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2012 - Permissive tracts for incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatities, alkaline rocks, and carbonatities in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 86), Chapter Q1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70159523,"text":"ofr20131280Q1 - 2012 - Permissive tracts for incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatities, alkaline rocks, and carbonatities in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 86), Chapter Q1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)","indexId":"ofr20131280Q1","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"chapter":"Q1","title":"Permissive tracts for incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatities, alkaline rocks, and carbonatities in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 86), Chapter Q1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-21T15:52:36","indexId":"ofr20131280Q1","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1280","chapter":"Q1","title":"Permissive tracts for incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatities, alkaline rocks, and carbonatities in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 86), Chapter Q1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)","docAbstract":"In 1996, at the request of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, a team of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists produced a strategic plan for the acquisition, improvement and modernization of multidisciplinary sets of data to support the growth of the Mauritanian minerals sector and to highlight the geological and mineral exploration potential of the country. In 1999, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania implemented a program for the acquisition of the recommended basic geoscientific information, termed the first Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (Project for Institutional Capacity Building in the Mining Sector, PRISM-I). As a result of the PRISM-I efforts, a great deal of new geological, geophysical, geochemical, remote sensing, and hydrological data became available for evaluation and synthesis. However, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines recognized that additional work was required to extract the full benefit of the data before it could be of greatest use to the international community and of benefit to the Mauritanian minerals and development sector.
\nTo achieve this benefit, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines implemented a second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (PRISM-II) in 2006 to consolidate, synthesize, and interpret all of the existing data, create a new 1:1,000,000 scale geologic map, and define the mineral resource potential of the country. A consortium in which the USGS was the lead scientific agency carried out the majority of the PRISM-II work. In 2008, the USGS Mauritania Minerals Project was interrupted due to political changes in Mauritania. PRISM-II work resumed in 2011, and was completed in 2013 with the delivery of over 40 separate written reports and plates, an access file containing the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database, and an interactive GIS containing all of the multi-disciplinary data and interpretive areas of mineral resource potential in Mauritania.
\nThis report contains the USGS results of the PRISM-II Mauritania Minerals Project and is presented in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. The Report is composed of separate chapters consisting of multidisciplinary interpretive reports with accompanying plates on the geology, structure, geochronology, geophysics, hydrogeology, geochemistry, remote sensing (Landsat TM and ASTER), and SRTM and ASTER digital elevation models of Mauritania. The syntheses of these multidisciplinary data formed the basis for additional chapters containing interpretive reports on 12 different commodities and deposit types known to occur in Mauritania, accompanied by countrywide mineral resource potential maps of each commodity/deposit type. The commodities and deposit types represented include: (1) Ni, Cu, PGE, and Cr deposits hosted in ultramafic rocks; (2) orogenic, Carlin-like, and epithermal gold deposits; (3) polymetallic Pb-Zn-Cu vein deposits; (4) sediment-hosted Pb-Zn-Ag deposits of the SEDEX and Mississippi Valley-type; (5) sediment-hosted copper deposits; ( 6) volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits; (7) iron oxide copper-gold deposits; (8) uranium deposits; (9) Algoma-, Superior-, and oolitic-type iron deposits; (10) shoreline Ti-Zr placer deposits; (11) incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatites, alkaline rocks, and carbonatites, and; (12) industrial mineral deposits. Additional chapters include the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database are accompanied by an explanatory text and the Mauritania Minerals Project GIS that contains all of the interpretive layers created by USGS scientists. Raw data not in the public domain may be obtained from the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines in Nouakchott, Mauritania.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) (Open File Report 2013-1280)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131280Q1","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania","usgsCitation":"Taylor, C.D., and Horton, J.D., 2012, Permissive tracts for incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatities, alkaline rocks, and carbonatities in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 86), Chapter Q1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1280, Plate: 54.0 x 60.0 inches; Data; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131280Q1.","productDescription":"Plate: 54.0 x 60.0 inches; Data; Metadata","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056916","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319135,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131280Q1.PNG"},{"id":319134,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1280/GIS_and_Maps/Chapter_Q1_deliverable_86-Incompatible_element_deposits_hosted_in_pegmatities_alkaline%20rocks_and_carbonatities/","text":"Map, Data, and Metadata"},{"id":318737,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20131280"}],"country":"Mauritania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-12.17075,14.61683],[-12.83066,15.30369],[-13.43574,16.03938],[-14.09952,16.3043],[-14.57735,16.59826],[-15.13574,16.58728],[-15.62367,16.36934],[-16.12069,16.45566],[-16.4631,16.13504],[-16.54971,16.67389],[-16.27055,17.16696],[-16.14635,18.10848],[-16.25688,19.09672],[-16.37765,19.59382],[-16.27784,20.09252],[-16.53632,20.56787],[-17.06342,20.99975],[-16.84519,21.33332],[-12.9291,21.32707],[-13.11875,22.77122],[-12.87422,23.28483],[-11.93722,23.37459],[-11.96942,25.93335],[-8.68729,25.88106],[-8.6844,27.39574],[-4.92334,24.97457],[-6.45379,24.95659],[-5.97113,20.64083],[-5.48852,16.3251],[-5.31528,16.20185],[-5.53774,15.50169],[-9.55024,15.4865],[-9.70026,15.26411],[-10.08685,15.33049],[-10.65079,15.13275],[-11.3491,15.41126],[-11.66608,15.38821],[-11.83421,14.7991],[-12.17075,14.61683]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mauritania\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f11b65e4b0f59b85ddc4a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Cliff D. 0000-0001-6376-6298 ctaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6376-6298","contributorId":1283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Cliff","email":"ctaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, John D. 0000-0003-2969-9073 jhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-9073","contributorId":1227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"John","email":"jhorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159530,"text":"ofr20131280P1 - 2012 - Permissive tracts for shoreline placer titanium deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 84): Chapter P1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70159530,"text":"ofr20131280P1 - 2012 - Permissive tracts for shoreline placer titanium deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 84): Chapter P1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)","indexId":"ofr20131280P1","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"chapter":"P1","title":"Permissive tracts for shoreline placer titanium deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 84): Chapter P1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-22T08:57:06","indexId":"ofr20131280P1","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1280","chapter":"P1","title":"Permissive tracts for shoreline placer titanium deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 84): Chapter P1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)","docAbstract":"In 1996, at the request of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, a team of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists produced a strategic plan for the acquisition, improvement and modernization of multidisciplinary sets of data to support the growth of the Mauritanian minerals sector and to highlight the geological and mineral exploration potential of the country. In 1999, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania implemented a program for the acquisition of the recommended basic geoscientific information, termed the first Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (Project for Institutional Capacity Building in the Mining Sector, PRISM-I). As a result of the PRISM-I efforts, a great deal of new geological, geophysical, geochemical, remote sensing, and hydrological data became available for evaluation and synthesis. However, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines recognized that additional work was required to extract the full benefit of the data before it could be of greatest use to the international community and of benefit to the Mauritanian minerals and development sector.
\nTo achieve this benefit, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines implemented a second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (PRISM-II) in 2006 to consolidate, synthesize, and interpret all of the existing data, create a new 1:1,000,000 scale geologic map, and define the mineral resource potential of the country. A consortium in which the USGS was the lead scientific agency carried out the majority of the PRISM-II work. In 2008, the USGS Mauritania Minerals Project was interrupted due to political changes in Mauritania. PRISM-II work resumed in 2011, and was completed in 2013 with the delivery of over 40 separate written reports and plates, an access file containing the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database, and an interactive GIS containing all of the multi-disciplinary data and interpretive areas of mineral resource potential in Mauritania.
