{"pageNumber":"1301","pageRowStart":"32500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165309,"records":[{"id":70117644,"text":"sir20145118 - 2014 - Flood inundation maps and water-surface profiles for tropical storm Irene and selected annual exceedance probability floods for Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River in Roxbury, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T18:52:04","indexId":"sir20145118","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T09:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5118","title":"Flood inundation maps and water-surface profiles for tropical storm Irene and selected annual exceedance probability floods for Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River in Roxbury, Vermont","docAbstract":"<p>Flint Brook, a tributary to the Third Branch White River in Roxbury, Vermont, has a history of flooding the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department’s Roxbury Fish Culture Station (the hatchery) and surrounding infrastructure. Flooding resulting from tropical storm Irene on August 28–29, 2011, caused widespread destruction in the region, including extensive and costly damages to the State-owned hatchery and the transportation infrastructure in the Town of Roxbury, Vermont. Sections of State Route 12A were washed out, and several bridges and culverts on Oxbow Road, Thurston Hill Road, and the New England Central Railroad in Roxbury were heavily damaged. Record high peak-discharge estimates of 2,140 cubic feet per second (ft<sup>3</sup>/s) and 4,320 ft<sup>3</sup>/s were calculated for Flint Brook at its confluence with the Third Branch White River and for the Third Branch White River at about 350 feet (ft) downstream from the hatchery, respectively. The annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs) of the peak discharges for Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River were less than 0.2 percent (less than a one in 500 chance of occurring in a given year). Hydrologic and hydraulic analyses of Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River were done to investigate flooding at the hatchery in Roxbury and support efforts by the Federal Emergency Management Agency to assist State and local mitigation and reconstruction efforts.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>During the August 2011 flood, the majority of flow from Flint Brook (97 percent or 2,070 ft<sup>3</sup>/s) diverged from its primary watercourse due to a retaining wall failure immediately upstream of Oxbow Road and inundated the hatchery. Although a minor amount of flow from the Third Branch White River could have overtopped State Route 12A and spilled into the hatchery, the Third Branch White River did not cause flood damages or exacerbate flooding at the hatchery during the August 2011 flood. The Third Branch White River which flows adjacent to the hatchery does not flood the hatchery for the 10-, 2-, 1, or 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities. The simulated water-surface elevations for August 2011 flood equal the elevations of State Route 12A about 500 ft downstream of Thurston Hill Road adjacent to the troughs between the rearing ponds.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Four flood mitigation alternatives being considered by the Vermont Agency of Transportation to improve the hydraulic performance of Flint Brook and reduce the risk of flooding at the hatchery include: (A) no changes to the infrastructure or existing alignment of Flint Brook (existing conditions [2014]), (B) structural changes to the bridges and the existing retaining wall along Flint Brook, (C) realignment of Flint Brook to flow along the south side of Oxbow Road to accommodate larger stream discharges, and (D) a diversion channel for flows greater than 1-percent annual exceedance probability. Although the 10-, 2-, and 1-percent AEP floods do not flood the hatchery under alternative A (no changes to the infrastructure), the 0.2-percent AEP flow still poses a flooding threat to the hatchery because flow will continue to overtop the existing retaining wall and flood the hatchery. Under the other mitigation alternatives (B, C, and D) that include some variation of structural changes to bridges, a retaining wall, and (or) channel, the peak discharges for the 10-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities do not flood the hatchery.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Water-surface profiles and flood inundation maps of the August 2011 flood and the 10-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent AEPs for four mitigation alternatives were developed for Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River in the vicinity of the hatchery and can be used by the Federal, State, and local agencies to better understand the potential for future flooding at the hatchery.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Ahearn, E.A., and Lombard, P., 2014, Flood inundation maps and water-surface profiles for tropical storm Irene and selected annual exceedance probability floods for Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River in Roxbury, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5118, iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145118.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057665","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290860,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145118.jpg"},{"id":290739,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5118/"},{"id":290859,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5118/pdf/sir2014-5118.pdf"}],"projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Vermont","city":"Roxbury","otherGeospatial":"Flint Brook;Third Branch White River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.745833,44.0625 ], [ -72.745833,44.075 ], [ -72.741667,44.075 ], [ -72.741667,44.0625 ], [ -72.745833,44.0625 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a8e4b0bc0bec09f8db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahearn, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-5633-2640 eaahearn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-2640","contributorId":194658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahearn","given":"Elizabeth","email":"eaahearn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lombard, Pamela J. 0000-0002-0983-1906","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0983-1906","contributorId":23899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombard","given":"Pamela J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189090,"text":"70189090 - 2014 - Application of near-surface geophysics as part of a hydrologic study of a subsurface drip irrigation system along the Powder River floodplain near Arvada, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T14:59:50","indexId":"70189090","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of near-surface geophysics as part of a hydrologic study of a subsurface drip irrigation system along the Powder River floodplain near Arvada, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\">Rapid development of coalbed natural gas (CBNG) production in the Powder River Basin (PRB) of Wyoming has occurred since 1997. National attention related to CBNG development has focused on produced water management, which is the single largest cost for on-shore domestic producers. Low-cost treatment technologies allow operators to reduce their disposal costs, provide treated water for beneficial use, and stimulate oil and gas production by small operators. Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems are one potential treatment option that allows for increased CBNG production by providing a beneficial use for the produced water in farmland irrigation.</p><p id=\"sp0010\">Water management practices in the development of CBNG in Wyoming have been aided by integrated geophysical, geochemical, and hydrologic studies of both the disposal and utilization of water. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have utilized multi-frequency airborne, ground, and borehole electromagnetic (EM) and ground resistivity methods to characterize the near-surface hydrogeology in areas of produced water disposal. These surveys provide near-surface EM data that can be compared with results of previous surveys to monitor changes in soils and local hydrology over time as the produced water is discharged through SDI.</p><p id=\"sp0015\">The focus of this investigation is the Headgate Draw SDI site, situated adjacent to the Powder River near the confluence of a major tributary, Crazy Woman Creek, in Johnson County, Wyoming. The SDI system was installed during the summer of 2008 and began operation in October of 2008. Ground, borehole, and helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) conductivity surveys were conducted at the site prior to the installation of the SDI system. After the installation of the subsurface drip irrigation system, ground EM surveys have been performed quarterly (weather permitting). The geophysical surveys map the heterogeneity of the near-surface geology and hydrology of the study area. The geophysical data are consistent between surveys using different techniques and between surveys carried out at different times from 2007 through 2011. This paper summarizes geophysical results from the 4-year monitoring study of the SDI system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2013.10.009","usgsCitation":"Sams, J., Veloski, G., Smith, B.D., Minsley, B.J., Engle, M.A., Lipinski, B.A., Hammack, R.W., and Zupancic, J.W., 2014, Application of near-surface geophysics as part of a hydrologic study of a subsurface drip irrigation system along the Powder River floodplain near Arvada, Wyoming: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 126, p. 128-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2013.10.009.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"139","ipdsId":"IP-045676","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River floodplain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.14084720611572,\n              44.482728653624804\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.10921859741211,\n              44.482728653624804\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.10921859741211,\n              44.49984185895695\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.14084720611572,\n              44.49984185895695\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.14084720611572,\n              44.482728653624804\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"126","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c1e4b0d1f9f050679d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sams, James I.","contributorId":193983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sams","given":"James I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veloski, Garret","contributorId":193984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veloski","given":"Garret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306 bminsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"bminsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lipinski, Brian A.","contributorId":193985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lipinski","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hammack, Richard W.","contributorId":150019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hammack","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17887,"text":"National Energy Technology Laboratory, Department of Energy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":702822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zupancic, John W.","contributorId":193986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zupancic","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70119416,"text":"70119416 - 2014 - COSMO-SkyMed Spotlight interometry over rural areas: the Slumgullion landslide in Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-10T11:16:08","indexId":"70119416","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-23T15:57:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1942,"text":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"COSMO-SkyMed Spotlight interometry over rural areas: the Slumgullion landslide in Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"In the last 7 years, spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data with resolution of better than a meter acquired by satellites in spotlight mode offered an unprecedented improvement in SAR interferometry (InSAR). Most attention has been focused on monitoring urban areas and man-made infrastructure exploiting geometric accuracy, stability, and phase fidelity of the spotlight mode. In this paper, we explore the potential application of the COSMO-SkyMed® Spotlight mode to rural areas where decorrelation is substantial and rapidly increases with time. We focus on the rapid repeat times of as short as one day possible with the COSMO-SkyMed® constellation. We further present a qualitative analysis of spotlight interferometry over the Slumgullion landslide in southwest Colorado, which moves at rates of more than 1 cm/day.","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society","doi":"10.1109/JSTARS.2014.2345664","usgsCitation":"Milillo, P., Fielding, E.J., Schulz, W.H., Delbridge, B., and Burgmann, R., 2014, COSMO-SkyMed Spotlight interometry over rural areas: the Slumgullion landslide in Colorado, USA: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, v. 7, no. 7, p. 2919-2926, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2014.2345664.