American Samoa makes up the eastern end of the Samoan Archipelago. On the islands of Tutuila, Taʽū and Ofu, the National Park of American Samoa (NPSA) protects about 4,000 ha of coastal, mid-slope and ridge-top forest. While the ant fauna of the Samoan Archipelago is considered relatively well documented, much of NPSA has never been surveyed for ants, leaving the fauna and its distribution poorly known. To address this shortfall, we systematically surveyed ants within the Tutuila and Taʽū units of NPSA using standard methods (hand collecting, litter sifting, and baits) at 39 sites within six vegetation types ranging from 8 to 945 m elevation. Forty-four ant species were identified, 19 of which are exotic to the Samoan Archipelago. Two notoriously aggressive species, Anoplolepis gracilipes and Pheidole megacephala were detected at two and seven sites, respectively. Both of these species largely excluded all other ants from bait, although their impact on ant community composition is unclear. A suite of habitat variables measured at each site was assessed to explain park-wide ant distributions. Of eight variables evaluated, only elevation was associated with ant community structure, as the ratio of native to exotic ant species increased significantly with elevation on Tutuila. Our survey documented two species not previously reported from American Samoa. Strumigenys eggersi, detected at 12 sites, appears to be a new immigrant to the Pacific Basin. A species of Pheidole was collected that likely represents an undescribed species. Solenopsis geminata, an aggressive species first reported on Tutuila in 2002, was not detected during our survey.
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Breeding songbirds may be useful sentinels for Hg across diverse habitats because they can be effectively sampled, have well-defined and small territories, and can integrate pollutant exposure over time and space. We analyzed blood total Hg concentrations from 8,446 individuals of 102 species of songbirds, sampled on their breeding territories across 161 sites in eastern North America [geometric mean Hg concentration = 0.25 μg/g wet weight (ww), range <0.01–14.60 μg/g ww]. Our records span an important time period—the decade leading up to implementation of the USEPA Mercury and Air Toxics Standards, which will reduce Hg emissions from coal-fired power plants by over 90 %. Mixed-effects modeling indicated that habitat, foraging guild, and age were important predictors of blood Hg concentrations across species and sites. Blood Hg concentrations in adult invertebrate-eating songbirds were consistently higher in wetland habitats (freshwater or estuarine) than upland forests. Generally, adults exhibited higher blood Hg concentrations than juveniles within each habitat type. We used model results to examine species-specific differences in blood Hg concentrations during this time period, identifying potential Hg sentinels in each region and habitat type. Our results present the most comprehensive assessment of blood Hg concentrations in eastern songbirds to date, and thereby provide a valuable framework for designing and evaluating risk assessment schemes using sentinel songbird species in the time after implementation of the new atmospheric Hg standards.
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The database is designed to provide five-year cyclical updating of United States land cover and associated changes. The recent release of NLCD 2011 products now represents a decade of consistently produced land cover and impervious surface for the Nation across three periods: 2001, 2006, and 2011 (Homer et al., 2007; Fry et al., 2011). Tree canopy cover has also been produced for 2011 (Coluston et al., 2012; Coluston et al., 2013). With the release of NLCD 2011, the database provides the ability to move beyond simple change detection to monitoring and trend assessments. NLCD 2011 represents the latest evolution of NLCD products, continuing its focus on consistency, production, efficiency, and product accuracy. NLCD products are designed for widespread application in biology, climate, education, land management, hydrology, environmental planning, risk and disease analysis, telecommunications and visualization, and are available for no cost at http://www.mrlc.gov. NLCD is produced by a Federal agency consortium called the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium (MRLC) (Wickham et al., 2014). In the consortium arrangement, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) leads NLCD land cover and imperviousness production for the bulk of the Nation; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) completes NLCD land cover for the conterminous U.S. (CONUS) coastal zones; and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) designs and produces the NLCD tree canopy cover product. Other MRLC partners collaborate through resource or data contribution to ensure NLCD products meet their respective program needs (Wickham et al., 2014).
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(Scaphiopus holbrookii) are probably one of the least-understood amphibian species in the United States. In New England, populations are localized and it is likely that some populations go undocumented because of the species' cryptic habits. We used passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) to monitor burrow emergence with the aid of continuously running, stationary (but portable) PIT tag readers. We monitored the activity of individual Eastern Spadefoots by placing circular antennae directly over burrows of PIT tag-implanted individuals. We monitored 18 Eastern Spadefoots from 1 to 84 nights in the spring, summer, and fall of 2009–2011. Our results indicate that, on average, Eastern Spadefoots emerged on 43% of the nights that they were monitored. Nights when Eastern Spadefoots emerged were warmer and more humid than nonemergence nights. Eastern Spadefoots were also much more likely to emerge on a given night if they had emerged the night before. Our results have improved the understanding of Eastern Spadefoot burrow-emergence patterns in the northeast region. 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","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/tc-9-1005-2015","usgsCitation":"Holland, P.R., Brisbourne, A., Corr, H.F., Mcgrath, D., Purdon, K., Paden, J., Fricker, H.A., Paolo, F.S., and Fleming, A., 2015, Oceanic and atmospheric forcing of Larsen C Ice-Shelf thinning: The Cryosphere, v. 9, p. 1005-1024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1005-2015.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1005","endPage":"1024","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061744","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1005-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":322088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctic Peninsula","volume":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575158b7e4b053f0edd03c77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holland, P. 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J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mcgrath, Daniel 0000-0002-9462-6842 dmcgrath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9462-6842","contributorId":145635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcgrath","given":"Daniel","email":"dmcgrath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Purdon, K.","contributorId":169937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Purdon","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6773,"text":"University of Kansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Paden, J.","contributorId":169978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paden","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fricker, H. A.","contributorId":169979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fricker","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Paolo, F. S.","contributorId":169980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paolo","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fleming, A.H.","contributorId":43529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70182262,"text":"70182262 - 2015 - Study 8: Prevalence and load of Nanophyetus salmincola infection in outmigrating steelhead trout from five Puget Sound rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T12:26:42","indexId":"70182262","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Study 8: Prevalence and load of Nanophyetus salmincola infection in outmigrating steelhead trout from five Puget Sound rivers","docAbstract":"Nanophyetus salmincola is a parasitic trematode, or flatworm, that infects salmonid fishes in the Pacific Northwest, including Washington, Oregon, and portions of California. The adult worm lives in the intestine of fish-eating birds and mammals. Eggs shed into the water hatch into miracidia which penetrate the first intermediate host, one of two species of snail Juga plicifera or J. silicula. Asexual reproduction occurs within the snail. Free-swimming cercaria are released from the snail and penetrate the secondary intermediate host, often a salmonid fish, in fresh and brackish water. The cercaria encyst as metacercaria in various organs of the fish, including gills, muscle and heart, but favor the posterior kidney. Penetration and migration by the cercaria through the fish causes damage to nearly every organ system. Once encysted, metacercaria survive the ocean phase of salmonid life cycle. N. salmincola is a likely contributor to mortality of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during the early ocean rearing phase, and it is the most prevalent pathogen of outmigrating steelhead in the estuaries of the Pacific Northwest.