\nThis report contains the USGS results of the PRISM-II Mauritania Minerals Project and is presented in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. The Report is composed of separate chapters consisting of multidisciplinary interpretive reports with accompanying plates on the geology, structure, geochronology, geophysics, hydrogeology, geochemistry, remote sensing (Landsat TM and ASTER), and SRTM and ASTER digital elevation models of Mauritania. The syntheses of these multidisciplinary data formed the basis for additional chapters containing interpretive reports on 12 different commodities and deposit types known to occur in Mauritania, accompanied by countrywide mineral resource potential maps of each commodity/deposit type. The commodities and deposit types represented include: (1) Ni, Cu, PGE, and Cr deposits hosted in ultramafic rocks; (2) orogenic, Carlin-like, and epithermal gold deposits; (3) polymetallic Pb-Zn-Cu vein deposits; (4) sediment-hosted Pb-Zn-Ag deposits of the SEDEX and Mississippi Valley-type; (5) sediment-hosted copper deposits; ( 6) volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits; (7) iron oxide copper-gold deposits; (8) uranium deposits; (9) Algoma-, Superior-, and oolitic-type iron deposits; (10) shoreline Ti-Zr placer deposits; (11) incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatites, alkaline rocks, and carbonatites, and; (12) industrial mineral deposits. Additional chapters include the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database are accompanied by an explanatory text and the Mauritania Minerals Project GIS that contains all of the interpretive layers created by USGS scientists. Raw data not in the public domain may be obtained from the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines in Nouakchott, Mauritania.
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Here, we describe the use of virtual reality data visualization to analyze massive amounts (67 GB on disk) of multiresolution terrain data during the rapid scientific response to a major natural disaster. In particular, we describe a method for conducting virtual field work using both desktop computers and a 4-sided, 22 m3 CAVE immersive virtual reality environment, along with KeckCAVES (Keck Center for Active Visualization in the Earth Sciences) software tools LiDAR Viewer, to analyze LiDAR point-cloud data, and Crusta, for 2.5 dimensional surficial geologic mapping on a bare-earth digital elevation model. This system enabled virtual field work that yielded remote observations of the topographic expression of active faulting within an ∼75-km-long section of the eastern Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault spanning the 2010 epicenter. Virtual field observations indicated that the geomorphic evidence of active faulting and ancient surface rupture varies along strike. Landform offsets of 6–50 m along the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault east of the 2010 epicenter and closest to Port-au-Prince attest to repeated recent surface-rupturing earthquakes there. In the west, the fault trace is well defined by displaced landforms, but it is not as clear as in the east. The 2010 epicenter is within a transition zone between these sections that extends from Grand Goâve in the west to Fayette in the east. Within this transition, between L'Acul (lat 72°40′W) and the Rouillone River (lat 72°35′W), the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault is undefined along an embayed low-relief range front, with little evidence of recent surface rupture. Based on the geometry of the eastern and western faults that show evidence of recent surface rupture, we propose that the 2010 event occurred within a stepover that appears to have served as a long-lived boundary between rupture segments, explaining the lack of 2010 surface rupture. This study demonstrates how virtual reality–based data visualization has the potential to transform rapid scientific response by enabling virtual field studies and real-time interactive analysis of massive terrain data sets.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00687.1","usgsCitation":"Cowgill, E., Bernardin, T.S., Oskin, M.E., Bowles, C., Yikilmaz, M.B., Kreylos, O., Elliott, A., Bishop, S., Gold, R.D., Morelan, A., Bawden, G.W., Hamann, B., and Kellogg, L., 2012, Interactive terrain visualization enables virtual field work during rapid scientific response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake: Geosphere, v. 8, no. 4, p. 787-804, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00687.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"787","endPage":"804","ipdsId":"IP-022203","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00687.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183b8e4b0e541a03c1a7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowgill, Eric","contributorId":16290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowgill","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernardin, Tony S.","contributorId":191807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernardin","given":"Tony","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oskin, Michael E.","contributorId":191806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oskin","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowles, Christopher","contributorId":191803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowles","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yikilmaz, M. Burak","contributorId":191805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yikilmaz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Burak","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kreylos, Oliver","contributorId":98189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreylos","given":"Oliver","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Elliott, Austin J.","contributorId":191820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elliott","given":"Austin J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bishop, Scott","contributorId":191821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gold, Ryan D. 0000-0002-4464-6394 rgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-6394","contributorId":3883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"Ryan","email":"rgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Morelan, Alexander","contributorId":173909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morelan","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bawden, Gerald W. gbawden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"Gerald","email":"gbawden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hamann, Bernd","contributorId":191822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamann","given":"Bernd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kellogg, Louise","contributorId":191823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Louise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70250931,"text":"70250931 - 2012 - Landslide inventory maps of the Gales Creek quadrangle, Washington County, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T14:46:43.26697","indexId":"70250931","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T08:20:05","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17120,"text":"Interactive Map Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"46","title":"Landslide inventory maps of the Gales Creek quadrangle, Washington County, Oregon","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries","usgsCitation":"Burns, W.J., Duplantis, S., Mickelson, K.A., Spritzer, J.M., and Wells, R., 2012, Landslide inventory maps of the Gales Creek quadrangle, Washington County, Oregon: Interactive Map Series 46, Report: iv, 30 p.; 4 Plates: 36.00 x 42.00 inches.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 30 p.; 4 Plates: 36.00 x 42.00 inches","ipdsId":"IP-042322","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":424372,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.oregon.gov/dogami/ims/p-ims-046.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Gales Creek quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.25,\n 45.625\n ],\n [\n -123.25,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -123.125,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -123.125,\n 45.625\n ],\n [\n -123.25,\n 45.625\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, W. J.","contributorId":333254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burns","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":79827,"text":"Oregon Dept Geology and Min. industries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":892264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duplantis, S.","contributorId":333255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duplantis","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":892265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mickelson, K. A.","contributorId":333256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mickelson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":892266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spritzer, J. M.","contributorId":333257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spritzer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":892267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wells, Ray 0000-0002-7796-0160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":204016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":892268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70040556,"text":"70040556 - 2012 - Space-time models for a panzootic in bats, with a focus on the endangered Indiana bat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-02T10:08:02","indexId":"70040556","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Space-time models for a panzootic in bats, with a focus on the endangered Indiana bat","docAbstract":"Knowledge of current trends of quickly spreading infectious wildlife diseases is vital to efficient and effective management. We developed space-time mixed-effects logistic regressions to characterize a disease, white-nose syndrome (WNS), quickly spreading among endangered Indiana bats (Myotis sodalis) in eastern North America. Our goal was to calculate and map the risk probability faced by uninfected colonies of hibernating Indiana bats. Model covariates included annual distance from and direction to nearest sources of infection, geolocational information, size of the Indiana bat populations within each wintering population, and total annual size of populations known or suspected to be affected by WNS. We considered temporal, spatial, and spatiotemporal formulae through the use of random effects for year, complex (a collection of interacting hibernacula), and yearxcomplex. Since first documented in 2006, WNS has spread across much of the range of the Indiana bat. No sizeable wintering population now occurs outside of the migrational distance of an infected source. Annual rates of newly affected wintering Indiana bat populations between winter 2007 to 2008 and 2010 to 2011 were 4, 6, 8, and 12%; this rate increased each year at a rate of 3%. If this increasing rate of newly affected populations continues, all wintering populations may be affected by 2016. Our models indicated the probability of a wintering population exhibiting infection was a linear function of proximity to affected Indiana bat populations and size of the at-risk population. Geographic location was also important, suggesting broad-scale influences. For every 50-km increase in distance from a WNS-affected population, risk of disease declined by 6% (95% CI=5.2-5.7%); for every increase of 1,000 Indiana bats, there was an 8% (95% CI = 1-21%) increase in disease risk. The increasing rate of infection seems to be associated with the movement of this disease into the core of the Indiana bat range. Our spatially explicit estimates of disease risk may aid managers in prioritizing surveillance and management for wintering populations of Indiana bats and help understand the risk faced by other hibernating bat species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.7589/2011-06-176","usgsCitation":"Thogmartin, W.E., King, R.A., Szymanski, J.A., and Pruitt, L., 2012, Space-time models for a panzootic in bats, with a focus on the endangered Indiana bat: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 48, no. 4, p. 876-887, https://doi.org/10.7589/2011-06-176.