The Alamo breccia is probably the most voluminous known outcropping carbonate megabreccia. It occupies ~4000 km2 across 11 mountain ranges in southern Nevada, has an average thickness of ~70 m, and contains a volume of 250+ km3. The breccia is a single bed, of early Frasnian (early Late Devonian) age, that formed in the wake of a giant slide that deposited a lower chaotic debrite, containing clasts as large as 80 × 500 m, and an upper exquisitely graded turbidite. It is anomalously intercalated with cyclic shallow-water platform carbonates of the Guilmette Formation. The Alamo breccia is interpreted as a product of the Alamo event, a nearby marine impact of an extraterrestrial object, whereby impact-generated crustal shock waves and/or marine superwaves detached the upper ~60 m of platform along a horizontal surface. Loosened bedrock slid seaward across the platform, and some of it accumulated as the lower debrite. Rock-water exchange induced landward-propagated tsunami(s), whose uprush and/or backwash deposited the upper turbidite, partly above sea level. Evidence for impact includes shockedquartz grains, an iridium anomaly, and reworked conodonts, all found only within the breccia. Because the Alamo breccia is not known outside of Nevada, and because the early Frasnian time of the Alamo event is not noted for accelerated extinctions, being ~3 m.y. before the Frasnian-Famennian impact(s) and biotic crisis, the impact was probably only of moderate size.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","usgsCitation":"Warme, J.E., and Sandberg, C., 1996, Alamo megabreccia: Record of a late devonian impact in southern Nevada: GSA Today, v. 6, no. 1, p. 1-7.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Alamo breccia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.85607910156249,\n 36.712467243386264\n ],\n [\n -114.04907226562499,\n 36.712467243386264\n ],\n [\n -114.04907226562499,\n 39.04051963289309\n ],\n [\n -116.85607910156249,\n 39.04051963289309\n ],\n [\n -116.85607910156249,\n 36.712467243386264\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warme, John E.","contributorId":219722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warme","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":776070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandberg, Charles sandberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":199124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"Charles","email":"sandberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22554,"text":"ofr96316 - 1996 - Estimation of recharge through selected drainage wells and potential effects from well closure, Orange County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:58","indexId":"ofr96316","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-316","title":"Estimation of recharge through selected drainage wells and potential effects from well closure, Orange County, Florida","docAbstract":"Drainage wells have been used in Orange County, Florida, and surrounding areas to alleviate flooding and to control lake levels since 1904. Over 400 drainage wells have been drilled in the county, but many are now redundant because of surface drainage systems that have been installed within the last two or three decades. Most of the drainage wells emplace water into the Upper Floridan aquifer, a zone of high transmissivity within the Floridan aquifer system. In 1992, the Orange County Stormwater Management Department identified 23 wells that were considered noncritical or redundant for current drainage control. These wells were targeted for closure to eliminate maintenance and possible contamination problems. A 3-year study (1992 through 1994) encompassed several drainage basins in the county. Inflow to 18 of the 23 drainage wells on the noncritical list and the effects of closure of these noncritical wells on the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer were estimated. Three sites were chosen for intensive study and were used for further extrapolation to other noncritical sites. The total average annual recharge rate through the 18 selected wells was estimated to be 9 cubic feet per second, or about 6 million gallons per day. The highest rate of long-term recharge, 4.6 cubic feet per second, was to well H-35. Several wells on the noncritical list were already plugged or had blocked intakes. Yields, or the sum of surface-water outflows and drainage-well recharge, from the drainage basins ranged from 20 to 33 inches per year. In some of the basins, all the yield from the basin was recharge through a drainage well. In other basins, most of the yield was surface outflow through canals rather than to drainage wells. The removal of the recharge from closure of the wells was simulated by superposition in a three-dimensional ground-water flow model. As a second step in the model, water was also applied to two sites in western Orange County that could receive redirected surface water. One of the sites is CONSERV II, a distribution system used to apply reclaimed water to the surficial aquifer system through rapid infiltration basins and grove irrigation. The second site, Lake Sherwood, has an extremely high downward recharge rate estimated to be at least 54 inches per year. The results from the simulations showed a decline of 1 foot or less in the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer with removal of the recharge and a mound of about 1 foot in the vicinity of the two sites in western Orange County. The Lake Sherwood site seems to reduce the declines caused by closure of the wells to a greater degree than the CONSERV II site, partly because the Lake Sherwood site is closer to the drainage-well basins.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96316","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Bradner, L.A., 1996, Estimation of recharge through selected drainage wells and potential effects from well closure, Orange County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-316, v, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96316.","productDescription":"v, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0316/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52044,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0316/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d857","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradner, L. A.","contributorId":21925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradner","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68468,"text":"ha694D - 1996 - Hydrogeology of structurally extended terrain in the eastern Great Basin of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states, from geologic and geophysical models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-28T11:24:22","indexId":"ha694D","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"694","chapter":"D","title":"Hydrogeology of structurally extended terrain in the eastern Great Basin of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states, from geologic and geophysical models","docAbstract":"The Great Basin of the western United States encompasses most of Nevada and western Utah (fig. 1). The climate of the region is semiarid to arid, with most precipitation falling as winter Show. The region is characterized by internal drainage (generally no hydrologic outlet to the ocean). Water resources in the region are limited and nearly all reliable surface-water sources have been allocated for use. The most commonly used aquifers arc sand-and-gravel basin-fill deposits in structural basins of the region. In many basins, pumpage from the basin-fill aquifers is as much as (or more than) the safe yield.
Consequently, aquifers other than basin fill are being assessed in the eastern Great Basin to determine where and how much additional ground water is present and what might be the effects of development. This study was part of the Nevada Carbonate Aquifers Program, in cooperation with the State of Nevada, Las Vegas Valley Water District, City of North Las Vegas, and the Bureau of Reclamation. This atlas presents a conceptual model of the geologic and hydrologic features of structurally extended terrains in the eastern Great Basin. First, the model is described and major structural features are compared with regional groundwater flow patterns. Second, the validity of the conceptual hydrogeologic model is evaluated using geophysical data and geologic models derived from geophysical profiles.
The Fortymile River region in east-central Alaska has a long and colorful history as the site of the first major gold discovery in interior Alaska. Placer gold has been mined in the region nearly every year since its original discovery in 1886. Total gold production is approximately 500,000 troy ounces. Although many of the rich deposits have been mined, there still exist areas that contain gold. Areas of mined and unmined gold-bearing creek and terrace gravels are outlined on the accompanying geologic map.
The early history of the Fortymile area centered on the small frontier settlement of Fortymile City located at the junction of the Fortymile and Yukon Rivers in Canadian territory. This was the supply and jumping-off point for prospectors who worked their way into Alaska up the Fortymile River and found gold on many of its tributaries. Hand mining, both underground and surface, using sluice boxes and (or) rockers were the earliest methods; later, hydraulicking, dredging, and draglining methods were used. More recently, bulldozers and elevated trammels have been used, as well as very portable floating suction dredges. The rich mining lore of the area is closely associated with events of the nearby world-famous Klondike District. Bedrock and placer geology and mining history of individual gold-rich creeks are herein updated.
The Fortymile area, which is part of the Yukon-Tanana Upland, contains quartzite, schist, gneiss, amphibolite, marble, serpentinite, and granite overlain by basalt, sandstone, conglomerate, shale, tuff, and coal; overlying these rocks are several deposits of varying ages consisting of gold-bearing gravel and colluvium. The close spatial association of creeks containing placer gold and the gneiss, schist, amphibolite, and marble unit strongly suggests this metamorphic unit is the gold source.
High terrace gravels record a time from the late Tertiary to early Pleistocene when the ancestral Fortymile River and its major tributaries, the North and South Forks, had floodplains roughly 1 to 2 miles (2-3 kilometers) wide and gradients of about 4 feet per mile (0.75 meters per kilometer). Base-level lowering during the post-early Pleistocene caused the rivers to cut into their floodplains and to develop the youthful characteristics they have today such as V-shaped canyons, narrow floodplains, and gradients of at least twice those of the old river.
Colluvium marginal to creek deposits in steep-sided valleys is often gold bearing. Much of the unconsolidated gravel within the major drainages of the Fortymile River, South Fork, North Fork, and Mosquito Fork is colluvium.
Heavy-mineral-concentrate samples from the gold-producing creeks and high terrace gravels contain varying amounts of magnetite (20 to 80 percent) and ilmenite (10 to 30 percent), and samples from creeks draining areas principally composed of metamorphic rocks contain abundant garnet (10 to 30 percent). Gold fineness ranges from 620 to 927, but it is difficult to attach any geologic significance to the fineness data.
