The Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers are the largest sources of groundwater on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation and are used extensively for irrigation and public and domestic water supplies. To assess the potential for decreased water levels and discharge to streams in the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, conceptual and numerical models of groundwater flow in the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers in southwestern South Dakota were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Oglala Sioux Tribe. The study area includes most of the Pine Ridge Reservation in Jackson and Shannon Counties and Indian trust lands in Bennett County in southwestern South Dakota.
\nThe High Plains aquifer, which includes the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers, generally is less developed in South Dakota compared with other areas underlain by this aquifer; therefore, water levels in the High Plains aquifer in South Dakota generally fluctuated by less than 5 feet (ft) from 1980 to 1999. Despite minimal water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer in South Dakota, extensive withdrawals of groundwater for irrigation have caused water-level declines in many areas and increased concerns about the long-term sustainability of the aquifer; therefore, continued or increased withdrawals from the aquifer or prolonged drought may have the potential to affect water levels within the aquifer and discharge to important streams in the area.
\nThe Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers generally consist of poorly consolidated claystones, siltstones, sandstones, and shale deposited in fluvial and lacustrine environments. Saturated thicknesses ranged from 10 to 314 ft for the Ogllala aquifer and from 10 to 862 ft for the Arikaree aquifer. Previous hydraulic conductivity estimates ranged from less than 1 to 180 feet per day (ft/d) for the Ogallala aquifer and from less than 1 to 13 ft/d for the Arikaree aquifer.
\nRecharge to the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers is from precipitation on the outcrop areas, and discharge occurs through evapotranspiration, discharge to streams, and well withdrawals. Evapotranspiration generally occurs in topographically low areas along streams, and maximum evapotranspiration occurs when the water level is at the land surface.
\nThe generalized groundwater-flow direction is to the northeast with local flow towards streams. Precipitation for water years 1980–2009 ranged from about 11 to 39 inches per year (in/yr) and averaged about 19 in/yr. Estimated mean recharge for water years 1980–2009 was about 17.3 percent of precipitation for the Ogallala aquifer and 7.9 percent of precipitation for the Arikaree aquifer. The estimated mean maximum evapotranspiration for water years 1980–2009 was about 35 in/yr. Estimated mean base flow for gaged streams was about 0.06 cubic foot per second (ft3/s) per square mile of drainage area. Estimated mean total water use for water years 1980–2009 was 5.4 ft3/s from the Ogallala aquifer and 7.1 ft3/s from the Arikaree aquifer.
\nA two-layer numerical groundwater-flow model was constructed using MODFLOW–NWT with a uniformly spaced grid consisting of 166 rows and 288 columns with cells 1,640 ft on a side. The numerical model of the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers was used to simulate steady-state and transient conditions for water years 1980–2009. Model calibration was accomplished using the Parameter ESTimation (PEST) program that adjusted individual model input parameters and assessed the difference between estimated and model-simulated values of hydraulic head and base flow. Aquifer boundaries were no-flow on the northern and western sides and constant-head on the southern and eastern sides. The mean arithmetic difference was 1.4 ft between the 731 simulated and observed hydraulic heads in the Ogallala aquifer and 9.8 ft between the 2,754 simulated and observed hydraulic heads in the Arikaree aquifer. Simulated mean discharge from the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers to selected stream reaches was 92.1 ft3/s compared to estimated discharge of 88.7 ft3/s.
\nCalibrated recharge for the transient simulation averaged 3.3 in/yr for the Ogallala aquifer and 1.1 in/yr for the Arikaree aquifer. The mean maximum potential evapotranspiration rate was 35.4 in/yr. Streambed conductance for perennial stream reaches averaged 530 feet squared per day. Horizontal hydraulic conductivity averaged 27 ft/d for the Ogallala aquifer and 1.0 ft/d for the Arikaree aquifer. The vertical hydraulic conductivity averaged 1.4 ft/d for the Ogallala aquifer and 0.004 ft/d for the Arikaree aquifer. Specific yield for the Ogallala aquifer was 0.15 (dimensionless) and averaged 0.02 for the Arikaree aquifer. Specific storage for the Arikaree aquifer was 1.7x10-6 per foot. Simulated steady-state model inflow and outflow was 459 ft3/s. The percentages of inflows were 17 percent from constant-head boundaries, 9 percent from streams, and 74 percent from recharge. Percentages of outflow were 8 percent to constant-head boundaries, 1 percent to wells, 31 percent to streams, and 59 percent to evapotranspiration. Simulated net inflow from the Ogallala aquifer to the Arikaree aquifer ranged from about 22 ft3/s in dry years to about 37 ft3/s in wet years.
\nTwo hypothetical future stress scenarios were simulated using input from the 30-year calibrated simulation of water years 1980–2009. The first hypothetical scenario represented an increase in groundwater withdrawals from 50 hypothetical production wells completed in the Arikaree aquifer. At the end of the 30-year hypothetical increased pumping simulation, water levels declined as much as 66 ft in the Arikaree aquifer, decreased discharge to streams accounted for about 26 percent (2.6 ft3/s) of increased withdrawals, and decreased evapotranspiration accounted for about 53 (5.3 ft3/s) percent of increased withdrawals.
\nThe second hypothetical scenario represented a 30-year period of decreased recharge (drought) by decreasing recharge 0.2 inch (24 ft3/s) for each water year. At the end of the hypothetical drought simulation, water levels declined as much as 10.9 ft in the Arikaree aquifer, decreased discharge to streams accounted for about 23 percent (5.5 ft3/s) of decreased recharge, and decreased evapotranspiration accounted for about 72 percent (17.3 ft3/s) of decreased recharge.
\nThe numerical model is a tool that could be used to better understand the flow system of the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers, to approximate hydraulic heads in the aquifer, and to estimate discharge to rivers, springs, and seeps in the Pine Ridge Reservation area in Bennett, Jackson, and Shannon Counties. The model also is useful to help assess the response of the aquifer to additional stress, including potential increased well withdrawals and potential drought conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145241","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oglala Sioux Tribe","usgsCitation":"Davis, K.W., Putnam, L.D., and LaBelle, A.R., 2015, Conceptual and numerical models of groundwater flow in the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers, Pine Ridge Indian Reservation area, South Dakota, water years 1980-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5241, x, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145241.","productDescription":"x, 68 p.","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1979-10-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-045449","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145241.jpg"},{"id":298103,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5241/pdf/sir2014-5241.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298101,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5241/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 14","country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Arikaree Aquifer, Ogallala Aquifer, Pine Ridge Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.98858642578125,\n 42.99862111927107\n ],\n [\n -102.98858642578125,\n 43.7294293330051\n ],\n [\n -101.19781494140625,\n 43.7294293330051\n ],\n [\n -101.19781494140625,\n 42.99862111927107\n ],\n [\n -102.98858642578125,\n 42.99862111927107\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54ec4f2de4b02d776a67da93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Kyle W. 0000-0002-8723-0110 kyledavis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8723-0110","contributorId":3987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Kyle","email":"kyledavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Putnam, Larry D. ldputnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"Larry","email":"ldputnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":541124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaBelle, Anneka R.","contributorId":139410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaBelle","given":"Anneka","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12443,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70141427,"text":"70141427 - 2015 - Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: coastal geomorphic change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-17T14:46:52","indexId":"70141427","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-18T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: coastal geomorphic change","docAbstract":"Two dams on the Elwha River, Washington State, USA trapped over 20 million m3 of mud, sand, and gravel since 1927, reducing downstream sediment fluxes and contributing to erosion of the river's coastal delta. The removal of the Elwha and Glines Canyon dams, initiated in September 2011, induced massive increases in river sediment supply and provided an unprecedented opportunity to examine the geomorphic response of a coastal delta to these increases. Detailed measurements of beach topography and nearshore bathymetry show that ~ 2.5 million m3 of sediment was deposited during the first two years of dam removal, which is ~ 100 times greater than deposition rates measured prior to dam removal. The majority of the deposit was located in the intertidal and shallow subtidal region immediately offshore of the river mouth and was composed of sand and gravel. Additional areas of deposition include a secondary sandy deposit to the east of the river mouth and a muddy deposit west of the mouth. A comparison with fluvial sediment fluxes suggests that ~ 70% of the sand and gravel and ~ 6% of the mud supplied by the river was found in the survey area (within about 2 km of the mouth). A hydrodynamic and sediment transport model, validated with in-situ measurements, shows that tidal currents interacting with the larger relict submarine delta help disperse fine sediment large distances east and west of the river mouth. The model also suggests that waves and currents erode the primary deposit located near the river mouth and transport sandy sediment eastward to form the secondary deposit. Though most of the substrate of the larger relict submarine delta was unchanged during the first two years of dam removal, portions of the seafloor close to the river mouth became finer, modifying habitats for biological communities. These results show that river restoration, like natural changes in river sediment supply, can result in rapid and substantial coastal geomorphological responses.
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Centered over 300 km from the eastern coastline of India (Fig. 1), it caused modest damage by virtue of its location and magnitude. However, shaking was very widely felt in parts of eastern India where earthquakes are uncommon. Media outlets reported as many as four fatalities. Although most deaths were blamed on heart attacks, the death of one woman was attributed by different sources to either a roof collapse or a stampede (see Table S1, available in the electronic supplement to this article). Across the state of Odisha, as many as 250 people were injured (see Table S1), most after jumping from balconies or terraces. Light damage was reported from a number of towns on coastal deltaic sediments, including collapsed walls and damage to pukka and thatched dwellings. Shaking was felt well inland into east‐central India and was perceptible in multistoried buildings as far as Chennai, Delhi, and Jaipur at distances of ≈1600 km (Table 1).
