{"pageNumber":"1300","pageRowStart":"32475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165309,"records":[{"id":70117642,"text":"ofr20141161 - 2014 - Colorado River campsite monitoring, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 1998-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T08:58:10","indexId":"ofr20141161","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T08:35:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1161","title":"Colorado River campsite monitoring, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 1998-2012","docAbstract":"<p>River rafting trips and hikers use sandbars along the Colorado River in Marble and Grand Canyons as campsites. The U.S. Geological Survey evaluated the effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations on campsite areas on sandbars along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park. Campsite area was measured annually from 1998 to 2012 at 37 study sites between Lees Ferry and Diamond Creek, Arizona. The primary purpose of this report is to present the methods and results of the project.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Campsite area surveys were conducted using total station survey methods to outline the perimeter of camping area at each study site. Campsite area is defined as any region of smooth substrate (most commonly sand) with no more than an 8 degree slope and little or no vegetation. We used this definition, but relaxed the slope criteria to include steeper areas near boat mooring locations where campers typically establish their kitchens.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The results show that campsite area decreased over the course of the study period, but at a rate that varied by elevation zone and by survey period. Time-series plots show that from 1998 to 2012, high stage-elevation (greater than the 25,000 ft<sup>3</sup>/s stage-elevation) campsite area decreased significantly, although there was no significant trend in low stage-elevation (15,000–20,000 ft<sup>3</sup>/s) campsite area. High stage-elevation campsite area increased after the 2004 and 2008 high flows, but decreased in the intervals between high flows. Although no overall trend was detected for low stage-elevation campsite areas, they did increase after high-volume dam releases equal to or greater than about 20,000 ft<sup>3</sup>/s. We conclude that dam operations have not met the management objectives of the Glen Canyon Adaptive Management program to increase the size of camping beaches in critical and non-critical reaches of the Colorado River between Glen Canyon Dam and Lake Mead.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141161","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Northern Arizona University","usgsCitation":"Kaplinski, M., Hazel, J., Parnell, R., Hadley, D.R., and Grams, P., 2014, Colorado River campsite monitoring, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 1998-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1161, Report: iv, 24 p.; Appendix A, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141161.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 24 p.; Appendix A","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052001","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291244,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141161.PNG"},{"id":291234,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1161/"},{"id":291243,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1161/pdf/ofr2014-1161_appendixA.pdf"},{"id":291242,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1161/pdf/ofr2014-1161.pdf"}],"projection":"Arizona State Plane Projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River;Grand Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.277,35.5993 ], [ -114.277,37.1975 ], [ -111.2366,37.1975 ], [ -111.2366,35.5993 ], [ -114.277,35.5993 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaplinski, Matt","contributorId":65817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplinski","given":"Matt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hazel, Joe","contributorId":61758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazel","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parnell, Rod","contributorId":15711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parnell","given":"Rod","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hadley, Daniel R. dhadley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hadley","given":"Daniel","email":"dhadley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grams, Paul","contributorId":42528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70117686,"text":"ofr20131170G - 2014 - SAFRR tsunami scenario: Impacts on California ecosystems, species, marine natural resources, and fisheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T15:42:59.086013","indexId":"ofr20131170G","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T08:18:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"G","title":"SAFRR tsunami scenario: Impacts on California ecosystems, species, marine natural resources, and fisheries","docAbstract":"<p>We evaluate the effects of the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario on California’s ecosystems, species, natural resources, and fisheries. We discuss mitigation and preparedness approaches that can be useful in Tsunami planning. The chapter provides an introduction to the role of ecosystems and natural resources in tsunami events (Section 1). A separate section focuses on specific impacts of the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario on California’s ecosystems and endangered species (Section 2). A section on commercial fisheries and the fishing fleet (Section 3) documents the plausible effects on California’s commercial fishery resources, fishing fleets, and communities. Sections 2 and 3 each include practical preparedness options for communities and suggestions on information needs or research.</p><p>Our evaluation indicates that many low-lying coastal habitats, including beaches, marshes and sloughs, rivers and waterways connected to the sea, as well as nearshore submarine habitats will be damaged by the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario. Beach erosion and complex or high volumes of tsunami-generated debris would pose major challenges for ecological communities. Several endangered species and protected areas are at risk. Commercial fisheries and fishing fleets will be affected directly by the tsunami and indirectly by dependencies on infrastructure that is damaged. There is evidence that in some areas intact ecosystems, notably sand dunes, will act as natural defenses against the tsunami waves. However, ecosystems do not provide blanket protection against tsunami surge. The consequences of ecological and natural resource damage are estimated in the millions of dollars. These costs are driven partly by the loss of ecosystem services, as well as cumulative and follow-on impacts where, for example, increased erosion during the tsunami can in turn lead to subsequent damage and loss to coastal properties. Recovery of ecosystems, natural resources and fisheries is likely to be lengthy and expensive. Preparedness is key to enhancing resilience to ecological impacts.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) tsunami scenario","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170G","collaboration":"This report is Chapter G in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>. For more information, see: <a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20131170\" target=\"_blank\">Open-File Report 2013-1170</a>.","usgsCitation":"Brosnan, D., Wein, A., and Wilson, R., 2014, SAFRR tsunami scenario: Impacts on California ecosystems, species, marine natural resources, and fisheries: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, vi, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170G.","productDescription":"vi, 60 p.","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050852","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131170G.jpg"},{"id":291233,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/g/"},{"id":291239,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/g/pdf/ofr2013-1170g.pdf"}],"country":"United 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Deborah","contributorId":97747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosnan","given":"Deborah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Rick","contributorId":12766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Rick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70188534,"text":"70188534 - 2014 - Imaging P and S attenuation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T15:08:54","indexId":"70188534","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Imaging P and S attenuation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region, northern California","docAbstract":"We obtain 3-D Qp and Qs models for the Delta region of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, a large fluvial-agricultural portion of the Great Valley located between the Sierra Nevada batholith and the San Francisco Bay - Coast Ranges region of active faulting. Path attenuation t* values have been obtained for P and S data from 124 distributed earthquakes, with a longer variable window for S based on the energy integral.  We use frequency dependence of 0.5 consistent with other studies, and weakly favored by the t* S data.  A regional initial model was obtained by solving for Q as a function of velocity.  In the final model, the Great Valley basin has low Q with very low Q (<50) for the shallowest portion of the Delta.  There is an underlying strong Q contrast to the ophiolite basement which is thickest with highest Q under the Sacramento basin, and a change in structure is apparent across the Suisun Bay as a transition to thinner ophiolite.  Moderately low Q is found in the upper crust west of the Delta region along the faults in the eastern North Bay Area, while, moderately high Q is found south of the Delta, implying potentially stronger ground motion for earthquake sources to the south.  Very low Q values in the shallow crust along parts of the major fault zones may relate to sediment and abundant microfractures.  In the lower crust below the San Andreas and Calaveras-Hayward-Rodgers Creek fault zones, the observed low Q is consistent with grain-size reduction in ductile shear zones and is lowest under the San Andreas which has large cumulative strain.  Similarly moderately low Q in the ductile lower crust of the Bay Area block between the major fault zones implies a broad distributed shear zone.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120130336","usgsCitation":"Eberhart-Phillips, D., Thurber, C., and Fletcher, J.P., 2014, Imaging P and S attenuation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region, northern California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 104, no. 5, p. 2322-2336, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130336.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"2322","endPage":"2336","ipdsId":"IP-061952","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342508,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.7117919921875,\n              39.89709437260048\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.01416015625,\n              38.225235239076824\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4813232421875,\n              37.63163475580643\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.00341796874999,\n              37.08585785263673\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.67932128906249,\n              36.730079507078415\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.55895996093749,\n              37.53150992479082\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.7017822265625,\n              38.043765107439675\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.08630371093749,\n              38.543869175876154\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.80590820312499,\n              39.317300373271024\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.2838134765625,\n              39.774769485295465\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.948486328125,\n              40.29628651711716\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.31103515625,\n              40.53050177574321\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.97021484374999,\n              40.53050177574321\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.398681640625,\n              40.40094763151963\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.72277832031251,\n              40.225024210604964\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.7117919921875,\n              39.89709437260048\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3be4b0764e6c65dc5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberhart-Phillips, Donna 0000-0003-0392-8659","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0392-8659","contributorId":190650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eberhart-Phillips","given":"Donna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurber, Clifford","contributorId":44067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"Clifford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fletcher, Jon Peter B. 0000-0001-8885-6177 jfletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-6177","contributorId":1216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Jon","email":"jfletcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70114209,"text":"sir20145107 - 2014 - Occurrence and transport of nitrogen in the Big Sunflower River, northwestern Mississippi, October 2009-June 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T08:14:25","indexId":"sir20145107","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-28T16:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5107","title":"Occurrence and transport of nitrogen in the Big Sunflower River, northwestern Mississippi, October 2009-June 2011","docAbstract":"<p>The Big Sunflower River Basin, located within the Yazoo River Basin, is subject to large annual inputs of nitrogen from agriculture, atmospheric deposition, and point sources. Understanding how nutrients are transported in, and downstream from, the Big Sunflower River is key to quantifying their eutrophying effects on the Gulf. Recent results from two Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed attributes (SPARROW models), which include the Big Sunflower River, indicate minimal losses of nitrogen in stream reaches typical of the main channels of major river systems. If SPARROW assumptions of relatively conservative transport of nitrogen are correct and surface-water losses through the bed of the Big Sunflower River are negligible, then options for managing nutrient loads to the Gulf of Mexico may be limited. Simply put, if every pound of nitrogen entering the Delta is eventually delivered to the Gulf, then the only effective nutrient management option in the Delta is to reduce inputs. If, on the other hand, it can be shown that processes within river channels of the Mississippi Delta act to reduce the mass of nitrogen in transport, other hydrologic approaches may be designed to further limit nitrogen transport. Direct validation of existing SPARROW models for the Delta is a first step in assessing the assumptions underlying those models.