{"pageNumber":"1302","pageRowStart":"32525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40904,"records":[{"id":2301,"text":"wsp2464 - 1996 - Numerical simulation of a plume of brackish water in the Biscayne Aquifer originating from a flowing artesian well, Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:20","indexId":"wsp2464","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2464","title":"Numerical simulation of a plume of brackish water in the Biscayne Aquifer originating from a flowing artesian well, Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"A computer model that simulates a plume of brackish water in the Biscayne Aquifer has been developed. Simulations showed the remnant plume moving generally south-southeastward after 1985 and gradually dissipating. The plume of brackish water (originating from a well drilled in 1944) will be completely dispersed between 1994 and 2003. New well fields drilled would not cause the remnant plume to reverse direction nor would the brackish water reach the well fields.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2464","usgsCitation":"Merritt, M.L., 1996, Numerical simulation of a plume of brackish water in the Biscayne Aquifer originating from a flowing artesian well, Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2464, v, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2464.","productDescription":"v, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2464/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28115,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2464/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db65874a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merritt, Michael L.","contributorId":29392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23542,"text":"ofr95451 - 1996 - Dissolved oxygen in the Tualatin River, Oregon, during winter flow conditions, 1991 and 1992","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":23542,"text":"ofr95451 - 1996 - Dissolved oxygen in the Tualatin River, Oregon, during winter flow conditions, 1991 and 1992","indexId":"ofr95451","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Dissolved oxygen in the Tualatin River, Oregon, during winter flow conditions, 1991 and 1992"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2019,"text":"wsp2465A - 1997 - Dissolved oxygen in the Tualatin River, Oregon, during winter flow conditions, 1991 and 1992","indexId":"wsp2465A","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Dissolved oxygen in the Tualatin River, Oregon, during winter flow conditions, 1991 and 1992"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2019,"text":"wsp2465A - 1997 - Dissolved oxygen in the Tualatin River, Oregon, during winter flow conditions, 1991 and 1992","indexId":"wsp2465A","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Dissolved oxygen in the Tualatin River, Oregon, during winter flow conditions, 1991 and 1992"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:01","indexId":"ofr95451","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-451","title":"Dissolved oxygen in the Tualatin River, Oregon, during winter flow conditions, 1991 and 1992","docAbstract":"Throughout the winter period, November through April, wastewater treatment plants in the Tualatin River Basin discharge from 10,000 to 15,000 pounds per day of biochemical oxygen demand to the river. These loads often increase substantially during storms when streamflow is high. During the early winter season, when streamflow is frequently less than the average winter flow, the treatment plants discharge about 2,000 pounds per day of ammonia. This study focused on the capacity of the Tualatin River to assimilat oxygen-demanding loads under winter streamflow conditions during the 1992 water year, with an emphasis on peak-flow conditions in the river, and winter-base-flow conditions during November 1992. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen throughout the main stem of the river during the winter remained generally high relative to the State standard for Oregon of 6 milligrams per liter. The most important factors controlling oxygen consumption during winter-low-flow conditions were carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand and input of oxygen-depleted waters from tributaries. During peak-flow conditions, reduced travel time and increased dilution associated with the increased streamflow minimized the effect of increased oxygen-demanding loads. During the base-flow period in November 1992, concentrations of dissolved oxygen were consistently below 6 milligrams per liter. A hydrodynamic water-quality model was used to identify the processes depleting dissolved oxygen, including sediment oxygen demand, nitrification, and carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand. Sediment oxygen demand was the most significant factor; nitrification was also important. Hypothetical scenarios were posed to evaluate the effect of different wastewater treatment plant loads during winter-base-flow conditions. Streamflow and temperature were significant factors governing concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the main-stem river.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95451","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Kelly, V., 1996, Dissolved oxygen in the Tualatin River, Oregon, during winter flow conditions, 1991 and 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-451, ix, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95451.","productDescription":"ix, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0451/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52830,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0451/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a04a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, V.J.","contributorId":14009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"V.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24835,"text":"ofr96123 - 1996 - Summary of the land-use inventory for the nonpoint-source evaluation monitoring watersheds in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-16T12:15:49","indexId":"ofr96123","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-123","title":"Summary of the land-use inventory for the nonpoint-source evaluation monitoring watersheds in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>In 1992, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a land-use inventory to identify sources of pollutants and track the land-management changes for eight evaluation monitoring watersheds established as part of the WDNR's Nonpoint Source Program. Each evaluation monitoring watershed is within a WDNR priority watershed. The U.S. Geological Survey is responsible for collection of water-quality data in the evaluation monitoring watersheds. An initial inventory was completed for each of the WDNR priority watersheds before nonpoint-source plans were developed for the control of nonpoint pollution. The land-use inventory described in this report expands upon the initial inventory by including nonpoint pollution sources that were not identified and also by updating changes in landuse and land-management practices. New sources of nonpoint pollution, not identified in the initial inventory, could prove to be important when monitored and modeled data are analyzed. This effort to inventory the evaluation monitoring watersheds will help with the interpretation of future land-use and water-quality data. This report describes landuse inventory methods, presents results of the inventory, and lists proposed future activities.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96123","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Wierl, J., Rappold, K., and Amerson, F., 1996, Summary of the land-use inventory for the nonpoint-source evaluation monitoring watersheds in Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-123, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96123.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0123/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53839,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0123/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":24728,"text":"ofr95287 - 1996 - Digital elevation model (DEM) file of topographic elevations for the Death Valley region of southern Nevada and southeastern California processed from U.S. Geological Survey 1-degree Digital Elevation Model data files","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:22","indexId":"ofr95287","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-287","title":"Digital elevation model (DEM) file of topographic elevations for the Death Valley region of southern Nevada and southeastern California processed from U.S. Geological Survey 1-degree Digital Elevation Model data files","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95287","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Turner, A.K., D’Agnese, F.A., and Faunt, C., 1996, Digital elevation model (DEM) file of topographic elevations for the Death Valley region of southern Nevada and southeastern California processed from U.S. Geological Survey 1-degree Digital Elevation Model data files: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-287, iii, 9 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95287.