The Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with State, Federal, and other local governmental agencies, obtains a large amount of data pertaining to the water resources of Arkansas each year. These data, accumulated during many water years, constitute a valuable data base for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State.
Water resources data reported for the 1995 water year for Arkansas consist of records of discharge and water quality (physical measurements and chemical concentrations) of streams; water quality of lakes; and ground-water levels and ground-water quality. Data from selected sites in Missouri and Oklahoma are also included. This report contains daily discharge records for 49surface-water gaging stations and four daily sediment stations; water quality for 146 surface-water stations, 110 ground-water quality wells and springs, 8 ground-water-level observation wells, and one precipitation-quality station. Also included are data for 102 peak-discharge partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Information System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with State and Federal agencies in Arkansas.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbf45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porter, J.E.","contributorId":51779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, D.A.","contributorId":8551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pugh, A.L.","contributorId":65493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugh","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":55822,"text":"wdrNM951 - 1996 - Water resources data, New Mexico, water year 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-15T14:50:19","indexId":"wdrNM951","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NM-95-1","title":"Water resources data, New Mexico, water year 1995","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 1995 water year for New Mexico consist of records of discharge and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality in wells and springs. This report contains discharge records for 194 gaging stations; stage and contents\nfor 26 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 53 gaging stations and 112 wells; and water levels at 128 observation wells. Also included are 106 crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in New Mexico.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrNM951","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of New Mexico and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Ortiz, D., and Lange, K.M., 1996, Water resources data, New Mexico, water year 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NM-95-1, 644 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNM951.","productDescription":"644 p.","costCenters":[{"id":626,"text":"Water Resources Data","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270303,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1995/nm-95-1/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0502,31.3322 ], [ -109.0502,37.0003 ], [ -103.002,37.0003 ], [ -103.002,31.3322 ], [ -109.0502,31.3322 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0ed3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ortiz, David","contributorId":75630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortiz","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lange, K. M.","contributorId":104146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lange","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44310,"text":"ofr96739 - 1996 - City of Flagstaff Project: Ground Water Resource Evaluation, Remote Sensing Component","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:05","indexId":"ofr96739","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-739","title":"City of Flagstaff Project: Ground Water Resource Evaluation, Remote Sensing Component","docAbstract":"Many regions, cities, and towns in the Western United States need new or expanded water resources because of both population growth and increased development. Any tools or data that can help in the evaluation of an area's potential water resources must be considered for this increasingly critical need. Remotely sensed satellite images and subsequent digital image processing have been under-utilized in ground water resource evaluation and exploration. Satellite images can be helpful in detecting and mapping an area's regional structural patterns, including major fracture and fault systems, two important geologic settings for an area's surface to ground water relations. Within the United States Geological Survey's (USGS) Flagstaff Field Center, expertise and capabilities in remote sensing and digital image processing have been developed over the past 25 years through various programs. For the City of Flagstaff project, this expertise and these capabilities were combined with traditional geologic field mapping to help evaluate ground water resources in the Flagstaff area. Various enhancement and manipulation procedures were applied to the digital satellite images; the results, in both digital and hardcopy format, were used for field mapping and analyzing the regional structure. \r\n\r\nRelative to surface sampling, remotely sensed satellite and airborne images have improved spatial coverage that can help study, map, and monitor the earth surface at local and/or regional scales. Advantages offered by remotely sensed satellite image data include: \r\n1. a synoptic/regional view compared to both aerial photographs and ground sampling, \r\n2. cost effectiveness, \r\n3. high spatial resolution and coverage compared to ground sampling, and \r\n4. relatively high temporal coverage on a long term basis.