Most placer gold in the Fortymile River area has been recovered at, or near, the gravelbedrock contact. The lowermost 3.3 feet (1 meter) of gravel and the uppermost 1.6 feet (0.5 meter) of bedrock may contain as much as 80 to 90 percent of the gold that is ultimately recovered. Gold nuggets are rare and most of the gold recovered is in the form of flattened fragments less than .2 inches (5 millimeters) in greatest dimension. However, large gold nuggets have been found on Wade Creek; examples are ones of 25,33,56, and 70 ounces. Occasionally, large nuggets may still be found in the tailing piles along the creek.
The Fortymile River and its tributaries the South Fork, Walker Fork, and Mosquito Fork, all of which at one time were the sites of bucket-line dredge operations, now are almost exclusively mined using floating suction dredges. Unmined gold-bearing gravel is present in the floodplain of the Walker Fork valley below Cherry Creek and in low (about 100 to 130 feet or 30 to 40 meters) terraces along the north side of Walker Fork and east side of Cherry Creek. Considering the locations of where most gold has been found in the South Fork valley both by the older bucket dredges and the modern suction dredges, it seems likely that the tributary drainages of Lost Chicken, Napoleon, Franklin, and Buckskin Creeks have supplied the bulk of the gold to the South Fork valley. A quarter acre (0.10 hectare), 130-foot-thick ( 40 meters) section of the high terrace gravels on the north side of Napoleon Creek was mined for placer gold and yielded values estimated to be $8.50 per cubic yard (or $6.50 per cubic meter) at $350 per troy ounce. The unmined high terrace gravels on the south side of Buckskin Creek contain gold; however, this gravel is only 3 to 6.5 feet (1 to 2 meters) thick.
The search for a lode gold source in the Fortymile River region may be in vain, because substantially more gold than has been recovered from the placers can be derived by the gradual erosion of large volumes of source rocks that contain background mean gold amounts. Using Leon's mass balance equation, 5,167 metric tons of gold may exist in the placers of the Fortymile River region, less than 1 percent of the recovered amount of 15.6 tons.
The largest gold resource remaining in the Fortymile River region is probably in the high terrace gravels exposed along many of the creeks and rivers. Until there is exploratory drilling or a comprehensive sampling program, the amount of gold in these gravels will remain unknown. Environmental constraints imposed by Federal and State agencies have slowed, but not stopped, placer mining in the Fortymile River area, and a significant gold price rise would result in more mining.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2125","usgsCitation":"Yeend, W.E., 1996, Gold placers of the historical Fortymile River region, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2125, Report: 75 p.; Plate: 35.44 x 38.25 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b2125.","productDescription":"Report: 75 p.; Plate: 35.44 x 38.25 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":247657,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2125/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"25.02 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":111160,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/id/3781","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":247658,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2125/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate","size":"10.96 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate"},{"id":252059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2125/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Fortymile River region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -142.1,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 64.5\n ],\n [\n -142.1,\n 64.5\n ],\n [\n -142.1,\n 64\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db6740b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yeend, Warren E.","contributorId":65053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeend","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23872,"text":"ofr96318 - 1996 - Simulation of water quality for Salt Creek in northeastern Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:12","indexId":"ofr96318","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-318","title":"Simulation of water quality for Salt Creek in northeastern Illinois","docAbstract":"Water-quality processes in the Salt Creek watershed in northeastern Illinois were simulated with a computer model. Selected waste-load scenarios for 7-day, 10-year low-flow conditions were simulated in the stream system. The model development involved the calibration of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency QUAL2E model to water-quality constituent concentration data collected by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) for a diel survey on August 29-30, 1995, and the verification of this model with water-quality constituent concentration data collected by the IEPA for a diel survey on June 27-28, 1995. In-stream measurements of sediment oxygen demand rates and carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD) decay rates by the IEPA and traveltime and reaeration-rate coefficients by the U.S. Geological Survey facilitated the development of a model for simulation of water quality in the Salt Creek watershed. In general, the verification of the calibrated model increased confidence in the utility of the model for water-quality planning in the Salt Creek watershed. However, the model was adjusted to better simulate constituent concentrations measured during the June 27-28, 1995, diel survey.\r\nTwo versions of the QUAL2E model were utilized to simulate dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in the Salt Creek watershed for selected effluent discharge and concentration scenarios for water-quality planning: (1) the QUAL2E model calibrated to the August 29-30, 1995, diel survey, and (2) the QUAL2E model adjusted to the June 27-28, 1995, diel survey. The results of these simulations indicated that the QUAL2E model adjusted to the June 27-28, 1995, diel survey simulates reliable information for water-quality planning. The results of these simulations also indicated that to maintain DO concentrations greater than 5 milligrams per liter (mg/L) throughout most of Salt Creek for 7-day, 10-year low-flow conditions, the sewage-treatment plants (STP's) must discharge effluent with CBOD and total ammonia as nitrogen concentrations substantially below the permit limits. If the STP's discharge effluent with CBOD and total ammonia as nitrogen concentrations at the permit limits for 7-day, 10-year low-flow conditions, DO concentrations less than 5 mg/L are expected for all of Salt Creek downstream from Fullerton Avenue (river mile 23.1).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96318","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Melching, C.S., and Chang, T., 1996, Simulation of water quality for Salt Creek in northeastern Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-318, viii, 136 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96318.","productDescription":"viii, 136 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1591,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=OFR&number=96-318","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0318/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53087,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0318/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a1f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Melching, Charles S.","contributorId":8135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melching","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chang, T.J.","contributorId":85224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22728,"text":"ofr9663 - 1996 - The role of mineral resource assessments in ecological stewardship","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:08","indexId":"ofr9663","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-63","title":"The role of mineral resource assessments in ecological stewardship","docAbstract":"Bedrock geology and mineral resource assessments can provide important information for ecologically based stewardship of land and water. Combining information derived from mineral resource assessments and geoenvironmental mineral deposit models provides a means to rapidly screen a large region for potential for mineral concentrations, to assess the environmental risk associated with mineralized bedrock and with human disturbances of mineralized bedrock, and to establish priorities for further studies.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9663","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Clark, S.H., 1996, The role of mineral resource assessments in ecological stewardship: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-63, 15 p. :col. ill.; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9663.","productDescription":"15 p. :col. ill.; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0063/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":9117,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-063/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52177,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0063/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640e4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Sandra H. B.","contributorId":88706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"H. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23811,"text":"ofr96214 - 1996 - Use of particle tracking to improve numerical model calibration and to analyze ground-water flow and contaminant migration, Massachusetts Military Reservation, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":23811,"text":"ofr96214 - 1996 - Use of particle tracking to improve numerical model calibration and to analyze ground-water flow and contaminant migration, Massachusetts Military Reservation, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts","indexId":"ofr96214","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Use of particle tracking to improve numerical model calibration and to analyze ground-water flow and contaminant migration, Massachusetts Military Reservation, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2224,"text":"wsp2482 - 1997 - Use of particle tracking to improve numerical model calibration and to analyze ground-water flow and contaminant migration, Massachusetts Military Reservation, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts","indexId":"wsp2482","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Use of particle tracking to improve numerical model calibration and to analyze ground-water flow and contaminant migration, Massachusetts Military Reservation, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2224,"text":"wsp2482 - 1997 - Use of particle tracking to improve numerical model calibration and to analyze ground-water flow and contaminant migration, Massachusetts Military Reservation, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts","indexId":"wsp2482","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Use of particle tracking to improve numerical model calibration and to analyze ground-water flow and contaminant migration, Massachusetts Military Reservation, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-01T22:25:13.922117","indexId":"ofr96214","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-214","title":"Use of particle tracking to improve numerical model calibration and to analyze ground-water flow and contaminant migration, Massachusetts Military Reservation, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"A steady-state, three-dimensional numerical model coupled with a particle-tracking algorithm was developed to simulate the complex hydrogeologic conditions affecting ground-water flow and contaminant migration in the Cape Cod aquifer beneath the Massachusetts Military Reservation, Massachusetts. The known extents of the contaminant plumes beneath the reservation were incorporated into a particle-tracking analysis to improve model calibration. Particle tracking was used to evaluate the effects of simulated changes in hydraulic properties and in simulated hydrologic boundaries such as ponds and streams.
The model simulations made during the calibration process indicated that changes in simulated hydraulic properties and hydrologic boundaries resulted in small changes in the water-table and pond altitudes and in streamflows, yet had a substantial effect on model-calculated groundwater flowpaths. Therefore, the characterization of contaminant migration using a model calibrated only on the basis of ground-water heads and flux may be inaccurate.
