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A post-hurricane survey of a Caribbean island affords comparisons with geologic evidence for greater overwash at the same place. This comparison, though of limited application to other places, helps calibrate coastal geology for assessment of earthquake and tsunami potential along the Antilles Subduction Zone. 

The surveyed island, Anegada, is 120 km south of the Puerto Rico Trench and is near the paths of hurricanes Donna (1960) and Earl (2010), which were at or near category 4 when at closest approach. The survey focused on Earl's geologic effects, related them to the surge from Hurricane Donna, and compared them further with erosional and depositional signs of southward overwash from the Atlantic Ocean that dates to 1200–1450 AD and to 1650–1800 AD. The main finding is that the geologic effects of these earlier events dwarf those of the recent hurricanes. 

Hurricane Earl's geologic effects at Anegada, observed mainly in 2011, were limited to wrack deposition along many of the island's shores and salt ponds, accretion of small washover (spillover) fans on the south shore, and the suspension and deposition of microbial material from interior salt ponds. Earl's most widespread deposit at Anegada, the microbial detritus, was abundantly juxtaposed with evidence for catastrophic overwash in prior centuries. The microbial detritus formed an extensive coating up to 2 cm thick that extended into breaches in beach-ridge plains of the island's north shore, onto playas that are underlain by a sand-and-shell sheet that extends as much as 1.5 km southward from the north shore, and among southward-strewn limestone boulders pendant to outcrops as much as 1 km inland. Earl's spillover fans also contrast with a sand-and-shell sheet, which was dated previously to 1650–1800, by being limited to the island's south shore and by extending inland a few tens of meters at most. 

These findings complement those reported in this issue by Michaela Spiske and Robert Halley (Spiske and Halley, 2014), who studied a coral-rubble ridge that lines part of Anegada's north shore. Spiske and Halley attribute the ridge to storms that were larger than Earl. But they contrast the ridge with coral boulders that were scattered hundreds of meters inland by overwash in 1200–1450.

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utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":706201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tuttle, Martitia P.","contributorId":139388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tuttle","given":"Martitia","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12760,"text":"Tuttle and Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":706202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70190231,"text":"70190231 - 2014 - Movements and demography of spawning American Shad in the Penobscot River, Maine, prior to dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-18T17:22:45","indexId":"70190231","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movements and demography of spawning American Shad in the Penobscot River, Maine, prior to dam removal","docAbstract":"

We conducted a baseline study to better understand the migratory movements and age and spawning histories of American Shad Alosa sapidissima in the Penobscot River, Maine. The Penobscot River is currently undergoing a major dam removal project that is focused on restoring migratory connectivity and recovering diadromous fish populations including American Shad. This study addresses key data gaps for a previously unstudied native population of shad prior to restoration. A combination of radio- (n = 70) and acoustic telemetry (n = 14) was used to investigate the movements of migratory adult fish in 2010 and 2011. Scale-based analyses were used to assess spawner age and iteroparity. Radiotelemetry results indicated that few tagged fish (5–8%) approached the head-of-tide dam. Tagged fish exhibited three general patterns of movement in the accessible freshwater river habitat: use of the upper river reach, the lower river reach, or both. Mean freshwater residence time ranged from 9.1 to 14.0 d. Congregating fish were observed at two sites in the upper river reach and spawning activity was observed. Freshwater survival and survival to the estuary were at least 71%. This observed high survival was consistent with the estimated age and spawning histories of tracked fish, which indicated that 75–95% of the sampled fish were repeat spawners. Estimated age of adult migrants ranged from age 4 to age 9. Postspawning acoustic-tagged American Shad exhibited a series of prolonged upstream and downstream reversals upon entering the lower estuary. These movements have been previously unreported, and suggest that estuarine residency after spawning is important to osmoregulatory acclimatization for re-entry into salt water and the resumption of postspawning feeding activity.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2013.864705","usgsCitation":"Grote, A.B., Bailey, M.M., and Zydlewski, J.D., 2014, Movements and demography of spawning American Shad in the Penobscot River, Maine, prior to dam removal: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 143, no. 2, p. 552-563, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2013.864705.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"552","endPage":"563","ipdsId":"IP-046151","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"143","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5997fc9ee4b0b589267cd21c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grote, Ann B.","contributorId":169715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grote","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, Michael M.","contributorId":169684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bailey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25572,"text":"University of Maine, Orono","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":708038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188040,"text":"70188040 - 2014 - Mapping forest height in Alaska using GLAS, Landsat composites, and airborne LiDAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:11:15","indexId":"70188040","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping forest height in Alaska using GLAS, Landsat composites, and airborne LiDAR","docAbstract":"

Vegetation structure, including forest canopy height, is an important input variable to fire behavior modeling systems for simulating wildfire behavior. As such, forest canopy height is one of a nationwide suite of products generated by the LANDFIRE program. In the past, LANDFIRE has relied on a combination of field observations and Landsat imagery to develop existing vegetation structure products. The paucity of field data in the remote Alaskan forests has led to a very simple forest canopy height classification for the original LANDFIRE forest height map. To better meet the needs of data users and refine the map legend, LANDFIRE incorporated ICESat Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) data into the updating process when developing the LANDFIRE 2010 product. The high latitude of this region enabled dense coverage of discrete GLAS samples, from which forest height was calculated. Different methods for deriving height from the GLAS waveform data were applied, including an attempt to correct for slope. These methods were then evaluated and integrated into the final map according to predefined criteria. The resulting map of forest canopy height includes more height classes than the original map, thereby better depicting the heterogeneity of the landscape, and provides seamless data for fire behavior analysts and other users of LANDFIRE data.

