{"pageNumber":"1305","pageRowStart":"32600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":70017714,"text":"70017714 - 1996 - Improving regional-model estimates of urban-runoff quality using local data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-30T12:18:08.720086","indexId":"70017714","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving regional-model estimates of urban-runoff quality using local data","docAbstract":"

Urban water-quality managers need load estimates of storm-runoff pollutants to design effective remedial programs. Estimates are commonly made using published models calibrated to large regions of the country. This paper presents statistical methods, termed model-adjustment procedures (MAPs), which use a combination of local data and published regional models to improve estimates of urban-runoff quality. Each MAP is a form of regression analysis that uses a local data base as a calibration data set to adjust the regional model, in effect increasing the size of the local data base without additional, expensive data collection. The adjusted regional model can then be used to estimate storm-runoff quality at unmonitored sites and storms in the locality. The four MAPs presented in this study are (1) single-factor regression against the regional model prediction, Pu; (2) least-squares regression against Pu; (3) least-squares regression against Pu and additional local variables; and (4) weighted combination of Pu and a local-regression prediction. Identification of the statistically most valid method among these four depends upon characteristics of the local data base. A MAP-selection scheme based on statistical analysis of the calibration data set is presented and tested.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1996.tb03482.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Hoos, A., 1996, Improving regional-model estimates of urban-runoff quality using local data: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 32, no. 4, p. 855-863, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1996.tb03482.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"855","endPage":"863","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228574,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a397ae4b0c8380cd6192b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoos, A.B.","contributorId":23572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoos","given":"A.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017722,"text":"70017722 - 1996 - The 1993 Mississippi river flood: A one hundred or a one thousand year event?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-17T15:23:13.064792","indexId":"70017722","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1993 Mississippi river flood: A one hundred or a one thousand year event?","docAbstract":"Power-law (fractal) extreme-value statistics are applicable to many natural phenomena under a wide variety of circumstances. Data from a hydrologic station in Keokuk, Iowa, shows the great flood of the Mississippi River in 1993 has a recurrence interval on the order of 100 years using power-law statistics applied to partial-duration flood series and on the order of 1,000 years using a log-Pearson type 3 (LP3) distribution applied to annual series. The LP3 analysis is the federally adopted probability distribution for flood-frequency estimation of extreme events. We suggest that power-law statistics are preferable to LP3 analysis. As a further test of the power-law approach we consider paleoflood data from the Colorado River. We compare power-law and LP3 extrapolations of historical data with these paleo-floods. The results are remarkably similar to those obtained for the Mississippi River: Recurrence intervals from power-law statistics applied to Lees Ferry discharge data are generally consistent with inferred 100- and 1,000-year paleofloods, whereas LP3 analysis gives recurrence intervals that are orders of magnitude longer. For both the Keokuk and Lees Ferry gauges, the use of an annual series introduces an artificial curvature in log-log space that leads to an underestimate of severe floods. Power-law statistics are predicting much shorter recurrence intervals than the federally adopted LP3 statistics. We suggest that if power-law behavior is applicable, then the likelihood of severe floods is much higher. More conservative dam designs and land-use restrictions Nay be required.","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Engineering Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.II.4.479","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Malamud, B., Turcotte, D., and Barton, C., 1996, The 1993 Mississippi river flood: A one hundred or a one thousand year event?: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 2, no. 4, p. 479-486, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.II.4.479.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"479","endPage":"486","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228672,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba634e4b08c986b320f70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malamud, B.D.","contributorId":97653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malamud","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turcotte, D.L.","contributorId":82475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turcotte","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barton, C.C.","contributorId":93063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017742,"text":"70017742 - 1996 - Electron-probe microanalysis of light elements in coal and other kerogen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:53","indexId":"70017742","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electron-probe microanalysis of light elements in coal and other kerogen","docAbstract":"Recent advances in electron microprobe technology including development of layered synthetic microstructures, more stable electronics and better matrix-correction programs facilitated routine microanalysis of the light elements in coal. Utilizing an appropriately equipped electron microprobe with suitable standards, it is now possible to analyze directly the light elements (C, O and N, if abundant) in coal macerals and other kerogen. The analytical results are both accurate compared to ASTM methods and highly precise, and provide an opportunity to access the variation in coal chemistry at the micrometre scale. Our experiments show that analyses using a 10 kV accelerating voltage and 10 nA beam current yield the most reliable data and result in minimum sample damage and contamination. High sample counts were obtained for C, O and N using a bi-elemental nickel-carbon pseudo-crystal (2d = 9.5 nm) as an analyzing crystal. Vitrinite isolated from anthracite rank coal proves the best carbon standard and is more desirable than graphite which has higher porosity, whereas lower rank vitrinite is too heterogeneous to use routinely as a standard. Other standards utilized were magnesite for oxygen and BN for nitrogen. No significant carbon, oxygen or nitrogen X-ray peak shifts or peak-shape changes occur between standards and the kerogen analyzed. Counting rates for carbon and oxygen were found to be constant over a range of beam sizes and currents for counting times up to 160 s. Probe-determined carbon and oxygen contents agree closely with those reported from ASTM analyses. Nitrogen analyses compare poorly to ASTM values which probably is in response to overlap between the nitrogen Ka peak with the carbon K-adsorption edge and the overall low nitrogen content of most of our samples. Our results show that the electron microprobe technique provides accurate compositional data for both minor and major elements in coal without the necessity and inherent problems associated with mechanically isolating macerals. Studies to date have demonstrated the level of compositional variability within and between macerals in suites of Canadian coals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(96)00028-6","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Bustin, R., Mastalerz, M., and Raudsepp, M., 1996, Electron-probe microanalysis of light elements in coal and other kerogen: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 32, no. 1-4, p. 5-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(96)00028-6.","startPage":"5","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206181,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(96)00028-6"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08aae4b0c8380cd51c02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bustin, R.M.","contributorId":101831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bustin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raudsepp, M.","contributorId":22923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raudsepp","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017761,"text":"70017761 - 1996 - Effects of cavity-entrance restrictors on red-cockaded woodpeckers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:55","indexId":"70017761","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of cavity-entrance restrictors on red-cockaded woodpeckers","docAbstract":"The U.S. Forest Service has installed restrictors on cavity entrances of red-cockaded woodpeckers to limit access by larger cavity-dwelling competitors. This study tested the hypothesis that restrictors have no adverse effects on red-cockaded woodpeckers. Entrance restrictors were placed on openings to 20 cavities used by roosting red-cockaded woodpeckers, and 20 were left nonrestricted in the Bienville National Forest, Mississippi. No difference was found between treatments in subsequent cavity use by red-cockaded woodpeckers. We examined possible effects on bill wear of birds using cavities with the metal restrictors. We recorded evidence of damage to bills and measured bill lengths of 14 birds captured from cavities with restrictor plates compared to 20 birds from cavities without restrictors. No significant difference was found. These data indicate restrictors do not negatively affect red-cockaded woodpeckers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Raulston, B., James, D., and Johnson, J., 1996, Effects of cavity-entrance restrictors on red-cockaded woodpeckers: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 24, no. 4, p. 694-698.","startPage":"694","endPage":"698","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06a5e4b0c8380cd51355","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raulston, B.E.","contributorId":58035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raulston","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"James, D.A.","contributorId":108225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, J.E.","contributorId":44857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017769,"text":"70017769 - 1996 - Relation of landscape position and irrigation to concentrations of alachlor, atrazine, and selected degradates in regolith in northeastern Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-01T17:52:21.217237","indexId":"70017769","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":612,"text":"ACS Symposium Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relation of landscape position and irrigation to concentrations of alachlor, atrazine, and selected degradates in regolith in northeastern Nebraska","docAbstract":"