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"876","endPage":"887","ipdsId":"IP-030496","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zotero.org/groups/5435545/items/FA6W43CX","text":"External Repository"},{"id":262869,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262868,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2011-06-176"}],"country":"Canada;United States","volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5094ec0ae4b0e5cfc2acdd01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, R. Andrew","contributorId":40839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Szymanski, Jennifer A.","contributorId":51593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szymanski","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pruitt, Lori","contributorId":17468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruitt","given":"Lori","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040494,"text":"ds647 - 2012 - Archive of digital boomer subbottom data collected during USGS cruise 05FGS01 offshore east-central Florida, July 17-29, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-09T11:19:50","indexId":"ds647","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"647","title":"Archive of digital boomer subbottom data collected during USGS cruise 05FGS01 offshore east-central Florida, July 17-29, 2005","docAbstract":"In July of 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Florida Geological Survey (FGS), conducted a geophysical survey of the Atlantic Ocean offshore of Florida's east coast from Flagler Beach to Daytona Beach. This report serves as an archive of unprocessed digital boomer subbottom data, trackline maps, navigation files, Geographic Information System (GIS) files, Field Activity Collection System (FACS) logs and formal Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata. Filtered and gained (showing a relative increase in signal amplitude) digital images of the seismic profiles are also provided. Refer to the Acronyms page for expansions of acronyms and abbreviations used in this report. The USGS Saint Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC) assigns a unique identifier to each cruise or field activity. For example, 05FGS01 tells us the data were collected in 2005 for cooperative work with the FGS and the data were collected during the first field activity for that project in that calendar year. Refer to http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/programs/html/definition/activity.html for a detailed description of the method used to assign the field activity ID. The boomer subbottom processing system consists of an acoustic energy source that is made up of capacitors charged to a high voltage and discharged through a transducer in the water. The transducer is towed on a sled floating on the water surface and when discharged emits a short acoustic pulse, or shot, which propagates through the water column and shallow stratrigraphy below. The acoustic energy is reflected at density boundaries (such as the seafloor or sediment layers beneath the seafloor), detected by the receiver (a hydrophone streamer), and recorded by a PC-based seismic acquisition system. This process is repeated at timed intervals (for example, 0.5 s) and recorded for specific intervals of time (for example, 100 ms). In this way, a two-dimensional (2-D) vertical image of the shallow geologic structure beneath the ship track is produced. Figure 1 displays the acquisition geometry. Refer to table 1 for a summary of acquisition parameters and table 2 for trackline statistics. The archived trace data are in standard Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) SEG Y format (Barry and others, 1975), except an ASCII format is used for the first 3,200 bytes of the card image header instead of the standard EBCDIC format. For a detailed description about the recorded trace headers, refer to the SEG Y Format page. The SEG Y files may be downloaded and processed with commercial or public domain software such as Seismic Unix (Cohen and Stockwell, 2005). See the How To Download SEG Y Data page for download instructions. The printable profiles provided here are GIF images that were processed and gained using SU software; refer to the Software page for links to example SU processing scripts. The processed SEG Y data were also exported to Chesapeake Technology, Inc. (CTI) SonarWeb software to produce a geospatially interactive version of the profile that allows the user to obtain a geographic location and depth from the profile for a given cursor position; this information is displayed in the status bar of the browser. Please note that clicking on the profile image switches it to \"Expanded View\" (a compressed image of the entire line) and cursor tracking is not available in this mode.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds647","collaboration":"Other Contributor: Florida Geological Survey. For DVD ordering information see: DS 647.","usgsCitation":"Forde, A.S., Dadisman, S.V., Wiese, D.S., and Phelps, D.C., 2012, Archive of digital boomer subbottom data collected during USGS cruise 05FGS01 offshore east-central Florida, July 17-29, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 647, HTML Document; DVD, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds647.","productDescription":"HTML Document; DVD","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_647.png"},{"id":262807,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/647/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262808,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/647/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.166667,29.166667 ], [ -81.166667,29.666667 ], [ -80.75,29.666667 ], [ -80.75,29.166667 ], [ -81.166667,29.166667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"508a5167e4b07fc568844893","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forde, Arnell S. 0000-0002-5581-2255 aforde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-2255","contributorId":376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forde","given":"Arnell","email":"aforde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dadisman, Shawn V. sdadisman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dadisman","given":"Shawn","email":"sdadisman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":468445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiese, Dana S. dwiese@usgs.gov","contributorId":2476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiese","given":"Dana","email":"dwiese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phelps, Daniel C.","contributorId":88194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70039588,"text":"ds693 - 2012 - Locations and attributes of utility-scale solar power facilities in Colorado and New Mexico, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-10T15:53:52","indexId":"ds693","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"693","title":"Locations and attributes of utility-scale solar power facilities in Colorado and New Mexico, 2011","docAbstract":"The data series consists of polygonal boundaries for utility-scale solar power facilities (both photovoltaic and concentrating solar power) located within Colorado and New Mexico as of December 2011. Attributes captured for each facility include the following: facility name, size/production capacity (in MW), type of solar technology employed, location, state, operational status, year the facility came online, and source identification information. Facility locations and perimeters were derived from 1-meter true-color aerial photographs (2011) produced by the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP); the photographs have a positional accuracy of about ±5 meters (accessed from the NAIP GIS service: http://gis.apfo.usda.gov/arcgis/services). Solar facility perimeters represent the full extent of each solar facility site, unless otherwise noted. When visible, linear features such as fences or road lines were used to delineate the full extent of the solar facility. All related equipment including buildings, power substations, and other associated infrastructure were included within the solar facility. If solar infrastructure was indistinguishable from adjacent infrastructure, or if solar panels were installed on existing building tops, only the solar collecting equipment was digitized. The \"Polygon\" field indicates whether the \"equipment footprint\" or the full \"site outline\" was digitized. The spatial accuracy of features that represent site perimeters or an equipment footprint is estimated at +/- 10 meters. Facilities under construction or not fully visible in the NAIP imagery at the time of digitization (December 2011) are represented by an approximate site outline based on the best available information and documenting materials. The spatial accuracy of these facilities cannot be estimated without more up-to-date imagery – users are advised to consult more recent imagery as it becomes available. The \"Status\" field provides information about the operational status of each facility as of December 2011. This data series contributes to an Online Interactive Energy Atlas currently in development by the U.S. Geological Survey. The Energy Atlas will synthesize data on existing and potential energy development in Colorado and New Mexico and will include additional natural resource data layers. This information may be used by decision makers to evaluate and compare the potential benefits and tradeoffs associated with different energy development strategies or scenarios. Interactive maps, downloadable data layers, metadata, and decision support tools will be included in the Energy Atlas. The format of the Energy Atlas will facilitate the integration of information about energy with key terrestrial and aquatic resources for evaluating resource values and minimizing risks from energy development activities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds693","usgsCitation":"Ignizio, D., and Carr, N.B., 2012, Locations and attributes of utility-scale solar power facilities in Colorado and New Mexico, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 693, HTML Document; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds693.