Flat Creek, a tributary to the Snake River in northwestern Wyoming, is an important source of irrigation water, fish and wildlife habitat, and local recreation. Since 1996, a section of Flat Creek within the town of Jackson has failed to meet Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality’s surface-water-quality standards for total suspended solids and turbidity required by its State water-use classification. Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality water-quality standards prohibit increases of greater than 10 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) because of human activities in streambodies of Wyoming. Sediment loading from urban stormwater runoff is hypothesized in previous publications to be the primary cause of impairment, but the relative fine sediment contributions from various sources have not been quantified.
In cooperation with the Teton Conservation District, the U.S. Geological Survey began a pilot study in the Flat Creek drainage basin to investigate the use of continuous turbidity measurements to predict suspended-sediment concentrations, loads, and sources through the town of Jackson, Wyoming. The predictions were based on turbidity measurements collected every 15 minutes during parts of water years 2019 and 2020. Analysis of differences in the more than 15,000 turbidity measurements coincident between upstream and downstream streamgages indicated that differences of 10 formazin nephelometric units (FNU) or greater composed about 1 percent of the total accepted measurements during the 2019 and 2020 measurement periods. The median difference in measured turbidity between coincident records at the upstream and downstream streamgages in 2019 was 0.20 FNU and the median difference in 2020 was 0.0 FNU.
Calculations of mean total sediment loads in Flat Creek during 2019 and 2020 indicate substantially more suspended-sediment was in Flat Creek below the town of Jackson than above town. Mean total calculated suspended-sediment loads at the upstream streamgage were 26 percent in 2019 and 21 percent in 2020 of the mean total suspended-sediment loads at the downstream streamgage. For measurements occurring at the same time (coincident), mean calculated suspended-sediment loads entering the town of Jackson from Flat Creek were 39 percent in 2019 and 35 percent in 2020 of those loads exiting town in Flat Creek. Incorporating statistical model uncertainty, mean differences between predicted suspended-sediment loads could potentially be zero. The annual period of operations of the South Park Supply Ditch, which diverts water into Flat Creek from the Gros Ventre River, constituted between 91 and 90 percent of the total calculated suspended-sediment load at the upstream streamgage, and between 88 and 87 percent of the loads at the downstream streamgage for coincident periods of record in 2019 and 2020, respectively. However, in the absence of simultaneous continuous monitoring and resulting measurements at the outlet of the South Park Supply Ditch, no robust method was available to quantify suspended-sediment loads from the ditch.
A moving average filter was used to identify and isolate short-duration (minutes to hours) spikes in turbidity at the downstream streamgage that were likely caused by overland flow and urban runoff. Suspended-sediment loads during urban runoff constituted about 8 and 10 percent of the total calculated suspended-sediment loads at the downstream streamgage (Flat Creek below Cache Creek, near Jackson, Wyoming; U.S. Geological Survey streamgage 13018350), and 6 and 4 percent of the loads calculated for the record coincident with the upstream streamgage in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Estimated suspended-sediment loads at the upstream streamgage during urban runoff events for the coincident period of record constitute 32 and 40 percent of the total estimated suspended-sediment loads at the downstream streamgage in 2019 and 2020, respectively, indicating sediment loads from urban runoff may contribute less than 10 percent, even as little as 5 percent, of the total sediment load exiting the town of Jackson on Flat Creek. Estimation of the proportion of suspended-sediment loads at the upstream site that originate from the South Park Supply Ditch or Cache Creek can only be done with assumptions but have the potential to be equivalent to or greater than calculated suspended-sediment loads associated with urban runoff.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221103","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Teton Conservation District","programNote":"Water Mission Area","usgsCitation":"Alexander, J.S., Girard, C., Campbell, J., Ellison, C., Gosselin, E., and Smith, E., 2022, Using continuous measurements of turbidity to predict suspended-sediment concentrations, loads, and sources in Flat Creek through the town of Jackson, Wyoming, 2019−20 — A pilot study: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1103, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221103.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 29 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-136294","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409367,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":409366,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1103/images"},{"id":409364,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1103/ofr20221103.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.97 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022–1103"},{"id":409365,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1103/ofr20221103.XML"},{"id":409363,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1103/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":501840,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_113833.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","city":"Jackson","otherGeospatial":"Flat Creek drainage basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.72880406891166,\n 43.5011735765672\n ],\n [\n -110.8241704639435,\n 43.5011735765672\n ],\n [\n -110.8241704639435,\n 43.42146497765464\n ],\n [\n -110.72880406891166,\n 43.42146497765464\n ],\n [\n -110.72880406891166,\n 43.5011735765672\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
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Diel migrations of zooplanktons occur in marine and freshwater systems and can complicate inferences from studies. If populations perform vertical or horizontal diel migrations, daytime-only sampling can mischaracterize distributions and abundances. Zooplanktons also often display reduced capture avoidance at night and occupy areas easier to sample near the surface and away from littoral structure and the benthos. We examined zooplankton abundance, water column position and taxonomic composition during daytime and nighttime new moon periods using discrete depth sampling in oligo-mesotrophic reservoirs in Oregon, USA. These reservoirs have limited littoral structures, but support populations of zooplanktivorous fishes that we expected to drive diel vertical migrations. Contrary to our expectations, at night, most zooplankton taxa were within 2 m of their daytime distributional peak and did not display differences in abundance from day to night sampling. We consider factors that may help predict whether diel vertical migration occurs in a system. Where daytime sampling is sufficient to characterize zooplankton densities and distributions, costs and risks specific to nighttime sampling may be avoided. Improving our knowledge of zooplankton dynamics, particularly in ecosystems with limited diurnal variability, is an important part of understanding lake and reservoir food webs and can optimize the efforts of future studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbac060","usgsCitation":"Murphy, C.A., Pollock, A., Strecker, A., and Johnson, S., 2022, Minimal diel vertical migration and consistent zooplankton capturability in low productivity reservoirs, Oregon: Journal of Plankton Research, v. 45, no. 1, p. 129-143, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbac060.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"143","ipdsId":"IP-139496","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480821,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 15.655851549884602,\n -18.75382547428198\n ],\n [\n 15.655851549884602,\n -19.249215511439346\n ],\n [\n 16.38844485420617,\n -19.249215511439346\n ],\n [\n 16.38844485420617,\n -18.75382547428198\n ],\n [\n 15.655851549884602,\n -18.75382547428198\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.0633606101373,\n 44.269992095891666\n ],\n [\n -124.0633606101373,\n 42.39409168498733\n ],\n [\n -120.52405819050216,\n 42.39409168498733\n ],\n [\n -120.52405819050216,\n 44.269992095891666\n ],\n [\n -124.0633606101373,\n 44.269992095891666\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Christina Amy 0000-0002-3467-6610","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3467-6610","contributorId":335232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"Amy","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, Amanda M.M.","contributorId":349014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Amanda M.M.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strecker, Angela","contributorId":349015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strecker","given":"Angela","affiliations":[{"id":12723,"text":"Western Washington University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Sherri L.","contributorId":349016,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Sherri L.","affiliations":[{"id":81962,"text":"Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70238581,"text":"70238581 - 2022 - Response of soil respiration to changes in soil temperature and water table level in drained and restored peatlands of the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-30T12:34:57.759355","indexId":"70238581","displayToPublicDate":"2022-11-19T06:32:07","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1183,"text":"Carbon Balance and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of soil respiration to changes in soil temperature and water table level in drained and restored peatlands of the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"Extensive drainage of peatlands in the southeastern United States coastal plain for the purposes of agriculture and timber harvesting has led to large releases of soil carbon as carbon dioxide (CO2) due to enhanced peat decomposition. Growth in mechanisms that provide financial incentives for reducing emissions from land use and land-use change could increase funding for hydrological restoration that reduces peat CO2 emissions from these ecosystems. Measuring soil respiration and physical drivers across a range of site characteristics and land use histories is valuable for understanding how CO2 emissions from peat decomposition may respond to raising water table levels. We combined measurements of total soil respiration, depth to water table from soil surface, and soil temperature from drained and restored peatlands at three locations in eastern North Carolina and one location in southeastern Virginia to investigate relationships among total soil respiration and physical drivers, and to develop models relating total soil respiration to parameters that can be easily measured and monitored in the field.