{"pageNumber":"13","pageRowStart":"300","pageSize":"25","recordCount":560,"records":[{"id":21882,"text":"ofr9610 - 1996 - Hydrothermal alteration mineralogy of SOH drill holes, Kilauea East Rift Zone geothermal area, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T10:20:16","indexId":"ofr9610","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-10","title":"Hydrothermal alteration mineralogy of SOH drill holes, Kilauea East Rift Zone geothermal area, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>Thirty-eight hydrothermal minerals were identified from 356 drill-core specimens that were obtained from three Scientific Observation Holes (SOH-1, SOH-2, and SOH-4) drilled along the lower East Rift Zone (ERZ) of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. The minerals formed during alteration of basaltic rocks and glass by hot, circulating, waters in aquifers consisting of variable mixtures of meteoric water and sea water. Several zeolites, hydrated calcium silicates, carbonates, clays, silicates, sulfates, sulfides, and other minerals were found filling open spaces of vesicles, fractures, and between breccia fragments of the recovered drill core; many specimens that originally consisted of glass are completely altered to some of these minerals, especially clays. Several hydrothermal minerals (erionite, mordenite, truscottite, smectite, chlorite-smectite, chalcedony, anhydrite, and hematite), occur in the SOH drill holes at higher measured temperatures than the same minerals are found in geothermal drill holes of Iceland or other geothermal areas, suggesting that temperatures within the ERZ geothermal system have increased since the minerals formed. Fluid-inclusion freezing data for quartz, anhydrite, and calcite from the three SOH holes show that composition of the inclusion fluids ranges from dilute meteoric water to highly modified sea water concentrated by boiling. Comparison of measured drill-hole temperatures with fluid-inclusion homogenization-temperature data indicates that only about 15% of the fluid inclusions could have formed under the present thermal conditions. The majority of fluid inclusions studied apparently formed during one or more temperature fluctuations associated with the emplacement of nearby dikes and their subsequent cooling. </p><p>Bacteria-like particles at 1734.6 m depth in SOH-4 could be very significant because the particles occurred at much hotter temperatures (about 265°C) than the generally accepted 110°C limit for survival of bacteria. The presence of Cl in the particles suggests that they might have lived in a saline environment and did not result from contamination by the fresh water drilling fluids. We reccomend that future drilling and subsequent handling of drill hole specimens in the ERZ and elsewhere employ controls to minimize and(or) recognize bacterial contamination. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9610","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Bargar, K.E., Keith, T.E., Trusdell, F., Evans, S., and Sykes, M., 1996, Hydrothermal alteration mineralogy of SOH drill holes, Kilauea East Rift Zone geothermal area, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-10, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9610.","productDescription":"75 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51370,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0010/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0010/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc611","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bargar, Keith E.","contributorId":9643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bargar","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keith, Terry E.C.","contributorId":79099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trusdell, Frank A. 0000-0002-0681-0528 trusdell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0681-0528","contributorId":754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"Frank A.","email":"trusdell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, S.R.","contributorId":83954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sykes, M.L.","contributorId":47394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70018488,"text":"70018488 - 1996 - A quantitative look at the demise of a basaltic vent: The death of Kupaianaha, Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-06T12:58:13","indexId":"70018488","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A quantitative look at the demise of a basaltic vent: The death of Kupaianaha, Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"The Kupaianaha vent, the source of the 48th episode of the 1983-to-present Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption, erupted nearly continuously from July 1986 until February 1992. This investigation documents the geophysical and geologic monitoring of the final 10 months of activity at the Kupaianaha vent. Detailed very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic profiles across the single lava tube transporting lava from the vent were used to determine the cross-sectional area of the molten lava within the tube. Combined with measurements of lava velocity, these data provide an estimate of the lava output of Kupaianaha. In addition, lava temperatures (calculated from analysis of quenched glass) and bulk-rock chemistry were obtained for samples taken from the tube at the same site. The combined data set shows the lava flux from Kupaianaha vent declining linearly from 250000 m3/day in April 1991 to 54000 m3/day by November 1991. During that time surface breakouts of lava from weak points along the tube occurred progressively closer to the vent, consistent with declining efficiency in lava transport. There were no significant changes in lava temperature or in bulk MgO content during this period. Another eruptive episode (the 49th) began uprift of Kupaianaha on 8 November 1991 and erupted lava concurrently with Kupaianaha for 18 days. Lava flux from Kupaianaha decreased in response to this new episode, but the response was delayed by approximately 1 day. After 14 November 1991, lava velocities were no longer measurable in the tube because the lava stream beneath the skylight had crusted over; however, the VLF-derived electrical conductances documented the decreasing flux of molten lava through the tube. Kupaianaha remained active, but output continued to decrease until early February 1992 when the last active surface flows were seen. In November 1991 we used the linearly decreasing effusion rate to accurately predict the date for the death of the Kupaianaha vent. The linear nature of the decline in lava tube conductance and the delayed and slow response of the Waha'ula tube conductances to the 49th eruptive episode led us to speculate that (a) the Kupaianaha vent shut down because of a decrease in driving pressure and not because of a freeze-up of the vent, and (b) that Pu'u 'O'o, episode 49, and Kupaianaha were fed nearly vertically from a source deep within the rift zone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s004450050117","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Kauahikaua, J., Mangan, M., Heliker, C., and Mattox, T., 1996, A quantitative look at the demise of a basaltic vent: The death of Kupaianaha, Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 57, no. 8, p. 641-648, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004450050117.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"641","endPage":"648","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e525e4b0c8380cd46b6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauahikaua, J. 0000-0003-3777-503X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-503X","contributorId":26087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mangan, M.","contributorId":20091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heliker, C.","contributorId":80314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mattox, T.","contributorId":75966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattox","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70018975,"text":"70018975 - 1996 - Type of faulting and orientation of stress and strain as a function of space and time in Kilauea's south flank, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T09:45:42","indexId":"70018975","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Type of faulting and orientation of stress and strain as a function of space and time in Kilauea's south flank, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Earthquake focal mechanisms of events occurring between 1972 and 1992 in the south flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, are used to infer the state of stress and strain as a function of time and space. We have determined 870 fault plane solutions from&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;wave first motion polarities for events with magnitudes&nbsp;</span><i>M<sub>L</sub></i><span>&nbsp;≥ 2.5 and depth ranging between 6 and 12 km. Faulting is characterized by a mixture of decollement, reverse, and normal faults. Most large earthquakes with magnitude&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 7 slip on reverse faults striking NE at 40° and dipping SE between 60° and 70°. In Hawaii, the earthquakes with&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;&gt; 7 rupture the decollement plane, since it is the only surface large enough to generate magnitude 7 or larger earthquakes. The percentage of reverse faulting events is high compared to the decollement and normal faulting mechanisms for the period 1972–1983. The percentage of decollement type focal mechanisms becomes dominant after 1983. This pattern of faulting activity suggests that pressure was building up within Kilauea's rift zone prior to the 1983 Puu'Oo eruption. Overall, a single stress orientation with the maximum compressive stress oriented SE perpendicular to the rift and dipping at 45° is compatible with the coeval existence of decollement, reverse, and normal faults. However, in a crustal volume east of longitude 155°10′W, we find a change of the orientation of σ</span><sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;from nearly horizontal to plunging 45° SE occurring in 1979. This stress rotation suggests magma movements within the aseismic part of Kilauea's east rift zone. The strain and stress orientations are coaxial in the south flank except within the volume where the stress rotation is observed. We observe a change in the relationship between stress and strain directions caused either by the shifting of seismic activity from reverse faults to decollements, while stress stays constant, or by a rotation of stress, while strain remains constant. Assuming that the model of a noncohesive Coulomb wedge is appropriate for Kilauea's south flank, we find that high pore pressures are prevalent along the decollement and within the wedge for a coefficient of friction equal to 0.85.