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_693.jpg"},{"id":259591,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/693/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;New Mexico","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a492de4b0c8380cd683e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ignizio, Drew A. 0000-0001-8054-5139 dignizio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8054-5139","contributorId":4822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ignizio","given":"Drew A.","email":"dignizio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":466520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, Natasha B. 0000-0002-4842-0632 carrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4842-0632","contributorId":1918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Natasha","email":"carrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70039185,"text":"sir20125130 - 2012 - Development of regional skews for selected flood durations for the Central Valley Region, California, based on data through water year 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-25T01:02:05","indexId":"sir20125130","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5130","title":"Development of regional skews for selected flood durations for the Central Valley Region, California, based on data through water year 2008","docAbstract":"Flood-frequency information is important in the Central Valley region of California because of the high risk of catastrophic flooding. Most traditional flood-frequency studies focus on peak flows, but for the assessment of the adequacy of reservoirs, levees, other flood control structures, sustained flood flow (flood duration) frequency data are needed. This study focuses on rainfall or rain-on-snow floods, rather than the annual maximum, because rain events produce the largest floods in the region. A key to estimating flood-duration frequency is determining the regional skew for such data. Of the 50 sites used in this study to determine regional skew, 28 sites were considered to have little to no significant regulated flows, and for the 22 sites considered significantly regulated, unregulated daily flow data were synthesized by using reservoir storage changes and diversion records. The unregulated, annual maximum rainfall flood flows for selected durations (1-day, 3-day, 7-day, 15-day, and 30-day) for all 50 sites were furnished by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Station skew was determined by using the expected moments algorithm program for fitting the Pearson Type 3 flood-frequency distribution to the logarithms of annual flood-duration data.\r\nBayesian generalized least squares regression procedures used in earlier studies were modified to address problems caused by large cross correlations among concurrent rainfall floods in California and to address the extensive censoring of low outliers at some sites, by using the new expected moments algorithm for fitting the LP3 distribution to rainfall flood-duration data. To properly account for these problems and to develop suitable regional-skew regression models and regression diagnostics, a combination of ordinary least squares, weighted least squares, and Bayesian generalized least squares regressions were adopted. This new methodology determined that a nonlinear model relating regional skew to mean basin elevation was the best model for each flood duration. The regional-skew values ranged from -0.74 for a flood duration of 1-day and a mean basin elevation less than 2,500 feet to values near 0 for a flood duration of 7-days and a mean basin elevation greater than 4,500 feet. This relation between skew and elevation reflects the interaction of snow and rain, which increases with increased elevation. The regional skews are more accurate, and the mean squared errors are less than in the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data's National skew map of Bulletin 17B.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125130","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Lamontagne, J.R., Stedinger, J.R., Berenbrock, C., Veilleux, A.G., Ferris, J.C., and Knifong, D.L., 2012, Development of regional skews for selected flood durations for the Central Valley Region, California, based on data through water year 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5130, viii, 35 p. Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125130.","productDescription":"viii, 35 p. Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5130.gif"},{"id":259123,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5130/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259124,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5130/pdf/sir20125130.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley;Sierra Nevada Basins;North Coast Ranges Basins;South Coast Ranges Basins","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.54,34.28 ], [ -124.54,42.01 ], [ -116.33,42.01 ], [ -116.33,34.28 ], [ -124.54,34.28 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0061e4b0c8380cd4f725","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamontagne, Jonathan R. 0000-0003-3976-1678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-1678","contributorId":31640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamontagne","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stedinger, Jery R.","contributorId":76198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stedinger","given":"Jery","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berenbrock, Charles","contributorId":30598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Veilleux, Andrea G. aveilleux@usgs.gov","contributorId":4404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veilleux","given":"Andrea","email":"aveilleux@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferris, Justin C. jcferris@usgs.gov","contributorId":4186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"Justin","email":"jcferris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70043500,"text":"70043500 - 2012 - Flood pulsing in the Sudd wetland: analysis of seasonal variations in 2 inundation and evapotranspiration in Southern Sudan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T12:23:56","indexId":"70043500","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1421,"text":"Earth Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flood pulsing in the Sudd wetland: analysis of seasonal variations in 2 inundation and evapotranspiration in Southern Sudan","docAbstract":"Located on the Bahr el Jebel in South Sudan, the Sudd is one of the largest floodplain wetlands in the world. Seasonal inundation drives the hydrologic, geomorphological, and ecological processes, and the annual flood pulse is essential to the functioning of the Sudd. Despite the importance of the flood pulse, various hydrological interventions are planned upstream of the Sudd to increase economic benefits and food security. These will not be without consequences, in particular for wetlands where the biological productivity, biodiversity, and human livelihoods are dependent on the flood pulse and both the costs and benefits need to be carefully evaluated. Many African countries still lack regional baseline information on the temporal extent, distribution, and characteristics of wetlands, making it hard to assess the consequences of development interventions. Because of political instability in Sudan and the inaccessible nature of the Sudd, recent measurements of flooding and seasonal dynamics are inadequate. Analyses of multitemporal and multisensor remote sensing datasets are presented in this paper, in order to investigate and characterize flood pulsing within the Sudd wetland over a 12-month period. Wetland area has been mapped along with dominant components of open water and flooded vegetation at five time periods over a single year. The total area of flooding (both rain and river fed) over the 12 months was 41 334 km2, with 9176 km2 of this constituting the permanent wetland. Mean annual total evaporation is shown to be higher and with narrower distribution of values from areas of open water (1718 mm) than from flooded vegetation (1641 mm). Although the exact figures require validation against ground-based measurements, the results highlight the relative differences in inundation patterns and evaporation across the Sudd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Interactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2011EI382.1","usgsCitation":"Senay, G.B., Rebelo, L., and McCartney, M., 2012, Flood pulsing in the Sudd wetland: analysis of seasonal variations in 2 inundation and evapotranspiration in Southern Sudan: Earth Interactions, v. 16, no. 1, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1175/2011EI382.1.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-025134","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2011ei382.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":268020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268019,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011EI382.1"}],"country":"Sudan","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f321e4b04edf7e93f8aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rebelo, L-M.","contributorId":12345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rebelo","given":"L-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCartney, M.P.","contributorId":15494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCartney","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045772,"text":"70045772 - 2012 - Spatially telescoping measurements for improved characterization of groundwater-surface water interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-25T15:52:00","indexId":"70045772","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T15:34:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatially telescoping measurements for improved characterization of groundwater-surface water interactions","docAbstract":"The suite of measurement methods available to characterize fluxes between groundwater and surface water is rapidly growing. However, there are few studies that examine approaches to design of field investigations that include multiple methods. We propose that performing field measurements in a spatially telescoping sequence improves measurement flexibility and accounts for nested heterogeneities while still allowing for parsimonious experimental design. We applied this spatially telescoping approach in a study of ground water-surface water (GW-SW) interaction during baseflow conditions along Lucile Creek, located near Wasilla, Alaska. Catchment-scale data, including channel geomorphic indices and hydrogeologic transects, were used to screen areas of potentially significant GW-SW exchange. Specifically, these data indicated increasing groundwater contribution from a deeper regional aquifer along the middle to lower reaches of the stream. This initial assessment was tested using reach-scale estimates of groundwater contribution during baseflow conditions, including differential discharge measurements and the use of chemical tracers analyzed in a three-component mixing model. The reach-scale measurements indicated a large increase in discharge along the middle reaches of the stream accompanied by a shift in chemical composition towards a regional groundwater end member. Finally, point measurements of vertical water fluxes -- obtained using seepage meters as well as temperature-based methods -- were used to evaluate spatial and temporal variability of GW-SW exchange within representative reaches. The spatial variability of upward fluxes, estimated using streambed temperature mapping at the sub-reach scale, was observed to vary in relation to both streambed composition and the magnitude of groundwater contribution from differential discharge measurements. The spatially telescoping approach improved the efficiency of this field investigation. Beginning our assessment with catchment-scale data allowed us to identify locations of GW-SW exchange, plan measurements at representative field sites and improve our interpretation of reach-scale and point-scale measurements.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.04.002","usgsCitation":"Kikuchi, C., Ferre, T.P., and Welker, J.M., 2012, Spatially telescoping measurements for improved characterization of groundwater-surface water interactions: Journal of Hydrology, v. 446-447, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.04.002.