\r\n\r\nRemotely sensed images contain both spectral and spatial information. The spectral information provides various properties and characteristics about the surface cover at a given location or pixel (that is, vegetation and/or soil type). The spatial information gives the distribution, variation, and topographic relief of the cover types from pixel to pixel. Therefore, the main characteristics that determine a pixel's brightness/reflectance and, consequently, the digital number (DN) assigned to the pixel, are the physical properties of the surface and near surface, the cover type, and the topographic slope. In this application, the ability to detect and map lineaments, especially those related to fractures and faults, is critical. Therefore, the extraction of spatial information from the digital images was of prime interest in this project. The spatial information varies among the different spectral bands available; in particular, a near infrared spectral band is better than a visible band when extracting spatial information in highly vegetated areas. In this study, both visible and near infrared bands were analyzed and used to extract the desired spatial information from the images. \r\n\r\nThe wide swath coverage of remotely sensed satellite digital images makes them ideal for regional analysis and mapping. Since locating and mapping highly fractured and faulted areas is a major requirement for ground water resource evaluation and exploration this aspect of satellite images was considered critical; it allowed us to stand back (actually up about 440 miles), look at, and map the regional structural setting of the area. The main focus of the remote sensing and digital image processing component of this project was to use both remotely sensed digital satellite images and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to extract spatial information related to the structural and topographic patterns in the area. The data types used were digital satellite images collected by the United States' Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and French Systeme Probatoire d'Observation de laTerre (SPOT) imaging systems, along with a DEM of the Flagstaff region. The USGS Mini Image Processing Sy","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr96739","usgsCitation":"Chavez, P.S., Velasco, M.G., Bowell, J., Sides, S., Gonzalez, R.R., and Soltesz, D.L., 1996, City of Flagstaff Project: Ground Water Resource Evaluation, Remote Sensing Component: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-739, Images, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96739.","productDescription":"Images","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":273,"text":"Flagstaff Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672c1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chavez, Pat S. Jr.","contributorId":39870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavez","given":"Pat","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Velasco, Miguel G. 0000-0003-2559-7934 mvelasco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2559-7934","contributorId":2103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velasco","given":"Miguel","email":"mvelasco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":229531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowell, Jo-Ann","contributorId":103722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowell","given":"Jo-Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sides, Stuart C. ssides@usgs.gov","contributorId":5055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sides","given":"Stuart C.","email":"ssides@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":229532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gonzalez, Rosendo R.","contributorId":64093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Rosendo","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Soltesz, Deborah L.","contributorId":59680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soltesz","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":49822,"text":"ofr96405 - 1996 - Level II scour analysis for Bridge 37 (BARTTH00080037) on Town Highway 8, crossing Willoughby River, Barton, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-10T14:23:31","indexId":"ofr96405","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-405","title":"Level II scour analysis for Bridge 37 (BARTTH00080037) on Town Highway 8, crossing Willoughby River, Barton, Vermont","docAbstract":"This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure \nBARTTH00080037 on town highway 8 crossing the Willoughby River, Barton, Vermont \n(figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a \nquantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (U.S. Department of Transportation, \n1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in Appendix E of this \nreport. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the \nstudy site. Information on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation \n(VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is \nfound in Appendix D.
\nThe site is in the New England Upland section of the New England physiographic province\nof north-central Vermont in the town of Barton. The 60.4-mi2\n drainage area is in a \npredominantly rural and forested basin. In the vicinity of the study site, the banks have \nsparse to moderate woody vegetation coverage.
\nIn the study area, the Willoughby River is probably incised, has a sinuous channel with a \nslope of approximately 0.009 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 108 ft and an average \nchannel depth of 6 ft. The predominant channel bed material is cobble (D50 is 95.1 mm or \n0.312 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on \nOctober 20, 1994, indicated that the reach was stable.
\nThe town highway 8 crossing of the Willoughby River is a 96-ft-long, two-lane bridge \nconsisting of one 94-foot steel-beam span (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written \ncommunication, August 4, 1994). The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete abutments \nwith wingwalls. The channel is skewed approximately 15 degrees to the opening while the \nopening-skew-to-roadway is 10 degrees.
\nNo scour was reported in the channel or along abutments or wingwalls during the Level I \nassessment. Type-2 stone fill (less than 24 inches diameter) was reported at each abutment \nand all four wingwalls. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in \nthe Level II Summary and Appendices D and E.
\nScour depths and rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described \nin Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and others, 1993). Scour depths were \ncalculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size \ndistribution. Data in appendix D (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written \ncommunication, August 4, 1994) indicate that the right abutment may be founded on or near \nmarble bedrock which may limit scour depths. Bedrock was not detected by borings in the \nvicinity of the left abutment. The scour analysis results are presented in tables 1 and 2 and a \ngraph of the scour depths is presented in figure 8.
\nContraction scour for all modelled flows was 0 ft. Abutment scour ranged from 7.3 to 10.7 \nft and the worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional \ninformation on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour \nResults”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented \nin tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure \n8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a \nhomogeneous particle-size distribution.