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0287/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53755,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0287/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d59f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turner, A. K.","contributorId":82351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Agnese, F. A.","contributorId":6096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Agnese","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faunt, Claudia C. 0000-0001-5659-7529 ccfaunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":1491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"Claudia C.","email":"ccfaunt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":192450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":22413,"text":"ofr9651 - 1996 - Resource assessment of the Bureau of Land Management's Winnemucca District and Surprise Resource Area, Northwest Nevada and Northeast California; geochemical analysis and thermochronologic modeling to evaluate conceptual petroleum plays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:05","indexId":"ofr9651","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-51","title":"Resource assessment of the Bureau of Land Management's Winnemucca District and Surprise Resource Area, Northwest Nevada and Northeast California; geochemical analysis and thermochronologic modeling to evaluate conceptual petroleum plays","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9651","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Barker, C., 1996, Resource assessment of the Bureau of Land Management's Winnemucca District and Surprise Resource Area, Northwest Nevada and Northeast California; geochemical analysis and thermochronologic modeling to evaluate conceptual petroleum plays: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-51, iii, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9651.","productDescription":"iii, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0051/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51958,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0051/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67afa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, C.E.","contributorId":69991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27143,"text":"wri954212 - 1996 - Evaluation of the Surface-Water Quantity, Surface-Water Quality, and Rainfall Data-Collection Programs in Hawaii, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri954212","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4212","title":"Evaluation of the Surface-Water Quantity, Surface-Water Quality, and Rainfall Data-Collection Programs in Hawaii, 1994","docAbstract":"This report documents the results of an evaluation of the surface-water quantity, surface-water quality, and rainfall data-collection programs in Hawaii. Fourteen specific issues and related goals were identified for the surface-water quantity program and a geographic information systems (GIS) data base was developed summarizing information for all surface-water stream gages that have been operated in Hawaii by the U.S. Geological Survey. Changes in status, which for some gages includes discontinuing operation, need to be considered at 42 sites where data are currently collected.\r\n\r\nThe current surface-water quantity data base was determined to be adequate to address only two of the 14 specific issues and related goals. Alternatives were identified to address the areas where future issues and goals could not be adequately addressed. Options include new and expanded data collection, use of regional regression analyses, hydrologic and hydraulic modeling, and analysis and publication of existing data. A total of 47 streams were identified where additional stream-gaging stations are needed.\r\n\r\nEvaluation of the surface-water quality program was limited to a description of the U.S. Geological Survey's historical and existing programs and available analyses of data. Limitations of the program are described which primarily included lack of data regarding suspended sediment, land-use effects, quality of stream discharge to oceans, background water quality and nonpoint sources of contamination. \r\nEvaluation of the rainfall data program indicated that identified future goals could be discussed as either regional, systems related, current needs, forecasting, water quality, or trend analysis related.\r\n\r\nTo address these goals, data from about 2,000 rain gages, 528 of which are active, are available. Data were found to only partially meet identified goals. Alternatives discussed to address the limitations include the need for more recording gages, primarily in areas of high rainfall. Another area of concern was the potential that many plantations will close and the effect these closings would have on continued operation of the important long-term gages they operate.\r\n\r\nEvaluation of data-collection programs in Hawaii needs to be an ongoing process. Equally important, data being collected need to be summarized and made available through data bases and published reports.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri954212","usgsCitation":"Fontaine, R.A., 1996, Evaluation of the Surface-Water Quantity, Surface-Water Quality, and Rainfall Data-Collection Programs in Hawaii, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4212, v, 125 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954212.","productDescription":"v, 125 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4212/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56019,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4212/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56020,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4212/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56021,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4212/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56022,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4212/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56023,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4212/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56024,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4212/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56025,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4212/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5edfa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fontaine, Richard A. rfontain@usgs.gov","contributorId":2379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontaine","given":"Richard","email":"rfontain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":197630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30450,"text":"wri964015 - 1996 - Uncertainty analysis of the simulations of effects of discharging treated wastewater to the Red River of the North at Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-14T16:44:39","indexId":"wri964015","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4015","title":"Uncertainty analysis of the simulations of effects of discharging treated wastewater to the Red River of the North at Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Two separate studies to simulate the effects of discharging treated wastewater to the Red River of the North at Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota, have been completed. In the first study, the Red River at Fargo Water-Quality Model was calibrated and verified for icefree conditions. In the second study, the Red River at Fargo Ice-Cover Water-Quality Model was verified for ice-cover conditions.</p><p>To better understand and apply the Red River at Fargo Water-Quality Model and the Red River at Fargo Ice-Cover Water-Quality Model, the uncertainty associated with simulated constituent concentrations and property values was analyzed and quantified using the Enhanced Stream Water Quality Model-Uncertainty Analysis. The Monte Carlo simulation and first-order error analysis methods were used to analyze the uncertainty in simulated values for six constituents and properties at sites 5, 10, and 14 (upstream to downstream order). The constituents and properties analyzed for uncertainty are specific conductance, total organic nitrogen (reported as nitrogen), total ammonia (reported as nitrogen), total nitrite plus nitrate (reported as nitrogen), 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand for ice-cover conditions and ultimate carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand for ice-free conditions, and dissolved oxygen. Results are given in detail for both the ice-cover and ice-free conditions for specific conductance, total ammonia, and dissolved oxygen.</p><p>The sensitivity and uncertainty of the simulated constituent concentrations and property values to input variables differ substantially between ice-cover and ice-free conditions. During ice-cover conditions, simulated specific-conductance values are most sensitive to the headwatersource specific-conductance values upstream of site 10 and the point-source specific-conductance values downstream of site 10. These headwater-source and point-source specific-conductance values also are the key sources of uncertainty. Simulated total ammonia concentrations are most sensitive to the point-source total ammonia concentrations at all three sites. Other input variables that contribute substantially to the variability of simulated total ammonia concentrations are the headwater-source total ammonia and the instream reaction coefficient for biological decay of total ammonia to total nitrite. Simulated dissolved-oxygen concentrations at all three sites are most sensitive to headwater-source dissolved-oxygen concentration. This input variable is the key source of variability for simulated dissolved-oxygen concentrations at sites 5 and 10. Headwatersource and point-source dissolved-oxygen concentrations are the key sources of variability for simulated dissolved-oxygen concentrations at site 14.</p><p>During ice-free conditions, simulated specific-conductance values at all three sites are most sensitive to the headwater-source specific-conductance values. Headwater-source specificconductance values also are the key source of uncertainty. The input variables to which total ammonia and dissolved oxygen are most sensitive vary from site to site and may or may not correspond to the input variables that contribute the most to the variability. The input variables that contribute the most to the variability of simulated total ammonia concentrations are pointsource total ammonia, instream reaction coefficient for biological decay of total ammonia to total nitrite, and Manning's roughness coefficient. The input variables that contribute the most to the variability of simulated dissolved-oxygen concentrations are reaeration rate, sediment oxygen demand rate, and headwater-source algae as chlorophyll a. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964015","usgsCitation":"Wesolowski, E.A., 1996, Uncertainty analysis of the simulations of effects of discharging treated wastewater to the Red River of the North at Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4015, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964015.