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220140155","usgsCitation":"Martin, S., and Hough, S.E., 2015, The 21 May 2014 Mw 5.9 Bay of Bengal earthquake: macroseismic data suggest a high‐stress‐drop event: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 2A, p. 369-377, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220140155.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"377","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058318","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1785/0220140155","text":"External Repository"},{"id":299197,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Bay of Bengal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 79.8486328125,\n 10.401377554543553\n ],\n [\n 79.8486328125,\n 11.652236404115413\n ],\n [\n 80.4638671875,\n 13.410994034321702\n ],\n [\n 80.1123046875,\n 15.496032414238634\n ],\n [\n 82.2216796875,\n 16.341225619207496\n ],\n [\n 82.529296875,\n 17.014767530557833\n ],\n [\n 85.341796875,\n 19.394067895396628\n ],\n [\n 86.748046875,\n 20.262197124246534\n ],\n [\n 87.1875,\n 20.797201434307\n ],\n [\n 87.451171875,\n 21.4121622297254\n ],\n [\n 89.56054687499999,\n 21.616579336740603\n ],\n [\n 91.0546875,\n 21.90227796666864\n ],\n [\n 91.49414062499999,\n 22.024545601240337\n ],\n [\n 93.42773437499999,\n 19.228176737766262\n ],\n [\n 93.2958984375,\n 18.47960905583197\n ],\n [\n 93.8671875,\n 18.271086109608877\n ],\n [\n 94.39453125,\n 17.43451055152291\n ],\n [\n 94.1748046875,\n 16.003575733881327\n ],\n [\n 92.8564453125,\n 13.025965926333539\n ],\n [\n 92.28515625,\n 10.14193168613103\n ],\n [\n 93.4716796875,\n 7.013667927566642\n ],\n [\n 92.2412109375,\n 5.79089681287197\n ],\n [\n 88.0224609375,\n 4.959615024698026\n ],\n [\n 83.1005859375,\n 5.266007882805511\n ],\n [\n 82.0458984375,\n 7.318881730366756\n ],\n [\n 79.8486328125,\n 10.401377554543553\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"2A","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551bc52ee4b0323842783a59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Stacey","contributorId":35165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Stacey","affiliations":[{"id":5110,"text":"Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986 hough@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"hough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70137844,"text":"70137844 - 2015 - Yellowstone plume trigger for Basin and Range extension, and coeval emplacement of the Nevada–Columbia Basin magmatic belt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-31T14:58:18.760265","indexId":"70137844","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-17T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Yellowstone plume trigger for Basin and Range extension, and coeval emplacement of the Nevada–Columbia Basin magmatic belt","docAbstract":"Widespread extension began across the northern and central Basin and Range Province at 17–16 Ma, contemporaneous with magmatism along the Nevada–Columbia Basin magmatic belt, a linear zone of dikes and volcanic centers that extends for >1000 km, from southern Nevada to the Columbia Basin of eastern Washington. This belt was generated above an elongated sublithospheric melt zone associated with arrival of the Yellowstone mantle plume, with a north-south tabular shape attributed to plume ascent through a propagating fracture in the Juan de Fuca slab. Dike orientation along the magmatic belt suggests an extension direction of 245°–250°, but this trend lies oblique to the regional extension direction of 280°–300° during coeval and younger Basin and Range faulting, an ∼45° difference. Field relationships suggest that this magmatic trend was not controlled by regional stress in the upper crust, but rather by magma overpressure from below and forceful dike injection with an orientation inherited from a deeper process in the sublithospheric mantle. The southern half of the elongated zone of mantle upwelling was emplaced beneath a cratonic lithosphere with an elevated surface derived from Late Cretaceous to mid-Tertiary crustal thickening. This high Nevadaplano was primed for collapse with high gravitational potential energy under the influence of regional stress, partly derived from boundary forces due to Pacific–North American plate interaction. Plume arrival at 17–16 Ma resulted in advective thermal weakening of the lithosphere, mantle traction, delamination, and added buoyancy to the northern and central Basin and Range. It was not the sole cause of Basin and Range extension, but rather the catalyst for extension of the Nevadaplano, which was already on the verge of regional collapse.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder","doi":"10.1130/GES01051.1","usgsCitation":"Camp, V., Pierce, K.L., and Morgan Morzel, L., 2015, Yellowstone plume trigger for Basin and Range extension, and coeval emplacement of the Nevada–Columbia Basin magmatic belt: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 2, p. 203-225, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01051.1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062304","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01051.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.43115234375,\n 36.96744946416931\n ],\n [\n -124.43115234375,\n 46.830133640447386\n ],\n [\n -113.51074218749999,\n 46.830133640447386\n ],\n [\n -113.51074218749999,\n 36.96744946416931\n ],\n [\n -124.43115234375,\n 36.96744946416931\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5628b74fe4b0d158f5926c68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Camp, Victor E","contributorId":138632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Camp","given":"Victor E","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, Kenneth L. kpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Kenneth","email":"kpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan Morzel, Lisa Ann lmorgan@usgs.gov","contributorId":761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan Morzel","given":"Lisa Ann","email":"lmorgan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70139718,"text":"ds905 - 2015 - Estuarine bed-sediment-quality data collected in New Jersey and New York after Hurricane Sandy, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-16T10:00:19","indexId":"ds905","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-16T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"905","title":"Estuarine bed-sediment-quality data collected in New Jersey and New York after Hurricane Sandy, 2013","docAbstract":"This report describes a reconnaissance study of estuarine bed-sediment quality conducted June–October 2013 in New Jersey and New York after Hurricane Sandy in October 2012 to assess the extent of contamination and the potential long-term human and ecological impacts of the storm. The study, funded through the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (PL 113-2), was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. In addition to presenting the bed-sediment-quality data, the report describes the study design, documents the methods of sample collection and analysis, and discusses the steps taken to assure the quality of the data.
\nBed-sediment samples were collected from June to October 2013 from 167 estuarine sites extending from Cape May, New Jersey, to the New York Harbor and the eastern end of Long Island. Each sampling location and study region was characterized by using geographic information to identify potential contaminant sources. Characterizations included land cover, locations and types of businesses (industrial, financial, and others), spills (sewage, chemical, and others), bulk storage facilities, effluent discharges within 2 kilometers of the sampling point, and discharges within inundated and non-inundated regions near the sampling location. Samples were analyzed for particle size, total organic carbon, metals and trace elements, semivolatile organic compounds, wastewater compounds, hormones, and sediment toxicity. Samples were also screened using x-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. In addition, bioassays for endocrine disruptors and protein phosphatase 2A inhibition were conducted. The study was designed to provide the data needed to understand the extent and sources of contamination resulting from Hurricane Sandy, to compare the chemistry and toxicity of estuarine bed sediments before and after the storm, and to evaluate the usefulness of rapid screening and bioassay approaches in disaster settings.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds905","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York City Department of Environmental Protection, Suffolk County Department of Health Services, and Town of Hempstead","usgsCitation":"Fischer, J., Phillips, P., Reilly, T.J., Focazio, M.J., Loftin, K.A., Benzel, W., Jones, D.K., Smalling, K., Fisher, S.C., Fisher, I., Iwanowicz, L., Romanok, K., Jenkins, D.E., Bowers, L., Boehlke, A., Foreman, W., Deetz, A., Carper, L.G., Imbrigiotta, T., and Birdwell, J.E., 2015, Estuarine bed-sediment-quality data collected in New Jersey and New York after Hurricane Sandy, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 905, Report: xiv, 42 p.; 38 Tables; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds905.","productDescription":"Report: xiv, 42 p.; 38 Tables; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058012","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297994,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds905.jpg"},{"id":297990,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0905/"},{"id":297991,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0905/support/pdf/ds905.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297992,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0905/support/xlsx/ds905-tables.xlsx","text":"Tables 1-38","size":"4.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Tables 1-38","linkHelpText":"This file contains worksheets for all the tables referenced in the report, in Microsoft® Excel format."},{"id":297993,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0905/support/pdf/tables","text":"Downloads Directory","description":"Downloads Directory","linkHelpText":"Directory of PDF tables available for the report."}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.981689453125,\n 38.89958342598271\n ],\n [\n -74.981689453125,\n 41.29431726315258\n ],\n [\n -71.82861328125,\n 41.29431726315258\n ],\n [\n -71.82861328125,\n 38.89958342598271\n ],\n [\n -74.981689453125,\n 38.89958342598271\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e314a7e4b08de9379b4f85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2996-9272 fischer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-9272","contributorId":573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Jeffrey M.","email":"fischer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Patrick J. pjphilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pjphilli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reilly, Timothy J. 0000-0002-2939-3050 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scfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6324-1061","contributorId":4843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Shawn","email":"scfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Fisher, Irene J. ifisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":5844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Irene J.","email":"ifisher@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R. liwanowicz@usgs.gov","contributorId":386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R.","email":"liwanowicz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science 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Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Boehlke, Adam 0000-0003-4980-431X aboehlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4980-431X","contributorId":3470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boehlke","given":"Adam","email":"aboehlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Foreman, William T. wforeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William T.","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Deetz, Anna C.","contributorId":32764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deetz","given":"Anna C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Carper, Lisa G.","contributorId":139275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carper","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 0000-0003-1716-4768 timbrig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":138988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas E.","email":"timbrig@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":70164523,"text":"70164523 - 2015 - Re–Os age for the Lower–Middle Pennsylvanian Boundary and comparison with associated palynoflora","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-09T13:36:42","indexId":"70164523","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Re–Os age for the Lower–Middle Pennsylvanian Boundary and comparison with associated palynoflora","docAbstract":"The Betsie Shale Member is a relatively thick and continuous unit that serves as a marker bed across the central Appalachian basin, in part because it includes an organic-rich shale unit at its base that is observable in drill logs. Deposited during a marine transgression, the Betsie Shale Member has been correlated to units in both Wales and Germany and has been proposed to mark the boundary between the Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian Series within North America. This investigation assigns a new Re–Os date to the base of the Betsie and examines the palynoflora and maceral composition of the underlying Matewan coal bed in the context of that date. The Matewan coal bed contains abundant lycopsid tree spores along its base with assemblage diversity and inertinite content increasing upsection, as sulfur content and ash yield decrease. Taken together, these palynologic and organic petrographic results suggest a submerged paleomire that transitioned to an exposed peat surface. Notably, separating the lower and upper benches of the Matewan is a parting with very high sulfur content (28 wt.%), perhaps representing an early marine pulse prior to the full on transgression responsible for depositing the Betsie. Results from Re–Os geochronology date the base of the Betsie at 323 ± 7.8 Ma, consistent with previously determined age constraints as well as the palynoflora assemblage presented herein. The Betsie Shale Member is also highly enriched in Re (ranging from 319.7 to 1213 ng/g), with high 187Re/188Os values ranging from 3644 to 5737 likely resultant from varying redox conditions between the pore water and overlying water column during deposition and early condensing of the section.