Concentrations of alachlor, its ethanesulfonic acid degradate, atrazine and its degradates, deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine, in the upper regolith and associated shallow aquifers were determined in relation to landscape position (floodplains, terraces, and uplands) and irrigation (nonirrigated and irrigated corn cropland) in 1992. Irrigated and nonirrigated sites were located on each landscape position. Samples were collected from three depths. Canonical discriminant and multivariate analyses were used to interpret data. Herbicides and their degradation products tended to be present in soils with high percent organic matter, low pH, and low sand content. Atrazine was present more frequently on the floodplain at all depths than the other compounds. Atrazine (maximum 17.5 µg/kg) and ethanesulfonic acid (maximum 10 µg/kg) were associated with landscape position, but not with irrigation. Alachlor (maximum 24 µg/kg), deethylatrazine (maximum 1.5 µg/kg), and deisopropylatrazine (maximum 3.5 µg/kg) were not significantly associated with either landscape position or irrigation. Ground-water analytical results suggested that concentrations of these herbicides and degradates in ground water did not differ among landscape position or between irrigated and nonirrigated corn cropland.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/bk-1996-0630.ch015","usgsCitation":"Verstraeten, I., Lewis, D.T., McCallister, D.L., Parkhurst, A., and Thurman, E., 1996, Relation of landscape position and irrigation to concentrations of alachlor, atrazine, and selected degradates in regolith in northeastern Nebraska: ACS Symposium Series, v. 630, p. 178-197, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0630.ch015.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"197","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228673,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"630","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a66be4b0e8fec6cdc183","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verstraeten, Ingrid M.","contributorId":61033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verstraeten","given":"Ingrid M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, D. T.","contributorId":63185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCallister, D. L.","contributorId":57618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCallister","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parkhurst, A.","contributorId":88108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":4847,"text":"ds30 - 1996 - 1995 National Assessment of United States oil and gas resources: Results, methodology, and supporting data","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":4859,"text":"ds30_1995 - 1995 - 1995 National assessment of United States oil and gas resources; results, methodology, and supporting data","indexId":"ds30_1995","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"1995 National assessment of United States oil and gas resources; results, methodology, and supporting data"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4847,"text":"ds30 - 1996 - 1995 National Assessment of United States oil and gas resources: Results, methodology, and supporting data","indexId":"ds30","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"1995 National Assessment of United States oil and gas resources: Results, methodology, and supporting data"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T14:09:41.266019","indexId":"ds30","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"30","title":"1995 National Assessment of United States oil and gas resources: Results, methodology, and supporting data","docAbstract":"This revised CD-ROM summarizes the results, released in 1995, of the 3-year study of the oil and gas resources of the onshore and state waters of the United States. Minor errors in the original DDS-30 (listed in DDS-35 and DDS-36) are corrected in this revised version and in the data files now released in DDS-35 and DDS-36. Estimates are made of technically recoverable oil, including measured (proved) reserves, future additions to reserves in existing fields, and undiscovered resources. Estimates are also made of the technically recoverable conventional resources of natural gas in measured reserves, in anticipated growth of reserves in existing fields, and in undiscovered resources. Additionally, an assessment is made of recoverable resources in continuous-type (largely unconventional) accumulations in sandstones, shales, chalks, and coal beds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds30","usgsCitation":"Gautier, D.L., Dolton, G., Takahashi, K., and Varnes, K., 1996, 1995 National Assessment of United States oil and gas resources: Results, methodology, and supporting data (Release 2): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 30, HTML Document: CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds30.","productDescription":"HTML Document: CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438913,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OQPLOY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"1995 National Oil and Gas Assessment Province Boundaries"},{"id":429253,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13YZJZG","text":"1995 National Oil and Gas Assessment Data Collection Archive"},{"id":10822,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-030/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402557,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10542.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":139839,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n -94.64,\n 48.84\n ],\n [\n -94.32914,\n 48.67074\n ],\n [\n -93.63087,\n 48.60926\n ],\n [\n -92.61,\n 48.45\n ],\n [\n -91.64,\n 48.14\n ],\n [\n -90.83,\n 48.27\n ],\n [\n -89.6,\n 48.01\n ],\n [\n -89.27292,\n 48.01981\n ],\n [\n -88.37811,\n 48.30292\n ],\n [\n -87.43979,\n 47.94\n ],\n [\n -86.46199,\n 47.55334\n ],\n [\n -85.65236,\n 47.22022\n ],\n [\n -84.87608,\n 46.90008\n ],\n [\n -84.77924,\n 46.6371\n ],\n [\n -84.54375,\n 46.53868\n ],\n [\n -84.6049,\n 46.4396\n ],\n [\n -84.3367,\n 46.40877\n ],\n [\n -84.14212,\n 46.51223\n ],\n [\n -84.09185,\n 46.27542\n ],\n [\n -83.89077,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.61613,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.46955,\n 45.99469\n ],\n [\n -83.59285,\n 45.81689\n ],\n [\n -82.55092,\n 45.34752\n ],\n [\n -82.33776,\n 44.44\n ],\n [\n -82.13764,\n 43.57109\n ],\n [\n -82.43,\n 42.98\n ],\n [\n -82.9,\n 42.43\n ],\n [\n -83.12,\n 42.08\n ],\n [\n -83.142,\n 41.97568\n ],\n [\n -83.02981,\n 41.8328\n ],\n [\n -82.69009,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -82.43928,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -81.27775,\n 42.20903\n ],\n [\n -80.24745,\n 42.3662\n ],\n [\n -78.93936,\n 42.86361\n ],\n [\n -78.92,\n 42.965\n ],\n [\n -79.01,\n 43.27\n ],\n [\n -79.17167,\n 43.46634\n ],\n [\n -78.72028,\n 43.62509\n ],\n [\n -77.73789,\n 43.62906\n ],\n [\n -76.82003,\n 43.62878\n ],\n [\n -76.5,\n 44.01846\n ],\n [\n -76.375,\n 44.09631\n ],\n [\n -75.31821,\n 44.81645\n ],\n [\n -74.867,\n 45.00048\n ],\n [\n -73.34783,\n 45.00738\n ],\n [\n -71.50506,\n 45.0082\n ],\n [\n -71.405,\n 45.255\n ],\n [\n -71.08482,\n 45.30524\n ],\n [\n -70.66,\n 45.46\n ],\n [\n -70.305,\n 45.915\n ],\n [\n -69.99997,\n 46.69307\n ],\n [\n -69.23722,\n 47.44778\n ],\n [\n -68.905,\n 