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":59232,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4015/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4015/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a0e4b07f02db5bdbe3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wesolowski, Edwin A.","contributorId":14014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesolowski","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70174770,"text":"70174770 - 1996 - Kangaroo rat bone compared to white rat bone after short-term disuse and exercise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-05T19:05:34","indexId":"70174770","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5295,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Physiology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kangaroo rat bone compared to white rat bone after short-term disuse and exercise","docAbstract":"<p><span></span><span>Kangaroo rats (<i>Dipodomys ordii</i>) were used to study the effects of confinement on mechanical properties of bone with a long range objective of proposing an alternative to the white rat model for the study of disuse osteoporosis. Kangaroo rats exhibit bipedal locomotion, which subjects their limbs to substantial accelerative forces in addition to the normal stress of weight bearing. We subjected groups of kangaroo rats and white rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>) to one of two confinement treatments or to an exercise regime; animals were exercised at a rate calculated to replicate their (respective) daily exercise patterns. White laboratory rats were used as the comparison because they are currently the accepted model used in the study of disuse osteoporosis. After 6 weeks of treatment, rats were killed and the long bones of their hind limbs were tested mechanically and examined for histomorphometric changes. We found that kangaroo rats held in confinement had less ash content in their hind limbs than exercised kangaroo rats. In general, treated kangaroo rats showed morphometric and mechanical bone deterioration compared to controls and exercised kangaroo rats appeared to have slightly “stronger” bones than confined animals. White rats exhibited no significant differences between treatments. These preliminary results suggest that kangaroo rats may be an effective model in the study of disuse osteoporosis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0300-9629(96)00025-4","usgsCitation":"Muths, E., and Reichman, O.J., 1996, Kangaroo rat bone compared to white rat bone after short-term disuse and exercise: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Physiology, v. 114, no. 4, p. 355-361, https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(96)00025-4.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"361","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578a0930e4b0c1aacab7d40c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muths, E.","contributorId":6394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reichman, O. J.","contributorId":172918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reichman","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70178300,"text":"70178300 - 1996 - Development and evaluation of sediment quality guidelines for Florida coastal waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-10T15:30:49","indexId":"70178300","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and evaluation of sediment quality guidelines for Florida coastal waters","docAbstract":"<p><span>The weight-of-evidence approach to the development of sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) was modified to support the derivation of biological effects-based SQGs for Florida coastal waters. Numerical SQGs were derived for 34 substances, including nine trace metals, 13 individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), three groups of PAHs, total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), seven pesticides and one phthalate ester. For each substance, a threshold effects level (TEL) and a probable effects level (PEL) was calculated. These two values defined three ranges of chemical concentrations, including those that were (1) rarely, (2) occasionally or (3) frequently associated with adverse effects. The SQGs were then evaluated to determine their degree of agreement with other guidelines (an indicator of comparability) and the percent incidence of adverse effects within each concentration range (an indicator of reliability). The guidelines also were used to classify (using a dichotomous system: toxic, with one or more exceedances of the PELs or non-toxic, with no exceedances of the TELs) sediment samples collected from various locations in Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. The accuracy of these predictions was then evaluated using the results of the biological tests that were performed on the same sediment samples. The resultant SQGs were demonstrated to provide practical, reliable and predictive tools for assessing sediment quality in Florida and elsewhere in the southeastern portion of the United States.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00118995","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, D.D., Carr, R.S., Calder, F.D., Long, E.R., and Ingersoll, C.G., 1996, Development and evaluation of sediment quality guidelines for Florida coastal waters: Ecotoxicology, v. 5, no. 4, p. 253-278, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00118995.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"278","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330950,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58259565e4b01fad86db2439","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, Donald D.","contributorId":176179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, R. Scott","contributorId":14025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calder, Fred D.","contributorId":176812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calder","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Long, Edward R.","contributorId":106365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70019055,"text":"70019055 - 1996 - The Amazon-Laurentian connection as viewed from the Middle Proterozoic rocks in the central Andes, western Bolivia and northern Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-08T17:03:07.926009","indexId":"70019055","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Amazon-Laurentian connection as viewed from the Middle Proterozoic rocks in the central Andes, western Bolivia and northern Chile","docAbstract":"<p><span>Middle Proterozoic rocks underlying the Andes in western Bolivia, western Argentina, and northern Chile and Early Proterozoic rocks of the Arequipa massif in southern Perú form the Arequipa-Antofalla craton. These rocks are discontinuously exposed beneath Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks, but abundant crystalline clasts in Tertiary sedimentary rocks in the western altiplano allow indirect samples of the craton. Near Berenguela, western Bolivia, the Oligocene and Miocene Mauri Formation contains boulders of granodiorite augen gneiss (1171±20 Ma and 1158±12 Ma; U-Pb zircon), quartzose gneiss and granofels that are inferred to have arkosic protoliths (1100 Ma source region; U-Pb zircon), quartzofeldspathic and mafic orthogneisses that have amphibolite- and granulite-facies metamorphic mineral assemblages (∼1080 Ma metamorphism; U-Pb zircon), and undeformed granitic rocks of Phanerozoic(?) age. The Middle Proterozoic crystalline rocks from Berenguela and elsewhere in western Bolivia and from the Middle Proterozoic Belén Schist in northern Chile generally have present-day low&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>204</sup><span>Pb (&lt;18.0), elevated&nbsp;</span><sup>207</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>204</sup><span>Pb (&gt;15.57), and elevated&nbsp;</span><sup>208</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>204</sup><span>Pb (37.2 to 50.7) indicative of high time-averaged Th/U values. The Middle Proterozoic rocks in general have higher present-day&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>204</sup><span>Pb values than those of the Early Proterozoic rocks of the Arequipa massif (</span><sup>206</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>204</sup><span>Pb between 16.1 and 17.1) but lower than rocks of the southern Arequipa-Antofalla craton (</span><sup>206</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>204</sup><span>Pb&gt; 18.5), a difference inferred to reflect Grenvillian granulite metamorphism. The Pb isotopic compositions for the various Proterozoic rocks lie on common Pb isotopic growth curves, implying that Pb incorporated in rocks composing the Arequipa-Antofalla craton was extracted from a similar evolving Pb isotopic reservoir. Evidently, the craton has been a coherent terrane since the Middle Proterozoic. Moreover, the Pb isotopic compositions for the Arequipa-Antofalla craton overlap those of the Amazon craton, thereby supporting a link between these cratons and seemingly precluding part of the Arequipa-Antofalla craton from being a detached fragment of another craton such as eastern Laurentia, which has been characterized by a different U/Pb history. Pb isotopic compositions for the Arequipa-Antofalla craton are, furthermore, distinct from those of the Proterozoic basement in the Precordillera terrane, western Argentina, indicating a Pb isotopic and presumably a tectonic boundary between them. The Pb isotopic compositions for the Precordillera basement are similar to those of eastern Laurentia, and support other data indicating that these rocks are a detached fragment of North America. Finally, the distinct Pb isotopic evolution history of the Arequipa-Antofalla craton and eastern Laurentia require minor modification to tectonic models linking eastern North America-Scotland to the oroclinal bend in western South America.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95TC03248","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"Tosdal, R., 1996, The Amazon-Laurentian connection as viewed from the Middle Proterozoic rocks in the central Andes, western Bolivia and northern Chile: Tectonics, v. 15, no. 4, p. 827-842, https://doi.org/10.1029/95TC03248.