","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs61212409","usgsCitation":"Peterson, B., and Nelson, K., 2014, Mapping forest height in Alaska using GLAS, Landsat composites, and airborne LiDAR: Remote Sensing, v. 6, no. 125, p. 12409-12426, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61212409.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"12409","endPage":"12426","ipdsId":"IP-057857","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61212409","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"6","issue":"125","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84c3e4b092b266f10d7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Birgit 0000-0002-4356-1540 bpeterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4356-1540","contributorId":192353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Birgit","email":"bpeterson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Kurtis 0000-0003-4911-4511 knelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4911-4511","contributorId":3602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Kurtis","email":"knelson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189605,"text":"70189605 - 2014 - High-frequency imaging of elastic contrast and contact area with implications for naturally observed changes in fault properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T10:06:23","indexId":"70189605","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-frequency imaging of elastic contrast and contact area with implications for naturally observed changes in fault properties","docAbstract":"

During localized slip of a laboratory fault we simultaneously measure the contact area and the dynamic fault normal elastic stiffness. One objective is to determine conditions where stiffness may be used to infer changes in area of contact during sliding on nontransparent fault surfaces. Slip speeds between 0.01 and 10 µm/s and normal stresses between 1 and 2.5 MPa were imposed during velocity step, normal stress step, and slide-hold-slide tests. Stiffness and contact area have a linear interdependence during rate stepping tests and during the hold portion of slide-hold-slide tests. So long as linearity holds, measured fault stiffness can be used on nontransparent materials to infer changes in contact area. However, there are conditions where relations between contact area and stiffness are nonlinear and nonunique. A second objective is to make comparisons between the laboratory- and field-measured changes in fault properties. Time-dependent changes in fault zone normal stiffness made in stress relaxation tests imply postseismic wave speed changes on the order of 0.3% to 0.8% per year in the two or more years following an earthquake; these are smaller than postseismic increases seen within natural damage zones. Based on scaling of the experimental observations, natural postseismic fault normal contraction could be accommodated within a few decimeter wide fault core. Changes in the stiffness of laboratory shear zones exceed 10% per decade and might be detectable in the field postseismically.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011014","usgsCitation":"Nagata, K., Kilgore, B.D., Beeler, N.M., and Nakatani, M., 2014, High-frequency imaging of elastic contrast and contact area with implications for naturally observed changes in fault properties: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 119, no. 7, p. 5855-5875, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011014.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"5855","endPage":"5875","ipdsId":"IP-057613","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fbce4b0d1f9f065a8f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagata, Kohei","contributorId":194792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nagata","given":"Kohei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kilgore, Brian D. 0000-0003-0530-7979 bkilgore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7979","contributorId":3887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilgore","given":"Brian","email":"bkilgore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beeler, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-3397-8481 nbeeler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":2682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"Nicholas","email":"nbeeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nakatani, Masao","contributorId":194793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nakatani","given":"Masao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188503,"text":"70188503 - 2014 - Interagency partnership to assess and restore a degraded urban riverine wetland: Dyke Marsh Wildlife Preserve, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T09:44:59","indexId":"70188503","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3561,"text":"The George Wright Forum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interagency partnership to assess and restore a degraded urban riverine wetland: Dyke Marsh Wildlife Preserve, Virginia","docAbstract":"

The narrow-leaved cattail wetland known as Dyke Marsh formally became a land holding of George Washington Memorial Parkway (GWMP, a unit of the national park system) in 1959, along with a congressional directive to honor a newly-let 30-year commercial sand and gravel dredge-mining lease at the site. Dredging continued until 1974 when Public Law 93-251 called for the National Park Service and the United States Army Corps of Engineers to “implement restoration of the historical and ecological values of Dyke Marsh.” By that time, about 83 acres of the marsh remained, and no congressional funding accompanied the passage of the law to effect any immediate conservation or restoration. Decades of dredge mining had severely altered the surface area of Dyke Marsh, the extent of its tidal creek system, and the shallow river bottom of the Potomac River abutting the marsh. Further, mining destabilized the marsh, causing persistent erosion, shoreline retreat, and tidal channel widening after mining ceased. Erosion has continued unchecked until the present; approximately 50 acres of the original marsh are now estimated to remain. The specific cause of persistent erosion had been unknown prior to this collaborative study but previously was assumed to be due to flooding by the Potomac River.

","language":"English","publisher":"George Wright Society","usgsCitation":"Steury, B.W., Litwin, R.J., Oberg, E.T., Smoot, J.P., Pavich, M.J., Sanders, G., and Santucci, V.L., 2014, Interagency partnership to assess and restore a degraded urban riverine wetland: Dyke Marsh Wildlife Preserve, Virginia: The George Wright Forum, v. 31, no. 2, p. 116-128.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"128","ipdsId":"IP-056031","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342510,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Dyke Marsh","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.1075439453125,\n 38.731054199763825\n ],\n [\n -77.03887939453125,\n 38.731054199763825\n ],\n [\n -77.03887939453125,\n 38.79476766282312\n ],\n [\n -77.1075439453125,\n 38.79476766282312\n ],\n [\n -77.1075439453125,\n 38.731054199763825\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3be4b0764e6c65dc5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steury, Brent W.","contributorId":192883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steury","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Litwin, Ronald J. 0000-0002-8661-1296 rlitwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8661-1296","contributorId":2478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litwin","given":"Ronald","email":"rlitwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oberg, Erik T.","contributorId":192884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oberg","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smoot, Joseph P. 0000-0002-5064-8070 jpsmoot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5064-8070","contributorId":2742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"Joseph","email":"jpsmoot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pavich, Milan J. mpavich@usgs.gov","contributorId":2348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"Milan","email":"mpavich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sanders, Geoffrey","contributorId":192885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanders","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Santucci, Vincent L.","contributorId":192886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santucci","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70114038,"text":"sim3305 - 2014 - Simulated and measured water levels and estimated water-level changes in the Albuquerque area, central New Mexico, 1950-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-30T18:27:27.355104","indexId":"sim3305","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-16T16:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3305","title":"Simulated and measured water levels and estimated water-level changes in the Albuquerque area, central New Mexico, 1950-2012","docAbstract":"

The City of Albuquerque, the major population center in New Mexico, underwent a more than fivefold population increase between 1950 and 2010. Before 2009, groundwater was the primary source of the City of Albuquerque’s municipal water supply, but since that time, the city has diverted water through the San Juan-Chama Drinking Water Project to augment municipal water supplies. Consequently, there is interest in understanding how groundwater levels changed in response to groundwater pumping, surface-water diversions, and conservation measures. To give a more detailed history of water-level changes from 1950 through 2012, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority, created maps showing water-level contours and changes by contouring water-table elevations and production-zone hydraulic heads that were simulated with a recently updated regional-scale transient groundwater-flow model at 10-year intervals from 1950 to 2000 and again for 2008.