The results of model simulations for the analysis of the effects of pumping and recharge on ground-water flow and contaminant migration indicated that ground-water flowpaths were greatly affected by subtle shifts in hydraulic gradients. These changes in the ground-water-flow system in response to hydrologic stresses such as pumping and recharge can be determined by the use of a particle-tracking analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96214","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Guard Bureau","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J., Walter, D.A., and Savoie, J., 1996, Use of particle tracking to improve numerical model calibration and to analyze ground-water flow and contaminant migration, Massachusetts Military Reservation, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-214, v, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96214.","productDescription":"v, 50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":412572,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0214/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156833,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0214/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.7794189453125,\n 41.6154423246811\n ],\n [\n -69.89501953125,\n 41.6154423246811\n ],\n [\n -69.89501953125,\n 42.1104489601222\n ],\n [\n -70.7794189453125,\n 42.1104489601222\n ],\n [\n -70.7794189453125,\n 41.6154423246811\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db6139d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":102516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":190776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walter, Donald A. 0000-0003-0879-4477 dawalter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-4477","contributorId":1101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Donald","email":"dawalter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savoie, Jennifer G. jsavoie@usgs.gov","contributorId":1691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savoie","given":"Jennifer G.","email":"jsavoie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":190774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24628,"text":"ofr96162 - 1996 - Geohydrology and conceptual model of a ground-water-flow system near a Superfund site in Cheshire, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"ofr96162","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-162","title":"Geohydrology and conceptual model of a ground-water-flow system near a Superfund site in Cheshire, Connecticut","docAbstract":"Degradation of ground-water quality has been identified in an area of the north-central part of the town of Cheshire, Connecticut. An investigation by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, was done during 1994-95 to characterize the unconsolidated glacial deposits and the sedimentary bedrock, integrate the local geohydrologic conditions with the regional geohydrologic system, and develop a conceptual understanding of ground-water flow in the study area. A regional ground-water-flow model developed for the region near the study area indicates that perennial streams, including Judd Brook and the Tenmile River, form hydrologic divides that separate the larger region into hydraulically independent flow systems. In the local study area, synoptic water-level measurements made in June 1995 indicate that ground water near the water table flows west and southwestward from the low hill on the eastern side of the area toward the pond and wetlands along Judd Brook. Water-level data indicate that there is good hydraulic connection between the unconsolidated materials and underlying fractured bedrock. Unconsolidated materials in the study area consist principally of glacial stratified deposits that are fine sand, silt, and clay of glaci- olacustrine origin; locally these overlie thin glacial till. The glacial sediments range in thickness from a few feet to about 25 ft in the eastern part of the study area and are as much as 100 ft thick in the western and southern part of the study area beneath the Judd Brook and Tenmile River valleys. Fluvial redbeds of the New Haven Arkose underlie the glacial deposits in the region; in the study area, the redbeds consist of (1) channel sandstone units, which are coarse sandstone to fine conglomerate, generally in 6- to 15-ft- thick sequences; and (2) overbank mudstone units, which are siltstone and silty sandstone with some fine sandstone, generally in 6- to 50-ft-thick sequences. Thin-bedded zones of siltstone that are particularly fissile are present locally within the mudstone units. Rock units strike northward and dip eastward at about 20. The eastward-dipping strata are cut by a consistent set of west to west-northwest dipping, high-angle fractures. These fractures are oriented perpendicular to bedding and are present mostly in the channel sandstone units, but locally extend into the mudstone units as well. Borehole-geophysical logging indicates that ground water flows along bedding planes in fissile zones and between fissile zones in high-angle fractures, which are perpendicular to bedding. The combined fracture types form an aquifer system in which ground water follows a stair-step flowpath, flowing horizontally through fissile zones and vertically through high-angle fractures. Heat-pulse flow meter measurements and borehole fluid-conductivity and temperature logs indicate that only a small subset of the fissile zones and some high-angle fractures are hydraulically significant. A generalized local-scale ground-water flow model based on a nonspecific, but realistic, rock and fracture geometry was developed for the study area. Simulations show that under nonpumping conditions at a hypothetical well located in the middle of the model, ground-water flow was separated into upper and lower zones in which flow paths differed but were generally from northeast to southwest. Several short-duration aquifer tests conducted in the study area indicate that there is good hydraulic connection in the fractures between the pumping well (CS-221) and two bedrock wells located approximately 100 ft to the north and south along bedding strike. During the short duration of the aquifer tests, there was no hydraulic connection in bedrock wells located to the east, perpendicular to the strike. A range of transmissivity of 27 to 46 ft2/d was calculated from the aquifer-test data for the fractured-bedrock aquifer at CS-221 and TH-2. Individual fracture zones identified by bo","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96162","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Stone, J.R., Barlow, P.M., and Starn, J., 1996, Geohydrology and conceptual model of a ground-water-flow system near a Superfund site in Cheshire, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-162, vi, 88 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96162.","productDescription":"vi, 88 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0162/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53670,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0162/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8d88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, J. R.","contributorId":87964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barlow, P. M.","contributorId":63022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Starn, J.J.","contributorId":69591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starn","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017781,"text":"70017781 - 1996 - Estimation of potential maximum biomass of trout in Wyoming streams to assist management decisions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-27T16:01:36.208641","indexId":"70017781","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of potential maximum biomass of trout in Wyoming streams to assist management decisions","docAbstract":"Fishery managers can benefit from knowledge of the potential maximum biomass (PMB) of trout in streams when making decisions on the allocation of resources to improve fisheries. Resources are most likely to be expended on streams with high PMB and with large differences between PMB and currently measured biomass. We developed and tested a model that uses four easily measured habitat variables to estimate PMB (upper 90th percentile of predicted mean biomass) of trout (Oncorhynchus spp., Salmo trutta, and Salvelinus fontinalis) in Wyoming streams. The habitat variables were proportion of cover, elevation, wetted width, and channel gradient. The PMB model was constructed from data on 166 stream reaches throughout Wyoming and validated on an independent data set of 50 stream reaches. Prediction of PMB in combination with estimation of current biomass and information on habitat quality can provide managers with insight into the extent to which management actions may enhance trout biomass.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1996)016<0821:EOPMBO>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hubert, W.A., Marwitz, T., Gerow, K.G., Binns, N., and Wiley, R., 1996, Estimation of potential maximum biomass of trout in Wyoming streams to assist management decisions: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 16, no. 4, p. 821-829, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1996)016<0821:EOPMBO>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"821","endPage":"829","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228860,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-110.048476,40.997555],[-110.121639,40.997101],[-110.125709,40.99655],[-110.237848,40.995427],[-110.250709,40.996089],[-110.375714,40.994947],[-110.500718,40.994746],[-110.539819,40.996346],[-110.715026,40.996347],[-110.750727,40.996847],[-111.046723,40.997959],[-111.046551,41.251716],[-111.0466,41.360692],[-111.046264,41.377731],[-111.045789,41.565571],[-111.045818,41.579845],[-111.046689,42.001567],[-111.047109,42.142497],[-111.047107,42.148971],[-111.047058,42.182672],[-111.047097,42.194773],[-111.047074,42.280787],[-111.04708,42.34942],[-111.046801,42.504946],[-111.046719,42.513118],[-111.046017,42.582723],[-111.043564,42.722624],[-111.044135,42.874924],[-111.043959,42.96445],[-111.043957,42.969482],[-111.043924,42.975063],[-111.044129,43.018702],[-111.044156,43.020052],[-111.044206,43.022614],[-111.044034,43.024581],[-111.044034,43.024844],[-111.044033,43.026411],[-111.044094,43.02927],[-111.043997,43.041415],[-111.044058,43.04464],[-111.044063,43.046302],[-111.044086,43.054819],[-111.044117,43.060309],[-111.04415,43.066172],[-111.044162,43.068222],[-111.044143,43.072364],[-111.044235,43.177121],[-111.044266,43.177236],[-111.044232,43.18444],[-111.044168,43.189244],[-111.044229,43.195579],[-111.044617,43.31572],[-111.045205,43.501136],[-111.045706,43.659112],[-111.04588,43.681033],[-111.046118,43.684902],[-111.046051,43.685812],[-111.04611,43.687848],[-111.046421,43.722059],[-111.046435,43.726545],[-111.04634,43.726957],[-111.046715,43.815832],[-111.046515,43.908376],[-111.046917,43.974978],[-111.047064,43.983467],[-111.047349,43.999921],[-111.049077,44.020072],[-111.048751,44.060403],[-111.048751,44.060838],[-111.048633,44.062903],[-111.048452,44.114831],[-111.049119,44.124923],[-111.049695,44.353626],[-111.049148,44.374925],[-111.049216,44.435811],[-111.049194,44.438058],[-111.048974,44.474072],[-111.055208,44.624927],[-111.055333,44.666263],[-111.055511,44.725343],[-111.056416,44.749928],[-111.056888,44.866658],[-111.055629,44.933578],[-111.056207,44.935901],[-111.055199,45.001321],[-111.044275,45.001345],[-110.785008,45.002952],[-110.761554,44.999934],[-110.750767,44.997948],[-110.705272,44.992324],[-110.552433,44.992237],[-110.547165,44.992459],[-110.48807,44.992361],[-110.402927,44.99381],[-110.362698,45.000593],[-110.342131,44.999053],[-110.324441,44.999156],[-110.28677,44.99685],[-110.199503,44.996188],[-110.110103,45.003905],[-110.026347,45.003665],[-110.025544,45.003602],[-109.99505,45.003174],[