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-030766","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275411,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275410,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.04.002"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Lucile Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -150.0,61.466667 ], [ -150.0,61.666667 ], [ -149.416667,61.666667 ], [ -149.416667,61.466667 ], [ -150.0,61.466667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"446-447","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f25423e4b0279fe2e1c02e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kikuchi, Colin ckikuchi@usgs.gov","contributorId":3958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kikuchi","given":"Colin","email":"ckikuchi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferre, Ty P.A.","contributorId":102167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferre","given":"Ty","email":"","middleInitial":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Welker, Jeffery M.","contributorId":43654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welker","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038031,"text":"ofr20121060 - 2012 - Alaska Geochemical Database - Mineral Exploration Tool for the 21st Century - PDF of presentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T21:25:20","indexId":"ofr20121060","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1060","title":"Alaska Geochemical Database - Mineral Exploration Tool for the 21st Century - PDF of presentation","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has created a geochemical database of geologic material samples collected in Alaska. This database is readily accessible to anyone with access to the Internet. Designed as a tool for mineral or environmental assessment, land management, or mineral exploration, the initial version of the Alaska Geochemical Database - U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 637 - contains geochemical, geologic, and geospatial data for 264,158 samples collected from 1962-2009: 108,909 rock samples; 92,701 sediment samples; 48,209 heavy-mineral-concentrate samples; 6,869 soil samples; and 7,470 mineral samples. In addition, the Alaska Geochemical Database contains mineralogic data for 18,138 nonmagnetic-fraction heavy mineral concentrates, making it the first U.S. Geological Survey database of this scope that contains both geochemical and mineralogic data. Examples from the Alaska Range will illustrate potential uses of the Alaska Geochemical Database in mineral exploration. Data from the Alaska Geochemical Database have been extensively checked for accuracy of sample media description, sample site location, and analytical method using U.S. Geological Survey sample-submittal archives and U.S. Geological Survey publications (plus field notebooks and sample site compilation base maps from the Alaska Technical Data Unit in Anchorage, Alaska). The database is also the repository for nearly all previously released U.S. Geological Survey Alaska geochemical datasets. Although the Alaska Geochemical Database is a fully relational database in Microsoft® Access 2003 and 2010 formats, these same data are also provided as a series of spreadsheet files in Microsoft® Excel 2003 and 2010 formats, and as ASCII text files. A DVD version of the Alaska Geochemical Database was released in October 2011, as U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 637, and data downloads are available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/637/. Also, all Alaska Geochemical Database data have been incorporated into the interactive U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resource Data web portal, available at http://mrdata.usgs.gov/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121060","usgsCitation":"Granitto, M., Schmidt, J.M., Labay, K., Shew, N.B., and Gamble, B.M., 2012, Alaska Geochemical Database - Mineral Exploration Tool for the 21st Century - PDF of presentation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1060, iii, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121060.","productDescription":"iii, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254505,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1060/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":254506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1060.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173,54.666666666666664 ], [ 173,71.83333333333333 ], [ -130,71.83333333333333 ], [ -130,54.666666666666664 ], [ 173,54.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e931e4b0c8380cd4814e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Granitto, Matthew 0000-0003-3445-4863 granitto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-4863","contributorId":1224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granitto","given":"Matthew","email":"granitto@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, Jeanine M. jschmidt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Jeanine","email":"jschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Labay, Keith A. 0000-0002-6763-3190 klabay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-3190","contributorId":2097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labay","given":"Keith A.","email":"klabay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shew, Nora B. 0000-0003-0025-7220 nshew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-7220","contributorId":3382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shew","given":"Nora","email":"nshew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gamble, Bruce M. bgamble@usgs.gov","contributorId":560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gamble","given":"Bruce","email":"bgamble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70045104,"text":"70045104 - 2012 - GEM Basic Building Taxonomy (Version 1.0)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-30T14:39:28","indexId":"70045104","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-01T11:31:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"GEM Basic Building Taxonomy (Version 1.0)","docAbstract":"This report documents the development of Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Basic Building Taxonomy and it also provides\nversion 1.0 of this Taxonomy for its immediate application within GEM Physical Risk projects. Criteria for development of\nthe GEM Building Taxonomy required that the Taxonomy be relevant to seismic performance of different construction\ntypes; be comprehensive yet simple; be collapsible; be adhering to principles that are familiar to the range of users; and\nultimately be extensible to non-buildings and other hazards.
\nThe taxonomy is organized as a series of expandable tables, which contain information pertaining to various building\nattributes. Each attribute describes a specific characteristic that could potentially affect the seismic performance of a\nbuilding. This report describes the structure and the content of the Basic Building Taxonomy, which consists of eight\nbasic attributes, in detail. These attributes were selected after a series of interactions/discussions with all the GEM\nPhysical Risk Global Component project teams. In addition, we also tried to gather feedback from a number of participants\noutside the GEM Risk Consortium group. The Basic Taxonomy attributes discussed in this report are: material; lateral\nload-resisting system; roof; floor; building height; date of construction; structural irregularity, and occupancy. A future\nDetailed Building Taxonomy will provide more details related to certain aforementioned attributes in the Basic Building\nTaxonomy. As well, it will also include additional attributes that are necessary for assessing building vulnerability using\nanalytical procedures.
\nThe report also illustrates the practical use of the proposed GEM Basic Building Taxonomy by discussing example case\nstudies, wherein the building-specific characteristics are mapped directly using GEM Taxonomic attributes and a simple\ntaxonomic string is constructed for that building. The building taxonomy data model is highly flexible and it can be easily\nincorporated within the relational database architecture. Due to its ability to represent building typologies using a\nshorthand form, it is also possible to use this taxonomy for non-database applications. Key terms in the taxonomy are\nexplained in an online glossary, which provides both text and graphic descriptions for the attributes and their details.
","language":"English","publisher":"GEM Nexus","collaboration":"Report produced in the context of the GEM Ontology and Taxonomy Global Component project","usgsCitation":"Brzev, S., Scawthorn, C., Charleson, A., and Jaiswal, K., 2012, GEM Basic Building Taxonomy (Version 1.0), iii, 39 p.","productDescription":"iii, 39 p.","ipdsId":"IP-037240","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282395,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282394,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nexus.globalquakemodel.org/gem-building-taxonomy/posts/updated-gem-basic-building-taxonomy-v1.0"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae76d0e4b0abf75cf2c02e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brzev, S.","contributorId":47291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brzev","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scawthorn, C.","contributorId":65763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scawthorn","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Charleson, A.W.","contributorId":23845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charleson","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaiswal, K.","contributorId":89260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaiswal","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70007369,"text":"ds665 - 2012 - EAARL coastal topography--Alligator Point, Louisiana, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-16T00:10:04","indexId":"ds665","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"665","title":"EAARL coastal topography--Alligator Point, Louisiana, 2010","docAbstract":"This project provides highly detailed and accurate datasets of a portion of Alligator Point, Louisiana, acquired on March 5 and 6, 2010. The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural-resource managers. An innovative airborne lidar instrument originally developed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Wallops Flight Facility, and known as the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), was used during data acquisition. The EAARL system is a raster-scanning, waveform-resolving, green-wavelength (532-nanometer) lidar designed to map near-shore bathymetry, topography, and vegetation structure simultaneously. The EAARL sensor suite includes the raster-scanning, water-penetrating full-waveform adaptive lidar, a down-looking red-green-blue (RGB) digital camera, a high-resolution multispectral color-infrared (CIR) camera, two precision dual-frequency kinematic carrier-phase GPS receivers, and an integrated miniature digital inertial measurement unit, which provide for sub-meter georeferencing of each laser sample. The nominal EAARL platform is a twin-engine aircraft, but the instrument was deployed on a Pilatus PC-6. A single pilot, a lidar operator, and a data analyst constitute the crew for most survey operations. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in measuring sub-aerial and submarine coastal topography within cross-environmental surveys. Elevation measurements were collected over the survey area using the EAARL system, and the resulting data were then processed using the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a custom-built processing system developed in a NASA-USGS collaboration. ALPS supports the exploration and processing of lidar data in an interactive or batch mode. Modules for presurvey flight-line definition, flight-path plotting, lidar raster and waveform investigation, and digital camera image playback have been developed. Processing algorithms have been developed to extract the range to the first and last significant return within each waveform. ALPS is used routinely to create maps that represent submerged or sub-aerial topography. Specialized filtering algorithms have been implemented to determine the \"bare earth\" under vegetation from a point cloud of last return elevations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds665","usgsCitation":"Nayegandhi, A., Bonisteel-Cormier, J., Wright, C.W., Brock, J.C., Nagle, D., Vivekanandan, S., Fredericks, X., and Barras, J., 2012, EAARL coastal topography--Alligator Point, Louisiana, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 665, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds665.