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In order to characterize spatial and temporal variability of nitrogen in the Big Sunflower River Basin, water samples were collected at four U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations located on the Big Sunflower River between October 1, 2009, and June 30, 2011. Nitrogen concentrations were generally highest at each site during the spring of the 2010 water year and the fall and winter of the 2011 water year. Additionally, the dominant form of nitrogen varied between sites. For example, in samples collected from the most upstream site (Clarksdale), the concentration of organic nitrogen was generally higher than the concentrations of ammonia and nitrate plus nitrite; conversely, at sites farther downstream (that is, at Sunflower and Anguilla), nitrate plus nitrite concentrations were generally higher than concentrations of organic nitrogen and ammonia.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In addition to the routinely collected samples, water samples from the Big Sunflower River Basin were collected using a Lagrangian sampling scheme, which attempts to follow a single mass of water through time in order to determine how it changes through processing or other pathways as the water moves downstream. Lagrangian sampling was conducted five times during the study period: (1) April 8–21, 2010, (2) May 12–June 3, 2010, (3) June 15–July 1, 2010, (4) August 23–30, 2010, and (5) May 16–20, 2011. Streamflow conditions were variable for each sampling event because of input from local precipitation and irrigation return flow, and streamflow losses through the streambed. Streamflow and total nitrogen flux increased with drainage area, and the dominant form of nitrogen varied with drainage area size and temporally across sampling events.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Results from each method indicate relatively conservative transport of nitrogen within the 160 miles between Clarksdale and Anguilla, providing further validation of the SPARROW models. Furthermore, these results suggest relatively conservative transport of nitrogen from the Big Sunflower River to the Gulf of Mexico and, therefore, imply a fairly close association of nutrient application and export from the Big Sunflower River Basin to the Mississippi River. However, within the Big Sunflower River Basin, two potential nitrogen sinks were identified and include the transport and potential transformation of nitrogen through the streambed and the sequestration and potential transformation of nitrogen above the drainage control structures downstream of Anguilla. By coupling these potential loss mechanisms with nitrogen transport dynamics, it may be possible to further reduce the amount of nitrogen leaving the Big Sunflower River Basin and ultimately arriving at the Gulf of Mexico.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District","usgsCitation":"Barlow, J.R., and Coupe, R.H., 2014, Occurrence and transport of nitrogen in the Big Sunflower River, northwestern Mississippi, October 2009-June 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5107, Report: vi, 29 p.; Appendix 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145107.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 29 p.; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-10-01","temporalEnd":"2011-06-30","ipdsId":"IP-040979","costCenters":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145107.jpg"},{"id":291226,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5107/"},{"id":291227,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5107/pdf/sir2014-5107.pdf"},{"id":291228,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5107/appendix/sir2014-5107_appendix1.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas;Louisiana;Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Big Sunflower River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.25,32.75 ], [ -91.25,34.75 ], [ -90.50,34.75 ], [ -90.50,32.75 ], [ -91.25,32.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, Jeannie R.B.","contributorId":33965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Jeannie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70112963,"text":"ds863 - 2014 - Annual agricultural pesticide use for Midwest Stream-Quality Assessment, 2012-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T13:04:17","indexId":"ds863","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-28T12:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"863","title":"Annual agricultural pesticide use for Midwest Stream-Quality Assessment, 2012-13","docAbstract":"<p>This report provides estimates of annual agricultural use of 190 pesticide compounds for counties and selected watersheds of Midwestern States for 2012 and 2013 compiled for subsequent analysis by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, Midwest Stream-Quality Assessment (MSQA). One of the goals of MSQA is to characterize contaminants at perennial-stream sites throughout the Corn Belt. Evaluating pesticide inputs from agricultural sources will aid in that characterization.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Crop acres for selected Midwestern crops were obtained from the Cropland Data Layer of the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service and used in conjunction with GfK Kynetec, Inc. proprietary Crop Reporting District-level pesticide-use data to estimate pesticide use for counties and watersheds. Estimated pesticide use (EPest) values were calculated by using both the “EPest-high” and “EPest-low” methods, the distinction being that there are more counties with estimated pesticide use for EPest-high compared to EPest-low, owing to differing assumptions about missing survey data.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>County-level and watershed-level estimates of annual agricultural pesticide use are provided as downloadable, tab-delimited files for both EPest-high and Epest-low. Summary graphs of MSQA watershed-level pesticide use for selected crops are also provided.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds863","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Baker, N.T., and Stone, W.W., 2014, Annual agricultural pesticide use for Midwest Stream-Quality Assessment, 2012-13: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 863, Report: iv, 17 p.; Tables 4-7, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds863.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 17 p.; Tables 4-7","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-055603","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds863.jpg"},{"id":291163,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0863/pdf/ds863.pdf"},{"id":291161,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0863/"},{"id":291164,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0863/tables/ds863.zip"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0577,35.9957 ], [ -104.0577,49.38 ], [ -80.5182,49.38 ], [ -80.5182,35.9957 ], [ -104.0577,35.9957 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, Nancy T. 0000-0002-7979-5744 ntbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7979-5744","contributorId":1955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Nancy","email":"ntbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Wesley W. 0000-0003-0239-2063 wwstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-2063","contributorId":1496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Wesley","email":"wwstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70114018,"text":"ofr20141126 - 2014 - Estimation of methane concentrations and loads in groundwater discharge to Sugar Run, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T10:24:54","indexId":"ofr20141126","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-28T10:12:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1126","title":"Estimation of methane concentrations and loads in groundwater discharge to Sugar Run, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"A stream-sampling study was conducted to estimate methane concentrations and loads in groundwater discharge to a small stream in an active shale-gas development area of northeastern Pennsylvania. Grab samples collected from 15 streams in Bradford, Lycoming, Susquehanna, and Tioga Counties, Pa., during a reconnaissance survey in May and June 2013 contained dissolved methane concentrations ranging from less than the minimum reporting limit (1.0) to 68.5 micrograms per liter (µg/L). The stream-reach mass-balance method of estimating concentrations and loads of methane in groundwater discharge was applied to a 4-kilometer (km) reach of Sugar Run in Lycoming County, one of the four streams with methane concentrations greater than or equal to 5 µg/L. Three synoptic surveys of stream discharge and methane concentrations were conducted during base-flow periods in May, June, and November 2013. Stream discharge at the lower end of the reach was about 0.10, 0.04, and 0.02 cubic meters per second, respectively, and peak stream methane concentrations were about 20, 67, and 29 µg/L. In order to refine estimated amounts of groundwater discharge and locations where groundwater with methane discharges to the stream, the lower part of the study reach was targeted more precisely during the successive studies, with approximate spacing between stream sampling sites of 800 meters (m), 400 m, and 200 m, in May, June, and November, respectively. Samples collected from shallow piezometers and a seep near the location of the peak methane concentration measured in streamwater had groundwater methane concentrations of 2,300 to 4,600 µg/L. These field data, combined with one-dimensional stream-methane transport modeling, indicate groundwater methane loads of 1.8 ±0.8, 0.7 ±0.3, and 0.7 ±0.2 kilograms per day, respectively, discharging to Sugar Run. Estimated groundwater methane concentrations, based on the transport modeling, ranged from 100 to 3,200 µg/L. Although total methane load and the uncertainty in calculated loads both decreased with lower streamflow conditions and finer-resolution sampling in June and November, the higher loads during May could indicate seasonal variability in base flow. This is consistent with flowmeter measurements indicating that there was less inflow occurring at lower streamflow conditions during June and November.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141126","usgsCitation":"Heilweil, V.M., Risser, D.W., Conger, R.W., Grieve, P.L., and Hynek, S.A., 2014, Estimation of methane concentrations and loads in groundwater discharge to Sugar Run, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1126, viii, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141126.","productDescription":"viii, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055342","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291113,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141126.jpg"},{"id":291112,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1126/"},{"id":291111,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1126/support/ofr2014-1126.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Lycoming County","otherGeospatial":"Sugar Run","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.60,41.25 ], [ -77.60,42.00 ], [ -75.50,42.00 ], [ -75.50,41.25 ], [ -77.60,41.