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1186/s13021-022-00219-5","usgsCitation":"Swails, E.E., Ardon, M., Krauss, K., Peralta, A., Emmanuel, R.E., Helton, A., Morse, J., Gutenberg, L., Cormier, N., Shoch, D., Settlemyer, S., Soderholm, E., Boutin, B.P., Peoples, C., and Ward, S., 2022, Response of soil respiration to changes in soil temperature and water table level in drained and restored peatlands of the southeastern United States: Carbon Balance and Management, v. 17, 18, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-022-00219-5.","productDescription":"18, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127982","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-022-00219-5","text":"Publisher Index 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transient contamination events from rapid infiltration into shallow fractured-rock aquifers in agricultural regions of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-30T20:43:09.148544","indexId":"ofr20221093","displayToPublicDate":"2022-11-18T11:23:00","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-1093","displayTitle":"Mapping Areas of Groundwater Susceptible to Transient Contamination Events from Rapid Infiltration into Shallow Fractured-Rock Aquifers in Agricultural Regions of the Conterminous United States","title":"Mapping areas of groundwater susceptible to transient contamination events from rapid infiltration into shallow fractured-rock aquifers in agricultural regions of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Current time-invariant groundwater vulnerability assessments may not capture intermittent contamination events in landscape areas that experience rapid infiltration following precipitation or snowmelt. Occurrences of rapid infiltration and intermittent degradation of groundwater quality are frequently reported in fractured-rock aquifers. This investigation identifies landscape areas underlain by fractured rock within the conterminous United States (CONUS) that may be susceptible to rapid infiltration and where groundwater is a principal source of water supply to the population. Our analysis shows that approximately 27 percent of the CONUS, corresponding to a population of approximately 150 million people, is both underlain by fractured rock and denoted as an area of significant groundwater use.
The results of this survey identified shallow fractured-rock aquifers underlying glacial sediments in the upper Midwest and northeastern United States as areas that may be subject to rapid infiltration events. Additionally, aquifers associated with the early Mesozoic basins located in the northeastern and mid-Atlantic United States and bands of carbonate aquifers in the southeastern United States show high susceptibility to rapid infiltration. Index values used in this investigation indicate isolated areas in the western half of the United States also show high susceptibility to rapid infiltration. The isolated areas in Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, and southwestern Missouri correspond to karst regions of carbonate aquifers. The isolated areas showing high susceptibility to rapid infiltration and contamination from agricultural sources are locations where more detailed investigations of transient contamination events are warranted.
This survey also addresses the potential for contaminant longevity in fractured-rock aquifers stemming from intermittent contamination events. Contaminants that can dissolve into the groundwater following infiltration may be introduced into fractures, and the dissolved constituents can diffuse from fractures into the porosity of the adjacent rock matrix. These constituents can then diffuse back into permeable fractures and adversely affect groundwater quality at downgradient locations over an extended time frame. Rock types with larger matrix porosities have the capacity to retain and then release larger quantities of dissolved constituents, resulting in longer residence times for dissolved groundwater contaminants. The magnitude of the dissolved contaminant concentration infiltrating to the water table will also dictate whether the contaminant concentration in the groundwater exceeds limits for human consumption over the duration of a contamination event.
In general, sedimentary- and carbonate-rock aquifers have larger matrix porosities in comparison to igneous- and metamorphic-rock aquifers, and thus, they are more susceptible to longer contaminant residence times. Aquifers composed of sedimentary or carbonate rock constitute approximately 51 percent of the CONUS, and 19 percent of the CONUS is associated with sedimentary- or carbonate-rock aquifers that are of significance for groundwater use. Depending on the contaminants of concern and the concentration of the contaminants introduced into the groundwater from infiltrating water, it would be beneficial for investigations of susceptibility to rapid infiltration to also consider the potential for contaminant longevity.
This investigation identifies areas of rapid infiltration into fractured rock using index values applied to the attributes (1) depth to the water table, (2) depth to bedrock, and (3) percentage of sand in soil, where larger index values indicate a greater susceptibility to rapid infiltration. These attributes are selected as the most likely factors that affect rapid infiltration to the water table. The combination of depth to water table and depth to bedrock highlight those aquifer settings that are characterized as shallow fractured-rock aquifers, where the water table may reside either in the bedrock or in overlying unconsolidated geologic materials. In addition, we consider the percentage of agricultural use as a land-use attribute when formulating an index of susceptibility to rapid infiltration and contamination. Agricultural areas are well recognized as nonpoint sources of contaminants that can affect groundwater quality because of seasonal amendments applied to the land surface. Rural agricultural areas are also characterized by septic tanks and leach fields for onsite treatment of wastewater, which may also be a source of contamination that may be introduced into the groundwater following precipitation or snowmelt events.
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U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Table Rock Lake was completed in 1958 on the White River in southwestern Missouri and northwestern Arkansas for flood control, hydroelectric power, public water supply, and recreation. The surface area of Table Rock Lake is about 42,400 acres, and about 715 miles of shoreline are at the conservation pool level (915 feet above the North American Vertical Datum of 1988). Sedimentation in reservoirs can result in reduced water storage capacity and a reduction in usable aquatic habitat; therefore, accurate and up-to-date estimates of reservoir water capacity are important for managing pool levels, power generation, recreation, and downstream aquatic habitat. Many of the lakes operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers are periodically surveyed to monitor bathymetric changes that affect water capacity. In October and November 2020, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, completed one such survey of Table Rock Lake using a multibeam echosounder. The echosounder data were combined with U.S. Geological Survey 1/3 arc-second digital elevation model data and light detection and ranging (lidar) data, where present, to prepare a bathymetric map and a surface area and capacity table up to the flood pool elevation of 931 feet above the North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3499","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Southwestern Division, Little Rock District","usgsCitation":"Huizinga, R.J., Rivers, B.C., and Richards, J.M., 2022, Bathymetric map and surface area and capacity table for Table Rock Lake near Branson, Missouri, 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3499, 3 sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3499.","productDescription":"3 Sheets: 40.00 × 48.00 inches or smaller; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-137684","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501939,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_113828.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":409452,"rank":8,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sim3499/full","text":"Report"},{"id":409450,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FAFJZG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Bathymetric and supporting data for Table Rock Lake near Branson, Missouri, 2020"},{"id":409449,"rank":6,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3499/images"},{"id":409448,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3499/sim3499.XML"},{"id":409447,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3499/sim3499_sheet03.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","size":"3.43 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3499 sheet 3"},{"id":409446,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3499/sim3499_sheet02.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"3.13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3499 sheet 2"},{"id":409445,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3499/sim3499_sheet01.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"4.77 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3499 sheet 1"},{"id":409444,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3499/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Branson","otherGeospatial":"Table Rock Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.46162698604762,\n 36.673080825378904\n ],\n [\n -93.46162698604762,\n 36.45192970827965\n ],\n [\n -93.25043226339268,\n 36.45192970827965\n ],\n [\n -93.25043226339268,\n 36.673080825378904\n ],\n [\n -93.46162698604762,\n 36.673080825378904\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
Soil moisture directly affects operational hydrology, food security, ecosystem services, and the climate system. However, the adoption of soil moisture data has been slow due to inconsistent data collection, poor standardization, and typically short record duration. Soil moisture, or quantitatively volumetric soil water content (SWC), is measured using buried, in situ sensors that infer SWC from an electromagnetic response. This signal can vary considerably with local site conditions such as clay content and mineralogy, soil salinity or bulk electrical conductivity, and soil temperature; each of these can have varying impacts depending on the sensor technology.,
Furthermore, poor soil contact and sensor degradation can affect the quality of these readings over time. Unlike more traditional environmental sensors, there are no accepted standards, maintenance practices, or quality controls for SWC data. As such, SWC is a challenging measurement for many environmental monitoring networks to implement. Here, we attempt to establish a community-based standard of practice for in situ SWC sensors so that future research and applications have consistent guidance on site selection, sensor installation, data interpretation, and long-term maintenance of monitoring stations.,
The videography focuses on a multi-agency consensus of best-practices and recommendations for the installation of in situ SWC sensors. This paper presents an overview of this protocol along with the various steps essential for high-quality and long-term SWC data collection. This protocol will be of use to scientists and engineers hoping to deploy a single station or an entire network.