-109.875735,45.003275],[-109.798687,45.002188],[-109.75073,45.001605],[-109.663673,45.002536],[-109.574321,45.002631],[-109.386432,45.004887],[-109.375713,45.00461],[-109.269294,45.005283],[-109.263431,45.005345],[-109.103445,45.005904],[-109.08301,44.99961],[-109.062262,44.999623],[-108.621313,45.000408],[-108.578484,45.000484],[-108.565921,45.000578],[-108.500679,44.999691],[-108.271201,45.000251],[-108.249345,44.999458],[-108.238139,45.000206],[-108.218479,45.000541],[-108.14939,45.001062],[-108.000663,45.001223],[-107.997353,45.001565],[-107.911743,45.001292],[-107.750654,45.000778],[-107.608854,45.00086],[-107.607824,45.000929],[-107.49205,45.00148],[-107.351441,45.001407],[-107.13418,45.000109],[-107.125633,44.999388],[-107.105685,44.998734],[-107.084939,44.996599],[-107.074996,44.997004],[-107.050801,44.996424],[-106.892875,44.995947],[-106.888773,44.995885],[-106.263586,44.993788],[-106.024814,44.993688],[-105.928184,44.993647],[-105.914258,44.999986],[-105.913382,45.000941],[-105.848065,45.000396],[-105.076607,45.000347],[-105.038405,45.000345],[-105.025266,45.00029],[-105.019284,45.000329],[-105.01824,45.000437],[-104.765063,44.999183],[-104.759855,44.999066],[-104.72637,44.999518],[-104.665171,44.998618],[-104.663882,44.998869],[-104.470422,44.998453],[-104.470117,44.998453],[-104.250145,44.99822],[-104.057698,44.997431],[-104.055914,44.874986],[-104.056496,44.867034],[-104.055963,44.768236],[-104.055963,44.767962],[-104.055934,44.72372],[-104.05587,44.723422],[-104.055777,44.700466],[-104.055938,44.693881],[-104.05581,44.691343],[-104.055877,44.571016],[-104.055892,44.543341],[-104.055927,44.51773],[-104.055389,44.249983],[-104.054487,44.180381],[-104.054562,44.141081],[-104.05495,43.93809],[-104.055077,43.936535],[-104.055488,43.853477],[-104.055488,43.853476],[-104.055138,43.750421],[-104.055133,43.747105],[-104.054902,43.583852],[-104.054885,43.583512],[-104.05484,43.579368],[-104.055032,43.558603],[-104.054787,43.503328],[-104.054786,43.503072],[-104.054779,43.477815],[-104.054766,43.428914],[-104.054614,43.390949],[-104.054403,43.325914],[-104.054218,43.30437],[-104.053884,43.297047],[-104.053876,43.289801],[-104.053127,43.000585],[-104.052863,42.754569],[-104.052809,42.749966],[-104.052583,42.650062],[-104.052741,42.633982],[-104.052586,42.630917],[-104.052773,42.611766],[-104.052775,42.61159],[-104.052775,42.610813],[-104.053107,42.499964],[-104.052776,42.25822],[-104.052793,42.249962],[-104.053125,42.249962],[-104.052761,42.170278],[-104.052547,42.166801],[-104.053001,42.137254],[-104.052738,42.133769],[-104.0526,42.124963],[-104.052954,42.089077],[-104.052967,42.075004],[-104.05288,42.021761],[-104.052729,42.016318],[-104.052704,42.001718],[-104.052699,41.998673],[-104.052761,41.994967],[-104.05283,41.9946],[-104.052856,41.975958],[-104.052734,41.973007],[-104.052991,41.914973],[-104.052931,41.906143],[-104.053026,41.885464],[-104.052774,41.733401],[-104.05283,41.697954],[-104.052913,41.64519],[-104.052945,41.638167],[-104.052975,41.622931],[-104.052735,41.613676],[-104.052859,41.592254],[-104.05254,41.564274],[-104.052531,41.552723],[-104.052584,41.55265],[-104.052692,41.541154],[-104.052686,41.539111],[-104.052476,41.522343],[-104.052478,41.515754],[-104.05234,41.417865],[-104.05216,41.407662],[-104.052287,41.393307],[-104.052288,41.393214],[-104.052687,41.330569],[-104.052324,41.321144],[-104.052476,41.320961],[-104.052568,41.316202],[-104.052453,41.278202],[-104.052574,41.278019],[-104.052666,41.275251],[-104.053514,41.157257],[-104.053142,41.114457],[-104.053083,41.104985],[-104.053025,41.090274],[-104.053177,41.089725],[-104.053097,41.018045],[-104.053158,41.016809],[-104.053249,41.001406],[-104.066961,41.001504],[-104.086068,41.001563],[-104.10459,41.001543],[-104.123586,41.001626],[-104.211473,41.001591],[-104.214191,41.001568],[-104.214692,41.001657],[-104.467672,41.001473],[-104.497058,41.001805],[-104.497149,41.001828],[-104.675999,41.000957],[-104.829504,40.99927],[-104.855273,40.998048],[-104.943371,40.998084],[-105.254779,40.99821],[-105.256527,40.998191],[-105.27686,40.998173],[-105.277138,40.998173],[-105.724804,40.99691],[-105.730421,40.996886],[-106.061181,40.996999],[-106.190554,40.997607],[-106.217573,40.997734],[-106.321165,40.999123],[-106.386356,41.001144],[-106.391852,41.001176],[-106.43095,41.001752],[-106.437419,41.001795],[-106.439563,41.001978],[-106.453859,41.002057],[-106.857773,41.002663],[-107.000606,41.003444],[-107.241194,41.002804],[-107.317794,41.002967],[-107.367443,41.003073],[-107.625624,41.002124],[-107.918421,41.002036],[-108.046539,41.002064],[-108.181227,41.000455],[-108.250649,41.000114],[-108.500659,41.000112],[-108.526667,40.999608],[-108.631108,41.000156],[-108.884138,41.000094],[-109.050076,41.000659],[-109.173682,41.000859],[-109.231985,41.002059],[-109.250735,41.001009],[-109.500694,40.999127],[-109.534926,40.998143],[-109.676421,40.998395],[-109.713877,40.998266],[-109.715409,40.998191],[-109.854302,40.997661],[-109.855299,40.997614],[-109.97553,40.997912],[-109.999838,40.99733],[-110.000708,40.997352],[-110.006495,40.997815],[-110.048476,40.997555]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Wyoming\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ba1e4b0c8380cd527e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marwitz, T.D.","contributorId":64407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marwitz","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerow, Kenneth G.","contributorId":49672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerow","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Binns, N.A.","contributorId":59196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binns","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wiley, R.W.","contributorId":97656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiley","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":21685,"text":"ofr96129 - 1996 - Comparison of estimated and observed stormwater runoff for fifteen watersheds in west-central Florida, using five common design techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:59","indexId":"ofr96129","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-129","title":"Comparison of estimated and observed stormwater runoff for fifteen watersheds in west-central Florida, using five common design techniques","docAbstract":"Hydrologists use several traditional techniques for estimating peak discharges and runoff volumes from ungaged watersheds. However, applying these techniques to watersheds in west-central Florida requires that empirical relationships be extrapolated beyond tested ranges. As a result there is some uncertainty as to their accuracy. Sixty-six storms in 15 west-central Florida watersheds were modeled using (1) the rational method, (2) the U.S. Geological Survey regional regression equations, (3) the Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) TR-20 model, (4) the Army Corps of Engineers HEC-1 model, and (5) the Environmental Protection Agency SWMM model. The watersheds ranged between fully developed urban and undeveloped natural watersheds. Peak discharges and runoff volumes were estimated using standard or recommended methods for determining input parameters. All model runs were uncalibrated and the selection of input parameters was not influenced by observed data. The rational method, only used to calculate peak discharges, overestimated 45 storms, underestimated 20 storms and estimated the same discharge for 1 storm. The mean estimation error for all storms indicates the method overestimates the peak discharges. Estimation errors were generally smaller in the urban watersheds and larger in the natural watersheds. The U.S. Geological Survey regression equations provide peak discharges for storms of specific recurrence intervals. Therefore, direct comparison with observed data was limited to sixteen observed storms that had precipitation equivalent to specific recurrence intervals. The mean estimation error for all storms indicates the method overestimates both peak discharges and runoff volumes. Estimation errors were smallest for the larger natural watersheds in Sarasota County, and largest for the small watersheds located in the eastern part of the study area. The Natural Resources Conservation Service TR-20 model, overestimated peak discharges for 45 storms and underestimated 21 storms, and overestimated runoff volumes for 44 storms and underestimated 22 storms. The mean estimation error for all storms modeled indicates that the model overestimates peak discharges and runoff volumes. The smaller estimation errors in both peak discharges and runoff volumes were for storms occurring in the urban watersheds, and the larger errors were for storms occurring in the natural watersheds. The HEC-1 model overestimated peak discharge rates for 55 storms and underestimated 11 storms. Runoff volumes were overestimated for 44 storms and underestimated for 22 storms using the Army Corps of Engineers HEC-1 model. The mean estimation error for all the storms modeled indicates that the model overestimates peak discharge rates and runoff volumes. Generally, the smaller estimation errors in peak discharges were for storms occurring in the urban watersheds, and the larger errors were for storms occurring in the natural watersheds. Estimation errors in runoff volumes; however, were smallest for the 3 natural watersheds located in the southernmost part of Sarasota County. The Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management model produced similar peak discharges and runoff volumes when using both the Green-Ampt and Horton infiltration methods. Estimated peak discharge and runoff volume data calculated with the Horton method was only slightly higher than those calculated with the Green-Ampt method. The mean estimation error for all the storms modeled indicates the model using the Green-Ampt infiltration method overestimates peak discharges and slightly underestimates runoff volumes. Using the Horton infiltration method, the model overestimates both peak discharges and runoff volumes. The smaller estimation errors in both peak discharges and runoff volumes were for storms occurring in the five natural watersheds in Sarasota County with the least amount of impervious cover and the lowest slopes. The largest er","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-file Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96129","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Trommer, J., Loper, J., Hammett, K., and Bowman, G., 1996, Comparison of estimated and observed stormwater runoff for fifteen watersheds in west-central Florida, using five common design techniques: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-129, viii, 120 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96129.","productDescription":"viii, 120 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1291,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr96-129/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae35f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trommer, J.T.","contributorId":28248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trommer","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loper, J.E.","contributorId":19965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loper","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammett, K.M.","contributorId":59006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammett","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowman, Georgia","contributorId":44184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowman","given":"Georgia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":58,"text":"wsp2460 - 1996 - Geohydrology and evaluation of stream-aquifer relations in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin, southeastern Alabama, northwestern Florida, and southwestern Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T19:42:36.428777","indexId":"wsp2460","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2460","title":"Geohydrology and evaluation of stream-aquifer relations in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin, southeastern Alabama, northwestern Florida, and southwestern Georgia","docAbstract":"The lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin is underlain by Coastal Plain sediments of pre-Cretaceous to Quaternary age consisting of alternating units of sand, clay, sandstone, dolomite, and limestone that gradually thicken and dip gently to the southeast. The stream-aquifer system consists of carbonate (limestone and dolomite) and elastic sediments, which define the Upper Floridan aquifer and Intermediate system, in hydraulic connection with the principal rivers of the basin and other surface-water features, natural and man made.