Both the water-table elevations and production-zone hydraulic heads declined over time with the largest change occurring between 1970 and 1980, which was a period of rapid population growth and groundwater use. Declines in the water-table elevations and production-zone hydraulic heads are focused around major pumping centers and are largest in the production zone. Hydrographs from nine production-zone piezometers in the modeled area indicated varying responses to the increased use of surface-water diversions during 2009–12, with responses related to the locations of the wells within the study area and their proximity to pumping centers and the Rio Grande.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3305","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority","usgsCitation":"Rice, S.E., Oelsner, G.P., and Heywood, C.E., 2014, Simulated and measured water levels and estimated water-level changes in the Albuquerque area, central New Mexico, 1950-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3305, 44.00 x 57.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3305.","productDescription":"44.00 x 57.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054079","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290329,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3305/pdf/sim3305.pdf"},{"id":290323,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3305/"},{"id":290330,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3305.jpg"}],"scale":"50000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983 and North American Vertical Datum of 1988","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Albuquerque","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.75,34.75 ], [ -106.75,35.25 ], [ -106.50,35.25 ], [ -106.50,34.75 ], [ -106.75,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c790d3e4b019484164240d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Steven E. srice@usgs.gov","contributorId":5438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Steven","email":"srice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oelsner, Gretchen P. 0000-0001-9329-7357 goelsner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9329-7357","contributorId":4440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oelsner","given":"Gretchen","email":"goelsner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heywood, Charles E. cheywood@usgs.gov","contributorId":2043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heywood","given":"Charles","email":"cheywood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70112698,"text":"sim3301 - 2014 - Estimated 2012 groundwater potentiometric surface and drawdown from predevelopment to 2012 in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the Albuquerque metropolitan area, central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-17T08:21:56","indexId":"sim3301","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-16T16:50:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3301","title":"Estimated 2012 groundwater potentiometric surface and drawdown from predevelopment to 2012 in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the Albuquerque metropolitan area, central New Mexico","docAbstract":"

Historically, the water-supply requirements of the Albuquerque metropolitan area of central New Mexico were met almost exclusively by groundwater withdrawal from the Santa Fe Group aquifer system. In response to water-level declines, the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority (ABCWUA) began diverting water from the San Juan-Chama Drinking Water Project in December 2008 to reduce the use of groundwater to meet municipal demand. Modifications in the demand for water and the source of the supply of water for the Albuquerque metropolitan area have resulted in a variable response in the potentiometric surface of the production zone (the interval of the aquifer, from within about 200 feet below the water table to 900 feet or more, in which supply wells generally are screened) of the Santa Fe Group aquifer system. Analysis of the magnitude and spatial distribution of water-level change can help improve the understanding of how the groundwater system responds to withdrawals and variations in the management of the water supply and can support water-management agencies’ efforts to minimize future water-level declines and improve sustainability. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the ABCWUA, has developed an estimate of the 2012 potentiometric surface of the production zone of the Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the Albuquerque metropolitan area. This potentiometric surface is the latest in a series of reports depicting the potentiometric surface of the area.

\n
\n

This report presents the estimated potentiometric surface during winter (from December to March) of water year 2012 and the estimated changes in potentiometric surface between predevelopment (pre-1961) and water year 2012 for the production zone of the Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the Albuquerque metropolitan area. Hydrographs from selected piezometers are included to provide details of historical water-level changes.

\n
\n

In general, water-level measurements used for this report were collected in small-diameter observation wells screened over short intervals near the middle of the production zone and were considered to best represent the potentiometric head in the production zone. The water-level measurements were collected by various local and Federal agencies. The water year 2012 potentiometric surface map was created in a geographic information system, and the change in water-level altitude from predevelopment to water year 2012 was calculated. The 2012 potentiometric surface indicates that the general direction of groundwater flow is from the Rio Grande towards clusters of supply wells in the east, north, and west. Water-level changes from predevelopment to 2012 were variable across the Albuquerque metropolitan area. Estimated drawdown from 2008 was spatially variable across the Albuquerque metropolitan area. Hydrographs from piezometers on the east side of the river indicate an increase in the annual highest water-level measurement from 2008 to 2012. Hydrographs from piezometers in the northwest part of the study area indicate either steady decline of the water-level altitude over the period of record or recently variable trends in which water-level altitudes increased for a number of years but have declined since water year 2012.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3301","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority","usgsCitation":"Powell, R.I., and McKean, S., 2014, Estimated 2012 groundwater potentiometric surface and drawdown from predevelopment to 2012 in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the Albuquerque metropolitan area, central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3301, Map: 42.02 x 27.60 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3301.","productDescription":"Map: 42.02 x 27.60 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050935","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290328,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3301.jpg"},{"id":290326,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3301/pdf/sim3301.pdf"},{"id":290327,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3301/downloads/"},{"id":290324,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3301/"}],"scale":"50000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 13N projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983 and North American Vertical Datum of 1988","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Albuquerque","otherGeospatial":"Santa Fe Group Aquifer System","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.00,34.75 ], [ -107.00,35.75 ], [ -106.50,35.75 ], [ -106.50,34.75 ], [ -107.00,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c790d2e4b019484164240b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, Rachel I. ripowell@usgs.gov","contributorId":5502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Rachel","email":"ripowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":494843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKean, Sarah E.","contributorId":71894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKean","given":"Sarah E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70169080,"text":"70169080 - 2014 - Estimating landscape resistance to dispersal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-10T09:50:31","indexId":"70169080","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-16T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating landscape resistance to dispersal","docAbstract":"

Dispersal is an inherently spatial process that can be affected by habitat conditions in sites encountered by dispersers. Understanding landscape resistance to dispersal is important in connectivity studies and reserve design, but most existing methods use resistance functions with cost parameters that are subjectively chosen by the investigator. We develop an analytic approach allowing for direct estimation of resistance parameters that folds least cost path methods typically used in simulation approaches into a formal statistical model of dispersal distributions. The core of our model is a frequency distribution of dispersal distances expressed as least cost distance rather than Euclidean distance, and which includes terms for feature-specific costs to dispersal and sex (or other traits) of the disperser. The model requires only origin and settlement locations for multiple individuals, such as might be obtained from mark–recapture studies or parentage analyses, and maps of the relevant habitat features. To evaluate whether the model can estimate parameters correctly, we fit our model to data from simulated dispersers in three kinds of landscapes (in which resistance of environmental variables was categorical, continuous with a patchy configuration, or continuous in a trend pattern). We found maximum likelihood estimators of resistance and individual trait parameters to be approximately unbiased with moderate sample sizes. We applied the model to a small grizzly bear dataset to demonstrate how this approach could be used when the primary interest is in the prediction of costs and found that estimates were consistent with expectations based on bear ecology. Our method has important practical applications for testing hypotheses about dispersal ecology and can be used to inform connectivity planning efforts, via the resistance estimates and confidence intervals, which can be used to create a data-driven resistance surface.

