{"pageNumber":"130","pageRowStart":"3225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10457,"records":[{"id":70159576,"text":"70159576 - 2016 - Flexible risk metrics for identifying and monitoring conservation-priority species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-14T13:51:40","indexId":"70159576","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-10T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flexible risk metrics for identifying and monitoring conservation-priority species","docAbstract":"<p>Region-specific conservation programs should have objective, reliable metrics for species prioritization and progress evaluation that are customizable to the goals of a program, easy to comprehend and communicate, and standardized across time. Regional programs may have vastly different goals, spatial coverage, or management agendas, and one-size-fits-all schemes may not always be the best approach. We propose a quantitative and objective framework for generating metrics for prioritizing species that is straightforward to implement and update, customizable to different spatial resolutions, and based on readily available time-series data. This framework is also well-suited to handling missing-data and observer error. We demonstrate this approach using North American Breeding Bird Survey (NABBS) data to identify conservation priority species from a list of over 300 landbirds across 33 bird conservation regions (BCRs). To highlight the flexibility of the framework for different management goals and timeframes we calculate two different metrics. The first identifies species that may be inadequately monitored by NABBS protocols in the near future (TMT, time to monitoring threshold), and the other identifies species likely to decline significantly in the near future based on recent trends (TPD, time to percent decline). Within the individual BCRs we found up to 45% (mean 28%) of the species analyzed had overall declining population trajectories, which could result in up to 37 species declining below a minimum NABBS monitoring threshold in at least one currently occupied BCR within the next 50 years. Additionally, up to 26% (mean 8%) of the species analyzed within the individual BCRs may decline by 30% within the next decade. Conservation workers interested in conserving avian diversity and abundance within these BCRs can use these metrics to plan alternative monitoring schemes or highlight the urgency of those populations experiencing the fastest declines. However, this framework is adaptable to many taxa besides birds where abundance time-series data are available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.10.020","usgsCitation":"Stanton, J.C., Semmens, B.X., McKann, P.C., Will, T., and Thogmartin, W.E., 2016, Flexible risk metrics for identifying and monitoring conservation-priority species: Ecological Indicators, v. 61, no. 2, p. 683-692, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.10.020.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"683","endPage":"692","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066945","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.10.020","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311180,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","volume":"61","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56431532e4b0aafbcd017fa4","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.10.020","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.10.020","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Stanton Jessica C., Semmens Brice X., McKann Patrick C., Will Tom, Thogmartin Wayne E.","journalName":"Ecological Indicators","publicationDate":"2/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanton, Jessica C. 0000-0002-6225-3703 jcstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-3703","contributorId":5634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jessica","email":"jcstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Semmens, Brice X.","contributorId":149775,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Semmens","given":"Brice","email":"","middleInitial":"X.","affiliations":[{"id":17820,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKann, Patrick C.","contributorId":149776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKann","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6733,"text":"former UMESC employee, USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Will, Tom","contributorId":149777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Will","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17821,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Birds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70159536,"text":"70159536 - 2016 - Effects of dam removal on Tule Fall Chinook salmon spawning habitat in the White Salmon River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-06T14:12:05","indexId":"70159536","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of dam removal on Tule Fall Chinook salmon spawning habitat in the White Salmon River, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>Condit Dam is one of the largest hydroelectric dams ever removed in the USA. Breached in a single explosive event in October 2011, hundreds-of-thousands of cubic metres of sediment washed down the White Salmon River onto spawning grounds of a threatened species, Columbia River tule fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. We investigated over a 3-year period (2010&ndash;2012) how dam breaching affected channel morphology, river hydraulics, sediment composition and tule fall Chinook salmon (hereafter &lsquo;tule salmon&rsquo;) spawning habitat in the lower 1.7&thinsp;km of the White Salmon River (project area). As expected, dam breaching dramatically affected channel morphology and spawning habitat due to a large load of sediment released from Northwestern Lake. Forty-two per cent of the project area that was previously covered in water was converted into islands or new shoreline, while a large pool near the mouth filled with sediments and a delta formed at the mouth. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model revealed that pool area decreased 68.7% in the project area, while glides and riffles increased 659% and 530%, respectively. A spatially explicit habitat model found the mean probability of spawning habitat increased 46.2% after dam breaching due to an increase in glides and riffles. Shifting channels and bank instability continue to negatively affect some spawning habitat as sediments continue to wash downstream from former Northwestern Lake, but 300&thinsp;m of new spawning habitat (river kilometre 0.6 to 0.9) that formed immediately post-breach has persisted into 2015. Less than 10% of tule salmon have spawned upstream of the former dam site to date, but the run sizes appear healthy and stable. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","doi":"10.1002/rra.2982","usgsCitation":"Hatten, J.R., Batt, T.R., Skalicky, J., Engle, R., Barton, G., Fosness, R.L., and Warren, J., 2016, Effects of dam removal on Tule Fall Chinook salmon spawning habitat in the White Salmon River, Washington: River Research and Applications, v. 32, no. 7, p. 1481-1492, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2982.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1481","endPage":"1492","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061792","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Condit Dam, Lower White Salmon River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.4916229248047,\n              45.931572625309286\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.47033691406249,\n              45.92488619186047\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.49642944335938,\n              45.891919851282076\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.48475646972656,\n              45.84362946735877\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.47994995117188,\n              45.821621922335794\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.50054931640625,\n              45.821621922335794\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.52595520019531,\n              45.86132487333675\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.52595520019531,\n              45.897654534346884\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.49642944335938,\n              45.924408558629004\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4916229248047,\n              45.931572625309286\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5641d1bde4b0831b7d62e737","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatten, James R. 0000-0003-4676-8093 jhatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-8093","contributorId":3431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatten","given":"James","email":"jhatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batt, Thomas R. tbatt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batt","given":"Thomas","email":"tbatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skalicky, Joseph J.","contributorId":91386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalicky","given":"Joseph J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engle, Rod","contributorId":149763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engle","given":"Rod","affiliations":[{"id":17818,"text":"USFWS, Columbia River Fisheries Program Office","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barton, Gary J. gbarton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Gary J.","email":"gbarton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fosness, Ryan L. 0000-0003-4089-2704 rfosness@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-2704","contributorId":2703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosness","given":"Ryan","email":"rfosness@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Warren, Joe jwarren@usgs.gov","contributorId":149764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Joe","email":"jwarren@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70169122,"text":"70169122 - 2016 - Novel and lost forests in the Upper Midwestern United States, from new estimates of settlement-era composition, stem density, and biomass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-10T13:17:12","indexId":"70169122","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-24T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Novel and lost forests in the Upper Midwestern United States, from new estimates of settlement-era composition, stem density, and biomass","docAbstract":"<p><span>EuroAmerican land-use and its legacies have transformed forest structure and composition across the United States (US). More accurate reconstructions of historical states are critical to understanding the processes governing past, current, and future forest dynamics. Here we present new gridded (8x8km) reconstructions of pre-settlement (1800s) forest composition and structure from the upper Midwestern US (Minnesota, Wisconsin, and most of Michigan), using 19th Century Public Land Survey System (PLSS), with estimates of relative composition, above-ground biomass, stem density, and basal area for 28 tree types. This mapping is more robust than past efforts, using spatially varying correction factors to accommodate sampling design, azimuthal censoring, and biases in tree selection.