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2919","endPage":"2926","ipdsId":"IP-058488","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294389,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0603,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,36.9924 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb1be4b08312ac7cef7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milillo, Pietro","contributorId":9587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milillo","given":"Pietro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fielding, Eric J.","contributorId":99837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fielding","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schulz, William H.","contributorId":91927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Delbridge, Brent","contributorId":52093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delbridge","given":"Brent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burgmann, Roland","contributorId":95128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"Roland","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70112606,"text":"70112606 - 2014 - Biomass modeling of four water intensiveleading world crops using hyperspectral narrowbands in support of HyspIRI Mission","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T13:51:21","indexId":"70112606","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-23T15:34:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomass modeling of four water intensiveleading world crops using hyperspectral narrowbands in support of HyspIRI Mission","docAbstract":"New satellite missions are expected to record high spectral resolution information globally and consistently for the first time, so it is important to identify modeling techniques that take advantage of these new data. In this paper, we estimate biomass for four major crops using ground-based hyperspectral narrowbands. The spectra and their derivatives are evaluated using three modeling techniques: two-band hyperspectral vegetation indices (HVIs), multiple band-HVIs (MB-HVIs) developed from Sequential Search Methods (SSM), and MB-HVIs developed from Principal Component Regression. Overall, the two-band HVIs and MB-HVIs developed from SSMs using first derivative transformed spectra in the visible blue and green and NIR explained more biomass variability and had lower error than the other approaches or transformations; however a better search criterion needs to be developed in order to reflect the true ability of the two-band HVI approach. Short-Wave Infrared 1 (1000 to 1700 nm) proved less effective, but still important in the final models.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.80.8.757","usgsCitation":"Marshall, M.T., and Thenkabail, P.S., 2014, Biomass modeling of four water intensiveleading world crops using hyperspectral narrowbands in support of HyspIRI Mission: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 80, no. 8, p. 757-772, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.80.8.757.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"757","endPage":"772","ipdsId":"IP-052043","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.80.8.757","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294384,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.14358/PERS.80.8.757"}],"volume":"80","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb19e4b08312ac7cef52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Michael T. mmarshall@usgs.gov","contributorId":5480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Michael","email":"mmarshall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad S. 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70117138,"text":"70117138 - 2014 - Accuracy of travel time distribution (TTD) models as affected by TTD complexity, observation errors, and model and tracer selection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T10:10:50","indexId":"70117138","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-23T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accuracy of travel time distribution (TTD) models as affected by TTD complexity, observation errors, and model and tracer selection","docAbstract":"Analytical models of the travel time distribution (TTD) from a source area to a sample location are often used to estimate groundwater ages and solute concentration trends. The accuracies of these models are not well known for geologically complex aquifers. In this study, synthetic datasets were used to quantify the accuracy of four analytical TTD models as affected by TTD complexity, observation errors, model selection, and tracer selection. Synthetic TTDs and tracer data were generated from existing numerical models with complex hydrofacies distributions for one public-supply well and 14 monitoring wells in the Central Valley, California. Analytical TTD models were calibrated to synthetic tracer data, and prediction errors were determined for estimates of TTDs and conservative tracer (NO<sub>3</sub>−) concentrations. Analytical models included a new, scale-dependent dispersivity model (SDM) for two-dimensional transport from the watertable to a well, and three other established analytical models. The relative influence of the error sources (TTD complexity, observation error, model selection, and tracer selection) depended on the type of prediction. Geological complexity gave rise to complex TTDs in monitoring wells that strongly affected errors of the estimated TTDs. However, prediction errors for NO3− and median age depended more on tracer concentration errors. The SDM tended to give the most accurate estimates of the vertical velocity and other predictions, although TTD model selection had minor effects overall. Adding tracers improved predictions if the new tracers had different input histories. Studies using TTD models should focus on the factors that most strongly affect the desired predictions.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014WR015625","usgsCitation":"Green, C.T., Zhang, Y., Jurgens, B., Starn, J.J., and Landon, M.K., 2014, Accuracy of travel time distribution (TTD) models as affected by TTD complexity, observation errors, and model and tracer selection: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 7, p. 6191-6213, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015625.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"6191","endPage":"6213","ipdsId":"IP-052071","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015625","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294376,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015625"},{"id":294377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.7757,35.0674 ], [ -122.7757,40.7363 ], [ -118.7989,40.7363 ], [ -118.7989,35.0674 ], [ -122.7757,35.0674 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb0de4b08312ac7ceedd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Yong","contributorId":19029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Yong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":22454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Starn, J. Jeffrey","contributorId":101617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starn","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70117436,"text":"fs20143066 - 2014 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:38:02","indexId":"fs20143066","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-23T13:02:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3066","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, and recreation. For the State of North Carolina, elevation data are critical for flood risk management, natural resources conservation, agriculture and precision farming, infrastructure and construction management, forest resources management, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.</p>\n<p>The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment (NEEA; Dewberry, 2011) evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the use community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A&ndash;16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation&rsquo;s natural and constructed features.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143066","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2014, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3066, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143066.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057847","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290809,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143066.jpg"},{"id":290808,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3066/pdf/fs2014-3066.pdf","text":"Report","size":"401 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":290794,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3066/"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70111715,"text":"ofr20141115 - 2014 - Timing of ore-related magmatism in the western Alaska Range, southwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-23T12:57:09","indexId":"ofr20141115","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-23T12:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1115","title":"Timing of ore-related magmatism in the western Alaska Range, southwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"This report presents isotopic age data from mineralized granitic plutons in an area of the Alaska Range located approximately 200 kilometers to the west-northwest of Anchorage in southwestern Alaska. Uranium-lead isotopic data and trace element concentrations of zircons were determined for 12 samples encompassing eight plutonic bodies ranging in age from approximately 76 to 57.4 millions of years ago (Ma). Additionally, a rhenium-osmium age of molybdenite from the Miss Molly molybdenum occurrence is reported (approx. 59 Ma). All of the granitic plutons in this study host gold-, copper-, and (or) molybdenum-rich prospects. These new ages modify previous interpretations regarding the age of magmatic activity and mineralization within the study area. The new ages show that the majority of the gold-quartz vein-hosting plutons examined in this study formed in the Late Cretaceous. Further work is necessary to establish the ages of ore-mineral deposition in these deposits.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141115","usgsCitation":"Taylor, R.D., Graham, G.E., Anderson, E.D., and Selby, D., 2014, Timing of ore-related magmatism in the western Alaska Range, southwestern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1115, Report: iv, 25 p.; Tables 1-4, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141115.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 25 p.; Tables 1-4","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054073","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141115.jpg"},{"id":290803,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1115/"},{"id":290804,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1115/pdf/ofr2014-1115.pdf"},{"id":290805,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1115/downloads/ofr2014-1115_tables.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Range","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -154.0,61.5 ], [ -154.0,62.25 ], [ -152.0,62.25 ], [ -152.0,61.5 ], [ -154.0,61.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a8e4b0bc0bec09f8dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Ryan D. 0000-0002-8845-5290 rtaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8845-5290","contributorId":3412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Ryan","email":"rtaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, Garth E. 0000-0003-0657-0365 ggraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0657-0365","contributorId":1031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Garth","email":"ggraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Eric D. 0000-0002-0138-6166 ericanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-6166","contributorId":1733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Eric","email":"ericanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Selby, David","contributorId":58167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selby","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70056368,"text":"sir20135210 - 2014 - Mesohabitats, fish assemblage composition, and mesohabitat use of the Rio Grande silvery minnow over a range of seasonal flow regimes in the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo del Norte, in and near Big Bend National Park, Texas, 2010-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T12:24:47","indexId":"sir20135210","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-23T12:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5210","title":"Mesohabitats, fish assemblage composition, and mesohabitat use of the Rio Grande silvery minnow over a range of seasonal flow regimes in the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo del Norte, in and near Big Bend National Park, Texas, 2010-11","docAbstract":"<p>In 2010&ndash;11, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, evaluated the physical characteristics and fish assemblage composition of mapped river mesohabitats at four sites on the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo del Norte (hereinafter Rio Grande) in and near Big Bend National Park, Texas. The four sites used for the river habitat study were colocated with sites where the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has implemented an experimental reintroduction of the Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus), a federally listed endangered species, into part of the historical range of this species. The four sites from upstream to downstream are USGS station 08374340 Rio Grande at Contrabando Canyon near Lajitas, Tex. (hereinafter the Contrabando site), USGS station 290956103363600 Rio Grande at Santa Elena Canyon, Big Bend National Park, Tex. (hereinafter the Santa Elena site), USGS station 291046102573900 Rio Grande near Ranger Station at Rio Grande Village, Tex. (hereinafter the Rio Grande Village site), and USGS station 292354102491100 Rio Grande above Stillwell Crossing near Big Bend National Park, Tex. (hereinafter the Stillwell Crossing site).