A field survey was implemented from March-June 2014 to compare the prevalence and parasite load of N. salmincola infections in outmigrating steelhead from five Puget Sound watersheds and to assess changes in infection levels that occurred during the smolt out-migration through each watershed. N. salmincola infection prevalence and parasite loads were determined by counting metacercaria in posterior kidney samples. Tissue samples were collected and examined by standard histological methods.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Puget Sound steelhead marine survival: 2013-2015 research findings summary","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Long Live the Kings","publisherLocation":"Seattle, WA","usgsCitation":"Chen, M., Stewart, B., Senkvik, K., and Hershberger, P., 2015, Study 8: Prevalence and load of Nanophyetus salmincola infection in outmigrating steelhead trout from five Puget Sound rivers, chap. of Puget Sound steelhead marine survival: 2013-2015 research findings summary, p. 46-48.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"48","ipdsId":"IP-066577","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335929,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://marinesurvivalproject.com/resources/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58edbb59e4b0eed1ab8c6f58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, M.F.","contributorId":182025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, B.A.","contributorId":182026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senkvik, Kevin","contributorId":182027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Senkvik","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hershberger, Paul 0000-0002-2261-7760 phershberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7760","contributorId":150816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul","email":"phershberger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174127,"text":"70174127 - 2015 - R for fledglings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T14:57:31","indexId":"70174127","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"R for fledglings","docAbstract":"We’ve been asked to provide a short introduction to R and its utility in natural resource management. In this short introduction, we can guarantee one thing: you won’t learn R in a few days. That would be like learning to speak French in a few days. To actually learn R, you need to practice….Bode Miller didn’t win his Olympic medals without hours and hours of practice. However, in this short introduction, you can gain an appreciation for what R can do, be introduced to some key functions that you will likely use over and over again, and learn some strategies for creating scripts for automating your work. There are several excellent R books that provide much more information than this short introduction….. R has a steep learning curve, and our hope is to cover some basics to get you over the initial hump.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Vermont","usgsCitation":"Donovan, T., Brown, M., and Katz, J., 2015, R for fledglings, E-book.","productDescription":"E-book","ipdsId":"IP-060739","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339989,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339988,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.uvm.edu/rsenr/vtcfwru/R/?Page=fledglings/fledglings.htm"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877bbe4b0b7ea54521c34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donovan, Therese tdonovan@usgs.gov","contributorId":171599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Therese","email":"tdonovan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Michelle","contributorId":191188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Katz, Jonathan","contributorId":8370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156793,"text":"70156793 - 2015 - Geologic framework and evidence for neotectonism in the epicentral area of the 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T12:45:41","indexId":"70156793","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic framework and evidence for neotectonism in the epicentral area of the 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake","docAbstract":"The epicenters of the main shock and associated aftershocks of the 2011 moment magnitude, Mw 5.8 Mineral, Virginia (USA), earthquake, and the updip projection of the possible fault plane that triggered the quakes, are contained in the areas of 2 adjoining 7.5′ quadrangles in the central Virginia Piedmont. These quadrangles have therefore been the focus of concentrated geologic study in the form of bedrock and surficial mapping and near-surface trenching in order to identify potential seismogenic structures. Bedrock mapping has outlined a series of northeast-southwest–trending lithologic belts that include the Ordovician Chopawamsic and Quantico Formations, the narrow neck of the Late Ordovician Ellisville pluton, and mélange zone III of the Mine Run Complex. The region was affected by at least two ductile deformational events, one in the early Paleozoic that was broadly synchronous with the intrusion of the pluton, and one later in the Paleozoic. The earlier deformation produced the Quantico synclinorium and other regional folds, and the later deformation produced faults with associated high-strain zones. Two of these faults have been trenched at their intersection along the east-dipping eastern contact of the Ellisville neck, near where the causative fault for the earthquake projects to the surface. The trenches have exposed abundant evidence of post-Paleozoic fracturing and faulting, including brecciated quartz-tourmaline veins, slickensided thrust and strike-slip faults, and clay-filled fractures. Fluvial and colluvial gravels that overlie these brittle structures have yielded optically stimulated luminescence ages ranging from ca. 27 to 10 ka. These structures are likely representative of surface features associated with Quaternary earthquakes in the Central Virginia seismic zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2015.2509(20)","usgsCitation":"Burton, W.C., Harrison, R., Spears, D., Evans, N.H., and Mahan, S.A., 2015, Geologic framework and evidence for neotectonism in the epicentral area of the 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake: GSA Special Papers, v. 509, p. 345-376, https://doi.org/10.1130/2015.2509(20).","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"376","ipdsId":"IP-053258","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"509","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877bfe4b0b7ea54521c36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrison, Richard W. rharriso@usgs.gov","contributorId":544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"Richard W.","email":"rharriso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spears, David B.","contributorId":147157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spears","given":"David B.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, Nicholas H.","contributorId":147158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70168850,"text":"70168850 - 2015 - Draft comprehensive conservation plan and environmental impact statement-Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-24T12:58:34","indexId":"70168850","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Draft comprehensive conservation plan and environmental impact statement-Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"The Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Complex, consisting of some of the newer properties in the National Wildlife Refuge System, is a work in progress. Offering unique assets to surrounding communities, these lands promise to become some of the premier urban wildlife refuges in the country. At the heart of the refuge complex is the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge: 16,000 acres of shortgrass and mixed-grass prairie that is home to bison, bald eagles, migratory songbirds, prairie dogs, and much more—all within the Denver Metropolitan area.
This comprehensive conservation plan will be the first in the country designed to begin implementing the Refuge System’s new Urban Refuge Initiative. To accomplish this, we analyzed a wide range of options on how best to support up to one million visitors per year without compromising our principal purposes to protect and preserve fish and wildlife and their habitats.