\n

 

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-014-0056-5","usgsCitation":"Graves, T.A., Chandler, R.B., Royle, J., Beier, P., and Kendall, K.C., 2014, Estimating landscape resistance to dispersal: Landscape Ecology, v. 29, no. 7, p. 1201-1211, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-014-0056-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1201","endPage":"1211","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057965","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ea83aee4b0f59b85d90cf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graves, Tabitha A. 0000-0001-5145-2400 tgraves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5145-2400","contributorId":5898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Tabitha","email":"tgraves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chandler, Richard B. rchandler@usgs.gov","contributorId":63524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"Richard","email":"rchandler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. 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This is true of the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake (estimated M7.7–7.9) on the southern San Andreas Fault (SSAF), but an outstanding question is whether the 330 km long rupture was typical. New paleoseismic data for six to seven ground-rupturing earthquakes on the Big Bend of the SSAF restrict the pattern of possible ruptures on the 1857 stretch of the fault. In conjunction with existing sites, we show that over the last ~650 years, at least 75% of the surface ruptures are shorter than the 1857 earthquake, with estimated rupture lengths of 100 to <300 km. 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Fyke netting captured 52 species and an abundance of fish in the Lake Erie–connected wetlands, but fewer than half of those species and much lower numbers and total masses of fish were captured in diked wetland units. Although all wetland units were immediately adjacent to Lake Erie, there were also pronounced differences in water quality and wetland vegetation between the hydrologically isolated and lake-connected wetlands. Large seasonal variations in fish assemblage composition and biomass were observed in connected wetland units but not in disconnected units. Reestablishment of hydrologic connectivity in diked wetland units would allow coastal Lake Erie fish to use these vegetated habitats seasonally, although connectivity does appear to pose some risks, such as the expansion of invasive plants and localized reductions in water quality. 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70188874,"text":"70188874 - 2014 - A mechanistic modeling and data assimilation framework for Mojave Desert ecohydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T10:04:30","indexId":"70188874","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mechanistic modeling and data assimilation framework for Mojave Desert ecohydrology","docAbstract":"

This study demonstrates and addresses challenges in coupled ecohydrological modeling in deserts, which arise due to unique plant adaptations, marginal growing conditions, slow net primary production rates, and highly variable rainfall. We consider model uncertainty from both structural and parameter errors and present a mechanistic model for the shrub Larrea tridentata (creosote bush) under conditions found in the Mojave National Preserve in southeastern California (USA). Desert-specific plant and soil features are incorporated into the CLM-CN model by Oleson et al. (2010). We then develop a data assimilation framework using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to estimate model parameters based on soil moisture and leaf-area index observations. A new implementation procedure, the “multisite loop EnKF,” tackles parameter estimation difficulties found to affect desert ecohydrological applications. Specifically, the procedure iterates through data from various observation sites to alleviate adverse filter impacts from non-Gaussianity in small desert vegetation state values. It also readjusts inconsistent parameters and states through a model spin-up step that accounts for longer dynamical time scales due to infrequent rainfall in deserts. Observation error variance inflation may also be needed to help prevent divergence of estimates from true values. Synthetic test results highlight the importance of adequate observations for reducing model uncertainty, which can be achieved through data quality or quantity.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014WR015281","usgsCitation":"Ng, G.C., Bedford, D., and Miller, D., 2014, A mechanistic modeling and data assimilation framework for Mojave Desert ecohydrology: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 6, p. 4662-4685, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015281.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"4662","endPage":"4685","ipdsId":"IP-055966","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015281","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342944,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.675,\n 35.175\n ],\n [\n -115.516667,\n 35.175\n ],\n [\n -115.516667,\n 34.983333\n ],\n [\n -115.675,\n 34.983333\n ],\n [\n -115.675,\n 35.175\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536eade4b062508e3c7aa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ng, Gene-Hua Crystal gng@usgs.gov","contributorId":5313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ng","given":"Gene-Hua","email":"gng@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Crystal","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedford, David dbedford@usgs.gov","contributorId":140767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedford","given":"David","email":"dbedford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70103633,"text":"70103633 - 2014 - Characterization of the porosity distribution in the upper part of the karst Biscayne aquifer using common offset ground penetrating radar, Everglades National Park, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-24T14:23:02","indexId":"70103633","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of the porosity distribution in the upper part of the karst Biscayne aquifer using common offset ground penetrating radar, Everglades National Park, Florida","docAbstract":"

The karst Biscayne aquifer is characterized by a heterogeneous spatial arrangement of porosity and hydraulic conductivity, making conceptualization difficult. The Biscayne aquifer is the primary source of drinking water for millions of people in south Florida; thus, information concerning the distribution of karst features that concentrate the groundwater flow and affect contaminant transport is critical. The principal purpose of the study was to investigate the ability of two-dimensional ground penetrating radar (GPR) to rapidly characterize porosity variability in the karst Biscayne aquifer in south Florida. An 800-m-long GPR transect of a previously investigated area at the Long Pine Key Nature Trail in Everglades National Park, collected in fast acquisition common offset mode, shows hundreds of diffraction hyperbolae. The distribution of diffraction hyperbolae was used to estimate electromagnetic (EM) wave velocity at each diffraction location and to assess both horizontal and vertical changes in velocity within the transect. A petrophysical model (complex refractive index model or CRIM) was used to estimate total bulk porosity. A set of common midpoint surveys at selected locations distributed along the common-offset transect also were collected for comparison with the common offsets and were used to constrain one-dimensional (1-D) distributions of porosity with depth. Porosity values for the saturated Miami Limestone ranged between 25% and 41% for common offset GPR surveys, and between 23% and 39% for common midpoint GPR surveys. Laboratory measurements of porosity in five whole-core samples from the saturated part of the aquifer in the study area ranged between 7.1% and 41.8%. GPR estimates of porosity were found to be valid only under saturated conditions; other limitations are related to the vertical resolution of the GPR signal and the volume of the material considered by the measurement methodology. Overall, good correspondence between GPR estimates and the direct porosity values from the whole-core samples confirms the ability of GPR common offset surveys to provide rapid characterization of porosity variability in the Biscayne aquifer.