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heilweil, Victor M. heilweil@usgs.gov","contributorId":837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"Victor","email":"heilweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risser, Dennis W. 0000-0001-9597-5406 dwrisser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9597-5406","contributorId":898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"Dennis","email":"dwrisser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conger, Randall W. rwconger@usgs.gov","contributorId":2086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conger","given":"Randall","email":"rwconger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grieve, Paul L.","contributorId":45643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grieve","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hynek, Scott A. 0000-0002-6885-0445","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-0445","contributorId":52091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hynek","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70112486,"text":"sir20145100 - 2014 - Concentrations and transport of suspended sediment, nutrients, and pesticides in the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin during the 2011 Mississippi River flood, April through July","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T09:56:23","indexId":"sir20145100","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-28T09:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5100","title":"Concentrations and transport of suspended sediment, nutrients, and pesticides in the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin during the 2011 Mississippi River flood, April through July","docAbstract":"<p>High streamflow associated with the April–July 2011 Mississippi River flood forced the simultaneous opening of the three major flood-control structures in the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin for the first time in history in order to manage the amount of water moving through the system. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected samples for analysis of field properties, suspended-sediment concentration, particle-size, total nitrogen, nitrate plus nitrite, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, and up to 136 pesticides at 11 water-quality stations and 2 flood-control structures in the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin from just above the confluence of the upper Mississippi and Ohio Rivers downstream from April through July 2011. Monthly fluxes of suspended sediment, suspended sand, total nitrogen, nitrate plus nitrite, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, atrazine, simazine, metolachlor, and acetochlor were estimated at 9 stations and 2 flood-control structures during the flood period.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Although concentrations during the 2011 flood were within the range of what has been observed historically, concentrations decreased during peak streamflow on the lower Mississippi River. Prior to the 2011 flood, high concentrations of suspended sediment and nitrate were observed in March 2011 at stations downstream of the confluence of the upper Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, which probably resulted in a loss of available material for movement during the flood. In addition, the major contributor of streamflow to the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin during April and May was the Ohio River, whose water contained lower concentrations of suspended sediment, pesticides, and nutrients than water from the upper Mississippi River. Estimated fluxes for the 4-month flood period were still quite high and contributed approximately 50 percent of the estimated annual suspended sediment, nitrate, and total phosphorus fluxes in 2011; the largest fluxes were estimated at the water-quality station located at Vicksburg, Mississippi.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The majority of the suspended-sediment flux introduce into the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin during the 2011 flood was in the form of fine-grained particles from the upper Mississippi River—77 percent of the suspended-sediment flux compared to 23 percent from the Ohio River. As water moved downstream along the lower Mississippi River, there were losses in suspended-sediment flux because of deposition and backwater areas. Fluxes showed a greater response to increased streamflow in the Atchafalaya River than in the lower Mississippi River. The result was a gain in suspended-sediment flux with distance downstream in the Atchafalaya River because of resuspension of previously deposited materials—particularly sand particles. Overall, 13 percent less suspended sediment left the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin than entered it from the confluence of the upper Mississippi and Ohio Rivers during the flood. The loss in suspended-sediment flux during the flood accounted for 14 percent of the 2011 annual suspended-sediment flux loss within the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Nitrate composed approximately 70 percent of the total nitrogen flux at all of the sampled water-quality stations, excluding the Arkansas River. Almost 2.4 times more nitrate flux entered the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin from the upper Mississippi River than from the Ohio River. As nitrate moved down the lower Mississippi River and the Atchafalaya River, there were no substantial losses or gains in flux, indicating that nitrate moved conservatively within the subbasin during the 2011 flood. Although streamflow was the largest on record, nitrate flux during the flood period resulted in a zone of hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico that was only the tenth largest on record.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The flux of total phosphorus in the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin during the 2011 flood was strongly related to suspended-sediment flux at most of the stations. There were significant gains in total phosphorus flux in the Atchafalaya River during the flood period and losses between the stations along the lower Mississippi River. Overall, however, the amount of total phosphorus flux that left the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin was only 1.7 percent less than the flux that entered it from the upper Mississippi River and the Ohio River, indicating that total phosphorus flux within the subbasin during the flood was conservative.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>As streamflow was decreasing within the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin, orthophosphate composed an increasing percentage of the total phosphorus concentration, probably because of the return of waters low in oxygen concentration from areas such as inundated lands, backwater streams, and floodways. Poorly oxygenated waters promote the release of sediment-bound phosphorus into the more-readily available dissolved form (measured as orthophosphate in this study). Because of processing within the subbasin during the flood period, there was a 25-percent gain in orthophosphate flux between the confluence of the upper Mississippi and Ohio Rivers and the outlet of the subbasin.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Of the 136 pesticide compounds and degradates that were analyzed, only 18 were detected above the method reporting level. The 18 compounds that were detected fell into three categories: (1) compounds that were frequently detected and showed a response in concentration to the flood; (2) compounds that were detected in almost every sample at every station but at low concentrations; and (3) compounds that were infrequently detected. Fluxes for the most frequently detected pesticides having the highest concentrations (atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, and simazine) were within the low-to-middle range of historic fluxes.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>An average of 66,450 cubic feet per second of streamflow was diverted from the lower Mississippi River through the Morganza Floodway into the Atchafalaya River from May 14 through July 7, 2011. Dissolved oxygen concentrations in the floodway decreased with the amount of time that the flood control structure was open, which affected nitrate and orthophosphate concentrations. As dissolved oxygen concentrations decreased in the floodway, nitrate concentrations decreased and orthophosphate concentrations increased. Oil and gas samples were also collected at 1 station upstream and 1 station downstream from the outlet of the Morganza Floodway into the Atchafalaya River. There were no detections of petroleum hydrocarbons in the upstream or downstream samples. All concentrations of oil and grease were relatively low, and the effect of water from the floodway on water quality in the Atchafalaya River could not be determined because oil and grease samples were not collected from the floodway.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145100","collaboration":"National Stream Quality Accounting Network","usgsCitation":"Welch, H.L., Coupe, R.H., and Aulenbach, B.T., 2014, Concentrations and transport of suspended sediment, nutrients, and pesticides in the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin during the 2011 Mississippi River flood, April through July: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5100, v, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145100.","productDescription":"v, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-04-01","temporalEnd":"2011-07-31","ipdsId":"IP-043690","costCenters":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145100.jpg"},{"id":291104,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5100/"},{"id":291105,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5100/pdf/sir2014-5100.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lower Mississippi-atchafalaya River Subbasin;Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.1,28.6 ], [ -109.1,40.0 ], [ -85.0,40.0 ], [ -85.0,28.6 ], [ -109.1,28.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welch, Heather L. 0000-0001-8370-7711 hllott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8370-7711","contributorId":552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Heather","email":"hllott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T. 0000-0003-2863-1288 btaulenb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-1288","contributorId":3057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent","email":"btaulenb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70104293,"text":"sir20145062 - 2014 - Repeated multibeam echosounder hydrographic surveys of 15 selected bridge crossings along the Missouri River from Niobrara to Rulo, Nebraska, during the flood of 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T09:38:47","indexId":"sir20145062","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-28T09:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5062","title":"Repeated multibeam echosounder hydrographic surveys of 15 selected bridge crossings along the Missouri River from Niobrara to Rulo, Nebraska, during the flood of 2011","docAbstract":"<p>In 2011, unprecedented flooding in the Missouri River prompted transportation agencies to increase the frequency of monitoring riverbed elevations near bridges that cross the Missouri River. Hydrographic surveys were completed in cooperation with the Nebraska Department of Roads, using a multibeam echosounder at 15 highway bridges spanning the Missouri River from Niobrara to Rulo, Nebraska during and after the extreme 2011 flood.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Evidence of bed elevation change near bridge piers was documented. The greatest amount of bed elevation change during the 2011 flood documented for this study occurred at the Burt County Missouri River Bridge at Decatur, Nebraska, where scour of about 45 feet, from before flooding, occurred between a bridge abutment and pier. Of the remaining sites, highway bridges where bed elevation change near piers appeared to have exceeded 10 feet include the Abraham Lincoln Memorial Bridge at Blair, Nebr., Bellevue Bridge at Bellevue, Nebr., and Nebraska City Bridge at Nebraska City, Nebr.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Hydrographic surveys at 14 of the 15 sites were completed in mid-July and again in early October or late-November 2011. Near three of the bridges, the bed elevation of locations surveyed in July increased by more than 10 feet, on average, by late October or early November 2011. Bed elevations increased between 1 and 10 feet, on average, near six bridges. Near the remaining four bridges, bed elevations decreased between 1 and 4 feet, on average, from July to late October or early November.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nebraska Department of Roads","usgsCitation":"Dietsch, B.J., Densmore, B.K., and Strauch, K.R., 2014, Repeated multibeam echosounder hydrographic surveys of 15 selected bridge crossings along the Missouri River from Niobrara to Rulo, Nebraska, during the flood of 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5062, xiii, 153 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145062.","productDescription":"xiii, 153 p.","numberOfPages":"172","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-041877","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291098,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145062.jpg"},{"id":291096,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5062/"},{"id":291097,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5062/pdf/sir2014-5062.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 14","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.25,39.75 ], [ -98.25,43.25 ], [ -94.0,43.25 ], [ -94.0,39.75 ], [ -98.25,39.