Separate digital models of the Upper Floridan aquifer and Intermediate system were con structed by using the U.S. Geological Survey's MODular Finite-Element model of two dimensional ground-water flow, based on conceptualizations of the stream-aquifer system, and calibrated to drought conditions of October 1986. Sensitivity analyses performed on the models indicated that aquifer hydraulic conductivity, lateral and vertical boundary flows, and pumpage have a strong influence on ground-water levels. Simulated pumpage increases in the Upper Floridan aquifer, primarily in the Dougherty Plain physiographic district of Georgia, caused significant reductions in aquifer discharge to streams that eventually flow to Lake Seminole and the Apalachicola River and Bay. Simulated pumpage increases greater than 3 times the October 1986 rates caused drying of some stream reaches and parts of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Georgia.
Water budgets prepared from simulation results indicate that ground-water discharge to streams and recharge by horizontal and vertical flow are the principal mechanisms for moving water through the flow system. The potential for changes in ground-water quality is high in areas where chemical constituents can be mobilized by these mechanisms. Less than 2 percent of ground-water discharge to streams comes from the Intermediate system; thus, it plays a minor role in the hydrodynamics of the stream aquifer system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2460","usgsCitation":"Torak, L.J., Davis, G.S., Strain, G.A., and Herndon, J.G., 1996, Geohydrology and evaluation of stream-aquifer relations in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin, southeastern Alabama, northwestern Florida, and southwestern Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2460, vii, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2460.","productDescription":"vii, 94 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":13464,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/wsp2460/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":24692,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2460/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137249,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2460/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":411731,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25341.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.7103271484375,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.7103271484375,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n \"stroke-width\": 2,\n \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n },\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.6494140625,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -85.5615234375,\n 29.983486718474694\n ],\n [\n -85.517578125,\n 29.82158272057499\n ],\n [\n -85.49560546875,\n 29.707139348134145\n ],\n [\n -85.39672851562499,\n 29.602118211647333\n ],\n [\n -85.23193359375,\n 29.592565403314087\n ],\n [\n -85.02319335937499,\n 29.52567042617583\n ],\n [\n -84.759521484375,\n 29.544787796199465\n ],\n [\n -84.52880859375,\n 29.6594160549124\n ],\n [\n -84.375,\n 29.82158272057499\n ],\n [\n -84.17724609375,\n 29.888280933159265\n ],\n [\n -84.05639648437499,\n 29.964452850852005\n ],\n [\n -83.968505859375,\n 30.439202087235582\n ],\n [\n -84.254150390625,\n 30.704058230919504\n ],\n [\n -84.342041015625,\n 31.034108344903512\n ],\n [\n -84.0673828125,\n 31.363018491291182\n ],\n [\n -83.583984375,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -83.3642578125,\n 32.2313896627376\n ],\n [\n -83.34228515625,\n 32.41706632846282\n ],\n [\n -83.8421630859375,\n 32.46342595776104\n ],\n [\n -84.13330078125,\n 32.565333160841035\n ],\n [\n -84.342041015625,\n 32.509761735919426\n ],\n [\n -84.462890625,\n 32.287132632616384\n ],\n [\n -84.561767578125,\n 32.091882620021806\n ],\n [\n -84.693603515625,\n 32.008075959291055\n ],\n [\n -84.957275390625,\n 31.615965936476076\n ],\n [\n -85.3857421875,\n 31.325486676506983\n ],\n [\n -85.517578125,\n 31.11644302456946\n ],\n [\n -85.62469482421875,\n 30.76543912810554\n ],\n [\n -85.57525634765625,\n 30.57881467083501\n ],\n [\n -85.6494140625,\n 30.14512718337613\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8d6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torak, Lynn J. ljtorak@usgs.gov","contributorId":401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torak","given":"Lynn","email":"ljtorak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":141891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Gary S.","contributorId":29389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strain, George A.","contributorId":68287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strain","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herndon, Jennifer G.","contributorId":17592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herndon","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70129437,"text":"70129437 - 1996 - Integration of orthophotographic and sidescan sonar imagery: an example from Lake Garda, Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T12:06:23","indexId":"70129437","displayToPublicDate":"1996-10-22T14:26:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Integration of orthophotographic and sidescan sonar imagery: an example from Lake Garda, Italy","docAbstract":"Digital orthophotos of Lake Garda basin area are available at the scale of up to 1:10,000 from a 1994 high altitude (average scale of 1:75,000) air photo coverage of Italy collected with an RC30 camera and Panatomic film. In October 1994 the lake bed was surveyed by USGS and CISIG personnel using a SIS 1000 Sea-Floor Mapping System. Subsystems of the SIS-1000 include high resolution sidescan sonar and sub-bottom profiler. The sidescan imagery was collected in ranges up to 1500m, while preserving a 50cm pixel resolution. The system was navigated using differential GPS. The extended operational range of the sidescan sonar permitted surveying the 370km lake area in 11 days. Data were compiled into a digital image with a pixel resolution of about 2m and stored as 12 gigabytes in exabyte 8mm tape and converted from WGS84 coordinate system to the European Datum (ED50) and integrated with bathymetric data digitized from maps.The digital bathymetric model was generated by interpolation using commercial software and was merged with the land elevation model to obtain a digital elevation model of the Lake Garda basin.The sidescan image data was also projected in the same coordinate system and seamed with the digital orthophoto of the land to produce a continuous image of the basin as if the water were removed. Some perspective scenes were generated by combining elevation and bathymetric data with basin and lake floor images. In deep water the lake's thermal structure created problems with the imagery indicating that winter or spring is best survey period. In shallow waters, ≤ 10 m, where data are missing, the bottom data gap can be filled with available images from the first few channels of the Daedalus built MIVIS, a 102 channel hyperspectral scanner with 20 channel bands of 0.020 μm width, operating in the visible part of the spectrum. By integrating orthophotos with sidescan imagery we can see how the basin morphology extends across the lake, the paths taken by the lake inlet along the lake bed and the areal distribution of sediments. An extensive exposure of debris aprons were noted on the western side of the lake. Various anthropogenic objects were recognized: pipelines, sites of waste disposal on the lake's bed, and relicts of Venitian and Austrian(?) boats.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing XVIIIth Congress, Vienna 1996","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Gentili, G., Twichell, D.C., and Schwab, B., 1996, Integration of orthophotographic and sidescan sonar imagery: an example from Lake Garda, Italy, in Proceedings of the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing XVIIIth Congress, Vienna 1996, v. 31, no. B4, p. 289-294.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"294","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345483,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXI/congress/part4/default.aspx"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Lake Garda","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 10.469970703124998,\n 45.40519958164984\n ],\n [\n 10.892944335937498,\n 45.407127892214305\n ],\n [\n 10.8984375,\n 45.91198865118152\n ],\n [\n 10.479583740234375,\n 45.908166581916824\n ],\n [\n 10.469970703124998,\n 45.40519958164984\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5448c71de4b0f888a81b87ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gentili, Giuseppe","contributorId":91431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gentili","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":87481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwab, Bill","contributorId":20275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"Bill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70246866,"text":"70246866 - 1996 - Reflected seismic waves and their effect on strong shaking during the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-19T16:57:39.435925","indexId":"70246866","displayToPublicDate":"1996-10-01T11:53:20","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reflected seismic waves and their effect on strong shaking during the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"Our data indicate that critical and postcritical reflections from crustal layers and the Moho produced increased shaking at discrete distances along the San Francisco Peninsula during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. These reflections may have produced an increase in amplitude that is as much as 10 times greater than that of the direct arrival. Peak amplitude-distance patterns measured from explosive sources, synthetic seismograms, aftershocks, and the mainshock of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake indicate that (1) point sources, such as explosions, produce similar peak amplitude-distance relations as distributed, double-couple sources when the crustal structure is approximately a Poisson solid; (2) peak amplitudes from smaller point sources (explosions) may be scaled to those of larger sources (earthquakes); and (3) reflections caused a pattern of high amplitudes at specific distances along the San Francisco Peninsula that geographically correlates with areas of reported damage following from the Loma Prieta mainshock. Our study indicates that critical and postcritical reflections were stronger influences on the locations of strong shaking than local geology because a number of sites around the San Francisco Bay that are underlain by unconsolidated sediments experienced much less shaking than sites that were underlain by hard rock. Furthermore, some severely shaken hard-rock sites were farther from the epicenter than many of the less severely shaken “soft-sediment” sites. Models of the regional crustal structure and seismic-wave propagation paths may be useful in identifying sites around the San Francisco Bay region that are at risk due to reflected seismic energy, and this type of analysis may be useful in other seismically active regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0860051401","usgsCitation":"Catchings, R.D., and Kohler, W., 1996, Reflected seismic waves and their effect on strong shaking during the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 86, no. 5, p. 1401-1416, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0860051401.