","language":"English","publisher":"MyJoVE Corporation","doi":"10.3791/64498","usgsCitation":"Caldwell, T., Cosh, M.H., Evett, S.R., Edwards, N., Hofman, H., Illston, B., Meyers, T.P., Skumanich, M., and Sutcliffe, K., 2022, In situ soil moisture sensors in undisturbed soils: Journal of Visualized Experiments, no. 189, e64498, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3791/64498.","productDescription":"e64498, 35 p.","ipdsId":"IP-131823","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/62072","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":409993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"189","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caldwell, Todd 0000-0003-4068-0648","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-0648","contributorId":217924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Todd","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cosh, Michael H.","contributorId":146998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cosh","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evett, Steven R. 0000-0003-3418-5771","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3418-5771","contributorId":244949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evett","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":18168,"text":"USDA ARS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, Nathan","contributorId":260132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edwards","given":"Nathan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hofman, Heather","contributorId":260134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hofman","given":"Heather","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52518,"text":"USDA NRCS National Climate Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Illston, Bradley","contributorId":299264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Illston","given":"Bradley","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7062,"text":"University of Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meyers, Tilden P.","contributorId":146138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyers","given":"Tilden","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16598,"text":"NOAA/ATDD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Skumanich, Marina","contributorId":260137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skumanich","given":"Marina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52519,"text":"NOAA National Integrated Drought Information System","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sutcliffe, Kent","contributorId":299265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutcliffe","given":"Kent","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36658,"text":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70257255,"text":"70257255 - 2022 - Rainforest carnivore ecology in a managed forest reserve: Differential seasonal correlates between habitat components and relative abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-14T12:04:58.815419","indexId":"70257255","displayToPublicDate":"2022-11-18T07:04:02","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rainforest carnivore ecology in a managed forest reserve: Differential seasonal correlates between habitat components and relative abundance","docAbstract":"Studies of relationships between seasons and Neotropical carnivore distributions tend to focus on water and prey availability without considering other habitat components such as escape, foraging, and resting cover. Our goal was to evaluate habitat characteristics that may be important for predicting the seasonal (dry or rainy) relative abundance of four commonly captured Neotropical carnivores (i.e., jaguar [Panthera onca], puma [Puma concolor], ocelot [Leopardus pardalis], and grey fox [Urocyon cinereoargenteus]) in Chiquibul Forest Reserve in Belize, Central America. We used trail camera data and random-effect Poisson models to investigate how prey ratios (number of prey detections/total detections), cover (e.g., logs and stumps used for hiding cover from predators), vegetation structure, and environmental site characteristics (e.g., site harvest-history, slope, aspect) were related to carnivore relative abundance. Both prey ratios and vegetation structure appeared in supported models more frequently than other environmental site characteristics and were negatively correlated with carnivore relative abundance. Supported models differed for each season for all species except jaguars for which mammalian prey ratios and prey cover at sites was always negatively correlated with jaguar relative abundance. Carnivores appeared to avoid sites where vegetation created ideal escape and hiding cover for prey even though prey may be less abundant. Our data suggest that vegetation structure and composition can create conditions conducive to carnivore foraging and that these characteristics can differ by season in the tropics.
Imaging sonar was used to assess the behavior, abundance, and timing of fish at the entrances to the Selective Water Withdrawal (SWW) intake structure located in the forebay of Round Butte Dam, Oregon during the spring of 2021. The purposes of the SWW are (1) to direct surface currents in the forebay to attract and collect downriver migrating juvenile salmonid smolts (Chinook salmon [Oncorhynchus tshawytscha], sockeye salmon [O. nerka], and steelhead [O. mykiss]) from Lake Billy Chinook and (2) to enable operators of the SWW to withdraw water from surface and benthic elevations in the reservoir to manage downriver water temperatures. Part of the evaluation, to determine how well the structure performs at collecting juvenile salmonids, needs (A) to regularly assess how fish are approaching the entrance, and (B) to determine if operational flows could be optimized to increase the attraction of smolts present in the forebay of Lake Billy Chinook. The primary goals of this study were (1) to assess the abundance and behaviors of smolt-size fish observed near the SWW and (2) to provide data of the effect of two-night generation operation timing conditions on movements and behaviors of fish near the entrance to the SWW structure. The purpose of this assessment is to improve downstream passage solutions.