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0151935","usgsCitation":"Goring, S., Mladenoff, D.J., Cogbill, C., Record, S., Paciorek, C.J., Dietze, M.C., Dawson, A., Matthes, J., McLachlan, J.S., and Williams, J.W., 2016, Novel and lost forests in the Upper Midwestern United States, from new estimates of settlement-era composition, stem density, and biomass: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 12, e0151935; 34 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151935.","productDescription":"e0151935; 34 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066196","costCenters":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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J.","contributorId":145415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mladenoff","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cogbill, Charles","contributorId":167667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cogbill","given":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":16811,"text":"Harvard University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Record, Sydne","contributorId":23844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Record","given":"Sydne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paciorek, Christopher J.","contributorId":167178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paciorek","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dietze, Michael C.","contributorId":15908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietze","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dawson, Andria","contributorId":167177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Andria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Matthes, Jaclyn","contributorId":167494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matthes","given":"Jaclyn","affiliations":[{"id":24725,"text":"Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McLachlan, Jason S.","contributorId":167179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLachlan","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Williams, John W.","contributorId":16761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70158932,"text":"70158932 - 2016 - Relating mesocarnivore relative abundance to anthropogenic land-use with a hierarchical spatial count model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T10:32:38","indexId":"70158932","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-13T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relating mesocarnivore relative abundance to anthropogenic land-use with a hierarchical spatial count model","docAbstract":"<p>There is growing need to develop models of spatial patterns in animal abundance, yet comparatively few examples of such models exist. This is especially true in situations where the abundance of one species may inhibit that of another, such as the intensively-farmed landscape of the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the central United States, where waterfowl production is largely constrained by mesocarnivore nest predation. We used a hierarchical Bayesian approach to relate the distribution of various land-cover types to the relative abundances of four mesocarnivores in the PPR: coyote Canis latrans, raccoon Procyon lotor, red fox Vulpes vulpes, and striped skunk Mephitis mephitis. We developed models for each species at multiple spatial resolutions (41.4 km2, 10.4 km2, and 2.6 km2) to address different ecological and management-related questions. Model results for each species were similar irrespective of resolution. We found that the amount of row-crop agriculture was nearly ubiquitous in our best models, exhibiting a positive relationship with relative abundance for each species. The amount of native grassland land-cover was positively associated with coyote and raccoon relative abundance, but generally absent from models for red fox and skunk. Red fox and skunk were positively associated with each other, suggesting potential niche overlap. We found no evidence that coyote abundance limited that of other mesocarnivore species, as might be expected under a hypothesis of mesopredator release. The relationships between relative abundance and land-cover types were similar across spatial resolutions. Our results indicated that mesocarnivores in the PPR are most likely to occur in portions of the landscape with large amounts of agricultural land-cover. Further, our results indicated that track-survey data can be used in a hierarchical framework to gain inferences regarding spatial patterns in animal relative abundance.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ecog.01179","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Crimmins, S.M., Walleser, L.R., Hertel, D.R., McKann, P., Rohweder, J.J., and Thogmartin, W.E., 2016, Relating mesocarnivore relative abundance to anthropogenic land-use with a hierarchical spatial count model: Ecography, v. 39, no. 6, p. 524-532, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01179.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"524","endPage":"532","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057940","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309843,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.8115234375,\n              42.71473218539458\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.8115234375,\n              47.754097979680026\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.71337890625,\n              47.754097979680026\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.71337890625,\n              42.71473218539458\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.8115234375,\n              42.71473218539458\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"561e1d28e4b0cdb063e59ca5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crimmins, Shawn M. 0000-0001-6229-5543 scrimmins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6229-5543","contributorId":5498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crimmins","given":"Shawn","email":"scrimmins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walleser, Liza R. lwalleser@usgs.gov","contributorId":4329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walleser","given":"Liza","email":"lwalleser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hertel, Dan R.","contributorId":149113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hertel","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17647,"text":"United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Habitat and Population Evaluation Team","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":576940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKann, Patrick C.","contributorId":14940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKann","given":"Patrick C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rohweder, Jason J. jrohweder@usgs.gov","contributorId":460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohweder","given":"Jason","email":"jrohweder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":576942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70157593,"text":"70157593 - 2016 - Human activities cause distinct dissolved organic matter composition across freshwater ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-01T13:16:17","indexId":"70157593","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-29T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Human activities cause distinct dissolved organic matter composition across freshwater ecosystems","docAbstract":"<p><span>Dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition in freshwater ecosystems is influenced by interactions between physical, chemical, and biological processes that are controlled, at one level, by watershed landscape, hydrology, and their connections. Against this environmental template, humans may strongly influence DOM composition. Yet, we lack a comprehensive understanding of DOM composition variation across freshwater ecosystems differentially affected by human activity. Using optical properties, we described DOM variation across five ecosystem groups of the Laurentian Great Lakes Region: large lakes, Kawartha Lakes, Experimental Lakes Area, urban stormwater ponds, and rivers (n = 184 sites). We determined how between ecosystem variation in DOM composition related to watershed size, land use and cover, water quality measures (conductivity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nutrient concentration, chlorophyll&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><span>), and human population density. The five freshwater ecosystem groups had distinctive DOM composition from each other. These significant differences were not explained completely through differences in watershed size nor spatial autocorrelation. Instead, multivariate partial least squares regression showed that DOM composition was related to differences in human impact across freshwater ecosystems. In particular, urban/developed watersheds with higher human population densities had a unique DOM composition with a clear anthropogenic influence that was distinct from DOM composition in natural land cover and/or agricultural watersheds. This nonagricultural, human developed impact on aquatic DOM was most evident through increased levels of a microbial, humic-like parallel factor analysis component (C6). Lotic and lentic ecosystems with low human population densities had DOM compositions more typical of clear water to humic-rich freshwater ecosystems but C6 was only present at trace to background levels. Consequently, humans are strongly altering the quality of DOM in waters nearby or flowing through highly populated areas, which may alter carbon cycles in anthropogenically disturbed ecosystems at broad scales.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd.","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13094","usgsCitation":"Williams, C.J., Frost, P.C., Morales-Williams, A.M., Larson, J.H., Richardson, W.B., Chiandet, A.S., and Xenopoulos, M.A., 2016, Human activities cause distinct dissolved organic matter composition across freshwater ecosystems: Global Change Biology, v. 22, no. 2, p. 613-626, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13094.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"626","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064700","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308689,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560ba83de4b058f706e53a7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Clayton J.","contributorId":138631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Clayton","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12468,"text":"Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frost, Paul C.","contributorId":138628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frost","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12467,"text":"Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON  CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morales-Williams, Ana M.","contributorId":148057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morales-Williams","given":"Ana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16985,"text":"Trent University & Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larson, James H. 0000-0002-6414-9758 jhlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6414-9758","contributorId":4250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"James","email":"jhlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richardson, William B. 0000-0002-7471-4394 wrichardson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-4394","contributorId":3277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"William","email":"wrichardson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chiandet, Aisha S.","contributorId":148058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiandet","given":"Aisha","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":16986,"text":"Severn Sound Environmental Association","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Xenopoulos, Marguerite A.","contributorId":138629,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xenopoulos","given":"Marguerite","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12467,"text":"Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON  CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70162240,"text":"70162240 - 2016 - Assessing the robustness of quantitative fatty acid signature analysis to assumption violations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-20T12:38:41","indexId":"70162240","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-06T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the robustness of quantitative fatty acid signature analysis to assumption violations","docAbstract":"<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<ol>\n<li>Knowledge of animal diets can provide important insights into life history and ecology, relationships among species in a community and potential response to ecosystem change or perturbation. Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) is a method of estimating diets from data on the composition, or signature, of fatty acids stored in adipose tissue. Given data on signatures of potential prey, a predator diet is estimated by minimizing the distance between its signature and a mixture of prey signatures. Calibration coefficients, constants derived from feeding trials, are used to account for differential metabolism of individual fatty acids. QFASA has been widely applied since its introduction and several variants of the original estimator have appeared in the literature. However, work to compare the statistical properties of QFASA estimators has been limited.</li>\n<li>One important characteristic of an estimator is its robustness to violations of model assumptions. The primary assumptions of QFASA are that prey signature data contain representatives of all prey types consumed and the calibration coefficients are known without error. We investigated the robustness of two QFASA estimators to a range of violations of these assumptions using computer simulation and recorded the resulting bias in diet estimates.</li>\n<li>We found that the Aitchison distance measure was most robust to errors in the calibration coefficients. Conversely, the Kullback&ndash;Leibler distance measure was most robust to the consumption of prey without representation in the prey signature data.</li>\n<li>In most QFASA applications, investigators will generally have some knowledge of the prey available to predators and be able to assess the completeness of prey signature data and sample additional prey as necessary. Conversely, because calibration coefficients are derived from feeding trials with captive animals and their values may be sensitive to consumer physiology and nutritional status, their applicability to free-ranging animals is difficult to establish. We therefore recommend that investigators first make any improvements to the prey signature data that seem warranted and then base estimation on the Aitchison distance measure, as it appears to minimize risk from violations of the assumption that is most difficult to verify.