We are fortunate to have inherited a great deal of infrastructure from the U.S. Army, but we are also constrained by the current condition and layout of these facilities. Some of this infrastructure may be acting as barriers to the public—a condition inconsistent with the purposes of the refuge. Accordingly, we have developed a goal to increase and improve suitable access to the refuge, develop sustainable transportation options, and provide more connections among the units of the refuge complex. This increased access will enable people from all walks of life to visit the refuge. The vision we have developed for the refuge complex calls for the restoration of the refuge’s historical habitats, and the reconnection of people with the natural lands of the refuge and of the region at large using a network consisting of multimodal trails, a far-reaching light-rail system, and the Denver International Airport.
This refuge is well positioned to leverage and catalyze early investments to create world-class wildlife habitat and a conservation education facility in the heart of a rapidly growing urban metropolis. So positioned, the refuge represents the ideal intersection of nature and education to transmit the message of conservation, outdoor recreation, and stewardship to future generations. Toward this end, collaboration is essential to the refuge’s future success. We will continue to foster and improve our strong public and private partnerships in the surrounding communities. These partnerships will enable us to act quickly and effectively as we invest in education and outreach efforts to fulfill our potential as a conservation catalyst in neighboring communities, the larger Intermountain West, and the world.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2015, Draft comprehensive conservation plan and environmental impact statement-Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge, xviii, 245 p.","productDescription":"xviii, 245 p.","numberOfPages":"264","ipdsId":"IP-060910","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":318597,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/refuges/planningPDFs/RMA_CCP_draft_04292015_print.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea4e4b006455f2d61e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","contributorId":128143,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","id":692623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187192,"text":"70187192 - 2015 - Estimating mean long-term hydrologic budget components for watersheds and counties: An application to the commonwealth of Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T10:44:56","indexId":"70187192","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5379,"text":"Hydrology: Current Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating mean long-term hydrologic budget components for watersheds and counties: An application to the commonwealth of Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"Mean long-term hydrologic budget components, such as recharge and base flow, are often difficult to estimate because they can vary substantially in space and time. Mean long-term fluxes were calculated in this study for precipitation, surface runoff, infiltration, total evapotranspiration (ET), riparian ET, recharge, base flow (or groundwater discharge) and net total outflow using long-term estimates of mean ET and precipitation and the assumption that the relative change in storage over that 30-year period is small compared to the total ET or precipitation. Fluxes of these components were first estimated on a number of real-time-gaged watersheds across Virginia. Specific conductance was used to distinguish and separate surface runoff from base flow. Specific-conductance (SC) data were collected every 15 minutes at 75 real-time gages for approximately 18 months between March 2007 and August 2008. Precipitation was estimated for 1971-2000 using PRISM climate data. Precipitation and temperature from the PRISM data were used to develop a regression-based relation to estimate total ET. The proportion of watershed precipitation that becomes surface runoff was related to physiographic province and rock type in a runoff regression equation. A new approach to estimate riparian ET using seasonal SC data gave results consistent with those from other methods. Component flux estimates from the watersheds were transferred to flux estimates for counties and independent cities using the ET and runoff regression equations. Only 48 of the 75 watersheds yielded sufficient data, and data from these 48 were used in the final runoff regression equation. Final results for the study are presented as component flux estimates for all counties and independent cities in Virginia. The method has the potential to be applied in many other states in the U.S. or in other regions or countries of the world where climate and stream flow data are plentiful.
","language":"English","publisher":"OMICS International","doi":"10.4172/2157-7587.1000191","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W.E., Nelms, D.L., Pope, J.P., and Selnick, D.L., 2015, Estimating mean long-term hydrologic budget components for watersheds and counties: An application to the commonwealth of Virginia, USA: Hydrology: Current Research, v. 6, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.1000191.","productDescription":"Article 191; 22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-061320","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.1000191","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340439,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1bee4b0c2e071a99baa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelms, David L. 0000-0001-5747-642X dlnelms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-642X","contributorId":1892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelms","given":"David","email":"dlnelms@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pope, Jason P. 0000-0003-3199-993X jpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3199-993X","contributorId":2044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Jason","email":"jpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Selnick, David L.","contributorId":13480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selnick","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187296,"text":"70187296 - 2015 - Predicted changes in climatic niche and climate refugia of conservation priority salamander species in the northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T15:33:45","indexId":"70187296","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1689,"text":"Forests","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicted changes in climatic niche and climate refugia of conservation priority salamander species in the northeastern United States","docAbstract":"Global climate change represents one of the most extensive and pervasive threats to wildlife populations. Amphibians, specifically salamanders, are particularly susceptible to the effects of changing climates due to their restrictive physiological requirements and low vagility; however, little is known about which landscapes and species are vulnerable to climate change. Our study objectives included, (1) evaluating species-specific predictions (based on 2050 climate projections) and vulnerabilities to climate change and (2) using collective species responses to identify areas of climate refugia for conservation priority salamanders in the northeastern United States. All evaluated salamander species were projected to lose a portion of their climatic niche. Averaged projected losses ranged from 3%–100% for individual species, with the Cow Knob Salamander (Plethodon punctatus), Cheat Mountain Salamander (Plethodon nettingi), Shenandoah Mountain Salamander (Plethodon virginia), Mabee’s Salamander (Ambystoma mabeei), and Streamside Salamander (Ambystoma barbouri) predicted to lose at least 97% of their landscape-scale climatic niche. The Western Allegheny Plateau was predicted to lose the greatest salamander climate refugia richness (i.e., number of species with a climatically-suitable niche in a landscape patch), whereas the Central Appalachians provided refugia for the greatest number of species during current and projected climate scenarios. Our results can be used to identify species and landscapes that are likely to be further affected by climate change and potentially resilient habitats that will provide consistent climatic conditions in the face of environmental change.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/f6010001","usgsCitation":"Sutton, W.B., Barrett, K., Moody, A.T., Loftin, C., deMaynadier, P.G., and Nanjappa, P., 2015, Predicted changes in climatic niche and climate refugia of conservation priority salamander species in the northeastern United States: Forests, v. 6, no. 1, p. 1-26, https://doi.org/10.3390/f6010001.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"26","ipdsId":"IP-060350","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f6010001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340538,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030328e4b0e862d230f749","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutton, William B.","contributorId":88256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrett, Kyle","contributorId":149401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrett","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moody, Allison T.","contributorId":191495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moody","given":"Allison","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loftin, Cynthia S. 0000-0001-9104-3724 cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3724","contributorId":2167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Cynthia S.","email":"cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":693271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"deMaynadier, Phillip G.","contributorId":191497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"deMaynadier","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nanjappa, Priya","contributorId":84272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanjappa","given":"Priya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70186003,"text":"70186003 - 2015 - Beyond temperature: Clumped isotope signatures in dissolved inorganic carbon species and the influence of solution chemistry on carbonate mineral composition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-30T12:10:35","indexId":"70186003","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beyond temperature: Clumped isotope signatures in dissolved inorganic carbon species and the influence of solution chemistry on carbonate mineral composition","docAbstract":"“Clumped-isotope” thermometry is an emerging tool to probe the temperature history of surface and subsurface environments based on measurements of the proportion of 13C and 18O isotopes bound to each other within carbonate minerals in 13C18O16O22- groups (heavy isotope “clumps”). Although most clumped isotope geothermometry implicitly presumes carbonate crystals have attained lattice equilibrium (i.e., thermodynamic equilibrium for a mineral, which is independent of solution chemistry), several factors other than temperature, including dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) speciation may influence mineral isotopic signatures. Therefore we used a combination of approaches to understand the potential influence of different variables on the clumped isotope (and oxygen isotope) composition of minerals.