Two imaging sonar units were deployed during the spring 2021 smolt out-migration period. One unit monitored fish movements near the south entrance and one unit monitored movements near the north entrance of the SWW. Both smolt and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus)-size fish were regularly observed near the entrances with greater abundances observed during night, corresponding with greater discharge through the SWW than during the day when discharge was reduced. Differences in fish abundance were observed between the night generation operation timing conditions, with increased fish counts observed when elevated discharge was extended to 6:00 a.m., rather than when discharges have been traditionally reduced in the early morning at 4:00 a.m. Fish of all size groups were primarily observed near the center of the SWW, and greater abundances of fish were observed at the south entrance. Increased counts of bull trout-size fish coincided with the increased abundances of smolt-size fish. Overall, the results indicate that (A) smolt-size fish were more abundant near the entrance of the SWW during periods of increased discharge, (B) bull trout-size fish were present at the SWW, and (C) fish were more numerous at the SWW when night generation operation timing was extended later into the morning hours rather than the traditional operation timing flow reduction.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221098","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Portland General Electric","usgsCitation":"Smith, C.D., and Hatton, T.W., 2022, Evaluation of fish behavior at the entrances to a Selective Water Withdrawal structure in Lake Billy Chinook, Oregon, 2021: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1098, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221098.","productDescription":"viii, 28 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-139510","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409425,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1098/images"},{"id":409424,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20221098/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2022-1098"},{"id":409423,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1098/ofr20221098.pdf","text":"Report","size":"36.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1098"},{"id":409422,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1098/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":409426,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1098/ofr20221098.XML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Lake Billy Chinook","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.5557866634069,\n 44.75388913871075\n ],\n [\n -121.5557866634069,\n 44.38885839267408\n ],\n [\n -121.07886358532556,\n 44.38885839267408\n ],\n [\n -121.07886358532556,\n 44.75388913871075\n ],\n [\n -121.5557866634069,\n 44.75388913871075\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
Small surface-release dams are prevalent across North American watersheds and can alter stream flow, thermal regimes, nutrient dynamics, and sediment transport. These dams are often implicated as a cause of negative water quality impacts—including reduced dissolved oxygen (DO)—and dam removal is increasingly employed to restore natural stream processes and improve DO. However, published impacts of small dams on DO vary widely across sites, and even less is known about the extent and timescale of DO recovery following removal. Therefore, we sought to quantify the effects of small dams and dam removal on DO and determine the dam, stream, and watershed characteristics driving inter-site variation in responses. We deployed continuous data loggers for 3 weeks during summer months in upstream (reference), impoundment, and downstream reaches at each of 15 dammed sites and collected equivalent data at 10 of those sites following dam removal. Prior to dam removal, most sites (60%) experienced a decrease in DO (an average of 1.15 mg/L lower) within the impoundment relative to upstream, but no consistent impacts on diel ranges or on downstream reaches. Before dam removal, 5 impacted stream reaches experienced minimum DO levels below acceptable water quality standards (<5 mg/L); after dam removal, 4 of 5 of these reaches met DO standards. Sites with wider impoundments relative to upstream widths and sites located in watersheds with more cultivated land experienced the greatest decreases in impoundment DO relative to upstream. Within one year following dam removal, impoundment DO recovered to upstream reference conditions at 80% of sites, with the magnitude of recovery strongly related to the magnitude of pre-removal impacts. These data suggest that broadly, small dams negatively affect stream DO, and the extent of effects are modulated by impoundment geometry and watershed characteristics. These results may help practitioners to prioritize restoration efforts at those sites where small dams are having outsized impacts, and therefore where the greatest water quality benefits may occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0277647","usgsCitation":"Abbott, K., Zaidel, P., Roy, A.H., Houle, K., and Nislow, K., 2022, Investigating impacts of small dams and dam removal on dissolved oxygen in streams: PLoS ONE, v. 17, no. 11, e0277647, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277647.","productDescription":"e0277647, 23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-143494","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277647","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":466019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70238663,"text":"70238663 - 2022 - An economic perspective on the relationship between wilderness and water resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T13:30:12.548533","indexId":"70238663","displayToPublicDate":"2022-11-17T07:27:29","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"chapter":"8","title":"An economic perspective on the relationship between wilderness and water resources","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A perpetual flow of benefits: Wlderness economic values in an evolving, multicultural society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service","doi":"10.2737/WO-GTR-101","usgsCitation":"Meldrum, J., and Huber, C., 2022, An economic perspective on the relationship between wilderness and water resources, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.2737/WO-GTR-101.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"168","ipdsId":"IP-097095","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2737/wo-gtr-101","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":409989,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meldrum, James R. 0000-0001-5250-3759 jmeldrum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-3759","contributorId":195484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meldrum","given":"James","email":"jmeldrum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":858222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huber, Christopher 0000-0001-8446-8134 chuber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8446-8134","contributorId":127600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"Christopher","email":"chuber@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":858223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70242817,"text":"70242817 - 2022 - Economic consequences of the HayWired earthquake scenario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-25T14:57:57.148278","indexId":"70242817","displayToPublicDate":"2022-11-16T09:54:23","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Economic consequences of the HayWired earthquake scenario","docAbstract":"This study evaluates the economic impacts of a Mw7.0 Hayward fault scenario earthquake on the greater San Francisco Bay Region’s economy and the California economy as a whole using a detailed multiregional, static computable general equilibrium model. Economic impacts in terms of Gross Regional Product (GRP) losses caused by both capital stock (building and content) damages and water and electricity utilities, and telecommunications-service disruptions are estimated. The results indicate that the total losses are primarily caused by capital stock damages. In the 6 months following the earthquake, total GRP losses are estimated to be $44.2 billion (4.2 percent of California’s projected baseline GRP over the period), but this result could be reduced by about 43 percent to $25.3 billion after factoring in microeconomic resilience tactics. The GRP losses associated with lifeline service disruptions are estimated to be $1.4 billion, which can be reduced by over 85 percent when resilience tactics are implemented. The most effective tactics are the ability to make up lost production by people working overtime or extra shifts (production recapture), making greater use of processes that do not need disrupted goods or services (production isolation), and substituting for disrupted supplies and services (input substitution), though their impact varies across the various causal factors influencing GRP losses.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lifelines 2022","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Lifelines 2022","conferenceDate":"Jan 31-Feb 11, 2022","conferenceLocation":"Virtual","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/9780784484449.046","usgsCitation":"Sue Wing, I., Wei, D., Rose, A., and Wein, A., 2022, Economic consequences of the HayWired earthquake scenario, in Lifelines 2022, Virtual, Jan 31-Feb 11, 2022, p. 523-533, https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784484449.046.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"533","ipdsId":"IP-132809","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416239,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.98386509807902,\n 38.40622823110516\n ],\n [\n -122.98386509807902,\n 36.891902309301216\n ],\n [\n -121.44288105987195,\n 36.891902309301216\n ],\n [\n -121.44288105987195,\n 38.40622823110516\n ],\n [\n -122.98386509807902,\n 38.40622823110516\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sue Wing, Ian","contributorId":304246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sue Wing","given":"Ian","affiliations":[{"id":13570,"text":"Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wei, Dan","contributorId":248873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wei","given":"Dan","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rose, Adam","contributorId":248874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rose","given":"Adam","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70239026,"text":"70239026 - 2022 - Assessing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in sediments and fishes in a large, urbanized estuary and the potential human health implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T12:47:15.319137","indexId":"70239026","displayToPublicDate":"2022-11-15T06:44:24","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3912,"text":"Frontiers in Marine Science","onlineIssn":"2296-7745","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in sediments and fishes in a large, urbanized estuary and the potential human health implications","docAbstract":"The primary source of chronic exposures to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in humans is through the ingestion of contaminated foods and drinking water, with fish and other seafood being a major contributor. Nevertheless, there is scant literature on the dietary exposure to PFASs for the general United States (U.S.) population. The Tampa Bay (Florida, USA) region has the highest population density in the State and communities and their attendant support services are arrayed in an urban to semi-rural continuum from the head of the Bay to the ocean mouth. Tampa Bay supports productive recreational and commercial fisheries, providing a diverse community of species. A variety of potential PFAS sources surround Tampa Bay including airports, industry, wastewater treatment plants, fire-fighting training areas and military installations. The objective of this study is to quantify PFASs in sediment and fishes collected from Tampa Bay to further estimate human health risks from dietary exposures. Sediment (n = 17) and fish (24 species, n = 140) were collected throughout Tampa Bay in 2020 and 2021 and analyzed for 25 PFAS compounds. Concentrations of PFASs in sediments and edible tissues of fish ranged from 36.8 to 2,990 ng kg-1 (dry weight) and 307 to 33,600 ng kg-1 (wet weight), respectively. Generally, levels were highest in Old Tampa Bay and decreased south towards the Gulf of Mexico. Profiles in both matrices were generally dominated by perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) with variations by location. Estimated human health risks from the consumption of contaminated fish collected in Tampa Bay exceeded concentration thresholds for minimum risk levels (MRLs) and tolerable weekly intake (TWIs) values for adults and youths. Additionally, concentrations of PFOS in edible fish tissues of several recreationally important species collected in Tampa Bay exceeded consumption guideline levels established by several governmental agencies. In the current context, the elevated levels of PFAS in Tampa Bay and the exceedances of available thresholds for potential human health risks are a cause for concern and justify a more intensive examination especially for more heavily utilized species, particularly those used in subsistence-level fishing, which, as elsewhere may be significantly under documented.