47.185\n ],\n [\n -68.23444,\n 47.35486\n ],\n [\n -67.79046,\n 47.06636\n ],\n [\n -67.79134,\n 45.70281\n ],\n [\n -67.13741,\n 45.13753\n ],\n [\n -66.96466,\n 44.8097\n ],\n [\n -68.03252,\n 44.3252\n ],\n [\n -69.06,\n 43.98\n ],\n [\n -70.11617,\n 43.68405\n ],\n [\n -70.64548,\n 43.09024\n ],\n [\n -70.81489,\n 42.8653\n ],\n [\n -70.825,\n 42.335\n ],\n [\n -70.495,\n 41.805\n ],\n [\n -70.08,\n 41.78\n ],\n [\n -70.185,\n 42.145\n ],\n [\n -69.88497,\n 41.92283\n ],\n [\n -69.96503,\n 41.63717\n ],\n [\n -70.64,\n 41.475\n ],\n [\n -71.12039,\n 41.49445\n ],\n [\n -71.86,\n 41.32\n ],\n [\n -72.295,\n 41.27\n ],\n [\n -72.87643,\n 41.22065\n ],\n [\n -73.71,\n 40.9311\n ],\n [\n -72.24126,\n 41.11948\n ],\n [\n -71.945,\n 40.93\n ],\n [\n -73.345,\n 40.63\n ],\n [\n -73.982,\n 40.628\n ],\n [\n -73.95232,\n 40.75075\n ],\n [\n -74.25671,\n 40.47351\n ],\n [\n -73.96244,\n 40.42763\n ],\n [\n -74.17838,\n 39.70926\n ],\n [\n -74.90604,\n 38.93954\n ],\n [\n -74.98041,\n 39.1964\n ],\n [\n -75.20002,\n 39.24845\n ],\n [\n -75.52805,\n 39.4985\n ],\n [\n -75.32,\n 38.96\n ],\n [\n -75.07183,\n 38.78203\n ],\n [\n -75.05673,\n 38.40412\n ],\n [\n -75.37747,\n 38.01551\n ],\n [\n -75.94023,\n 37.21689\n ],\n [\n -76.03127,\n 37.2566\n ],\n [\n -75.72205,\n 37.93705\n ],\n [\n -76.23287,\n 38.31921\n ],\n [\n -76.35,\n 39.15\n ],\n [\n -76.54272,\n 38.71762\n ],\n [\n -76.32933,\n 38.08326\n ],\n [\n -76.99,\n 38.23999\n ],\n [\n -76.30162,\n 37.91794\n ],\n [\n -76.25874,\n 36.9664\n ],\n [\n -75.9718,\n 36.89726\n ],\n [\n -75.86804,\n 36.55125\n ],\n [\n -75.72749,\n 35.55074\n ],\n [\n -76.36318,\n 34.80854\n ],\n [\n -77.39763,\n 34.51201\n ],\n [\n -78.05496,\n 33.92547\n ],\n [\n -78.55435,\n 33.86133\n ],\n [\n -79.06067,\n 33.49395\n ],\n [\n -79.20357,\n 33.15839\n ],\n [\n -80.30132,\n 32.50935\n ],\n [\n -80.86498,\n 32.0333\n ],\n [\n -81.33629,\n 31.44049\n ],\n [\n -81.49042,\n 30.72999\n ],\n [\n -81.31371,\n 30.03552\n ],\n [\n -80.98,\n 29.18\n ],\n [\n -80.53558,\n 28.47213\n ],\n [\n -80.53,\n 28.04\n ],\n [\n -80.05654,\n 26.88\n ],\n [\n -80.08801,\n 26.20576\n ],\n [\n -80.13156,\n 25.81677\n ],\n [\n -80.38103,\n 25.20616\n ],\n [\n -80.68,\n 25.08\n ],\n [\n -81.17213,\n 25.20126\n ],\n [\n -81.33,\n 25.64\n ],\n [\n -81.71,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -82.24,\n 26.73\n ],\n [\n -82.70515,\n 27.49504\n ],\n [\n -82.85526,\n 27.88624\n ],\n [\n -82.65,\n 28.55\n ],\n [\n -82.93,\n 29.1\n ],\n [\n -83.70959,\n 29.93656\n ],\n [\n -84.1,\n 30.09\n ],\n [\n -85.10882,\n 29.63615\n ],\n [\n -85.28784,\n 29.68612\n ],\n [\n -85.7731,\n 30.15261\n ],\n [\n -86.4,\n 30.4\n ],\n [\n -87.53036,\n 30.27433\n ],\n [\n -88.41782,\n 30.3849\n ],\n [\n -89.18049,\n 30.31598\n ],\n [\n -89.59383,\n 30.15999\n ],\n [\n -89.41373,\n 29.89419\n ],\n [\n -89.43,\n 29.48864\n ],\n [\n -89.21767,\n 29.29108\n ],\n [\n -89.40823,\n 29.15961\n ],\n [\n -89.77928,\n 29.30714\n ],\n [\n -90.15463,\n 29.11743\n ],\n [\n -90.88022,\n 29.14854\n ],\n [\n -91.62678,\n 29.677\n ],\n [\n -92.49906,\n 29.5523\n ],\n [\n -93.22637,\n 29.78375\n ],\n [\n -93.84842,\n 29.71363\n ],\n [\n -94.69,\n 29.48\n ],\n [\n -95.60026,\n 28.73863\n ],\n [\n -96.59404,\n 28.30748\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 27.83\n ],\n [\n -97.37,\n 27.38\n ],\n [\n -97.38,\n 26.69\n ],\n [\n -97.33,\n 26.21\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -97.53,\n 25.84\n ],\n [\n -98.24,\n 26.06\n ],\n [\n -99.02,\n 26.37\n ],\n [\n -99.3,\n 26.84\n ],\n [\n -99.52,\n 27.54\n ],\n [\n -100.11,\n 28.11\n ],\n [\n -100.45584,\n 28.69612\n ],\n [\n -100.9576,\n 29.38071\n ],\n [\n -101.6624,\n 29.7793\n ],\n [\n -102.48,\n 29.76\n ],\n [\n -103.11,\n 28.97\n ],\n [\n -103.94,\n 29.27\n ],\n [\n -104.45697,\n 29.57196\n ],\n [\n -104.70575,\n 30.12173\n ],\n [\n -105.03737,\n 30.64402\n ],\n [\n -105.63159,\n 31.08383\n ],\n [\n -106.1429,\n 31.39995\n ],\n [\n -106.50759,\n 31.75452\n ],\n [\n -108.24,\n 31.75485\n ],\n [\n -108.24194,\n 31.34222\n ],\n [\n -109.035,\n 31.34194\n ],\n [\n -111.02361,\n 31.33472\n ],\n [\n -113.30498,\n 32.03914\n ],\n [\n -114.815,\n 32.52528\n ],\n [\n -114.72139,\n 32.72083\n ],\n [\n -115.99135,\n 32.61239\n ],\n [\n -117.12776,\n 32.53534\n ],\n [\n -117.29594,\n 33.04622\n ],\n [\n -117.944,\n 33.62124\n ],\n [\n -118.4106,\n 33.74091\n ],\n [\n -118.51989,\n 34.02778\n ],\n [\n -119.081,\n 34.078\n ],\n [\n -119.43884,\n 34.34848\n ],\n [\n -120.36778,\n 34.44711\n ],\n [\n -120.62286,\n 34.60855\n ],\n [\n -120.74433,\n 35.15686\n ],\n [\n -121.71457,\n 36.16153\n ],\n [\n -122.54747,\n 37.55176\n ],\n [\n -122.51201,\n 37.78339\n ],\n [\n -122.95319,\n 38.11371\n ],\n [\n -123.7272,\n 38.95166\n ],\n [\n -123.86517,\n 39.76699\n ],\n [\n -124.39807,\n 40.3132\n ],\n [\n -124.17886,\n 41.14202\n ],\n [\n -124.2137,\n 41.99964\n ],\n [\n -124.53284,\n 42.76599\n ],\n [\n -124.14214,\n 43.70838\n ],\n [\n -124.02053,\n 44.6159\n ],\n [\n -123.89893,\n 45.52341\n ],\n [\n -124.07963,\n 46.86475\n ],\n [\n -124.39567,\n 47.72017\n ],\n [\n -124.68721,\n 48.18443\n ],\n [\n -124.5661,\n 48.37971\n ],\n [\n -123.12,\n 48.04\n ],\n [\n -122.58736,\n 47.096\n ],\n [\n -122.34,\n 47.36\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 48.18\n ],\n [\n -122.84,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -117.03121,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -116.04818,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -110.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -107.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -104.04826,\n 48.99986\n ],\n [\n -100.65,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -97.22872,\n 49.0007\n ],\n [\n -95.15907,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -95.15609,\n 49.38425\n ],\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n ]\n },\n \"properties\": {\n \"name\": \"United States\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Release 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4917e4b0b290850eee09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gautier, Donald L. gautier@usgs.gov","contributorId":1310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautier","given":"Donald","email":"gautier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dolton, Gordon","contributorId":50509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolton","given":"Gordon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takahashi, Kenneth I.","contributorId":85954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takahashi","given":"Kenneth I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Varnes, Katharine L.","contributorId":106105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varnes","given":"Katharine L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":4857,"text":"ds32 - 1996 - National energy research seismic library; Powder River basin, Montana-Wyoming; surface reflection and vertical seismic profile data used in seismic-stratigraphic investigations for ground-water aquifers and hydrocarbon traps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-22T13:20:34.758894","indexId":"ds32","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"32","title":"National energy research seismic library; Powder River basin, Montana-Wyoming; surface reflection and vertical seismic profile data used in seismic-stratigraphic investigations for ground-water aquifers and hydrocarbon traps","docAbstract":"