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1401","endPage":"1416","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.66803149342076,\n 37.89476323477227\n ],\n [\n -122.66803149342076,\n 36.95129051719259\n ],\n [\n -121.77355775499991,\n 36.95129051719259\n ],\n [\n -121.77355775499991,\n 37.89476323477227\n ],\n [\n -122.66803149342076,\n 37.89476323477227\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Catchings, Rufus D. 0000-0002-5191-6102 catching@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-6102","contributorId":1519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"Rufus","email":"catching@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":878332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kohler, W.M.","contributorId":62999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5085,"text":"fs12396 - 1996 - South Florida Ecosystem Program: Quantifying freshwater discharge for coastal hydraulic control structures in eastern Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-02T16:02:22.173541","indexId":"fs12396","displayToPublicDate":"1996-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"123-96","displayTitle":"South Florida Ecosystem Program: Quantifying Freshwater Discharge for Coastal Hydraulic Control Structures in Eastern Dade County, Florida","title":"South Florida Ecosystem Program: Quantifying freshwater discharge for coastal hydraulic control structures in eastern Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"The South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Program is an intergovernmental effort, involving a number of agencies, to reestablish and maintain the ecosystem of south Florida. One element of the restoration effort is the development of a firm scientific basis for resource decision making. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), one of the agencies, provides scientific information as part of the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Program. The USGS began their ow program, called the South Florida Ecosystem Program, in fiscal year 1995 for the purpose of gathering hydrologic, cartographic, and geologic data that relate to the mainland of south Florida, Florida Bay, and the Florida Keys and Reef ecosystems.
As part of the South Florida Ecosystem Program, the USGS, in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), has conducted a study to determine discharge ratings for 16 coastal hydraulic control structures in eastern Dade County, Fla. Discharge data are needed to quantify water that can be made available for water supply and ecosystem restoration and to calibrate regional hydrologic models.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs12396","usgsCitation":"Kapadia, A., and Swain, E.D., 1996, South Florida Ecosystem Program: Quantifying freshwater discharge for coastal hydraulic control structures in eastern Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 123-96, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs12396.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs12396.jpg"},{"id":285404,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0123-96/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.79 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1996-123"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Dade County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.7503,25.0989 ], [ -80.7503,25.9794 ], [ -80.063,25.9794 ], [ -80.063,25.0989 ], [ -80.7503,25.0989 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Six model hydrocarbons, representing various classes of chemicals found in gasoline, and methyl ethyl ketone, were assayed for their inhibitory effect on glucose methanogenesis in slurries prepared from aquifer sediments and ground water. Biogas (CH4and CO2) production was monitored with an automated pressure transducer system. Benzene, 1-methyl naphthalene, and methyltert-butyl ether (MTBE) were found to have no inhibitory influence on biogas production rates at concentrations up to 71·7 mg/L. Similarly, octane, cyclohexane, indan, and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) were found to have only marginal negative effects on the rate of biogas production in aquifer slurries, at concentrations ranging from 51·7 to 72·1 mg/L. Thus, gasoline components had low apparent toxicities to microorganisms responsible for glucose methanogenesis in aquifier slurries. As the concentrations of the assayed hydrocarbons are about 100 times those typically reported after an aquifer has been contaminated with gasoline, it is unlikely that individual hydrocarbons will substantially impact anaerobic metabolic processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/anae.1996.0038","usgsCitation":"Mormile, M.R., and Suflita, J.M., 1996, The toxicity of selected gasoline components to glucose methanogenesis by aquifer microorganisms: Anaerobe, v. 2, no. 5, p. 299-303, https://doi.org/10.1006/anae.1996.0038.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"299","endPage":"303","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337850,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1de4b0236b68f67387","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mormile, Melanie R.","contributorId":187688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mormile","given":"Melanie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suflita, Joseph M.","contributorId":187604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suflita","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017713,"text":"70017713 - 1996 - Channel narrowing and vegetation development following a great plains flood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T17:16:12.986115","indexId":"70017713","displayToPublicDate":"1996-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel narrowing and vegetation development following a great plains flood","docAbstract":"Streams in the plains of eastern Colorado are prone to intense floods following summer thunderstorms. Here, and in other semiarid and arid regions, channel recovery after a flood may take several decades. As a result, flood history strongly influences spatial and temporal variability in bottomland vegetation. Interpretation of these patterns must be based on understanding the long—term response of bottomland morphology and vegetation to specific floods. A major flood in 1965 on Plum Creek, a perennial sandbed stream, removed most of the bottomland vegetation and transformed the single—thread stream into a wider, braided channel. Channel narrowing began in 1973 and continues today. In 1991, we determined occurrences of 150 vascular plant species in 341 plots (0.5 m2) along a 7—km reach of Plum Creek near Louviers, Colorado. We related patterns of vegetation to elevation, litter cover, vegetative cover, sediment particle size, shade, and year of formation of the underlying surface (based on age of the excavated root flare of the oldest woody plants). Geomorphic investigation determined that Plum Creek fluvial surfaces sort into five groups by year of formation: terraces of fine sand formed before 1965; terraces of coarse sand deposited by the 1965 flood; stable bars formed by channel narrowing during periods of relatively high bed level (1973—1986); stable bars similarly formed during a recent period of low bed level (1987—1990); and the present channel bed (1991). Canonical correspondence analysis indicates a strong influence of elevation and litter cover, and lesser effects of vegetative cover, shade, and sediment particle size. However, the sum of all canonical eigenvalues explained by these factors is less than that explained by an analysis including only the dummy variables that define the five geomorphically determined age groups. The effect of age group is significant even when all five other environmental variables are specified as covariables. Therefore, the process of postflood channel narrowing has a dominant influence on vegetation pattern. Channel narrowing at Plum Creek includes a successional process: annual and perennial plants become established on the channel bed, sediment accretes around the vegetation, and increasing litter cover, shade, and scarcity of water eliminate species that are not rhizomatous perennials. However, successional trajectories of individual surfaces are modified by flow—related fluctuations of the bed level; surfaces deposited by the 1965 flood have had distinct sediment and vegetation since their formation. Species richness is highest on surfaces dating to 1987—1990; the many species restricted to this transitory assemblage are perpetuated by flood—related fluctuations in channel width. Since the 1965 flood, seedling establishment of the dominant trees (genus Populus) has occurred only on low surfaces formed during channel narrowing. Thus, the flood has indirectly promoted Populus establishment over a 26—yr period.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/2265710","usgsCitation":"Friedman, J.M., Osterkamp, W.R., and Lewis, W.M., 1996, Channel narrowing and vegetation development following a great plains flood: Ecology, v. 77, no. 7, p. 2167-2181, https://doi.org/10.2307/2265710.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2167","endPage":"2181","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228527,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f459e4b0c8380cd4bc9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, William M. Jr.","contributorId":189849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1907,"text":"wsp2480 - 1996 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the Saginaw Aquifer, Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham counties, Michigan","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":23384,"text":"ofr96174 - 1996 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the Saginaw Aquifer, Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham counties, Michigan","indexId":"ofr96174","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the Saginaw Aquifer, Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham counties, Michigan"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1907,"text":"wsp2480 - 1996 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the Saginaw Aquifer, Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham counties, Michigan","indexId":"wsp2480","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the Saginaw Aquifer, Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham counties, Michigan"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:08:40","indexId":"wsp2480","displayToPublicDate":"1996-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2480","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the Saginaw Aquifer, Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham counties, Michigan","docAbstract":"A numerical model was developed to simulate ground-water flow in the Tri-County region, which consists of Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham Counties, Michigan. This region includes a nine-township area surrounding Lansing, Michigan. The model simulates the regional response of the Saginaw aquifer to major groundwater withdrawals associated with public-supply wells. The Saginaw aquifer, which is in the Grand River and Saginaw Formations of Pennsylvanian age, is the primary source of ground water for Tri-County residents. The Saginaw aquifer is overlain by glacial deposits, which also are important ground-water sources in some locations.