\nIt is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively \nconservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1993, p. 47). Usually, \ncomputed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but \nnot limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability \nassessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. \nTherefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values \ndocumented herein.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Pembroke, NH","doi":"10.3133/ofr96405","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Vermont Agency of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., and Boehmler, E.M., 1996, Level II scour analysis for Bridge 37 (BARTTH00080037) on Town Highway 8, crossing Willoughby River, Barton, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-405, iv, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96405.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr96405.PNG"},{"id":279344,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0405/report.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Vermont","city":"Barton","otherGeospatial":"Willoughby River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.25,44.75 ], [ -72.25,44.875 ], [ -72.125,44.875 ], [ -72.125,44.75 ], [ -72.25,44.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a63bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":1802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph D.","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":240320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boehmler, Erick M.","contributorId":96303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boehmler","given":"Erick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":49831,"text":"ofr96565 - 1996 - Level II scour analysis for Bridge 42 (HARDELMSTR0042) on Elm Street, crossing Cooper Brook, Hardwick, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-10T13:41:46","indexId":"ofr96565","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-565","title":"Level II scour analysis for Bridge 42 (HARDELMSTR0042) on Elm Street, crossing Cooper Brook, Hardwick, Vermont","docAbstract":"This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure HARDELMSTR0042 on Elm Street crossing Cooper Brook, Hardwick, Vermont (figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a quantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (U.S. Department of Transportation, 1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in Appendix E of this report. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the study site. Information on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is found in Appendix D.
\nThe site is in the New England Upland section of the New England physiographic province in north-central Vermont. The 16.6-mi2 drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested basin. In the vicinity of the study site, the overbanks are primarily grass covered with some brush along the immediate channel banks except the upstream right bank and overbank which is forested and the downstream left overbank which has a lumberyard.
\nIn the study area, Cooper Brook has a sinuous channel with a slope of approximately 0.005 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 50 ft and an average channel depth of 6 ft. The predominant channel bed materials are sand and gravel with a median grain size (D50) of 1.25 mm (0.00409 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on July 24, 1995, indicated that the reach was stable.
\nThe Elm Street crossing of Cooper Brook is a 39-ft-long, two-lane bridge consisting of one 37-foot concrete span (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written communication, March 17, 1995). The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete abutments with wingwalls. The channel is skewed approximately 40 degrees to the opening while the opening-skew-to-roadway is 45 degrees.
\nOn August 17, 1995 the site was revisited to investigate the effect of the August 4-5, 1995 flood on the structure. Channel features such as scour holes and point bars were shifted by the high flow event. Details of these changes can be found in the Level I data form in Appendix E. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and Appendices D and G.
\nScour depths and rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and others, 1993). Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows.
\nContraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 0.0 to 3.4 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the incipient-overtopping discharge which was less than the 100-year discharge. Abutment scour ranged from 7.1 to 10.4 ft. The worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution.
\nIt is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1993, p. 48). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Pembroke, NH","doi":"10.3133/ofr96565","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Vermont Agency of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Olson, S.A., 1996, Level II scour analysis for Bridge 42 (HARDELMSTR0042) on Elm Street, crossing Cooper Brook, Hardwick, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-565, iv, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96565.","productDescription":"iv, 55 p.","numberOfPages":"60","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr96565.PNG"},{"id":279296,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0565/report.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Vermont","city":"Hardwick","otherGeospatial":"Cooper Brook","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.5,44.375 ], [ -72.5,44.625 ], [ -72.25,44.625 ], [ -72.25,44.375 ], [ -72.5,44.375 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Scott A. 0000-0002-1064-2125 solson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-2125","contributorId":2059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Scott","email":"solson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":240335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44863,"text":"wri954287 - 1996 - Description, instructions, and verification for Basinsoft, a computer program to quantify drainage- basin characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-21T13:47:36","indexId":"wri954287","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4287","title":"Description, instructions, and verification for Basinsoft, a computer program to quantify drainage- basin characteristics","docAbstract":"Basinsoft is a computer program developed to utilize digital cartographic data to quantify 27 selected morphometric characteristics and optional area-weighted characteristics for a drainage basin. The programs comprising Basinsoft were written in Arc Macro Language (AML), a post-processing language written to run in ARC/INFO, a proprietary geographic information system (GIS). Basinsoft requires the generation of four source-data layers, three coverages and one lattice, representing the drainage-divide, hydrography, hypsography, and a lattice elevation model of a drainage basin, and the attribution of the three source-data layer coverages. Preprocessing of these data layers is facilitated by specialized utility AML programs. Compared to manual methods of measurement, Basinsoft significantly decreases the amount of time and effort required to quantify selected characteristics for drainage basins, particularly when a large number of drainage basins need to be processed. The automaticity of Basinsoft and its utility programs facilitate implementation of Basinsoft without requiring extensive GIS experience. Basinsoft was developed entirely using AML to ensure portability between platforms running ARC/INFO version 7.0 or later.