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-03-05","temporalEnd":"2010-03-06","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_665.jpg"},{"id":115805,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/665/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Alligator Point","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.85,30 ], [ -89.85,30.166666666666668 ], [ -89.6,30.166666666666668 ], [ -89.6,30 ], [ -89.85,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a044be4b0c8380cd508af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonisteel-Cormier, J.M.","contributorId":8060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonisteel-Cormier","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, C. W. wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":49758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brock, J. C.","contributorId":36095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nagle, D.B.","contributorId":40568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagle","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vivekanandan, Saisudha","contributorId":84325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vivekanandan","given":"Saisudha","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fredericks, Xan","contributorId":35704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredericks","given":"Xan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barras, J.A.","contributorId":44260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barras","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70187480,"text":"70187480 - 2012 - Adding the ocean to the study of seabirds: A brief history of at-sea seabird research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T11:23:03","indexId":"70187480","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adding the ocean to the study of seabirds: A brief history of at-sea seabird research","docAbstract":"We review the history of how research directed towards marine ornithology has led to an appreciation of seabirds as highly specialized marine organisms. Beginning with R. C. Murphy (Pacific), V. C. Wynne-Edwards (Atlantic), and associates in the early 1900s, the research approach grew from an emphasis on seabird single-species ecology to an appreciation of interacting species assemblages and finally to seabirds being considered as important components of marine food webs. After a slow, drawn-out beginning, the initial main impetus for developing the field was a need to map seabird abundance and distribution tied to understanding impacts of continental shelf resource exploitation. Coalescing during the 1970s to 1980s to facilitate this line of research were 6 factors: (1) ability to identify birds at sea; (2) standardization of techniques to quantify abundance; (3) resources and techniques for mapping; (4) appreciation of how scale affects seabird relationships to hydrographic features and patchy prey; (5) development of computing power and appropriate statistics; and (6) seabird biologists becoming embedded in, as well as organizing, multidisciplinary marine research projects. Future advances in understanding the role of seabirds in marine food webs will be made by seabird biologists participating in multidisciplinary projects using grid-like surveys relative to oceanographic features in combination with instrumentation that reveals the finer details of seabird foraging behaviors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps09524","usgsCitation":"Ainley, D.G., Ribic, C.A., and Woehler, E.J., 2012, Adding the ocean to the study of seabirds: A brief history of at-sea seabird research: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 451, p. 231-243, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09524.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"243","ipdsId":"IP-029669","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09524","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"451","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183b9e4b0e541a03c1a8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ainley, David G.","contributorId":32039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ainley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":34154,"text":"Point Reyes Bird Observatory, Stinson Beach, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ribic, Christine A. caribic@usgs.gov","contributorId":831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woehler, Eric J.","contributorId":39561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woehler","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70007493,"text":"sir20115234 - 2011 - Regional water table (2010) in the Mojave River and Morongo Groundwater basins, southwestern Mojave Desert, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-15T13:57:43.490389","indexId":"sir20115234","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5234","title":"Regional water table (2010) in the Mojave River and Morongo Groundwater basins, southwestern Mojave Desert, California","docAbstract":"Since 1992, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Mojave Water Agency (MWA), has constructed a series of regional water-table maps for intermittent years in a continuing effort to monitor groundwater conditions in the Mojave River and Morongo groundwater basins. The previously published data, which were used to construct these maps, can be accessed on the interactive map. The associated reports describing the groundwater conditions for the Mojave River groundwater basin for 1992 (Stamos and Predmore, 1995), the Morongo groundwater basin for 1994 (Trayler and Koczot, 1995), and for both groundwater basins for 1996 (Mendez and Christensen, 1997); for 1998 (Smith and Pimentel, 2000), for 2000 (Smith, 2002), for 2002 (Smith and others, 2004), for 2004 (Stamos and others, 2004), for 2006 (Stamos and others, 2007), and for 2008 (Stamos and others, 2009) can be accessed using this web site. Mapping of water-level contours and water-level change were combined in an interactive map. This interactive map may be customized to your needs and viewed at a scale that is appropriate for the data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115234","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mojave Water Agency","usgsCitation":"Smith, G.A., Stamos, C., Glockhoff, C.S., House, S., and Clark, D.A., 2011, Regional water table (2010) in the Mojave River and Morongo Groundwater basins, southwestern Mojave Desert, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5234, HTML Document; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115234.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273116,"rank":2,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/cont2010.xml"},{"id":115884,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5234/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116396,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5234.png"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Sacramento","otherGeospatial":"Mojave River, Morongo Groundwater Basins, Southwestern Mojave Desert","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a497e4b0e8fec6cdbbac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Gregory A. 0000-0001-8170-9924 gasmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-9924","contributorId":1520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gregory","email":"gasmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stamos, Christina L. 0000-0002-1007-9352","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1007-9352","contributorId":19593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamos","given":"Christina L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glockhoff, Carolyn S.","contributorId":19639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glockhoff","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"House, Sally F. 0000-0002-3398-4742","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3398-4742","contributorId":17369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"Sally F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Dennis A. daclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":1477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Dennis","email":"daclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70005248,"text":"70005248 - 2011 - A new strategy for developing Vs30 maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T23:41:55","indexId":"70005248","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T14:52:43","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"A new strategy for developing Vs30 maps","docAbstract":"Despite obvious limitations as a proxy for site amplification, the use of time-averaged shear-wave velocity over the top 30m (Vs30) is useful and widely practiced, most notably through its use as an explanatory variable in ground motion prediction equations (and thus hazard maps and ShakeMaps, among other applications). Local, regional, and global Vs30 maps thus have diverse and fundamental uses in earthquake and engineering seismology. As such, we are developing an improved strategy for producing Vs30 maps given the common observational constraints available in any region for various spatial scales. We investigate a hierarchical approach to mapping Vs30, where the baseline model is derived from topographic slope because it is available globally, but geological maps and Vs30 observations contribute, where available. Using the abundant measured Vs30 values in Taiwan as an example, we analyze Vs30 versus slope per geologic unit and observe minor trends that indicate potential interaction of geologic and slope terms. We then regress Vs30 for the geologic Vs30 medians, topographic-slope, and cross-term coefficients for a hybrid model. The residuals of this hybrid model still exhibit a strong spatial correlation structure, so we use the kriging-with-a-trend method (the trend is the hybrid model) to further refine the Vs30 map so as to honor the Vs30 observations. Unlike the geology or slope models alone, this strategytakes advantage of the predictive capabilities of the two models, yet effectively defaults to ordinary kriging in the vicinity of the observed data, thereby achieving consistency with the observed data.","conferenceTitle":"4th IASPEI/IAEE International Symposium: Effects of Surface Geology on Seismic Motion","conferenceDate":"23-AUG-11","conferenceLocation":"Santa Barbara, CA","language":"English","publisher":"University of California Santa Barbara","publisherLocation":"Santa Barbara, CA","usgsCitation":"Wald, D.J., McWhirter, L., Thompson, E., and Hering, A.S., 2011, A new strategy for developing Vs30 maps, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257641,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://esg4.eri.ucsb.edu/sites/esg4.eri.ucsb.edu/files/6.5%20Wald%20et%20al.