The common offset survey method has several advantages: (1) improved time efficiency in comparison to other GPR acquisition modes such as common midpoints; and (2) enhanced lateral continuity of porosity estimates, particularly when compared to porosity measurements on 1-D samples such as rock cores. The results also support the presence of areas of low EM wave velocity or high porosity under saturated conditions, causing velocity pull-down areas and apparent sag features in the reflection record. This study shows that GPR can be a useful tool for improving understanding of the petrophysical properties of highly heterogeneous systems such as karst aquifers, and thus may assist with the development of more accurate groundwater flow models, such as those used for restoration efforts in the Everglades.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.048","usgsCitation":"Mountain, G.S., Cunningham, K.J., and Comas, X., 2014, Characterization of the porosity distribution in the upper part of the karst Biscayne aquifer using common offset ground penetrating radar, Everglades National Park, Florida: Journal of Hydrology, v. 515, p. 223-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.048.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"236","ipdsId":"IP-044930","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Long Pine Key Nature Trail","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.646389,\n 25.402778\n ],\n [\n -80.638056,\n 25.402778\n ],\n [\n -80.638056,\n 25.398889\n ],\n [\n -80.646389,\n 25.398889\n ],\n [\n -80.646389,\n 25.402778\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"515","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d63039e4b05ec7991310ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mountain, Gregory S.","contributorId":29154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mountain","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":686106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Comas, Xavier","contributorId":176879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Comas","given":"Xavier","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cunningham, Kevin J. 0000-0002-2179-8686 kcunning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-8686","contributorId":1689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kevin","email":"kcunning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188617,"text":"70188617 - 2014 - Site response in the eastern United States: A comparison of Vs30 measurements with estimates from horizontal:vertical spectral ratios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-28T17:57:50.271694","indexId":"70188617","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Site response in the eastern United States: A comparison of Vs30 measurements with estimates from horizontal:vertical spectral ratios","docAbstract":"

Earthquake damage is often increased due to local ground-motion amplification caused by soft soils, thick basin sediments, topographic effects, and liquefaction. A critical factor contributing to the assessment of seismic hazard is detailed information on local site response. In order to address and quantify the site response at seismograph stations in the eastern United States, we investigate the regional spatial variation of horizontal:vertical spectral ratios (HVSR) using ambient noise recorded at permanent regional and national network stations as well as temporary seismic stations deployed in order to record aftershocks of the 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake. We compare the HVSR peak frequency to surface measurements of the shear-wave seismic velocity to 30 m depth (Vs30) at 21 seismograph stations in the eastern United States and find that HVSR peak frequency increases with increasing Vs30. We use this relationship to estimate the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program soil class at 218 ANSS (Advanced National Seismic System), GSN (Global Seismographic Network), and RSN (Regional Seismograph Networks) locations in the eastern United States, and suggest that this seismic station–based HVSR proxy could potentially be used to calibrate other site response characterization methods commonly used to estimate shaking hazard.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2015.2509(04)","usgsCitation":"McNamara, D.E., Stephenson, W.J., Odum, J., Williams, R., and Gee, L., 2014, Site response in the eastern United States: A comparison of Vs30 measurements with estimates from horizontal:vertical spectral ratios: GSA Special Papers, v. 509, p. 67-79, https://doi.org/10.1130/2015.2509(04).","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"79","ipdsId":"IP-056760","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342628,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.921875,\n 24.487148563173424\n ],\n [\n -66.357421875,\n 24.487148563173424\n ],\n [\n -66.357421875,\n 47.724544549099676\n ],\n [\n -94.921875,\n 47.724544549099676\n ],\n [\n -94.921875,\n 24.487148563173424\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"509","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5948e2a7e4b062508e354c74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNamara, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6860-0350 mcnamara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0350","contributorId":402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Daniel","email":"mcnamara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Odum, Jackson K. 0000-0003-4697-2430 odum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4697-2430","contributorId":1365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"Jackson K.","email":"odum@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Robert 0000-0002-2973-8493 rawilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2973-8493","contributorId":140741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Robert","email":"rawilliams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gee, Lind 0000-0003-2883-9847 lgee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2883-9847","contributorId":193064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"Lind","email":"lgee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188620,"text":"70188620 - 2014 - Using regional moment tensors to constrain the kinematics and stress evolution of the 2010–2013 Canterbury earthquake sequence, South Island, New Zealand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T16:50:09","indexId":"70188620","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using regional moment tensors to constrain the kinematics and stress evolution of the 2010–2013 Canterbury earthquake sequence, South Island, New Zealand","docAbstract":"