We conducted witherite precipitation experiments at a single temperature and at varied pH to empirically determine 13C-18O bond ordering (Δ47) and δ18O of CO32- and HCO3- molecules at a 25 °C equilibrium. Ab initio cluster models based on density functional theory were used to predict equilibrium 13C-18O bond abundances and δ18O of different DIC species and minerals as a function of temperature. Experiments and theory indicate Δ47 and δ18O compositions of CO32- and HCO3- ions are significantly different from each other. Experiments constrain the Δ47-δ18O slope for a pH effect (0.011 ± 0.001; 12 ⩾ pH ⩾ 7). Rapidly-growing temperate corals exhibit disequilibrium mineral isotopic signatures with a Δ47-δ18O slope of 0.011 ± 0.003, consistent with a pH effect.
Our theoretical calculations for carbonate minerals indicate equilibrium lattice calcite values for Δ47 and δ18O are intermediate between HCO3− and CO32−. We analyzed synthetic calcites grown at temperatures ranging from 0.5 to 50 °C with and without the enzyme carbonic anhydrase present. This enzyme catalyzes oxygen isotopic exchange between DIC species and is present in many natural systems. The two types of experiments yielded statistically indistinguishable results, and these measurements yield a calibration that overlaps with our theoretical predictions for calcite at equilibrium. The slow-growing Devils Hole calcite exhibits Δ47 and δ18O values consistent with lattice equilibrium.
Factors influencing DIC speciation (pH, salinity) and the timescale for DIC equilibration, as well as reactions at the mineral–solution interface, have the potential to influence clumped-isotope signatures and the δ18O of carbonate minerals. In fast-growing carbonate minerals, solution chemistry may be an important factor, particularly over extremes of pH and salinity. If a crystal grows too rapidly to reach an internal equilibrium (i.e., achieve the value for the temperature-dependent mineral lattice equilibrium), it may record the clumped-isotope signature of a DIC species (e.g., the temperature-dependent equilibrium of HCO3−) or a mixture of DIC species, and hence record a disequilibrium mineral composition. For extremely slow-growing crystals, and for rapidly-grown samples grown at a pH where HCO3- dominates the DIC pool at equilibrium, effects of solution chemistry are likely to be relatively small or negligible. In summary, growth environment, solution chemistry, surface equilibria, and precipitation rate may all play a role in dictating whether a crystal achieves equilibrium or disequilibrium clumped-isotope signatures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2015.06.021","usgsCitation":"Tripati, A.K., Hill, P.S., Eagle, R.A., Mosenfelder, J.L., Tang, J., Schauble, E.A., Eiler, J.M., Zeebe, R.E., Uchikawa, J., Coplen, T.B., Ries, J.B., and Henry, D., 2015, Beyond temperature: Clumped isotope signatures in dissolved inorganic carbon species and the influence of solution chemistry on carbonate mineral composition: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 166, p. 344-371, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.06.021.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"344","endPage":"371","ipdsId":"IP-053527","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.06.021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338821,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"166","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1950e4b02ff32c699cab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tripati, Aradhna K.","contributorId":190120,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tripati","given":"Aradhna","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Pamela S.","contributorId":190121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hill","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eagle, Robert A.","contributorId":190122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eagle","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mosenfelder, Jed L.","contributorId":190123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosenfelder","given":"Jed","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tang, Jianwu","contributorId":174890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tang","given":"Jianwu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27818,"text":"The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory. Woods Hole, MA 02543.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":687325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schauble, Edwin A.","contributorId":190124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schauble","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Eiler, John M.","contributorId":190125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eiler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zeebe, Richard E.","contributorId":190126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zeebe","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Uchikawa, Joji","contributorId":190127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Uchikawa","given":"Joji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Ries, Justin B. 0000-0001-8427-206X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8427-206X","contributorId":190128,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ries","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Henry, Drew","contributorId":190129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henry","given":"Drew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70185777,"text":"70185777 - 2015 - On-line hydrogen-isotope measurements of organic samples using elemental chromium: An extension for high temperature elemental-analyzer techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T09:45:24","indexId":"70185777","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On-line hydrogen-isotope measurements of organic samples using elemental chromium: An extension for high temperature elemental-analyzer techniques","docAbstract":"The high temperature conversion (HTC) technique using an elemental analyzer with a glassy carbon tube and filling (temperature conversion/elemental analysis, TC/EA) is a widely used method for hydrogen isotopic analysis of water and many solid and liquid organic samples with analysis by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). However, the TC/EA IRMS method may produce inaccurate δ2H results, with values deviating by more than 20 mUr (milliurey = 0.001 = 1‰) from the true value for some materials. We show that a single-oven, chromium-filled elemental analyzer coupled to an IRMS substantially improves the measurement quality and reliability for hydrogen isotopic compositions of organic substances (Cr-EA method). Hot chromium maximizes the yield of molecular hydrogen in a helium carrier gas by irreversibly and quantitatively scavenging all reactive elements except hydrogen. In contrast, under TC/EA conditions, heteroelements like nitrogen or chlorine (and other halogens) can form hydrogen cyanide (HCN) or hydrogen chloride (HCl) and this can cause isotopic fractionation. The Cr-EA technique thus expands the analytical possibilities for on-line hydrogen-isotope measurements of organic samples significantly. This method yielded reproducibility values (1-sigma) for δ2H measurements on water and caffeine samples of better than 1.0 and 0.5 mUr, respectively. To overcome handling problems with water as the principal calibration anchor for hydrogen isotopic measurements, we have employed an effective and simple strategy using reference waters or other liquids sealed in silver-tube segments. These crimped silver tubes can be employed in both the Cr-EA and TC/EA techniques. They simplify considerably the normalization of hydrogen-isotope measurement data to the VSMOW-SLAP (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water-Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation) scale, and their use improves accuracy of the data by eliminating evaporative loss and associated isotopic fractionation while handling water as a bulk sample. The calibration of organic samples, commonly having high δ2H values, will benefit from the availability of suitably 2H-enriched reference waters, extending the VSMOW-SLAP scale above zero.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00085","usgsCitation":"Gehre, M., Renpenning, J., Gilevska, T., Qi, H., Coplen, T.B., Meijer, H.A., Brand, W.A., and Schimmelmann, A., 2015, On-line hydrogen-isotope measurements of organic samples using elemental chromium: An extension for high temperature elemental-analyzer techniques: Analytical Chemistry, v. 87, no. 10, p. 5198-5205, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00085.