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4b7e4b0c8380cd46885","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McWhirter, Leslie","contributorId":104332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McWhirter","given":"Leslie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Eric","contributorId":33410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hering, Amanda S.","contributorId":29258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hering","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003747,"text":"70003747 - 2011 - Land use and habitat conditions across the southwestern Wyoming sagebrush steppe: development impacts, management effectiveness and the distribution of invasive plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T15:04:14","indexId":"70003747","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:23:19","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2834,"text":"Natural Resources and Environmental Issues","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land use and habitat conditions across the southwestern Wyoming sagebrush steppe: development impacts, management effectiveness and the distribution of invasive plants","docAbstract":"For the past several years, USGS has taken a multi-faceted approach to investigating the condition and trends in sagebrush steppe ecosystems. This recent effort builds upon decades of work in semi-arid ecosystems providing a specific, applied focus on the cumulative impacts of expanding human activities across these landscapes. Here, we discuss several on-going projects contributing to these efforts: (1) mapping and monitoring the distribution and condition of shrub steppe communities with local detail at a regional scale, (2) assessing the relationships between specific, land-use features (for example, roads, transmission lines, industrial pads) and invasive plants, including their potential (environmentally defined) distribution across the region, and (3) monitoring the effects of habitat treatments on the ecosystem, including wildlife use and invasive plant abundance. This research is focused on the northern sagebrush steppe, primarily in Wyoming, but also extending into Montana, Colorado, Utah and Idaho. The study area includes a range of sagebrush types (including, Artemisia tridentata ssp. tridentata, Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis, Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana, Artemisia nova) and other semi-arid shrubland types (for example, Sarcobatus vermiculatus, Atriplex confertifolia, Atriplex gardneri), impacted by extensive interface between steppe ecosystems and industrial energy activities resulting in a revealing multiple-variable analysis. We use a combination of remote sensing (AWiFS (1 Any reference to platforms, data sources, equipment, software, patented or trade-marked methods is for information purposes only. It does not represent endorsement of the U.S.D.I., U.S.G.S. or the authors), Landsat and Quickbird platforms), Geographic Information System (GIS) design and data management, and field-based, replicated sampling to generate multiple scales of data representing the distribution of shrub communities for the habitat inventory. Invasive plant sampling focused on the interaction between human infrastructure and weedy plant distributions in southwestern Wyoming, while also capturing spatial variability associated with growing conditions and management across the region. In a separate but linked study, we also sampled native and invasive composition of recent and historic habitat treatments. Here, we summarize findings of this ongoing work, highlighting patterns and relationships between vegetation (native and invasive), land cover, landform, and land-use patterns in the sagebrush steppe.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources and Environmental Issues","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Utah State University","publisherLocation":"Logan, UT","usgsCitation":"Manier, D., Aldridge, C.L., Anderson, P., Chong, G., Homer, C.G., O’Donnell, M.S., and Schell, S., 2011, Land use and habitat conditions across the southwestern Wyoming sagebrush steppe: development impacts, management effectiveness and the distribution of invasive plants: Natural Resources and Environmental Issues, v. 117, no. 1, 13 p.; Article 4.","productDescription":"13 p.; Article 4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257805,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/nrei/vol17/iss1/4","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Wyoming","volume":"117","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a43b8e4b0c8380cd66573","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manier, Daniel J.","contributorId":77435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manier","given":"Daniel J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Patrick","contributorId":65347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chong, Geneva","contributorId":71454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chong","given":"Geneva","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Donnell, Michael S. 0000-0002-3488-003X odonnellm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-003X","contributorId":3351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Michael","email":"odonnellm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schell, Spencer 0000-0001-7732-1863 schells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7732-1863","contributorId":3357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schell","given":"Spencer","email":"schells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70006284,"text":"ofr20101083G - 2011 - Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2010 Australia plate and vicinity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T16:34:21.047909","indexId":"ofr20101083G","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1083","chapter":"G","displayTitle":"Seismicity of the Earth 1900–2010 Australia plate and vicinity","title":"Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2010 Australia plate and vicinity","docAbstract":"This map shows details of the Australia plate and vicinity not presented in Tarr and others (2010). The boundary of the Australia plate includes all fundamental plate boundary components: mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones, arc-continent collisions, and large-offset transform faults. Along the southern edge of the plate the mid-ocean ridge separates the Australia and Antarctica plates and its behavior is straightforward. In contrast, the other boundary segments that ring the Australia plate represent some of the most seismically active elements of the global plate boundary system, and some of the most rapidly evolving plate interactions. As a result, there are some very complex structures which host many large and great earthquakes","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101083G","usgsCitation":"Benz, H.M., Herman, M., Tarr, A.C., Hayes, G., Furlong, K.P., Villasenor, A.H., Dart, R.L., and Rhea, S., 2011, Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2010 Australia plate and vicinity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1083, 1 Plate: 36.03 x 24.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101083G.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 36.03 x 24.00 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1900-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1083_G.png"},{"id":112095,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1083/g/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"15000000","projection":"Albers Equal Area","country":"Australia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 65,-55 ], [ 65,15 ], [ -150,15 ], [ -150,-55 ], [ 65,-55 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8bb9e4b08c986b317a34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, Matthew","contributorId":68426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tarr, Arthur C. atarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarr","given":"Arthur","email":"atarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furlong, Kevin P. 0000-0002-2674-5110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-5110","contributorId":19576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furlong","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Villasenor, Antonio H. 0000-0001-8592-4832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8592-4832","contributorId":38186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villasenor","given":"Antonio","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dart, Richard L. dart@usgs.gov","contributorId":1209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dart","given":"Richard","email":"dart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rhea, Susan","contributorId":81110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhea","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70005935,"text":"ds649 - 2011 - Groundwater levels for selected wells in Upper Kittitas County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"ds649","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"649","title":"Groundwater levels for selected wells in Upper Kittitas County, Washington","docAbstract":"Groundwater levels for selected wells in Upper Kittitas County, Washington, are presented on an interactive, web-based map to document the spatial distribution of groundwater levels in the study area measured during spring 2011. Groundwater-level data and well information were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey using standard techniques and are stored in the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System, Groundwater Site-Inventory database.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds649","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Ecology and Kittitas County","usgsCitation":"Fasser, E., and Julich, R.J., 2011, Groundwater levels for selected wells in Upper Kittitas County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 649, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds649.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_649.bmp"},{"id":110822,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/649/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Upper Kittitas County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679bc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fasser, E.T.","contributorId":81589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fasser","given":"E.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Julich, R. J.","contributorId":85666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julich","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005918,"text":"ofr20111208 - 2011 - Monitoring coastal inundation with Synthetic Aperture Radar satellite data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:56","indexId":"ofr20111208","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1208","title":"Monitoring coastal inundation with Synthetic Aperture Radar satellite data","docAbstract":"Maps representing the presence and absence of surface inundation in the Louisiana coastal zone were created from available satellite scenes acquired by the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency's Advanced Land Observing Satellite and by the European Space Agency's Envisat from late 2006 through summer 2009. Detection of aboveground surface flooding relied on the well-documented and distinct signature of decreased backscatter in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), which is indicative of inundated marsh in the Gulf of Mexico. Even though decreases in backscatter were distinctive, the multiplicity of possible interactions between changing flood depths and canopy height yielded complex SAR-based representations of the marshes.\nValidated by comparison to inland water levels, success of inundation mapping was primarily related to the operational frequencies of the SAR used to perform the mapping. Success of mapping was based on frequency of correspondence between satellite- and ground-based data. Overall, the most successful mapping (83 percent correspondence) was derived from Phased Array type L-band SAR (PALSAR), while mapping derived from C-band Advanced SAR (ASAR) was less successful (≤61 percent correspondence). Exceptions to the low performance of ASAR-based mapping (defined as >76 percent correspondence) occurred when water levels were well below or above ground, occurring over spatially extensive portions of the ASAR scene.