On September 3, 2010, a MW 7.0 (U.S. Geological Survey moment magnitude) earthquake ruptured across the Canterbury Plains in South Island, New Zealand. Since then, New Zealand GNS Science has recorded over 10,000 aftershocks ML 2.0 and larger, including three destructive ~ MW 6.0 earthquakes near Christchurch. We treat the Canterbury earthquake sequence as an intraplate earthquake sequence, and compare its kinematics to an Andersonian model for fault slip in a uniform stress field. We determined moment magnitudes and double couple solutions for 150 earthquakes having MW 3.7 and larger through the use of a waveform inversion technique using data from broadband seismic stations on South Island, New Zealand. The majority (126) of these double couple solutions have strike-slip focal mechanisms, with right-lateral slip on ENE fault planes or equivalently left-lateral slip on SSE fault planes. The remaining focal mechanisms indicate reverse faulting, except for two normal faulting events. The strike-slip segments have compatible orientations for slip in a stress field with a horizontal σ1 oriented ~ N115°E, and horizontal σ3. The preference for right lateral strike-slip earthquakes suggests that these structures are inherited from previous stages of deformation. Reverse slip is interpreted to have occurred on previously existing structures in regions with an absence of existing structures optimally oriented for strike-slip deformation. Despite the variations in slip direction and faulting style, most aftershocks had nearly the same P-axis orientation, consistent with the regional σ1. There is no evidence for significant changes in these stress orientations throughout the Canterbury earthquake sequence.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2014.06.019","usgsCitation":"Herman, M.W., Herrmann, R.B., Benz, H.M., and Furlong, K.P., 2014, Using regional moment tensors to constrain the kinematics and stress evolution of the 2010–2013 Canterbury earthquake sequence, South Island, New Zealand: Tectonophysics, v. 633, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2014.06.019.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","ipdsId":"IP-057880","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","otherGeospatial":"South Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 166.11328125,\n -47.50235895196859\n ],\n [\n 174.77050781249997,\n -47.50235895196859\n ],\n [\n 174.77050781249997,\n -40.49709237269566\n ],\n [\n 166.11328125,\n -40.49709237269566\n ],\n [\n 166.11328125,\n -47.50235895196859\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"633","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5948e2a7e4b062508e354c71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herman, Matthew W. mherman@usgs.gov","contributorId":5337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"Matthew","email":"mherman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herrmann, Robert B. rherrmann@usgs.gov","contributorId":5609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrmann","given":"Robert","email":"rherrmann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":698633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Furlong, Kevin P. 0000-0002-2674-5110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-5110","contributorId":19576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furlong","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188870,"text":"70188870 - 2014 - Interpretations of evidence for large Pleistocene paleolakes in the Bonneville basin, western North America: COMMENT on: Bonneville basin shoreline records of large lake intervals during marine isotope stage 3 and the last glacial maximum, by Nishizawa et al. (2013)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T10:08:52","indexId":"70188870","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpretations of evidence for large Pleistocene paleolakes in the Bonneville basin, western North America: COMMENT on: Bonneville basin shoreline records of large lake intervals during marine isotope stage 3 and the last glacial maximum, by Nishizawa et al. (2013)","docAbstract":"

Nishizawa et al. (2013) argue in support of three large paleolakes in the Bonneville basin during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3). If true, that would be an important contribution to paleoclimate investigations. However, the key evidence in support of their argument consists of four radiocarbon ages that are out of stratigraphic order and near the practical and theoretical limit of the dating method. The interpretation of three large MIS 3 lakes conflicts with some of their own data, as well as with independently derived stratigraphic information from the basin. Nishizawa et al. (2013) also interpret a series of radiocarbon ages of mollusk samples as indicating previously undocumented lake transgressions a few thousand years older than basal radiocarbon ages of wood samples. We believe that these interpretations are in error, and arise largely from reliance on radiocarbon ages from carbonate material. Lake records constrained by ages of non-carbonate organic materials, along with compelling stratigraphic information from unconformities and buried soils, argue for not changing interpretations of Lake Bonneville history until more supporting information for older lakes at relatively high altitudes is found.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.03.003","usgsCitation":"Oviatt, C., Chan, M.A., Jewell, P.W., Bills, B.G., Madsen, D.B., and Miller, D., 2014, Interpretations of evidence for large Pleistocene paleolakes in the Bonneville basin, western North America: COMMENT on: Bonneville basin shoreline records of large lake intervals during marine isotope stage 3 and the last glacial maximum, by Nishizawa et al. (2013): Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 401, p. 173-176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.03.003.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"176","ipdsId":"IP-049579","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/120424","text":"External Repository"},{"id":342947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"401","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536eade4b062508e3c7aa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oviatt, Charles G.","contributorId":13503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oviatt","given":"Charles G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chan, Margorie A.","contributorId":114063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"Margorie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jewell, Paul W.","contributorId":193541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jewell","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bills, Bruce G.","contributorId":81793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Madsen, David B.","contributorId":191727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Madsen","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70188319,"text":"70188319 - 2014 - Parameter optimization, sensitivity, and uncertainty analysis of an ecosystem model at a forest flux tower site in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-06T10:45:22","indexId":"70188319","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5407,"text":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parameter optimization, sensitivity, and uncertainty analysis of an ecosystem model at a forest flux tower site in the United States","docAbstract":"

Ecosystem models are useful tools for understanding ecological processes and for sustainable management of resources. In biogeochemical field, numerical models have been widely used for investigating carbon dynamics under global changes from site to regional and global scales. However, it is still challenging to optimize parameters and estimate parameterization uncertainty for complex process-based models such as the Erosion Deposition Carbon Model (EDCM), a modified version of CENTURY, that consider carbon, water, and nutrient cycles of ecosystems. This study was designed to conduct the parameter identifiability, optimization, sensitivity, and uncertainty analysis of EDCM using our developed EDCM-Auto, which incorporated a comprehensive R package—Flexible Modeling Framework (FME) and the Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE) algorithm. Using a forest flux tower site as a case study, we implemented a comprehensive modeling analysis involving nine parameters and four target variables (carbon and water fluxes) with their corresponding measurements based on the eddy covariance technique. The local sensitivity analysis shows that the plant production-related parameters (e.g., PPDF1 and PRDX) are most sensitive to the model cost function. Both SCE and FME are comparable and performed well in deriving the optimal parameter set with satisfactory simulations of target variables. Global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis indicate that the parameter uncertainty and the resulting output uncertainty can be quantified, and that the magnitude of parameter-uncertainty effects depends on variables and seasons. This study also demonstrates that using the cutting-edge R functions such as FME can be feasible and attractive for conducting comprehensive parameter analysis for ecosystem modeling.

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A combination of geological and historical records from south-central Chile provides a means to address general questions about the stability of megathrust rupture patches and the range of variation expected among earthquakes and tsunamis along a particular stretch of a subduction zone. The Tirúa River estuary (38.3°S) records four large tsunamis and coseismic land-level changes over the past 450 years within the overlapping rupture zones of the great subduction-zone earthquakes of A.D. 1960 (Mw9.5) and 2010 (Mw 8.8). Sand layers 2 km up the Tirúa River represent the 2010 and 1960 tsunamis and two historical tsunamis, most likely in A.D. 1751 and 1575. Differing land-level changes during these earthquakes likely denote differences in the spatial distribution of slip on the megathrust in both the strike and dip directions within the overlapping rupture zone, with the uplift at Tirúa in 1751 and 2010 probably caused by slip extending farther landward and to greater depth than in 1575 and 1960, which showed subsidence or little change.