The Great Valley fault system defines the tectonic boundary between the Coast Ranges and the Central Valley in California, is active throughout the Quaternary, and has been the source of several significant (M > 6) historic earthquakes, including the 1983 M 6.5 Coalinga earthquake and the 1892 Vacaville–Winters earthquake sequence. However, the locations and geometries of individual faults in the Great Valley fault system are poorly constrained, and fault slip rates and paleoearthquake chronology are largely unknown. Here, we report geomorphic and subsurface geophysical evidence of surface‐deforming displacement on a strand of the Great Valley fault system west of Winters, California. Detailed geomorphic mapping and a high‐resolution seismic reflection and tomography survey along an ∼800 m profile across the Bigelow Hills document a fault, which we call the West Winters strand of the Great Valley fault system, with apparent east side‐up displacement of surficial geologic units. These data together suggest that the West Winters strand is active in the latest Quaternary. Together with local reports from the time, this raises the possibility that the West Winters strand may have ruptured and deformed the surface during the 1892 M 6 Vacaville–Winters earthquake sequence. Future earthquakes with vertical displacement on this and Great Valley fault system structures could have significant hazard implications, given the region’s low relief and the presence of major water conveyance infrastructure.
Understanding habitat use and nursery areas of larval fish is a key component to managing and conserving riverine fishes. Yet, freshwater researchers often focus only on adult fishes, resulting in a limited understanding of the habitat requirements for the early life stages of freshwater fishes. The goal of this study was to quantify the larval fish microhabitat use of three fish families in Twelvemile Creek, a fifth-order tributary of Lake Hartwell (Savannah River basin) in the Piedmont ecoregion of South Carolina, USA. We used handheld dipnets to sample larval fishes along 20 equidistant transects spaced 10 m apart weekly from May to July 2021 along a 200 m stream reach. We also collected microhabitat data at each larval fish capture location. Most captured individuals were in the metalarval stage and were identified to the family level. A partial distance-based redundancy analysis indicated that water velocity contributed to changes in larval fish assemblage structure. Larval fishes occupied a subset of the available habitat that was characterized by low water velocity, non-Podostemum substrate, and shallow habitats close to the shore or bed rock structure. We also detected temporal patterns in larval fish counts, with peak Percidae and Leuciscidae counts in late July and the highest Catostomidae counts in late May–early June. Our results suggest that larval fishes select habitats with low water velocity and shallow habitats close to shore microhabitat characteristics, and that riffle-pool sequences may serve as a nursery habitat for Percidae, Catostomidae and Leuciscidae metalarvae.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2022.2144957","usgsCitation":"Bower, L.M., and Peoples, B., 2022, Microhabitat use of larval fish in a South Carolina Piedmont stream: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 37, no. 1, p. 583-596, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2022.2144957.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"583","endPage":"596","ipdsId":"IP-144322","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2022.2144957","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433114,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Twelvemile Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.03663027265466,\n 34.94019201717681\n ],\n [\n -83.03663027265466,\n 34.54806571836822\n ],\n [\n -82.48826562971826,\n 34.54806571836822\n ],\n [\n -82.48826562971826,\n 34.94019201717681\n ],\n [\n -83.03663027265466,\n 34.94019201717681\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bower, Luke Max 0000-0002-0739-858X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0739-858X","contributorId":341034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bower","given":"Luke","email":"","middleInitial":"Max","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peoples, B.K.","contributorId":341333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peoples","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70238160,"text":"70238160 - 2022 - GCPs free photogrammetry for estimating tree height and crown diameter in Arizona cypress plantation using UAV-Mounted GNSS RTK","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-15T12:55:04.571611","indexId":"70238160","displayToPublicDate":"2022-11-12T06:53:06","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1689,"text":"Forests","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GCPs free photogrammetry for estimating tree height and crown diameter in Arizona cypress plantation using UAV-Mounted GNSS RTK","docAbstract":"In most birds, parental incubation of eggs is necessary for embryo development and survival. Using a combination of weekly nest visits, temperature dataloggers, infrared video cameras, and GPS tracking of hens, we documented several instances of duck eggs hatching after being abandoned by the incubating female. Of 2826 Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and Gadwall (Mareca strepera) nests monitored 2015–2019 in Suisun Marsh, California, 48 (1.7%) were abandoned during late incubation (≥ 20 days). Of these, we identified six (12.5%) where at least one egg hatched 2–9 days after abandonment. In all six cases, eggshell membranes were found in the nest (indicating hatch), and ducklings were observed at three nests. Abandoned nests were unattended for an average of 5.9 days before eggs hatched; during this time, mean nest temperatures (23.6°C–29.0°C) were substantially lower than before nest abandonment (31.7°C–36.4°C). We estimated that abandonment resulted in a 9% longer time period between clutch completion and hatch (0–4 days longer) and a lower rate of egg hatching success (36%). Our results provide evidence that some older embryos (≥ 20 days) in mild climates can survive without parental incubation for several days and continue to develop (at a reduced rate) to the point of successfully hatching.
The daily nest-survival rates of Red-billed Tropicbirds (Phaethon aethereus) were estimated over six breeding seasons on St. Eustatius in the Caribbean. We analyzed 338 nesting attempts between 2013 and 2020. The daily survival rate (DSR) of tropicbird nests was modeled as a function of nest initiation date, sea surface temperature (SST), elevation, vegetation in front of the nest, and year. Yearly nest survival rates (± SE) of the best fitting models ranged from 0.21 ± 0.06–0.74 ± 0.13 (n = 338 nests). DSR of the most parsimonious models averaged 0.39 ± 0.04 during the incubation period, 0.83 ± 0.05 during the chick-rearing period, and 0.30 ± 0.04 during the nesting period (incubation through fledging) when data were pooled across all years. Models with linear and quadratic trends of nest initiation date combined with SST and elevation received strong support in the incubation and nesting periods. Nests initiated in peak nesting season, when SSTs were lower, had higher DSR estimates than nests initiated early or late in the season. Compared to studies of the same species from Saba and the Gulf of California, survival probability on St. Eustatius was lower during the incubation stage but higher during the chick-rearing period. Similar to populations in the Gulf of California, tropicbird reproduction differed and laying date varied among years, and survival was influenced by SST. Our results are consistent with a study on White-tailed Tropicbirds (Phaethon lepturus) in Bermuda which found that survival was affected by temporal factors rather than physical site characteristics. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the factors that influence Red-billed Tropicbird survival on a small Caribbean island.