</p>\n<p>In-channel river habitat was mapped at the mesohabitat scale over a range of seasonal streamflows. A late summer (August&ndash;September 2010) high-flow regime, an early spring (April&ndash;May 2010) intermediate flow regime, and a late spring (May 2011) low-flow regime were the seasonal flows used in the study. River habitat was mapped in the field by using a geographic information system and a Global Positioning System unit to characterize the sites at the mesohabitat scale. Physical characteristics of a subset of mesohabitats in a reach of the Rio Grande at each site were measured during each flow regime and included depth, velocity, type and size of the substrate, and percent embeddedness. Selected water-quality properties (dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and temperature) of a subset of mesohabitats were also measured. The fish assemblage composition at the four sites was determined during the three flow regimes, and fish were collected by seining in each mesohabitat where physical characteristic data were measured, except during some periods of high flow when electrofishing was done to supplement seining.</p>\n<p>The total number and number of types of mesohabitats were larger during low flows compared to intermediate flows, and larger during intermediate flows compared to high flows. Decreases in streamflow typically led to increases in channel complexity in terms of the number of different types and total number of mesohabitats present. The total wetted area increased and the number of mesohabitat types generally decreased as streamflow increased. At all four sites, the smallest depths and velocities were generally measured during low flow and the largest depths and velocities at high flow. Specific conductance was relatively consistent between the Contrabando and Santa Elena sites, the two most upstream sites. Specific conductance decreased appreciably between the Santa Elena site and the Rio Grande Village, and decreased slightly between the Rio Grande Village site and the Stillwell Crossing site. Specific-conductance values within and among mesohabitat types at a given site were relatively consistent. The pH values measured within and among mesohabitat types also were relatively consistent at all four sites. Median dissolved oxygen concentrations were relatively consistent between the Contrabando and Santa Elena sites (8.34 and 8.54 milligrams per liter [mg/L], respectively) but decreased along the stretch of river between the Santa Elena and Rio Grande Village sites to 7.31 mg/L, possibly because of small dissolved oxygen concentrations associated with contributions from springs between the Santa Elena and Rio Grande Village sites. Dissolved oxygen concentrations increased substantially between the Rio Grande Village and Stillwell Crossing sites to 10.06 mg/L. Mesohabitat water temperatures were generally highest in mesohabitats commonly associated with shallow water depths and low velocities (forewaters, backwaters, and embayments).</p>\n<p>Of the 21 species of fish collected during the three flow regimes, red shiner (<i>Cyprinella lutrensis</i>) was the most abundant species overall, accounting for about 35 percent of all fish collected. Another minnow, the endemic Tamaulipas shiner (<i>Notropis braytoni</i>), was second in overall abundance. A nonnative species, the common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>), was the third most abundant species overall. No statistically significant differences in fish-species richness were found among the different mesohabitat types. Median fish-species richness and maximum fish-species richness values were larger, and fish-species richness was more variable in runs, pools, forewaters, and backwaters during low flow compared to the fish-species richness values calculated for intermediate and high flows. Fish density in backwater mesohabitats was significantly different from fish densities in run mesohabitats, but fish densities were not significantly different among the other mesohabitat types.</p>\n<p>Of the 39 Rio Grande silvery minnow individuals collected at the four study sites, 21 (more than half) were collected at the Santa Elena site, 12 at the Contrabando site, and 3 each at the Rio Grande Village and Stillwell Crossing sites. Rio Grande silvery minnow fish-species densities followed the same order as abundance of this species at the sites; fish-species densities ranged from 0.95 fish per 100 square meters (m<sup>2</sup>) at the Santa Elena site to 0.11&ndash;0.47 fish per 100 m<sup>2</sup> at the other three sites. The Rio Grande silvery minnow was most common in pools and runs during low- and intermediate-flow regimes. This species was less commonly collected in backwaters, embayments, and rapids, and none were collected in forewaters or submerged channel bars. The Tamaulipas shiner has similar life-history characteristics compared to the Rio Grande silvery minnow, including similar feeding habits and habitat use. Tamaulipas shiner was most common in backwater, run, and riffle mesohabitats (in decreasing order) during low and intermediate flow and was less common in submerged channel bar, pool, forewater, rapid, and embayment mesohabitats (in decreasing order) during the same flows. The overall relative percent density (composite of all three flow regimes) of Rio Grande silvery minnow was largest in rapid and pool mesohabitats and for Tamaulipas shiner was largest in backwater mesohabitats.</p>\n<p>There were no statistically significant differences between the stream velocities associated with seine hauls of the Rio Grande silvery minnow and Tamaulipas shiner. Stream velocities associated with the seine hauls that included Rio Grande silvery minnow indicate that this species is predominantly found in low-velocity mesohabitats. Velocities associated with seine hauls that included the Tamaulipas shiner represented a much broader overall range of velocities than those associated with Rio Grande silvery minnow collections. No statistically significant differences were found between the depths for seine hauls that included Rio Grande silvery minnow or Tamaulipas shiner. The Rio Grande silvery minnow was more commonly collected in seine hauls from mesohabitats dominated by cobble substrates and less frequently collected in mesohabitats with substrates dominated by fine-sized silt and clay particles, gravels, and sands, in that order. In contrast, the Tamaulipas shiner was broadly distributed among mesohabitats characterized as having gravel, cobble, and silt and clay.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135210","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Moring, J., Braun, C.L., and Pearson, D., 2014, Mesohabitats, fish assemblage composition, and mesohabitat use of the Rio Grande silvery minnow over a range of seasonal flow regimes in the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo del Norte, in and near Big Bend National Park, Texas, 2010-11: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5210, Report: x, 89 p.; Spatial Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135210.","productDescription":"Report: x, 89 p.; Spatial Data","numberOfPages":"103","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-048947","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135210.jpg"},{"id":290798,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5210/downloads/"},{"id":290797,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5210/pdf/sir2013-5210.pdf"},{"id":290795,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5210/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Big Bend National Park, Rio Grande","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.75,28.50 ], [ -103.75,30.00 ], [ -101.25,30.00 ], [ -101.25,28.50 ], [ -103.75,28.50 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a5b8cbe4b0ebae89b78983","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moring, J. Bruce","contributorId":53372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"J. Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braun, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5540-2854 clbraun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5540-2854","contributorId":925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Christopher","email":"clbraun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearson, Daniel K.","contributorId":52014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"Daniel K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70115048,"text":"ofr20131182 - 2014 - Comments on the Yule Marble Haines block: Potential replacement, Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Arlington National Cemetery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-26T13:30:21.188917","indexId":"ofr20131182","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-23T09:47:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1182","title":"Comments on the Yule Marble Haines block: Potential replacement, Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Arlington National Cemetery","docAbstract":"<p>Marble for the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at Arlington National Cemetery was cut from the Colorado Yule Marble Quarry in 1931. Although anecdotal reports suggest that cracks were noticed in the main section of the monument shortly after its installation at the Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia, detailed documentation of the extent of cracking did not appear until 1963. Although debate continues as to whether the main section of the Tomb of the Unknowns monument should be repaired or replaced, Mr. John S. Haines of Glenwood Springs, Colorado, in anticipation of the permanent closing of the Yule Quarry, donated a 58-ton block of Yule Marble, the so-called Haines block, as a potential backup. The brief study reported here was conducted during mid-summer 2009 at the behest of the superintendent of Arlington National Cemetery. The field team entered the subterranean Yule Marble Quarry with the Chief Extraction Engineer in order to contrast the method used for extraction of the Haines block with the method that was probably used to extract the marble block that is now cracked. Based on surficial inspection and shallow coring of the Haines block, and on the nature of crack propagation in Yule Marble as judged by close inspection of a large collection of surrogate Yule Marble blocks, the team found the block to be structurally sound and cosmetically equivalent to the marble used for the current monument. If the Haines block were needed, it would be an appropriate replacement for the existing cracked section of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier Monument.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131182","usgsCitation":"Mossotti, V.G., 2014, Comments on the Yule Marble Haines block: Potential replacement, Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Arlington National Cemetery: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1182, iii, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131182.","productDescription":"iii, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049752","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290757,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131182.jpg"},{"id":290755,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1182/"},{"id":290756,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1182/pdf/ofr2013-1182.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Arlington","otherGeospatial":"Arlington National Cemetery","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.078925,38.869073 ], [ -77.078925,38.888043 ], [ -77.057863,38.888043 ], [ -77.057863,38.869073 ], [ -77.078925,38.869073 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a8e4b0bc0bec09f8df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mossotti, Victor G. mossotti@usgs.gov","contributorId":3494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mossotti","given":"Victor","email":"mossotti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70117149,"text":"ofr20141154 - 2014 - Methow River Studies, Washington: abundance estimates from Beaver Creek and the Chewuch River screw trap, methodology testing in the Whitefish Island side channel, and survival and detection estimates from hatchery fish releases, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T08:18:46","indexId":"ofr20141154","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-23T09:36:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1154","title":"Methow River Studies, Washington: abundance estimates from Beaver Creek and the Chewuch River screw trap, methodology testing in the Whitefish Island side channel, and survival and detection estimates from hatchery fish releases, 2013","docAbstract":"<p>Salmon and steelhead populations have been severely depleted in the Columbia River from factors such as the presence of tributary dams, unscreened irrigation diversions, and habitat degradation from logging, mining, grazing, and others (Raymond, 1988). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been funded by the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) to provide evaluation of on-going Reclamation funded efforts to recover Endangered Species Act (ESA) listed anadromous salmonid populations in the Methow River watershed, a watershed of the Columbia River in the Upper Columbia River Basin, in north-central Washington State (fig. 1). This monitoring and evaluation program was funded to document Reclamation’s effort to partially fulfill the 2008 Federal Columbia River Power System Biological Opinion (BiOp) (National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Fisheries Division 2003). This Biological Opinion includes Reasonable and Prudent Alternatives (RPA) to protect listed salmon and steelhead across their life cycle. Species of concern in the Methow River include Upper Columbia River (UCR) spring Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>), UCR summer steelhead (<i>O. mykiss</i>), and bull trout (<i>Salvelinus confluentus</i>), which are all listed as threatened or endangered under the ESA. The work done by the USGS since 2004 has encompassed three phases of work. The first phase started in 2004 and continued through 2012. This first phase involved the evaluation of stream colonization and fish production in Beaver Creek following the modification of several water diversions (2000–2006) that were acting as barriers to upstream fish movement. Products to date from this work include: Ruttenburg (2007), Connolly and others (2008), Martens and Connolly (2008), Connolly (2010), Connolly and others (2010), Martens and Connolly (2010), Benjamin and others (2012), Romine and others (2013a), Weigel and others (2013a, 2013b, 2013c), and Martens and others (2014). The second phase, initiated in 2008, focuses on the evaluation of the M2 reach (rkm 66– 80) of the mainstem Methow River prior to restoration actions planned by Reclamation and Yakama Nation. The M2 study was designed to help understand the inter-relationships between stream habitat and the life history of various fish species to explain potential success or limitations in response to restoration actions. To help document changes derived by restoration, two reference reaches (Upper Methow between rkm 85 and 90, and Chewuch River between rkm 4 and 11) were identified based on relative lack of disturbance, proximity to the restoration reach, and relative unconfined geomorphology. A control reach (Lower Methow between rkm 57 and 64, also referred to as “Silver Reach”) was 2 identified based on its similar disturbance as the reference reach, proximity to the restoration reach, and relatively unconfined geomorphology. Products to date include Barber and others (2011), Bellmore (2011), Tibbits and others (2012), Bellmore and others (2013), Benjamin and others (2013), Romine and others (2013b), Bellmore and other (2014), Martens and others (2014), and Martens and Connolly (2014). The third phase of work has been to help with the development and to provide data for modeling efforts.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Most of the planned M2 reach restoration is focused on the creation or improvement of offchannel habitat, especially side channels. The pre-restoration portion of this study has been documented by Martens and Connolly (2014). Side channel restoration actions were initiated in 2012 (Whitefish Island side channel, also referred to as SC3; rkm 76) and are planned to continue over the next several years. The Whitefish Island side channel was modified to maintain hydrological connection with the mainstem throughout the year. In addition, several log structures were installed and pools were deepened to create fish habitat. Prior to restoration, this side channel would lose hydrological connection with the mainstem Methow River, leaving one large pool near the bottom of the side channel and several shallow isolated pools that may or may not go dry. In seasonally connected side channels, juvenile salmonid survival in pools less than 100 cm average depth was lower than in pools greater than 100 cm average depth (Martens and Connolly, 2014).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In this report, we document our field work and analysis completed in 2013. During 2013, USGS sampling efforts were focused on resampling of three reaches in Beaver Creek, testing methodology in the Whitefish Island side channel, conducting hatchery survival estimates, and operating a screw trap on the Chewuch River (funded by Yakama Nation; fig. 1). The Beaver Creek sampling effort was a revisit of three index sites sampled continuously from 2004 to 2007 to look at the fish response to barrier removal. Methodology testing in Whitefish Island side channel was done to determine the best method for evaluating fish populations after restoration efforts in side channels (previous sampling methods were determined to be ineffective after pools were deepened). Hatchery survival estimates were completed to monitor fish survival in the Methow and Columbia Rivers, while the screw trap was operated to estimate migrating fish populations in the Chewuch River and track passive integrated transponder (PIT)-tagged fish. In addition, we maintained a network of PIT-tag interrogation systems (PTIS), assisted Reclamation with fish removal events associated with stream restoration (two people for 9 days; 14 percent of summer field season), and conducted a stream metabolism study designed to help parameterize and calibrate the stream productivity model (Bellmore and others, 2014) with model validation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141154","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Martens, K.D., Fish, T.M., Watson, G.A., and Connolly, P., 2014, Methow River Studies, Washington: abundance estimates from Beaver Creek and the Chewuch River screw trap, methodology testing in the Whitefish Island side channel, and survival and detection estimates from hatchery fish releases, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1154, iv, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141154.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055654","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141154.JPG"},{"id":290844,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1154/pdf/ofr2014-1154.pdf"},{"id":290752,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1154/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Upper Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.09,46.73 ], [ -124.09,49.0 ], [ -117.6,49.0 ], [ -117.6,46.73 ], [ -124.09,46.73 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a8e4b0bc0bec09f8e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martens, Kyle D.","contributorId":12740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martens","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fish, Teresa M. tfish@usgs.gov","contributorId":5869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fish","given":"Teresa","email":"tfish@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watson, Grace A. gwatson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Grace","email":"gwatson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Connolly, Patrick J. 0000-0001-7365-7618 pconnolly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-7618","contributorId":2920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pconnolly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70132445,"text":"70132445 - 2014 - Protected area management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-15T19:43:51","indexId":"70132445","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Protected area management","docAbstract":"<p><span>Designated protected areas are diverse in scope and purpose and have expanded from Yellowstone National Park in the United States, the world&rsquo;s first national park, to 157,897 parks and protected areas distributed globally. Most are publicly owned and serve multiple needs that reflect regional or national cultures. With ever-increasing threats to the integrity of protected areas, managers are turning to flexible management practices such as scenario planning and adaptive management.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Natural Resources: Land","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1081/E-ENRL-120048426","usgsCitation":"Fagre, D.B., and Prato, T., 2014, Protected area management, chap. <i>of</i> Encyclopedia of Natural Resources: Land, v. 1, p. 385-388, https://doi.org/10.1081/E-ENRL-120048426.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"388","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042049","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.intechopen.com/books/10844","text":"External Repository"},{"id":310661,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562f4eb8e4b093cee780a2a1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wang, Yeqiao","contributorId":121197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Yeqiao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645540,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prato, Tony","contributorId":127024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prato","given":"Tony","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6769,"text":"University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70114216,"text":"ofr20141118 - 2014 - Chirp seismic-reflection data from the Baltimore, Washington, and Norfolk Canyons, U.S. mid-Atlantic margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T11:59:32","indexId":"ofr20141118","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-22T15:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1118","title":"Chirp seismic-reflection data from the Baltimore, Washington, and Norfolk Canyons, U.S. mid-Atlantic margin","docAbstract":"A large number of high-resolution geophysical surveys between Cape Hatteras and Georges Bank have been conducted by federal, state, and academic institutions since the turn of the century. A major goal of these surveys is providing a continuous view of bathymetry and shallow stratigraphy at the shelf edge in order to assess levels of geological activity during the current sea level highstand. In 2012, chirp seismic-reflection data was collected by the U.S. Geologial Survey aboard the motor vessel Tiki XIV near three United States mid-Atlantic margin submarine canyons. These data can be used to further our understanding of passive continental margin processes during the Holocene, as well as providing valuable information regarding potential submarine geohazards.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Bureau of Ocean and Energy Management","usgsCitation":"Obelcz, J.B., Brothers, D., ten Brink, U., Chaytor, J., Worley, C.R., and Moore, E., 2014, Chirp seismic-reflection data from the Baltimore, Washington, and Norfolk Canyons, U.S. mid-Atlantic margin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1118, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141118.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045651","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290733,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141118.jpg"},{"id":290732,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1118/ofr2014-1118-title_page.html"},{"id":290731,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1118/"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mid-atlantic Margin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.2498,36.0002 ], [ -75.2498,38.985 ], [ -72.9987,38.985 ], [ -72.9987,36.0002 ], [ -75.2498,36.0002 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a8e4b0bc0bec09f8e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Obelcz, Jeffrey B.","contributorId":73505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obelcz","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brothers, Daniel S.","contributorId":72686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Daniel S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chaytor, Jason D.","contributorId":88637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaytor","given":"Jason D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Worley, Charles R. cworley@usgs.gov","contributorId":3063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worley","given":"Charles","email":"cworley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moore, Eric M.","contributorId":102803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Eric M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70156196,"text":"70156196 - 2014 - Influences of water and sediment quality and hydrologic processes on mussels in the Clinch River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T12:04:40","indexId":"70156196","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-22T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of water and sediment quality and hydrologic processes on mussels in the Clinch River","docAbstract":"<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Segments of the Clinch River in Virginia have experienced declining freshwater mussel populations during the past 40&nbsp;years, while other segments of the river continue to support some of the richest mussel communities in the country. The close proximity of these contrasting reaches provides a study area where differences in climate, hydrology, and historic mussel distribution are minimal. The USGS conducted a study between 2009 and 2011 to evaluate possible causes of the mussel declines. Evaluation of mussel habitat showed no differences in physical habitat quality, leaving water and sediment quality as possible causes for declines. Three years of continuous water-quality data showed higher turbidity and specific conductance in the reaches with low-quality mussel assemblages compared to reaches with high-quality mussel assemblages. Discrete water-quality samples showed higher major ions and metals concentrations in the low-quality reach. Base-flow samples contained high major ion and metal concentrations coincident to low-quality mussel populations. These results support a conceptual model of dilution and augmentation where increased concentrations of major ions and other dissolved constituents from mined tributaries result in reaches with declining mussel populations. Tributaries from unmined basins provide water with low concentrations of dissolved constituents, diluting reaches of the Clinch River where high-quality mussel populations occur.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12221","usgsCitation":"Johnson, G.C., Krstolic, J.L., and Ostby, B.J., 2014, Influences of water and sediment quality and hydrologic processes on mussels in the Clinch River: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 50, no. 4, p. 878-897, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12221.