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"827","endPage":"842","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Bolivia, Chile","otherGeospatial":"central Andes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.16304407010888,\n              -14.176918009035418\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.16304407010888,\n              -24.385027535134185\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.95164051526764,\n              -24.385027535134185\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.95164051526764,\n              -14.176918009035418\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.16304407010888,\n              -14.176918009035418\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba67ae4b08c986b321162","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tosdal, R. M.","contributorId":54982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosdal","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70201977,"text":"70201977 - 1996 - The Topography of Asteroid Ida: A Comparison between Photogrammetric and Shape­Form-Shading Image Analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T10:10:21","indexId":"70201977","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-31T10:09:22","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The Topography of Asteroid Ida: A Comparison between Photogrammetric and Shape­Form-Shading Image Analysis","docAbstract":"<p>We derived high resolution Digital Terrain Models from stereo images of the asteroid Ida that were obtained by the Galileo spacecraft during the flyby in August 1993 and compared these results with terrain models derived from two-dimensional photoclinometry. The comparison shows that there are striking discrepancies between the results from the two models depending on the spatial scale length of surface features. While photogrammetry resolves large- and medium-scale features, photoclinometry successfully resolves small-scale features. Ideally, both methods should be combined to optimize terrain modeling.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of XVIIIth ISPRS Congress Technical Commission III: Theory and Algorithms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"XVIIIth ISPRS Congress Technical Commission III: Theory and Algorithms","conferenceDate":"July 9-19, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Vienna, Austria","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Giese, B., Oberst, J., Kirk, R.L., and Zeitler, W., 1996, The Topography of Asteroid Ida: A Comparison between Photogrammetric and Shape­Form-Shading Image Analysis, <i>in</i> Proceedings of XVIIIth ISPRS Congress Technical Commission III: Theory and Algorithms, Vienna, Austria, July 9-19, 1996, p. 245-250.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"250","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360960,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360959,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXI/congress/part3/"}],"otherGeospatial":"Ida","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giese, Bernd","contributorId":211337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giese","given":"Bernd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oberst, Juergen","contributorId":211341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oberst","given":"Juergen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zeitler, W.","contributorId":6218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeitler","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70189711,"text":"70189711 - 1996 - Application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls from hydrophobic solutions: Extracts of fish and dialysates of semipermeable membrane devices: Chapter 26","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-20T16:08:46","indexId":"70189711","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls from hydrophobic solutions: Extracts of fish and dialysates of semipermeable membrane devices: Chapter 26","docAbstract":"<p><span>Determination of PCBs in biological tissue extracts by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) can be problematic, since the hydrophobic solvents used for their extraction and isolation from interfering biochemicals have limited compatibility with the polar solvents (e.g. methanol/water) and the immunochemical reagents used in ELISA. Our studies of these solvent effects indicate that significant errors can occur when microliter volumes of PCB containing extracts, in hydrophobic solvents, are diluted directly into methanol/water diluents. Errors include low recovery and excess variability among sub-samples taken from the same sample dilution. These errors are associated with inhomogeneity of the dilution, which is readily visualized by the use of a hydrophobic dye, Solvent Blue 35. Solvent Blue 35 is also used to visualize the evaporative removal of hydrophobic solvent and the dissolution of the resulting PCB/dye residue by pure methanol and 50% (v/v) methanol/water, typical ELISA diluents. Evaporative removal of isooctane by an ambient temperature nitrogen purge with subsequent dissolution in 100% methanol gives near quantitative recovery of model PCB congeners. We also compare concentrations of total PCBs from ELISA (ePCB) to their corresponding concentrations determined from capillary gas chromatography (GC) in selected fish sample extracts and dialysates of semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) passive samplers using an optimized solvent exchange procedure. Based on Aroclor 1254 calibrations, ePCBs (ng/mL) determined in fish extracts are positively correlated with total PCB concentrations (ng/mL) determined by GC: ePCB = 1.16 * total-cPCB - 5.92. Measured ePCBs (ng/3 SPMDs) were also positively correlated (r</span><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.999) with PCB totals (ng/3 SPMDs) measured by GC for dialysates of SPMDs: ePCB = 1.52 * total PCB - 212. Therefore, this ELISA system for PCBs can be a rapid alternative to traditional GC analyses for determination of PCBs in extracts of biota or in SPMD dialysates.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Immunochemical Methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/bk-1996-0646.ch026","usgsCitation":"Zajicek, J.L., Tillitt, D.E., Huckins, J.N., Petty, J.D., Potts, M.E., and Nardone, D.A., 1996, Application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls from hydrophobic solutions: Extracts of fish and dialysates of semipermeable membrane devices: Chapter 26, chap. <i>of</i> Environmental Immunochemical Methods, v. 646, p. 307-325, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0646.ch026.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"325","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"646","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5971c1c8e4b0ec1a4885db01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zajicek, James L. jzajicek@usgs.gov","contributorId":2775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zajicek","given":"James","email":"jzajicek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":705890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huckins, James N.","contributorId":83454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petty, Jimmie D.","contributorId":175402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petty","given":"Jimmie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Potts, Michael E.","contributorId":194949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potts","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nardone, David A.","contributorId":194950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nardone","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":21882,"text":"ofr9610 - 1996 - Hydrothermal alteration mineralogy of SOH drill holes, Kilauea East Rift Zone geothermal area, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T10:20:16","indexId":"ofr9610","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-10","title":"Hydrothermal alteration mineralogy of SOH drill holes, Kilauea East Rift Zone geothermal area, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>Thirty-eight hydrothermal minerals were identified from 356 drill-core specimens that were obtained from three Scientific Observation Holes (SOH-1, SOH-2, and SOH-4) drilled along the lower East Rift Zone (ERZ) of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. The minerals formed during alteration of basaltic rocks and glass by hot, circulating, waters in aquifers consisting of variable mixtures of meteoric water and sea water. Several zeolites, hydrated calcium silicates, carbonates, clays, silicates, sulfates, sulfides, and other minerals were found filling open spaces of vesicles, fractures, and between breccia fragments of the recovered drill core; many specimens that originally consisted of glass are completely altered to some of these minerals, especially clays. Several hydrothermal minerals (erionite, mordenite, truscottite, smectite, chlorite-smectite, chalcedony, anhydrite, and hematite), occur in the SOH drill holes at higher measured temperatures than the same minerals are found in geothermal drill holes of Iceland or other geothermal areas, suggesting that temperatures within the ERZ geothermal system have increased since the minerals formed. Fluid-inclusion freezing data for quartz, anhydrite, and calcite from the three SOH holes show that composition of the inclusion fluids ranges from dilute meteoric water to highly modified sea water concentrated by boiling. Comparison of measured drill-hole temperatures with fluid-inclusion homogenization-temperature data indicates that only about 15% of the fluid inclusions could have formed under the present thermal conditions. The majority of fluid inclusions studied apparently formed during one or more temperature fluctuations associated with the emplacement of nearby dikes and their subsequent cooling. </p><p>Bacteria-like particles at 1734.6 m depth in SOH-4 could be very significant because the particles occurred at much hotter temperatures (about 265°C) than the generally accepted 110°C limit for survival of bacteria. The presence of Cl in the particles suggests that they might have lived in a saline environment and did not result from contamination by the fresh water drilling fluids. We reccomend that future drilling and subsequent handling of drill hole specimens in the ERZ and elsewhere employ controls to minimize and(or) recognize bacterial contamination. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9610","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Bargar, K.E., Keith, T.E., Trusdell, F., Evans, S., and Sykes, M., 1996, Hydrothermal alteration mineralogy of SOH drill holes, Kilauea East Rift Zone geothermal area, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-10, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9610.","productDescription":"75 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51370,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0010/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0010/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc611","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bargar, Keith E.","contributorId":9643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bargar","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keith, Terry E.C.","contributorId":79099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trusdell, Frank A. 0000-0002-0681-0528 trusdell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0681-0528","contributorId":754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"Frank A.","email":"trusdell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, S.R.","contributorId":83954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sykes, M.L.","contributorId":47394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5224,"text":"fs10696 - 1996 - Floods, runoff, and snowpack in Utah, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T11:37:25","indexId":"fs10696","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"106-96","title":"Floods, runoff, and snowpack in Utah, 1995","docAbstract":"<p>U<span>tah, like other States in the western United States, has experienced several rapid and extreme changes between wet and dry precipitation cycles during recent years. During the 1995 water year (October 1994 to September 1995), most areas of Utah experienced greater-than-normal precipitation (1961-90), which was reflected in greater-than-average snowpack, moderate flooding, a landslide in southwestern Utah, and prolonged high runoff in northern and eastern Utah. Preliminary monthly streamflow data for January to June 1995 from 11 sites gaged by the U.S. Geological Survey were grouped into three regions of the State and compared with snow-water equivalent data from 6 selected SNOTEL (SNOwpack TELemetered) sites operated by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (fig. 1).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/fs10696","usgsCitation":"Allen, D., 1996, Floods, runoff, and snowpack in Utah, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 106-96, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10696.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0106/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31947,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0106/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df76e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, D.V.","contributorId":6129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23965,"text":"ofr95470 - 1996 - Numerical model analysis of the effects of ground-water withdrawals on discharge to streams and springs in small basins typical of the Puget Sound Lowland, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:00","indexId":"ofr95470","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-470","title":"Numerical model analysis of the effects of ground-water withdrawals on discharge to streams and springs in small basins typical of the Puget Sound Lowland, Washington","docAbstract":"A numerical ground-water flow model of a hypothetical basin was constructed and used to investigate the effects of ground-water withdrawals on rates of natural discharge to streams and springs in small basins of the Puget Sound Lowland. Definitions of the topography, geology, drainage, and climate of the hypothetical basin were based on the features of typical small basins in the Puget Sound Lowland. This information was used to construct a 13-layer numerical ground-water flow model capable of simulating water levels, hydraulic gradients, and discharge to streams and springs. Three sequences of glacial drift and interglacial deposits were simulated in the model; each sequence consisted of recessional outwash, till, advance, outwash, and fine-grained interglacial sediments. Alluvial sediments of the major stream valleys and undifferentiated glacial and interglacial deposits were also included in the model.  The model was calibrated by comparing simulated hydrologic conditions with expected conditions and making adjustments to values of hydraulic characteristics as needed. The model was calibrated to predevelop- ment conditions (those prior to pumping), and then used to simulate the effects of pumping on natural discharge to streams and springs. Seven series of simulations were made to investigate the effects of (1) distance from the well to a stream, (2) the presence of confining layers, (3) pumping rate, (4) depth of the pumped aquifer, (5) distance from the well to a bluff, (6) well density, and (7) recharge rate. The discharge of wells pumping from unconfined outwash aquifers on the drift plains is derived almost entirely from capture of natural discharge to nearby stream reaches.  Increasing the lateral distance between the well and stream caused more of the well discharge to be captured from other streams on the drift plain. Pumping from aquifers separated from the stream by one or more confining layers caused a reduction in the effects of pumping on discharge to nearby streams that was offset by an increase in the effects on discharge to more distant streams and springs. The percentage of well discharge captured from springs on the bluff was sensitive to the distance of wells from the bluff. Simulations also showed that increased well density caused greater water-level decline locally, but, at equilibrium, did not affect the extent of the area affected by reduction of natural discharge to streams and springs. Finally, decreased recharge in areas where development had created impervious surfaces had a direct effect on the natural discharge rates to streams and springs. Increased recharge, however, increased natural discharge and offset the effects of well withdrawals. Further analysis of the time-dependent effects of with- drawals would provide additional insights, but would require the development of a transient version of the model.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95470","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Morgan, D.S., and Jones, J.L., 1996, Numerical model analysis of the effects of ground-water withdrawals on discharge to streams and springs in small basins typical of the Puget Sound Lowland, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-470, vi, 73 p. :ill., col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95470.","productDescription":"vi, 73 p. :ill., col. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1669,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wa.water.usgs.gov/pubs/ofr/ofr.95-470/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0470/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53159,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0470/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696847","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, D. S.","contributorId":19184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, J. L.","contributorId":27065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70188935,"text":"70188935 - 1996 - Rainbow trout embryotoxicity of a complex contaminant mixture extracted from Lake Michigan lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T16:01:02","indexId":"70188935","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2664,"text":"Marine Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rainbow trout embryotoxicity of a complex contaminant mixture extracted from Lake Michigan lake trout","docAbstract":"<p><span>Persistent Hydrophobic contaminants such as poly chlorinated dibenzo-</span><i>p</i><span>-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyl congeners are present in aquatic systems, and are known to produce adverse effects in fish. Reproductive failure in fish populations has been observed in aquatic systems contaminated with persistent hydrophobic compounds. In order to mimic maternal transfer of environmental contaminants to newly fertilized fish eggs, a complex environmental extract was tested for embryotoxicity in a nanoinjection bioassay with embryos of rainbow trout. The extract was obtained from whole adult lake trout collected from Lake Michigan in 1988. The tissue extraction involved blending and dehydration with sodium sulfate, column extraction, dialysis separation, reactive cleanup and, finally, high-performance gel permeation chromatography. Egg gram-equivalent doses (g tissue/g egg normalized for egg % lipid) of the final extract (0.02, 0.10, 0.20, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 10.0, 20.0 eggEQ) were injected into newly fertilized rainbow trout eggs using triolein as the vehicle. The extract of the lake trout was embryotoxic to rainbow trout, with an LD</span><sub>50</sub><span> of 35 eggEQ, based on total cumulative mortality. Gross physical abnormalities characteristic of dioxin exposure, such as hemorrhaging, yolk-sac edema and craniofacial deformities, were observed and showed significant dose-related increases. Sublethal effects in the rainbow trout, such as delayed time to hatch, mild hemorrhaging and moderate yolk-sac edema, resulted from estimated total PCB exposure as low as 8.8 ng/g, and this may have significant implications on Great Lakes lake trout fry and juvenile mortality.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0141-1136(95)00047-X","usgsCitation":"Wilson, P.J., and Tillitt, D.E., 1996, Rainbow trout embryotoxicity of a complex contaminant mixture extracted from Lake Michigan lake trout: Marine Environmental Research, v. 42, no. 1-4, p. 129-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(95)00047-X.