The research described in this report was conducted as part of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration process in the Big River. Our purpose was to compare habitat features and landscape factors that may be important for the establishment and persistence of mussel concentrations between the Big River and the adjacent Bourbeuse and Meramec rivers, thereby testing their appropriateness as reference systems for establishing baseline expectations of mussel populations in the absence of mining impacts for the Big River. Based on these comparisons and a published model dileneating suitable habitat for freshwater mussels, we establish expected baseline conditions related to suitable freshwater mussel habitat in the Big River to assist injury determination for mining-related impacts in the Southeast Missouri Lead Mining District Natural Resource Damage Assessment case.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Rosenberger, A.E., and Lindner, G.A., 2022, Use of a riverscape-scale model of fundamental physical habitat requirements for freshwater mussels to quantify mussel declines in a mining-contaminated stream: The Big River, Old Lead Belt, Southeast Missouri: Cooperator Science Series FWS/CSS-147-2022, ii, 32 p.","productDescription":"ii, 32 p.","ipdsId":"IP-132994","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431949,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/media/use-riverscape-scale-model-fundamental-physical-habitat-requirements-freshwater-mussels"},{"id":433629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Big River watershed, Bourbeuse River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.34550598548627,\n 38.669645646671654\n ],\n [\n -91.90534506180033,\n 38.65386249841083\n ],\n [\n -91.86155171390972,\n 37.44368900102869\n ],\n [\n -90.22760081808802,\n 37.470421694633586\n ],\n [\n -90.34550598548627,\n 38.669645646671654\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberger, Amanda E. 0000-0002-5520-8349 arosenberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5520-8349","contributorId":5581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Amanda","email":"arosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindner, Garth A.","contributorId":201828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindner","given":"Garth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36266,"text":"University of Missouri Cooperative Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70238049,"text":"sir20225102 - 2022 - Effect of uncertainty of discharge data on uncertainty of discharge simulation for the Lake Michigan Diversion, northeastern Illinois and northwestern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-11T17:47:08.905958","indexId":"sir20225102","displayToPublicDate":"2022-11-10T07:15:06","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-5102","displayTitle":"Effect of Uncertainty of Discharge Data on Uncertainty of Discharge Simulation for the Lake Michigan Diversion, Northeastern Illinois and Northwestern Indiana","title":"Effect of uncertainty of discharge data on uncertainty of discharge simulation for the Lake Michigan Diversion, northeastern Illinois and northwestern Indiana","docAbstract":"Simulation models of watershed hydrology (also referred to as “rainfall-runoff models”) are calibrated to the best available streamflow data, which are typically published discharge time series at the outlet of the watershed. Even after calibration, the model generally cannot replicate the published discharges because of simplifications of the physical system embedded in the model structure and uncertainties of the input data and of the estimated model parameters, which, although optimized for the given calibration data, remain uncertain. The input data errors are caused by uncertainties in the forcing data, such as precipitation and other climatological data, and in the published discharges used for calibration. In the numerical algorithms used for calibration, the published discharges are often assumed to be without error, but they are themselves uncertain, typically having been computed using ratings, which are models fitted to uncertain discharge measurements.
In this study, uncertainty of published daily discharge data and how the discharge uncertainty is transmitted to the parameter values of the Hydrological Simulation Program–FORTRAN (HSPF) rainfall-runoff model and to the simulated discharge at both calibration and prediction locations were investigated for the Lake Michigan diversion in northeastern Illinois and northwestern Indiana. The HSPF model used in this study is used by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as part of quantifying the diversion of water from Lake Michigan by the State of Illinois. In this study, the model is calibrated jointly at two watersheds in the study area; the resulting model is considered the base model in this study. Seven other gaged watersheds in the study area are used for testing predictive simulations. A Bayesian rating curve estimation (BaRatin) approach, the BaRatin stage-period-discharge (SPD) method, was used to estimate the uncertainty of the published discharge from the calibration watersheds. To characterize the effect of the discharge uncertainty on parameter values, the HSPF model parameters were recalibrated to 17 nonrandomly selected pairs of discharge series from the BaRatin SPD analysis. To provide an indicator of the effect of parameter uncertainty to compare to the effect of discharge uncertainty, 1,000 parameter sets also were randomly generated from the estimated parameter covariance matrix of the base model. The recalibrated and random parameter sets were then used in HSPF simulations of discharge at the two calibration watersheds and at the seven prediction watersheds. Selected discharge summary statistics—the period-of-study (POS, water years 1997 to 2015) mean discharge, selected flow-duration curve (FDC) quantiles, and water year mean discharges—are used to characterize the variability between simulated and published discharge.
A normalized variability index (VN) is used as a measure of the uncertainty of flow statistics arising from the uncertainty of the sources considered in this study. When this index is at least 1, the variability of the simulations is large enough to explain the median error between simulated and published values, although offsetting errors from other sources are also likely. When the index is appreciably less than 1, the variability of the simulations is clearly insufficient to explain the median error between simulated and published values. At the two calibration watersheds and for results of the two simulation sets considered together, the VN values ranged from 0.2 to 0.8 for POS mean discharge, from 0.3 to 0.6 in the median for a set of FDC quantiles, and from 0.1 to 0.2 in the median for water year mean discharges. These values indicate that substantial uncertainty remains unexplained. Even though two watersheds were used in calibration, that calibration was highly constrained because it was applied to the watersheds simultaneously and was subject to parameter regularization that constrained the adjustment of the parameters from their initial values. These constraints were applied to avoid overfitting to the calibration watersheds and thus to increase the likelihood that the resulting parameters would give accurate results at watersheds not used in the calibration, but they created a parameter transfer error in the calibration watershed results shown by the balancing of errors between the two watersheds. Additional remaining error sources include model structural error and meteorological forcing error to the degree that the calibration was unable to adjust the parameters to account for these errors. At the prediction watersheds, the corresponding VN values were almost always substantially lower than those values at the calibration watersheds. This result is expected because the prediction watersheds have additional uncertainty, including parameter transfer error.
The work described in this report provides preliminary estimates of a limited range of sources of error in predicted discharge uncertainty. Future work would be beneficial to obtain a better statistical characterization of the effect of the uncertainty of calibration discharge series and to address additional sources of uncertainty, such as from precipitation input data used in calibration and prediction and from structural (model) errors.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20225102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Chicago District","usgsCitation":"Soong, D.T., and Over, T.M., 2022, Effect of uncertainty of discharge data on uncertainty of discharge simulation for the Lake Michigan Diversion, northeastern Illinois and northwestern Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2022–5102, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225102.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 54 p.; 2 Data releases; Dataset","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-120412","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409202,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P97S2IID","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2011 Land Cover Conterminous United States"},{"id":409201,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UC21B0","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Models, inputs, and outputs for estimating the uncertainty of discharge simulations for the Lake Michigan Diversion using the Hydrological Simulation Program – FORTRAN model"},{"id":409196,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5102/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":409197,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5102/sir20225102.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.21 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2022–5102"},{"id":409198,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5102/sir20225102.XML"},{"id":409199,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5102/images"},{"id":409200,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS water data for the Nation"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.34881814497747,\n 42.492126793048925\n ],\n [\n -88.34881814497747,\n 41.20266079763215\n ],\n [\n -87.22772634687415,\n 41.20266079763215\n ],\n [\n -87.22772634687415,\n 42.492126793048925\n ],\n [\n -88.34881814497747,\n 42.492126793048925\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
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405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