\n\n
Groundwater-level altitudes in 10 confined aquifers of the New Jersey Coastal Plain were measured and evaluated to provide an overview of regional groundwater conditions during fall 2008. Water levels were measured in more than 900 wells in New Jersey, eastern Pennsylvania, and northern Delaware and potentiometric surface maps prepared for the confined Cohansey aquifer of Cape May County, the Rio Grande water-bearing zone, the Atlantic City 800-foot sand, the Piney Point, Vincentown, and the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifers, the Englishtown aquifer system, and the Upper, Middle, and Lower aquifers of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system. In 2008, the highest water-level altitudes were observed in the Vincentown aquifer (median, 78 ft) and the lowest in the Atlantic City 800-foot sand (median, -45 ft). Persistent, regionally extensive cones of depression were present within the potentiometric surfaces of the Englishtown aquifer system in east-central New Jersey, the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer in east-central and southern New Jersey, the Upper, Middle, and Lower Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifers in southern New Jersey, and the Atlantic City 800-foot sand in the southeastern part of the State. Cones of depression in the potentiometric surfaces of the Upper Potomac-Raritan-Magothy and the Piney Point aquifers in east-central and southwestern New Jersey had broadened and deepened since 2003.
\nDeclining water levels in many of New Jersey’s confined Coastal Plain aquifers intensified during the late 1970s and early 1980s, prompting the designation of two water-supply Critical Areas by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; Critical Areas 1 and 2 continued to be of concern. To address that concern, water-level changes were assessed in nearly 800 wells measured during the fall of 2003 and 2008, and potentiometric-surface difference maps for each aquifer were constructed and evaluated. In addition, water-level trends were calculated for 77 wells for the periods 2003–8 and 1998–2008 and for 73 wells for the period 1978–2008.
\nFrom 2003 to 2008 small to moderate water-level changes were observed in many Coastal Plain aquifers in New Jersey, but in places, groundwater levels continued to decline substantially as a result of pumping. Groundwater levels in the Atlantic City 800-foot sand were lower in 2008 than in 2003; declines were greatest near pumping centers in eastern Atlantic County. Changes were less pronounced in Cape May County where water levels were, on average, 1 to 3 feet (ft) lower than those during the previous study (2003), except near Rio Grande where a localized cone of depression had formed as a result of increased withdrawals. Large and widespread declines occurred in the Piney Point aquifer in Cumberland County where water levels in and around the city of Bridgeton had fallen in excess of 100 ft since 2003, and by 30 ft to more than 60 ft in surrounding areas. Groundwater levels in the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer and Englishtown aquifer system continued to recover in east-central New Jersey; however, groundwater levels in the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer throughout the southern part of the State continued to decline.
\nIn the Upper Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer, groundwater levels were substantially lower than in 2003 in parts of northern Ocean County but were stable in the area adjacent to Raritan Bay (Critical Area 1), and water levels continued to recover in southern New Jersey. In the Middle Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer, water levels rose near Raritan Bay in Middlesex County; however, modest declines were recorded in interior areas of Monmouth and Ocean Counties. Groundwater levels in both the Middle and Lower Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifers were stable or rising within the regional cone of depression in Critical Area 2; beyond the critical area in southern New Jersey, however, water levels were slightly lower than in 2003.
\nAnalyses of long-term water-level changes indicate that from 1978 to 2008 downward trends occurred at 20 wells (27 percent), upward trends at 27 wells (37 percent), and trends at 26 wells (36 percent) were insubstantial. Sustained, long-term declines were observed most often at wells within the Atlantic City 800-foot sand and at wells in the Piney Point aquifer in southern New Jersey, in which rates of decline were as great as 1.4 feet/year. Upward water-level trends were observed frequently at wells screened in the Englishtown aquifer system and the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer in Critical Area 1 in east-central New Jersey, and in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in parts of Critical Area 1 and throughout most of Critical Area 2 in southern New Jersey. Annual rates of upward change were as great as 3.9 and 5.6 ft/yr in the Englishtown aquifer system and Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer, respectively. Among the units of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, annual rates of recovery were greatest in the Lower aquifer.
\nFrom 1998 to 2008, downward water-level trends were observed at 22 wells (29 percent), upward trends were observed at 21 wells (27 percent), and insubstantial trends at 34 wells (44 percent). Downward trends were detected most often at wells open to the Piney Point aquifer and the Atlantic City 800-foot sand. Upward water-level trends were most frequent in wells open to the Englishtown aquifer system in Critical Area 1 and in wells within the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in southern New Jersey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135232","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"DePaul, V.T., and Rosman, R., 2015, Water-level conditions in the confined aquifers of the New Jersey Coastal Plain, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5232, Report: vii, 107 p.; 9 Plates: 34 inches x 44 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135232.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 107 p.; 9 Plates: 34 inches x 44 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"118","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049629","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science 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The aquifer systems with the three largest volumes of storage depletion include the High Plains aquifer, the Mississippi Embayment section of the Gulf Coastal Plain aquifer system, and the Central Valley of California. Depletion rates accelerated during 1945–1960, averaging 13.6 km3/year during the last half of the century, and after 2000 increased again to about 24 km3/year. Depletion intensity is a new parameter, introduced here, to provide a more consistent basis for comparing storage depletion problems among various aquifers by factoring in time and areal extent of the aquifer. During 2001–2008, the Central Valley of California had the largest depletion intensity. Groundwater depletion in the United States can explain 1.4% of observed sea-level rise during the 108-year study period and 2.1% during 2001–2008. Groundwater depletion must be confronted on local and regional scales to help reduce demand (primarily in irrigated agriculture) and/or increase supply.
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Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1248","title":"Magnetotelluric data collected to characterize aquifers in the San Luis Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a series of multidisciplinary studies of the San Luis Basin as part of the Geologic Framework of Rio Grande Basins project. Detailed geologic mapping, high-resolution airborne magnetic surveys, gravity surveys, magnetotelluric surveys, and hydrologic and lithologic data are being used to better understand the aquifers in the San Luis Basin. This report describes one north-south and two east-west regional magnetotelluric sounding profiles, acquired in June of 2010 and July and August of 2011, across the San Luis Basin in northern New Mexico. No interpretation of the data is included.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141248","usgsCitation":"Ailes, C.E., and Rodriguez, B.D., 2015, Magnetotelluric data collected to characterize aquifers in the San Luis Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1248, Report: iv, 9 p.; Table 2; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141248.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 9 p.; Table 2; Appendix","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-038565","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141248.jpg"},{"id":297905,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1248/"},{"id":297909,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1248/pdf/ofr2014-1248.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297910,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1248/downloads/ofr2014-1248_Table2.xls","text":"Table 2","size":"1.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 2"},{"id":297911,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1248/downloads/ofr2014-1248_Appendix.pdf","size":"79.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Luis Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.28036499023438,\n 36.147855714690515\n ],\n [\n -106.28036499023438,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -105.10345458984375,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -105.10345458984375,\n 36.147855714690515\n ],\n [\n -106.28036499023438,\n 36.147855714690515\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a94e4b08de9379b310e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ailes, Chad E. cailes@usgs.gov","contributorId":3995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ailes","given":"Chad","email":"cailes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70058741,"text":"sim3280 - 2015 - Bedrock geologic map of the Spring Valley, West Plains, and parts of the Piedmont and Poplar Bluff 30'x60' quadrangles, Missouri, including the upper Current River and Eleven Point River drainage basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-14T10:22:20","indexId":"sim3280","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-05T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3280","title":"Bedrock geologic map of the Spring Valley, West Plains, and parts of the Piedmont and Poplar Bluff 30'x60' quadrangles, Missouri, including the upper Current River and Eleven Point River drainage basins","docAbstract":"This map covers the drainage basins of the upper Current River and the Eleven Point River in the Ozark Plateaus physiographic province of southeastern Missouri. The two surface drainage basins are contiguous in their headwaters regions, but are separated in their lower reaches by the lower Black River basin in the southeast corner of the map area. Numerous dye-trace studies demonstrate that in the contiguous headwaters areas, groundwater flows from the Eleven Point River basin into the Current River basin. Much of the groundwater discharge of the Eleven Point River basin emanates from Big Spring, located on the Current River. This geologic map and cross sections were produced to help fulfill a need to understand the geologic framework of the region in which this subsurface flow occurs.