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/96JB00651","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Gillard, D., Wyss, M., and Okubo, P., 1996, Type of faulting and orientation of stress and strain as a function of space and time in Kilauea's south flank, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 101, no. 7, p. 16025-16042, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB00651.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"16025","endPage":"16042","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.30393600463867,\n              19.39050559875186\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.30393600463867,\n              19.44296062654318\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23029327392578,\n              19.44296062654318\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23029327392578,\n              19.39050559875186\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.30393600463867,\n              19.39050559875186\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"101","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9aee4b08c986b327d37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillard, D.","contributorId":101398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillard","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wyss, M.","contributorId":68880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyss","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Okubo, P. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":49432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":381246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018450,"text":"70018450 - 1996 - Isotopic evolution of Mauna Kea volcano: Results from the initial phase of the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-14T14:45:44.453445","indexId":"70018450","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic evolution of Mauna Kea volcano: Results from the initial phase of the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project","docAbstract":"<p><span>We have examined the Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions of Mauna Kea lavas recovered by the first drilling phase of the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project. These lavas, which range in age from ∼200 to 400 ka, provide a detailed record of chemical and isotopic changes in basalt composition during the shield/postshield transition and extend our record of Mauna Kea volcanism to a late-shield period roughly equivalent to the last ∼100 ka of Mauna Loa activity. Stratigraphic variations in isotopic composition reveal a gradual shift over time toward a more depleted source composition (e.g., higher&nbsp;</span><sup>143</sup><span>Nd/</span><sup>144</sup><span>Nd, lower&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr, and lower&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup><span>He/</span><sup>4</sup><span>He). This gradual evolution is in sharp contrast with the abrupt appearance of alkalic lavas at ∼240 ka recorded by the upper 50 m of Mauna Kea lavas from the core. Intercalated tholeiitic and alkalic lavas from the uppermost Mauna Kea section are isotopically indistinguishable. Combined with major element evidence (e.g., decreasing SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and increasing FeO) that the depth of melt segregation increased during the transition from tholeiitic to alkalic volcanism, the isotopic similarity of tholeiitic and alkalic lavas argues against significant lithosphere involvement during melt generation. Instead, the depleted isotopic signatures found in late shield-stage lavas are best explained by increasing the proportion of melt generated from a depleted upper mantle component entrained and heated by the rising central plume. Direct comparison of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa lavas erupted at equivalent stages in these volcanoes' life cycles reveals persistent chemical and isotopic differences independent of the temporal evolution of each volcano. The oldest lavas recovered from the drillcore are similar to modern Kilauea lavas, but are distinct from Mauna Loa lavas. Mauna Kea lavas have higher&nbsp;</span><sup>143</sup><span>Nd/</span><sup>144</sup><span>Nd and&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>204</sup><span>Pb and lower&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr. Higher concentrations of incompatible trace elements in primary magmas, lower SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, and higher FeO also indicate that Mauna Kea lavas formed through smaller degrees of partial melting at greater depth than Mauna Loa lavas. These chemical and isotopic differences are consistently found between volcanoes along the western “Loa” and eastern “Kea” trends and reflect large-scale variations in source composition and melting environment. We propose a simple model of a radially zoned plume centered beneath the Loa trend. Loa trend lavas generated from the hot plume axis reflect high degrees of partial melting from a source containing a mixture of enriched plume-source material and entrained lower mantle. Kea trend lavas, in contrast, are generated from the cooler, peripheral portions of the plume, record lower degrees of partial melting, and tap a source containing a greater proportion of depleted upper mantle.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB00181","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lassiter, J., DePaolo, D., and Tatsumoto, M., 1996, Isotopic evolution of Mauna Kea volcano: Results from the initial phase of the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 101, no. 5, p. 11769-11780, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB00181.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"11769","endPage":"11780","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227646,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fb4e4b0c8380cd64748","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lassiter, J.C.","contributorId":84928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lassiter","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DePaolo, D.J.","contributorId":8617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DePaolo","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018694,"text":"70018694 - 1996 - Use of precipitation and groundwater isotopes to interpret regional hydrology on a tropical volcanic island: Kilauea volcano area, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-13T19:39:52","indexId":"70018694","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of precipitation and groundwater isotopes to interpret regional hydrology on a tropical volcanic island: Kilauea volcano area, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Isotope tracer methods were used to determine flow paths, recharge areas, and relative age for groundwater in the Kilauea volcano area of the Island of Hawaii. A network of up to 66 precipitation collectors was emplaced in the study area and sampled twice yearly for a 3-year period. Stable isotopes in rainfall show three distinct isotopic gradients with elevation, which are correlated with trade wind, rain shadow, and highelevation climatological patterns. Temporal variations in precipitation isotopes are controlled more by the frequency of storms than by seasonal temperature fluctuations. Results from this study suggest that (1) sampling network design must take into account areal variations in rainfall patterns on islands and in continental coastal areas and (2) isotope/elevation gradients on other tropical islands may be predictable on the basis of similar climatology. Groundwater was sampled yearly in coastal springs, wells, and a few high-elevation springs. Areal contrasts in groundwater stable isotopes and tritium indicate that the volcanic rift zones compartmentalize the regional groundwater system, isolating the groundwater south of Kilauea's summit and rift zones. Part of the Southwest Rift Zone appears to act as a conduit for water from higher elevation, but there is no evidence for downrift flow in the springs and shallow wells sampled in the lower East Rift Zone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR02837","usgsCitation":"Scholl, M.A., Ingebritsen, S.E., Janik, C.J., and Kauahikaua, J.P., 1996, Use of precipitation and groundwater isotopes to interpret regional hydrology on a tropical volcanic island: Kilauea volcano area, Hawaii: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 12, p. 3525-3537, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR02837.