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"134","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343036,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536edfe4b062508e3c7b0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Penelope J.","contributorId":193684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Penelope","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018965,"text":"70018965 - 1996 - The roles of organic matter in the formation of uranium deposits in sedimentary rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-19T16:56:57.876624","indexId":"70018965","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The roles of organic matter in the formation of uranium deposits in sedimentary rocks","docAbstract":"<p><span>Because reduced uranium species have a much smaller solubility than oxidized uranium species and because of the strong association of organic matter (a powerful reductant) with many uranium ores, reduction has long been considered to be the precipitation mechanism for many types of uranium deposits. Organic matter may also be involved in the alterations in and around tabular uranium deposits, including dolomite precipitation, formation of silicified layers, iron-titanium oxide destruction, dissolution of quartz grains, and precipitation of clay minerals. The diagenetic processes that produced these alterations also consumed organic matter. Consequently, those tabular deposits that underwent the more advanced stages of diagenesis, including methanogenesis and organic acid generation, display the greatest range of alterations and contain the smallest amount of organic matter. Because of certain similarities between tabular uranium deposits and Precambrian unconformity-related deposits, some of the same processes might have been involved in the genesis of Precambrian unconformity-related deposits.</span></p><p><span>Hydrologic studies place important constraints on genetic models of various types of uranium deposits. In roll-front deposits, oxidized waters carried uranium to reductants (organic matter and pyrite derived from sulfate reduction by organic matter). After these reductants were oxidized at any point in the host sandstone, uranium minerals were reoxidized and transported further down the flow path to react with additional reductants. In this manner, the uranium ore migrated through the sandstone at a rate slower than the mineralizing ground water. In the case of tabular uranium deposits, the recharge of surface water into the ground water during flooding of lakes carried soluble humic material to the water table or to an interface where humate precipitated in tabular layers. These humate layers then established the chemical conditions for mineralization and related alterations. In the case of Precambrian unconformity-related deposits, free thermal convection in the thick sandstones overlying the basement rocks carried uranium to concentrations of organic matter in the basement rocks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-1368(95)00015-1","usgsCitation":"Spirakis, C.S., 1996, The roles of organic matter in the formation of uranium deposits in sedimentary rocks: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 11, no. 1-3, p. 53-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-1368(95)00015-1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"69","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226354,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bafa8e4b08c986b324960","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spirakis, Charles S.","contributorId":97111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spirakis","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70246756,"text":"70246756 - 1996 - Magma transport and metasomatism in the mantle; a critical review of current geochemical models; reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-18T16:35:18.855891","indexId":"70246756","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T11:32:35","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magma transport and metasomatism in the mantle; a critical review of current geochemical models; reply","docAbstract":"<p>Navon et al. (1996) demonstrated that the Navon and Stolper (1987) model can be formulated to reproduce a pattern of light-ion lithophile trace element (LIL) enrichments produced by a single, small-scale metasomatic process recorded in a composite xenolith from Dish Hill, California (Nielson et al. 1993). The Navon and Stolper model has failed repeatedly to reproduce the shape and lateral positions of LIL enrichment patterns for samples from peridotite massifs, which are of appropriate scale to test the assumption that LIL fractionation takes place in percolating melts over distances&gt;100 m. The model results also produce unreasonably long times for solidification of thin dikes, which imply untenable thermal conditions for lithospheric mantle.</p><p>Using parameters drawn from sample compositions, Nielson et al. (1993) demonstrated, and the calculations of Navon et al. (1996) have shown again, that fractionated trace element patterns of a melt are imprinted upon relatively refractory peridotite matrix in zones closest to a melt source. The observed process sequentially extracts LIL into matrix, analogous to the ion-exchange chromatography of water-purification columns. We have never contended that this process is mathematically distinct from the percolation model of Navon and Stolper (1987), which assumes concentration ofLIL elements in melt. The choice of parameters defines the result, and one would notice a major difference in the taste of water from an ion-exchange column that traps target ions in matrix compared with one that concentrates those ions in the liquid.</p><p>The difference between the models is in the selection of parameters and values: The model ofNavon and Stolper (1987) assumes the reaction mechanism, uses theoretical melt compositions, and contains as many as nine unmeasurable parameters. We used the simplified model calculation to avoid reliance on theoretical parameters and to test our assumptions about the process. When the compositions of actual samples are taken as end-members of mantle reactions, the successful results imply that a fractionation-bypercolation process is not applicable to lithospheric mantle. Repetition of the observed small-scale reaction in refractory peridotite must extend the zone of reactions and relative enrichment, centimeter by centimeter, as long as melt aliquots percolate beyond peridotite matrix that had previously reacted to equilibrium with the melt composition. This process satisfactorily explains the wide variations ofLIL fractionation patterns over short distances that characterize mantle rocks in xenoliths and massifs, all of which contain complex systems of mafic intrusions with varied LIL fractionation patterns.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/am-1996-5-623","usgsCitation":"Nielson, J.E., and Wilshire, H.G., 1996, Magma transport and metasomatism in the mantle; a critical review of current geochemical models; reply: American Mineralogist, v. 81, no. 5-6, p. 760-765, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-1996-5-623.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"760","endPage":"765","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielson, Jane E.","contributorId":9701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielson","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilshire, Howard G.","contributorId":68346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilshire","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019000,"text":"70019000 - 1996 - Patterns of late Cenozoic volcanic and tectonic activity in the West Antarctic rift system revealed by aeromagnetic surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-09T15:07:34.770002","indexId":"70019000","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of late Cenozoic volcanic and tectonic activity in the West Antarctic rift system revealed by aeromagnetic surveys","docAbstract":"<p><span>Aeromagnetic surveys, spaced ≤5 km, over widely separated areas of the largely ice- and sea-covered West Antarctic rift system, reveal similar patterns of 100- to 1700-nT, shallow-source magnetic anomalies interpreted as evidence of extensive late Cenozoic volcanism. We use the aeromagnetic data to extend the volcanic rift interpretation over West Antarctica starting with anomalies over (1) exposures of highly magnetic, late Cenozoic volcanic rocks several kilometers thick in the McMurdo-Ross Island area and elsewhere; continuing through (2) volcanoes and subvolcanic intrusions directly beneath the Ross Sea continental shelf defined by marine magnetic and seismic reflection data and aeromagnetic data and (3) volcanic structures interpreted beneath the Ross Ice Shelf partly controlled by seismic reflection determinations of seafloor depth to (4) an area of similar magnetic pattern over the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (400 km from the nearest exposed volcanic rock), where interpretations of late Cenozoic volcanic rocks at the base of the ice are controlled in part by radar ice sounding. North trending magnetic rift fabric in the Ross Sea-Ross Ice Shelf and Corridor Aerogeophysics of the Southeast Ross Transect Zone (CASERTZ) areas, revealed by the aeromagnetic surveys, is probably a reactivation of older rift trends (late Mesozoic?) and is superimposed on still older crosscutting structural trends revealed by magnetic terrace maps calculated from horizontal gradient of pseudogravity. Long-wavelength (∼ 100-km wide) magnetic terraces from sources within the subvolcanic basement cross the detailed survey areas. One of these extends across the Ross Sea survey from the front of the Transantarctic Mountains with an east-southeast trend crossing the north trending rift fabric. The Ross Sea-Ross Ice Shelf survey area is characterized by highly magnetic northern and southern zones which are separated by magnetically defined faults from a more moderately magnetic central zone. Aeromagnetic data in the south delineate the Ross fault of unknown age. The extension of the southern Central Basin south of the Ross fault is associated with an 825-nT magnetic anomaly over the Ross Ice Shelf requiring inferred late Cenozoic volcanic rock essentially at the seafloor at its south end, as shown by magnetic models. Models show that the thickness of magnetic volcanic rocks beneath Hut Point Peninsula at McMurdo Station is probably &lt;2 km. The detailed surveys, combined with data from &gt; 100,000 km of widely spaced aeromagnetic profiles, led to the interpretation of the mostly subglacial West Antarctic flood basalts(?) or their subglacially erupted and intruded equivalent. The volume of the exposed volcanos is small in contrast to the much greater volume (&gt; 10</span><sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;km³) of late Cenozoic magmatic rock remaining at volcanic centers beneath the continental shelf, Ross Ice Shelf and West Antarctic Ice Sheet. We suggest as an alternative or supplemental explanation to the previously proposed mantle plume hypothesis for the late Cenozoic volcanism significantly greater lower lithosphere (mantle) stretching resulting in greater decompression melting than the limited Cenozoic crustal extension allows. However, this implies a space problem that is not obviously resolved, because the Antarctic Plate is essentially surrounded by spreading centers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95TC03500","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., Saltus, R., Damaske, D., McCafferty, A., Finn, C., Blankenship, D., and Bell, R., 1996, Patterns of late Cenozoic volcanic and tectonic activity in the West Antarctic rift system revealed by aeromagnetic surveys: Tectonics, v. 15, no. 3, p. 660-676, https://doi.org/10.1029/95TC03500.