Invasive marine species are well documented but options to manage them are limited. At Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (Central North Pacific), native invasive corallimorpharians, Rhodactis howesii, have smothered live native corals since 2007. Laboratory and field trials were conducted evaluating two control methods to remove R. howesii overgrowing the benthos at Palmyra Atoll (Palmyra): 1) paste mixed with chlorine, citric acid, or sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and 2) hot water. Paste mixed with NaOH had the most efficacious kill in mesocosm trials and resulted in > 90% kill over a 98 m² area three days after treatment. Hot water at 82°C was most effective in mesocosms; in the field hot water was less effective than paste but still resulted in a kill of ca. 75% over 100 m² three days after treatment. Costs of paste and heat (excluding capital equipment and costs of regulatory approval should this method be deployed large scale) were $70/m² and $59/m² respectively. Invasive R. howesii currently occupy ca 5,800,000 m² of reef at Palmyra with ca. 276,000 m² comprising heavily infested areas. Several potential management strategies are discussed based on costs of treatment, area covered, and the biology of the invasion. The methods described here expand the set of tools available to manage invasive species in complex marine habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"REABIC","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2022.13.4.02","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Breeden, R., Rameyer, R., Born, V., Clark, T., Rainal, J., Gillies, C., Rose, J., Wegmann, A., and Kropidlowski, S., 2022, Invasive corallimorpharians at Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge are no match for lye and heat: Management of Biological Invasions, v. 13, no. 4, p. 609-630, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2022.13.4.02.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"609","endPage":"630","ipdsId":"IP-142696","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445923,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2022.13.4.02","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QF4XDF","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data on invasive corallimorphs Palmyra"},{"id":409416,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.11434364318848,\n 5.865525058703975\n ],\n [\n -162.04078674316406,\n 5.865525058703975\n ],\n [\n -162.04078674316406,\n 5.896261485744235\n ],\n [\n -162.11434364318848,\n 5.896261485744235\n ],\n [\n -162.11434364318848,\n 5.865525058703975\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 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Alex","contributorId":299151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wegmann","given":"Alex","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kropidlowski, Stefan","contributorId":299153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kropidlowski","given":"Stefan","affiliations":[{"id":25470,"text":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70238101,"text":"ofr20221099 - 2022 - Growth, survival, and cohort formation of juvenile Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris) in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and Clear Lake Reservoir, California—2020 monitoring report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-08T18:08:44.657985","indexId":"ofr20221099","displayToPublicDate":"2022-11-09T14:46:26","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-1099","displayTitle":"Growth, Survival, and Cohort Formation of Juvenile Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) and Shortnose Suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris) in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and Clear Lake Reservoir, California—2020 Monitoring Report","title":"Growth, survival, and cohort formation of juvenile Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris) in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and Clear Lake Reservoir, California—2020 monitoring report","docAbstract":"Populations of federally endangered Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris) in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and Clear Lake Reservoir (hereinafter, Clear Lake), California, are experiencing long-term decreases in abundance. Upper Klamath Lake populations are decreasing not only because of adult mortality, which is relatively low, but also because they are not being balanced by recruitment of young adult suckers into known adult spawning aggregations.
Long-term monitoring of juvenile sucker populations is conducted to (1) determine if there are annual and species-specific differences in production, survival, and growth, (2) better understand when juvenile sucker mortality is greatest, and (3) help identify potential causes of high juvenile sucker mortality particularly in Upper Klamath Lake. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) monitoring program, begun in 2015, tracks cohorts through summer months and among years in Upper Klamath and Clear Lakes. Data on juvenile suckers captured in trap nets are used to provide information on annual variability in age-0 sucker apparent production, juvenile sucker apparent survival, apparent growth, species composition, and health.
Upper Klamath Lake indices of year-class strength suggest that the 2020 age-0 cohort is one of the lowest since standardized monitoring began. Despite apparently low over-winter survival, the relatively large 2019 cohort persisted in our 2020 samples and continues to contribute to the populations. Although the 2019 cohort age-0 suckers were composed mainly of Lost River suckers, the age-1 suckers from the 2019 cohort were mainly shortnose suckers. Lost River suckers comprised the largest proportion of the 2020 year-class and were only captured in July and August. Shortnose suckers were mainly captured in August and September and comprised a smaller proportion of the 2020 year-class.
Age distribution of suckers captured in Clear Lake indicates greater juvenile survival than in Upper Klamath Lake. Most juvenile suckers captured were age-3 and age-4 suckers classified as the combination of Klamath largescale suckers (Catostomus snyderi) and shortnose suckers from the Lost River Basin, from the 2016 and 2017 cohorts. A lack of age-0 suckers captured in Clear Lake during years with the low inflow or lake levels initially lead us to believe that low water prevented spawning and year class formation. However, recent data indicate that some cohorts that were not captured as age-0 suckers were detected in later years at age-1 or age-2. This finding indicates that juvenile suckers in Clear Lake may spend one or more years in the tributaries or that sampling efficacy for age-0 suckers varies among years because of water depth.
The first 5 years of this monitoring program indicated different patterns in recruitment and survival of juvenile suckers between Upper Klamath and Clear Lakes. Since the monitoring program began in 2015, age-0 sucker catch rates, interpreted as indices of year-class strength, were greatest in Upper Klamath Lake in 2016 and 2019. In those years Lost River suckers made up the majority of age-0 sucker catches; however, in 2017 and 2020 the age-1 sucker catches from these cohorts were mainly composed of shortnose suckers or suckers with genetic markers of both Klamath largescale and shortnose suckers, indicating a low overwinter survival for Lost River suckers even when the age-0 catches were high. Age-0 suckers do not fully recruit to our sampling gear in Upper Klamath Lake until August, experience high mortality by September, and are almost undetectable by the following July or August in most years. In Clear Lake, suckers frequently are not captured until age-1 or age-2 and annual survival appears much greater.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221099","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Martin, B.A., Kelsey, C.M., Burdick, S.M., and Bart, R.J., 2022, Growth, survival, and cohort formation of juvenile Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris) in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and Clear Lake Reservoir, California—2020 monitoring report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1099, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221099.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-141866","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409276,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20221099/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2022-1099"},{"id":409274,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1099/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":409278,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1099/ofr20221099.XML"},{"id":409277,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1099/images"},{"id":409275,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1099/ofr20221099.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1099"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake, Clear Lake Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.23841270893135,\n 42.66770378348696\n ],\n [\n -122.23841270893135,\n 41.77275507129002\n ],\n [\n -121.00794395893129,\n 41.77275507129002\n ],\n [\n -121.00794395893129,\n 42.66770378348696\n ],\n [\n -122.23841270893135,\n 42.66770378348696\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
The importance of thermal refuges in a rapidly warming world is particularly evident for migratory species, where individuals encounter a wide range of conditions throughout their lives. In this study, we used a spatially explicit, individual-based simulation model to evaluate the buffering potential of cold-water thermal refuges for anadromous salmon and trout (Oncorhynchus spp.) migrating upstream through a warm river corridor that can expose individuals to physiologically stressful temperatures. We considered upstream migration in relation to migratory phenotypes that were defined in terms of migration timing, spawn timing, swim speed, and use of cold-water thermal refuges. Individuals with different migratory phenotypes migrated upstream through riverine corridors with variable availability of cold-water thermal refuges and mainstem temperatures. Use of cold-water refuges (CWRs) decreased accumulated sublethal exposures to physiologically stressful temperatures when measured in degree-days above 20, 21, and 22°C. The availability of CWRs was an order of magnitude more effective in lowering accumulated sublethal exposures under current and future mainstem temperatures for summer steelhead than fall Chinook Salmon. We considered two emergent model outcomes, survival and percent of available energy used, in relation to thermal heterogeneity and migratory phenotype. Mean percent energy loss attributed to future warmer mainstem temperatures was at least two times larger than the difference in energy used in simulations without CWRs for steelhead and salmon. We also found that loss of CWRs reduced the diversity of energy-conserving migratory phenotypes when we examined the variability in entry timing and travel time outside of CWRs in relation to energy loss. Energy-conserving phenotypic space contracted by 7%–23% when CWRs were unavailable under the current thermal regime. Our simulations suggest that, while CWRs do not entirely mitigate for stressful thermal exposures in mainstem rivers, these features are important for maintaining a diversity of migration phenotypes. Our study suggests that the maintenance of diverse portfolios of migratory phenotypes and cool- and cold-water refuges might be added to the suite of policies and management actions presently being deployed to improve the likelihood of Pacific salmonid persistence into a future characterized by climate change.