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3525","endPage":"3537","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf5be4b08c986b329aee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, M. A.","contributorId":86365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Janik, C. J.","contributorId":10795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kauahikaua, J. P.","contributorId":69992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70018449,"text":"70018449 - 1996 - Mauna Loa lava accumulation rates at the Hilo drill site: Formation of lava deltas during a period of declining overall volcanic growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-06T09:09:30","indexId":"70018449","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mauna Loa lava accumulation rates at the Hilo drill site: Formation of lava deltas during a period of declining overall volcanic growth","docAbstract":"Accumulation rates for lava flows erupted from Mauna Loa, as sampled in the uppermost 280 m of the Hilo drill hole, vary widely for short time intervals (several thousand years), but overall are broadly similar to those documented elsewhere on this volcano since 100 ka. Thickness variations and accumulation rates for Mauna Loa lavas at the Hilo drill site have been strongly affected by local paleotopography, including funneling and ponding between Mauna Kea and Kilauea. In addition, gentle submerged slopes of Mauna Kea in Hilo Bay have permitted large shoreline displacements by Mauna Loa flows. Ages of eruptive intervals have been determined from published isotopic data and from eustatic sea level curves modified to include the isostatic subsidence of the island of Hawaii at 2.2-2.6 mm/yr. Prior to 10 ka, rates of Mauna Loa lava accumulation at the drill site varied from 0.6 to 4.3 mm/yr for dateable intervals, with an overall rate of 1.8 mm/yr. Major eruptive pulses at about 1.3 and 10 ka, each probably representing a single long-lived eruption based on lack of weathering between flow units, increase the overall accumulation rate to 2.4 mm/yr. The higher rate since 10 ka reflects construction of thick near-shoreline lava deltas as postglacial sea levels rose rapidly. Large lava deltas form only along coastal segments where initially subaerial slopes have been submerged by the combined effects of eustatic sea level rise, isostatic subsidence, or spreading of volcano flanks. Overall accumulation of 239 m of lava at the drill site since 100-120 ka closely balances submergence of the Hilo area, suggesting that processes of coastal lava deposition have been modulated by rise in sea level. The Hilo accumulation rate is slightly higher than average rates of 1-2 mm/yr determined elsewhere along the Mauna Loa coast, based on rates of shoreline coverage and dated sea cliff and fault scarp exposures. Low rates of coastal lava accumulation since 100 ka, near or below the rate of island-wide isostatic subsidence, indicate that Mauna Loa is no longer growing vigorously or even maintaining its size above sea level.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/95JB03214","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., and Moore, J., 1996, Mauna Loa lava accumulation rates at the Hilo drill site: Formation of lava deltas during a period of declining overall volcanic growth: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 101, no. 5, p. 11631-11641, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JB03214.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"11631","endPage":"11641","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5298e4b0c8380cd6c52c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, J.G.","contributorId":67496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018543,"text":"70018543 - 1996 - An unusual pattern of recurring seismic quiescence at Kalapana, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-12T12:09:08.248834","indexId":"70018543","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An unusual pattern of recurring seismic quiescence at Kalapana, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>An unusual pattern of recurring seismic quiescence is observed in the Kalapana, Hawaii region of Kilauea Volcano. Statistically significant intervals of quiescence preceded the Kalapana earthquakes of 1975 (M7.2) and 1989 (M6.1) and a third quiescence is presently underway. The sensitivity of the volcano flank to continuing magmatic activity in the nearby east rift zone complicates interpretation of these observations. The current quiescence episode may be caused by magmatic processes in the east rift zone or by changes within the flank of Kilauea. The latter possibility, if correct, may represent a precursor to another earthquake.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96GL00009","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Dieterich, J.H., and Okubo, P.G., 1996, An unusual pattern of recurring seismic quiescence at Kalapana, Hawaii: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 23, no. 5, p. 447-450, https://doi.org/10.1029/96GL00009.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"447","endPage":"450","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227123,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eab1e4b0c8380cd48a0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dieterich, James H.","contributorId":81614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieterich","given":"James","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Okubo, P. G. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":95899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018624,"text":"70018624 - 1996 - A new model for the emplacement of Columbia River basalts as large, inflated pahoehoe lava flow fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-13T19:34:51","indexId":"70018624","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new model for the emplacement of Columbia River basalts as large, inflated pahoehoe lava flow fields","docAbstract":"Extensive flows of the Columbia River Basalt (CRB) Group in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho are dominantly inflated compound pahoehoe sheet lavas. Early studies recognized that CRB lavas are compound pahoehoe flows, with textures suggesting low flow velocities, but it was thought that the great thickness and extent of the major flows required very rapid emplacement as turbulent floods of lava over a period of days or weeks. However, small volume ( < 1 km3) compound pahoehoe flows on Kilauea, Hawai'i, demonstrate that such flows can thicken by at least an order of magnitude through gradual inflation and the same mechanism has been proposed for larger (10-20 km3) pahoehoe flows in Iceland. The vertical distribution of vesicles and other morphologic features within CRB lava flows indicate that they grew similarly by inflation. Small pahoehoe lobes at the base and top of many CRB pahoehoe lava flows indicate emplacement in a gradual, piecemeal manner rather than as a single flood. We propose that each thick CRB sheet flow was active for months to years and that each group of flows produced by a single eruption (a flow field) was emplaced slowly over many years. Copyright 1996 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/96GL02450","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Self, S., Thordarson, T., Keszthelyi, L., Walker, G., Hon, K., Murphy, M., Long, P., and Finnemore, S., 1996, A new model for the emplacement of Columbia River basalts as large, inflated pahoehoe lava flow fields: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 23, no. 19, p. 2689-2692, https://doi.org/10.1029/96GL02450.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2689","endPage":"2692","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4abe4b0c8380cd4681b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Self, S.","contributorId":101821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thordarson, Th.","contributorId":45064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordarson","given":"Th.