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"660","endPage":"676","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226269,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"West Antarctic","volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75d9e4b0c8380cd77d9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":381350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saltus, R.","contributorId":107040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Damaske, D.","contributorId":66771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damaske","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCafferty, A.","contributorId":83285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCafferty","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Finn, C. A. 0000-0002-6178-0405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":93917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blankenship, D.","contributorId":108260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blankenship","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bell, R.E.","contributorId":70010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":2230,"text":"wsp2436 - 1996 - Hydrogeology and potential effects of changes in water use, Carson Desert agricultural area, Churchill County, Nevada","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20010,"text":"ofr93463 - 1994 - Hydrogeology and potential effects of changes in water use, Carson Desert agricultural area, Churchill County, Nevada","indexId":"ofr93463","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeology and potential effects of changes in water use, Carson Desert agricultural area, Churchill County, Nevada"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2230,"text":"wsp2436 - 1996 - Hydrogeology and potential effects of changes in water use, Carson Desert agricultural area, Churchill County, Nevada","indexId":"wsp2436","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeology and potential effects of changes in water use, Carson Desert agricultural area, Churchill County, Nevada"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-18T11:22:09.362611","indexId":"wsp2436","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2436","title":"Hydrogeology and potential effects of changes in water use, Carson Desert agricultural area, Churchill County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Operating Criteria and Procedures for Newlands Project irrigation and Public Law 101-618 could result in reductions in surface water used for agriculture in the Carson Desert, potentially affecting ground-water supplies from shallow, intermediate, and basalt aquifers. A near-surface zone could exist at the top of the shallow aquifer near the center and eastern parts of the basin where underlying clay beds inhibit vertical flow and could limit the effects of changes in water use. In the basalt aquifer, water levels have declined about 10 feet from pre-pumping levels, and chloride and arsenic concentrations have increased. Conceptual models of the basin suggest that changes in water use in the western part of the basin would probably affect recharge to the shallow, intermediate, and basalt aquifers. Lining canals and removing land from production could cause water-level declines greater than 10 feet in the shallow aquifer up to 2 miles from lined canals. Removing land from production could cause water levels to decline from 4 to 17 feet, depending on the distribution of specific yield in the basin and the amount of water presently applied to irrigated fields. Where wells pump from a near-surface zone of the shallow aquifer, water level declines might not greatly affect pumping wells where the thickness of the zone is greatest, but could cause wells to go dry where the zone is thin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp2436","usgsCitation":"Maurer, D.K., Johnson, A.K., and Welch, A., 1996, Hydrogeology and potential effects of changes in water use, Carson Desert agricultural area, Churchill County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2436, vi, 106 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2436.","productDescription":"vi, 106 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2436/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27984,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2436/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247192,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2436/plate-1.pdf","size":"5076","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247193,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2436/plate-2.pdf","size":"1370","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247194,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2436/plate-3.pdf","size":"5092","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db625225","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, Douglas K. dkmaurer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"Douglas","email":"dkmaurer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":144857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Ann K.","contributorId":12457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Welch, Alan H.","contributorId":45286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Alan H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1904,"text":"wsp2420 - 1996 - Procedures for estimating unit hydrographs for large floods at ungaged sites in Montana","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19429,"text":"ofr93168 - 1993 - Estimation of unit hydrographs for large floods at ungaged sites in Montana","indexId":"ofr93168","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Estimation of unit hydrographs for large floods at ungaged sites in Montana"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1904,"text":"wsp2420 - 1996 - Procedures for estimating unit hydrographs for large floods at ungaged sites in Montana","indexId":"wsp2420","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Procedures for estimating unit hydrographs for large floods at ungaged sites in Montana"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T21:10:23.175771","indexId":"wsp2420","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2420","title":"Procedures for estimating unit hydrographs for large floods at ungaged sites in Montana","docAbstract":"Flood hydrographs for 26 gaging stations and rainfall data were used together with a rainfall-runoff simulation model to derive unit hydrographs and important unit-hydrograph variables. 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,{"id":70207656,"text":"70207656 - 1996 - Ecosystem management: A decision support GIS approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-02T15:50:56","indexId":"70207656","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-31T15:46:08","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ecosystem management: A decision support GIS approach","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper describes a new approach using decision support GIS for handling information in ecosystem management. Technical research efforts resulted in specialized spatial decision support systems for wetland restoration planning, wetland permit analysis, and wildlife research and management. These applications are briefly presented to illustrate the usage of the methodology. With its powerful capabilities in information synthesis, analytical visualization, and spatial simulation and modeling, the decision support GIS provided cost-effective technical tools and a conceptual framework for integrating natural resource management with an ecosystem approach.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","conferenceDate":"May 31, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Lincoln, NE","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516943","usgsCitation":"Ji, W., 1996, Ecosystem management: A decision support GIS approach, <i>in</i> IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Lincoln, NE, May 31, 1996, p. 2225-2227, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516943.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"2225","endPage":"2227","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370949,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ji, Wei","contributorId":218024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ji","given":"Wei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70202452,"text":"70202452 - 1996 - Development of the temporal transportation database for the analysis of urban development in the Baltimore-Washington region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T15:09:30","indexId":"70202452","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T09:42:35","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of the temporal transportation database for the analysis of urban development in the Baltimore-Washington region","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey is participating in a joint effort with the University of Maryland Baltimore County and other government agencies to construct a dynamic database of urban development for the Baltimore-Washington region from the late-1700's to the 1990's. The multi-theme temporal database includes a principal transportation data layer that documents the primary roads, railroads, and other transportation features that provided the infrastructure for urban development. A geographic information system was used to collect from various maps at various scales. Compilation criteria, such as connectivity, mobility, lineage, and alignment, were developed to accommodate limitations in the source materials. Visualization techniques such as animation and flight simulation are used to portray the changing transportation infrastructure and its effect on urbanization. The database will be used to study the evolution of the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area. The principal transportation data layer is essential to illustrate and analyze the regional and temporal aspects of human-induced land transformations. Modeling applications will explore the urban growth process and its correlation to key transportation development.