</li>\n</ol>","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/2041-210X.12456","usgsCitation":"Bromaghin, J.F., Budge, S.M., Thiemann, G.W., and Rode, K.D., 2016, Assessing the robustness of quantitative fatty acid signature analysis to assumption violations: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 7, no. 1, p. 51-59, https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12456.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064116","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471459,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12456","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PR7T2W","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Assessing the robustness of quantitative fatty acid signature analysis to assumption violations (Supplementary data)"},{"id":438650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7N877TK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"QFASA Robustness to Assumption Violations: Computer Code"},{"id":314526,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a0bdc6e4b0961cf280dc10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. 0000-0002-7209-9500 jbromaghin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-9500","contributorId":139899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromaghin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jbromaghin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budge, Suzanne M.","contributorId":92168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Budge","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24650,"text":"Dalhousie University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thiemann, Gregory W.","contributorId":83023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thiemann","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27291,"text":"York University, Toronto, ON","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rode, Karyn D. 0000-0002-3328-8202 krode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-8202","contributorId":5053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rode","given":"Karyn","email":"krode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70157483,"text":"70157483 - 2016 - 1DTempPro V2: new features for inferring groundwater/surface-water exchange","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T10:28:50","indexId":"70157483","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1866,"text":"Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"1DTempPro V2: new features for inferring groundwater/surface-water exchange","docAbstract":"<p><span>A new version of the computer program 1DTempPro extends the original code to include new capabilities for (1) automated parameter estimation, (2) layer heterogeneity, and (3) time-varying specific discharge. The code serves as an interface to the U.S. Geological Survey model VS2DH and supports analysis of vertical one-dimensional temperature profiles under saturated flow conditions to assess groundwater/surface-water exchange and estimate hydraulic conductivity for cases where hydraulic head is known.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","publisherLocation":"Worthington, OH","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12369","collaboration":"US EPA; USGS Groundwater Resources Program; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","usgsCitation":"Koch, F.W., Voytek, E.B., Day-Lewis, F.D., Healy, R.W., Briggs, M.A., Lane, J.W., and Werkema, D.D., 2016, 1DTempPro V2: new features for inferring groundwater/surface-water exchange: Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation, v. 54, no. 3, p. 434-439, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12369.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"434","endPage":"439","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066878","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76T0JQS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"1DTempPro: A program for analysis of vertical one-dimensional (1D) temperature profiles"},{"id":309369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560d07abe4b058f706e542f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koch, Franklin W.","contributorId":147929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koch","given":"Franklin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16958,"text":"USGS, OGW Branch of Geophysics & Univ. of Calgary","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voytek, Emily B. 0000-0003-0981-453X ebvoytek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0981-453X","contributorId":3575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"Emily","email":"ebvoytek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Werkema, Dale D.","contributorId":40488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werkema","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70156836,"text":"70156836 - 2016 - Detecting significant change in stream benthic macroinvertebrate communities in wilderness areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-01T13:16:49","indexId":"70156836","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-31T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting significant change in stream benthic macroinvertebrate communities in wilderness areas","docAbstract":"<p id=\"spar0005\">A major challenge in the biological monitoring of stream ecosystems in protected wilderness areas is discerning whether temporal changes in community structure are significantly outside of a reference condition that represents natural or acceptable annual variation in population cycles. Otherwise sites could erroneously be classified as impaired. Long-term datasets are essential for understanding these trends, to ascertain whether any changes in community structure significantly beyond the reference condition are permanent shifts or with time move back to within previous limits. To this end, we searched for long-term (&gt;8 years) quantitative data sets of macroinvertebrate communities in wadeable rivers collected by similar methods and time of year in protected wilderness areas with minimal anthropogenic disturbance. Four geographic areas with datasets that met these criteria in the USA were identified, namely: McLaughlin Nature Reserve in California (1 stream), Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennesse-North Carolina (14 streams), Wind River Wilderness Areas in Wyoming (3 streams) and Denali National Park and Preserve in Alaska (6 streams).</p>\n<p id=\"spar0010\">Two statistical approaches were applied: Taxonomic Distinctness (TD) to describe changes in diversity over time and non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) to describe changes over time in community persistence (Jaccards Index) and community stability (Bray&ndash;Curtis Index). Control charts were used to determine if years in MDS plots were significantly outside a reference condition. For Hunting Creek, TD showed three years outside natural variation which could be attributed to severe hydrological events but years outside the natural-variation funnel at sites in other geographical areas were inconsistent and could not be explained by environmental variables. TD identified simulated severe pollutant events which caused the removal of entire invertebrate assemblages but not simulated water temperature shifts.</p>\n<p id=\"spar0015\">Within a region, both MDS analyses typically identified similar years as exceeding reference condition variation, illustrating the utility of the approach for identifying wider spatial scale effects that influence more than one stream. MDS responded to both simulated water temperature stress and a pollutant event, and generally outlying years on MDS plots could be explained by environmental variables, particularly higher precipitation. Multivariate control charts successfully identified whether shifts in community structure identified by MDS were significant and whether the shift represented a press disturbance (long-term change) or a pulse disturbance. We consider a combination of TD and MDS with control charts to be a potentially powerful tool for determining years significantly outside of a reference condition variation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.07.025","usgsCitation":"Milner, A.M., Woodward, A., Freilich, J.E., Black, R.W., and Resh, V.H., 2016, Detecting significant change in stream benthic macroinvertebrate communities in wilderness areas: Ecological Indicators, v. 60, p. 524-537, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.07.025.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"524","endPage":"537","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052838","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307725,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, California, North Carolina, Tennesse, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park and Preserve, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, McLaughlin Nature Reserve, Wind River Wilderness Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.40966796874999,\n              39.027718840211605\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.40966796874999,\n              40.027614437486655\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.26708984374999,\n              40.027614437486655\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.26708984374999,\n              39.027718840211605\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.40966796874999,\n              39.027718840211605\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": 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E.","contributorId":147210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freilich","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12587,"text":"Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Black, Robert W. 0000-0002-4748-8213 rwblack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4748-8213","contributorId":1820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"Robert","email":"rwblack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Resh, Vincent H.","contributorId":12169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Resh","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70156835,"text":"70156835 - 2016 - Experimental infection of six North American fish species with the North Carolina strain of spring Viremia of Carp Virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-19T11:46:49","indexId":"70156835","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-31T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental infection of six North American fish species with the North Carolina strain of spring Viremia of Carp Virus","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\">Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is a rhabdoviral pathogen associated with disease outbreaks in cultured and wild fish worldwide. Common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio carp</i>), and koi (<i>C. carpio koi</i>) suffer the highest mortalities from SVCV infections, while other cyprinid fish species have varying susceptibility. Although salmonid fish typically are considered refractory to infection by SVCV, there have been a few reports suggesting infection has occurred in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>). There have been no reports of Percid fish being infected with SVCV. Since the first North American outbreak of SVCV at a North Carolina koi farm in 2002 there have been eight subsequent detections or outbreaks of SVCV among fish species from the families of&nbsp;<i>Cyprinidae</i>&nbsp;and<i>Centrarchidae</i>&nbsp;within the US and Canada. Thus, this exotic virus is considered a potential threat to native and cultured fish populations in North America. We performed multiple experimental challenges with fish species from three families (<i>Salmonidae</i>,&nbsp;<i>Cyprinidae</i>, and&nbsp;<i>Percidae</i>) to identify the potential risk associated with SVCV exposure of resident fish populations in North America.</p>\n<p id=\"sp0010\">Three salmonid species, rainbow and steelhead trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>), Chinook salmon (<i>O. tshawytscha</i>), and sockeye salmon (<i>O. nerka</i>), were challenged by immersion or injection with the North Carolina SVCV isolate. Two cyprinid species, koi and fathead minnow (<i>Pimephales promelas</i>) and one percid species, yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>) were also challenged. Koi were highly susceptible to SVCV up to 11&nbsp;months of age and fathead minnows had chronic disease expression with moderate mortality (29%). SVCV also induced moderate mortalities (33%) in yellow perch fry. Virus challenged salmonid fish had cumulative percent mortalities ranging from 0 to 100%, with sockeye salmon fry being the most vulnerable. A sub-sample of mortalities and survivors were screened for virus by plaque assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In general, all mortalities tested positive for SVCV with high viral titers while survivors had variable persistence of SVCV with overall lower virus titers. Our SVCV challenges of multiple North American fish species suggested that host age is a key factor in determining disease outcome. Other factors, such as fish broodstock, virus strain, water temperature, and rearing conditions in association with the intrinsic level of species susceptibility may also impact infection dynamics. This is the first report of SVCV infecting a species (yellow perch) in the family&nbsp;<i>Percidae</i>&nbsp;and that sockeye salmon fry can suffer similarly high mortalities as the primary SVCV host species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.07.007","usgsCitation":"Emmenegger, E.J., Sanders, G.E., Conway, C.M., Binkowski, F.P., Winton, J., and Kurath, G., 2016, Experimental infection of six North American fish species with the North Carolina strain of spring Viremia of Carp Virus: Aquaculture, v. 450, p. 273-282, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.07.007.