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"5198","endPage":"5205","ipdsId":"IP-063767","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/dd96a5e9-9828-4660-a829-e3c35aba7496","text":"External Repository"},{"id":338527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc7d6e4b02ff32c685679","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gehre, Matthias","contributorId":34004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gehre","given":"Matthias","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Renpenning, Julian","contributorId":189953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renpenning","given":"Julian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilevska, Tetyana","contributorId":189992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilevska","given":"Tetyana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meijer, Harro A.J.","contributorId":187804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meijer","given":"Harro","email":"","middleInitial":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brand, Willi A.","contributorId":33091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brand","given":"Willi","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13365,"text":"Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":686721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schimmelmann, Arndt","contributorId":140051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"Arndt","affiliations":[{"id":13366,"text":"Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":686722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70184998,"text":"70184998 - 2015 - Lahars at Cotopaxi and Tungurahua Volcanoes, Ecuador: Highlights from stratigraphy and observational records and related downstream hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-08T14:49:53.877779","indexId":"70184998","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Lahars at Cotopaxi and Tungurahua Volcanoes, Ecuador: Highlights from stratigraphy and observational records and related downstream hazards","docAbstract":"Lahars are volcanic debris flows that are dubbed primary when triggered by eruptive activity or secondary when triggered by other factors such as heavy rainfall after eruptive activity has waned. Variation in time and space of the proportion of sediment to water within a lahar dictates lahar flow phase and the resultant sedimentary character of deposits. Characteristics of source material and of debris eroded and incorporated during flow downstream may strongly affect the grain-size composition of flowing lahars and their deposits. Lahars borne on the flanks of two steep-sided stratocones in Ecuador exemplify two important lahar types. Glacier-clad Cotopaxi volcano has been a producer of primary lahars that flow great distances downstream. Such primary lahars include those of both clast-rich and matrix-rich composition—some of which have flowed as far as 325 km to the Pacific Ocean. Cotopaxi's last important eruption in 1877 generated formidable syneruptive lahars comparable in size to those that buried Armero, Colombia, following the 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz volcano. In contrast, ash-producing eruptive activity during the past 15 years at Tungurahua volcano has generated a continual supply of fresh volcaniclastic debris that is regularly remobilized by precipitation. Between 2000 and 2011, 886 rain-generated lahars were registered at Tungurahua. These two volcanoes pose dramatically different hazards to nearby populations. At Tungurahua, the frequency and small sizes of lahars have resulted in effective mitigation measures. At Cotopaxi 137 years have passed since the last important lahar-producing eruption, and there is now a high-risk situation for more than 100,000 people living in downstream valleys.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Volcanic hazards, risks and disasters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-396453-3.00006-X","usgsCitation":"Mothes, P.A., and Vallance, J.W., 2015, Lahars at Cotopaxi and Tungurahua Volcanoes, Ecuador: Highlights from stratigraphy and observational records and related downstream hazards, chap. 6 of Volcanic hazards, risks and disasters, p. 141-168, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-396453-3.00006-X.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"168","ipdsId":"IP-055950","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337703,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ecuador","otherGeospatial":"Cotopaxi volcano, Tungurahua volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79,\n -0.1\n ],\n [\n -79,\n -1.75\n ],\n [\n -78.25,\n -1.75\n ],\n [\n -78.25,\n -0.1\n ],\n [\n -79,\n -0.1\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba41de4b0849ce97dc756","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mothes, Patricia A","contributorId":189114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mothes","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vallance, James W. 0000-0002-3083-5469 jvallance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5469","contributorId":547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"James","email":"jvallance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187265,"text":"70187265 - 2015 - Radio-transmitters have no impact on survival of pre-fledged American Woodcocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:35:47","indexId":"70187265","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radio-transmitters have no impact on survival of pre-fledged American Woodcocks","docAbstract":"American Woodcocks (Scolopax minor) are a high priority species of conservation need across most of their breeding range due to long-term population declines. Survival of juveniles may be key to understanding these population declines, but there have been few direct estimates of juvenile woodcock survival rates, and no recent assessment of the possible effect of radio-tagging on juvenile survival. In 2011 and 2012, we radio-tagged 73 juvenile American Woodcocks in west-central Minnesota and compared survival rates of radio-tagged (N = 58) and non-radio-tagged (N = 82) juveniles during the period from hatching to fledging. We compared survival rates of juveniles with known fates and used logistic-exposure models to assess the potential impact of radio-transmitters on survival. We evaluated variables related to juvenile survival including age, hatch date, maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, and year to assess the possible effects of radio-transmitters. The best-supported model of survival rate of juvenile American Woodcocks included the interaction of age and year and a negative effect of precipitation (β = −0.76, 85% CI: −1.08 to −0.43), but did not include a negative effect of transmitters. Our results suggest that radio-transmitters did not impact survival of juvenile American Woodcocks and that transmitters are a reliable tool for studying survival of juvenile American Woodcocks, and perhaps other precocial shorebirds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1656/058.012.0107","usgsCitation":"Daly, K.O., Andersen, D., Brininger, W.L., and Cooper, T.R., 2015, Radio-transmitters have no impact on survival of pre-fledged American Woodcocks: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 86, no. 4, p. 345-351, https://doi.org/10.1656/058.012.0107.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"351","ipdsId":"IP-066725","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030328e4b0e862d230f74d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daly, Kyle O.","contributorId":191466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daly","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, David E. 0000-0001-9535-3404 dea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-3404","contributorId":2168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"David E.","email":"dea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brininger, Wayne L.","contributorId":191467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brininger","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cooper, Thomas R.","contributorId":191468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187271,"text":"70187271 - 2015 - Angler satisfaction in South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-02T09:31:14","indexId":"70187271","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3176,"text":"Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Angler satisfaction in South Dakota","docAbstract":"Many industries use satisfaction measures to evaluate performance. The South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks identified satisfaction as one of their performance measures for evaluating fishing in South Dakota. In fisheries management, the perspectives’ of license buyers are valuable to determine if management activities are providing the benefits anticipated by biologists. Surveys of South Dakota anglers are conducted to better understand licensees in order to promote satisfying angling experiences. Internet surveys were distributed to all license buyers providing email addresses in 2011 and 2012. Angler satisfaction was analyzed by angler type (demographics and fishing characteristics) to further clarify performance measures. Most anglers (> 70%) were satisfied with their angling experiences. Nonresidents expressed higher levels of satisfaction with fishing in South Dakota in 2011 and 2012 than residents. Anglers’ rating of fishing quality was more strongly correlated with satisfaction than their reported number of fish harvested, which suggests that strategies to influence angler perceptions and expectations can also be employed to influence satisfaction (in addition to techniques influencing fish populations). This research further integrates sociological data into South Dakota fisheries management processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"South Dakota Academy of Science","usgsCitation":"Henderson, K., and Gigliotti, L.M., 2015, Angler satisfaction in South Dakota: Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, v. 94, p. 171-186.