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"ASPRS/ACSM Annual Convention and Exhibition, Baltimore, Md., 20–26 April 1996, Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"ASPRS/ACSM Annual Convention and Exhibition","conferenceDate":"April 20-26, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, Maryland","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, Virginia","usgsCitation":"Clark, S.C., Starr, J., Foresman, T.W., Acevedo, W., and Solomon, C., 1996, Development of the temporal transportation database for the analysis of urban development in the Baltimore-Washington region, <i>in</i> ASPRS/ACSM Annual Convention and Exhibition, Baltimore, Md., 20–26 April 1996, Proceedings, Baltimore, Maryland, April 20-26, 1996.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":361664,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/landcover.usgs.gov/urban/umap/pubs/asprs_sc.php.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Baltimore-Washington Region","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Susan C.","contributorId":213899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Starr, John","contributorId":213900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Starr","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foresman, Timothy W.","contributorId":213897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foresman","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Acevedo, William wacevedo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acevedo","given":"William","email":"wacevedo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Solomon, Carol","contributorId":213901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"Carol","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":758647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70202451,"text":"70202451 - 1996 - Origins and philosophy of building a temporal database to examine human transformation processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T15:10:11","indexId":"70202451","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T09:27:13","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Origins and philosophy of building a temporal database to examine human transformation processes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in partnership with the University of Maryland Baltimore County, is using historical maps and satellite images to map human-induced land transformations for the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area. This work builds on an earlier effort that documented the historical urban development for the San Francisco Bay area. That effort used a geographic information system to compile a database that provided a visual and historical perspective of the urban growth experienced in the Bay area between 1850 and 1990. Historical overviews of urban development can be used to provide insights into the future. The Bay area work was inspired by the desire to draw upon the USGS's rich 100-year topographic map, and 20-year Landsat satellite data archives. A methodology was developed to combine the information from a variety of sources into an integrated, multi-scale, and multi-resolution dataset. Temporal urban mapping is used to examine past landscapes by incorporating historic maps, census statistics, and commerce records to generate a progressive geo-referenced representation of the past changes in the region. Contemporary analysis focuses on the use of remotely sensed data, existing digital land use data, digital census information, and a variety of Earth science infrastructure data, such as Digital Line Graphs, Digital Elevation Models, and key ancillary demographic information. The resulting database of temporal urban demographic changes provides an ideal source of test data and information for both urban geographers and global change research scientists.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annual Convention and Exhibition, Baltimore, Md., 22–25 April 1996, Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Annual Convention and Exhibition","conferenceDate":"April 22-25, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, Maryland","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, Maryland","usgsCitation":"Acevedo, W., Foresman, T.W., and Buchanan, J., 1996, Origins and philosophy of building a temporal database to examine human transformation processes, <i>in</i> Annual Convention and Exhibition, Baltimore, Md., 22–25 April 1996, Proceedings, Baltimore, Maryland, April 22-25, 1996.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361662,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/landcover.usgs.gov/urban/umap/pubs/asprs_wma.php.html"},{"id":361663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.64862060546875,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74362182617188,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74362182617188,\n              38.238180119798635\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.64862060546875,\n              38.238180119798635\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.64862060546875,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Acevedo, William wacevedo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acevedo","given":"William","email":"wacevedo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foresman, Timothy W.","contributorId":213897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foresman","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buchanan, Janis T.","contributorId":213898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buchanan","given":"Janis T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70246980,"text":"70246980 - 1996 - Uncertainty of groundwater vulnerability assessments for agricultural regions in Hawaii: Review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-20T14:23:00.157461","indexId":"70246980","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T09:15:11","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty of groundwater vulnerability assessments for agricultural regions in Hawaii: Review","docAbstract":"<p><span>There are important challenges associated with assessing potential groundwater vulnerability hazards that may result from regional scale applications of agrochemicals. The increasing availability of Geographic Information System (GIS) software to those involved in assisting with landuse decisions has resulted in the widespread production of multicolored risk management maps for many environmentally sensitive issues. Soil-based GIS's have recently been coupled to various solute-leaching models to make near-surface groundwater vulnerability assessments for guidance in pesticide regulation in several states. In general, these assessments rest on soil, climatic, and chemical data that are extremely sparse and contain considerable uncertainty. It is also important to acknowledge the uncertainty associated with the transport/fate processes that are not accounted for by the modeling approach used to make the assessment. In this paper, we review the results from a series of papers that have focused on characterization of uncertainty in pesticide mobility estimates, using the attenuation and retardation indices (AF and RF), for the Pearl Harbor Basin on the Hawaiian island of Oahu. Relative to data error uncertainties, we discuss the impacts of: (i) soil, climatic, and chemical data base uncertainties, (ii) reductions in data base uncertainties, (iii) extrapolation of soil data base information based on soil taxonomy and soil survey, and (iv) importing information from outside the region of interest. Relative to model error uncertainties, we compare pesticide leaching estimates from the simple AF and RF mobility indices with simulations from the EPA's Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM) and field observations. Finally, we outline a Regional Integrated Risk Assessment approach for characterizing regional scale groundwater vulnerability for near-surface nonpoint sources.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500030013x","usgsCitation":"Loague, K., Bernknopf, R., Green, R.E., and Giambelluca, T., 1996, Uncertainty of groundwater vulnerability assessments for agricultural regions in Hawaii: Review: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 25, p. 475-490, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500030013x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"490","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419185,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Oahu","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -158.17001943695823,\n              21.455619564327932\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.17001943695823,\n              21.299771904317055\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.87349649295143,\n              21.299771904317055\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.87349649295143,\n              21.455619564327932\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.17001943695823,\n              21.455619564327932\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loague, Keith","contributorId":178119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loague","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernknopf, R. L.","contributorId":46082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, R. E.","contributorId":316828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Green","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giambelluca, T. W.","contributorId":90115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giambelluca","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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