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dietsch, Benjamin J. 0000-0003-1090-409X bdietsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-409X","contributorId":1346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietsch","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdietsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, Brenda K. 0000-0003-2429-638X bdensmore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2429-638X","contributorId":4896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Brenda","email":"bdensmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strauch, Kellan R. 0000-0002-7218-2099 kstrauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7218-2099","contributorId":1006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauch","given":"Kellan","email":"kstrauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70118245,"text":"70118245 - 2014 - Unsupported inferences of high-severity fire in historical dry forests of the western United States: Response to Williams and Baker","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T15:59:01","indexId":"70118245","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-28T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unsupported inferences of high-severity fire in historical dry forests of the western United States: Response to Williams and Baker","docAbstract":"Reconstructions of dry western US forests in the late 19th century in Arizona, Colorado and Oregon based on General Land Office records were used by Williams & Baker (2012; Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21, 1042–1052; hereafter W&B) to infer past fire regimes with substantial moderate and high-severity burning. The authors concluded that present-day large, high-severity fires are not distinguishable from historical patterns. We present evidence of important errors in their study. First, the use of tree size distributions to reconstruct past fire severity and extent is not supported by empirical age–size relationships nor by studies that directly quantified disturbance history in these forests. Second, the fire severity classification of W&B is qualitatively different from most modern classification schemes, and is based on different types of data, leading to an inappropriate comparison. Third, we note that while W&B asserted ‘surprising’ heterogeneity in their reconstructions of stand density and species composition, their data are not substantially different from many previous studies which reached very different conclusions about subsequent forest and fire behaviour changes. Contrary to the conclusions of W&B, the preponderance of scientific evidence indicates that conservation of dry forest ecosystems in the western United States and their ecological, social and economic value is not consistent with a present-day disturbance regime of large, high-severity fires, especially under changing climate","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/geb.12136","usgsCitation":"Fule, P.Z., Swetnam, T., Brown, P.M., Falk, D., Peterson, D.L., Allen, C.D., Aplet, G.H., Battaglia, M., Binkley, D., Farris, C., Keane, R.E., Margolis, E., Grissino-Mayer, H., Miller, C., Sieg, C.H., Skinner, C., Stephens, S.L., and Taylor, A., 2014, Unsupported inferences of high-severity fire in historical dry forests of the western United States: Response to Williams and Baker: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 23, no. 7, p. 825-830, https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12136.","productDescription":"6 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,{"id":70118084,"text":"70118084 - 2014 - Assessing the solubility controls on vanadium in groundwater, northeastern San Joaquin Valley, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T10:01:01","indexId":"70118084","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-25T14:35:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the solubility controls on vanadium in groundwater, northeastern San Joaquin Valley, CA","docAbstract":"<p>The solubility controls on vanadium (V) in groundwater were studied due to concerns over possible harmful health effects of ingesting V in drinking water. Vanadium concentrations in the northeastern San Joaquin Valley ranged from <3 μg/L to 70 μg/L with a median of 21 μg/L. Concentrations of V were highest in samples collected from oxic groundwater (49% > 25 μg/L) and lowest in samples collected from anoxic groundwater (70% < 0.8 μg/L). In oxic groundwater, speciation modeling (SM) using PHREEQC predicted that V exists primarily as the oxyanion H<sub>2</sub>VO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>. Adsorption/desorption reactions with mineral surfaces and associated oxide coatings were indicated as the primary solubility control of V<sup>5+</sup> oxyanions in groundwater. Environmental data showed that V concentrations in oxic groundwater generally increased with increasing groundwater pH. However, data from adsorption isotherm experiments indicated that small variations in pH (7.4–8.2) were not likely as an important a factor as the inherent adsorption capacity of oxide assemblages coating the surface of mineral grains. In suboxic groundwater, accurate SM modeling was difficult since Eh measurements of source water were not measured in this study. Vanadium concentrations in suboxic groundwater decreased with increasing pH indicating that V may exist as an oxycationic species [e.g. V(OH)<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>]. Vanadium may complex with dissolved inorganic and organic ligands under suboxic conditions, which could alter the adsorption behavior of V in groundwater. Speciation modeling did not predict the existence of V-inorganic ligand complexes and organic ligands were not collected as part of this study. More work is needed to determine processes governing V solubility under suboxic groundwater conditions. Under anoxic groundwater conditions, SM predicts that aqueous V exists as the uncharged V(OH)<sub>3</sub> molecule. However, exceedingly low V concentrations show that V is sparingly soluble in anoxic conditions. Results indicated that V may be precipitating as V<sup>3+</sup>- or mixed V<sup>3+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup>-oxides in anoxic groundwater, which is consistent with results of a previous study. The fact that V appears insoluble in anoxic (Fe reducing) redox conditions indicates that the behavior of V is different than arsenic (As) in aquifer systems where the reductive dissolution of Fe-oxides with As adsorbed to the surface is a well-documented mechanism for increasing As concentrations in groundwater. This hypothesis is supported by the relation of V to As concentrations in oxic versus anoxic redox conditions.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Sequential extraction procedures (SEP) applied to aquifer material showed that the greatest amount of V was recovered by the nitric acid (HNO<sub>3</sub>) extract (37–71%), followed by the oxalate-ascorbic acid extract (19–60%) and the oxalate extract (3–14%). These results indicate that V was not associated with the solid phase as an easily exchangeable fraction. Although the total amount of V recovered was greatest for the HNO<sub>3</sub> extract that targets V adsorbed to sorption sites of crystalline Al, Fe and Mn oxides, the greatest V saturation of sorption sites appeared to occur on the amorphous and poorly crystalline oxide solid phases targeted by the oxalate and oxalate-ascorbic acid extracts respectively. Adsorption isotherm experiments showed no correlation between V sorption and any of the fractions identified by the SEP. This lack of correlation indicates the application of an SEP alone is not adequate to estimate the sorption characteristics of V in an aquifer system.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.025","usgsCitation":"Wright, M.T., Stollenwerk, K.G., and Belitz, K., 2014, Assessing the solubility controls on vanadium in groundwater, northeastern San Joaquin Valley, CA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 48, p. 41-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.025.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-045310","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291025,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.025"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.5,37.0 ], [ -121.5,38.5 ], [ -120.0,38.5 ], [ -120.0,37.0 ], [ -121.5,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Michael T. 0000-0003-0653-6466 mtwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-6466","contributorId":1508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Michael","email":"mtwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70118051,"text":"70118051 - 2014 - Analysis of the impact of spatial resolution on land/water classifications using high-resolution aerial imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T09:59:28","indexId":"70118051","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-25T13:04:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of the impact of spatial resolution on land/water classifications using high-resolution aerial imagery","docAbstract":"<p>Long-term monitoring efforts often use remote sensing to track trends in habitat or landscape conditions over time. To most appropriately compare observations over time, long-term monitoring efforts strive for consistency in methods. Thus, advances and changes in technology over time can present a challenge. For instance, modern camera technology has led to an increasing availability of very high-resolution imagery (i.e. submetre and metre) and a shift from analogue to digital photography. While numerous studies have shown that image resolution can impact the accuracy of classifications, most of these studies have focused on the impacts of comparing spatial resolution changes greater than 2 m. Thus, a knowledge gap exists on the impacts of minor changes in spatial resolution (i.e. submetre to about 1.5 m) in very high-resolution aerial imagery (i.e. 2 m resolution or less).</p>\n<br>\n<p>This study compared the impact of spatial resolution on land/water classifications of an area dominated by coastal marsh vegetation in Louisiana, USA, using 1:12,000 scale colour-infrared analogue aerial photography (AAP) scanned at four different dot-per-inch resolutions simulating ground sample distances (GSDs) of 0.33, 0.54, 1, and 2 m. Analysis of the impact of spatial resolution on land/water classifications was conducted by exploring various spatial aspects of the classifications including density of waterbodies and frequency distributions in waterbody sizes. This study found that a small-magnitude change (1–1.5 m) in spatial resolution had little to no impact on the amount of water classified (i.e. percentage mapped was less than 1.5%), but had a significant impact on the mapping of very small waterbodies (i.e. waterbodies ≤ 250 m<sup>2</sup>). These findings should interest those using temporal image classifications derived from very high-resolution aerial photography as a component of long-term monitoring programs.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431161.2014.938181","usgsCitation":"Enwright, N.M., Jones, W.R., Garber, A., and Keller, M.J., 2014, Analysis of the impact of spatial resolution on land/water classifications using high-resolution aerial imagery: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 35, no. 13, p. 5280-5288, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2014.938181.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"5280","endPage":"5288","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-039101","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290987,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2014.938181"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Lake Pontchartrain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.9411,30.1971 ], [ -89.9411,30.3175 ], [ -89.7413,30.3175 ], [ -89.7413,30.1971 ], [ -89.9411,30.1971 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"35","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Enwright, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-7887-3261 enwrightn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-3261","contributorId":4880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enwright","given":"Nicholas","email":"enwrightn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, William R. 0000-0002-5493-4138 jonesb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5493-4138","contributorId":463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"William","email":"jonesb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garber, Adrienne L. 0000-0003-1139-8256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1139-8256","contributorId":10332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garber","given":"Adrienne L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keller, Matthew J.","contributorId":63330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70113805,"text":"ofr20141127 - 2014 - Geologic logs of geotechnical cores from the subsurface Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T12:51:08","indexId":"ofr20141127","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-25T12:35:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1127","title":"Geologic logs of geotechnical cores from the subsurface Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California","docAbstract":"This report presents and summarizes descriptive geologic logs of geotechnical cores collected from 2009–12 in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, by the California Department of Water Resources. Graphic logs are presented for 1,785.7 ft of retained cores from 56 borehole sites throughout the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Most core sections are from a depth of ~100–200 feet. Cores primarily contain mud, silt, and sand lithologies. Tephra (volcanic ash and pumice), paleosols, and gravels are also documented in some core sections. Geologic observations contained in the core logs in this report provide stratigraphic context for subsequent sampling and data for future chronostratigraphic subsurface correlations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141127","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Maier, K., Ponti, D.J., Tinsley, J., Gatti, E., and Pagenkopp, M., 2014, Geologic logs of geotechnical cores from the subsurface Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1127, Report: iv, 16 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141127.