This Digital Data Series publication contains both raw and processed seismic data recorded during the period 1975 through 1978 by several geophysical service companies under contract to the USGS in the following study areas of the Powder River Basin, Montana and Wyoming:

1. Powder River and Custer Counties, MT (T. 1 S., T. 1-2 N., R. 53-54 E.)
2. Carter County, MT (T. 57-58 N., R. 65 W.) and Crook County, WY (T. 9 S., R.57-58 E.)
3. Powder River and Carter Counties, MT (T. 8 S., R. 53-55 E.)
4. Niobrara County, WY (T. 36-38 N., R. 61-62 W.) and Weston County, WY (T. 45 N., R. 61 W.)

Four multichannel Vibroseis seismic lines, six Vertical Seismic Profiles (VSP's), and associated support material (observer's notes, X-Y coordinates, elevations of source and receivers, for example) are included. The raw (unprocessed) field data and a processed version of each surface profile and VSP are contained in standard SEG-Y format files; support material are in ASCII format text files. The processed surface data are versions which were reprocessed by the USGS in 1995 using state-of-the-art seismic data processing software.


","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds32","collaboration":"The USGS does not provide technical support for the software associated with this publication.","usgsCitation":"Miller, J.J., Lee, M.W., Ryder, R.T., and Balch, A.H., 1996, National energy research seismic library; Powder River basin, Montana-Wyoming; surface reflection and vertical seismic profile data used in seismic-stratigraphic investigations for ground-water aquifers and hydrocarbon traps: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 32, Application Site, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds32.","productDescription":"Application Site","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282967,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/032/application.zip","linkHelpText":"The original two 2 computer laser optical discs (CD-ROMs) that contain the data in this publication click are compressed into a single file (581 MB). To download this file, click on the link entitled \"Application Site\""}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.2675,43.03444444444444 ], [ -105.2675,45.16777777777777 ], [ -104.11749999999999,45.16777777777777 ], [ -104.11749999999999,43.03444444444444 ], [ -105.2675,43.03444444444444 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6983db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, John J. 0000-0002-9098-0967 jmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-0967","contributorId":3785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"John","email":"jmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryder, R. T.","contributorId":96673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Balch, A. H.","contributorId":104892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balch","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":4925,"text":"ds18B - 1996 - National Geochemical Data Base; 1, National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance (HSSR) data for Alaska, formatted for GSSREARCH data base search software; 2, NURE HHSR data formatted as dBASE files for Alaska and the conterminous United States; 3, NURE HSSR data as originally compiled by the Department of Energy for Alaska and the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-28T13:27:41","indexId":"ds18B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"18","chapter":"B","title":"National Geochemical Data Base; 1, National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance (HSSR) data for Alaska, formatted for GSSREARCH data base search software; 2, NURE HHSR data formatted as dBASE files for Alaska and the conterminous United States; 3, NURE HSSR data as originally compiled by the Department of Energy for Alaska and the conterminous United States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ds18B","issn":"1088-1018","collaboration":"The USGS does not provide technical support for the software associated with this publication.","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, J.D., and Buttleman, K.P., 1996, National Geochemical Data Base; 1, National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance (HSSR) data for Alaska, formatted for GSSREARCH data base search software; 2, NURE HHSR data formatted as dBASE files for Alaska and the conterminous United States; 3, NURE HSSR data as originally compiled by the Department of Energy for Alaska and the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 18, 1 computer laser optical disc ;4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds18B.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc ;4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282961,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/018b/application.zip"}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -168,54.75 ], [ -168,70.25 ], [ -130,70.25 ], [ -130,54.75 ], [ -168,54.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6984aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, J. D.","contributorId":8419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buttleman, Kim P. kbuttlem@usgs.gov","contributorId":4712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buttleman","given":"Kim","email":"kbuttlem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":150137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6711,"text":"fs11296 - 1996 - Selected reports of the U.S. Geological Survey on Water Resources in Mississippi, 1990-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-03T09:17:39","indexId":"fs11296","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"112-96","title":"Selected reports of the U.S. Geological Survey on Water Resources in Mississippi, 1990-96","docAbstract":"Results of water-resources data-collection programs and interpretive hydrologic studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) are published in reports and are made available to universities, State and local agencies, other Federal agencies, and the public. The following is a list of selected USGS reports on water resources in Mississippi published since 1990 and categorized according to the major emphasis of the report; these reports are available for inspection at the Mississippi District Office in Pearl, Mississippi.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs11296","usgsCitation":"Moss, C.P., 1996, Selected reports of the U.S. Geological Survey on Water Resources in Mississippi, 1990-96: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 112-96, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11296.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs11296.jpg"},{"id":285392,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0112-96/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.653,30.1741 ], [ -91.653,34.9961 ], [ -88.0994,34.9961 ], [ -88.0994,30.1741 ], [ -91.653,30.1741 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a03e4b07f02db5f826b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moss, Carol P.","contributorId":13970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5327,"text":"fs10496 - 1996 - U.S. Geological Survey technology transfer opportunity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-03T09:14:49","indexId":"fs10496","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"104-96","title":"U.S. Geological Survey technology transfer opportunity","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is interested in entering into a partnership with private industry for commercialization of the Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)-Common Software Platform (CSP) software.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs10496","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, U.S. Geological Survey technology transfer opportunity: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 104-96, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10496.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs10496.jpg"},{"id":285387,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0104-96/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db612186","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6044,"text":"pp1422C - 1996 - Hydrogeologic terranes and potential yield of water to wells in the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province in the eastern and southeastern United States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":6044,"text":"pp1422C - 1996 - Hydrogeologic terranes and potential yield of water to wells in the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province in the eastern and southeastern United States","indexId":"pp1422C","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Hydrogeologic terranes and potential yield of water to wells in the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province in the eastern and southeastern United States"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70189801,"text":"pp1422 - 2004 - Regional Aquifer-System Analysis— Appalachian Valley and Piedmont","indexId":"pp1422","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Regional Aquifer-System Analysis— Appalachian Valley and Piedmont"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70189801,"text":"pp1422 - 2004 - Regional Aquifer-System Analysis— Appalachian Valley and Piedmont","indexId":"pp1422","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Regional Aquifer-System Analysis— Appalachian Valley and Piedmont"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-28T22:58:47.462896","indexId":"pp1422C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1422","chapter":"C","title":"Hydrogeologic terranes and potential yield of water to wells in the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province in the eastern and southeastern United States","docAbstract":"

The Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province is underlain by deformed sedimentary rock of Paleozoic age including dolomite, limestone, shale, and sandstone. Regolith (soil, sediment, and weathered rock) covers the Paleozoic rock throughout most of the province. Local differences in lithology, structure, and weathering can result in four orders of magnitude variation in the water-yielding properties of the geologic units that underlie the area. Selected rock types, however, can account for a substantial part of this variation because of the unique way in which these dense, consolidated sedimentary rock types deform and weather to produce secondary openings.

On the basis of relations among rock type, water-yielding openings, and water-yielding properties (as indicated by specific capacity), the regolith and consolidated rock were classified and mapped as five hydrogeologic terranes alluvium, dolomite, limestone, argillaceous carbonate rock, and siliciclastic rock. The hydrogeologic terranes are named after the predominant outcrop lithology within them. The western toe of the Blue Ridge Mountains is classified as a subdivision of the dolomite hydrogeologic terrane that may produce yields of water in excess of 1,000 gallons per minute (gal/min) to public and industrial supply wells.

Specific-capacity data for homogeneous data sets, which consist of all wells that have the same characteristics in regard to casing diameter, primary use of the water, and topographic setting, revealed significant differences in water-yielding properties among the five hydrogeologic terranes. According to results of Tukey statistical tests at a probability (alpha level) of 0.05, 8 out of 10 pairs of hydrogeologic terranes (for example, alluvium/limestone) had significantly different median specific-capacity values. The median value for public and industrial supply wells in the western toe is three times greater than the value for comparable wells in the dolomite hydrogeologic terrane elsewhere.