\nStatistical comparison tests indicate Basinsoft quantifications are not significantly different from manual topographic-map measurements for 9 of 10 basin characteristics tested. The results also indicate that elevation contours generated by ARC/INFO from l:250,000-scale digital elevation model (DEM) data are over-generalized when compared to elevation contours shown on l:250,000-scale topographic maps, and that quantification of basin-slope thus is underestimated using DEM data. A qualitative comparison test indicated that the Basinsoft module used to quantify basin slope is valid and that differences in the quantification of basin slope are due to sourcedata differences.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/wri954287","usgsCitation":"Harvey, C.A., and Eash, D.A., 1996, Description, instructions, and verification for Basinsoft, a computer program to quantify drainage- basin characteristics: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4287, vi, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954287.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":99333,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4287/report.pdf","size":"2690","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4287/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66928b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Craig A.","contributorId":103325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eash, David A. 0000-0002-2749-8959 daeash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-8959","contributorId":1887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"David","email":"daeash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24596,"text":"ofr96228 - 1996 - Summary of data-collection activities and effects of flooding from tropical storm Alberto in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, July 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-24T20:48:12.16353","indexId":"ofr96228","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-228","title":"Summary of data-collection activities and effects of flooding from tropical storm Alberto in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, July 1994","docAbstract":"Parts of central and southwestern Georgia, southeastern Alabama, and the western panhandle of Florida were devastated by floods resulting from rainfall produced by Tropical Storm Alberto in July 1994. As tributary floodwaters combined and moved downstream in the Flint, Ocmulgee, and Choctawhatchee Rivers, peak discharges exceeded the 100-year flood discharges along most stream reaches. Along the Flint River, the 100-year flood stage was exceeded at Montezuma by 3.7 ft; at Albany, by 5.1 ft; at Newton, by 3.9 ft; and at Bainbridge by 2.2 ft. Along the Ocmulgee River, the 100-year flood was exceeded at Juliette, by 5.4 ft; at Macon, by 2.2 ft; and at Hawkinsville by 3.9 ft. Peak discharges exceeded the 100-year flood discharges along the Choctawhatchee River from Newton, Ala., to Bruce, Fla.\r\n\r\nDischarge measurements were made at many gaging stations throughout the area of flooding. Streamflow velocities are obtained during the process of making the discharge measurement. Velocity data are given for selected gaging stations on two streams in Georgia. Scour around pier and abutment foundations caused settling or washout at most bridge failures. Scour mechanisms at these bridges include local scour, contraction scour, and scour plus bank instability of the general stream reach where the bridge is located. Eighteen feet of predominantly contraction scour was measured during the flood at the U.S. Highway 82 crossing of Flint River at Albany, Ga.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96228","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Stamey, T.C., 1996, Summary of data-collection activities and effects of flooding from tropical storm Alberto in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, July 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-228, 23 p. :ill., maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96228.","productDescription":"23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1630,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/ofr96-228/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155756,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88,32 ], [ -88,35 ], [ -81,35 ], [ -81,32 ], [ -88,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7ee4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stamey, Timothy C. tcstamey@usgs.gov","contributorId":4770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamey","given":"Timothy","email":"tcstamey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":192222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":54911,"text":"wdrOK952 - 1996 - Water resources data, Oklahoma, water year 1995. Volume 2. Red River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-24T21:43:41.259429","indexId":"wdrOK952","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"OK-95-2","title":"Water resources data, Oklahoma, water year 1995. Volume 2. Red River Basin","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrOK952","usgsCitation":"Blazs, R., Walters, D., Coffey, T., White, D., Boyle, D., and Kerestes, J., 1996, Water resources data, Oklahoma, water year 1995. Volume 2. 