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"878","endPage":"897","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034906","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324917,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Clinch River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.48583984375,\n              37.47485808497102\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.244140625,\n              37.21283151445594\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.48583984375,\n              36.949891786813296\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.05712890625,\n              36.73888412439431\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.71630859375,\n              36.58024660149866\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.81494140625,\n              36.03133177633189\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.56201171875,\n              35.746512259918504\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.19921875,\n              35.496456056584165\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.74853515625,\n              35.35321610123821\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.01220703125,\n              35.51434313431818\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.88037109375,\n              35.88905007936091\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.48486328124999,\n              36.20882309283712\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.26513671875,\n              36.421282443649496\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.8037109375,\n              36.54494944148322\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.232421875,\n              36.66841891894786\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.94677734375,\n              36.82687474287728\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.3974609375,\n              37.00255267215955\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.08984375,\n              37.07271048132943\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.62841796875,\n              37.19533058280065\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.298828125,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.48583984375,\n              37.47485808497102\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780cebae4b081161682236f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Gregory C. 0000-0003-3683-5010 gcjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3683-5010","contributorId":1420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gregory","email":"gcjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krstolic, Jennifer L. 0000-0003-2253-9886 jkrstoli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2253-9886","contributorId":3677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krstolic","given":"Jennifer","email":"jkrstoli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ostby, Brett J.K.","contributorId":146480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostby","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"J.K.","affiliations":[{"id":16709,"text":"VaTech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70117573,"text":"70117573 - 2014 - Hydrothermal monitoring in a quiescent volcanic arc: Cascade Range, northwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T09:27:19","indexId":"70117573","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-22T11:34:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1765,"text":"Geofluids","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal monitoring in a quiescent volcanic arc: Cascade Range, northwestern United States","docAbstract":"Ongoing (1996–present) volcanic unrest near South Sister, Oregon, is accompanied by a striking set of hydrothermal anomalies, including elevated temperatures, elevated major ion concentrations, and <sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He ratios as large as 8.6 R<sub>A</sub> in slightly thermal springs. These observations prompted the US Geological Survey to begin a systematic hydrothermal-monitoring effort encompassing 25 sites and 10 of the highest-risk volcanoes in the Cascade volcanic arc, from Mount Baker near the Canadian border to Lassen Peak in northern California. A concerted effort was made to develop hourly, multiyear records of temperature and/or hydrothermal solute flux, suitable for retrospective comparison with other continuous geophysical monitoring data. Targets included summit fumarole groups and springs/streams that show clear evidence of magmatic influence in the form of high <sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He ratios and/or anomalous fluxes of magmatic CO<sub>2</sub> or heat. As of 2009–2012, summit fumarole temperatures in the Cascade Range were generally near or below the local pure water boiling point; the maximum observed superheat was <2.5°C at Mount Baker. Variability in ground temperature records from the summit fumarole sites is temperature-dependent, with the hottest sites tending to show less variability. Seasonal variability in the hydrothermal solute flux from magmatically influenced springs varied from essentially undetectable to a factor of 5–10. This range of observed behavior owes mainly to the local climate regime, with strongly snowmelt-influenced springs and streams exhibiting more variability. As of the end of the 2012 field season, there had been 87 occurrences of local seismic energy densities approximately ≥ 0.001 J/m<sup>3</sup> during periods of hourly record. Hydrothermal responses to these small seismic stimuli were generally undetectable or ambiguous. Evaluation of multiyear to multidecadal trends indicates that whereas the hydrothermal system at Mount St. Helens is still fast-evolving in response to the 1980–present eruptive cycle, there is no clear evidence of ongoing long-term trends in hydrothermal activity at other Cascade Range volcanoes that have been active or restless during the past century (Baker, South Sister, and Lassen). Experience gained during the Cascade Range hydrothermal-monitoring experiment informs ongoing efforts to capture entire unrest cycles at more active but generally less accessible volcanoes such as those in the Aleutian arc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geofluids","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford, UK","doi":"10.1111/gfl.12079","usgsCitation":"Ingebritsen, S.E., Randolph-Flagg, N., Gelwick, K.D., Lundstrom, E.A., Crankshaw, I.M., Murveit, A.M., Schmidt, M., Bergfeld, D., Spicer, K.R., Tucker, D.S., Mariner, R.H., and Evans, W.C., 2014, Hydrothermal monitoring in a quiescent volcanic arc: Cascade Range, northwestern United States: Geofluids, v. 14, no. 3, p. 326-346, https://doi.org/10.1111/gfl.12079.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"326","endPage":"346","numberOfPages":"21","ipdsId":"IP-050978","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290701,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.2881,39.9834 ], [ -125.2881,49.0127 ], [ -119.751,49.0127 ], [ -119.751,39.9834 ], [ -125.2881,39.9834 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a8e4b0bc0bec09f8e5","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/gfl.12079","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gfl.12079","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Ingebritsen S. E., Randolph-Flagg N. G., Gelwick K. D., Lundstrom E. A., Crankshaw I. M., Murveit A. M., Schmidt M. E., Bergfeld D., Spicer K. R., Tucker D. S., Mariner R. H., Evans W. C.","journalName":"Geofluids","publicationDate":"3/20/2014","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingebritsen, Steven E. 0000-0001-6917-9369 seingebr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9369","contributorId":818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"Steven","email":"seingebr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Randolph-Flagg, N. G.","contributorId":92586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randolph-Flagg","given":"N. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gelwick, Katrina D. kgelwick@usgs.gov","contributorId":4966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelwick","given":"Katrina","email":"kgelwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lundstrom, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":42519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundstrom","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crankshaw, Ilana M. icrankshaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":4967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crankshaw","given":"Ilana","email":"icrankshaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Murveit, Anna M.","contributorId":98626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murveit","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schmidt, M.E.","contributorId":53075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bergfeld, Deborah 0000-0003-4570-7627 dbergfel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4570-7627","contributorId":152531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergfeld","given":"Deborah","email":"dbergfel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Spicer, Kurt R. 0000-0001-5030-3198 krspicer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-3198","contributorId":2684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"Kurt","email":"krspicer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tucker, David S.","contributorId":143676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":15299,"text":"Geology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA  98225","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":496025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mariner, Robert H. rmariner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"rmariner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70117481,"text":"70117481 - 2014 - Human and bovine viruses in the Milwaukee River Watershed: hydrologically relevant representation and relations with environmental variables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-16T10:30:03","indexId":"70117481","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-22T09:50:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Human and bovine viruses in the Milwaukee River Watershed: hydrologically relevant representation and relations with environmental variables","docAbstract":"<p>To examine the occurrence, hydrologic variability, and seasonal variability of human and bovine viruses in surface water, three stream locations were monitored in the Milwaukee River watershed in Wisconsin, USA, from February 2007 through June 2008. Monitoring sites included an urban subwatershed, a rural subwatershed, and the Milwaukee River at the mouth. To collect samples that characterize variability throughout changing hydrologic periods, a process control system was developed for unattended, large-volume (56&ndash;2800 L) filtration over extended durations. This system provided flow-weighted mean concentrations during runoff and extended (24-h) low-flow periods. Human viruses and bovine viruses were detected by real-time qPCR in 49% and 41% of samples (n = 63), respectively. All human viruses analyzed were detected at least once including adenovirus (40% of samples), GI norovirus (10%), enterovirus (8%), rotavirus (6%), GII norovirus (1.6%) and hepatitis A virus (1.6%). Three of seven bovine viruses analyzed were detected including bovine polyomavirus (32%), bovine rotavirus (19%), and bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (5%). Human viruses were present in 63% of runoff samples resulting from precipitation and snowmelt, and 20% of low-flow samples. Maximum human virus concentrations exceeded 300 genomic copies/L. Bovine viruses were present in 46% of runoff samples resulting from precipitation and snowmelt and 14% of low-flow samples. The maximum bovine virus concentration was 11 genomic copies/L. Statistical modeling indicated that stream flow, precipitation, and season explained the variability of human viruses in the watershed, and hydrologic condition (runoff event or low-flow) and season explained the variability of the sum of human and bovine viruses; however, no model was identified that could explain the variability of bovine viruses alone. Understanding the factors that affect virus fate and transport in rivers will aid watershed management for minimizing human exposure and disease transmission.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.072","usgsCitation":"Corsi, S., Borchardt, M., Spencer, S.K., Hughes, P.E., and Baldwin, A.K., 2014, Human and bovine viruses in the Milwaukee River Watershed: hydrologically relevant representation and relations with environmental variables: Science of the Total Environment, v. 490, p. 849-860, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.072.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"849","endPage":"860","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056623","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.072","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":290663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290632,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.072"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Milwaukee River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.8217,42.7954 ], [ -88.8217,43.8345 ], [ -87.7258,43.8345 ], [ -87.7258,42.7954 ], [ -88.8217,42.7954 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"490","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e322b9e4b08de9379b4f89","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.072","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.072","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Corsi S.R., Borchardt M.A., Spencer S.K., Hughes P.E., Baldwin A.K.","journalName":"Science of The Total Environment","publicationDate":"8/2014","auditedOn":"7/24/2015","publiclyAccessibleDate":"7/21/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corsi, Steven R. srcorsi@usgs.gov","contributorId":511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"Steven R.","email":"srcorsi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borchardt, M. A.","contributorId":62804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borchardt","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spencer, S. K.","contributorId":96118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hughes, Peter E. pehughes@usgs.gov","contributorId":876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Peter","email":"pehughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baldwin, Austin K. 0000-0002-6027-3823 akbaldwi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3823","contributorId":4515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Austin","email":"akbaldwi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70117566,"text":"sir20145117 - 2014 - A reconnaissance spatial and temporal assessment of methane and inorganic constituents in groundwater in bedrock aquifers, Pike County, Pennsylvania, 2012-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T12:19:10","indexId":"sir20145117","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-22T08:40:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5117","title":"A reconnaissance spatial and temporal assessment of methane and inorganic constituents in groundwater in bedrock aquifers, Pike County, Pennsylvania, 2012-13","docAbstract":"<p>Pike County in northeastern Pennsylvania is underlain by the Devonian-age Marcellus Shale and other shales, formations that have potential for natural gas development. During 2012&ndash;13, the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Pike County Conservation District conducted a reconnaissance study to assess baseline shallow groundwater quality in bedrock aquifers prior to possible shale-gas development in the county. For the spatial component of the assessment, 20 wells were sampled in summer 2012 to provide data on the occurrence of methane and other aspects of existing groundwater quality throughout the county, including concentrations of inorganic constituents commonly present at low levels in shallow, fresh groundwater but elevated in brines. For the temporal component of the assessment, 4 of the 20 wells sampled in summer 2012 were sampled monthly from July&nbsp;2012 through June&nbsp;2013 to provide data on seasonal variability in groundwater quality. All water samples were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, selected inorganic trace constituents (including metals and other elements), stable isotopes of water, radon-222, gross alpha- and gross beta-particle activity, dissolved gases (methane, ethane, and ethene), and, if possible, isotopic composition of methane. Additional analyses for boron and strontium isotopes, age-dating of water, and radium-226 were done on water samples collected from six wells in June&nbsp;2013.