Estimates of potential yields to public and industrial supply wells were calculated from specific-capacity data for most-productive wells, which have casing diameter of 7 in. or more, discharge water primarily for public or industrial supply, and are in a valley. Median constant drawdowns, calculated from reported drawdowns, were assumed to be between 10 and 90 ft for wells completed in each of the five hydrogeologic terranes, and well-entrance losses were assumed to be negligible. Estimated interquartile ranges in potential yields to 412 mostproductive wells in the five hydrogeologic terranes were 170 to 580 gal/min, alluvium; 210 to 1,400 gal/min, dolomite; 80 to 720 gal/min, limestone; 65 to 850 gal/min, argillaceous carbonate rock; and 70 to 280 gal/min, siliciclastic rock.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1422C","usgsCitation":"Hollyday, E., and Hileman, G.E., 1996, Hydrogeologic terranes and potential yield of water to wells in the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province in the eastern and southeastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1422, Report: vi, 30 p.; 5 Plates: 47.0 x 35.5 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1422C.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 30 p.; 5 Plates: 47.0 x 35.5 inches or smaller","startPage":"C1","endPage":"C30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110638,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76255.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"76255"},{"id":33018,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1422c/plate-4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 4"},{"id":33016,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1422c/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":33015,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1422c/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":118345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1422c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33019,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1422c/plate-5.pdf","text":"Plate 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 5"},{"id":33017,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1422c/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3"},{"id":33020,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1422c/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.34423828125,\n 41.85319643776675\n ],\n [\n -76.00341796875,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -76.904296875,\n 41.623655390686395\n ],\n [\n -78.3544921875,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n -79.38720703125,\n 40.27952566881291\n ],\n [\n -80.09033203125,\n 39.85915479295669\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 38.89103282648846\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 37.71859032558816\n ],\n [\n -83.78173828125,\n 36.96744946416934\n ],\n [\n -86.37451171875,\n 36.12012758978146\n ],\n [\n -87.14355468749999,\n 35.817813158696616\n ],\n [\n -87.7587890625,\n 35.263561862152095\n ],\n [\n -87.60498046875,\n 33.26624989076275\n ],\n [\n -87.14355468749999,\n 32.879587173066305\n ],\n [\n -86.19873046875,\n 33.00866349457558\n ],\n [\n -86.15478515625,\n 33.8521697014074\n ],\n [\n -86.30859375,\n 34.75966612466248\n ],\n [\n -85.7373046875,\n 35.42486791930558\n ],\n [\n -84.88037109375,\n 35.764343479667176\n ],\n [\n -83.12255859375,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 37.68382032669382\n ],\n [\n -79.91455078125,\n 39.04478604850143\n ],\n [\n -78.8818359375,\n 40.027614437486655\n ],\n [\n -77.49755859375,\n 40.730608477796636\n ],\n [\n -76.48681640625,\n 41.11246878918088\n ],\n [\n -75.34423828125,\n 41.393294288784865\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -75.34423828125,\n 41.85319643776675\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db6860e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hollyday, E. F.","contributorId":95062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollyday","given":"E. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hileman, G. E.","contributorId":11639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hileman","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5398,"text":"fs14296 - 1996 - Technology transfer opportunities: partnership opportunities for states: U.S. Geological Survey assistance to state business economy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-10T09:51:00","indexId":"fs14296","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"142-96","title":"Technology transfer opportunities: partnership opportunities for states: U.S. Geological Survey assistance to state business economy","docAbstract":"As a research and information laboratory of\nthe Federal government, the U.S.\nGeological Survey (USGS) is committed to\nmaking its developments readily available\nto customers within the private sector. The\nUSGS is the Nation's premier earth science\nagency, providing unique scientific data\nand technology in the areas of natural\nhazards, environment, resources, and\ninformation. Often USGS research and\ninformation activities lead to developments\nthat have significant commercial\napplications and that can help increase the\nglobal competitiveness of our domestic\neconomy. The agency uses a proactive\ntechnology transfer program to encourage\nthe adoption and use of these\ndevelopments. In addition, the agency\nwelcomes collaborative opportunities with\nprivate industry.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs14296","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, Technology transfer opportunities: partnership opportunities for states: U.S. Geological Survey assistance to state business economy (Revised 4/96): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 142-96, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs14296.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":580,"text":"Technology Transfer Office","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286138,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0142-96/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":286137,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0142-96/report.pdf"}],"edition":"Revised 4/96","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685a61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5135,"text":"fs15496 - 1996 - Technology transfer opportunities : partnerships : a computer program for calculating mineral size distributions from X-ray diffraction data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:47","indexId":"fs15496","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"154-96","title":"Technology transfer opportunities : partnerships : a computer program for calculating mineral size distributions from X-ray diffraction data","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs15496","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, Technology transfer opportunities : partnerships : a computer program for calculating mineral size distributions from X-ray diffraction data (Rev.June 1996): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 154-96, [2] sheets ; 28 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/fs15496.","productDescription":"[2] sheets ; 28 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_154_96.jpg"},{"id":546,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/tech-transfer/factsheets/5-mineral.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Rev.June 1996","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa183","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5582,"text":"fs20796 - 1996 - Land characteristics data on CD-ROM","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-15T17:28:14","indexId":"fs20796","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"207-96","title":"Land characteristics data on CD-ROM","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) publishes land characteristics data on CD-ROM. The following lists the types of products and their contents and specifications. The discs cost $32 each, plus a $5.00 handling fee per order mailed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20796","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, Land characteristics data on CD-ROM: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 207-96, 1 sheet ; 28 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20796.","productDescription":"1 sheet ; 28 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0207/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32105,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0207/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b31e4b07f02db6b419b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4880,"text":"ds6 - 1996 - Stratigraphic nomenclature databases for the United States, its possessions and territories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:50","indexId":"ds6","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"Stratigraphic nomenclature databases for the United States, its possessions and territories","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey ;USGS Distribution Branch],","doi":"10.3133/ds6","issn":"1088-1018","usgsCitation":"Mac Lachlan, M.E., Murdock, C.R., Hubert, M.L., Bryant, W., Judkins, T., Williams, O., Koozmin, E., Orndorff, R.C., Starratt, S., and Le Compte, J., 1996, Stratigraphic nomenclature databases for the United States, its possessions and territories (Release 3): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 6, 1 computer laser optical disc :col. ;4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds6.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc :col. ;4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Release 3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aebf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mac Lachlan, M. E. (compiler)","contributorId":97373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac Lachlan","given":"M.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murdock, Cynthia R.","contributorId":31754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdock","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hubert, Marilyn L.","contributorId":48168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bryant, W. A.","contributorId":56255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"W. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Judkins, T.W.","contributorId":54064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Judkins","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Williams, O.B.","contributorId":96282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"O.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Koozmin, E.D.","contributorId":14691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koozmin","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Orndorff, R. C.","contributorId":17613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Starratt, S. W.","contributorId":89145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starratt","given":"S. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Le Compte, J. R.","contributorId":41816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le Compte","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":28875,"text":"wri944161 - 1996 - Hydrology, water quality, and effects of drought in Monroe County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T11:02:38","indexId":"wri944161","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4161","title":"Hydrology, water quality, and effects of drought in Monroe County, Michigan","docAbstract":"

Monroe County relies heavily on its aquifers and streams for drinking water, irrigation, and other ~ses; however, increased water use, high concentrations of certain constituents in ground water, and droughts may limit the availability of water resources. Although the most densely populated parts of the county use water from the Great Lakes, large amounts of ground water are withdrawn for quarry dewatering, domestic supply, and irrigation.

Unconsolidated deposits and bedrock of Silurian and Devonian age underlie Mon_roe County. The unconsolidated deposits are mostly clayey and less than 50 feet thick. Usable amounts of ground water generally are obtained from thin, discontinuous surficial sand deposits or, in the northwestern part of the county, from deep glaciofluvial deposits. In most of the county, however, ground water in unconsolidated deposits is highly susceptible to effects of droughts and to contamination.