The Big Lost River Basin, located in parts of Butte and Custer Counties in south-central Idaho, supports the communities surrounding the cities of Arco, Leslie, Mackay, and Moore and provides for agricultural resources that depend on a sustainable supply of surface water from the Big Lost River and its tributaries and groundwater from an unconfined aquifer. The aquifer, situated in a structurally controlled intermontane valley, is composed of unconsolidated alluvium, consolidated sedimentary and volcanic rocks, and younger interbedded volcanic rocks.
This report presents two separate groundwater budgets for the aquifer, one above and one below Mackay Dam, as well as a combined groundwater budget for the aquifer within the entire Big Lost River Basin. The budgets span a 20-year period (2000–19), characterizing average conditions, a dry year (2014), and a wet year (2017). The groundwater budgets will help address questions regarding the availability of groundwater supply in the Big Lost River Basin and inform future groundwater modeling. The Idaho Geological Survey has prepared the groundwater budgets as part of a larger hydrogeologic investigation completed by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Idaho Geological Survey in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources during 2018–21. Other reports describe the hydrogeologic framework and several streamflow-measurement events to evaluate gains and losses on the Big Lost River. Collectively, these reports provide an updated characterization of groundwater resources in the Big Lost River Basin which will help address water resources challenges.
A groundwater budget is a conceptual and numerical accounting of inflow (recharge) to groundwater and outflow (discharge) from groundwater. The predominant sources of recharge to the aquifer include losing river reaches (33 percent), areal recharge (as precipitation less evapotranspiration and surface runoff, comprising about 23 percent of the total inflow), tributary canyon underflow from higher altitudes (20 percent), canal seepage (13 percent), recharge through applied irrigation on fields below the root zone and other minor sources (11 percent), and Mackay Reservoir seepage (less than 1 percent). The primary sources of discharge from the aquifer are groundwater pumpage to meet irrigation demand, domestic supply, and municipal supply (76 percent) and gaining river reaches (24 percent).
The positive or negative difference between the sum of all inflows and outflows is regarded as the residual, representing the change in groundwater storage, groundwater outflow from the basin or subbasins, and uncertainty and errors in the budget. In the Big Lost River Basin, groundwater outflow is at the mouth of the basin below Arco into the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer.
The total mean annual estimated recharge to the Big Lost River Basin was 439,100 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr; 607 cubic feet per second [ft3/s]) for 2000–19, 373,900 acre-ft/yr (516 ft3/s) in 2014, and 762,100 acre-ft/yr (1,053 ft3/s) in 2017. The mean annual estimated groundwater discharge from the aquifer was about 112,300 acre-ft/yr (155 ft3/s) for 2000–19, 153,500 acre-ft/yr (212 ft3/s) in 2014, and 53,400 acre-ft/yr (74 ft3/s) in 2017. The estimated mean annual groundwater residual was 326,800 acre-ft/yr (451 ft3/s) for 2000–19, 220,400 acre-ft/yr (304 ft3/s) in 2014, and 708,700 acre-ft/yr (979 ft3/s) in 2017. The mean annual residual above Mackay Dam was 100,400 acre-ft/yr (2000-19), 96,700 acre-ft (2014), and 248,300 acre-ft (2017). The mean annual residual contribution below Mackay Dam, minus any groundwater-flow above Mackay Dam, was 226,400 acre-ft/yr (2000-19), 123,700 acre-ft (2014), and 460,400 acre-ft (2017).
These results are highly sensitive to assumptions about certain budget inflow parameters. In particular, the magnitude of the budget residuals during especially dry and wet periods is amplified by the groundwater-budget terms tributary streamflow and tributary underflow that contribute appreciable recharge but also have high uncertainty.
The results of the groundwater-budget evaluation describe an interconnected and complex hydrologic response throughout the basin to various climatic and water-use trends. The part of the basin above Mackay Dam typically has a positive groundwater residual derived from snowmelt recharge to tributary canyons and areal recharge in excess of groundwater pumpage for irrigation demand. This supply is used to meet irrigation demand above Mackay Dam and to provide for water supply below Mackay Dam. On average, groundwater inflow from above Mackay Dam to below Mackay Dam, assuming negligible reservoir storage effects, accounts for about 25 percent of the total groundwater recharge below Mackay Dam. Considerable recharge to groundwater below Mackay Dam occurs through seepage from the Big Lost River and canals and ditches. Most groundwater discharge from the aquifer is through irrigation pumping. The water supply below Mackay Dam is highly dependent on available upstream surface-water flows, the magnitude of the groundwater residual from above Mackay Dam, and annual variability in local groundwater conditions.
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U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road
Boise, Idaho 83702-4520
Construction and operation of dams provide sources of clean drinking water, support large-scale irrigation, generate hydroelectricity, control floods, and improve river navigation. Yet these benefits are not without cost. Dams affect the natural flow regime, downstream sediment fluxes, and riverine and riparian ecosystems. The Jemez Canyon Dam in New Mexico was constructed in 1953 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers with authorizations for flood control and sediment retention. Water managers of the dam use various operational techniques to restore peak streamflow, improve sediment management, and restore altered ecosystem processes, while maintaining the authorized purposes of the dam. This study focuses on four distinct reservoir management operation periods implemented at the Jemez Canyon Dam: (1) predam (pre-1953), (2) a seasonal 24-hour hold pool (1953–79), (3) a permanent pool (1979–2001), and (4) dry reservoir (2001–18).
Results of this study indicate successful flood control and reduction in peak instantaneous streamflow events following construction of the dam, specifically documented in 1958 and 2013. During the second water management operation period, moderate sediment retention (also defined as trap efficiency, which is the percentage of incoming sediments trapped within a reservoir during a given time) occurred (between 41.0 and 67.0 percent of sediments were retained). During the third period (1979–2001), between 61.2 and 99.8 percent of sediments were retained. During the fourth period (2001–18), at least 1,909 acre-feet of accumulated sediment were remobilized. The estimated dam trap efficiency during the fourth water management operation period was −37.2 percent, indicating that more sediments were being removed from the Jemez Canyon Reservoir than were being deposited. These remobilized sediments supplemented the natural sediment delivery in the Jemez River to the middle Rio Grande. The current (2022) dry reservoir operation allows sediment delivery during periods when flooding is not a concern while still providing flood control when needed.
Suspended-sediment particle size data indicate potential coarsening of suspended sediments during the fourth water management operation period, likely resulting from erosion of coarse bed sediments deposited in the reservoir. Suspended-sediment particle size data during the first and fourth water management operation periods indicate that finer sediment mobilized during monsoon season than during snowmelt. Also, suspended-sediment concentrations during the predam and post-hold pool periods indicate concentrations were higher during monsoon season than during snowmelt. Seasonal variations in suspended-sediment concentration and particle size may help dam managers make operational decisions by increasing the understanding of particle size, concentration, and variation of suspended sediment during a given year. The seasonality of suspended-sediment transport can also vary, depending not only on concentration and particle size, but on precipitation. The maximum annual suspended-sediment loads occurred during all three seasonal categories analyzed in this study: snowmelt, monsoon, and the remainder of the year. This indicates that, in addition to sediment particle size and concentration, understanding the variability of transport mechanisms of suspended-sediment load can also guide optimal water management operations at a dam.
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U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd. NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113