</p>\n<p>Results of the summer 2012 sampling show that water from 16 (80&nbsp;percent) of 20&nbsp;wells had detectable concentrations of methane, but concentrations were less than 0.1&nbsp;milligram per liter (mg/L) in most well-water samples; only two well-water samples had concentrations greater than 1&nbsp;mg/L. The groundwater with elevated methane also had a chemical composition that differed in some respects (pH, selected major ions, and inorganic trace constituents) from groundwater with low methane concentrations. The two well-water samples with the highest methane concentrations (about 3.7 and 5.8&nbsp;mg/L) also had the highest pH values (8.7 and 8.3, respectively) and the highest concentrations of sodium, lithium, boron, fluoride, and bromide. Elevated concentrations of some other constituents, such as barium, strontium, and chloride, were not limited to well-water samples with elevated methane, although the two samples with elevated methane also had among the highest concentrations of these&nbsp;constituents.</p>\n<p>One sample with elevated methane concentrations also had elevated arsenic concentrations, with the arsenic concentration of 30 micrograms per liter (&mu;g/L) exceeding the drinking-water standard of 10 &micro;g/L for arsenic. No other sample from the 20 wells sampled in summer 2012 had concentrations of constituents that exceeded any established primary drinking-water standards. However, radon-222 activities ranging up to 4,500 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) exceeded the proposed drinking-water standard of 300&nbsp;pCi/L in 85&nbsp;percent of the 20 well-water&nbsp;samples.</p>\n<p>The isotopic composition methane in the two high-methane samples (&delta;C<sub>CH4</sub>&nbsp;values of -64.55 and -64.41&nbsp;per&nbsp;mil and &delta;D<sub>CH4</sub>&nbsp;values of -216.9 and -201.8&nbsp;per mil, respectively) indicates a predominantly microbial source for the methane formed by a carbon dioxide reduction process. The stable isotopic composition of water (&delta;D<sub>H20</sub>&nbsp;and &delta;<sup>18</sup>O<sub>H20</sub>) in samples from all 20 wells falls on the local meteoric line, indicating water in the wells was of relatively recent meteoric origin (modern precipitation), including samples with elevated methane&nbsp;concentrations.</p>\n<p>Analytical results for 4 of the 20&nbsp;wells sampled monthly for 1 year ending June&nbsp;2013 in order to assess temporal variability in groundwater quality show that concentrations of major ions generally varied by less than 20 percent, with most differences less than 4&nbsp;mg/L. Concentrations of methane varied by less than 1&nbsp;&mu;g/L (0.001&nbsp;mg/L) in samples from three wells with low methane and by as much as 1 mg/L (1,000&nbsp;&mu;g/L) in samples from one well with relatively high methane. The isotopic composition of methane in the one well with relatively high methane varied slightly in the monthly samples, ranging from about -64.5 to -64.8&nbsp;per&nbsp;mil for &delta;<sup>13</sup>C<sub>CH4</sub>&nbsp;and from about -217 to -228&nbsp;per&nbsp;mil for &delta;D<sub>CH4</sub>. The &delta;<sup>13</sup>C values for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in water from this well were consistent with microbial methane formation by carbon dioxide reduction (drift-type methane) and varied little in the temporal samples, ranging from -10.5 to -10.1&nbsp;per&nbsp;mil.</p>\n<p>Additional analyses of samples collected in late June 2013 from six wells with a range of methane and trace constituent concentrations provided baseline data on strontium and boron isotopic compositions (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios and &delta;<sup>11</sup>B, respectively) that potentially may be used to differentiate among sources of these constituents. The strontium and boron isotopic composition determined in the six shallow Pike County groundwater samples had&nbsp;<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios of 0.71426 to 0.71531 and &delta;<sup>11</sup>B values of 11.7 to 27.0&nbsp;per mil, which differ from those reported for brines in Devonian-age formations in&nbsp;Pennsylvania.</p>\n<p>The&nbsp;June&nbsp;2013 samples were also analyzed for radium-226 and age-dating dissolved gases. Activities of radium-226 ranged from 0.041 to 0.29&nbsp;pCi/L in water samples from the six wells and were less than the drinking-water standard of 5&nbsp;pCi/L for combined radium-226 and radium-228. Age-dating of groundwater using a method based on the presence of anthropogenic gases (chlorofluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride) released into the atmosphere yielded estimated recharge dates for water from these six wells that ranged from the 1940s to early 2000s. The oldest water was in samples from wells that had the highest methane concentrations and the youngest water was in samples from a continuously pumped 300-foot deep production&nbsp;well.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145117","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pike County Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Senior, L.A., 2014, A reconnaissance spatial and temporal assessment of methane and inorganic constituents in groundwater in bedrock aquifers, Pike County, Pennsylvania, 2012-13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5117, x, 91 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145117.","productDescription":"x, 91 p.","numberOfPages":"106","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054516","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science 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,{"id":70115551,"text":"fs20133042 - 2014 - Arkansas Groundwater-Quality Network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T15:26:25.496357","indexId":"fs20133042","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-21T14:51:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3042","title":"Arkansas Groundwater-Quality Network","docAbstract":"Arkansas is the fourth largest user of groundwater in the United States, where groundwater accounts for two-thirds of the total water use. Groundwater use in the State increased by 510 percent between 1965 and 2005 (Holland, 2007). The Arkansas Groundwater-Quality Network is a Web map interface (<a href=\"http://ar.water.usgs.gov/wqx\" target=\"_blank\">http://ar.water.usgs.gov/wqx</a>) that provides rapid access to the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Water Information System (NWIS) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA) STOrage and RETrieval (STORET) databases of ambient water information. The interface enables users to perform simple graphical analysis and download selected water-quality data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133042","usgsCitation":"Pugh, A., Jackson, B.T., and Miller, R., 2014, Arkansas Groundwater-Quality Network: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3042, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133042.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046329","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133042.jpg"},{"id":290605,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3042/"},{"id":290610,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3042/pdf/fs2013-3042.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.62,33.0 ], [ -94.62,36.5 ], [ -89.65,36.5 ], [ -89.65,33.0 ], [ -94.62,33.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a8e4b0bc0bec09f8e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pugh, Aaron L. apugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":2480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugh","given":"Aaron L.","email":"apugh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, Barry T. 0000-0001-9843-4162 btjackson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-4162","contributorId":154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Barry","email":"btjackson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Roger","contributorId":63730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70100432,"text":"sir20145046 - 2014 - Flood-inundation maps for the Susquehanna River near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-21T14:49:17","indexId":"sir20145046","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-21T14:41:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5046","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Susquehanna River near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 2013","docAbstract":"<p>A series of 28 digital flood-inundation maps was developed for an approximate 25-mile reach of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The study was selected by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) national Silver Jackets program, which supports interagency teams at the state level to coordinate and collaborate on flood-risk management. This study to produce flood-inundation maps was the result of a collaborative effort between the USACE, National Weather Service (NWS), Susquehanna River Basin Commission (SRBC), The Harrisburg Authority, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). These maps are accessible through Web-mapping applications associated with the NWS, SRBC, and USGS. The maps can be used in conjunction with the real-time stage data from the USGS streamgage 01570500, Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pa., and NWS flood-stage forecasts to help guide the general public in taking individual safety precautions and will provide local municipal officials with a tool to efficiently manage emergency flood operations and flood mitigation efforts.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The maps were developed using the USACE HEC–RAS and HEC–GeoRAS programs to compute water-surface profiles and to delineate estimated flood-inundation areas for selected stream stages. The maps show estimated flood-inundation areas overlaid on high-resolution, georeferenced, aerial photographs of the study area for stream stages at 1-foot intervals between 11 feet and 37 feet (which include NWS flood categories Action, Flood, Moderate, and Major) and the June 24, 1972, peak-of-record flood event at a stage of 33.27 feet at the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pa., streamgage.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145046","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service, Susquehanna River Basin Commission, and The Harrisburg Authority","usgsCitation":"Roland, M.A., Underwood, S.M., Thomas, C.M., Miller, J.F., Pratt, B.A., Hogan, L.G., and Wnek, P.A., 2014, Flood-inundation maps for the Susquehanna River near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5046, vi, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145046.","productDescription":"vi, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049553","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290608,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145046.jpg"},{"id":290604,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5046/"},{"id":290607,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5046/pdf/sir2014-5046.