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 16 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054788","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291007,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141127.jpg"},{"id":291004,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1127"},{"id":291005,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1127/pdf/ofr2014-1127.pdf"},{"id":291006,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1127/pdf/ofr2014-1127_appendix.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.8,37.8 ], [ -121.8,38.5 ], [ -121.45,38.5 ], [ -121.45,37.8 ], [ -121.8,37.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maier, Katherine L.","contributorId":91411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maier","given":"Katherine L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponti, Daniel J. 0000-0002-2437-5144 dponti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-5144","contributorId":1020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponti","given":"Daniel","email":"dponti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tinsley, John C. III jtinsley@usgs.gov","contributorId":3266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"John C.","suffix":"III","email":"jtinsley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gatti, Emma egatti@usgs.gov","contributorId":5302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gatti","given":"Emma","email":"egatti@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pagenkopp, Mark","contributorId":102802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pagenkopp","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70116799,"text":"fs20143064 - 2014 - Platinum-group elements: So many excellent properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-26T15:24:02.018359","indexId":"fs20143064","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-25T08:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3064","title":"Platinum-group elements: So many excellent properties","docAbstract":"<p>The platinum-group elements (PGE) include platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, and osmium. These metals have similar physical and chemical properties and occur together in nature. The properties of PGE, such as high melting points, corrosion resistance, and catalytic qualities, make them indispensable to many industrial applications. PGE are strategic and critical materials for many nations because they are essential for important industrial applications but are mined in a limited number of places and have no adequate substitutes.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Exploration and mining companies have found approximately 104,000 metric tons of PGE (with minor gold) in mineral deposits around the world that could be developed. For PGE, almost all known production and resources are associated with three geologic features: the Bushveld Complex, a layered mafic-to-ultramafic intrusion in South Africa; the Great Dyke, a layered mafic-to-ultramafic intrusion in Zimbabwe; and sill-like intrusions associated with flood basalts in the Noril’sk-Talnakh area, Russia.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>To help predict where PGE supplies might be located, USGS scientists study how and where PGE resources are concentrated in the Earth's crust and use that knowledge to assess the likelihood that undiscovered PGE deposits may exist. Techniques used for assessing mineral resources were developed by the USGS to support the stewardship of Federal lands and evaluate mineral resource availability in a global context. The USGS also compiles statistics and information on the worldwide supply, demand, and flow of PGE. These data are all used to inform U.S. national policymakers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143064","collaboration":"USGS Mineral Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Zientek, M.L., and Loferski, P.J., 2014, Platinum-group elements: So many excellent properties: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3064, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143064.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054262","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290959,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143064.jpg"},{"id":290958,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3064/pdf/fs2014-3064.pdf"},{"id":290957,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3064/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zientek, Michael L. 0000-0002-8522-9626 mzientek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-9626","contributorId":2420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"Michael","email":"mzientek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loferski, Patricia J. ploferski@usgs.gov","contributorId":4096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loferski","given":"Patricia","email":"ploferski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70114044,"text":"sir20145101 - 2014 - Characterization of salinity loads and selenium loads in the Smith Fork Creek region of the Lower Gunnison River Basin, western Colorado, 2008-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T16:12:10","indexId":"sir20145101","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T15:55:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5101","title":"Characterization of salinity loads and selenium loads in the Smith Fork Creek region of the Lower Gunnison River Basin, western Colorado, 2008-2009","docAbstract":"<p>The lower Gunnison River Basin of the Colorado River Basin has elevated salinity and selenium levels. The Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act of June 24, 1974 (Public Law 93–320, amended by Public Law 98–569), authorized investigation of the Lower Gunnison Basin Unit Salinity Control Project by the U.S. Department of the Interior. The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) and the Natural Resources Conservation Service are responsible for assessing and implementing measures to reduce salinity and selenium loading in the Colorado River Basin. Cost-sharing programs help farmers, ranchers, and canal companies improve the efficiency of water delivery systems and irrigation practices. The delivery systems (irrigation canals) have been identified as potential sources of seepage, which can contribute to salinity loading. Reclamation wants to identify seepage from irrigation systems in order to maximize the effectiveness of the various salinity-control methods, such as polyacrylamide lining and piping of irrigation canals programs. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Reclamation, developed a study to characterize the salinity and selenium loading of seven subbasins in the Smith Fork Creek region and identify where control efforts can be maximized to reduce salinity and selenium loading.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Total salinity loads ranged from 27.9±19.1 tons per year (t/yr) to 87,500±80,500 t/yr. The four natural subbasins—BkKm, RCG1, RCG2, and SF1—had total salinity loads of 27.9±19.1 t/yr, 371±248 t/yr, 2,180±1,590 t/yr, and 4,200±2,720 t/yr, respectively. The agriculturally influenced sites had salinity loads that ranged from 7,580±6,900 t/yr to 87,500±80,500 t/yr. Salinity loads for the subbasins AL1, B1, CK1, SF2, and SF3 were 7,580±6,900 t/yr; 28,300±26,700 t/yr; 48,700±36,100 t/yr; 87,500±80,900 t/yr; and 52,200±31,800 t/yr, respectively.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The agricultural salinity load was separated into three components: tail water, deep percolation, and canal seepage. Annual tail-water salinity loads ranged from 48.0 to 2,750 tons in the Smith Fork Creek region. The largest tail-water salinity load was in subbasin SF3, and the lowest salinity load from tail water was in subbasin R1. The remaining four agricultural subbasins—AL1, B1, CK1, and SF2—had tail-water loads of 285 t/yr, 180 t/yr, 333 t/yr, and 1,700 t/yr, respectively. The deep percolation component of the agricultural salinity load ranged from 3,300 t/yr in subbasin AL1 to 51,800 t/yr in subbasin SF2. Subbasins R1, B1, CK1, and SF3 had deep percolation salinity loads of 4,940 t/yr, 15,200 t/yr, 21,200 t/yr, and 23,600 t/yr, respectively. The canal seepage component of the agricultural salinity load ranged from 1,100 t/yr in subbasin AL1 to 15,300 t/yr in subbasin CK1. Subbasins B1, R1, SF2, and SF3 had canal seepage salinity loads of 6,610 t/yr, 3,890 t/yr, 9,430 t/yr, and 12,100 t/yr, respectively.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Four natural subbasins—RCG1, RCG2, SF1, and BkKm—were used to calculate natural salinity yields for the remaining subbasins. The appropriate salinity yield was applied to the corresponding number of acres and resulted in a natural salinity load for each subbasin. The annual salinity yields for the Dakota Sandstone and Burro Canyon Formation, Mancos Shale, and crystalline geologies are 0.217 tons per acre (t/acre), 0.113 t/acre, and 0.151 t/acre, respectively.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Three of the four natural subbasins had little to no selenium load based on the measured data and calculated selenium loads. Subbasins RCG1 and RCG2 had surface-water selenium loads of 0.106±0.024 pounds (lb) and 0.00 lb, respectively. Subbasin BkKm did not have an estimated surface-water selenium load because of the lack of any water-quality samples during the study period. The subbasin designated by site CK1 had the highest selenium load with 135±38.7 lb, and the next highest subbasins in decreasing order are B1, SF3, AL1, SF1, and R1 with selenium loads of 69.6±28.4 lb, 56.5±23.8 lb, 30.5±16.6 lb, 26.8±6.95 lb, and 15.6±27.7 lb, respectively.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and the Colorado River Salinity Control Forum","usgsCitation":"Richards, R.J., Linard, J.I., and Hobza, C.M., 2014, Characterization of salinity loads and selenium loads in the Smith Fork Creek region of the Lower Gunnison River Basin, western Colorado, 2008-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5101, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145101.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045746","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145101.jpg"},{"id":290954,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5101/pdf/sir2014-5101.pdf"},{"id":290953,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5101/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 13","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Gunnison River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.874069,38.49928 ], [ -107.874069,38.899583 ], [ -107.357025,38.899583 ], [ -107.357025,38.49928 ], [ -107.874069,38.49928 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richards, Rodney J. 0000-0003-3953-984X rjrichar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-984X","contributorId":2204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Rodney","email":"rjrichar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linard, Joshua I. jilinard@usgs.gov","contributorId":1465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linard","given":"Joshua","email":"jilinard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hobza, Christopher M. 0000-0002-6239-934X cmhobza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-934X","contributorId":2393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobza","given":"Christopher","email":"cmhobza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70117836,"text":"ofr20141155 - 2014 - Urban ecosystem services and decision making for a green Philadelphia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T14:16:42","indexId":"ofr20141155","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T14:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1155","title":"Urban ecosystem services and decision making for a green Philadelphia","docAbstract":"<p>Traditional approaches to urban development often do not account for, or recognize, the role of ecosystem services and the benefits these services provide to the health and well-being of city residents. Without such accounting, urban ecosystem services are likely to be degraded over time, with negative consequences for the sustainability of cities and the well-being of their residents (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005; Hirsch, 2008). On May 23, 2013, the Spatial Integration Laboratory for Urban Systems (SILUS), a collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Science and Decisions Center and the Wharton GIS Lab, convened a one-day symposium—Urban Ecosystem Services and Decision Making: A Green Philadelphia—at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to examine the role of green infrastructure in the environmental, economic, and social well-being of cities. Cosponsored by the USGS and the Penn Institute for Urban Research (Penn IUR), the symposium brought together policymakers, practitioners, and researchers from a range of disciplines to advance a research agenda on the use of science in public decision making to inform investment in green infrastructure and ecosystem services in urban areas.