The vertical mass transfer coefficient and particle fall velocity were determined in an open channel shear flow. Three dispersants, dye, fine sand and medium sand, were used with each of three flow conditions. The dispersant was injected as a continuous line source across the channel and downstream concentration profiles were measured. From these profiles along with the measured velocity distribution both the vertical mass transfer coefficient and the local particle fall velocity were determined.
The effects of secondary currents on the vertical mixing process were discussed. Data was taken and analyzed in such a way as to largely eliminate the effects of these currents on the measured values.
A procedure was developed by which the local value of the fall velocity of sand sized particles could be determined in an open channel flow. The fall velocity of the particles in the turbulent flow was always greater than their fall velocity in quiescent water.
Reynolds analogy between the transfer of momentum and marked fluid particles was further substantiated. The turbulent Schmidt number was shown to be approximately 1.03 for an open channel flow with a rough boundary. Eulerian turbulence measurements were not sufficient to predict the vertical transfer coefficient.
Vertical mixing of sediment is due to three semi-independent processes. These processes are: secondary currents, diffusion due to tangential velocity fluctuations and diffusion due to the curvature of the fluid particle path lines. The diffusion coefficient due to tangential velocity fluctuations is approximately proportional to the transfer coefficient of marked fluid particles. The proportionality constant is less than or equal to 1.0 and decreases with increasing particle size. The diffusion coefficient due to the curvature of the fluid particle path lines is not related to the diffusion coefficient for marked fluid particles and increases with particle size, at least for sediment particles in the sand size range. The total sediment transfer coefficient is equal to the sum of the coefficient due to tangential velocity fluctuations and the coefficient due to the curvature of the fluid particle path lines.
A numerical solution to the conservation of mass equation is given. The effects of the transfer coefficient, fall velocity and bed conditions on the predicted concentration profiles are illustrated.
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The bedrock is locally covered by extensive surficial deposits of Quaternary and Recent (Holocene) age. The Mesozoic strata are cut by a quartz monzonite batholith in the Tokositna Mountains and by alaskitic dikes and plugs in the Peters and Dutch Hills. A silica-carbonate dike, which formed by alteration of a mafic or ultramafic dike, was noted in the Peters Hills.\r\n\r\nThe major ore deposits are gold placer deposits of several types, including stream and bench deposits of Recent (Holocene) age, glacial-fluviatile deposits of Quaternary age, and conglomerates of Tertiary age. Quartz-rich conglomerates and breccias have also been productive and are interesting and controversial genetically. The present study indicates that they are closely related to shear zones containing quartz veins and highly altered rocks; previously the origin of the associated altered rocks had been ascribed to deep weathering.\r\n\r\nThe report also contains descriptions of a few gold lode prospects and of geochemically anomalous areas such as those at Bunco Creek and near Mount Goldie.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr6835","usgsCitation":"Clark, A.L., and Hawley, C.C., 1968, Reconnaissance geology, mineral occurrences, and geochemical anomalies of the Yentna district, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 68-35, 86 p. ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6835.","productDescription":"86 p. ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106417,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8311.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"8311"},{"id":144700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0035/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41488,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0035/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41489,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0035/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41490,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0035/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41491,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0035/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63ea88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Allen L.","contributorId":96258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawley, C. 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1968 - Petrography and petrology of the Middlefield Granite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:45","indexId":"ofr6836","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"68-36","title":"Petrography and petrology of the Middlefield Granite","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr6836","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.G., 1968, Petrography and petrology of the Middlefield Granite: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 68-36, 52 p. ill., maps ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6836.","productDescription":"52 p. ill., maps ;29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0036/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41493,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0036/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41494,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0036/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68818f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Russell Gould Jr.","contributorId":88359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Russell","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gould","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":46642,"text":"ofr6812 - 1968 - Geologic map of the SE 1/4 Mount Union quadrangle, Yavapai County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:42","indexId":"ofr6812","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"68-12","title":"Geologic map of the SE 1/4 Mount Union quadrangle, Yavapai County, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr6812","usgsCitation":"Blacet, P.M., 1968, Geologic map of the SE 1/4 Mount Union quadrangle, Yavapai County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 68-12, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6812.