\nThe map includes all of the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, a national park created by an Act of Congress in 1964 to protect 134 miles of the Current and Jacks Fork Rivers in south-central Missouri. Located within the park are numerous large springs, including Big Spring, the largest spring in Missouri and one of the ten largest springs in the world. Also within the map area is Greer Spring, which is the main source of the Eleven Point River. Greer Spring is the largest spring on National Forest land in the United States. During flood, flow from Greer Spring is almost as large, volumetrically, as that from Big Spring. The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act in 1968 established a 44-mile section of the Eleven Point River as the Eleven Point National Scenic River, which is entirely within the boundaries of this map.
\nPotentially economic mineral resources are present in the subsurface in the map area. Exploration drill-hole data indicate that anomalously high concentrations of base-metal sulfides locally occur within the Cambrian Bonneterre Formation. The geologic setting of these anomalous concentrations is similar to that found in the Viburnum Trend, part of the largest lead-mining district in the world. The southernmost part of the Viburnum Trend extends into the northern part of the map area and is exploited by the Sweetwater Mine. Undeveloped and potentially economic occurrences of base metals are known also beneath Blair Creek, a tributary to the Current River in the north-central part of the map area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3280","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Weary, D.J., Harrison, R., Orndorff, R.C., Weems, R.E., Schindler, J.S., Repetski, J.E., and Pierce, H.A., 2015, Bedrock geologic map of the Spring Valley, West Plains, and parts of the Piedmont and Poplar Bluff 30'x60' quadrangles, Missouri, including the upper Current River and Eleven Point River drainage basins: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3280, 2 Sheets: 40.82 x 56.98 inches and 40.07 x 43.90 inches; Pamphlet: iv, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3280.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 40.82 x 56.98 inches and 40.07 x 43.90 inches; Pamphlet: iv, 55 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033086","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297758,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3280.jpg"},{"id":297756,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3280/pdf/sim3280.pdf","text":"Text Pamphlet","size":"1.02 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Text Pamphlet"},{"id":297755,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3280/pdf/sim3280_sheet2.pdf","text":"Map Sheet 2","size":"14.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map Sheet 2"},{"id":297754,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3280/pdf/sim3280_sheet1.pdf","text":"Map Sheet 1","size":"15.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map Sheet 1"},{"id":297753,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3280/"},{"id":297757,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3280/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory","description":"Downloads Directory","linkHelpText":"Contains: geospatial database. Refer to the Readme.txt (2 KB), Metadata (ZIP, 43 KB), Shape (ZIP, 14 MB), Base Maps (ZIP, 35.2 MB), Geodatabase (ZIP, 15.7 MB), and Residual Mags (ZIP, 32 MB) files for more information."}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Current River, Eleven Point River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.1588134765625,\n 36.49638952000399\n ],\n [\n -92.1588134765625,\n 37.461778479617465\n ],\n [\n -90.1153564453125,\n 37.461778479617465\n ],\n [\n -90.1153564453125,\n 36.49638952000399\n ],\n [\n -92.1588134765625,\n 36.49638952000399\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a5ae4b08de9379b3000","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weary, David J. 0000-0002-6115-6397 dweary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6397","contributorId":545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"David","email":"dweary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrison, Richard W. rharriso@usgs.gov","contributorId":544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"Richard W.","email":"rharriso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orndorff, Randall C. 0000-0002-8956-5803 rorndorf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5803","contributorId":2739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Randall","email":"rorndorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weems, Robert E. 0000-0002-1907-7804 rweems@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-7804","contributorId":2663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"Robert","email":"rweems@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schindler, J. Stephen 0000-0001-9550-5957 sschindl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-5957","contributorId":3270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"J.","email":"sschindl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pierce, Herbert A. hpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":5995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Herbert","email":"hpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70140098,"text":"70140098 - 2015 - Beach ridges as paleoseismic indicators of abrupt coastal subsidence during subduction zone earthquakes, and implications for Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone paleoseismology, southeast coast of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-02T15:12:38.596622","indexId":"70140098","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-04T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beach ridges as paleoseismic indicators of abrupt coastal subsidence during subduction zone earthquakes, and implications for Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone paleoseismology, southeast coast of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Kenai section of the eastern Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone straddles two areas of high slip in the 1964 great Alaska earthquake and is the least studied of the three megathrust segments (Kodiak, Kenai, Prince William Sound) that ruptured in 1964. Investigation of two coastal sites in the eastern part of the Kenai segment, on the southeast coast of the Kenai Peninsula, identified evidence for two subduction zone earthquakes that predate the 1964 earthquake. Both coastal sites provide paleoseismic data through inferred coseismic subsidence of wetlands and associated subsidence-induced erosion of beach ridges. At Verdant Cove, paleo-beach ridges record the paleoseismic history; whereas at Quicksand Cove, buried soils in drowned coastal wetlands are the primary indicators of paleoearthquake occurrence and age. The timing of submergence and death of trees mark the oldest earthquake at Verdant Cove that is consistent with the age of a well documented ∼900-year-ago subduction zone earthquake that ruptured the Prince William Sound segment of the megathrust to the east and the Kodiak segment to the west. Soils buried within the last 400–450 years mark the penultimate earthquake on the southeast coast of the Kenai Peninsula. The penultimate earthquake probably occurred before AD 1840 from its absence in Russian historical accounts. The penultimate subduction zone earthquake on the Kenai segment did not rupture in conjunction with the Prince William Sound to the northeast. Therefore the Kenai segment, which is presently creeping, can rupture independently of the adjacent Prince William Sound segment that is presently locked.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.01.006","usgsCitation":"Kelsey, H.M., Witter, R., Engelhart, S.E., Briggs, R.W., Nelson, A.R., Haeussler, P.J., and Corbett, D., 2015, Beach ridges as paleoseismic indicators of abrupt coastal subsidence during subduction zone earthquakes, and implications for Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone paleoseismology, southeast coast of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 113, p. 147-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.01.006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"158","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062026","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489715,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1290683","text":"External Repository"},{"id":297744,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kenai Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.5,\n 59.25\n ],\n [\n -151.5,\n 60.5\n ],\n [\n -149.5,\n 60.5\n ],\n [\n -149.5,\n 59.25\n ],\n [\n -151.5,\n 59.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"113","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a59e4b08de9379b2ffd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelsey, Harvey M.","contributorId":101713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelsey","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engelhart, Simon E.","contributorId":60104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engelhart","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6923,"text":"University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Briggs, Richard W. 0000-0001-8108-0046 rbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-0046","contributorId":139002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Richard","email":"rbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, Alan R. 0000-0001-7117-7098 anelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Alan","email":"anelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Corbett, D. Reide","contributorId":139024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corbett","given":"D. Reide","affiliations":[{"id":12616,"text":"Dept of Geological Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70135660,"text":"sim3318 - 2015 - Geologic map of the Bodie Hills, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-03T08:48:56","indexId":"sim3318","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-03T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3318","title":"Geologic map of the Bodie Hills, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"The Bodie Hills covers about 1,200 km2 straddling the California-Nevada state boundary just north of Mono Lake in the western part of the Basin and Range Province, about 20 km east of the central Sierra Nevada. The area is mostly underlain by the partly overlapping, middle to late Miocene Bodie Hills volcanic field and Pliocene to late Pleistocene Aurora volcanic field (John and others, 2012). Upper Miocene to Pliocene sedimentary deposits, mostly basin-filling sediments, gravel deposits, and fanglomerates, lap onto the west, north, and east sides of the Bodie Hills, where they cover older Miocene volcanic rocks. Quaternary surficial deposits, including extensive colluvial, fluvial, glacial, and lacustrine deposits, locally cover all older rocks. Miocene and younger rocks are tilted ≤30° in variable directions. These rocks are cut by several sets of high-angle faults that exhibit a temporal change from conjugate northeast-striking left-lateral and north-striking right-lateral oblique-slip faults in rocks older than about 9 Ma to north- and northwest-striking dip-slip faults in late Miocene rocks. The youngest faults are north-striking normal and northeast-striking left-lateral oblique-slip faults that cut Pliocene-Pleistocene rocks. Numerous hydrothermal systems were active during Miocene magmatism and formed extensive zones of hydrothermally altered rocks and several large mineral deposits, including gold- and silver-rich veins in the Bodie and Aurora mining districts (Vikre and others, in press).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3318","usgsCitation":"John, D.A., du Bray, E.A., Box, S.E., Vikre, P., Rytuba, J.J., Fleck, R.J., and Moring, B.C., 2015, Geologic map of the Bodie Hills, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3318, Report: iv, 64 p.; 2 Map Sheets: 35.48 x 41.49 inches and 35.78 x 29.50 inches; 1 Table; Geodatabase, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3318.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 64 p.; 2 Map Sheets: 35.48 x 41.49 inches and 35.78 x 29.50 inches; 1 Table; Geodatabase","numberOfPages":"69","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055197","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3318.gif"},{"id":297694,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3318/downloads/SIM3318_Pamphlet.pdf","text":"Map Pamphlet","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297695,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3318/downloads/SIM3318_Sheet1.pdf","text":"Map Sheet 1","size":"9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297696,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3318/downloads/SIM3318_Sheet2.pdf","text":"Map Sheet 2","size":"247 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297697,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3318/downloads/SIM3318_Table3.xlsx","text":"Table 3","size":"19 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"This table is not included in the pamphlet."},{"id":297698,"rank":6,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3318/downloads/SIM3318_Geodatabase_Shapefiles.zip","text":"Geodatabase","size":"69.3 MB","linkHelpText":"Contains: geospatial database and accompanying files. 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2015 - Potentiometric surfaces and water-level trends in the Cockfield (upper Claiborne) aquifer in southern Arkansas and the Wilcox (lower Wilcox) aquifer of northeastern and southern Arkansas, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T14:25:03","indexId":"sir20145232","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-02T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5232","title":"Potentiometric surfaces and water-level trends in the Cockfield (upper Claiborne) aquifer in southern Arkansas and the Wilcox (lower Wilcox) aquifer of northeastern and southern Arkansas, 2012","docAbstract":"The Cockfield aquifer, located in southern Arkansas, is composed of Eocene-age sand beds found near the base of the Cockfield Formation of Claiborne Group. The Wilcox aquifer, located in northeastern and southern Arkansas, is composed of Paleocene-age sand beds found in the middle to lower part of the Wilcox Group. The Cockfield and Wilcox aquifers are primary sources of groundwater. In 2010, withdrawals from the Cockfield aquifer in Arkansas totaled 19.2 million gallons per day (Mgal/d), and withdrawals from the Wilcox aquifer totaled 36.5 Mgal/d.