The bedrock is mostly carbonate rock, and usable quantities of ground water can be obtained from fractures and other secondary openings throughout the county. Transmissivities of the Silurian-Devonian aquifer range from 10 to 6,600 feet squared per day. Aquifer tests and historical informati.on indicate that the Silurian-Devonian aquifer is confmed throughout most of the county. The major recharge area for the Silurian-Devonian aquifer in Monroe County is in the southwest, and groundwater flow is mostly southeastward toward Lake Erie. In the northeastern and southeastern parts of the county, the potentiometric surface of the SilurianDevonian aquifers has been lowered by pumpage to below the elevation of Lake Erie.

Streams and artificial drains in Monroe County are tributary to Lake Erie. Most streams are perennial because of sustained discharge from the sand aquifer and the Silurian-Devonian aquifer; however, the lower reaches of River Raisin and Plum Creek lost water to the Silurian-Devonian aquifer in July 1990.

The quality of ground water and of streamwater at low flow is suitable for most domestic u~es, irrigation, and recreation. In ground water, dissolved solids and hydrogen sulfide are present at concentrations objectionable to some users. Indicators of ground-water contamination from agricultural activities-pesticides and nitrates-were not present at detectable concentrations or were below U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) limits. In streamwater, some treatment to remove bacteria may be necessary in summer months; nitrate concentrations, however, were found to be below USEPA limits.

Tritium concentrations indicative of recent recharge to the Silurian-Devonian aquifer are present in a southwest-to-northeast-trending band from Whiteford to Berlin Townships. Generally, where glacial deposits are thicker than 30 feet, rech~rge.takes more than 40 years. Carbon isotope data md1cate that some of the ground water in the Silurian-Devonian aquifer is more than 14,000 years old.

Mild droughts are common in Michigan, but long severe droughts, such as those during 1930-37 and 1960-67, are infrequent. The most recent drought, during 1988, was severe but short. Ground-water levels declined throughout the county; the largest declines were probably in the southwest. Shallow bedrock wells completed in only the upper part of the Silurian-Devonian aquifer and near large uses of ground water were especially susceptible to the effects of drought. Deep bedrock wells continued to produce water through the drought of 1988.

During droughts, streamflow is reduced because of low ground-water levels and high consumptive uses of surface water. In 1988, annual discharge on the River Raisin was near normal, but monthly averages were below normal from March through August. The quality of surface water during droughts is similar to that during normal lowflow conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri944161","usgsCitation":"Nicholas, J., Rowe, G.L., and Brannen, J., 1996, Hydrology, water quality, and effects of drought in Monroe County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4161, x, 169 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944161.","productDescription":"x, 169 p.","numberOfPages":"186","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4161/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":343690,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4161/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Monroe County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-83.2756,42.0749],[-83.2665,42.0719],[-83.2584,42.0731],[-83.2514,42.0647],[-83.2466,42.0614],[-83.2362,42.0593],[-83.2301,42.056],[-83.2272,42.0518],[-83.2217,42.0503],[-83.2176,42.0475],[-83.2141,42.0429],[-83.2047,42.044],[-83.1887,42.0309],[-83.1923,42.0323],[-83.1942,42.031],[-83.1972,42.0329],[-83.2008,42.0348],[-83.2046,42.0344],[-83.2055,42.0281],[-83.2027,42.0212],[-83.2048,42.0158],[-83.2079,42.0159],[-83.2039,42.0085],[-83.2084,42.0046],[-83.2068,41.9995],[-83.2182,41.9934],[-83.2278,41.9864],[-83.2386,41.9799],[-83.2425,41.9763],[-83.2463,41.9751],[-83.2512,41.9752],[-83.2571,41.9808],[-83.2626,41.9818],[-83.2633,41.9809],[-83.2646,41.9801],[-83.2508,41.9715],[-83.249,41.9688],[-83.2518,41.9634],[-83.2551,41.9576],[-83.256,41.9526],[-83.2525,41.9484],[-83.252,41.9457],[-83.2533,41.9434],[-83.259,41.9408],[-83.2616,41.9382],[-83.2629,41.9355],[-83.2653,41.9369],[-83.2768,41.9427],[-83.2927,41.9453],[-83.2946,41.9449],[-83.3008,41.9437],[-83.3128,41.9376],[-83.3225,41.9283],[-83.3278,41.9217],[-83.3295,41.9099],[-83.3307,41.8986],[-83.3327,41.8941],[-83.336,41.8887],[-83.3369,41.8842],[-83.3392,41.8861],[-83.3408,41.892],[-83.3445,41.8925],[-83.3484,41.889],[-83.3514,41.8909],[-83.3556,41.8933],[-83.3617,41.8952],[-83.3656,41.8903],[-83.3632,41.8875],[-83.356,41.8837],[-83.3556,41.8796],[-83.3581,41.8788],[-83.3636,41.8789],[-83.3675,41.8749],[-83.3731,41.8741],[-83.3807,41.8689],[-83.3891,41.86],[-83.3943,41.8538],[-83.3978,41.8461],[-83.405,41.8363],[-83.4122,41.8251],[-83.4186,41.8216],[-83.4235,41.8213],[-83.4253,41.8214],[-83.438,41.813],[-83.4416,41.8027],[-83.4396,41.7913],[-83.4353,41.7775],[-83.4304,41.7633],[-83.4236,41.7482],[-83.4214,41.7431],[-83.4222,41.7381],[-83.426,41.7364],[-83.4302,41.7383],[-83.4294,41.7433],[-83.4291,41.7506],[-83.4326,41.7543],[-83.4324,41.7593],[-83.4335,41.7611],[-83.4445,41.7768],[-83.443,41.7841],[-83.4459,41.7891],[-83.4438,41.7936],[-83.4463,41.7937],[-83.4534,41.7861],[-83.4589,41.7872],[-83.459,41.7854],[-83.4547,41.7834],[-83.4551,41.7762],[-83.4446,41.7618],[-83.4465,41.7596],[-83.4538,41.7625],[-83.4655,41.7632],[-83.4711,41.7602],[-83.4707,41.7565],[-83.4744,41.7553],[-83.4739,41.753],[-83.4665,41.7533],[-83.4624,41.7495],[-83.4637,41.7464],[-83.4675,41.7442],[-83.4737,41.7435],[-83.4774,41.7435],[-83.4781,41.7422],[-83.4751,41.7403],[-83.4796,41.7363],[-83.484,41.7328],[-83.7663,41.7229],[-83.7714,41.9068],[-83.7763,42.0823],[-83.6563,42.0833],[-83.5399,42.0853],[-83.4235,42.0876],[-83.4233,42.0921],[-83.3088,42.0943],[-83.2952,42.0944],[-83.2885,42.0906],[-83.2849,42.0892],[-83.2802,42.0827],[-83.2779,42.0786],[-83.2756,42.0749]]],[[[-83.4507,41.7338],[-83.4611,41.7338],[-83.4586,41.7367],[-83.4566,41.7403],[-83.4535,41.7416],[-83.4505,41.7402],[-83.4487,41.7383],[-83.4494,41.737],[-83.4507,41.7338]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Monroe\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}\n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc70f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholas, J.R.","contributorId":26673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholas","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowe, Gary L. glrowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Gary","email":"glrowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":200542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brannen, J.R.","contributorId":37376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brannen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30763,"text":"fs07896 - 1996 - US GeoData Digital Line Graphs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-16T17:16:06","indexId":"fs07896","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"078-96","title":"US GeoData Digital Line Graphs","docAbstract":"Digital line graph (DLG) data are digital representations of cartographic information. DLG?s of map features are digital vectors converted from maps and related sources. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) DLG data are classified as large, intermediate, and small scale.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs07896","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, US GeoData Digital Line Graphs: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 078-96, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs07896.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0078/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59485,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0078/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611a6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26548,"text":"wri934007 - 1996 - Methane-concentration and methane-isotope data for ground water and soil gas in the Animas River Valley, Colorado and New Mexico, 1990-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:20","indexId":"wri934007","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4007","title":"Methane-concentration and methane-isotope data for ground water and soil gas in the Animas River Valley, Colorado and New Mexico, 1990-91","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934007","usgsCitation":"Chafin, D.T., Swanson, D.M., and Grey, D.W., 1996, Methane-concentration and methane-isotope data for ground water and soil gas in the Animas River Valley, Colorado and New Mexico, 1990-91 (Revision - 1996): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4007, vi, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934007.","productDescription":"vi, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55416,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264580,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4007/plate-1.pdf","size":"15640","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Revision - 1996","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629971","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chafin, Daniel T.","contributorId":77500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chafin","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, David M.","contributorId":12520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grey, David W.","contributorId":36969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grey","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27746,"text":"wri954140 - 1996 - Adjustment of regional regression models of urban-runoff quality using data for Chattanooga, Knoxville, and Nashville, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri954140","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4140","title":"Adjustment of regional regression models of urban-runoff quality using data for Chattanooga, Knoxville, and Nashville, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Model-adjustment procedures were applied to the combined data bases of storm-runoff quality for Chattanooga, Knoxville, and Nashville, Tennessee, to improve predictive accuracy for storm-runoff quality for urban watersheds in these three cities and throughout Middle and East Tennessee. Data for 45 storms at 15 different sites (five sites in each city) constitute the data base. Comparison of observed values of storm-runoff load and event-mean concentration to the predicted values from the regional regression models for 10 constituents shows prediction errors, as large as 806,000 percent. Model-adjustment procedures, which combine the regional model predictions with local data, are applied to improve predictive accuracy. Standard error of estimate after model adjustment ranges from 67 to 322 percent. Calibration results may be biased due to sampling error in the Tennessee data base. The relatively large values of standard error of estimate for some of the constituent models, although representing significant reduction (at least 50 percent) in prediction error compared to estimation with unadjusted regional models, may be unacceptable for some applications. The user may wish to collect additional local data for these constituents and repeat the analysis, or calibrate an independent local regression model.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Report Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954140","usgsCitation":"Hoos, A.B., and Patel, A.R., 1996, Adjustment of regional regression models of urban-runoff quality using data for Chattanooga, Knoxville, and Nashville, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4140, iv, 12 p. :ill ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954140.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p. :ill ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4140/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56591,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4140/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69776b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoos, Anne B. abhoos@usgs.gov","contributorId":2236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoos","given":"Anne","email":"abhoos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":198632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patel, Anant R.","contributorId":57500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patel","given":"Anant","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27571,"text":"wri964100 - 1996 - Using a geographic information system and scanning technology to create high-resolution land-use data sets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-11T16:38:06.387214","indexId":"wri964100","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4100","title":"Using a geographic information system and scanning technology to create high-resolution land-use data sets","docAbstract":"