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keszthelyi, L.","contributorId":42691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walker, G.P.L.","contributorId":17763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"G.P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hon, K.","contributorId":20471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hon","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Murphy, M.T.","contributorId":60395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Long, P.","contributorId":8628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Finnemore, S.","contributorId":57613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finnemore","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70018549,"text":"70018549 - 1996 - Differentiation and magma mixing on Kilauea's east rift zone: A further look at the eruptions of 1955 and 1960. Part II. The 1960 lavas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T07:51:58","indexId":"70018549","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differentiation and magma mixing on Kilauea's east rift zone: A further look at the eruptions of 1955 and 1960. Part II. The 1960 lavas","docAbstract":"New and detailed petrographic observations, mineral compositional data, and whole-rock vs glass compositional trends document magma mixing in lavas erupted from Kilauea's lower east rift zone in 1960. Evidence includes the occurrence of heterogeneous phenocryst assemblages, including resorbed and reversely zoned minerals in the lavas inferred to be hybrids. Calculations suggest that this mixing, which is shown to have taken place within magma reservoirs recharged at the end of the 1955 eruption, involved introduction of four different magmas. These magmas originated beneath Kilauea's summit and moved into the rift reservoirs beginning 10 days after the eruption began. We used microprobe analyses of glass to calculate temperatures of liquids erupted in 1955 and 1960. We then used the calculated proportions of stored and recharge components to estimate the temperature of the recharge components, and found those temperatures to be consistent with the temperature of the same magmas as they appeared at Kilauea's summit. Our studies reinforce conclusions reached in previous studies of Kilauea's magmatic plumbing. We infer that magma enters shallow storage beneath Kilauea's summit and also moves laterally into the fluid core of the East rift zone. During this process, if magmas of distinctive chemistry are present, they retain their chemical identity and the amount of cooling is comparable for magma transported either upward or laterally to eruption sites. Intrusions within a few kilometers of the surface cool and crystallize to produce fractionated magma. Magma mixing occurs both within bodies of previously fractionated magma and when new magma intersects a preexisting reservoir. Magma is otherwise prevented from mixing, either by wall-rock septa or by differing thermal and density characteristics of the successive magma batches.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s004450050115","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Wright, T.L., and Helz, R., 1996, Differentiation and magma mixing on Kilauea's east rift zone: A further look at the eruptions of 1955 and 1960. Part II. The 1960 lavas: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 57, no. 8, p. 602-630, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004450050115.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"602","endPage":"630","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0106e4b0c8380cd4fa5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, T. L.","contributorId":11188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":16806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind Tuthill","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018493,"text":"70018493 - 1996 - Waters associated with an active basaltic volcano, Kilauea, Hawaii: Variation in solute sources, 1973-1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-22T12:20:38.550959","indexId":"70018493","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waters associated with an active basaltic volcano, Kilauea, Hawaii: Variation in solute sources, 1973-1991","docAbstract":"<p>Chemical and isotopic analyses of samples collected from a December 1962-m-deep research borehole at the summit of Kilauea Volcano provide unique time-series data for composition of waters in the uppermost part of its hydrothermal system. These waters have a distinctive geochemical signature: a very low proportion of chloride relative to other anions compared with other Hawaiian waters—thermal (•30°C) or nonthermal (&lt;30°C)—and with most thermal waters of the world. Isotope data demonstrate that the borehole waters are of essentially meteoric origin, with minimal magmatic input.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0562:WAWAAB>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R., and Jones, B., 1996, Waters associated with an active basaltic volcano, Kilauea, Hawaii: Variation in solute sources, 1973-1991: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 108, no. 5, p. 562-577, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0562:WAWAAB>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"562","endPage":"577","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227073,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.5298831158459,\n              19.668190733857983\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.5298831158459,\n              19.07662995285706\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.9358196143554,\n              19.07662995285706\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.9358196143554,\n              19.668190733857983\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.5298831158459,\n              19.668190733857983\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf6be4b08c986b32e8b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, R.I. 0000-0003-4263-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":98311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"R.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018451,"text":"70018451 - 1996 - Origin and depositional environment of clastic deposits in the Hilo drill hole, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T10:42:16","indexId":"70018451","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin and depositional environment of clastic deposits in the Hilo drill hole, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Volcaniclastic units cored at depths of about 87, 164, 178, 226, and 246 m below sea level and carbonate units located between depths of 27 and 53 m below sea level in the Hilo drill core were found to be deposited at or near sea level. Four of these units are hydroclastic deposits, formed when subaerially erupted Mauna Loa lava flows entered the ocean and fragmented to produce quenched, glassy fragments during hydrovolcanic explosions. Ash units 24 and 26, at 178 m depth, accumulated at sea level in a freshwater bog. They contain pyroxenes crystallized from tholeiitic magma that we infer erupted explosively at the summit of Kilauea volcano. Two carbon‐rich layers from these ashes have a weighted average radiocarbon age of 38.6 ± 0.9 ka; the ashes probably correlate with the oldest and thickest part of the Pahala ash. Ash unit 44, at the transition from Mauna Kea to Mauna Loa lava flows, was probably nearly 3.2 m thick and is inferred to be equivalent to the lower thick part of the composite Homelani ash mapped in Hilo and on the flanks of Mauna Kea. The age of this part of Homelani ash is between 128 ± 33 and 200 ± 10 ka; it may have erupted subglacially during the Pohakuloa glacial maxima on Mauna Kea. Beach sand units 12 and 22 were derived from nearby Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea lava flows. The middle of beach sand unit 38 was derived mainly from lava erupted near the distal end of the subaerial east rift zone of Kilauea volcano; these sands were transported about 33 km northwest to Hilo Bay by prevailing longshore currents. Combined age, depth, and sea level markers in the core allow us to determine that lava flow recurrence intervals averaged one flow every 4 kyr during the past 86 kyr and one flow every 16 kyr between 86 and 200 ka at the drill site and that major explosive eruptions that deposit thick ash in Hilo have occurred only twice in the last 400 kyr. These recurrence intervals support the moderate lava flow hazard zonation (zone 3) for coastal Hilo previously determined from surficial mapping.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/95JB03703","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Beeson, M., Clague, D., and Lockwood, J.P., 1996, Origin and depositional environment of clastic deposits in the Hilo drill hole, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 101, no. 5, p. 11617-11629, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JB03703.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"11617","endPage":"11629","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a709de4b0c8380cd76125","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeson, M.H.","contributorId":83118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeson","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lockwood, J. P.","contributorId":104473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":22146,"text":"ofr95698 - 1995 - Seismic imaging of Kilauea volcano and Loihi Seamount: 1994 onshore-offshore experiment data from the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory seismic network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T21:22:03.219982","indexId":"ofr95698","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-698","title":"Seismic imaging of Kilauea volcano and Loihi Seamount: 1994 onshore-offshore experiment data from the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory seismic network","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr95698","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Kong, L.S., Okubo, P.G., Webb, S.C., Duennebier, F., McDonald, M.A., Crawford, W.C., and Hildebrand, J.A., 1995, Seismic imaging of Kilauea volcano and Loihi Seamount: 1994 onshore-offshore experiment data from the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory seismic network: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-698, 113 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95698.","productDescription":"113 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393260,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18538.htm"},{"id":156411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0698/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51594,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0698/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea volcano, Loihi Seamount","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.5128479003906,\n              18.637136443268787\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.11459350585938,\n              18.637136443268787\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.11459350585938,\n              19.48601289077924\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.5128479003906,\n              19.48601289077924\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.5128479003906,\n              18.637136443268787\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb793","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kong, L. S.","contributorId":23977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kong","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Okubo, P. G. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":95899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, S. C.","contributorId":45741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duennebier, F. K.","contributorId":52593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duennebier","given":"F. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDonald, M. A.","contributorId":55474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crawford, W. C.","contributorId":53837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hildebrand, J. A.","contributorId":93526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildebrand","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":25619,"text":"wri954213 - 1995 - An isotope hydrology study of the Kilauea volcano area, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-15T08:27:01","indexId":"wri954213","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4213","title":"An isotope hydrology study of the Kilauea volcano area, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Isotope tracer methods were used to determine flow paths, recharge areas, and relative age for ground water in the Kilauea volcano area on the Island of Hawaii. Stable isotopes in rainfall show three distinct isotopic gradients with elevation, which are correlated with trade-wind, rain shadow, and high-elevation climatological patterns. Temporal variations in isotopic composition of precipitation are controlled more by the frequency of large storms than b.y seasonal temperature fluctuations. Consistency in results between two separate areas with rainfall caused by tradewinds and thermally-driven upslope airflow suggests that isotopic gradients with elevation may be similar on other islands in the tradewind belt, especially the other Hawaiian Islands, which have similar climatology and temperature lapse rates.  Areal contrasts in ground-water stable isotopes and tritium indicate that the volcanic ri~ zones compartmentalize the regional ground-water system. Tritium levels in ground water within and downgradient of Kilauea's ri~ zones indicate relatively long residence times. Part of Kilauea's Southwest Ri~ Zone appears to act as a conduit for water from higher elevation, but there is no evidence for extensive down-ri~ flow in the lower East Ri~ Zone.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/wri954213","usgsCitation":"Scholl, M.A., Ingebritsen, S.E., Janik, C.J., and Kauahikaua, J.P., 1995, An isotope hydrology study of the Kilauea volcano area, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4213, v, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954213.","productDescription":"v, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"49","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54364,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4213/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4213/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683b73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, M. A.","contributorId":86365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Janik, C. J.","contributorId":10795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kauahikaua, J. P.","contributorId":69992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":21155,"text":"ofr95532 - 1995 - Composition of waters from the research drill hole at the summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; 1973-1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-15T13:53:59","indexId":"ofr95532","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-532","title":"Composition of waters from the research drill hole at the summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; 1973-1991","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95532","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R.I., and Jones, B.F., 1995, Composition of waters from the research drill hole at the summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; 1973-1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-532, 41 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95532.","productDescription":"41 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0532/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50745,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0532/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a800e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":183939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Blair F. bfjones@usgs.gov","contributorId":2784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Blair","email":"bfjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":17591,"text":"ofr95496 - 1995 - The Pu'u O'o-Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea Volcano; June 1990 through August 1994 lava sample archive","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T12:36:05","indexId":"ofr95496","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-496","title":"The Pu'u O'o-Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea Volcano; June 1990 through August 1994 lava sample archive","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr95496","usgsCitation":"Mangan, M.T., Heliker, C., Mattox, T.N., Kauahikaua, J.P., Helz, R., and Hearn, B.C., 1995, The Pu'u O'o-Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea Volcano; June 1990 through August 1994 lava sample archive: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-496, 70 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95496.","productDescription":"70 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":46789,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0496/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0496/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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P.","contributorId":69992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":16806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind Tuthill","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":177006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hearn, B. C. Jr.","contributorId":37709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":4900,"text":"ds24 - 1995 - Images of Kilauea East Rift Zone eruption, 1983-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-17T14:16:25","indexId":"ds24","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"24","title":"Images of Kilauea East Rift Zone eruption, 1983-1993","docAbstract":"This CD-ROM disc contains 475 scanned photographs from the U.S. Geological Survey Hawaii Observatory Library. The collection represents a comprehensive range of the best photographic images of volcanic phenomena for Kilauea's East Rift eruption, which continues as of September 1995. Captions of the images present information on location, geologic feature or process, and date. Short documentations of work by the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in geology, seismology, ground deformation, geophysics, and geochemistry are also included, along with selected references. The CD-ROM was produced in accordance with the ISO 9660 standard; however, it is intended for use only on DOS-based computer systems.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ds24","issn":"1088-1018","usgsCitation":"Takahashi, T.J., Abston, C., and Heliker, C., 1995, Images of Kilauea East Rift Zone eruption, 1983-1993: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 24, Online resource with photograph file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds24.","productDescription":"Online resource with photograph file","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":648,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-24/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c6ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takahashi, Taeko Jane","contributorId":104049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takahashi","given":"Taeko","email":"","middleInitial":"Jane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abston, C. C.","contributorId":30617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abston","given":"C. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heliker, C. C.","contributorId":70753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"C. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29591,"text":"wri954001 - 1995 - Total and non-seasalt sulfate and chloride measured in bulk precipitation samples from the Kilauea Volcano area, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-03T20:07:14.838635","indexId":"wri954001","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4001","title":"Total and non-seasalt sulfate and chloride measured in bulk precipitation samples from the Kilauea Volcano area, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Six-month cumulative precipitation samples provide estimates of bulk deposition of sulfate and chloride for the southeast part of the Island of Hawaii during four time periods: August 1991 to February 1992, February 1992 to September 1992, March 1993 to September 1993, and September 1993 to February 1994. Total estimated bulk deposition rates for sulfate ranged from 0.12 to 24 grams per square meter per 180 days, and non-seasalt sulfate deposition ranged from 0.06 to 24 grams per square meter per 180 days. Patterns of non-seasalt sulfate deposition were generally related to prevailing wind directions and the proximity of the collection site to large sources of sulfur gases, namely Kilauea Volcano's summit and East Rift Zone eruption. Total chloride deposition from bulk precipitation samples ranged from 0.01 to 17 grams per square meter per 180 days. Chloride appeared to be predominantly from oceanic sources, as non- seasalt chloride deposition was near zero for most sites.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri954001","usgsCitation":"Scholl, M.A., and Ingebritsen, S.E., 1995, Total and non-seasalt sulfate and chloride measured in bulk precipitation samples from the Kilauea Volcano area, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4001, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954001.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"37","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407816,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48125.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58420,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4001/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4001/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.665283203125,\n              19.062117883514652\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.7314453125,\n              19.062117883514652\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.7314453125,\n              19.629653250428277\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.665283203125,\n              19.629653250428277\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.665283203125,\n              19.062117883514652\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629afe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, M. A.","contributorId":86365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019013,"text":"70019013 - 1995 - Rapid deformation of the south flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-12T16:31:57.368805","indexId":"70019013","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid deformation of the south flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>The south flank of Kilauea volcano has experienced two large [magnitude (</span><i>M</i><span>) 7.2 and&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;6.1] earthquakes in the past two decades. Global Positioning System measurements conducted between 1990 and 1993 reveal seaward displacements of Kilauea's central south flank at rates of up to about 10 centimeters per year. In contrast, the northern side of the volcano and the distal ends of the south flank did not displace significantly. The observations can be explained by slip on a low-angle fault beneath the south flank combined with dilation deep within Kilauea's rift system, both at rates of at least 15 centimeters per year.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.267.5202.1328","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Owen, S., Segall, P., Freymueller, J., Mikijus, A., Denlinger, R., Arnadottir, T., Sako, M., and Burgmann, R., 1995, Rapid deformation of the south flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Science, v. 267, no. 5202, p. 1328-1332, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5202.1328.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1328","endPage":"1332","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495728,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1231037","text":"External Repository"},{"id":226489,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.25761237323513,\n              19.41841395715673\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.25761237323513,\n              19.408071950307445\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24079870257532,\n              19.408071950307445\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24079870257532,\n              19.41841395715673\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.25761237323513,\n              19.41841395715673\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"267","issue":"5202","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94cbe4b0c8380cd81605","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Owen, S.","contributorId":56810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freymueller, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":96841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freymueller","given":"Jeffrey T.","affiliations":[{"id":26875,"text":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":381397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":381395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Denlinger, R.","contributorId":47925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arnadottir, T.","contributorId":80830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnadottir","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sako, M.","contributorId":28383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sako","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Burgmann, R.","contributorId":10167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70207886,"text":"70207886 - 1995 - Petrology of Submarine Lavas from Kilauea's Puna Ridge, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-16T16:18:00","indexId":"70207886","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-16T16:16:30","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology of Submarine Lavas from Kilauea's Puna Ridge, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>We have studied 30 quenched tholeiitic lava flows recovered by 20 dredge hauls and one submersible dive along Puna Ridge, the submarine part of the East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii Glass grains from numerous additional flows were recovered in turbidite sands cored in the Hawaiian Trough. These quenched lavas document variable primary magma compositions; olivine and multiphase crystallization and fractionation; degassing; wall-rock stoping and assimilation; mixing in the crustal reservoir and the rift zone; entrainment of olivine xenocrysts from a hot, ductile, olivine cumulate body; and disruption of gabbro wallrocks in the rift zone.</p><p>Glass grains in turbidite sands contain up to 15⋅0wt% MgO, in contrast to &lt; 7⋅0wt% MgO for the sampled glass rinds on lavas. The most forsteritic olivine phenocryst (F0<sub>90·7</sub>) is in equilibrium with primary Kilauea liquid containing an average 16⋅5 wt% MgO, but ranging from 13⋅4 to 18⋅4%. Lavas and glass grains have more restricted P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/K<sub>2</sub>O and TiO<sub>2</sub>/K<sub>2</sub>O than glass inclusions in olivine, because more diverse liquids trapped as glass inclusions are mixed and homogenized before eruption. Variable trace element compositions in glass grains and whole rocks indicate that the primary liquids form by partial melting of mantle sources retaining clinopyroxene and garnet.</p><p>Orthopyroxene xenocrysts formed at moderate pressures provide evidence for a sub-crustal staging zone. Chromite and olivine crystallize in the crustal magma reservoir as the liquid cools from an average 1346°C to ∼1170°C. Low viscosities of the primary liquids (0·4 Pas) facilitate olivine settling, and the crystallized olivine forms an olivine cumulate body at the base of the reservoir. Olivine is deformed as the hot ductile dunite body flows down and away from the summit. This flow drives instability of the Hilina landslide on Kilauea. Dikes intrude the dunite, and magma flowing through the dikes disaggregates and entrains olivine xenocrysts in Puna Ridge magmas.</p><p>Primary liquids pond at or near the base of Kilauea's crustal reservoir because they are denser than more fractionated liquids that occupy the upper parts of the reservoir. The sulfur and water contents of glass rinds indicate that fractionated liquids near the top of the reservoir degas at low pressure, a process that increases their density and causes them to sink to levels where they mix with resident undegassed, near-primary liquid. The fractionated liquids near the top of the magma reservoir acquire excess Cl, owing to assimilation of hydrothermally altered roofrocks.</p><p>Magma flowing into the rift zone encounters and mixes with low-temperature, multiphase-fractionated melt. The mixed magmas typically contain rare orthopyroxene, plagioclase as sodic as andesine, olivine as fayalitic as F0<sub>75</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and Fe-rich augite derived from the fractionated magma. Magma flowing through dikes also dislodged fragments of gabbroic wallrocks that occur as xenoliths.</p><p>The interrelations in the Kilauean submarine lavas between host glass and glass inclusion compositions, volatile contents and mineral chemistry reveal an extraordinarily complex sequence of petrogenetic processes and events that are difficult or impossible to determine in subaerial Kilauea lavas because of crystallization, reequilibration and degassing during or after their eruption.