\nA study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission and the Arkansas Geological Survey to measure water levels associated with the Cockfield aquifer and the Wilcox aquifer in northeastern and southern Arkansas. Water levels were measured at 43 wells completed in the Cockfield aquifer and 47 wells completed in the Wilcox aquifer in February and March 2012. Measurements from 2012 are presented as potentiometric-surface maps and in combination with measurements from 2006 as water-level difference maps. Trends in water-level change over time within the Cockfield and Wilcox aquifers were determined using the water-level difference maps and selected well hydrographs.
\nThe Cockfield aquifer study area in southern Arkansas is bounded on the east by the Mississippi River and on the west by the area that contains outcrops and subcrops of the Cockfield Formation. The northern boundary of the Cockfield aquifer study area is defined by the area that contains observation wells completed in the Cockfield aquifer and the southern boundary is the Louisiana State line.
\nThe Wilcox aquifer study area in northeastern Arkansas is bounded on the east by the Mississippi River and on the north by the Missouri State line. The southern and western boundaries are defined by areas containing observation wells completed in the Wilcox aquifer or by outcrop areas on or near Crowleys Ridge. The Wilcox aquifer study area in southern Arkansas is defined by observation wells completed in the Wilcox aquifer or by areas that contain outcrops of the Wilcox Group, or both.
\nThe potentiometric-surface map of the Cockfield aquifer shows the regional direction of groundwater flow was generally toward the east-southeast, except in areas of intense groundwater withdrawals such as southwestern Ashley County, where groundwater flows toward the town of Crossett. The highest water-level altitude measured was 350 feet (ft) above National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) in central Columbia County. The lowest water-level altitude measured was 40 ft above NGVD 29 in southeastern Lincoln County.
\nThe water-level difference map for the Cockfield aquifer in Arkansas was constructed using 42 water-level measurements made during 2006 and 2012. The difference in water levels for the Cockfield aquifer ranged from 27.4 ft to -10.4 ft. The largest water-level rise was in Calhoun County, and the largest water-level decline was 10.4 ft in Union County. Of the 42 wells, 13 wells had a rise in water level, and the remaining 29 wells had a decline in water level.
\nHydrographs for 32 wells in the Cockfield aquifer with historical water-level data were evaluated using linear regression to calculate the annual rise or decline for each well. These data were aggregated by county and statistically evaluated for the range, mean, and median of water-level change in each county. Hydrographs for Bradley, Calhoun, Chicot, Columbia, and Union Counties indicated both rising and declining water levels. The mean annual water-level rise or decline for Calhoun County was 0.00 foot per year (ft/yr) or unchanged. The mean annual water-level for Ashley, Bradley, Chicot, Cleveland, Columbia, Lincoln, and Union Counties show declines ranging from -0.02 to -1.10 ft/yr.
\nTwo potentiometric-surface maps, one for the southern area and one for the northeastern area, were constructed to show the altitude of the water surface in the Wilcox aquifer. The direction of groundwater flow in the northeastern area was generally towards the south-southwest except for some areas immediately adjacent to the Mississippi River where the flow was more eastward towards the river. The highest water-level altitude was 219 ft in northern Mississippi County, and the lowest water-level altitude was 123 ft near West Memphis in Crittenden County. The direction of groundwater flow in the northern part of the southern area was generally towards the southwest. The direction of groundwater flow in the southern part was in all directions because of two cones of depression and two water-level mounds. The highest water-level altitude measured was 394 ft at the center of a water-level mound in eastern Hot Spring County and a water-level mound in southwestern Hempstead County. The lowest water-level altitude measured was 145 ft at the center of the cone of depression in Clark County.
\nWater-level difference maps for the Wilcox aquifer in Arkansas were constructed using 47 water-level measurements made during 2006 and 2012. The difference in water levels for the Wilcox aquifer in the northeastern area ranged from 22.0 ft to -17.9 ft. The largest rise in water level occurred in Crittenden County, and the largest decline occurred in Lee County. Twenty-one wells had rising water levels, and 10 wells had declining water levels. The difference in water levels for the Wilcox aquifer in the southern area ranged from 18.1 ft to -4.2 ft. The largest rise and the largest decline in water level occurred in Nevada County. Twelve wells had rising water levels, and 4 wells had declining water levels.
\nLinear regression analysis of long-term hydrographs was used to determine the mean annual water-level rise and decline in the Wilcox aquifer in the northeastern and southern areas of Arkansas. In the northeastern area, the mean annual water level declined in all seven counties. The mean annual declines ranged from -0.55 ft/yr in Craighead County to -1.46 ft/yr in St. Francis County. In the southern area, the annual rise and decline calculations for wells with over 20 years of records indicate rising and declining water levels in Clark, Hot Spring, and Nevada Counties. The mean annual water level declined in all counties except Hot Spring County.
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to natural or anthropogenic sources of isolation and low rates of dispersal. In this study, we used molecular approaches to describe the unique population structure of brook trout inhabiting the Shavers Fork watershed, located in eastern West Virginia, and contrast it to nearby populations in tributaries of the upper Greenbrier River and North Fork South Branch Potomac Rivers. Bayesian and maximum likelihood clustering methods identified minimal population structuring among 14 collections of brook trout from throughout the mainstem and tributaries of Shavers Fork, highlighting the role of the cold-water mainstem for connectivity and high rates of effective migration among tributaries. In contrast, the Potomac and Greenbrier River collections displayed distinct levels of population differentiation among tributaries, presumably resulting from tributary isolation by warm-water mainstems. Our results highlight the importance of protecting and restoring cold-water mainstem habitats as part of region-wide brook trout conservation efforts. In addition, our results from Shavers Fork provide a contrast to previous genetic studies that characterize Appalachian brook trout as fragmented isolates rather than well-mixed populations. Additional study is needed to determine whether the existence of brook trout as genetically similar populations among tributaries is truly unique and whether connectivity among brook trout populations can potentially be restored within other central Appalachian watersheds.
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Due to their migratory behavior, some may transmit disease over long distances. Migratory connectivity studies can link breeding and nonbreeding grounds while illustrating potential interactions among populations that may spread diseases. We investigated Dunlin (Calidris alpina), a shorebird with a subspecies (C. a. arcticola) that migrates from nonbreeding areas endemic to avian influenza in eastern Asia to breeding grounds in northern Alaska. Using microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA, we illustrate genetic structure among six subspecies: C. a. arcticola, C. a. pacifica, C. a. hudsonia, C. a. sakhalina, C. a. kistchinski, and C. a. actites. We demonstrate that mitochondrial DNA can help distinguish C. a. arcticola on the Asian nonbreeding grounds with >70% accuracy depending on their relative abundance, indicating that genetics can help determine whether C. a. arcticola occurs where they may be exposed to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) during outbreaks. Our data reveal asymmetric intercontinental gene flow, with some C. a. arcticola short-stopping migration to breed with C. a. pacifica in western Alaska. Because C. a. pacifica migrates along the Pacific Coast of North America, interactions between these subspecies and other taxa provide route for transmission of HPAI into other parts of North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eva.12239","usgsCitation":"Miller, M., Haig, S.M., Mullins, T.D., Ruan, L., Casler, B., Dondua, A., Gates, H.R., Johnson, J., Kendall, S.J., Tomkovich, P.S., Tracy, D., Valchuk, O.P., and Lanctot, R.B., 2015, Intercontinental genetic structure and gene flow in Dunlin (Calidris alpina), a potential vector of avian influenza: Evolutionary Applications, v. 8, no. 2, p. 149-171, https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12239.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"171","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056312","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12239","text":"External Repository"},{"id":297637,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Russia, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -205.13671875,\n 49.26780455063753\n ],\n [\n -205.13671875,\n 72.28906720017675\n ],\n [\n -128.84765625,\n 72.28906720017675\n ],\n [\n -128.84765625,\n 49.26780455063753\n ],\n [\n -205.13671875,\n 49.26780455063753\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.984375,\n 54.16243396806781\n ],\n [\n -108.984375,\n 72.55449849665266\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n 72.55449849665266\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n 54.16243396806781\n ],\n [\n -108.984375,\n 54.16243396806781\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a8ae4b08de9379b30e1","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/eva.12239","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.12239","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Miller Mark P., Haig Susan M., Mullins Thomas D., Ruan Luzhang, Casler Bruce, Dondua Alexei, Gates H. 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Matthew, Kendall Steve, Tomkovich Pavel S., Tracy Diane, Valchuk Olga P., Lanctot Richard B.","journalName":"Evolutionary Applications","publicationDate":"1/28/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Mark P. mpmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":138965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark P.","email":"mpmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mullins, Thomas D. 0000-0001-8948-9604 tom_mullins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-9604","contributorId":3615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"Thomas","email":"tom_mullins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruan, Luzhang","contributorId":138966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruan","given":"Luzhang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12597,"text":"School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casler, Bruce","contributorId":138967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Casler","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12598,"text":"Izembek National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dondua, Alexei","contributorId":138968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dondua","given":"Alexei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12599,"text":"Gatchinskaya Str., 10-27, St. Petersburg, 197198 Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gates, H. 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Water samples were collected from 11 monitoring wells completed in about 250–750 feet of the upper part of the aquifer, and samples were analyzed for selected major ions, trace elements, nutrients, radiochemical constituents, and stable isotopes. Each well was equipped with a multilevel monitoring system containing four to seven sampling ports that were each isolated by permanent packer systems. The sampling ports were installed in aquifer zones that were highly transmissive and that represented the water chemistry of the top three to five model layers of a steady-state and transient groundwater‑flow model. The groundwater-flow model and water chemistry are being used to better define movement of wastewater constituents in the aquifer.