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The city of Philadelphia has recently implemented a program designed to sustain urban ecosystem services and advance the use of green infrastructure. In 2009, the Philadelphia Mayor’s Office of Sustainability launched its Greenworks plan, establishing a citywide sustainability strategy. Major contributions towards its goals are being implemented in coordination with the Philadelphia Water Department (PWD). The Green City, Clean Waters initiative, the city’s nationally recognized stormwater management plan, was signed into action with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in April 2012. The plan outlines a 25-year strategy to use green infrastructure to protect and improve the city’s watershed. Widespread support for the plan marks a citywide effort to factor environmental quality concerns into the city’s strategic planning, choosing to replace expensive and aging grey infrastructure, with innovative and resilient green infrastructure.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The symposium focused on these city of Philadelphia initiatives and also on two new Federal- local partnership programs: America’s Great Outdoors, initiated to promote conservation and recreation, and the Urban Waters Federal Partnership, a multiagency effort to reconnect urban communities to their waterways.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>A second goal of the symposium was to advance a research agenda on urban ecosystem services. While there has been considerable work on ecosystem services, the discussion of the benefits provided by urban ecosystems is not as developed. Benefits range from improved water and air quality to quality of life gains, including aesthetic and recreational considerations. There is also need for additional focused research toward furthering the understanding of the multiple indirect benefits provided by urban ecosystem services (Bolund and Hunhammar, 1999). Moreover, there is a need for a greater understanding of how best to inform local decision making in this area, as local decision makers in cities across the country are increasingly recognizing the importance of developing sustainability measures for their immediate and long-term planning (United States Conference of Mayors, 2005).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Approaching these local and regional plans from a holistic perspective has become a guiding principle of sustainability and resiliency. Therefore, there is a need to better understand the gains that have been achieved and to advance a research agenda on ecosystem services going forward. The day’s program included presentations on greening initiatives from the Philadelphia’s Mayor’s Office of Sustainability, as well as discussion about using an urban ecosystem services framework to evaluate these initiatives. Panel sessions included discussion of the Green City, Clean Waters initiative; a dialogue about the management of urban trees and green space; and a conversation addressing the needs for future research.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania and the Penn Institute for Urban Research","usgsCitation":"Hogan, D.M., Shapiro, C.D., Karp, D.N., and Wachter, S.M., 2014, Urban ecosystem services and decision making for a green Philadelphia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1155, iii, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141155.","productDescription":"iii, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052750","costCenters":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141155.jpg"},{"id":290950,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1155/pdf/ofr2014-1155.pdf"},{"id":290938,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1155/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Philadelphia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.280303,39.867004 ], [ -75.280303,40.137992 ], [ -74.955763,40.137992 ], [ -74.955763,39.867004 ], [ -75.280303,39.867004 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogan, Dianna M. 0000-0003-1492-4514 dhogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-4514","contributorId":2299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"Dianna","email":"dhogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shapiro, Carl D. 0000-0002-1598-6808 cshapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1598-6808","contributorId":3048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Carl","email":"cshapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karp, David N.","contributorId":77854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karp","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wachter, Susan M.","contributorId":48657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wachter","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70116319,"text":"sir20145128 - 2014 - Flood-inundation maps for the North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T14:02:59","indexId":"sir20145128","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5128","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>Digital flood-inundation maps for a reach of the North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Indiana (Ind.), were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at <a href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/\" target=\"_blank\">http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/</a> depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at USGS streamgage 04100222, North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Ind. Current conditions for estimating near-real-time areas of inundation using USGS streamgage information may be obtained on the Internet at <a href=\"http://waterdata.usgs.gov/in/nwis/uv?site_no=04100222\" target=\"_blank\">http://waterdata.usgs.gov/in/nwis/uv?site_no=04100222</a>. In addition, information has been provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system (<a href=\"http:/water.weather.gov/ahps/\" target=\"_blank\">http:/water.weather.gov/ahps/</a>). The NWS AHPS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often colocated with USGS streamgages, including the North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Ind. NWS AHPS-forecast peak-stage information may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>For this study, flood profiles were computed for the North Branch Elkhart River reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the most current stage-discharge relations at USGS streamgage 04100222, North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Ind., and preliminary high-water marks from the flood of March 1982. The calibrated hydraulic model was then used to determine four water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from bankfull to the highest stage of the current stage-discharge rating curve. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system (GIS) digital elevation model (DEM, derived from Light Detection and Ranging [LiDAR]) in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The availability of these maps, along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage 04100222, North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Ind., and forecast stream stages from the NWS AHPS, provides emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District","usgsCitation":"Kim, M.H., and Johnson, E.M., 2014, Flood-inundation maps for the North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5128, Report: iv, 9 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145128.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 9 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054937","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145128.jpg"},{"id":290941,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5128/pdf/sir2014-5128.pdf"},{"id":290942,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5128/downloads"},{"id":290932,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5128/"}],"projection":"Indiana State Plane Eastern Zone","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Cosperville","otherGeospatial":"North Branch Elkhart River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.504146,41.464805 ], [ -85.504146,41.525172 ], [ -85.379777,41.525172 ], [ -85.379777,41.464805 ], [ -85.504146,41.464805 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, Moon H. 0000-0002-4328-8409 mkim@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4328-8409","contributorId":3211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Moon","email":"mkim@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Esther M.","contributorId":80199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Esther","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70117643,"text":"70117643 - 2014 - Incorporation of inorganic mercury (Hg2+) in pelagic food webs of ultraoligotrophic and oligotrophic lakes: the role of different plankton size fractions and species assemblages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T15:53:51","indexId":"70117643","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T12:52:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Incorporation of inorganic mercury (Hg<sup>2+</sup>) in pelagic food webs of ultraoligotrophic and oligotrophic lakes: the role of different plankton size fractions and species assemblages","title":"Incorporation of inorganic mercury (Hg2+) in pelagic food webs of ultraoligotrophic and oligotrophic lakes: the role of different plankton size fractions and species assemblages","docAbstract":"In lake food webs, pelagic basal organisms such as bacteria and phytoplankton incorporate mercury (Hg<sup>2+</sup>) from the dissolved phase and pass the adsorbed and internalized Hg to higher trophic levels. This experimental investigation addresses the incorporation of dissolved Hg<sup>2+</sup> by four plankton fractions (picoplankton: 0.2–2.7 μm; pico + nanoplankton: 0.2–20 μm; microplankton: 20–50 μm; and mesoplankton: 50–200 μm) obtained from four Andean Patagonian lakes, using the radioisotope <sup>197</sup>Hg<sup>2+</sup>. Species composition and abundance were determined in each plankton fraction. In addition, morphometric parameters such as surface and biovolume were calculated using standard geometric models. The incorporation of Hg<sup>2+</sup> in each plankton fraction was analyzed through three concentration factors: BCF (bioconcentration factor) as a function of cell or individual abundance, SCF (surface concentration factor) and VCF (volume concentration factor) as functions of individual exposed surface and biovolume, respectively. Overall, this investigation showed that through adsorption and internalization, pico + nanoplankton play a central role leading the incorporation of Hg<sup>2+</sup> in pelagic food webs of Andean lakes. Larger planktonic organisms included in the micro- and mesoplankton fractions incorporate Hg<sup>2+</sup> by surface adsorption, although at a lesser extent. Mixotrophic bacterivorous organisms dominate the different plankton fractions of the lakes connecting trophic levels through microbial loops (e.g., bacteria–nanoflagellates–crustaceans; bacteria–ciliates–crustaceans; endosymbiotic algae–ciliates). These bacterivorous organisms, which incorporate Hg from the dissolved phase and through their prey, appear to explain the high incorporation of Hg<sup>2+</sup> observed in all the plankton fractions.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.138","usgsCitation":"Soto Cardenas, C., Dieguez, M.C., Ribeiro Guevara, S., Marvin-DiPasquale, M., and Queimalinos, C.P., 2014, Incorporation of inorganic mercury (Hg2+) in pelagic food webs of ultraoligotrophic and oligotrophic lakes: the role of different plankton size fractions and species assemblages: Science of the Total Environment, v. 494-495, p. 65-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.138.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-057656","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.138","text":"External Repository"},{"id":290926,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290922,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.138"}],"country":"Argentina","otherGeospatial":"Patagonia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.599917,-41.115272 ], [ -71.599917,-41.050014 ], [ -71.460364,-41.050014 ], [ -71.460364,-41.115272 ], [ -71.599917,-41.115272 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"494-495","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soto Cardenas, Carolina","contributorId":28535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soto Cardenas","given":"Carolina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dieguez, Maria C.","contributorId":41336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieguez","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ribeiro Guevara, Sergio","contributorId":11956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribeiro Guevara","given":"Sergio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark","contributorId":57423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Queimalinos, Claudia P.","contributorId":23437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Queimalinos","given":"Claudia","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70117797,"text":"70117797 - 2014 - Inference for finite-sample trajectories in dynamic multi-state site-occupancy models using hidden Markov model smoothing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T12:49:41","indexId":"70117797","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T12:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1573,"text":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inference for finite-sample trajectories in dynamic multi-state site-occupancy models using hidden Markov model smoothing","docAbstract":"Ecologists and wildlife biologists increasingly use latent variable models to study patterns of species occurrence when detection is imperfect. These models have recently been generalized to accommodate both a more expansive description of state than simple presence or absence, and Markovian dynamics in the latent state over successive sampling seasons. In this paper, we write these multi-season, multi-state models as hidden Markov models to find both maximum likelihood estimates of model parameters and finite-sample estimators of the trajectory of the latent state over time. These estimators are especially useful for characterizing population trends in species of conservation concern. We also develop parametric bootstrap procedures that allow formal inference about latent trend. We examine model behavior through simulation, and we apply the model to data from the North American Amphibian Monitoring Program.