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Harrisburg","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.099991,40.049694 ], [ -77.099991,40.500225 ], [ -76.673927,40.500225 ], [ -76.673927,40.049694 ], [ -77.099991,40.049694 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a8e4b0bc0bec09f8e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roland, Mark A. 0000-0002-0268-6507 mroland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0268-6507","contributorId":2116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roland","given":"Mark","email":"mroland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Underwood, Stacey M.","contributorId":21467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"Stacey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Craig M.","contributorId":70292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Jason F.","contributorId":98643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pratt, Benjamin A.","contributorId":89807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hogan, Laurie G.","contributorId":8001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"Laurie","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wnek, Patricia A.","contributorId":68227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wnek","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70114031,"text":"sir20145116 - 2014 - Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River between Kansas City and St. Louis, Missouri, April-May, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-05T00:00:16.936765","indexId":"sir20145116","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-21T13:57:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5116","title":"Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River between Kansas City and St. Louis, Missouri, April-May, 2013","docAbstract":"<p>Bathymetric and velocimetric data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation, in the vicinity of 10 bridges at 9 highway crossings of the Missouri River between Lexington and Washington, Missouri, from April 22 through May 2, 2013. A multibeam echosounder mapping system was used to obtain channel-bed elevations for river reaches ranging from 1,640 to 1,840 feet longitudinally and extending laterally across the active channel between banks and spur dikes in the Missouri River during low- to moderate-flow conditions. These bathymetric surveys indicate the channel conditions at the time of the surveys and provide characteristics of scour holes that may be useful in the development of predictive guidelines or equations for scour holes. These data also may be useful to the Missouri Department of Transportation to assess the bridges for stability and integrity issues with respect to bridge scour during floods.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Bathymetric data were collected around every pier that was in water, except those at the edge of water or in very shallow water (less than about 6 feet). Scour holes were present at most piers for which bathymetry could be obtained, except at piers on channel banks, near or embedded in lateral or longitudinal spur dikes, and on exposed bedrock outcrops. Scour holes observed at the surveyed bridges were examined with respect to depth and shape. Although exposure of parts of foundational support elements was observed at several piers, at most sites the exposure likely can be considered minimal compared to the overall substructure that remains buried in channel-bed material; however, there were several notable exceptions where the bed material thickness between the bottom of the scour hole and bedrock was less than 6 feet. Such substantial exposure of usually buried substructural elements may warrant special observation in future flood events.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Previous bathymetric surveys had been done at all of the sites in this study during the flood of 2011. Comparisons between bathymetric surfaces from the previous surveys and those of this study generally indicate a consistent increase in the elevation of the bed and decrease in the size of scour holes at these sites, both likely caused by a substantial decrease in discharge and water-surface elevation compared to the 2011 surveys at most sites. However, multiple surveys at one of the sites indicate that the flow condition is not the sole variable in the determination of the size of scour holes at sites with a dual bridge configuration. Furthermore, another site had a smaller and shallower scour hole even though the discharge in this study was slightly greater than in 2011. Pier size, nose shape, and alignment to flow also had a substantial effect on the size of the scour hole observed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145116","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Huizinga, R.J., 2014, Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River between Kansas City and St. Louis, Missouri, April-May, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5116, viii, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145116.","productDescription":"viii, 79 p.","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056537","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290599,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5116/pdf/sir2014-5116.pdf"},{"id":290598,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5116/"},{"id":290600,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145116.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.00,38.00 ], [ -96.00,40.75 ], [ -90.00,40.75 ], [ -90.00,38.00 ], [ -96.00,38.00 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a8e4b0bc0bec09f8eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huizinga, Richard J. 0000-0002-2940-2324 huizinga@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2940-2324","contributorId":2089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huizinga","given":"Richard","email":"huizinga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70123167,"text":"70123167 - 2014 - Decreased atmospheric sulfur deposition across the southeastern U.S.: When will watersheds release stored sulfate?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T15:47:42","indexId":"70123167","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-21T13:55:51","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decreased atmospheric sulfur deposition across the southeastern U.S.: When will watersheds release stored sulfate?","docAbstract":"Emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) to the atmosphere lead to atmospheric deposition of sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>), which is the dominant strong acid anion causing acidification of surface waters and soils in the eastern United States (U.S.). Since passage of the Clean Air Act and its Amendments, atmospheric deposition of SO<sub>2</sub> in this region has declined by over 80%, but few corresponding decreases in stream-water SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> concentrations have been observed in unglaciated watersheds. We calculated SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> mass balances for 27 forested, unglaciated watersheds from Pennsylvania to Georgia, by using total atmospheric deposition (wet plus dry) as input. Many of these watersheds still retain SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>, unlike their counterparts in the northeastern U.S. and southern Canada. Our analysis showed that many of these watersheds should convert from retaining to releasing SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> over the next two decades. The specific years when the watersheds crossover from retaining to releasing SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> correspond to a general geographical pattern of later net watershed release from north to south. The single most important variable that explained the crossover year was the runoff ratio, defined as the ratio of annual mean stream discharge to precipitation. Percent clay content and mean soil depth were secondary factors in predicting crossover year. The conversion of watersheds from net SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> retention to release anticipates more widespread reductions in stream-water SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> concentrations in this region.","language":"English","publisher":"The American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","doi":"10.1021/es501579s","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., Scanlon, T.M., Lynch, J.A., and Cosby, B.J., 2014, Decreased atmospheric sulfur deposition across the southeastern U.S.: When will watersheds release stored sulfate?: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, no. 17, p. 10071-10078, https://doi.org/10.1021/es501579s.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"10071","endPage":"10078","ipdsId":"IP-056001","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"48","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9c6e4b044dc0e82892b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scanlon, Todd M.","contributorId":178235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25492,"text":"University of Virginia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":499910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lynch, Jason A.","contributorId":55702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cosby, Bernard J.","contributorId":107578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosby","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70095411,"text":"ds768 - 2014 - Key subsurface data help to refine Trinity aquifer hydrostratigraphic units, south-central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-21T13:40:56","indexId":"ds768","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-21T13:07:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"768","title":"Key subsurface data help to refine Trinity aquifer hydrostratigraphic units, south-central Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The geologic framework and hydrologic characteristics of aquifers are important components for studying the nation’s subsurface heterogeneity and predicting its hydraulic budgets. Detailed study of an aquifer’s subsurface hydrostratigraphy is needed to understand both its geologic and hydrologic frameworks. Surface hydrostratigraphic mapping can also help characterize the spatial distribution and hydraulic connectivity of an aquifer’s permeable zones. Advances in three-dimensional (3-D) mapping and modeling have also enabled geoscientists to visualize the spatial relations between the saturated and unsaturated lithologies.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This detailed study of two borehole cores, collected in 2001 on the Camp Stanley Storage Activity (CSSA) area, provided the foundation for revising a number of hydrostratigraphic units representing the middle zone of the Trinity aquifer. The CSSA area is a restricted military facility that encompasses approximately 4,000 acres and is located in Boerne, Texas, northwest of the city of San Antonio. Studying both the surface and subsurface geology of the CSSA area are integral parts of a U.S. Geological Survey project funded through the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. This modification of hydrostratigraphic units is being applied to all subsurface data used to construct a proposed 3-D EarthVision model of the CSSA area and areas to the south and west.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds768","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Camp Stanley Storage Activity, Parsons Corporation, and Weatherford Laboratories","usgsCitation":"Blome, C.D., and Clark, A.K., 2014, Key subsurface data help to refine Trinity aquifer hydrostratigraphic units, south-central Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 768, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds768.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042154","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds768.jpg"},{"id":290591,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/768/pdf/ds768.pdf"},{"id":290581,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/768/"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.75,29.00 ], [ -99.75,30.50 ], [ -97.75,30.50 ], [ -97.75,29.00 ], [ -99.75,29.00 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a8e4b0bc0bec09f8ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blome, Charles D. 0000-0002-3449-9378 cblome@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-9378","contributorId":1246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"Charles","email":"cblome@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Allan K. 0000-0003-0099-1521 akclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-1521","contributorId":1279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allan","email":"akclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70170985,"text":"70170985 - 2014 - Linking rapid magma reservoir assembly and eruption trigger mechanisms at evolved Yellowstone-type supervolcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T12:31:26","indexId":"70170985","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-21T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking rapid magma reservoir assembly and eruption trigger mechanisms at evolved Yellowstone-type supervolcanoes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The geological record contains evidence of volcanic eruptions that were as much as two orders of magnitude larger than the most voluminous eruption experienced by modern civilizations, the A.D. 1815 Tambora (Indonesia) eruption. Perhaps nowhere on Earth are deposits of such supereruptions more prominent than in the Snake River Plain&ndash;Yellowstone Plateau (SRP-YP) volcanic province (northwest United States). While magmatic activity at Yellowstone is still ongoing, the Heise volcanic field in eastern Idaho represents the youngest complete caldera cycle in the SRP-YP, and thus is particularly instructive for current and future volcanic activity at Yellowstone. The Heise caldera cycle culminated 4.5 Ma ago in the eruption of the &sim;1800 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;Kilgore Tuff. Accessory zircons in the Kilgore Tuff display significant intercrystalline and intracrystalline oxygen isotopic heterogeneity, and the vast majority are&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O depleted. This suggests that zircons crystallized from isotopically distinct magma batches that were generated by remelting of subcaldera silicic rocks previously altered by low-&delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O meteoric-hydrothermal fluids. Prior to eruption these magma batches were assembled and homogenized into a single voluminous reservoir. U-Pb geochronology of isotopically diverse zircons using chemical abrasion&ndash;isotope dilution&ndash;thermal ionization mass spectrometry yielded indistinguishable crystallization ages with a weighted mean&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>238</sup><span>U date of 4.4876 &plusmn; 0.0023 Ma (MSWD = 1.5; n = 24). These zircon crystallization ages are also indistinguishable from the sanidine&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar dates, and thus zircons crystallized close to eruption. This requires that shallow crustal melting, assembly of isolated batches into a supervolcanic magma reservoir, homogenization, and eruption occurred extremely rapidly, within the resolution of our geochronology (10</span><sup>3</sup><span>&ndash;10</span><sup>4</sup><span>&nbsp;yr). The crystal-scale image of the reservoir configuration, with several isolated magma batches, is very similar to the reservoir configurations inferred from seismic data at active supervolcanoes. The connection of magma batches vertically distributed over several kilometers in the upper crust would cause a substantial increase of buoyancy overpressure, providing an eruption trigger mechanism that is the direct consequence of the reservoir assembly process.