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"186","ipdsId":"IP-064314","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340715,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340714,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sdaos.org/proceedings/","linkHelpText":"Available from journal's website"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","volume":"94","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59099aafe4b0fc4e449157fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henderson, Kjetil R.","contributorId":191695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henderson","given":"Kjetil R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gigliotti, Larry M. 0000-0002-1693-5113 lgigliotti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-5113","contributorId":3906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gigliotti","given":"Larry","email":"lgigliotti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187284,"text":"70187284 - 2015 - A methodology for quantifying and mapping ecosystem services provided by watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-28T13:40:13","indexId":"70187284","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"A methodology for quantifying and mapping ecosystem services provided by watersheds","docAbstract":"Watershed processes – physical, chemical, and biological – are the foundation for many benefits that ecosystems provide for human societies. A crucial step toward accurately representing those benefits, so they can ultimately inform decisions about land and water management, is the development of a coherent methodology that can translate available data into the ecosystem services (ES) produced by watersheds. Ecosystem services (ES) provide an instinctive way to understand the tradeoffs associated with natural resource management. We provide a synthesis of common terminology and explain a rationale and framework for distinguishing among the components of ecosystem service delivery, including: an ecosystem’s capacity to produce a service; societal demand for the service; ecological pressures on this service; and flow of the service to people. We discuss how interpretation and measurement of these components can differ among provisioning, regulating, and cultural services and describe selected methods for quantifying ES components as well as constraints on data availability. We also present several case studies to illustrate our methods, including mapping capacity of several water purification services and demand for two forms of wildlife-based recreation, and discuss future directions for ecosystem service assessments. Our flexible framework treats service capacity, demand, ecological pressure, and flow as separate but interactive entities to better evaluate the sustainability of service provision across space and time and to help guide management decisions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystem services and river basin ecohydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-9846-4_8","isbn":"978-94-017-9845-7","usgsCitation":"Villamagna, A., and Angermeier, P.L., 2015, A methodology for quantifying and mapping ecosystem services provided by watersheds, chap. of Ecosystem services and river basin ecohydrology, p. 151-180, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9846-4_8.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"180","ipdsId":"IP-044392","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590454a7e4b022cee40dc256","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villamagna, Amy M.","contributorId":166683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Villamagna","given":"Amy M.","affiliations":[{"id":35056,"text":"Plymouth State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. biota@usgs.gov","contributorId":1432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":613,"text":"Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187285,"text":"70187285 - 2015 - Day-roost tree selection by northern long-eared bats—What do non-roost tree comparisons and one year of data really tell us?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T17:06:01","indexId":"70187285","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3871,"text":"Global Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Day-roost tree selection by northern long-eared bats—What do non-roost tree comparisons and one year of data really tell us?","docAbstract":"Bat day-roost selection often is described through comparisons of day-roosts with randomly selected, and assumed unused, trees. Relatively few studies, however, look at patterns of multi-year selection or compare day-roosts used across years. We explored day-roost selection using 2 years of roost selection data for female northern long-eared bats (Myotis septentrionalis) on the Fort Knox Military Reservation, Kentucky, USA. We compared characteristics of randomly selected non-roost trees and day-roosts using a multinomial logistic model and day-roost species selection using chi-squared tests. We found that factors differentiating day-roosts from non-roosts and day-roosts between years varied. Day-roosts differed from non-roosts in the first year of data in all measured factors, but only in size and decay stage in the second year. Between years, day-roosts differed in size and canopy position, but not decay stage. Day-roost species selection was non-random and did not differ between years. Although bats used multiple trees, our results suggest that there were additional unused trees that were suitable as roosts at any time. Day-roost selection pattern descriptions will be inadequate if based only on a single year of data, and inferences of roost selection based only on comparisons of roost to non-roosts should be limited.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2015.03.008","usgsCitation":"Silvis, A., Ford, W.M., and Britzke, E.R., 2015, Day-roost tree selection by northern long-eared bats—What do non-roost tree comparisons and one year of data really tell us?: Global Ecology and Conservation, v. 3, p. 756-763, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2015.03.008.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"756","endPage":"763","ipdsId":"IP-062821","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2015.03.008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340550,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030328e4b0e862d230f74b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silvis, Alexander","contributorId":171585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silvis","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26923,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark wford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.","email":"wford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Britzke, Eric R.","contributorId":8327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britzke","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187295,"text":"70187295 - 2015 - Lithobates sylvaticus (wood frog). Habitat use.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T09:24:19","indexId":"70187295","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithobates sylvaticus (wood frog). Habitat use.","docAbstract":"Lithobates sylvaticus is the second most widely distributed anuran in North America (Martof and Humphries 1959. Am. Midl. Nat. 61:350–389), and its habitat use reflects the environmental variation that exists across its geographic range (Semlitsch et al. 2009. BioScience 59:853–862). Although L. sylvaticus post-breeding habitat selection has been described in Missouri (Rittenhouse and Semlitsch 2007. J. Herpetol. 41:645–653) and Maine (Baldwin et al. 2006. J. Herpetol. 40:442–453; Blomquist and Hunter 2010. Ecoscience 17:251–264), these studies did not report the species’ use of glacial erratics, or boulders. We conducted our study in Maine’s Nahmakanta Public Reserved Land (45.68210°N, 69.12940°W, WGS84; 407–530 m elev.), which is located in the Quebec/New England Boundary Mountains ecoregion.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Groff, L.A., Calhoun, A.J., and Loftin, C., 2015, Lithobates sylvaticus (wood frog). Habitat use.: Herpetological Review, v. 46, no. 2, p. 234-234.