\nWhen mapping day-to-day coastal inundation extents, results indicate that SAR systems operating at C-band frequencies are not as effective as those operating at L-band frequencies; however, multiple factors not related to frequency also reduced the effectiveness of C-Band in detecting subcanopy inundation. C-band has performed and continues to perform exceedingly well in applications for response to dramatic events and when strategic collections are available; however, L-band seems to be more suitable for day-to-day mapping of coastal inundation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111208","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Suzuoki, Y., Rangoonwala, A., and Ramsey, E., 2011, Monitoring coastal inundation with Synthetic Aperture Radar satellite data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1208, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111208.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1208.gif"},{"id":101700,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1208/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6273e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suzuoki, Yukihiro","contributorId":25283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suzuoki","given":"Yukihiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rangoonwala, Amina 0000-0002-0556-0598 rangoonwalaa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0556-0598","contributorId":3455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rangoonwala","given":"Amina","email":"rangoonwalaa@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramsey, Elijah W. III 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":72769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Elijah W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005806,"text":"sir20115157 - 2011 - Streamflow, groundwater hydrology, and water quality in the upper Coleto Creek watershed in southeast Texas, 2009–10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:19:59","indexId":"sir20115157","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5157","title":"Streamflow, groundwater hydrology, and water quality in the upper Coleto Creek watershed in southeast Texas, 2009–10","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Goliad County Groundwater Conservation District, Victoria County Groundwater Conservation District, Pecan Valley Groundwater Conservation District, Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority, and San Antonio River Authority, did a study to examine the hydrology and stream-aquifer interactions in the upper Coleto Creek watershed. Findings of the study will enhance the scientific understanding of the study-area hydrology and be used to support water-management decisions to help ensure protection of the Evangeline aquifer and surface-water resources in the study area. This report describes the results of streamflow measurements, groundwater-level measurements, and water quality (from both surface-water and groundwater sites) collected from three sampling events (July–August 2009, January 2010, and June 2010) designed to characterize groundwater (from the Evangeline aquifer) and surface water, and the interaction between them, in the upper Coleto Creek watershed upstream from Coleto Creek Reservoir in southeast Texas. This report also provides a baseline level of water quality for the upper Coleto Creek watershed. Three surface-water gain-loss surveys—July 29–30, 2009, January 11–13, 2010, and June 21–22, 2010—were done under differing hydrologic conditions to determine the locations and amounts of streamflow recharging or discharging from the Evangeline aquifer. During periods when flow in the reaches of the upper Coleto Creek watershed was common (such as June 2010, when 12 of 25 reaches were flowing) or probable (such as January 2010, when 22 of 25 reaches were flowing), most of the reaches appeared to be gaining (86 percent in January 2010 and 92 percent in June 2010); however, during drought conditions (July 2009), streamflow was negligible in the entire upper Coleto Creek watershed; streamflow was observed in only two reaches during this period, one that receives inflow directly from Audilet Spring and another reach immediately downstream from Audilet Spring. Water levels in the aquifer at this time declined to the point that the aquifer could no longer provide sufficient water to the streams to sustain flow. Groundwater-level altitudes were measured at as many as 33 different wells in the upper Coleto Creek watershed during three different survey events: August 4–7 and 12, 2009; January 12–14 and 22, 2010; and June 21–24, 2010. These data were used in conjunction with groundwater-level altitudes from three continuously monitored wells to generate potentiometric surface maps for each of the three sampling events to help characterize the groundwater hydrology of the Evangeline aquifer. The altitudes of potentiometric surface contours from all three sampling events are highest in the northeast part of the study area and lowest in the southwest part of the study area. Groundwater flow direction shifts from southeast to east across the watershed, roughly coinciding with the general flow direction of the main stem of Coleto Creek. Groundwater-level altitudes increased an average of 2.35 inches between the first and third sampling events as drought conditions in summer 2009 were followed by consistent rains the subsequent fall and winter, an indication that the aquifer responds relatively quickly to both the absence and relative abundance of precipitation. A total of 44 water-quality samples were collected at 21 different sites over the course of the three sampling events (August 4–7, 2009, January 12–14, 2010, and June 21–24, 2010). In most cases, samples from each site were analyzed for the following constituents: dissolved solids, major ions, alkalinity, nutrients, trace elements, and stable isotopes (hydrogen, oxygen, and strontium). Major-ion compositions were relatively consistent among most of the samples from the upper Coleto Creek watershed (generally calcium bicarbonate waters, with chloride often making a major contribution). Of the 23 trace elements that were analyzed in water samples as part of this study, only arsenic (in two samples) and manganese (in seven samples) had concentrations that exceeded public drinking-water standards or guidelines. At 3 of the 19 sites sampled—State wells 79-06-411, 79-14-204, and Audilet Spring—nitrate concentrations exceeded the threshold (2.0 milligrams per liter) associated with anthropogenic contributions. The majority of the water samples (36 out of 44) that were analyzed for stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen during the three sampling events plotted in a relatively tight cluster centered near the global meteoric water line. The eight remaining samples, which include the four surface-water samples collected in June 2010, the sample collected from Coleto Creek Reservoir in January 2010, and all three samples collected at State well 79-15-904, deviate from the global meteoric water line in a way that indicates evaporative losses. The isotopic signatures of the three samples collected at State well 79-15-904, when taken in conjunction with its proximity to Coleto Creek Reservoir, indicate that there is likely a hydraulic connection between the two. When all of the sites are examined as a whole, there is a general pattern in strontium concentrations across the entire watershed that indicates that both the surface-water and groundwater samples derive from a single source (the Evangeline aquifer) with relatively uniform water-rock interactions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115157","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Goliad County Groundwater Conservation District, the Victoria County Groundwater Conservation District, the Pecan Valley Groundwater Conservation District, the Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority, and the San Antonio River Authority","usgsCitation":"Braun, C.L., and Lambert, R.B., 2011, Streamflow, groundwater hydrology, and water quality in the upper Coleto Creek watershed in southeast Texas, 2009–10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5157, vi, 46 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115157.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"59","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-07-01","temporalEnd":"2010-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5157.jpg"},{"id":94433,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5157/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 14","datum":"NAD83","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Upper Coleto Creek Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.7,28.666666666666668 ], [ -97.7,29.116666666666667 ], [ -97,29.116666666666667 ], [ -97,28.666666666666668 ], [ -97.7,28.666666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4cbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braun, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5540-2854 clbraun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5540-2854","contributorId":925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Christopher","email":"clbraun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lambert, Rebecca B. 0000-0002-0611-1591 blambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-1591","contributorId":1135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Rebecca","email":"blambert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005547,"text":"ofr20111155 - 2011 - PRISM: Processing routines in IDL for spectroscopic measurements (installation manual and user's guide, version 1.0)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:59","indexId":"ofr20111155","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1155","title":"PRISM: Processing routines in IDL for spectroscopic measurements (installation manual and user's guide, version 1.0)","docAbstract":"This report describes procedures for installing and using the U.S. Geological Survey Processing Routines in IDL for Spectroscopic Measurements (PRISM) software. PRISM provides a framework to conduct spectroscopic analysis of measurements made using laboratory, field, airborne, and space-based spectrometers. Using PRISM functions, the user can compare the spectra of materials of unknown composition with reference spectra of known materials. This spectroscopic analysis allows the composition of the material to be identified and characterized. Among its other functions, PRISM contains routines for the storage of spectra in database files, import/export of ENVI spectral libraries, importation of field spectra, correction of spectra to absolute reflectance, arithmetic operations on spectra, interactive continuum removal and comparison of spectral features, correction of imaging spectrometer data to ground-calibrated reflectance, and identification and mapping of materials using spectral feature-based analysis of reflectance data. This report provides step-by-step instructions for installing the PRISM software and running its functions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111155","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R., 2011, PRISM: Processing routines in IDL for spectroscopic measurements (installation manual and user's guide, version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1155, xiv, 432 p.; PRISM Software; PRISM Support Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111155.","productDescription":"xiv, 432 p.; PRISM Software; PRISM Support Files","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1155.gif"},{"id":94210,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1155","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689ea7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}