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/G35979.1","usgsCitation":"Wotzlaw, J., Bindeman, I., Watts, K.E., Schmitt, A., Caricchi, L., and Schaltegger, U., 2014, Linking rapid magma reservoir assembly and eruption trigger mechanisms at evolved Yellowstone-type supervolcanoes: Geology, v. 42, no. 9, p. 807-810, https://doi.org/10.1130/G35979.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"807","endPage":"810","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057603","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321300,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.29150390625,\n              44.05601169578525\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9072265625,\n              44.05601169578525\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9072265625,\n              45.089035564831036\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.29150390625,\n              45.089035564831036\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.29150390625,\n              44.05601169578525\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d65a7e4b07e28b6684601","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wotzlaw, J.F.","contributorId":169319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wotzlaw","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25472,"text":"University of Geneva","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bindeman, I.N.","contributorId":99337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bindeman","given":"I.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watts, Kathryn E. 0000-0002-6110-7499 kwatts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6110-7499","contributorId":5081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Kathryn","email":"kwatts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmitt, A.K.","contributorId":75320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caricchi, L.","contributorId":169320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caricchi","given":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":25472,"text":"University of Geneva","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schaltegger, U.","contributorId":169321,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaltegger","given":"U.","affiliations":[{"id":25472,"text":"University of Geneva","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70117207,"text":"70117207 - 2014 - Paleoseismology of the Southern Section of the Black Mountains and Southern Death Valley Fault Zones, Death Valley, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-21T11:38:24","indexId":"70117207","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-21T09:55:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoseismology of the Southern Section of the Black Mountains and Southern Death Valley Fault Zones, Death Valley, United States","docAbstract":"The Death Valley Fault System (DVFS) is part of the southern Walker Lane–eastern California shear zone. The normal Black Mountains Fault Zone (BMFZ) and the right-lateral Southern Death Valley Fault Zone (SDVFZ) are two components of the DVFS. Estimates of late Pleistocene-Holocene slip rates and recurrence intervals for these two fault zones are uncertain owing to poor relative age control. The BMFZ southernmost section (Section 1W) steps basinward and preserves multiple scarps in the Quaternary alluvial fans. We present optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates ranging from 27 to 4 ka of fluvial and eolian sand lenses interbedded with alluvial-fan deposits offset by the BMFZ. By cross-cutting relations, we infer that there were three separate ground-rupturing earthquakes on BMFZ Section 1W with vertical displacement between 5.5 m and 2.75 m. The slip-rate estimate is ∼0.2 to 1.8 mm/yr, with an earthquake recurrence interval of 4,500 to 2,000 years. Slip-per-event measurements indicate Mw 7.0 to 7.2 earthquakes. The 27–4-ka OSL-dated alluvial fans also overlie the putative Cinder Hill tephra layer. Cinder Hill is offset ∼213 m by SDVFZ, which yields a tentative slip rate of 1 to 8 mm/yr for the SDVFZ.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America, Association of Engineering Geologists","publisherLocation":"College Station, TX","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.20.2.177","usgsCitation":"Sohn, M.S., Knott, J.R., and Mahan, S., 2014, Paleoseismology of the Southern Section of the Black Mountains and Southern Death Valley Fault Zones, Death Valley, United States: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 20, no. 2, p. 177-198, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.20.2.177.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-035052","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290535,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290501,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.20.2.177"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.0,35.5 ], [ -118.0,37.5 ], [ -116.0,37.5 ], [ -116.0,35.5 ], [ -118.0,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a8e4b0bc0bec09f8ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sohn, Marsha S.","contributorId":51213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohn","given":"Marsha","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knott, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":81408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knott","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":1215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70117221,"text":"70117221 - 2014 - A geochronologic framework for the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-12T14:53:09","indexId":"70117221","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-18T17:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A geochronologic framework for the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The Ziegler Reservoir fossil site near Snowmass Village, Colorado, provides a unique opportunity to reconstruct high-altitude paleoenvironmental conditions in the Rocky Mountains during the last interglacial period. We used four different techniques to establish a chronological framework for the site. Radiocarbon dating of lake organics, bone collagen, and shell carbonate, and in situ cosmogenic <sup>10</sup>Be and <sup>26</sup>Al ages on a boulder on the crest of a moraine that impounded the lake suggest that the ages of the sediments that hosted the fossils are between ~ 140 ka and &gt; 45 ka. Uranium-series ages of vertebrate remains generally fall within these bounds, but extremely low uranium concentrations and evidence of open-system behavior limit their utility. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages (n = 18) obtained from fine-grained quartz maintain stratigraphic order, were replicable, and provide reliable ages for the lake sediments. Analysis of the equivalent dose (D<sub>E</sub>) dispersion of the OSL samples showed that the sediments were fully bleached prior to deposition and low scatter suggests that eolian processes were likely the dominant transport mechanism for fine-grained sediments into the lake. The resulting ages show that the fossil-bearing sediments span the latest part of marine isotope stage (MIS) 6, all of MIS 5 and MIS 4, and the earliest part of MIS 3.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2014.03.004","usgsCitation":"Mahan, S., Gray, H.J., Pigati, J., Wilson, J., Lifton, N.A., Paces, J.B., and Blaauw, M., 2014, A geochronologic framework for the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado: Quaternary Research, v. 82, no. 3, p. 490-503, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2014.03.004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"490","endPage":"503","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051559","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290505,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2014.03.004"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Snowmass Village","otherGeospatial":"Ziegler Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.967724,39.206268 ], [ -106.967724,39.209338 ], [ -106.962021,39.209338 ], [ -106.962021,39.206268 ], [ -106.967724,39.206268 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd49dde4b0b290850ef6e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":1215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, Harrison J. 0000-0002-4555-7473 hgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4555-7473","contributorId":4991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Harrison","email":"hgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pigati, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5843-6219","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5843-6219","contributorId":60068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pigati","given":"Jeffrey S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, Jim","contributorId":20658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lifton, Nathaniel A.","contributorId":30915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lifton","given":"Nathaniel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Blaauw, Maarten","contributorId":108408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blaauw","given":"Maarten","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70117194,"text":"70117194 - 2014 - The notion of climate-driven strath-terrace production assessed via dissimilar stream-process response to late Quaternary climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-18T16:59:41","indexId":"70117194","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-18T16:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The notion of climate-driven strath-terrace production assessed via dissimilar stream-process response to late Quaternary climate","docAbstract":"Previous research results from the Gabilan Mesa are combined with new optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) age estimates and sedimentological analyses with the aim of identifying factors that inhibit climate-driven strath-terrace production, and factors that make possible strath-terrace production independent of climate forcing. The factors are revealed by comparing the morphostratigraphy and OSL age estimates of terraces in the adjacent San Lorenzo Creek and Pancho Rico Creek drainage basins of the central California Coast Ranges. OSL age estimates on San Lorenzo Creek fill-terrace alluvium overlying bedrock at two paleofluvial levels range between 50.5 and 41.3 ka and between 33.4 and 18.2 ka. These OSL age estimates indicate that although the channel of Pancho Rico Creek was degrading at these times, San Lorenzo Creek aggradation was synchronous with previously documented regional, climatically driven aggradation that elsewhere in southern California led to strath production and alluvial deposition. The regional-scale climate forcing events had different effects on San Lorenzo and Pancho Rico Creeks because of the influences of drainage-basin lithology on bedload size and tectonic tilting direction on base-level fall. The Holocene history of channel denudation and strath production of Pancho Rico Creek is also different from that of San Lorenzo Creek, and different from that of many other streams in southern California. After Pancho Rico Creek captured the upper part of the drainage basin of San Lorenzo Creek sometime after 15.5 to 11.7 ka, Pancho Rico Creek has been producing unpaired, erosional strath terraces. The weak, clay rich, fine-grained sedimentary rock underlying Pancho Rico Valley is an ideal substrate in which to form straths. The meandering channel of Pancho Rico Creek produces straths, and weathering resistant, relatively hard bedload introduced by stream capture ensures their preservation as strath terraces.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.02.008","usgsCitation":"Garcia, A.F., and Mahan, S., 2014, The notion of climate-driven strath-terrace production assessed via dissimilar stream-process response to late Quaternary climate: Geomorphology, v. 214, p. 223-244, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.02.008.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"244","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-051564","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290503,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290495,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.02.008"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"California Coast Ranges;Gabilan Mesa;Pancho Rico Creek;San Lorenzo Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.9977,35.0952 ], [ -121.9977,36.5979 ], [ -119.501,36.5979 ], [ -119.501,35.0952 ], [ -121.9977,35.0952 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"214","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7843e4b0b2908510c0aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, Antonio F.","contributorId":12790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Antonio","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":1215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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