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"234","endPage":"234","ipdsId":"IP-058868","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340757,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340756,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ssarherps.org/herpetological-review-pdfs/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Nahmakanta Public Reserved Land","volume":"46","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590aec4ae4b0fc4e4492aba9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groff, Luke A.","contributorId":95735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groff","given":"Luke","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calhoun, Aram J.K.","contributorId":177732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calhoun","given":"Aram","email":"","middleInitial":"J.K.","affiliations":[{"id":13065,"text":"Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loftin, Cynthia S. 0000-0001-9104-3724 cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3724","contributorId":2167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Cynthia S.","email":"cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":694017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187298,"text":"70187298 - 2015 - Tornadic storm avoidance behavior in breeding songbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T15:22:43","indexId":"70187298","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1352,"text":"Current Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tornadic storm avoidance behavior in breeding songbirds","docAbstract":"Migration is a common behavior used by animals of many taxa to occupy different habitats during different periods. Migrant birds are categorized as either facultative (i.e., those that are forced to migrate by some proximal cue, often weather) or obligate (i.e., those that migrate on a regular cycle). During migration, obligate migrants can curtail or delay flights in response to inclement weather or until favorable winds prevail, and they can temporarily reorient or reverse direction when ecological or meteorological obstacles are encountered. However, it is not known whether obligate migrants undertake facultative migrations and make large-scale movements in response to proximal cues outside of their regular migration periods. Here, we present the first documentation of obligate long-distance migrant birds undertaking a facultative migration, wherein breeding golden-winged warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) carrying light-level geolocators performed a >1,500 km 5-day circumvention of a severe tornadic storm. The birds evacuated their breeding territories >24 hr before the arrival of the storm and atmospheric variation associated with it. The probable cue, radiating >1,000 km from tornadic storms, perceived by birds and influencing bird behavior and movements, is infrasound (i.e., sound below the range of human hearing). With the predicted increase in severity and frequency of similar storms as anthropogenic climate change progresses, understanding large-scale behavioral responses of animals to such events will be an important objective of future research.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cell Press","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2014.10.079","usgsCitation":"Streby, H.M., Kramer, G.R., Peterson, S.M., Lehman, J.A., Buehler, D.A., and Andersen, D., 2015, Tornadic storm avoidance behavior in breeding songbirds: Current Biology, v. 25, no. 1, p. 98-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.10.079.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"102","ipdsId":"IP-059860","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.10.079","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340536,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030328e4b0e862d230f747","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Streby, Henry M.","contributorId":11024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streby","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kramer, Gunnar R.","contributorId":94184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kramer","given":"Gunnar","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, Sean M.","contributorId":9354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13013,"text":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lehman, Justin A.","contributorId":166944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lehman","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buehler, David A.","contributorId":169746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buehler","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Andersen, David E. 0000-0001-9535-3404 dea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-3404","contributorId":2168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"David E.","email":"dea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70137756,"text":"70137756 - 2015 - North Cascades National Park Service Complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T15:53:32","indexId":"70137756","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NOCA/NRR—2015/901","title":"North Cascades National Park Service Complex","docAbstract":"Natural Resource Condition Assessments (NRCAs) evaluate current conditions for a subset of natural resources and resource indicators in national parks. NRCAs also report on trends in resource condition (when possible), identify critical data gaps, and characterize a general level of confidence for study findings. The resources and indicators emphasized in a given project depend on the park’s resource setting, status of resource stewardship planning and science in identifying high-priority indicators, and availability of data and expertise to assess current conditions for a variety of potential study resources and indicators. Although the primary objective of NRCAs is to report on current conditions relative to logical forms of reference conditions and values, NRCAs also report on trends, when appropriate (i.e., when the underlying data and methods support such reporting), as well as influences on resource conditions. These influences may include past activities or conditions that provide a helpful context for understanding current conditions and present-day threats and stressors that are best interpreted at park, watershed, or landscape scales (though NRCAs do not report on condition status for land areas and natural resources beyond park boundaries). Intensive cause-andeffect analyses of threats and stressors, and development of detailed treatment options, are outside the scope of NRCAs.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","collaboration":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Climate Impacts Group, College of the Environment, University of Washington; University of Washington Office of the Washington State Climatologist; U.S. Department of the Interior Climate Science Center, Alaska","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, R., Woodward, A., Haggerty, P.K., Jenkins, K.J., Griffin, P., Adams, M.J., Hagar, J., Cummings, T., Duriscoe, D., Kopper, K., Riedel, J., Marin, L., Mauger, G.S., Bumbaco, K., and Littell, J.S., 2015, North Cascades National Park Service Complex, xxviii., 358 p. .","productDescription":"xxviii., 358 p. 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These shears may affect as a narrow zone within the rock bodies. Brittle sheared lenses of rocks vary in geometry, and the P-planes may curve only near the Y-planes. Fault gouge zones sometimes contain P-planes that help to deduce the shear sense. Fault planes/Y-planes may contain slickensides. See Doblas for detail of slickenside types and their reliable use in shear sense determination. This is despite Tjia questioned reliability of slickensides as shear sense indicators. Deformational structures and especially faulted units within soft-sedimentary structures are quite common.\nKeywords: Brittle shear zone; Brittle tectonics; Conjugate faults; Faults; Kinematic indicators; P-plane; Slickensides; Y-plane","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-420152-1.00003-X","usgsCitation":"Mukherjee, S., 2015, Brittle Faults, p. 79-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-420152-1.00003-X.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"106","ipdsId":"IP-061137","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335782,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332275,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-420152-1.00003-X"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c833e4b025c464286296","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mukherjee, Soumyajit","contributorId":181848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mukherjee","given":"Soumyajit","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70154808,"text":"70154808 - 2015 - Fisheries research and monitoring activities of the Lake Erie Biological Station, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-20T10:12:18","indexId":"70154808","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Fisheries research and monitoring activities of the Lake Erie Biological Station, 2014","docAbstract":"In 2014, the USGS LEBS successfully completed large vessel surveys in all three of Lake Erie’s basins. Lake Erie Biological Station’s primary vessel surveys included the Western Basin Forage Fish Assessment and East Harbor Forage Fish Assessment as well as contributing to the cooperative multi-agency Central Basin Hydroacoustics Assessment, the Eastern Basin Coldwater Community Assessment, and LTLA (see FTG, CWTG, and FTG reports, respectively). Results from the surveys contribute to Lake Erie Committee Task Group data needs and analyses of trends in Lake Erie’s fish communities. The cruise survey schedule in 2014 was greatly increased by LEBS’s participation in the Lake Erie CSMI, which consisted of up-to two weeks of additional sampling per month from April to October. CSMI is a bi-national effort that occurs at Lake Erie every five years with the purpose of addressing data and knowledge gaps necessary to management agencies and the Lake Erie LaMP. LEBS deepwater science capabilities also provided a platform for data collection by Lake Erie investigators from multiple agencies and universities including: the USGS GLSC, ODW, KSU, OSU, UM, PU, UT, and the USNRL. Samples from this survey are being processed and a separate report of the findings will be made available in a separate document.