\nThe water-chemistry composition of all sampled zones for the five new multilevel wells is calcium plus magnesium bicarbonate. One of the zones in well USGS 131A has a slightly different chemistry from the rest of the zones and wells and the difference is attributed to more wastewater influence from the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center. One well, USGS 135, was not influenced by wastewater disposal and consisted of mostly older water in all of its zones.
\nTritium concentrations in relation to basaltic flow units indicate the presence of wastewater influence in multiple basalt flow groups; however, tritium is most abundant in the South Late Matuyama flow group in the southern boundary wells. The concentrations of wastewater constituents in deep zones in wells Middle 2051, USGS 132, USGS 105, and USGS 103 support the concept of groundwater flow deepening in the southwestern corner of the INL, as indicated by the INL groundwater-flow model.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155002","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Bartholomay, R.C., Hopkins, C.B., and Maimer, N.V., 2015, Chemical constituents in groundwater from multiple zones in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2009-13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5002, vi, 109 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155002.","productDescription":"vi, 109 p.","numberOfPages":"120","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-053010","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155002.jpg"},{"id":297628,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5002/"},{"id":297630,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5002/pdf/sir2015-5002.pdf","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.2470703125,\n 43.29519939210697\n ],\n [\n -113.2470703125,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -112.42584228515625,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -112.42584228515625,\n 43.29519939210697\n ],\n [\n -113.2470703125,\n 43.29519939210697\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"DOE/ID-22232","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a5ee4b08de9379b3018","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopkins, Candice B. 0000-0003-3207-7267 chopkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3207-7267","contributorId":1379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"Candice","email":"chopkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maimer, Neil V. 0000-0003-3047-3282 nmaimer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3047-3282","contributorId":5659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maimer","given":"Neil","email":"nmaimer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70155959,"text":"70155959 - 2015 - Assessment of surface water chloride and conductivity trends in areas of unconventional oil and gas development — Why existing national data sets cannot tell us what we would like to know","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-15T17:04:15.648777","indexId":"70155959","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of surface water chloride and conductivity trends in areas of unconventional oil and gas development — Why existing national data sets cannot tell us what we would like to know","docAbstract":"Heightened concern regarding the potential effects of unconventional oil and gas development on regional water quality has emerged, but the few studies on this topic are limited in geographic scope. Here we evaluate the potential utility of national and publicly available water-quality data sets for addressing questions regarding unconventional oil and gas development. We used existing U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency data sets to increase understanding of the spatial distribution of unconventional oil and gas development in the U.S. and broadly assess surface water quality trends in these areas. Based on sample size limitations, we were able to estimate trends in specific conductance (SC) and chloride (Cl−) from 1970 to 2010 in 16% (n = 155) of the watersheds with unconventional oil and gas resources. We assessed these trends relative to spatiotemporal distributions of hydraulically fractured wells. Results from this limited analysis suggest no consistent and widespread trends in surface water quality for SC and Cl− in areas with increasing unconventional oil and gas development and highlight limitations of existing national databases for addressing questions regarding unconventional oil and gas development and water quality.
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David D. ddsusong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"David","email":"ddsusong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Varela, Brian A. 0000-0001-9849-6742","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9849-6742","contributorId":62495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varela","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70134271,"text":"ds902 - 2015 - Digital geospatial presentation of geoelectrical and geotechnical data for the lower American River and flood plain, east Sacramento, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-07T12:36:20","indexId":"ds902","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"902","title":"Digital geospatial presentation of geoelectrical and geotechnical data for the lower American River and flood plain, east Sacramento, California","docAbstract":"To characterize the extent and thickness of lithologic units that may have differing scour potential, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, has performed several geoelectrical surveys of the lower American River channel and flood plain between Cal Expo and the Rio Americano High School in east Sacramento, California. Additional geotechnical data have been collected by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and its contractors. Data resulting from these surveys have been compiled into similar database formats and converted to uniform geospatial datums and projections. These data have been visualized in a digital three-dimensional framework project that can be viewed using freely available software. These data facilitate a comprehensive analysis of the resistivity structure underlying the lower American River corridor and assist in levee system management.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds902","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Sacramento District","usgsCitation":"Ball, L.B., Burton, B., Powers, M.H., and Asch, T.H., 2015, Digital geospatial presentation of geoelectrical and geotechnical data for the lower American River and flood plain, east Sacramento, California: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 902, Report: iv, 12 p.; 3D Framework; Source Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds902.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; 3D Framework; Source Data","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046347","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297540,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0902/downloads/SOURCE_DATA.zip","text":"Source Data","description":"Source Data"},{"id":297538,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0902/pdf/ds902.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297539,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0902/downloads/3DFRAMEWORK.zip","text":"3D Framework","description":"3D Framework"},{"id":297532,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0902/"},{"id":297541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds902.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Sacramento","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.42656326293945,\n 38.55783104069692\n ],\n [\n -121.34519577026367,\n 38.55783104069692\n ],\n [\n -121.34519577026367,\n 38.5896378526013\n ],\n [\n -121.42656326293945,\n 38.5896378526013\n ],\n [\n -121.42656326293945,\n 38.55783104069692\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a6ae4b08de9379b3048","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powers, Michael H. 0000-0002-4480-7856 mhpowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-7856","contributorId":851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Michael","email":"mhpowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Asch, Theodore H.","contributorId":127592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Asch","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6766,"text":"former USGS NOROCK Step-Student","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70137299,"text":"ofr20151001 - 2015 - Future wave and wind projections for United States and United-States-affiliated Pacific Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-27T10:41:57","indexId":"ofr20151001","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1001","title":"Future wave and wind projections for United States and United-States-affiliated Pacific Islands","docAbstract":"Changes in future wave climates in the tropical Pacific Ocean from global climate change are not well understood. Spatially and temporally varying waves dominate coastal morphology and ecosystem structure of the islands throughout the tropical Pacific. Waves also impact coastal infrastructure, natural and cultural resources, and coastal-related economic activities of the islands. Wave heights, periods, and directions were forecast through the year 2100 using wind parameter outputs from four atmosphere-ocean global climate models from the Coupled Model Inter-Comparison Project, Phase 5, for Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios 4.5 and 8.5 that correspond to moderately mitigated and unmitigated greenhouse gas emissions, respectively. Wind fields from the global climate models were used to drive a global WAVEWATCH-III wave model and generate hourly time-series of bulk wave parameters for 25 islands in the mid to western tropical Pacific for the years 1976–2005 (historical), 2026–2045 (mid-century projection), and 2085–2100 (end-of-century projection). Although the results show some spatial heterogeneity, overall the December-February extreme significant wave heights, defined as the mean of the top 5 percent of significant wave height time-series data modeled within a specific period, increase from present to mid-century and then decrease toward the end of the century; June-August extreme wave heights increase throughout the century within the Central region of the study area; and September-November wave heights decrease strongly throughout the 21st century, displaying the largest and most widespread decreases of any season. Peak wave periods increase east of the International Date Line during the December-February and June-August seasons under RCP4.5. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, wave periods decrease west of the International Date Line during December-February but increase in the eastern half of the study area. Otherwise, wave periods decrease throughout the study area during other seasons. Extreme wave directions in equatorial Micronesia during June-August undergo an approximate 30° clockwise rotation from primarily west to northwest. September-November RCP4.5 extreme mean wave directions rotate counterclockwise by approximately 30 to 45° in equatorial Micronesia; September-November RCP8.5 extreme mean wave directions within equatorial Micronesia rotate clockwise by approximately 20 to 30°. Extreme wind speeds decreased within both scenarios, with the largest decreases occurring in the September-November season. Extreme wind directions under RCP4.5 rotated clockwise by more than 60° in equatorial Micronesia during the September-November season and by approximately 30° during June-August. RCP8.5 extreme wind directions rotated counterclockwise during September-November within the same region by 30 to 50° and clockwise by 30 to 40° at one island. The spatial patterns and trends are similar between the two different greenhouse gas emission scenarios, with the magnitude and extent of the trends generally greater for the higher (RCP8.5) scenario.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151001","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Shope, J.B., Erikson, L., Hegermiller, C.A., and Barnard, P.L., 2015, Future wave and wind projections for United States and United-States-affiliated Pacific Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1001, xxvii, 426 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151001.","productDescription":"xxvii, 426 p.","numberOfPages":"455","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059375","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297525,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151001.gif"},{"id":297524,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1001/downloads/ofr2015-1001_report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"32.