A geographic information system (GIS) procedure was developed to compile low-altitude aerial photography, digitized data, and land-use data from U.S. Department of Agriculture Consolidated Farm Service Agency (CFSA) offices into a high-resolution (approximately 5 meters) land-use GIS data set. The aerial photography consisted of 35-mm slides which were scanned into tagged information file format (TIFF) images. These TIFF images were then imported into the GIS where they were registered into a geographically referenced coordinate system. Boundaries between land use were delineated from these GIS data sets using on-screen digitizing techniques. Crop types were determined using information obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture CFSA offices. Crop information not supplied by the CFSA was attributed by manual classification procedures. Automated methods to provide delineation of the field boundaries and land-use classification were investigated. It was determined that using these data sources, automated methods were less efficient and accurate than manual methods of delineating field boundaries and classifying land use.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/wri964100","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Harvey, C.A., Kolpin, D.W., and Battaglin, W.A., 1996, Using a geographic information system and scanning technology to create high-resolution land-use data sets: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4100, iv, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964100.","productDescription":"iv, 41 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95643,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4100/report.pdf","size":"4831","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4100/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603c82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Craig A.","contributorId":103325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30323,"text":"wri944017 - 1996 - Selected geochemical characteristics of ground water from the Glaciofluvial aquifer in the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T10:59:27","indexId":"wri944017","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4017","title":"Selected geochemical characteristics of ground water from the Glaciofluvial aquifer in the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan","docAbstract":"

Chemical and stable-isotope data for water from wells completed in the Glaciofluvial aquifer in the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan were used to prepare maps that show the areal variation of 8180; distribution of dissolved solids, dissolved chloride, dissolved iron, and dissolved sulfate; and distribution of hydrochemical facies. Delta oxygen-18 values indicate the presence of modem meteoric water (6180 approximately 40 parts per thousand) and glacial-age meteoric water, which is isotopically light 0180 less than -15 parts per thousand). Isotopically light ground water is present in the Saginaw Bay Area in the eastern part of the study area. Dissolved-solids concentrations are generally less than 1,000 milligrams per liter, and dissolved-chloride concentrations are generally less than 100 milligrams per liter. These concentrations are greatest in ground water from the Saginaw Bay Area where measured concentrations are as large as 12,000 milligrams per liter for dissolved solids and 6,700 milligrams per liter for dissolved chloride. Dissolved-iron concentrations range from 0.001 to 6.0 milligrams per liter. Dissolved-sulfate concentrations range from 1 to 1,800 milligrams per liter. Most ground water from the Glaciofluvial aquifer is classified as a calcium bicarbonate type. In the Saginaw Bay Area, ground water is a sodium chloride type.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944017","usgsCitation":"Wahrer, M., Long, D., and Lee, R.W., 1996, Selected geochemical characteristics of ground water from the Glaciofluvial aquifer in the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4017, iv, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944017.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343688,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4017/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4017/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.484375,\n 42.07376224008719\n ],\n [\n -82.81494140625,\n 42.07376224008719\n ],\n [\n -82.81494140625,\n 44.75453548416007\n ],\n [\n -86.484375,\n 44.75453548416007\n ],\n [\n -86.484375,\n 42.07376224008719\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa597","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahrer, M.A.","contributorId":13279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahrer","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, D.T.","contributorId":67930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, R. W.","contributorId":86757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27282,"text":"wri964072 - 1996 - Peak-flow frequency and extreme flood potential for streams in the vicinity of the Highland Lakes, central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T10:50:53","indexId":"wri964072","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4072","title":"Peak-flow frequency and extreme flood potential for streams in the vicinity of the Highland Lakes, central Texas","docAbstract":"

The Highland Lakes on the Colorado River are in an area periodically threatened by large storms and floods. Many storms exceeding 10 inches (in.) in depth have been documented in the area, including some with depths approaching 40 in. These storms typically produce large peak discharges that often threaten lives and property. The storms sometimes occur with little warning. Steep stream slopes and thin soils characteristic of the area often cause large peak discharges and rapid movement of floods through watersheds. A procedure to predict the discharge associated with large floods is needed for the area so that appropriate peak discharges can be used in the design of flood plains, bridges, and other structures.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Lower Colorado River Authority (LCRA), studied flood peaks for streams in the vicinity of the Highland Lakes of central Texas. The Highland Lakes are a series of reservoirs constructed on the Colorado River. The chain of lakes (and year each was completed) comprises Lake Buchanan (1937), Inks Lake (1938), Lake Lyndon B. Johnson (1950), Lake Marble Falls (1951), Lake Travis (1942), and lake Austin (1890). The study area (fig. 1), which includes all or parts of 21 counties in the vicinity of the Highland Lakes, was selected because most streams in the area have flood characteristics similar to streams entering the Highland Lakes. The entire study area is in a region subject to large storms.

The purpose of this report is to present (1) peak-flow frequency data for stations and equations to estimate peak-flow frequency for large streams with natural drainage basins in the vicinity of the Highland Lakes, and (2) a technique to estimate the extreme flood peak discharges for the large streams in the vicinity of the Highland Lakes. Peak-flow frequency in this report refers to the peak discharges for recurrence intervals of 2,5, 10,25,50, and 100 years. A large stream is defined as having a contributing drainage area of at least0.5 square mile (mi’); and a natural drainage basin has less than 10 percent impervious cover and less than 10 percent of its drainage area controlled by reservoirs.