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/36.2.299","usgsCitation":"Clague, D.A., Moore, J.G., Dixon, J., and Friesen, W., 1995, Petrology of Submarine Lavas from Kilauea's Puna Ridge, Hawaii: Journal of Petrology, v. 36, no. 2, p. 299-349, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/36.2.299.","productDescription":"51 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"349","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Puna Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.775390625,\n              19.228176737766262\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.69873046875,\n              19.228176737766262\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.69873046875,\n              20.694461597907797\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.775390625,\n              20.694461597907797\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.775390625,\n              19.228176737766262\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clague, D. A.","contributorId":190950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clague","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, J.E.","contributorId":53093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friesen, W.B.","contributorId":75532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friesen","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019022,"text":"70019022 - 1995 - Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of waters from fumaroles at Kilauea summit, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-06T13:17:28","indexId":"70019022","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of waters from fumaroles at Kilauea summit, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Condensate samples were collected in 1992 from a high-temperature (300° C) fumarole on the floor of the Halemaumau Pit Crater at Kilauea. The emergence about two years earlier of such a hot fumarole was unprecedented at such a central location at Kilauea. The condensates have hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions which indicate that the waters emitted by the fumarole are composed largely of meteoric water, that any magmatic water component must be minor, and that the precipitation that was the original source to the fumarole fell on a recharge area on the slopes of Mauna Loa Volcano to the west. However, the fumarole has no tritium, indicating that it taps a source of water that has been isolated from atmospheric water for at least 40 years. It is noteworthy, considering the unstable tectonic environment and abundant local rainfall of the Kilauea and Mauna Loa regions, that waters which are sources to the hot fumarole remain uncontaminated from atmospheric sources over such long times and long transport distances. As for the common, boiling point fumaroles of the Kilauea summit region, their&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O, D and tritium concentrations indicate that they are dominated by recycling of present day meteoric water. Though the waters of both hot and boiling point fumaroles have dominantly meteoric sources, they seem to be from separate hydrological regimes. Large concentrations of halogens and sulfur species in the condensates, together with the location at the center of the Kilauea summit region and the high temperature, initially suggested that much of the total mass of the emissions of the hot fumarole, including the H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, might have come directly from a magma body. The results of the present study indicate that it is unreliable to infer a magmatic origin of volcanic waters based solely on halogen or sulfur contents, or other aspects of chemical composition of total condensates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00298706","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Hinkley, T.K., Quick, J.E., Gregory, R.T., and Gerlach, T., 1995, Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of waters from fumaroles at Kilauea summit, Hawaii: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 57, no. 1, p. 44-51, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00298706.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"51","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205762,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298706"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea summit","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.30393600463867,\n              19.39050559875186\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.30393600463867,\n              19.44296062654318\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23029327392578,\n              19.44296062654318\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23029327392578,\n              19.39050559875186\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.30393600463867,\n              19.39050559875186\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3347e4b0c8380cd5ee99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkley, T. K. 0000-0001-8507-6271","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-6271","contributorId":78731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quick, J. E.","contributorId":48563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quick","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gregory, R. T.","contributorId":101394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gregory","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70018838,"text":"70018838 - 1995 - Factors influencing the height of Hawaiian lava fountains: implications for the use of fountain height as an indicator of magma gas content","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-15T08:42:09","indexId":"70018838","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing the height of Hawaiian lava fountains: implications for the use of fountain height as an indicator of magma gas content","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">The heights of lava fountains formed in Hawaiian-style eruptions are controlled by magma gas content, volume flux and the amounts of lava re-entrainment and gas bubble coalescence. Theoretical models of lava fountaining are used to analyse data on lava fountain height variations collected during the 1983–1986 Pu'u 'O'o vent of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. The results show that the variable fountain heights can be largely explained by the impact of variations in volume flux and amount of lava re-entrainment on erupting magmas with a constant gas content of ∼0.32 wt.% H<sub>2</sub>O. However, the gas content of the magma apparently declined by ∼0.05 wt.% during the last 10 episodes of the eruption series and this decline is attributed to more extensive pre-eruption degassing due to a shallowing of the sub-vent feeder dike. It is concluded that variations in lava fountain height cannot be simply interpreted as variations in gas content, as has previously been suggested, but that fountain height can still be a useful guide to minimum gas contents. Where sufficient data are available on eruptive volume fluxes and extent of lava entrainment, greatly improved estimates can be made of magma gas content from lava fountain height.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00300988","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Parfitt, E., Wilson, L., and Neal, C., 1995, Factors influencing the height of Hawaiian lava fountains: implications for the use of fountain height as an indicator of magma gas content: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 57, no. 6, p. 440-450, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00300988.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"440","endPage":"450","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ecde4b0c8380cd53628","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parfitt, E.A.","contributorId":76193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parfitt","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, L.","contributorId":15392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neal, C.A. 0000-0002-7697-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":91122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018732,"text":"70018732 - 1995 - The Uwekahuna Ash Member of the Puna Basalt: product of violent phreatomagmatic eruptions at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, between 2800 and 2100 14C years ago","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T19:12:01","indexId":"70018732","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Uwekahuna Ash Member of the Puna Basalt: product of violent phreatomagmatic eruptions at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, between 2800 and 2100 14C years ago","docAbstract":"Kilauea volcano's reputation for relatively gentle effusive eruptions belies a violent geologic past, including several large phreatic and phreatomagmatic eruptions that are recorded by Holocene pyroclastic deposits which mantle Kilauea's summit area and the southeast flank of adjacent Mauna Loa volcano. The most widespread of these deposits is the Uwekahuna Ash Member, a basaltic surge and fall deposit emplaced during two or more eruptive episodes separated by a few decades to several centuries. It is infered that the eruptions which produced the Uwekahuna were driven by water interacting with a fluctuating magma column. The volume, extent and character of the Uwekahuna deposits underscore the hazards posed by relatively infrequent but potentially devastating explosive eruptions at Kilauea, as well as at other basaltic volcanoes. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(94)00062-L","usgsCitation":"Dzurisin, D., Lockwood, J.P., Casadevall, T.J., and Rubin, M., 1995, The Uwekahuna Ash Member of the Puna Basalt: product of violent phreatomagmatic eruptions at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, between 2800 and 2100 14C years ago: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 66, no. 1-4, p. 163-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(94)00062-L.","startPage":"163","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269359,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(94)00062-L"}],"volume":"66","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba970e4b08c986b32228b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dzurisin, D.","contributorId":76067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockwood, J. P.","contributorId":104473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casadevall, T. J.","contributorId":96680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rubin, M.","contributorId":88079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70018876,"text":"70018876 - 1995 - The Stillwater Complex, Montana: a subvolcanic magma chamber?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70018876","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Stillwater Complex, Montana: a subvolcanic magma chamber?","docAbstract":"Five magma types occur as sills in the footwall of the Stillwater Complex, all of them coeval with the Stillwater Complex, all of them coeval with the Stillwater in age. Two of the magma types have compositions that suggest they are similar to the magmas from which the cumulates of the Stillwater's Basal and Ultramafic series crystallized. Melting experiments show that the crystallization sequence inferred from the Ultramafic series cumulates is matched only in the mixture of the two sill types at 1.5-3 kbar. Thus, the observed stratigraphy of the Basal and Ultramafic series may result from mixing of two distinct magmas rather than fractionation of a single magma. The permissible pressure range of 1.5-3 kbar implies that the depth of the Stillwater magma chamber was similar to that of subvolcanic magma chambers such as that of Kilauea Volcano, which raises the possibility that the Stillwater magma body may also have been a subvolcanic reservoir. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Helz, R., 1995, The Stillwater Complex, Montana: a subvolcanic magma chamber?: American Mineralogist, v. 80, no. 11-12, p. 1343-1346.","startPage":"1343","endPage":"1346","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba911e4b08c986b322028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":16806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind Tuthill","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019001,"text":"70019001 - 1995 - Episode 49 of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō-Kūpaianaha eruption of Kilauea volcano-breakdown of a steady-state eruptive era","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T11:21:17","indexId":"70019001","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Episode 49 of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō-Kūpaianaha eruption of Kilauea volcano-breakdown of a steady-state eruptive era","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption (1983-present) is the longest lived rift eruption of either Kilauea or neighboring Mauna Loa in recorded history. The initial fissure opening in January 1983 was followed by three years of episodic fire fountaining at the Pu'u 'O'o vent on Kilauea's east rift zone ∼19km from the summit (episodes 4–47). These spectacular events gave way in July 1986 to five and a half years of near-continuous, low-level effusion from the Kupaianaha vent, ∼ 3km to the cast (episode 48). A 49th episode began in November 1991 with the opening of a new fissure between Pu'u 'O'o and Kupaianaha. This three week long outburst heralded an era of more erratic eruptive behavior characterized by the shut down of Kupaianaha in February 1992 and subsequent intermittent eruption from vents on the west flank of Pu'u 'O'o (episodes 50 and 51). The events occurring over this period are due to progressive shrinkage of the rift-zone reservoir beneath the eruption site, and had limited impact on eruption temperatures and lava composition.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00301403","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Mangan, M.T., Heliker, C., Mattox, T.N., Kauahikaua, J.P., and Helz, R., 1995, Episode 49 of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō-Kūpaianaha eruption of Kilauea volcano-breakdown of a steady-state eruptive era: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 57, no. 2, p. 127-135, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00301403.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"135","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.49224853515625,\n              19.160735484156255\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.742431640625,\n              19.160735484156255\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.742431640625,\n              19.56755420165624\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.49224853515625,\n              19.56755420165624\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.49224853515625,\n              19.160735484156255\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a0be4b0c8380cd52182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangan, M. T.","contributorId":10438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heliker, C. C.","contributorId":70753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"C. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mattox, T. N.","contributorId":55450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattox","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kauahikaua, J. P.","contributorId":69992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":16806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind Tuthill","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":381358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70019046,"text":"70019046 - 1995 - Fluid-inclusion evidence for past temperature fluctuations in the Kilauea East Rift Zone geothermal area, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T10:37:23","indexId":"70019046","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid-inclusion evidence for past temperature fluctuations in the Kilauea East Rift Zone geothermal area, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Heating and freezing data were obtained for fluid inclusions in hydrothermal quartz, calcite, and anhydrite from several depths in three scientific observation holes drilled along the lower East Rift Zone of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. Compositions of the inclusion fluids range from dilute meteoric water to highly modified sea water concentrated by boiling. Comparison of measured drill-hole temperatures with fluid-inclusion homogenization-temperature (</span><i>T</i><sub>h</sub><span>) data indicates that only about 15% of the fluid inclusions could have formed under the present thermal conditions. The majority of fluid inclusions studied must have formed during one or more times in the past when temperatures fluctuated in response to the emplacement of nearby dikes and their subsequent cooling. The fluid-inclusion data indicate that past temperatures in SOH-4 well were as much as 64°C hotter than present temperatures between 1000 and 1500 m depth and they were a maximum of 68°C cooler than present temperatures below 1500 m depth. Similarly, the data show that past temperatures near the bottoms of SOH-1 and SOH-2 wells were up to 45 and 59°C, respectively, cooler than the present thermal conditions; however, the remainder of fluid-inclusion&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub>h</sub><span>&nbsp;values for these two drill holes suggest that the temperatures of the trapped waters were nearly the same as the present temperatures at these slightly shallower depths. Several hydrothermal minerals (erionite, mordenite, truscottite, smectite, chlorite-smectite, chalcedony, anhydrite, and hematite), occurring in the drill holes at higher temperatures than they are found in geothermal drill holes of Iceland or other geothermal areas, provide additional evidence for a recent heating trend.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(95)00034-8","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Bargar, K.E., Keith, T.E., and Trusdell, F., 1995, Fluid-inclusion evidence for past temperature fluctuations in the Kilauea East Rift Zone geothermal area, Hawaii: Geothermics, v. 24, no. 5-6, p. 639-659, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(95)00034-8.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"639","endPage":"659","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a127ae4b0c8380cd5430b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bargar, Keith E.","contributorId":9643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bargar","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keith, Terry E.C.","contributorId":79099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trusdell, Frank A. 0000-0002-0681-0528 trusdell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0681-0528","contributorId":754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"Frank A.","email":"trusdell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":381513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}