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Although energy exploration and development have been taking place in the region since the late 1800s, the pace of development for fossil fuels and renewable energy increased significantly in the early 2000s. This and the associated urban and exurban development are leading to landscape-level environmental and socioeconomic changes that have the potential to diminish wildlife habitat and other natural resources, and the quality of human lives, in Southwest Wyoming. 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cpotter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":1026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Christopher","email":"cpotter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Schell, Spencer 0000-0001-7732-1863 schells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7732-1863","contributorId":3357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schell","given":"Spencer","email":"schells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Shafer, Sarah L.","contributorId":32623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"Sarah L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Sweat, Michael J. mjsweat@usgs.gov","contributorId":356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweat","given":"Michael","email":"mjsweat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Wilson, Anna B. 0000-0002-9737-2614 awilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-2614","contributorId":1619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Anna","email":"awilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31}]}} ,{"id":70116697,"text":"70116697 - 2014 - Resource partitioning in two stream salamanders, Dicamptodon tenebrosus and Rhyacotriton cascadae, from the Oregon Cascade Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-24T17:27:46","indexId":"70116697","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-15T14:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Resource partitioning in two stream salamanders, Dicamptodon tenebrosus and Rhyacotriton cascadae, from the Oregon Cascade Mountains","title":"Resource partitioning in two stream salamanders, Dicamptodon tenebrosus and Rhyacotriton cascadae, from the Oregon Cascade Mountains","docAbstract":"We investigated the potential for resource partitioning between the Coastal giant salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) and the Cascade torrent salamander (Rhyacotriton cascadae) by examining their diet and microhabitats in forest streams. Larval D. tenebrosus and R. cascadae fed primarily upon aquatic insect larvae. We found similar foods in larval and adult R. cascadae and combined these results. Dicamptodon larvae consumed ephemeropteran, plecopteran, and trichopteran larvae in about equal amounts whereas R. cascadae ate more trichopteran and less ephemeropteran larvae than D. tenebrosus. Diet of all R. cascadae overlapped more with smaller than larger sized D. tenebrosus larvae. Comparisons of diets with available foods indicated R. cascadae is more selective or more gape-limited in its feeding habits than D. tenebrosus larvae. The two salamanders differed in use of microhabitats in creeks, which may contribute to their diet differences.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","publisherLocation":"Notre Dame, IN","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-172.1.191","usgsCitation":"Cudmore, W.W., and Bury, R.B., 2014, Resource partitioning in two stream salamanders, Dicamptodon tenebrosus and Rhyacotriton cascadae, from the Oregon Cascade Mountains: American Midland Naturalist, v. 172, no. 1, p. 191-199, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-172.1.191.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"199","ipdsId":"IP-052896","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290182,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.44,44.10 ], [ -122.44,45.52 ], [ -121.92,45.52 ], [ -121.92,44.10 ], [ -122.44,44.10 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"172","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c63f55e4b0001bd514772d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cudmore, Wynn W.","contributorId":23853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cudmore","given":"Wynn","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70116679,"text":"70116679 - 2014 - Wolf population regulation revisited: again","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T10:56:36","indexId":"70116679","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-15T12:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wolf population regulation revisited: again","docAbstract":"The long-accepted conclusion that wolf density is regulated by nutrition was recently challenged, and the conclusion was reached that, at greater levels of prey biomass, social factors such as intraspecific strife and territoriality tend to regulate wolf density. We reanalyzed the data used in that study for 2 reasons: 1) we disputed the use of 2 data points, and 2) because of recognized heteroscedasticity, we used weighted-regression analysis instead of the unweighted regressions used in the original study. We concluded that the data do not support the hypothesis that wolf densities are regulated by social factors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.744","usgsCitation":"McRoberts, R.E., and Mech, L.D., 2014, Wolf population regulation revisited: again: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 6, p. 963-967, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.744.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"963","endPage":"967","ipdsId":"IP-051047","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290132,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290130,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.744"}],"volume":"78","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c63f57e4b0001bd514772f","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/jwmg.744","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.744","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Mcroberts Ronald E., Mech L. David","journalName":"The Journal of Wildlife Management","publicationDate":"7/7/2014","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McRoberts, Ronald E.","contributorId":91026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McRoberts","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70108083,"text":"ofr20141104 - 2014 - Discharge, water quality, and native fish abundance in the Virgin River, Utah, Nevada, and Arizona, in support of Pah Tempe Springs discharge remediation efforts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T15:19:55","indexId":"ofr20141104","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-15T12:32:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1104","title":"Discharge, water quality, and native fish abundance in the Virgin River, Utah, Nevada, and Arizona, in support of Pah Tempe Springs discharge remediation efforts","docAbstract":"

Pah Tempe Springs discharge hot, saline, low dissolved-oxygen water to the Virgin River in southwestern Utah, which is transported downstream to Lake Mead and the Colorado River. The dissolved salts in the Virgin River negatively influence the suitability of this water for downstream agricultural, municipal, and industrial use. Therefore, various remediation scenarios to remove the salt load discharged from Pah Tempe Springs to the Virgin River are being considered. One concern about this load removal is the potential to impact the ecology of the Virgin River. Specifically, information is needed regarding possible impacts of Pah Tempe Springs remediation scenarios on the abundance, distribution, and survival of native fish in the Virgin River. Future efforts that aim to quantitatively assess how various remediation scenarios to reduce the load of dissolved salts from Pah Tempe Springs into the Virgin River may influence the abundance, distribution, and survival of native fish will require data on discharge, water quality, and native fish abundance. This report contains organized accessible discharge, water quality, and native fish abundance data sets from the Virgin River, documents the compilation of these data, and discusses approaches for quantifying relations between abiotic physical and chemical conditions, and fish abundance.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., Lambert, P.M., and Hardy, T., 2014, Discharge, water quality, and native fish abundance in the Virgin River, Utah, Nevada, and Arizona, in support of Pah Tempe Springs discharge remediation efforts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1104, Report: v, 16 p.; Appendixes 1-8, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141104.","productDescription":"Report: v, 16 p.; Appendixes 1-8","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046372","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290133,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141104.JPG"},{"id":290138,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1104/pdf/ofr2014-1104.pdf"},{"id":290131,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1104/"},{"id":290139,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1104/downloads/ofr2014-1104_appendixes.zip","text":"Appendixes 1-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Pah Tempe Springs, Virgin River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.03,31.22 ], [ -120.03,42.0 ], [ -108.98,42.0 ], [ -108.98,31.22 ], [ -120.03,31.22 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c63f50e4b0001bd5147729","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Matthew P. 0000-0002-2537-1823 mamiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-1823","contributorId":3919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew","email":"mamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lambert, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6808-2303 plambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6808-2303","contributorId":349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Patrick","email":"plambert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hardy, Thomas B.","contributorId":62936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardy","given":"Thomas B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70112826,"text":"ofr20141121 - 2014 - Effects of reintroduced beaver (Castor canadensis) on riparian bird community structure along the upper San Pedro River, southeastern Arizona and northern Sonora, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T13:45:10","indexId":"ofr20141121","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-15T08:21:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1121","title":"Effects of reintroduced beaver (Castor canadensis) on riparian bird community structure along the upper San Pedro River, southeastern Arizona and northern Sonora, Mexico","docAbstract":"