The mean annual precipitation in the study area for 1951–80 ranges from about 20 in, in western Kimble County to about 34 in. at the eastern edge of Williamson County (Riggio and others, 1987, p. 23). Many large storms and catastrophic floods have occurred along or in the adjacent area west of the Balcones escarpment (fig. 1) (Dalrymple and others, 1939, Breeding and Dalrymple, 1944; Breeding and Montgomery, 1954; Schroeder and others, 1979; Caran and Baker, 1986; Slade, 1986; and Hejl and others, 1996). About a dozen storms with precipitation depths exceeding 15 in. in a few days or less have been documented in this area during the past 60 years. Some of these storms have produced world-record precipitation depths for durations less than 48 hours. The documentation for these and for other large storms indicates that they are not uniformly distributed temporally or spatially; therefore, the recurrence intervals for such storms cannot be verified (Slade, 1986, p. 17). These large storms can cause flood peaks that would exceed those that can be predicted accurately by analyses of available precipitation or flood data.

The peak-flow frequency was estimated for each of 55 qualified stations in the study area (table 1) following guidelines established by the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data (1982). Qualified streamflow-gaging stations for the study area are those with at least 8 years of data from natural drainage basins (sites 1–55, fig. 1). Equations to estimate peak-flow frequency for large streams with natural drainage basins in the vicinity of the Highland Lakes were developed. These equations were developed from selected stations on the basis of the relation between peak-flow frequency and basin characteristics for each station. The entire period of systematic record (through 1993) was used in the frequency analyses for each qualified station except for stations at which streamflow was regulated during part of the record. These stations are Leon River near Belton (site 1): Lampasas River near Youngsport (site 5); North Fork San Gabriel River near Georgetown (site 6); San Gabriel River at Laneport (site 12); Brady Creek at Brady (site 16); San Saba River at San Saba (site 18); Rebecca Creek near Spring Branch (site 51); and Cibolo Creek near Boerne (site 54). One or more reservoirs were completed in the basin of each of these stations during the period of systematic record. These reservoirs caused the annual peak discharges to become regulated. The annual peak discharges for 1994 and 1995 at Sandy Creek near Kingsland (site 28) were used to include data associated with extreme flooding that occurred in 1995.

The extreme flood potential in the study area was investigated using an \"envelope\" or \"extreme flood potential\" curve. This curve is based on the relation between the contributing drainage area and (1) the maximum peak discharge of record for each qualified station (table 1); (2) substantial peak discharges documented for 84 sites without stations (sites 56–139, fig. 1, table 2); and (3) 100-year peak discharges from peak-flow frequency for stations (table 1). Peak discharges estimated from this curve represent the extreme flood potential for the study area.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri964072","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lower Colorado River Authority","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W.H., Slade, R., and Lanning-Rush, J., 1996, Peak-flow frequency and extreme flood potential for streams in the vicinity of the Highland Lakes, central Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4072, Plate: 40.00 x 32.86 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964072.","productDescription":"Plate: 40.00 x 32.86 inches","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri964072.JPG"},{"id":56161,"rank":399,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4072/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slade, R.M.","contributorId":84364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lanning-Rush, Jennifer","contributorId":38981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanning-Rush","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44861,"text":"wri954276 - 1996 - Estimated Freshwater Withdrawals in Oklahoma, 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:11","indexId":"wri954276","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4276","title":"Estimated Freshwater Withdrawals in Oklahoma, 1990","docAbstract":"This report presents 1990 freshwater withdrawal estimates for Oklahoma by source and category. Withdrawal source is either ground water or surface water. Withdrawal categories include: irrigation, water supply, livestock, thermoelectric-power generation, domestic and commercial, and industrial and mining. Withdrawal data are aggregated by county, major aquifer, and principal river basin. Only the four major categories of irrigation, water supply, livestock, and thermoelectric-power generation are illustrated in this report, although data for all categories are tabulated. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) established the National Water-Use Information Program in 1977 to collect uniform, current, and reliable information on water use. The Oklahoma District of the USGS and the Oklahoma Water Resources Board participate in a cooperative program to collect and publish water-use information for Oklahoma. Data contained in this report were made available through the cooperative program.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri954276","usgsCitation":"Lurry, D.L., and Tortorelli, R.L., 1996, Estimated Freshwater Withdrawals in Oklahoma, 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4276, 16 maps on 2 sheets : col. ; sheets 66 x 89 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954276.","productDescription":"16 maps on 2 sheets : col. ; sheets 66 x 89 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":82220,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4276/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82221,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4276/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdcca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lurry, Dee L.","contributorId":10766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lurry","given":"Dee","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tortorelli, Robert L.","contributorId":65071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tortorelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44863,"text":"wri954287 - 1996 - Description, instructions, and verification for Basinsoft, a computer program to quantify drainage- basin characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-21T13:47:36","indexId":"wri954287","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4287","title":"Description, instructions, and verification for Basinsoft, a computer program to quantify drainage- basin characteristics","docAbstract":"

Basinsoft is a computer program developed to utilize digital cartographic data to quantify 27 selected morphometric characteristics and optional area-weighted characteristics for a drainage basin. The programs comprising Basinsoft were written in Arc Macro Language (AML), a post-processing language written to run in ARC/INFO, a proprietary geographic information system (GIS). Basinsoft requires the generation of four source-data layers, three coverages and one lattice, representing the drainage-divide, hydrography, hypsography, and a lattice elevation model of a drainage basin, and the attribution of the three source-data layer coverages. Preprocessing of these data layers is facilitated by specialized utility AML programs. Compared to manual methods of measurement, Basinsoft significantly decreases the amount of time and effort required to quantify selected characteristics for drainage basins, particularly when a large number of drainage basins need to be processed. The automaticity of Basinsoft and its utility programs facilitate implementation of Basinsoft without requiring extensive GIS experience. Basinsoft was developed entirely using AML to ensure portability between platforms running ARC/INFO version 7.0 or later.

\n

Statistical comparison tests indicate Basinsoft quantifications are not significantly different from manual topographic-map measurements for 9 of 10 basin characteristics tested. The results also indicate that elevation contours generated by ARC/INFO from l:250,000-scale digital elevation model (DEM) data are over-generalized when compared to elevation contours shown on l:250,000-scale topographic maps, and that quantification of basin-slope thus is underestimated using DEM data. A qualitative comparison test indicated that the Basinsoft module used to quantify basin slope is valid and that differences in the quantification of basin slope are due to sourcedata differences.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/wri954287","usgsCitation":"Harvey, C.A., and Eash, D.A., 1996, Description, instructions, and verification for Basinsoft, a computer program to quantify drainage- basin characteristics: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4287, vi, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954287.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":99333,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4287/report.pdf","size":"2690","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4287/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66928b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Craig A.","contributorId":103325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eash, David A. 0000-0002-2749-8959 daeash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-8959","contributorId":1887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"David","email":"daeash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44374,"text":"ofr96651 - 1996 - Evaluation of shorelines along Lake Mohave, Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Nevada and Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:10","indexId":"ofr96651","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-651","title":"Evaluation of shorelines along Lake Mohave, Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Nevada and Arizona","docAbstract":"The hdpw (head-in-a-pumping-well) program described in this report is a post-processor that calculates the head in a pumping well based on thesimulated head at a finite-difference model cell that contains the well. The calculations are based on the Thiem equation. The hdpw code works with the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model, which is commonly called MODFLOW. The hdpw code is a complete program that has incorporated many of MODFLOW subroutines to read data. Code was added to the well package to calculate the head and drawdown in a fully-penetrating well of finite radius.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr96651","usgsCitation":"Workman, J.B., 1996, Evaluation of shorelines along Lake Mohave, Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Nevada and Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-651, 1 map : col. ; 113 x 46 cm., folded in envelope 22 x 24 cm. + 1 text (4 leaves ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96651.","productDescription":"1 map : col. ; 113 x 46 cm., folded in envelope 22 x 24 cm. + 1 text (4 leaves ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0651/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":81662,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0651/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81663,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0651/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.86666666666666,35 ], [ -114.86666666666666,36 ], [ -114.36749999999999,36 ], [ -114.36749999999999,35 ], [ -114.86666666666666,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fab96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Workman, Jeremiah B. 0000-0001-7816-6420 jworkman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7816-6420","contributorId":714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Workman","given":"Jeremiah","email":"jworkman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":229659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}