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"282","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065791","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471462,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.07.007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307724,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"450","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e56ca3e4b05561fa208670","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.07.007","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.07.007","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Emmenegger Eveline J., Sanders George E., Conway Carla M., Binkowski Fred P., Winton James R., Kurath Gael","journalName":"Aquaculture","publicationDate":"1/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emmenegger, Eveline J. 0000-0001-5217-6030 eemmenegger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5217-6030","contributorId":2434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmenegger","given":"Eveline","email":"eemmenegger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanders, George E.","contributorId":147207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanders","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16803,"text":"University of Washington, School of Medicine, Dept. of Comparative Medicine, T-160 Health Sciences Center, Seattle, WA  98195","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conway, Carla M. 0000-0002-3851-3616 cmconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3851-3616","contributorId":2946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Carla","email":"cmconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Binkowski, Fred P.","contributorId":147208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Binkowski","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16804,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, School of Freshwater Sciences, 600 E. Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winton, James R. jwinton@usgs.gov","contributorId":147209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James R.","email":"jwinton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70155896,"text":"70155896 - 2016 - Effects of wind-energy facilities on grassland bird distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T11:09:10","indexId":"70155896","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-18T04:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of wind-energy facilities on grassland bird distributions","docAbstract":"<p>The contribution of renewable energy to meet worldwide demand continues to grow. Wind energy is one of the fastest growing renewable sectors, but new wind facilities are often placed in prime wildlife habitat. Long-term studies that incorporate a rigorous statistical design to evaluate the effects of wind facilities on wildlife are rare. We conducted a before-after-control-impact (BACI) assessment to determine if wind facilities placed in native mixed-grass prairies displaced breeding grassland birds. During 2003&ndash;2012, we monitored changes in bird density in 3 study areas in North Dakota and South Dakota (U.S.A.). We examined whether displacement or attraction occurred 1 year after construction (immediate effect) and the average displacement or attraction 2&ndash;5 years after construction (delayed effect). We tested for these effects overall and within distance bands of 100, 200, 300, and &gt;300 m from turbines. We observed displacement for 7 of 9 species. One species was unaffected by wind facilities and one species exhibited attraction. Displacement and attraction generally occurred within 100 m and often extended up to 300 m. In a few instances, displacement extended beyond 300 m. Displacement and attraction occurred 1 year after construction and persisted at least 5 years. Our research provides a framework for applying a BACI design to displacement studies and highlights the erroneous conclusions that can be made without the benefit of adopting such a design. More broadly, species-specific behaviors can be used to inform management decisions about turbine placement and the potential impact to individual species. Additionally, the avoidance distance metrics we estimated can facilitate future development of models evaluating impacts of wind facilities under differing land-use scenarios.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/cobi.12569","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, J.A., and Buhl, D.A., 2016, Effects of wind-energy facilities on grassland bird distributions: Conservation Biology, v. 30, no. 1, p. 59-71, https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12569.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"71","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060722","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7T43SDG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Effects of wind-energy facilities on breeding grassland bird distributions - data 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,{"id":70160802,"text":"70160802 - 2016 - Morphological identification and COI barcodes of adult flies help determine species identities of chironomid larvae (Diptera, Chironomidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-17T11:26:12","indexId":"70160802","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-15T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5028,"text":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphological identification and COI barcodes of adult flies help determine species identities of chironomid larvae (Diptera, Chironomidae)","docAbstract":"<p>Establishing reliable methods for the identification of benthic chironomid communities is important due to their significant contribution to biomass, ecology and the aquatic food web. Immature larval specimens are more difficult to identify to species level by traditional morphological methods than their fully developed adult counterparts, and few keys are available to identify the larval species. In order to develop molecular criteria to identify species of chironomid larvae, larval and adult chironomids from Western Lake Erie were subjected to both molecular and morphological taxonomic analysis. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) barcode sequences of 33 adults that were identified to species level by morphological methods were grouped with COI sequences of 189 larvae in a neighbor-joining taxon-ID tree. Most of these larvae could be identified only to genus level by morphological taxonomy (only 22 of the 189 sequenced larvae could be identified to species level). The taxon-ID tree of larval sequences had 45 operational taxonomic units (OTUs, defined as clusters with &gt;97% identity or individual sequences differing from nearest neighbors by &gt;3%; supported by analysis of all larval pairwise differences), of which seven could be identified to species or &lsquo;species group&rsquo; level by larval morphology. Reference sequences from the GenBank and BOLD databases assigned six larval OTUs with presumptive species level identifications and confirmed one previously assigned species level identification. Sequences from morphologically identified adults in the present study grouped with and further classified the identity of 13 larval OTUs. The use of morphological identification and subsequent DNA barcoding of adult chironomids proved to be beneficial in revealing possible species level identifications of larval specimens. Sequence data from this study also contribute to currently inadequate public databases relevant to the Great Lakes region, while the neighbor-joining analysis reported here describes the application and confirmation of a useful tool that can accelerate identification and bioassesment of chironomid communities.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0007485315000486","usgsCitation":"Failla, A.J., Vasquez, A.A., Hudson, P.L., Fujimoto, M., and Ram, J.L., 2016, Morphological identification and COI barcodes of adult flies help determine species identities of chironomid larvae (Diptera, Chironomidae): Bulletin of Entomological Research, v. 106, p. 34-46, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485315000486.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"46","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061158","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323878,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57651f39e4b07657d19c7901","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Failla, Andrew Joseph","contributorId":151001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Failla","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":7147,"text":"Wayne State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vasquez, Adrian Amelio","contributorId":151002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vasquez","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"Amelio","affiliations":[{"id":7147,"text":"Wayne State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudson, Patrick L. 0000-0002-7646-443X phudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-443X","contributorId":5616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Patrick","email":"phudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fujimoto, Masanori","contributorId":151003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujimoto","given":"Masanori","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7147,"text":"Wayne State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ram, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":33659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ram","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70145073,"text":"70145073 - 2016 - Hydrologic response of streams restored with check dams in the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T10:41:30","indexId":"70145073","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-03T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic response of streams restored with check dams in the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this study, hydrological processes are evaluated to determine impacts of stream restoration in the West Turkey Creek, Chiricahua Mountains, southeast Arizona, during a summer-monsoon season (June&ndash;October of 2013). A paired-watershed approach was used to analyze the effectiveness of check dams to mitigate high flows and impact long-term maintenance of hydrologic function. One watershed had been extensively altered by the installation of numerous small check dams over the past 30&thinsp;years, and the other was untreated (control). We modified and installed a new stream-gauging mechanism developed for remote areas, to compare the water balance and calculate rainfall&ndash;runoff ratios. Results show that even 30&thinsp;years after installation, most of the check dams were still functional. The watershed treated with check dams has a lower runoff response to precipitation compared with the untreated, most notably in measurements of peak flow. Concerns that downstream flows would be reduced in the treated watershed, due to storage of water behind upstream check dams, were not realized; instead, flow volumes were actually higher overall in the treated stream, even though peak flows were dampened. We surmise that check dams are a useful management tool for reducing flow velocities associated with erosion and degradation and posit they can increase baseflow in aridlands.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.2895","usgsCitation":"Norman, L.M., Brinkerhoff, F.C., Gwilliam, E., Guertin, D.P., Callegary, J.B., Goodrich, D.C., Nagler, P.L., and Gray, F., 2016, Hydrologic response of streams restored with check dams in the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona: River Research and Applications, v. 32, no. 4, p. 519-527, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2895.