Our 2014 vessel operations were initiated in mid-April, as soon after ice-out as possible, and continued into early December. During this time, crews of the R/V Muskie and R/V Bowfin deployed 196 bottom trawls covering 48.5 km of lake-bottom, nearly 6 km of gillnet, collected data from 60 hydroacoustics transects, 285 lower trophic (i.e., zooplankton and benthos) samples, and 330 water quality measures (e.g., temperature profiles, water samples). Thus, 2014 was an intensive year of field activity.
Our June and September bottom trawl surveys in the Western Basin were numerically dominated by Emerald Shiner, White Perch, and Yellow Perch; however, Freshwater Drum were dominant by biomass. Age-2+ Yellow Perch and White Perch diets from our western basin trawl had highest occurrences of benthic invertebrates in spring and fall. Hexagenia spp. accounted for >25% of Yellow Perch and White Perch diet composition (dry weight) in spring. We conducted an analysis using data from the past 6 years of our East Harbor survey to determine to what degree our new research vessel and trawl is affecting our ability to detect trends across the 50+ year time series. We also evaluated trends in water temperatue, dissolved oxygen, secchi depth and total Phosphorus from our LTLA sites near Vermilion, Ohio. Within the following report sections, we describe specific results from our primary surveys conducted in 2014.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of sea-level research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9781118452547.ch4","usgsCitation":"Nelson, A.R., 2015, Coastal sediments, chap. 4 of Handbook of sea-level research, p. 47-65, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118452547.ch4.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"65","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049519","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":325094,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579dcfc8e4b0589fa1cbd664","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shennan, Ian","contributorId":54883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shennan","given":"Ian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519990,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Antony J.","contributorId":191198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Antony","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742710,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horton, Benajamin P.","contributorId":192918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horton","given":"Benajamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519989,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Alan R. 0000-0001-7117-7098 anelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Alan","email":"anelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70173498,"text":"70173498 - 2015 - Ecological effects of the harvest phase of geoduck clam (Panopea generosa Gould, 1850) aquaculture on infaunal communities in southern Puget Sound, Washington USA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-09T15:44:06","indexId":"70173498","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2455,"text":"Journal of Shellfish Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological effects of the harvest phase of geoduck clam (Panopea generosa Gould, 1850) aquaculture on infaunal communities in southern Puget Sound, Washington USA.","docAbstract":"Intertidal aquaculture for geoducks (Panopea generosa Gould, 1850) is expanding in southern Puget Sound, Washington, where gently sloping sandy beaches are used for field culture. Geoduck aquaculture contributes significantly to the regional economy, but has become controversial because of a range of unresolved questions involving potential biological impacts on marine ecosystems. From 2008 through 2012, the authors used a “before-after-control-impact” experimental design, emphasizing spatial scales comparable with those used by geoduck culturists to evaluate the effects of harvesting market-ready geoducks on associated benthic infaunal communities. Infauna were sampled at three different study locations in southern Puget Sound at monthly intervals before, during, and after harvests of clams, and along extralimital transects extending away from the edges of cultured plots to assess the effects of harvest activities in adjacent uncultured habitat. Using multivariate statistical approaches, strong seasonal and spatial signals in patterns of abundance were found, but there was scant evidence of effects on the community structure associated with geoduck harvest disturbances within cultured plots. Likewise, no indications of significant “spillover” effects of harvest on uncultured habitat adjacent to cultured plots were noted. Complementary univariate approaches revealed little evidence of harvest effects on infaunal biodiversity and indications of modest effects on populations of individual infaunal taxa. Of 10 common taxa analyzed, only three showed evidence of reduced densities, although minor, after harvests whereas the remaining seven taxa indicated either neutral responses to harvest disturbances or increased abundance either during or in the months after harvest events. It is suggested that a relatively active natural disturbance regime, including both small-scale and large-scale events that occur with comparable intensity but more frequently than geoduck harvest events in cultured plots, has facilitated assemblage-level infaunal resistance and resilience to harvest disturbances.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bioone","doi":"10.2983/035.034.0121","usgsCitation":"VanBlaricom, G.R., Eccles, J.L., Olden, J., and Mcdonald, P.S., 2015, Ecological effects of the harvest phase of geoduck clam (Panopea generosa Gould, 1850) aquaculture on infaunal communities in southern Puget Sound, Washington USA.: Journal of Shellfish Research, v. 34, no. 1, p. 171-187, https://doi.org/10.2983/035.034.0121.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"187","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054625","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323426,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.057861328125,\n 48.21735290928554\n ],\n [\n -122.16796875,\n 48.23199134320962\n ],\n [\n -122.29980468749999,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -122.96997070312499,\n 47.14489748555398\n ],\n [\n -123.04687499999999,\n 48.085418575511994\n ],\n [\n -123.057861328125,\n 48.21735290928554\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a9331e4b04f417c275139","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanBlaricom, Glenn R. glennvb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanBlaricom","given":"Glenn","email":"glennvb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eccles, Jennifer L.","contributorId":171698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eccles","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olden, Julian D.","contributorId":66951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olden","given":"Julian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mcdonald, P. Sean","contributorId":171699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mcdonald","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Sean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}