Irwin Groundwater Subbasin, Fort Irwin National Training Center, California, 1993–2019","title":"Evaluation of water quality in the Langford Valley–Irwin Groundwater Subbasin, Fort Irwin National Training Center, California, 1993–2019","docAbstract":"The U.S. Army Fort Irwin National Training Center (NTC), 120 miles northeast of Los Angeles in the Mojave Desert of California, obtains its potable water supply from the Bicycle Valley and Langford Valley groundwater basins; Langford Valley groundwater basin is further subdivided into the Langford Well Lake and Irwin groundwater subbasins. The Irwin groundwater subbasin contains younger, unconsolidated deposits that have a saturated thickness of as much as 200 feet (ft) and a lower aquifer within older unconsolidated deposits as thick as 650 ft. Groundwater recharge under predevelopment conditions (before 1941) occurred primarily from infiltration of intermittent streamflow in small washes that cross the Irwin groundwater subbasin. Since that time, groundwater recharge has increased because of growth of the NTC in recent years and as a result of other processes, including (1) infiltration of treated wastewater into the aquifer through ponds near the NTC wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) and (2) infiltration of imported water and treated wastewater used for landscape irrigation at base housing and athletic fields.
Water samples were collected from 17 wells and analyzed for field parameters, chemical constituents, and isotope composition in the Irwin groundwater subbasin between 2014 and 2019. These data were supplemented with water- chemistry data collected during 1993–95 and at other times if available. Between 1993–95 and 2015–19, median dissolved solids and nitrate concentrations in water from wells in the Irwin groundwater subbasin increased from 620 to 1,030 milligrams per liter (mg/L) and from 2.8 to 4.5 mg/L as nitrogen, respectively. After 2014, dissolved solids and nitrate concentrations in water from wells near the NTC WWTF decreased as a result of changes in source water quality attributable to reverse osmosis of treated drinking water delivered within the Irwin groundwater subbasin and to increased levels of treatment at the NTC WWTF. Based on delta oxygen-18 and delta deuterium isotope data, increases in dissolved solids concentrations in water from most wells were consistent with evaporation prior to recharge and mobilization of soluble salts from the unsaturated zone. Arsenic and fluoride concentrations in water from wells decreased between 1993–95 and 2015–19 as the basin filled with treated wastewater, but 2015–19 concentrations generally exceeded the California State Water Resources Control Board maximum contaminant levels of 10 micrograms per liter for arsenic and 2 mg/L for fluoride. Most groundwater in the Irwin groundwater subbasin has unadjusted carbon- 14 ages ranging from 18,400 to 12,350 years before present. However, water from well 10E3, located along the wash near the subbasin outflow in the southeastern part of the Irwin groundwater subbasin, contained measurable tritium, which is consistent with infiltration of intermittent streamflow and groundwater recharge from the wash after 1952. Chemical and isotopic data indicate that treated wastewater is present in water from most wells in the upper aquifer that underlies the Irwin groundwater subbasin. Wells were not sampled to adequately determine the extent of treated wastewater and changes in water quality within the lower aquifer that underlies the Irwin groundwater subbasin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255105","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Fort Irwin National Training Center","programNote":"Water Resources Mission Area—Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Densmore, J.N., Izbicki, J.A., Dick, M.C., and Bond, S., 2026, Evaluation of water quality in the Langford Valley–Irwin Groundwater Subbasin, Fort Irwin National Training Center, California, 1993–2019: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5105, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255105.","productDescription":"Report: x, 45 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"45","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-119450","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498846,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119155.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":498463,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HQ9C4W","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water-quality data for treated drinking water and treated wastewater effluent at Fort Irwin National Training Center"},{"id":498462,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5105/images"},{"id":498461,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5105/sir20255105.XML","description":"SIR 2025-5105 XML"},{"id":498460,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255105/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5105 HTML"},{"id":498459,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5105/sir20255105.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5105 PDF"},{"id":498458,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5105/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Fort Irwin National Training Center, Langford Valley–Irwin Groundwater Subbasin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.8892991637174,\n 35.417534498160876\n ],\n [\n -116.8892991637174,\n 35.081465765359056\n ],\n [\n -116.43900695086751,\n 35.081465765359056\n ],\n [\n -116.43900695086751,\n 35.417534498160876\n ],\n [\n -116.8892991637174,\n 35.417534498160876\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
Building on a geology-based assessment of undiscovered, technically recoverable hydrocarbon resources within the Haynesville Formation, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated the water and proppant necessary for development of the remaining resources associated with the Haynesville Sabine Uplift Continuous Gas Assessment Unit. Additionally, projections have been made on the volume of wastewater expected as a byproduct of possible future development. This fact sheet presents an overview of the methodology, along with the inputs and results of the Haynesville water and proppant assessment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253053","usgsCitation":"Gardner, R., Flaum, J.A., Haines, S.S., Birdwell, J.E., Kinney, S.A., Varela, B., French, K.L., Pitman, J.K., Paxton, S.T., Mercier, T.J., Schenk, C.J., Leathers-Miller, H.M., and Shook, H.D., 2026, Assessment of water and proppant quantities associated with hydrocarbon production from the Haynesville Formation within the onshore United States and State waters of the Gulf Coast Basin, 2024: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025–3053, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253053.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-171002","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499599,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119154.