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"527","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054961","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2895","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299331,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Chiricahua Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.500732421875,\n              31.549282377352668\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.500732421875,\n              32.14771106595571\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.0997314453125,\n              32.14771106595571\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.0997314453125,\n              31.549282377352668\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.500732421875,\n              31.549282377352668\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551fab98e4b027f0aee3bae8","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/rra.2895","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.2895","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Norman L. M., Brinkerhoff F., Gwilliam E., Guertin D. P., Callegary J., Goodrich D. C., Nagler P. L., Gray F.","journalName":"River Research and Applications","publicationDate":"3/21/2015","auditedOn":"3/17/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406 lnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","email":"lnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brinkerhoff, Fletcher C. fbrinker@usgs.gov","contributorId":5285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinkerhoff","given":"Fletcher","email":"fbrinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gwilliam, Evan","contributorId":140052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gwilliam","given":"Evan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13367,"text":"National Parks Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guertin, D. Phillip","contributorId":46062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guertin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Phillip","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Callegary, James B. 0000-0003-3604-0517 jcallega@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-0517","contributorId":2171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callegary","given":"James","email":"jcallega@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goodrich, David C.","contributorId":65552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodrich","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6758,"text":"USDA-ARS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gray, Floyd 0000-0002-0223-8966 fgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-8966","contributorId":603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Floyd","email":"fgray@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70173910,"text":"70173910 - 2016 - A hierarchical community occurrence model for North Carolina stream fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-15T11:28:45","indexId":"70173910","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A hierarchical community occurrence model for North Carolina stream fish","docAbstract":"<p><span>The southeastern USA is home to one of the richest&mdash;and most imperiled and threatened&mdash;freshwater fish assemblages in North America. For many of these rare and threatened species, conservation efforts are often limited by a lack of data. Drawing on a unique and extensive data set spanning over 20&nbsp;years, we modeled occurrence probabilities of 126 stream fish species sampled throughout North Carolina, many of which occur more broadly in the southeastern USA. Specifically, we developed species-specific occurrence probabilities from hierarchical Bayesian multispecies models that were based on common land use and land cover covariates. We also used index of biotic integrity tolerance classifications as a second level in the model hierarchy; we identify this level as informative for our work, but it is flexible for future model applications. Based on the partial-pooling property of the models, we were able to generate occurrence probabilities for many imperiled and data-poor species in addition to highlighting a considerable amount of occurrence heterogeneity that supports species-specific investigations whenever possible. Our results provide critical species-level information on many threatened and imperiled species as well as information that may assist with re-evaluation of existing management strategies, such as the use of surrogate species. Finally, we highlight the use of a relatively simple hierarchical model that can easily be generalized for similar situations in which conventional models fail to provide reliable estimates for data-poor groups.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2014.931745","usgsCitation":"Midway, S., Wagner, T., and Tracy, B., 2016, A hierarchical community occurrence model for North Carolina stream fish: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 143, no. 5, p. 1348-1357, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.931745.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1348","endPage":"1357","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052105","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323672,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"143","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57627c2ce4b07657d19a69b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Midway, S.R.","contributorId":55666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Midway","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tracy, B.H.","contributorId":72194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tracy","given":"B.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70173898,"text":"70173898 - 2016 - Reproductive success and habitat characteristics of Golden-winged Warblers in high-elevation pasturelands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-15T12:42:05","indexId":"70173898","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-30T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive success and habitat characteristics of Golden-winged Warblers in high-elevation pasturelands","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Golden-winged Warbler (</span><i>Vermivora chrysoptera</i><span>) is one of the most rapidly declining vertebrate species in the Appalachian Mountains. It is the subject of extensive range-wide research and conservation action. However, little is known about this species' breeding ecology in high-elevation pasturelands, a breeding habitat with conservation potential considering the U.S. Natural Resource Conservation Service's Working Lands for Wildlife program targeting private lands in the Appalachian Mountains. We located 100 nests of Golden-winged Warblers in pastures in and around the Monongahela National Forest in West Virginia during 2008&ndash;2012. Daily nest survival rate (mean &plusmn; SE  =  0.962 &plusmn; 0.006), clutch size (4.5 &plusmn; 0.1), and number of young fledged per nest attempt (2.0 &plusmn; 0.2) and successful nest (4.0 &plusmn; 0.1) fell within the range of values reported in other parts of the species' range and were not significantly affected by year or the presence/absence of cattle grazing. Classification tree analysis revealed that nests were in denser vegetation (&ge;52%) and closer to forest edges (&lt;36.0&nbsp;m) and shrubs (&lt;7.0&nbsp;cm) than random locations within the male's territory. Successful nests had significantly more woody cover (&ge;9%) within 1&nbsp;m than failed nests. Our results suggest that cattle grazing at 1.2&ndash;2.4&nbsp;ha of forage/animal unit with periodic mowing can create and maintain these characteristics without interfering with the nesting of Golden-winged Warblers. High-elevation pasturelands may provide a refuge for remaining populations of Golden-winged Warblers in this region.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1676/13-114.1","usgsCitation":"Wood, P., and Aldinger, K.R., 2016, Reproductive success and habitat characteristics of Golden-winged Warblers in high-elevation pasturelands: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 126, no. 2, p. 279-287, https://doi.org/10.1676/13-114.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"287","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028560","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57627c37e4b07657d19a6a0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Petra pbwood@usgs.gov","contributorId":169812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Petra","email":"pbwood@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34541,"text":"West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldinger, Kyle R.","contributorId":171892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aldinger","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":34541,"text":"West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70203706,"text":"70203706 - 2015 - Effects of simple acid leaching of crushed and powdered geological materials on high-precision Pb isotope analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-17T13:13:47","indexId":"70203706","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-28T11:04:44","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of simple acid leaching of crushed and powdered geological materials on high-precision Pb isotope analyses","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present new results of simple acid leaching experiments on the Pb isotope composition of USGS standard reference material powders and on ocean island basalt whole rock splits and powders. Rock samples were leached with cold 6&nbsp;</span><i>N</i><span>&nbsp;HCl in an ultrasonic bath, then on a hot plate, and washed with ultrapure H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O before sample digestion in HF‐HNO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;and chromatographic purification of Pb. Lead isotope analyses were measured by Tl‐doped MC‐ICPMS. Intrasession and intersession analytical reproducibilities of repeated analyses of both synthetic Pb solutions and Pb from single digests of chemically processed natural samples were generally better than 100 ppm (2 SD). The comparison of leached and unleached samples shows that leaching consistently removes variable amounts of contaminants that differ in Pb isotopic composition for different starting materials. For repeated digests of a single sample, analyses of leached samples reproduce better than those of unleached ones, confirming that leaching effectively removes most of the heterogeneously distributed extraneous Pb. Nevertheless, the external reproducibility of leached samples is still up to an order of magnitude worse than that of Pb solution standards (∼100 ppm). More complex leaching methods employed by earlier studies yield Pb isotope ratios within error of those produced by our method and at similar levels of reproducibility, demonstrating that our simple leaching method is as effective as more complex leaching techniques. Therefore, any Pb isotope heterogeneity among multiple leached digests of samples in excess of the external reproducibility is attributed to inherent isotopic heterogeneity of the sample. The external precision of ∼100 ppm (2 SD) achieved for Pb isotope ratio determination by Tl‐doped MC‐ICPMS is thus sufficient for most rocks. The full advantage of the most precise Pb isotope analytical methods is only realized in cases where the natural isotopic heterogeneity among samples in a studied suite is substantially below 100 ppm.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015GC005804","usgsCitation":"Todd, E., Stracke, A., and Scherer, E., 2015, Effects of simple acid leaching of crushed and powdered geological materials on high-precision Pb isotope analyses: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 16, no. 7, p. 2276-2302, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GC005804.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"2276","endPage":"2302","ipdsId":"IP-061301","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, Erin 0000-0002-4871-9730 etodd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4871-9730","contributorId":202811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Erin","email":"etodd@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stracke, Andreas","contributorId":216038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stracke","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39353,"text":"Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Institüt für Mineralogie, Münster, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scherer, Erik","contributorId":216039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scherer","given":"Erik","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39353,"text":"Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Institüt für Mineralogie, Münster, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70182748,"text":"70182748 - 2015 - Dating base flow in streams using dissolved gases and diurnal temperature changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T09:17:56","indexId":"70182748","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dating base flow in streams using dissolved gases and diurnal temperature changes","docAbstract":"<p><span>A method is presented for using dissolved CFCs or SF</span><sub>6</sub><span> to estimate the apparent age of stream base flow by indirectly estimating the mean concentration of the tracer in the inflowing groundwater. The mean value is estimated simultaneously with the mean residence times of the gas and water in the stream by sampling the stream for one or both age tracers, along with dissolved nitrogen and argon at a single location over a period of approximately 12–14 h. The data are fitted to an equation representing the temporal in-stream gas exchange as it responds to the diurnal temperature fluctuation. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated by collecting and analyzing samples at six different stream locations across parts of northern Virginia, USA. The studied streams drain watersheds with areas of between 2 and 122 km</span><sup>2</sup><span> during periods when the diurnal stream temperature ranged between 2 and 5°C. The method has the advantage of estimating the mean groundwater residence time of discharge from the watershed to the stream without the need for the collection of groundwater infiltrating to streambeds or local groundwater sampled from shallow observation wells near the stream.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2014WR016796","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W.E., Casile, G.C., and Haase, K.B., 2015, Dating base flow in streams using dissolved gases and diurnal temperature changes: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 12, p. 9790-9803, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR016796.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"9790","endPage":"9803","ipdsId":"IP-067414","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr016796","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","volume":"51","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a42e4b01ccd54ff3fa8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casile, Gerolamo C. jcasile@usgs.gov","contributorId":4007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casile","given":"Gerolamo","email":"jcasile@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haase, Karl B. 0000-0002-6897-6494 khaase@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6897-6494","contributorId":3405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haase","given":"Karl","email":"khaase@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178044,"text":"70178044 - 2015 - Assessing shoreline exposure and oyster habitat suitability maximizes potential success for sustainable shoreline protection using restored oyster reefs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-01T12:50:03","indexId":"70178044","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3840,"text":"PeerJ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing shoreline exposure and oyster habitat suitability maximizes potential success for sustainable shoreline protection using restored oyster reefs","docAbstract":"<p><span>Oyster reefs provide valuable ecosystem services that contribute to coastal resilience. Unfortunately, many reefs have been degraded or removed completely, and there are increased efforts to restore oysters in many coastal areas. In particular, much attention has recently been given to the restoration of shellfish reefs along eroding shorelines to reduce erosion. Such fringing reef approaches, however, often lack empirical data to identify locations where reefs are most effective in reducing marsh erosion, or fully take into account habitat suitability. Using monitoring data from 5 separate fringing reef projects across coastal Louisiana, we quantify shoreline exposure (fetch + wind direction + wind speed) and reef impacts on shoreline retreat. Our results indicate that fringing oyster reefs have a higher impact on shoreline retreat at higher exposure shorelines. At higher exposures, fringing reefs reduced marsh edge erosion an average of 1.0 m y</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Using these data, we identify ranges of shoreline exposure values where oyster reefs are most effective at reducing marsh edge erosion and apply this knowledge to a case study within one Louisiana estuary. In Breton Sound estuary, we calculate shoreline exposure at 500 random points and then overlay a habitat suitability index for oysters. This method and the resulting visualization show areas most likely to support sustainable oyster populations as well as significantly reduce shoreline erosion. Our results demonstrate how site selection criteria, which include shoreline exposure and habitat suitability, are critical to ensuring greater positive impacts and longevity of oyster reef restoration projects.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7717/peerj.1317","usgsCitation":"LaPeyre, M.K., Serra, K., Joyner, T.A., and Humphries, A.T., 2015, Assessing shoreline exposure and oyster habitat suitability maximizes potential success for sustainable shoreline protection using restored oyster reefs: PeerJ, v. 3, e1317; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1317.","productDescription":"e1317; 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-067597","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1317","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.3291015625,\n              28.8975881579445\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.3291015625,\n              30.424992973925598\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.714599609375,\n              30.424992973925598\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.714599609375,\n              28.8975881579445\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.3291015625,\n              28.8975881579445\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5819a9c4e4b0bb36a4c9102f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaPeyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPeyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Serra, Kayla","contributorId":176509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serra","given":"Kayla","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joyner, T. 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,{"id":70173606,"text":"70173606 - 2015 - Hydroxide stabilization as a new tool for ballast disinfection: Efficacy of treatment on zooplankton","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-15T13:02:28","indexId":"70173606","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-22T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2655,"text":"Management of Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydroxide stabilization as a new tool for ballast disinfection: Efficacy of treatment on zooplankton","docAbstract":"<p>Effective and economical tools are needed for treating ship ballast to meet new regulatory requirements designed to reduce the introduction of invasive aquatic species from ship traffic. We tested the efficacy of hydroxide stabilization as a ballast disinfection tool in replicated, sequential field trials on board the M/V Ranger III in waters of Lake Superior. Ballast water was introduced into each of four identical 1,320 L stainless steel tanks during a simulated ballasting operation. Two tanks were treated with NaOH to elevate the pH to 11.7 and the remaining two tanks were held as controls without pH alteration. After retention on board for 14&ndash;18 h, CO<sub>2</sub>-rich gas recovered from one of two diesel propulsion engines was sparged into tanks treated with NaOH for 2 h to force conversion of NaOH ultimately to sodium bicarbonate, thereby lowering pH to about 7.1. Prior to gas sparging, the engine exhaust was treated by a unique catalytic converter/wet scrubber process train to remove unwanted combustion byproducts and to provide cooling. The contents of each tank were then drained and filtered through 35-&micro;m mesh plankton nets to collect all zooplankton. The composition and relative survival of zooplankton in each tank were evaluated by microscopy. Zooplankton populations were dominated by rotifers, but copepods and cladocerans were also observed. Hydroxide stabilization was 100% effective in killing all zooplankton present at the start of the tests. Our results suggest hydroxide stabilization has potential to be an effective and practical tool to disinfect ship ballast. Further, using CO<sub>2</sub> released from the ship engine reduces emissions and the neutralized by product, sodium bicarbonate, can have beneficial impacts on the aquatic environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"REABIC","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2015.6.3.05","usgsCitation":"Moffitt, C.M., Watten, B.J., Barenburg, A., and Henquinet, J.W., 2015, Hydroxide stabilization as a new tool for ballast disinfection: Efficacy of treatment on zooplankton: Management of Biological Invasions, v. 6, no. 3, p. 263-275, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2015.6.3.05.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"275","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061028","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2015.6.3.05","text":"Publisher Index 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bwatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":2002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"Barnaby","email":"bwatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barenburg, Amber","contributorId":149857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barenburg","given":"Amber","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henquinet, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":171741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henquinet","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70173493,"text":"70173493 - 2015 - The relationship between vessel traffic and noise levels received by killer whales (<i>Orcinus orca</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-17T12:17:45","indexId":"70173493","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-07T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relationship between vessel traffic and noise levels received by killer whales (<i>Orcinus orca</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Whale watching has become increasingly popular as an ecotourism activity around the globe and is beneficial for environmental education and local economies. Southern Resident killer whales (</span><i>Orcinus orca</i><span>) comprise an endangered population that is frequently observed by a large whale watching fleet in the inland waters of Washington state and British Columbia. One of the factors identified as a risk to recovery for the population is the effect of vessels and associated noise. An examination of the effects of vessels and associated noise on whale behavior utilized novel equipment to address limitations of previous studies. Digital acoustic recording tags (DTAGs) measured the noise levels the tagged whales received while laser positioning systems allowed collection of geo-referenced data for tagged whales and all vessels within 1000 m of the tagged whale. The objective of the current study was to compare vessel data and DTAG recordings to relate vessel traffic to the ambient noise received by tagged whales. Two analyses were conducted, one including all recording intervals, and one that excluded intervals when only the research vessel was present. For all data, significant predictors of noise levels were length (inverse relationship), number of propellers, and vessel speed, but only 15% of the variation in noise was explained by this model. When research-vessel-only intervals were excluded, vessel speed was the only significant predictor of noise levels, and explained 42% of the variation. Simple linear regressions (ignoring covariates) found that average vessel speed and number of propellers were the only significant correlates with noise levels. We conclude that vessel speed is the most important predictor of noise levels received by whales in this study. Thus, measures that reduce vessel speed in the vicinity of killer whales would reduce noise exposure in this population.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0140119","usgsCitation":"Houghton, J., Holt, M.M., Giles, D.A., Hanson, M.B., Emmons, C.K., Hogan, J.T., Branch, T., and VanBlaricom, G.R., 2015, The relationship between vessel traffic and noise levels received by killer whales (<i>Orcinus orca</i>): PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 12, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140119.