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Micronesia, Pacific Ocean","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a7ae4b08de9379b3095","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":2333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shope, James B.","contributorId":135949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shope","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":10653,"text":"University of California at Santa Cruz, Earth and Planetary Science Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erikson, Li H. 0000-0002-8607-7695 lerikson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-7695","contributorId":3170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li H.","email":"lerikson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hegermiller, Christine A.","contributorId":135950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hegermiller","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":10653,"text":"University of California at Santa Cruz, Earth and Planetary Science Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":2880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70160443,"text":"70160443 - 2015 - Instrumenting caves to collect hydrologic and geochemical data: case study from James Cave, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-06T14:41:12","indexId":"70160443","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Instrumenting caves to collect hydrologic and geochemical data: case study from James Cave, Virginia","docAbstract":"Karst aquifers are productive groundwater systems, supplying approximately 25 % of the world’s drinking water. Sustainable use of this critical water supply requires information about rates of recharge to karst aquifers. The overall goal of this project is to collect long-term, high-resolution hydrologic and geochemical datasets at James Cave, Virginia, to evaluate the quantity and quality of recharge to the karst system. To achieve this goal, the cave has been instrumented for continuous (10-min interval) measurement of the (1) temperature and rate of precipitation; (2) temperature, specific conductance, and rate of epikarst dripwater; (3) temperature of the cave air; and (4) temperature, conductivity, and discharge of the cave stream. Instrumentation has also been installed to collect both composite and grab samples of precipitation, soil water, the cave stream, and dripwater for geochemical analysis. This chapter provides detailed information about the instrumentation, data processing, and data management; shows examples of collected datasets; and discusses recommendations for other researchers interested in hydrologic and geochemical monitoring of cave systems. Results from the research, briefly described here and discussed in more detail in other publications, document a strong seasonality of the start of the recharge season, the extent of the recharge season, and the geochemistry of recharge.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in watershed science and assessment","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-14212-8_8","usgsCitation":"Schreiber, M.E., Schwartz, B.F., Orndorff, W., Doctor, D.H., Eagle, S.D., and Gerst, J.D., 2015, Instrumenting caves to collect hydrologic and geochemical data: case study from James Cave, Virginia, chap. of Advances in watershed science and assessment, p. 205-231, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14212-8_8.","productDescription":"27 p. ","startPage":"205","endPage":"231","ipdsId":"IP-060443","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312537,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-14212-8_8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"James Cave","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.73715209960938,\n 37.205175356202666\n ],\n [\n -80.47210693359375,\n 37.28388730761434\n ],\n [\n -80.36224365234375,\n 37.113240886048715\n ],\n [\n -80.69869995117188,\n 37.05298514989097\n ],\n [\n -80.73715209960938,\n 37.205175356202666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57cfe8b7e4b04836416a0dca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schreiber, Madeline E.","contributorId":138959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schreiber","given":"Madeline","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12594,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Benjamin F.","contributorId":150744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":18087,"text":"Texas State University, San Marcos","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orndorff, William","contributorId":150745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orndorff","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18088,"text":"Virginia Dept. of Conservation and Recreation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eagle, Sarah D.","contributorId":150746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eagle","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":18089,"text":"Virginia Tech, Dept. of Geosciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gerst, Jonathan D.","contributorId":150747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerst","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":18089,"text":"Virginia Tech, Dept. of Geosciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70141794,"text":"70141794 - 2015 - Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: source-to-sink sediment budget and synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T14:29:19.223252","indexId":"70141794","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-23T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: source-to-sink sediment budget and synthesis","docAbstract":"Understanding landscape responses to sediment supply changes constitutes a fundamental part of many problems in geomorphology, but opportunities to study such processes at field scales are rare. The phased removal of two large dams on the Elwha River, Washington, exposed 21 ± 3 million m3, or ~ 30 million tonnes (t), of sediment that had been deposited in the two former reservoirs, allowing a comprehensive investigation of watershed and coastal responses to a substantial increase in sediment supply. Here we provide a source-to-sink sediment budget of this sediment release during the first two years of the project (September 2011–September 2013) and synthesize the geomorphic changes that occurred to downstream fluvial and coastal landforms. Owing to the phased removal of each dam, the release of sediment to the river was a function of the amount of dam structure removed, the progradation of reservoir delta sediments, exposure of more cohesive lakebed sediment, and the hydrologic conditions of the river. The greatest downstream geomorphic effects were observed after water bodies of both reservoirs were fully drained and fine (silt and clay) and coarse (sand and gravel) sediments were spilling past the former dam sites. After both dams were spilling fine and coarse sediments, river suspended-sediment concentrations were commonly several thousand mg/L with ~ 50% sand during moderate and high river flow. At the same time, a sand and gravel sediment wave dispersed down the river channel, filling channel pools and floodplain channels, aggrading much of the river channel by ~ 1 m, reducing river channel sediment grain sizes by ~ 16-fold, and depositing ~ 2.2 million m3 of sand and gravel on the seafloor offshore of the river mouth. The total sediment budget during the first two years revealed that the vast majority (~ 90%) of the sediment released from the former reservoirs to the river passed through the fluvial system and was discharged to the coastal waters, where slightly less than half of the sediment was deposited in the river-mouth delta. Although most of the measured fluvial and coastal deposition was sand-sized and coarser (> 0.063 mm), significant mud deposition was observed in and around the mainstem river channel and on the seafloor. Woody debris, ranging from millimeter-size particles to old-growth trees and stumps, was also introduced to fluvial and coastal landforms during the dam removals. At the end of our two-year study, Elwha Dam was completely removed, Glines Canyon Dam had been 75% removed (full removal was completed 2014), and ~ 65% of the combined reservoir sediment masses—including ~ 8 Mt of fine-grained and ~ 12 Mt of coarse-grained sediment—remained within the former reservoirs. Reservoir sediment will continue to be released to the Elwha River following our two-year study owing to a ~ 16 m base level drop during the final removal of Glines Canyon Dam and to erosion from floods with larger magnitudes than occurred during our study. Comparisons with a geomorphic synthesis of small dam removals suggest that the rate of sediment erosion as a percent of storage was greater in the Elwha River during the first two years of the project than in the other systems. Comparisons with other Pacific Northwest dam removals suggest that these steep, high-energy rivers have enough stream power to export volumes of sediment deposited over several decades in only months to a few years. These results should assist with predicting and characterizing landscape responses to future dam removals and other perturbations to fluvial and coastal sediment budgets.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.01.010","usgsCitation":"Warrick, J., Bountry, J.A., East, A., Magirl, C.S., Randle, T.J., Gelfenbaum, G.R., Ritchie, A.C., Pess, G.R., Leung, V., and Duda, J., 2015, Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: source-to-sink sediment budget and synthesis: Geomorphology, v. 246, no. 1, p. 729-750, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.01.010.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"729","endPage":"750","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059114","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298085,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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R.","contributorId":13501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pess","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6578,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98112, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Leung, Vivian","contributorId":139406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leung","given":"Vivian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Duda, Jeff J. jduda@usgs.gov","contributorId":139318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeff J.","email":"jduda@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70138809,"text":"70138809 - 2015 - Growth rates and variances of unexploited wolf populations in dynamic equilibria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:30:56","indexId":"70138809","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-22T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth rates and variances of unexploited wolf populations in dynamic equilibria","docAbstract":"Several states have begun harvesting gray wolves (Canis lupus), and these states and various European countries are closely monitoring their wolf populations. To provide appropriate perspective for determining unusual or extreme fluctuations in their managed wolf populations, we analyzed natural, long-term, wolf-population-density trajectories totaling 130 years of data from 3 areas: Isle Royale National Park in Lake Superior, Michigan, USA; the east-central Superior National Forest in northeastern Minnesota, USA; and Denali National Park, Alaska, USA. Ratios between minimum and maximum annual sizes for 2 mainland populations (n = 28 and 46 yr) varied from 2.5–2.8, whereas for Isle Royale (n = 56 yr), the ratio was 6.3. The interquartile range (25th percentile, 75th percentile) for annual growth rates, Nt+1/Nt, was (0.88, 1.14), (0.92, 1.11), and (0.86, 1.12) for Denali, Superior National Forest, and Isle Royale respectively. We fit a density-independent model and a Ricker model to each time series, and in both cases we considered the potential for observation error. Mean growth rates from the density-independent model were close to 0 for all 3 populations, with 95% credible intervals including 0. We view the estimated model parameters, including those describing annual variability or process variance, as providing useful summaries of the trajectories of these populations. The estimates of these natural wolf population parameters can serve as benchmarks for comparison with those of recovering wolf populations. Because our study populations were all from circumscribed areas, fluctuations in them represent fluctuations in densities (i.e., changes in numbers are not confounded by changes in occupied area as would be the case with populations expanding their range, as are wolf populations in many states).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","doi":"10.1002/wsb.511","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., and Fieberg, J., 2015, Growth rates and variances of unexploited wolf populations in dynamic equilibria: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 39, no. 1, p. 41-48, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.511.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056273","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/d85d63d4c7d448c2bb1d5681d53a1c7b","text":"External Repository"},{"id":297459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, Michigan, Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park, Isle Royale National Park, Superior National Forest","volume":"39","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a85e4b08de9379b30c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fieberg, John","contributorId":44804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fieberg","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":7201,"text":"University of Minnesota-St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70058101,"text":"cir1354 - 2015 - The quality of our nation's waters: Water quality in the Principal Aquifers of the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge regions, eastern United States, 1993-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-29T16:57:04.17935","indexId":"cir1354","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-21T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1354","title":"The quality of our nation's waters: Water quality in the Principal Aquifers of the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge regions, eastern United States, 1993-2009","docAbstract":"The aquifers of the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge regions underlie an area with a population of more than 40 million people in 10 states. The suburban and rural population is large, growing rapidly, and increasingly dependent on groundwater as a source of supply, with more than 550 million gallons per day withdrawn from domestic wells for household use. Water from some of these aquifers does not meet human-health benchmarks for drinking water for contaminants with geologic or human sources. Water from samples in crystalline- and siliciclastic-rock aquifers frequently exceeded standards for contaminants with geologic sources, and samples in carbonate-rock aquifers frequently exceeded standards for contaminants with human sources, most often nitrate and bacteria.