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106406,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8252.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"8252"},{"id":171252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":83574,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0012/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db6115bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blacet, Philip M.","contributorId":64306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blacet","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52597,"text":"ofr67125 - 1968 - Ground-water resources in the vicinity of the Crown Point Fish Hatchery, Essex County, New York","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52597,"text":"ofr67125 - 1968 - Ground-water resources in the vicinity of the Crown Point Fish Hatchery, Essex County, New York","indexId":"ofr67125","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water resources in the vicinity of the Crown Point Fish Hatchery, Essex County, New York"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70046987,"text":"70046987 - 1968 - Ground-water resources in the vicinity of the Crown Point fish hatchery, Essex County, New York","indexId":"70046987","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water resources in the vicinity of the Crown Point fish hatchery, Essex County, New York"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70046987,"text":"70046987 - 1968 - Ground-water resources in the vicinity of the Crown Point fish hatchery, Essex County, New York","indexId":"70046987","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water resources in the vicinity of the Crown Point fish hatchery, Essex County, New York"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-08T09:07:04","indexId":"ofr67125","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"67-125","title":"Ground-water resources in the vicinity of the Crown Point Fish Hatchery, Essex County, New York","docAbstract":"The Crown Point Fish Hatchery, one of several hatcheries operated by the New York State Conservation Department, is located in Crown Point Center, Essex County, on the eastern edge of the Adirondack Highlands and about 2 miles west of Lake Champlain. Figure 1 is a location map of the vicinity of the Hatchery. This report summarizes an investigation by the U.S. ·Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New York State Conservation Department, Division of Water Resources, to locate and evaluate sources of additional ground-water supply for the Hatchery. In order to expand the facilities at the Hatchery, an additional water supply of about 100 gpm (gallons per minute) to as much as 350 gpm is needed. In addition, the type of fish culture practiced requires a water temperature of about 7 to 13 degrees Celsius (centigrade) for optimum results.
\nThe cooperation and assistance of the New York State Department of Transportation, Bureau of Soil Mechanics, the New York State Education Department, Museum and Science Service, and G. A. Connally of the State University of New York at New Paltz, during this study are gratefully acknowledged. Much of the preliminary field work was done by G. L. Giese and W. A. Hobba, Jr., U.S. Geological Survey, as part of a water-resources study of the Lake Champlain basin. The field work was supervised by R. C. Heath, former district chief of the Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey. G. G. Parker, district chief, supervised the preparation of this report.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr6876","usgsCitation":"Doe, B.R., 1968, A list of references on lead isotope geochemistry through 1966: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 68-76, 97 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6876.","productDescription":"97 p.","numberOfPages":"103","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288768,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288767,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0076/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae2c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doe, Bruce R.","contributorId":87554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doe","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24646,"text":"ofr68265 - 1968 - Evaluation of a periscopic aircraft sextant as a surveying tool during advanced systems field test 3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"ofr68265","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"68-265","title":"Evaluation of a periscopic aircraft sextant as a surveying tool during advanced systems field test 3","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr68265","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Sutton, R.L., 1968, Evaluation of a periscopic aircraft sextant as a surveying tool during advanced systems field test 3: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 68-265, iii, 9 p. , [1] fold. leaf of plates :ill., map ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr68265.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p. , [1] fold. leaf of plates :ill., map ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faef2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutton, R. L.","contributorId":24364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":41730,"text":"ofr68287 - 1968 - Aeromagnetic map of the McNair-Grand Portage area, northeastern Minnesota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":41730,"text":"ofr68287 - 1968 - Aeromagnetic map of the McNair-Grand Portage area, northeastern Minnesota","indexId":"ofr68287","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"title":"Aeromagnetic map of the McNair-Grand Portage area, northeastern Minnesota"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":63896,"text":"gp639 - 1969 - Aeromagnetic map of the McNair-Grand Portage area, northeastern Minnesota","indexId":"gp639","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Aeromagnetic map of the McNair-Grand Portage area, northeastern Minnesota"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":63896,"text":"gp639 - 1969 - Aeromagnetic map of the McNair-Grand Portage area, northeastern Minnesota","indexId":"gp639","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Aeromagnetic map of the McNair-Grand Portage area, northeastern Minnesota"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-27T16:10:52.337087","indexId":"ofr68287","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"68-287","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the McNair-Grand Portage area, northeastern Minnesota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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