Chapter 1.—We measured bird abundance and richness along the upper San Pedro River in 2005 and 2006, in order to document how beavers (Castor canadensis) may act as ecosystem engineers after their reintroduction to a desert riparian area in the Southwestern United States. In areas where beavers colonized, we found higher bird abundance and richness of bird groups, such as all breeding birds, insectivorous birds, and riparian specialists, and higher relative abundance of many individual species—including several avian species of conservation concern.

\n
\n

Chapter 2.—We conducted bird surveys in riparian areas along the upper San Pedro River in southeastern Arizona (United States) and northern Sonora (Mexico) in order to describe factors influencing bird community dynamics and the distribution and abundance of species, particularly those of conservation concern. These surveys were also used to document the effects of the ecosystem-altering activities of a recently reintroduced beavers (Castor canadensis).

\n
\n

Chapter 3.—We reviewed Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) nest records and investigated the potential for future breeding along the upper San Pedro River in southeastern Arizona, where in July 2005 we encountered the southernmost verifiable nest attempt for the species. Continued conservation and management of the area’s riparian vegetation and surface water has potential to contribute additional breeding sites for this endangered Willow Flycatcher subspecies. Given the nest record along the upper San Pedro River and the presence of high-density breeding sites to the north, the native cottonwood-willow forests of the upper San Pedro River could become increasingly important to E. t. extimus recovery, especially considering the anticipated effect of the tamarisk leaf beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) on riparian habitat north of the region.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141121","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources and the Environment","usgsCitation":"Johnson, G.E., and van Riper, C., 2014, Effects of reintroduced beaver (Castor canadensis) on riparian bird community structure along the upper San Pedro River, southeastern Arizona and northern Sonora, Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1121, vi, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141121.","productDescription":"vi, 98 p.","numberOfPages":"108","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-012357","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290084,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141121.jpg"},{"id":290015,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1121/"},{"id":290083,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1121/pdf/ofr2014-1121.pdf"}],"country":"Mexico;United States","state":"Arizona;Sonora","otherGeospatial":"San Pedro River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.256138,31.199974 ], [ -110.256138,31.861558 ], [ -110.071382,31.861558 ], [ -110.071382,31.199974 ], [ -110.256138,31.199974 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c63f52e4b0001bd514772b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Glenn E.","contributorId":99053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70171083,"text":"70171083 - 2014 - Graptemys gibbonsi Lovich and McCoy -- Pascagoula Map Turtle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T15:41:34","indexId":"70171083","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-15T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"title":"Graptemys gibbonsi Lovich and McCoy -- Pascagoula Map Turtle","docAbstract":"

DEFINITION. The Pascagoula Map Turtle, Graptemys gibbonsi, is a large riverine species that exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism, where females attain a maximum carapace length (CL) of 295 mm and males a maximum of 141 mm (Lovich et al. 2009). Mean adult female CL (248 mm) can be well over twice the mean CL of adult males (104 mm; Gibbons and Lovich 1990, Lovich et al. 2009). In addition, females have conspicuously enlarged heads (37.9 mm, SD = 14.0 mm) with broad alveolar surfaces (12.1 mm, SD = 4.9) compared to males (head width – 16.4 mm, SD = 1.1 mm; alveolar width – 4.3 mm, SD = 0.40 mm; Lindeman, unpublished data). Males have longer tails with the vent posterior to the edge of the carapace. Both sexes have relatively flat plastrons. Similar to other species within the pulchra clade, Graptemys gibbonsi possess a high-domed shell with a median keel. The median carapace keel is composed of prominent spines on the posterior portions of the second and third vertebrals. A broken black stripe, most pronounced anteriorly, marks the median keel of the vertebrals, and pleural scutes 1– 3 have a network of intersecting yellow lines or circular yellow markings on the distal parts. The plastron is pale yellow with dark pigment on some seams. Ground color of the head and limbs is brown to olive with light yellow or yellowish-green stripes and blotches. The yellow pigment on the upper marginal scutes is wide in comparison to other members of the pulchra clade.

\n

Hatchling pigmentation patterns resemble those of adults, but with more conspicuous patterns on the pleural scutes. Similarly, the plastron of hatchlings commonly has more dark pigmentation along the seams than adults. The shell is highly serrated along the edge of the carapace and the vertebral keel is more pronounced than in adults.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J.E., and Ennen, J.R., 2014, Graptemys gibbonsi Lovich and McCoy -- Pascagoula Map Turtle, chap. of Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, p. 901.1-901.8.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"901.1","endPage":"901.8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053398","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321674,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321395,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.zenscientist.com/index.php/component/remository/Open-Access-Journals/caar/orderby,2/page,40/?Itemid=0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.62646484375,\n 30.24957724046765\n ],\n [\n -89.62646484375,\n 32.63937487360669\n ],\n [\n -88.330078125,\n 32.63937487360669\n ],\n [\n -88.330078125,\n 30.24957724046765\n ],\n [\n -89.62646484375,\n 30.24957724046765\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccaee4b07e28b662dc3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ennen, Joshua R.","contributorId":83858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ennen","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}