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065949","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140119","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323889,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Vancouver, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.67265319824217,\n              48.76343113791796\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.92602539062501,\n              48.772935170565056\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.25149536132811,\n              48.69232017824781\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.21098327636719,\n              48.569337856144415\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.14987182617188,\n              48.45653041501911\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.09219360351561,\n              48.41826449418743\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.16635131835938,\n              48.35442390123028\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.79968261718749,\n              48.28502057399577\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.70217895507811,\n              48.37449671682332\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.74063110351562,\n              48.4765629664158\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.684326171875,\n              48.521152504948994\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.64862060546875,\n              48.596592251456705\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.62527465820311,\n              48.63563125791999\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.56484985351561,\n              48.634723716904\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.67265319824217,\n              48.76343113791796\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57651f3be4b07657d19c793d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houghton, Juliana","contributorId":172082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Juliana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holt, Marla M.","contributorId":172083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holt","given":"Marla","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giles, Deborah A.","contributorId":172084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giles","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanson, M. Bradley","contributorId":172085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bradley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Emmons, Candice K.","contributorId":172086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Emmons","given":"Candice","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hogan, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":172087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hogan","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Branch, Trevor A.","contributorId":172088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Branch","given":"Trevor A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"VanBlaricom, Glenn R. glennvb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanBlaricom","given":"Glenn","email":"glennvb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70168359,"text":"70168359 - 2015 - Toward a mechanistic understanding of human-induced rapid environmental change: A case study linking energy development, avian nest predation, and predators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T11:32:01","indexId":"70168359","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toward a mechanistic understanding of human-induced rapid environmental change: A case study linking energy development, avian nest predation, and predators","docAbstract":"<ol id=\"jpe12513-list-0001\" class=\"numbered\">\n<li>Demographic consequences of human-induced rapid environmental change (HIREC) have been widely documented for many populations. The mechanisms underlying such patterns, however, are rarely investigated and yet are critical to understand for effective conservation and management.</li>\n<li>We investigated the mechanisms underlying reduced avian nest survival with intensification of natural gas development, an increasing source of human-induced rapid environmental change globally. We tested the hypothesis that energy development increased the local activity of important nest predator species, thereby elevating nest predation rates. During 2011&ndash;2012, we surveyed predators and monitored 668 nests of Brewer's sparrows&nbsp;<i>Spizella breweri</i>&nbsp;(BRSP), sagebrush sparrows&nbsp;<i>Artemisiospiza nevadensis</i>(SASPs) and sage thrashers&nbsp;<i>Oreoscoptes montanus</i>&nbsp;(SATHs) breeding at twelve sites spanning a gradient of habitat loss from energy development in western Wyoming, USA.</li>\n<li>Nine species, representing four mammalian and three avian families, were video-recorded depredating eggs and nestlings. Important nest predator species differed across songbird species, despite similar nesting habitats. Approximately 75% of depredation events were by rodents.</li>\n<li>Consistent with our predictions, detections of most rodent nest predators increased with surrounding habitat loss due to natural gas development, which was associated with increased probability of nest predation for our three focal bird species.</li>\n<li>An altered nest predator assemblage was therefore at least partly responsible for elevated avian nest predation risk in areas with more surrounding energy development.</li>\n<li><i>Synthesis and applications</i>. We demonstrate one mechanism, that is the local augmentation of predators, by which human-induced rapid environmental change can influence the demography of local populations. Given the accelerating trajectory of global energy demands, an important next step will be to understand why the activity and/or abundance of rodent predators increased with surrounding habitat loss from energy development activities.</li>\n</ol>","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.12513","usgsCitation":"Hethcoat, M.G., and Chalfoun, A.D., 2015, Toward a mechanistic understanding of human-induced rapid environmental change: A case study linking energy development, avian nest predation, and predators: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 52, no. 6, p. 1492-1499, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12513.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1492","endPage":"1499","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064786","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12513","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c44832e4b0946c65211722","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.12513","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12513","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Hethcoat Matthew G., Chalfoun Anna D.","journalName":"Journal of Applied Ecology","publicationDate":"9/4/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hethcoat, Matthew G.","contributorId":66565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hethcoat","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chalfoun, Anna D. achalfoun@usgs.gov","contributorId":3735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalfoun","given":"Anna","email":"achalfoun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":619799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70168369,"text":"70168369 - 2015 - Depth of artificial Burrowing Owl burrows affects thermal suitability and occupancy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T09:09:59","indexId":"70168369","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depth of artificial Burrowing Owl burrows affects thermal suitability and occupancy","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many organizations have installed artificial burrows to help bolster local Burrowing Owl (</span><i>Athene cunicularia</i><span>) populations. However, occupancy probability and reproductive success in artificial burrows varies within and among burrow installations. We evaluated the possibility that depth below ground might explain differences in occupancy probability and reproductive success by affecting the temperature of artificial burrows. We measured burrow temperatures from March to July 2010 in 27 artificial burrows in southern California that were buried 15&ndash;76 cm below the surface (measured between the surface and the top of the burrow chamber). Burrow depth was one of several characteristics that affected burrow temperature. Burrow temperature decreased by 0.03&deg;C per cm of soil on top of the burrow. The percentage of time that artificial burrows provided a thermal refuge from above-ground temperature decreased with burrow depth and ranged between 50% and 58% among burrows. The percentage of time that burrow temperature was optimal for incubating females also decreased with burrow depth and ranged between 27% and 100% among burrows. However, the percentage of time that burrow temperature was optimal for unattended eggs increased with burrow depth and ranged between 11% and 95% among burrows. We found no effect of burrow depth on reproductive success across 21 nesting attempts. However, occupancy probability had a non-linear relationship with burrow depth. The shallowest burrows (15 cm) had a moderate probability of being occupied (0.46), burrows between 28 and 40 cm had the highest probability of being occupied (&gt;0.80), and burrows &gt;53 cm had the lowest probability of being occupied (&lt;0.43). Burrowing Owls may prefer burrows at moderate depths because these burrows provide a thermal refuge from above-ground temperatures, and are often cool enough to allow females to leave eggs unattended before the onset of full-time incubation, but not too cool for incubating females that spend most of their time in the burrow during incubation. Our results suggest that depth is an important consideration when installing artificial burrows for Burrowing Owls. However, additional study is needed to determine the possible effects of burrow depth on reproductive success and on possible tradeoffs between the effects of burrow depth on optimal temperature and other factors, such as minimizing the risk of nest predation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jofo.12119","usgsCitation":"Nadeau, C.P., Conway, C.J., and Rathbun, N., 2015, Depth of artificial Burrowing Owl burrows affects thermal suitability and occupancy: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 86, no. 4, p. 288-297, https://doi.org/10.1111/jofo.12119.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"288","endPage":"297","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066728","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318037,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4482ae4b0946c652116d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nadeau, Christopher P.","contributorId":105956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nadeau","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rathbun, Nathan","contributorId":166899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rathbun","given":"Nathan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70168370,"text":"70168370 - 2015 - Influence of habitat and intrinsic characteristics on survival of neonatal pronghorn","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-15T12:37:52","indexId":"70168370","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-10T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of habitat and intrinsic characteristics on survival of neonatal pronghorn","docAbstract":"<p><span>Increased understanding of the influence of habitat (e.g., composition, patch size) and intrinsic (e.g., age, birth mass) factors on survival of neonatal pronghorn (</span><i>Antilocapra americana</i><span>) is a prerequisite to successful management programs, particularly as they relate to population dynamics and the role of population models in adaptive species management. Nevertheless, few studies have presented empirical data quantifying the influence of habitat variables on survival of neonatal pronghorn. During 2002&ndash;2005, we captured and radiocollared 116 neonates across two sites in western South Dakota. We documented 31 deaths during our study, of which coyote (</span><i>Canis latrans</i><span>) predation (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 15) was the leading cause of mortality. We used known fate analysis in Program MARK to investigate the influence of intrinsic and habitat variables on neonatal survival. We generated a priori models that we grouped into habitat and intrinsic effects. The highest-ranking model indicated that neonate mortality was best explained by site, percent grassland, and open water habitat; 90-day survival (0.80; 90% CI = 0.71&ndash;0.88) declined 23% when grassland and water increased from 80.1 to 92.3% and 0.36 to 0.40%, respectively, across 50% natal home ranges. Further, our results indicated that grassland patch size and shrub density were important predictors of neonate survival; neonate survival declined 17% when shrub density declined from 5.0 to 2.5 patches per 100 ha. Excluding the site covariates, intrinsic factors (i.e., sex, age, birth mass, year, parturition date) were not important predictors of survival of neonatal pronghorns. Further, neonatal survival may depend on available land cover and interspersion of habitats. We have demonstrated that maintaining minimum and maximum thresholds for habitat factors (e.g., percentages of grassland and open water patches, density of shrub patches) throughout natal home ranges will in turn, ensure relatively high (&gt;0.50) neonatal survival rates, especially as they relate to coyote predation. Thus, landscape level variables (particularly percentages of open water, grassland habitats, and shrub density) should be incorporated into the development or implementation of pronghorn management plans across sagebrush steppe communities of the western Dakotas, and potentially elsewhere within the geographic range of pronghorn.