Flow in the Saginaw aquifer and the glacial deposits is simulated by discretizing the flow system into model cells arranged in two layers. Each cell, which corresponds to a land area of 0.0625 square mile, represents the locally averaged properties of the system. The spatial variation of hydraulic properties controlling ground-water flow was estimated by geostatistical analysis of 4,947 well logs. Parameter estimation, a form of nonlinear regression, was used to calibrate the flow model.
Results of steady-state ground-water-flow simulations show close agreement between water flowing into and out of the model area for 1992 pumping conditions; standard error of the difference between simulated and measured heads is 14.7 feet. Simulation results for three alternative pumping scenarios for the year 2020 show that the glacial aquifer could be dewatered in places if hypothetical increases in pumping are not distributed throughout the Tri-County region.
Contributing areas to public-supply wells in the nine-township area were delineated by a particle-tracking analysis. These areas cover about 121 square miles. Contributing areas for particles having travel times of 40 years or less cover about 42 square miles. Results of tritium sampling support results of model simulations to delineate contributing areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2480","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tri-County Regional Planning Commission","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D.J., Luukkonen, C.L., and Nicholas, J., 1996, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Saginaw Aquifer, Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham counties, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2480, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2480.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27204,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2480/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2480/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Clinton County, Eaton County, Ingham County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.3681,43.1172],[-84.3675,42.9561],[-84.3679,42.9439],[-84.3666,42.861],[-84.3668,42.8561],[-84.3649,42.7746],[-84.1593,42.7779],[-84.1519,42.685],[-84.146,42.5999],[-84.1402,42.4239],[-84.2539,42.4236],[-84.2607,42.4242],[-84.3676,42.4242],[-84.3677,42.4224],[-84.4864,42.4215],[-84.6026,42.4215],[-84.7207,42.4209],[-84.83,42.421],[-84.8375,42.4215],[-84.9561,42.4221],[-85.0667,42.4215],[-85.0736,42.4211],[-85.0738,42.5956],[-85.0745,42.7707],[-84.9577,42.7712],[-84.8391,42.7706],[-84.8376,42.857],[-84.8393,42.9434],[-84.8382,43.1199],[-84.6022,43.1185],[-84.3681,43.1172]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Clinton\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f25ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, David J. 0000-0001-5185-4928 dholtschlag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":5447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"David","email":"dholtschlag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":144346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luukkonen, Carol L. clluukko@usgs.gov","contributorId":3489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luukkonen","given":"Carol","email":"clluukko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":144345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nicholas, J.R.","contributorId":26673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholas","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2839,"text":"wsp2455 - 1996 - Implementation and verification of a one-dimensional, unsteady-flow model for Spring Brook near Warrenville, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:35","indexId":"wsp2455","displayToPublicDate":"1996-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2455","title":"Implementation and verification of a one-dimensional, unsteady-flow model for Spring Brook near Warrenville, Illinois","docAbstract":"A model based on de Sant-Venant equations for dynamic flow in open channels was calibrated and verified for a 0.75-mile urbanized reach of Spring Brook, a tributary to the West Branch Du Page River. The model was used to simulate flow in the reach, which passes through two short culverts, one with overbank flow during periods of high flow. Stage and discharge data were collected at 10 sites with the study reach during three high-flow periods. Simulated stages and discharges were compared graphically to field-collected data. Errors in simulated stage and discharge were small except when debris, not represented in the model, clogged the culvert.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2455","usgsCitation":"Turner, M.J., Pulokas, A.P., and Ishii, A., 1996, Implementation and verification of a one-dimensional, unsteady-flow model for Spring Brook near Warrenville, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2455, iv, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2455.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":37,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=WSP&number=2455","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":138980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2455/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29405,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2455/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a04e4b07f02db5f84b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turner, Mary J.","contributorId":91838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pulokas, Anthony P.","contributorId":84348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pulokas","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ishii, Audrey L. alishii@usgs.gov","contributorId":1818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishii","given":"Audrey L.","email":"alishii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":145881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1007993,"text":"1007993 - 1996 - Biological control of marine pests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T17:31:38.015485","indexId":"1007993","displayToPublicDate":"1996-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological control of marine pests","docAbstract":"Biological control, as used in terrestrial systems, may hold promise for use against exotic marine species. We first review some marine pests, displaying their diversity, the damage they cause, and possible controls. We then contrast approaches for marine and terrestrial pest control, providing guidelines for adapting terrestrial controls to the marine environment. Although several of the same principles apply in terrestrial and marine environments, marine systems differ with respect to the types of control agents available, the degree of pest—population reduction needed for effective control, the spatial scale over which biological control must operate effectively, the practicality of implementation, and the nature and degree of concern over safety. As an example, we propose a strategy for developing a biological control program against the European green crab, Carcinus maenas, which has had substantial negative impacts where previously introduced (New England, Atlantic Canada, South Africa, south Australia) and which has recently been introduced to central California, and to Tasmania. We conclude that biological control may be possible for some marine pests, but that existing strategies and expectations will require modification.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/2265695","usgsCitation":"Lafferty, K.D., and Kuris, A.M., 1996, Biological control of marine pests: Ecology, v. 77, no. 7, p. 1989-2000, https://doi.org/10.2307/2265695.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1989","endPage":"2000","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129960,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633d41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuris, Armand M.","contributorId":54332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuris","given":"Armand","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6753,"text":"fs13096 - 1996 - South Florida Ecosystem Program; gaging flows in northeastern Florida Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-02T16:18:07.819803","indexId":"fs13096","displayToPublicDate":"1996-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"130-96","title":"South Florida Ecosystem Program; gaging flows in northeastern Florida Bay","docAbstract":"The South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Program is an intergovernmental effort, involving a number of agencies, to reestablish and maintain the ecosystem of south Florida. One element of the restoration effort is the development of a firm scientific basis for resource decision making. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), one of the agencies, provides scientific information as part of the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Program. The USGS began their own program, called the South Florida Ecosystem Program, in fiscal year 1995 for the purpose of gathering hydrologic, cartographic, and geologic data that relate to the mainland of south Florida, Florida Bay, and the Florida Keys and Reef ecosystems.
Management of the south Florida ecosystem involves the use of hydrologic models that simulate the flow of water through the region. As sheetflow is reestablished by flow management in the wetlands of the Everglades, it is expected that changes will also be reflected in the amount of freshwater exiting the mainland through the principal streams or as sheetflow into Florida Bay. Several agencies, including the USGS and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE), are planning to use hydrologic models to simulate and predict the flows into Florida Bay and the circulation patterns within the bay itself. These models can then be used to determine the effects that management of the inland water system will have on the amount of freshwater the bay receives from the mainland. This project will provide modelers with essential flow and specific conductance data along the mangrove zone where data have not been previously available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs13096","usgsCitation":"Patino, E., 1996, South Florida Ecosystem Program; gaging flows in northeastern Florida Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 130-96, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13096.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0130/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34123,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0130/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.04 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1996-130"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"northeastern Florida Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.05438232421874,\n 24.804188177830667\n ],\n [\n -80.39794921875,\n 24.804188177830667\n ],\n [\n -80.39794921875,\n 25.309269760067775\n ],\n [\n -81.05438232421874,\n 25.309269760067775\n ],\n [\n -81.05438232421874,\n 24.804188177830667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Program is an intergovernmental effort, involving a number of agencies, to reestablish and maintain the ecosystem of south Florida. One element of the restoration effort is the development of a firm scientific basis for resource decision making. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), one of the agencies, provides scientific information as part of the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Program. The USGS began their own program, called the South Florida Ecosystem Program, in fiscal year 1995 for the purpose of gathering hydrologic, cartographic, and geologic data that relate to the mainland of south Florida, Florida Bay, and the Florida Keys and Reef ecosystems.