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10651-013-0256-1","usgsCitation":"Fiske, I.J., Royle, J., and Gross, K., 2014, Inference for finite-sample trajectories in dynamic multi-state site-occupancy models using hidden Markov model smoothing: Environmental and Ecological Statistics, v. 21, no. 2, p. 313-328, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10651-013-0256-1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"328","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-019312","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290916,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10651-013-0256-1"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fiske, Ian J.","contributorId":96411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiske","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gross, Kevin","contributorId":71483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70117800,"text":"70117800 - 2014 - Detecting well casing leaks in Bangladesh using a salt spiking method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:30:47","indexId":"70117800","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T11:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting well casing leaks in Bangladesh using a salt spiking method","docAbstract":"We apply fluid-replacement logging in arsenic-contaminated regions of Bangladesh using a low-cost, down-well fluid conductivity logging tool to detect leaks in the cased section of wells. The fluid-conductivity tool is designed for the developing world: it is lightweight and easily transportable, operable by one person, and can be built for minimal cost. The fluid-replacement test identifies leaking casing by comparison of fluid conductivity logs collected before and after spiking the wellbore with a sodium chloride tracer. Here, we present results of fluid-replacement logging tests from both leaking and non-leaking casing from wells in Araihazar and Munshiganj, Bangladesh, and demonstrate that the low-cost tool produces measurements comparable to those obtained with a standard geophysical logging tool. Finally, we suggest well testing procedures and approaches for preventing casing leaks in Bangladesh and other developing countries.","language":"English","publisher":"State Water Control Board","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12200","usgsCitation":"Stahl, M., Ong, J., Harvey, C., Johnson, C., Badruzzaman, A., Tarek, M., VanGeen, A., Anderson, J., and Lane, J.W., 2014, Detecting well casing leaks in Bangladesh using a salt spiking method: Ground Water, v. 52, no. S1, p. 195-200, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12200.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"200","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-052307","costCenters":[{"id":496,"text":"Office of Groundwater-Branch of Geophysics","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4393651","text":"External Repository"},{"id":290910,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290888,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12200"}],"country":"Bangladesh","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 88.01,20.75 ], [ 88.01,26.63 ], [ 92.68,26.63 ], [ 92.68,20.75 ], [ 88.01,20.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"52","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb20e4b08312ac7cefd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stahl, M.O.","contributorId":10339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahl","given":"M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ong, J.B.","contributorId":18278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ong","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, C.F.","contributorId":62477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, C. D.","contributorId":8120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Badruzzaman, A.B.M.","contributorId":35653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Badruzzaman","given":"A.B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tarek, M.H.","contributorId":11127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarek","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Anderson, J.A.","contributorId":60387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lane, J. W.","contributorId":31431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70117793,"text":"70117793 - 2014 - Below the disappearing marshes of an urban estuary: historic nitrogen trends and soil structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T11:41:34","indexId":"70117793","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T11:33:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Below the disappearing marshes of an urban estuary: historic nitrogen trends and soil structure","docAbstract":"Marshes in the urban Jamaica Bay Estuary, New York, USA are disappearing at an average rate of 13 ha/yr, and multiple stressors (e.g., wastewater inputs, dredging activities, groundwater removal, and global warming) may be contributing to marsh losses. Among these stressors, wastewater nutrients are suspected to be an important contributing cause of marsh deterioration. We used census data, radiometric dating, stable nitrogen isotopes, and soil surveys to examine the temporal relationships between human population growth and soil nitrogen; and we evaluated soil structure with computer-aided tomography, surface elevation and sediment accretion trends, carbon dioxide emissions, and soil shear strength to examine differences among disappearing (Black Bank and Big Egg) and stable marshes (JoCo). Radiometric dating and nitrogen isotope analyses suggested a rapid increase in human wastewater nutrients beginning in the late 1840s, and a tapering off beginning in the 1930s when wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were first installed. Current WWTPs nutrient loads to Jamaica Bay are approximately 13 995 kg N/d and 2767 kg P/d. At Black Bank, the biomass and abundance of roots and rhizomes and percentage of organic matter on soil were significantly lower, rhizomes larger in diameter, carbon dioxide emission rates and peat particle density significantly greater, and soil strength significantly lower compared to the stable JoCo Marsh, suggesting Black Bank has elevated decomposition rates, more decomposed peat, and highly waterlogged peat. Despite these differences, the rates of accretion and surface elevation change were similar for both marshes, and the rates of elevation change approximated the long term relative rate of sea level rise estimated from tide gauge data at nearby Sandy Hook, New Jersey. We hypothesize that Black Bank marsh kept pace with sea level rise by the accretion of material on the marsh surface, and the maintenance of soil volume through production of larger diameter rhizomes and swelling (dilation) of waterlogged peat. JoCo Marsh kept pace with sea-level rise through surface accretion and soil organic matter accumulation. Understanding the effects of multiple stressors, including nutrient enrichment, on soil structure, organic matter accumulation, and elevation change will better inform management decisions aimed at maintaining and restoring coastal marshes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/13-0594.1","usgsCitation":"Wigand, C., Roman, C., Davey, E., Stolt, M., Johnson, R., Hanson, A., Watson, E.B., Moran, S.B., Cahoon, D.R., Lynch, J., and Rafferty, P., 2014, Below the disappearing marshes of an urban estuary: historic nitrogen trends and soil structure: Ecological Applications, v. 24, no. 4, p. 633-649, https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0594.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"633","endPage":"649","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-046181","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0594.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":290900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290897,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-0594.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Jamaica Bay Estuary","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.049671,40.539818 ], [ -74.049671,40.780 ], [ -73.598545,40.780 ], [ -73.598545,40.539818 ], [ -74.049671,40.539818 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wigand, Cathleen","contributorId":70700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wigand","given":"Cathleen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roman, Charles T.","contributorId":28171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"Charles T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davey, Earl","contributorId":65770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davey","given":"Earl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stolt, Mark","contributorId":73506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolt","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Roxanne","contributorId":38066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Roxanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hanson, Alana","contributorId":106022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Alana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Watson, Elizabeth B.","contributorId":56562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Moran, S. Bradley","contributorId":101339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bradley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667 dcahoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":3791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"dcahoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lynch, James C.","contributorId":54717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rafferty, Patricia","contributorId":70296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70117794,"text":"70117794 - 2014 - Integrating land cover modeling and adaptive management to conserve endangered species and reduce catastrophic fire risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T11:23:58","indexId":"70117794","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T11:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2596,"text":"Land","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating land cover modeling and adaptive management to conserve endangered species and reduce catastrophic fire risk","docAbstract":"Land cover modeling is used to inform land management, but most often via a two-step process, where science informs how management alternatives can influence resources, and then, decision makers can use this information to make decisions. A more efficient process is to directly integrate science and decision-making, where science allows us to learn in order to better accomplish management objectives and is developed to address specific decisions. Co-development of management and science is especially productive when decisions are complicated by multiple objectives and impeded by uncertainty. Multiple objectives can be met by the specification of tradeoffs, and relevant uncertainty can be addressed through targeted science (i.e., models and monitoring). We describe how to integrate habitat and fuel monitoring with decision-making focused on the dual objectives of managing for endangered species and minimizing catastrophic fire risk. Under certain conditions, both objectives might be achieved by a similar management policy; other conditions require tradeoffs between objectives. Knowledge about system responses to actions can be informed by developing hypotheses based on ideas about fire behavior and then applying competing management actions to different land units in the same system state. Monitoring and management integration is important to optimize state-specific management decisions and to increase knowledge about system responses. We believe this approach has broad utility and identifies a clear role for land cover modeling programs intended to inform decision-making.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Land","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"MDPI AG","publisherLocation":"Basel, Switzerland","doi":"10.3390/land3030874","usgsCitation":"Breininger, D., Duncan, B., Eaton, M.J., Johnson, F., and Nichols, J., 2014, Integrating land cover modeling and adaptive management to conserve endangered species and reduce catastrophic fire risk: Land, v. 3, no. 3, p. 874-897, https://doi.org/10.3390/land3030874.