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0144026","usgsCitation":"Jacques, C.N., Jenks, J., Grovenburg, T.W., and Klaver, R.W., 2015, Influence of habitat and intrinsic characteristics on survival of neonatal pronghorn: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 12, e0144026; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144026.","productDescription":"e0144026; 17 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067993","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144026","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":317924,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","county":"Fall River County, Harding County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.029541015625,\n              45.205263456162385\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.029541015625,\n              45.94351068030587\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.89794921875,\n              45.94351068030587\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.89794921875,\n              45.205263456162385\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.029541015625,\n              45.205263456162385\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.04052734375,\n              43.00866413845207\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.04052734375,\n              43.49676775343911\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.9473876953125,\n              43.49676775343911\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.9473876953125,\n              43.00866413845207\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.04052734375,\n              43.00866413845207\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bc5f34e4b08d617f66001d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacques, Christopher N.","contributorId":15521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacques","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenks, Jonathan A.","contributorId":51591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grovenburg, Troy W.","contributorId":57712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grovenburg","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70168329,"text":"70168329 - 2015 - How big of an effect do small dams have? Using geomorphological footprints to quantify spatial impact of low-head dams and identify patterns of across-dam variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-10T11:38:09","indexId":"70168329","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-10T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How big of an effect do small dams have? Using geomorphological footprints to quantify spatial impact of low-head dams and identify patterns of across-dam variation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Longitudinal connectivity is a fundamental characteristic of rivers that can be disrupted by natural and anthropogenic processes. Dams are significant disruptions to streams. Over 2,000,000 low-head dams (&lt;7.6 m high) fragment United States rivers. Despite potential adverse impacts of these ubiquitous disturbances, the spatial impacts of low-head dams on geomorphology and ecology are largely untested. Progress for research and conservation is impaired by not knowing the magnitude of low-head dam impacts. Based on the geomorphic literature, we refined a methodology that allowed us to quantify the spatial extent of low-head dam impacts (herein dam footprint), assessed variation in dam footprints across low-head dams within a river network, and identified select aspects of the context of this variation. Wetted width, depth, and substrate size distributions upstream and downstream of six low-head dams within the Upper Neosho River, Kansas, United States of America were measured. Total dam footprints averaged 7.9 km (3.0&ndash;15.3 km) or 287 wetted widths (136&ndash;437 wetted widths). Estimates included both upstream (mean: 6.7 km or 243 wetted widths) and downstream footprints (mean: 1.2 km or 44 wetted widths). Altogether the six low-head dams impacted 47.3 km (about 17%) of the mainstem in the river network. Despite differences in age, size, location, and primary function, the sizes of geomorphic footprints of individual low-head dams in the Upper Neosho river network were relatively similar. The number of upstream dams and distance to upstream dams, but not dam height, affected the spatial extent of dam footprints. In summary, ubiquitous low-head dams individually and cumulatively altered lotic ecosystems. Both characteristics of individual dams and the context of neighboring dams affected low-head dam impacts within the river network. For these reasons, low-head dams require a different, more integrative, approach for research and management than the individualistic approach that has been applied to larger dams.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0141210","usgsCitation":"Fencl, J.S., Mather, M.E., Costigan, K., and Daniels, M.D., 2015, How big of an effect do small dams have? Using geomorphological footprints to quantify spatial impact of low-head dams and identify patterns of across-dam variation: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 11, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141210.","productDescription":"e0141210; 22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063471","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141210","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":317908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bc5f34e4b08d617f660016","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fencl, Jane S.","contributorId":166699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fencl","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mather, Martha E. 0000-0003-3027-0215 mather@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3027-0215","contributorId":2580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mather","given":"Martha","email":"mather@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Costigan, Katie H.","contributorId":166700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Costigan","given":"Katie H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daniels, Melinda D.","contributorId":166701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daniels","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70168335,"text":"70168335 - 2015 - Assessing gull abundance and food availability in urban parking lots","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-31T14:51:50.767034","indexId":"70168335","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1914,"text":"Human-Wildlife Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing gull abundance and food availability in urban parking lots","docAbstract":"<p><span>Feeding birds is a common activity throughout the world; yet, little is known about the extent of feeding gulls in urban areas. We monitored 8 parking lots in central Massachusetts, USA, during the fall and winter of 2011 to 2013 in 4 monitoring sessions to document the number of gulls present, the frequency of human–gull feeding interactions, and the effectiveness of signage and direct interaction in reducing human-provisioned food. Parking lots were divided between “education” and “no-education” lots. In education lots, we erected signs about problems caused when people feed birds and also asked people to stop feeding birds. We did not erect signs or ask people to stop feeding birds at no-education lots. We spent &gt;1,200 hours in parking lots (range = 136 to 200 hours per parking lot), and gulls were counted every 20 minutes. We conducted &gt;4,000 counts, and ring-billed gulls (</span><i>Lorus delawarensis</i><span>) accounted for 98% of all gulls. Our educational efforts were minimally effective. There were fewer feedings (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.01) in education lots during one of the monitoring sessions but significantly more gulls (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.008) in education lots during 2 monitoring sessions. While there was a marginal decrease (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.055) in the number of feedings after no-education lots were transformed into education lots, there was no difference in gull numbers in these lots (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.16). Education appears to have some influence in reducing the number of people feeding gulls, but our efforts were not able to reduce the number of human feeders or the amount of food enough to influence the number of gulls using parking lots.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Berryman Institute","doi":"10.26077/m3ts-7d08","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.E., Whitney, J.J., MacKenzie, K.G., Koenen, K.K., and DeStefano, S., 2015, Assessing gull abundance and food availability in urban parking lots: Human-Wildlife Interactions, v. 9, no. 2, p. 180-190, https://doi.org/10.26077/m3ts-7d08.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"180","endPage":"190","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054418","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":317901,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.91444396972656,\n              42.2442770445118\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.55258178710938,\n              42.2442770445118\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.55258178710938,\n              42.489820989777066\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.91444396972656,\n              42.489820989777066\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.91444396972656,\n              42.2442770445118\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bc6d3be4b08d617f666241","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Daniel E.","contributorId":166686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitney, Jillian J.","contributorId":166687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitney","given":"Jillian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacKenzie, Kenneth G.","contributorId":166688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koenen, Kiana K. G.","contributorId":34313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenen","given":"Kiana","email":"","middleInitial":"K. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeStefano, Stephen 0000-0003-2472-8373 destef@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-8373","contributorId":2874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"Stephen","email":"destef@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":619707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70162262,"text":"70162262 - 2015 - The shifting climate portfolio of the Greater Yellowstone Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-20T13:40:54","indexId":"70162262","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-20T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The shifting climate portfolio of the Greater Yellowstone Area","docAbstract":"<p><span>Knowledge of climatic variability at small spatial extents (&lt; 50 km) is needed to assess vulnerabilities of biological reserves to climate change. We used empirical and modeled weather station data to test if climate change has increased the synchrony of surface air temperatures among 50 sites within the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) of the interior western United States. This important biological reserve is the largest protected area in the Lower 48 states and provides critical habitat for some of the world&rsquo;s most iconic wildlife. We focused our analyses on temporal shifts and shape changes in the annual distributions of seasonal minimum and maximum air temperatures among valley-bottom and higher elevation sites from 1948&ndash;2012. We documented consistent patterns of warming since 1948 at all 50 sites, with the most pronounced changes occurring during the Winter and Summer when minimum and maximum temperature distributions increased. These shifts indicate more hot temperatures and less cold temperatures would be expected across the GYA. Though the shifting statistical distributions indicate warming, little change in the shape of the temperature distributions across sites since 1948 suggest the GYA has maintained a diverse portfolio of temperatures within a year. Spatial heterogeneity in temperatures is likely maintained by the GYA&rsquo;s physiographic complexity and its large size, which encompasses multiple climate zones that respond differently to synoptic drivers. Having a diverse portfolio of temperatures may help biological reserves spread the extinction risk posed by climate change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0145060","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, A.J., Tercek, M.T., Al-Chokhachy, R.K., Ray, A., Thoma, D.P., Hossack, B.R., Pederson, G.T., Rodman, A., and Olliff, T., 2015, The shifting climate portfolio of the Greater Yellowstone Area: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 12, e0145060; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145060.","productDescription":"e0145060; 16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065298","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145060","text":"Publisher Index 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