Over the years, the construction of canals and levees has altered the natural hydrologic conditions of the Everglades. The canals and levees were constructed to convey water, prevent flooding, and store water in conservation areas for future use. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) in Jacksonville, Fla., is planning to construct gated spillways and culverts to allow for the restoration of natural sheetflow conditions to Everglades National Park (ENP). These proposed changes may further affect the hydrologic conditions of ENP and other parts of the ecosystem, thus leading to the following questions:
Federal, State, and local agencies need to know the effect that changes in the operation of gates and control structures in canals will have on the water-budget components of the natural water systems in south Florida, including ground-water flow to Biscayne Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs13196","usgsCitation":"South Florida Ecosystem Program; ground-water discharges to Biscayne Bay; 1996; FS; 131-96; Quinones-Aponte, Vicente","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117295,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_131_96.jpg"},{"id":793,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0131/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.69995508465435,\n 26.6587729618319\n ],\n [\n -80.69995508465435,\n 25.145410427425105\n ],\n [\n -79.85441995142408,\n 25.145410427425105\n ],\n [\n -79.85441995142408,\n 26.6587729618319\n ],\n [\n -80.69995508465435,\n 26.6587729618319\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Metal concentrations were examined in sediments from 497 sites within the estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico by the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). Data were normalized for extant concentrations of aluminum to isolate natural factors from anthropogenic ones. The normalization was based on the hypothesis that metal concentrations vary consistently with the concentration of aluminum, unless metals are of anthropogenic origin. Strong linear correlations (>75% variation explained) were observed between Al and Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn. Moderate correlations (50–75% variation explained) were observed between Al and As or Ag. Weak but significant correlations (30–40% variation explained) were observed between Al and Hg or Cd. Based on these results, the spatial extent of contamination was examined. About 39% of sites with contamination by at least one metal occurred near population centers, industrial discharge sites, or military bases. The remainder of the observed contamination represented a dispersed pattern, including the lower Mississippi River (7%) and numerous agricultural watersheds (54%), suggesting that the contamination might be from nonpoint sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1352519","usgsCitation":"Summers, J., Wade, T.L., Engle, V.D., and Malaeb, Z.A., 1996, Normalization of metal concentrations in estuarine sediments from the Gulf of Mexico: Estuaries, v. 19, no. 3, p. 581-594, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352519.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"581","endPage":"594","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366786,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas ","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.27294921875,\n 25.93828707492375\n ],\n [\n -96.6796875,\n 25.918526162075153\n ],\n [\n -96.56982421875,\n 27.527758206861886\n ],\n [\n -94.28466796874999,\n 29.017748018496047\n ],\n [\n -92.74658203125,\n 29.22889003019423\n ],\n [\n -91.1865234375,\n 28.729130483430154\n ],\n [\n -88.857421875,\n 28.786918085420226\n ],\n [\n -88.154296875,\n 29.859701442126756\n ],\n [\n -86.50634765625,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -85.341796875,\n 29.22889003019423\n ],\n [\n -84.04541015625,\n 29.649868677972304\n ],\n [\n -83.25439453125,\n 28.86391842622456\n ],\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 27.27416111737468\n ],\n [\n -82.4853515625,\n 28.05259082333983\n ],\n [\n -82.4853515625,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -83.5400390625,\n 30.107117887092357\n ],\n [\n -84.35302734375,\n 30.334953881988564\n ],\n [\n -85.078125,\n 30.088107753367257\n ],\n [\n -86.30859375,\n 30.619004797647808\n ],\n [\n -87.47314453125,\n 30.770159115784214\n ],\n [\n -88.39599609375,\n 30.86451022625836\n ],\n [\n -89.8681640625,\n 30.637912028341123\n ],\n [\n -90.63720703125,\n 30.581179257386985\n ],\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 30.183121842195515\n ],\n [\n -90.90087890624999,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -92.46093749999999,\n 30.183121842195515\n ],\n [\n -93.42773437499999,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -94.482421875,\n 30.183121842195515\n ],\n [\n -95.5810546875,\n 29.859701442126756\n ],\n [\n -97.0751953125,\n 28.825425374477224\n ],\n [\n -98.1298828125,\n 27.01998400798257\n ],\n [\n -97.27294921875,\n 25.93828707492375\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Summers, J.Kevin","contributorId":25721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Summers","given":"J.Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wade, Terry L.","contributorId":218277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wade","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engle, Virginia D.","contributorId":218278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engle","given":"Virginia","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Malaeb, Ziad A.","contributorId":215704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malaeb","given":"Ziad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189413,"text":"70189413 - 1996 - Presentation and evaluation of a new multi-stage parameter estimation method using advective transport observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T13:31:21","indexId":"70189413","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Presentation and evaluation of a new multi-stage parameter estimation method using advective transport observations","docAbstract":"Observations of advective groundwater transport, generally inferred from concentration measurements, have been found to help in the estimation of groundwater flow parameters. Transverse dispersion, however, can make it difficult to determine the location of the groundwater advective front directly from concentration measurements. A three-stage iterative procedure is developed to estimate groundwater flow and transport parameters from head and concentration data, and is tested using an analytical model. The results are compared to those obtained when advective and dispersive transport parameters are estimated simultaneously. The iterative procedure can be effective at estimating advective and dispersive parameters that improve the fit to the concentration data, but the simultaneous procedure generally produces a better, optimal fit to the concentration data and, therefore, estimates more accurate and precise parameters values. This is accomplished in fewer iterations. It had been anticipated that this iterative procedure might be effective and efficient for using concentration data to estimate parameters of numerical models, but these preliminary results suggest that its utility is limited.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Calibration and Reliability in Groundwater Modelling: Proceedings of the ModelCARE'96 Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"ModelCARE'96 Conference ","conferenceDate":"September 24-26","conferenceLocation":"Golden Colorado","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","usgsCitation":"Anderman, E.R., Poeter, E.P., and Hill, M.C., 1996, Presentation and evaluation of a new multi-stage parameter estimation method using advective transport observations, chap. of Calibration and Reliability in Groundwater Modelling: Proceedings of the ModelCARE'96 Conference, p. 179-188.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"179","endPage":"188","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343725,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59673546e4b0d1f9f05dd7f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderman, Evan R.","contributorId":95505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderman","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poeter, Eileen P.","contributorId":78805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"Eileen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008053,"text":"1008053 - 1996 - Spatial scaling of allometry among terrestrial, mammalian carnivores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-20T16:46:36.769638","indexId":"1008053","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial scaling of allometry among terrestrial, mammalian carnivores","docAbstract":"A regression slope of −0.75 between log10 density and log10 body mass is thought to express equivalence of energy conversion among species' populations of similar taxonomic and trophic status. Using larger sample sizes than the usual 1–3 density estimates per species, we estimated a regression slope of −0.71 for terrestrial mammalian carnivores. We investigated the sampling variation in this estimate, and those derived from smaller intra-specific subsets, using 1000-iteration bootstrap analyses to obtain 90% confidence intervals. As expected, these widened as random subsets were reduced in size, but always contained the postulated −0.75. However, log10 density also declined as 3/4 of the log10 spatial extent of study area, and study area accounted for virtually all of the variation in density that was previously thought due to body mass. We removed the effect of study area by using the species-specific regression models between density and study area to predict density at a common scale of 400 km2. These common-scale densities regressed against body mass with a slope of −0.16, but separated into body mass classes less than and greater than 11 kg, they produced slopes that were not significantly different from zero. We show that the allometry of density could be a case of circular logic, whereby body mass has influenced the investigator's choice of study area, and the resulting scale-dependent densities are related back to body mass. To test the allometry hypothesis, the effect of study area on density estimates needs to be removed. This requires conducting larger-scale studies of the smaller-bodied species so that all species compared are represented by an average study area that is near the common scale. Furthermore, study sites need to be selected and designed to represent more than the local detail in species' density.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF00333952","usgsCitation":"Smallwood, K.S., Jones, G., and Schonewald, C., 1996, Spatial scaling of allometry among terrestrial, mammalian carnivores: Oecologia, v. 107, no. 4, p. 588-594, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00333952.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"588","endPage":"594","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130950,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6cc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smallwood, K. Shawn","contributorId":25899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smallwood","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Shawn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, G.","contributorId":39722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schonewald, C.","contributorId":81831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schonewald","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}