\nThe hydrogeology of the valley-fill aquifer system and surrounding watershed areas was investigated within a 23-mile long, fault-controlled valley in eastern Orange County, New York. Glacial deposits form a divide within the valley that is drained to the north by Woodbury Creek and is drained to the south by the Ramapo River. Surficial geology, extent and saturated thickness of sand and gravel aquifers, extent of confining units, bedrock-surface elevation beneath valleys, major lineaments, and the locations of wells for which records are available were delineated on an interactive map.
\nCurrently (2013), groundwater is the primary source of water supply in the study area. Several public water-supply systems withdraw groundwater from production wells in valley areas; elsewhere, domestic wells are used for water supply. Community-supply wells tap both sand and gravel and fractured bedrock aquifers; most domestic wells tap fractured-bedrock aquifers.
\nThick, saturated sand and gravel deposits are limited in areal extent but form several localized, productive aquifer zones within the valley-fill sediments. Hydraulic interconnection among these zones is largely untested. Fine-grained lacustrine deposits form extensive confining units above some aquifer material. Till deposits that extend into valleys also confine sand and gravel or bedrock aquifers. The study area was divided into three sections—south, central, and north.
\nThe south section of the study area, from Harriman south to the Rockland County and New Jersey borders, includes the south-draining valleys of the Ramapo River and Summit Brook. South of the wide valley area at Harriman, the valleys are narrow and the valley-fill aquifers are largely untested; the most favorable aquifer conditions are likely at Arden and where major tributary streams enter the valley, between Southfields and We-Wah Lake. At Harriman, the Ramapo River valley fill has water-resource potential from ice-contact sand and gravel deposits.
\nThe central section of the study area encompasses the headwater drainage area of the Ramapo River, from Harriman to Monroe and Kiryas Joel. The valley-fill aquifer material is generally thin, mostly unconfined, and underlain by glacial till. Shallow production wells tap parts of this aquifer, and appear most productive when sited near surface-water bodies. Production wells in the section are frequently completed in the underlying bedrock.
\nThe north section of the study area encompasses the watershed of north-draining Woodbury Creek to just north of its confluence with Moodna Creek. The width of the valley bottom and type of valley-fill deposits vary considerably within the valley. The section likely has the greatest water-resource potential—both confined and unconfined aquifers are present and the village of Woodbury and town of Cornwall draw water supply from production wells. Aquifer potential appears most promising north of Central Valley, but several areas in this section are largely untested.
\nValley-fill aquifers are modest resources within the area, as indicated by the common practice of completing supply wells in the underlying bedrock rather than the overlying glacial deposits. Groundwater turbidity problems curtail use of the resource. However, additional groundwater resources have been identified by test drilling, and there are remaining untested areas. New groundwater supplies that stress localized aquifer areas will alter the groundwater flow system. Considerations include potential water-quality degradation from nearby land use(s) and, where withdrawals induce infiltration of surface-water, balancing withdrawals with flow requirements for downstream users or for maintenance of stream ecological health.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145156","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Heisig, P.M., 2015, Hydrogeology of the Ramapo River-Woodbury Creek valley-fill aquifer system and adjacent areas in eastern Orange County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5156, Report: vi, 23 p.; Appendixes 1-2; Plate: 34.0 x 44.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145156.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 23 p.; Appendixes 1-2; Plate: 34.0 x 44.0 inches","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050854","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145156.jpg"},{"id":297438,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5156/pdf/sir2014-5156.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297437,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5156/"},{"id":297439,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5156/attachments/sir2014-5156_Appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"133 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"Well data for the Ramapo River - Woodbury Creek valley and adjacent uplands, eastern Orange County, New York"},{"id":297440,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5156/attachments/sir2014-5156_appendix2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"21.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 2","linkHelpText":"North-south longitudinal section along Ramapo River-Woodbury Creek valleys showing elevations of floodp lains, terraces, and other valley-bottom glacial features."},{"id":297441,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5156/plate.html","text":"Plate 1","size":"59.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1","linkHelpText":"Hydrogeology of the Ramapo River-Woodbury Creek Valley-Fill Aquifer System and Adjacent Areas in Eastern Orange County, New York"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Orange County","otherGeospatial":"Ramapo River, Woodbury Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.28680419921875,\n 41.13005574377673\n ],\n [\n -74.28680419921875,\n 41.46228285189013\n ],\n [\n -73.97369384765625,\n 41.46228285189013\n ],\n [\n -73.97369384765625,\n 41.13005574377673\n ],\n [\n -74.28680419921875,\n 41.13005574377673\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a86e4b08de9379b30cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heisig, Paul M. 0000-0003-0338-4970 pmheisig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-4970","contributorId":793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heisig","given":"Paul","email":"pmheisig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70140360,"text":"70140360 - 2015 - Soil greenhouse gas emissions and carbon budgeting in a short-hydroperiod floodplain wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-26T15:53:33","indexId":"70140360","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil greenhouse gas emissions and carbon budgeting in a short-hydroperiod floodplain wetland","docAbstract":"Understanding the controls on floodplain carbon (C) cycling is important for assessing greenhouse gas emissions and the potential for C sequestration in river-floodplain ecosystems. We hypothesized that greater hydrologic connectivity would increase C inputs to floodplains that would not only stimulate soil C gas emissions but also sequester more C in soils. In an urban Piedmont river (151 km2 watershed) with a floodplain that is dry most of the year, we quantified soil CO2, CH4, and N2O net emissions along gradients of floodplain hydrologic connectivity, identified controls on soil aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and developed a floodplain soil C budget. Sites were chosen along a longitudinal river gradient and across lateral floodplain geomorphic units (levee, backswamp, and toe slope). CO2 emissions decreased downstream in backswamps and toe slopes and were high on the levees. CH4 and N2O fluxes were near zero; however, CH4emissions were highest in the backswamp. Annual CO2 emissions correlated negatively with soil water-filled pore space and positively with variables related to drier, coarser soil. Conversely, annual CH4 emissions had the opposite pattern of CO2. Spatial variation in aerobic and anaerobic respiration was thus controlled by oxygen availability but was not related to C inputs from sedimentation or vegetation. The annual mean soil CO2 emission rate was 1091 g C m−2 yr−1, the net sedimentation rate was 111 g C m−2 yr−1, and the vegetation production rate was 240 g C m−2 yr−1, with a soil C balance (loss) of −338 g C m−2 yr−1. This floodplain is losing C likely due to long-term drying from watershed urbanization.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2014JG002817","usgsCitation":"Batson, J., Noe, G.B., Hupp, C.R., Krauss, K.W., Rybicki, N.B., and Schenk, E.R., 2015, Soil greenhouse gas emissions and carbon budgeting in a short-hydroperiod floodplain wetland: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 120, no. 1, p. 77-95, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002817.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"95","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061690","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jg002817","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297816,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Difficult Run, Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.23560333251953,\n 38.9768594727967\n ],\n [\n -77.23341464996338,\n 38.9756250535527\n ],\n [\n -77.23637580871582,\n 38.97395688525248\n ],\n [\n -77.2638416290283,\n 38.97072052669015\n ],\n [\n -77.2873592376709,\n 38.96613265162267\n ],\n [\n -77.28907585144043,\n 38.966733263080755\n ],\n [\n -77.2746992111206,\n 38.9743906127907\n ],\n [\n -77.2572112083435,\n 38.975191333574806\n ],\n [\n -77.24978685379028,\n 38.97894459156479\n ],\n [\n -77.23560333251953,\n 38.9768594727967\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab5e4b08de9379b319c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Batson, Jackie jbatson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batson","given":"Jackie","email":"jbatson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noe, Gregory B. gnoe@usgs.gov","contributorId":131138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory","email":"gnoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hupp, Cliff R. 0000-0003-1853-9197 crhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":2344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Cliff","email":"crhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rybicki, Nancy B. 0000-0002-2205-7927 nrybicki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2205-7927","contributorId":2142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybicki","given":"Nancy","email":"nrybicki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schenk, Edward R. 0000-0001-6886-5754 eschenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-5754","contributorId":2183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Edward","email":"eschenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}