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"874","endPage":"897","numberOfPages":"24","ipdsId":"IP-056595","costCenters":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land3030874","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":290894,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290887,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land3030874"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breininger, David","contributorId":33226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breininger","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duncan, Brean","contributorId":95809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncan","given":"Brean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eaton, Mitchell J. meaton@usgs.gov","contributorId":3912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Mitchell","email":"meaton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Fred 0000-0002-5854-3695","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5854-3695","contributorId":33227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, James","contributorId":26059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70117795,"text":"70117795 - 2014 - Mobilization of selenium from the Mancos Shale and associated soils in the lower Uncompahgre River Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T10:50:58","indexId":"70117795","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T10:40:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mobilization of selenium from the Mancos Shale and associated soils in the lower Uncompahgre River Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"This study investigates processes controlling mobilization of selenium in the lower part of the Uncompahgre River Basin in western Colorado. Selenium occurs naturally in the underlying Mancos Shale and is leached to groundwater and surface water by limited natural runoff, agricultural and domestic irrigation, and leakage from irrigation canals. Soil and sediment samples from the study area were tested using sequential extractions to identify the forms of selenium present in solid phases. Selenium speciation was characterized for nonirrigated and irrigated soils from an agricultural site and sediments from a wetland formed by a leaking canal. In nonirrigated areas, selenium was present in highly soluble sodium salts and gypsum. In irrigated soils, soluble forms of selenium were depleted and most selenium was associated with organic matter that was stable under near-surface weathering conditions. Laboratory leaching experiments and geochemical modeling confirm that selenium primarily is released to groundwater and surface water by dissolution of highly soluble selenium-bearing salts and gypsum present in soils and bedrock. Rates of selenium dissolution determined from column leachate experiments indicate that selenium is released most rapidly when water is applied to previously nonirrigated soils and sediment. High concentrations of extractable nitrate also were found in nonirrigated soils and bedrock that appear to be partially derived from weathered organic matter from the shale rather than from agricultural sources. Once selenium is mobilized, dissolved nitrate derived from natural sources appears to inhibit the reduction of dissolved selenium leading to elevated concentrations of selenium in groundwater. A conceptual model of selenium weathering is presented and used to explain seasonal variations in the surface-water chemistry of Loutzenhizer Arroyo, a major tributary contributor of selenium to the lower Uncompahgre River.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.024","usgsCitation":"Mast, M.A., Mills, T.J., Paschke, S.S., Keith, G., and Linard, J.I., 2014, Mobilization of selenium from the Mancos Shale and associated soils in the lower Uncompahgre River Basin, Colorado: Applied Geochemistry, v. 48, p. 16-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.024.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-053874","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290879,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.024"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Uncompahgre River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.04985,38.469719 ], [ -108.04985,38.694353 ], [ -107.801285,38.694353 ], [ -107.801285,38.469719 ], [ -108.04985,38.469719 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mills, Taylor J. 0000-0001-7252-0521 tmills@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-0521","contributorId":4658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"Taylor","email":"tmills@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paschke, Suzanne S.","contributorId":14072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschke","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keith, Gabrielle","contributorId":21469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Gabrielle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Linard, Joshua I. jilinard@usgs.gov","contributorId":1465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linard","given":"Joshua","email":"jilinard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70116466,"text":"ofr20141146 - 2014 - Field methods and quality-assurance plan for water-quality activities and water-level measurements, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T10:29:51","indexId":"ofr20141146","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T10:25:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1146","title":"Field methods and quality-assurance plan for water-quality activities and water-level measurements, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>Water-quality activities and water-level measurements by the personnel of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Project Office coincide with the USGS mission of appraising the quantity and quality of the Nation’s water resources. The activities are carried out in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Idaho Operations Office. Results of the water-quality and hydraulic head investigations are presented in various USGS publications or in refereed scientific journals and the data are stored in the National Water Information System (NWIS) database. The results of the studies are used by researchers, regulatory and managerial agencies, and interested civic groups.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In the broadest sense, quality assurance refers to doing the job right the first time. It includes the functions of planning for products, review and acceptance of the products, and an audit designed to evaluate the system that produces the products. Quality control and quality assurance differ in that quality control ensures that things are done correctly given the “state-of-the-art” technology, and quality assurance ensures that quality control is maintained within specified limits.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141146","collaboration":"DOE/ID-22230. Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Bartholomay, R.C., Maimer, N.V., and Wehnke, A.J., 2014, Field methods and quality-assurance plan for water-quality activities and water-level measurements, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1146, Report: iv, 66 p.; Appendix B, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141146.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 66 p.; Appendix B","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052534","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290874,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141146.PNG"},{"id":290872,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1146/pdf/ofr2014-1146.pdf"},{"id":290873,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1146/downloads/ofr2014-1146_appendixB.xls"},{"id":290871,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1146/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maimer, Neil V. 0000-0003-3047-3282 nmaimer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3047-3282","contributorId":5659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maimer","given":"Neil","email":"nmaimer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wehnke, Amy J. 0000-0003-1237-052X ajwehnke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-052X","contributorId":5660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehnke","given":"Amy","email":"ajwehnke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70117677,"text":"70117677 - 2014 - Radar analysis of fall bird migration stopover sites in the northeastern U.S.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T12:29:25","indexId":"70117677","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T10:10:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radar analysis of fall bird migration stopover sites in the northeastern U.S.","docAbstract":"The national network of weather surveillance radars (WSR-88D) detects flying birds and is a useful remote-sensing tool for ornithological study. We used data collected during fall 2008 and 2009 by 16 WSR-88D radars in the northeastern U.S. to quantify the spatial distribution of landbirds during migratory stopover. We geo-referenced estimates based on radar reflectivity, of the density of migrants aloft at their abrupt evening exodus from daytime stopover sites, to the approximate locations from which they emerged. We classified bird stopover use by the magnitude and variation of radar reflectivity across nights; areas were considered “important” stopover sites for conservation if bird density was consistently high. We developed statistical models that predict potentially important stopover sites across the region, based on land cover, ground elevation, and geographic location. Large areas of regionally important stopover sites were located along the coastlines of Long Island Sound, throughout the Delmarva Peninsula, in areas surrounding Baltimore and Washington, along the western edge of the Adirondack Mountains, and within the Appalachian Mountains of southwestern Virginia and West Virginia. Locally important stopover sites generally were associated with deciduous forests embedded within landscapes dominated by developed or agricultural lands, or near the shores of major water bodies. Preserving or enhancing patches of natural habitat, particularly deciduous forests, in developed or agricultural landscapes and along major coastlines could be a priority for conservation plans addressing the stopover requirements of migratory landbirds in the northeastern U.S. Our maps of important stopover sites can be used to focus conservation efforts and can serve as a sampling frame for fieldwork to validate radar observations or for ecological studies of landbirds on migratory stopover.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-13-162.1","usgsCitation":"Buler, J., and Dawson, D.K., 2014, Radar analysis of fall bird migration stopover sites in the northeastern U.S.: The Condor, v. 116, no. 3, p. 357-370, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-13-162.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"370","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-053278","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1650/CONDOR-13-162.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":290869,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290829,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-13-162.1"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.08,35.21 ], [ -83.08,47.19 ], [ -64.93,47.19 ], [ -64.93,35.21 ], [ -83.08,35.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buler, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":78431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buler","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Deanna K. ddawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Deanna","email":"ddawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70117614,"text":"70117614 - 2014 - Widespread occurrence of neonicotinoid insecticides in streams in a high corn and soybean producing region, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:28:07","indexId":"70117614","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T09:51:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Widespread occurrence of neonicotinoid insecticides in streams in a high corn and soybean producing region, USA","docAbstract":"Neonicotinoid insecticides are of environmental concern, but little is known about their occurrence in surface water. An area of intense corn and soybean production in the Midwestern United States was chosen to study this issue because of the high agricultural use of neonicotinoids via both seed treatments and other forms of application. Water samples were collected from nine stream sites during the 2013 growing season. The results for the 79 water samples documented similar patterns among sites for both frequency of detection and concentration (maximum:median) with clothianidin (75%, 257 ng/L:8.2 ng/L) > thiamethoxam (47%, 185 ng/L:<2 ng/L) > imidacloprid (23%, 42.7 ng/L: <2 ng/L). Neonicotinoids were detected at all nine sites sampled even though the basin areas spanned four orders of magnitude. Temporal patterns in concentrations reveal pulses of neonicotinoids associated with rainfall events during crop planting, suggesting seed treatments as their likely source.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.033","usgsCitation":"Hladik, M., Kolpin, D.W., and Kuivila, K., 2014, Widespread occurrence of neonicotinoid insecticides in streams in a high corn and soybean producing region, USA: Environmental Pollution, v. 193, p. 189-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.033.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-055109","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290863,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290738,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.033"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.52,40.01 ], [ -97.52,44.43 ], [ -89.6,44.43 ], [ -89.6,40.01 ], [ -97.52,40.01 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"193","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hladik, Michelle 0000-0002-0891-2712 mhladik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"Michelle","email":"mhladik@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn  0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}