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":498591,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20253053/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2025-3053"},{"id":498515,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3053/fs20253053.xml"},{"id":497505,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1UCE8FT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project—Gulf Coast Mesozoic Province, Haynesville Formation Water and Proppant Assessment—Assessment Input Tables and Fact Sheet Data Tables"},{"id":498514,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3053/images"},{"id":497504,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3053/fs20253053.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.54 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2025-3053"},{"id":497503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3053/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102,\n 33.838592660251564\n ],\n [\n -102,\n 27.450416297985527\n ],\n [\n -86,\n 27.450416297985527\n ],\n [\n -86,\n 33.838592660251564\n ],\n [\n -102,\n 33.838592660251564\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Karr (1981), which introduced the index of biotic (or biological) integrity (IBI) has been cited more often (>4,500 times) than any other paper in Fisheries. In this essay, we reflect on the historical context of this seminal publication and its broad, continuing impact on the management of natural resources, especially freshwater ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/fshmag/vuaf120","usgsCitation":"Angermeier, P., Karr, J.R., Yoder, C.O., and Hughes, R.M., 2026, Igniting the transition from water quality to biological condition and ecological health: Fisheries, v. 51, no. 1, p. 28-33, https://doi.org/10.1093/fshmag/vuaf120.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"33","ipdsId":"IP-181809","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498842,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":204519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karr, James R.","contributorId":365365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karr","given":"James","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yoder, Chris O.","contributorId":365431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yoder","given":"Chris","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":954293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hughes, Robert M.","contributorId":113579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":954209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70274099,"text":"70274099 - 2026 - ENSO and PDO drive shoreline position anomalies in the U.S. Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-25T15:35:31.584463","indexId":"70274099","displayToPublicDate":"2026-01-09T08:26:28","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10942,"text":"PNAS Nexus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"ENSO and PDO drive shoreline position anomalies in the U.S. Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"Sandy beaches act as buffers against various coastal hazards but are vulnerable to episodic (seasonal) and chronic (interannual) erosion. Understanding the variation of shoreline position, a key metric in coastal morphology, over a spectrum of time scales is therefore crucial in assessing hazard vulnerability. Long-standing research has investigated the role of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the dominant mode of climate variability in the Pacific Basin, in seasonal shoreline variability. Yet, ENSO’s chronic influence—and that of another Pacific climate mode, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)—on shoreline anomalies remains poorly understood. Here, we examine the variability of sandy beaches in the US Pacific Northwest, a ∼750 km long coastal region on the US West Coast. We leverage 40 years (1984–2024) of shoreline data from publicly available Earth-observing (Landsat) satellite imagery at a high spatial resolution (>10,000 shore-normal transects at 50-m alongshore spacing) and employ Convergent Cross Mapping (CCM), a methodology for inferring causality in dynamical systems. We discover that strong El Niño years are signified by erosion (75.1% of transects), and strong La Niña years exhibit accretional behavior (73.4% of transects). Furthermore, we establish, for the first time, that both ENSO and PDO exert a statistically significant control on interannual shoreline variability, particularly on the alongshore component (in 95 and 100% of littoral cells, respectively), with water level fluctuations playing a critical role. This effort advances our understanding of the seasonal-to-interannual interactions between Pacific Basin climate variability and the PNW’s coastal morphodynamics, with implications for sediment management and coastal adaptation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf404","usgsCitation":"Taherkhani, M., Vitousek, S., Graffin, M., Vos, K., Allan, J.C., Kaminsky, G.M., Ruggiero, P., 2026, ENSO and PDO drive shoreline position anomalies in the U.S. Pacific Northwest: PNAS Nexus, v. 5, no. 1, pgaf404, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf404.","productDescription":"pgaf404, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-176083","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf404","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":500510,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Northwest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.83369555506572,\n 48.57459950593827\n ],\n [\n -126.00388302759357,\n 39.14100845126933\n ],\n [\n -122.98418105660868,\n 39.14100845126933\n ],\n [\n -122.61669284602645,\n 48.33915875055985\n ],\n [\n -125.83369555506572,\n 48.57459950593827\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taherkhani, Mohsen","contributorId":366984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taherkhani","given":"Mohsen","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vitousek, Sean 0000-0002-3369-4673 svitousek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3369-4673","contributorId":149065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vitousek","given":"Sean","email":"svitousek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graffin, Marcan","contributorId":366985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graffin","given":"Marcan","affiliations":[{"id":47711,"text":"University of Toulouse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vos, Kilian","contributorId":366986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vos","given":"Kilian","affiliations":[{"id":87519,"text":"OHB Digital Services","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allan, Jonathan C.","contributorId":118007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allan","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7198,"text":"Oregon Department Geology and Mineral Industries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kaminsky, George M.","contributorId":366988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaminsky","given":"George","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25353,"text":"Washington State Department of Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ruggiero, Peter","contributorId":366989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}