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D.K.","contributorId":30279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boyle, D.L.","contributorId":55505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kerestes, J.F.","contributorId":19219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerestes","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":54609,"text":"wdrIN951 - 1996 - Water resources data, Indiana, water year 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T14:18:36","indexId":"wdrIN951","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IN-95-1","title":"Water resources data, Indiana, water year 1995","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1995 water year for Indiana consists of records of discharge, stage, and water quality\nof streams and wells; reservoir stage and contents; and water levels in lakes and wells. This report contains records\nof discharge for 166 stream-gaging stations, stage for 6 stream stations, stage and contents for 1 reservoir, water\nquality for 1 stream, and water levels for 80 lakes and 94 observation wells. These data represent that part of the\nNational Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in Indiana in cooperation with State and Federal\nagencies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrIN951","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Indiana and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J., Keeton, C.R., Benedict, B.L., and Hammil, L.E., 1996, Water resources data, Indiana, water year 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IN-95-1, xx, 326 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIN951.","productDescription":"xx, 326 p.","numberOfPages":"351","temporalStart":"1994-10-01","temporalEnd":"1995-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288366,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288365,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1995/in-95-1/report.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Projection","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0979,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,37.7717 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb8c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, James A.","contributorId":49824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeton, Charles R.","contributorId":71220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeton","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benedict, Brian L.","contributorId":94351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hammil, Lowell E.","contributorId":19198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammil","given":"Lowell","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":54890,"text":"wdrOH951 - 1996 - Water Resources Data, Ohio, Water Year 1995. Volume 1. Ohio River Basin Excluding Project Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:36","indexId":"wdrOH951","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"OH-95-1","title":"Water Resources Data, Ohio, Water Year 1995. Volume 1. Ohio River Basin Excluding Project Data","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrOH951","usgsCitation":"Shindel, H., Mangus, J., and Trimble, L., 1996, Water Resources Data, Ohio, Water Year 1995. Volume 1. Ohio River Basin Excluding Project Data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report OH-95-1, 302 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrOH951.","productDescription":"302 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faf39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shindel, H.L.","contributorId":17652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shindel","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mangus, J.P.","contributorId":28301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangus","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trimble, L.E.","contributorId":101732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trimble","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":58003,"text":"wri964204 - 1996 - Analysis of suspended-sediment concentrations and discharges at four long-term sediment stations in central and southern Illinois, 1975–92 water years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-01T14:52:13.749254","indexId":"wri964204","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4204","displayTitle":"Analysis of Suspended-Sediment Concentrations and Discharges at Four Long-Term Sediment Stations in Central and Southern Illinois, 1975–92 Water Years","title":"Analysis of suspended-sediment concentrations and discharges at four long-term sediment stations in central and southern Illinois, 1975–92 water years","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District, have jointly operated four sediment stations in central and southern Illinois since May 1975—Illinois River at Valley City, Kaskaskia River at Cooks Mills, Kaskaskia River near Venedy Station, and Big Muddy River at Murphysboro. A comprehensive analysis of the historical data from these sediment stations was done to determine changes in the concentrations or amounts of suspended sediment transported in the streams.
Generally, the highest suspended-sediment concentrations were found in the Illinois River at Valley City (the station with the largest drainage area), and the lowest concentrations were in the Kaskaskia River at Cooks Mills (the station with the smallest drainage area). Suspended-sediment concentrations were typically high in the spring and summer (March through August) and low in the fall or winter (September through February). The seasonal Kendall test for trends indicated a statistically significant downward trend in suspended-sediment concentrations at three of the sediment stations, including a downward trend of 5.50 milligrams per liter per year in the Illinois River at Valley City.
Median suspended-sediment discharges at the four sediment stations ranged from 47.1 to 3,260 tons per day and corresponded to the size of the drainage areas. The largest median suspended sediment yield, 0.12 tons per square mile per day, was in the Illinois River at Valley City. Suspended-sediment discharges during the spring were larger than during other seasons. The seasonal Kendall test for trends indicated a statistically significant downward trend in suspended sediment discharges at two of the sediment stations (Kaskaskia River at Cooks Mills and Big Muddy River at Murphysboro).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri964204","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Terrio, P.J., 1996, Analysis of suspended-sediment concentrations and discharges at four long-term sediment stations in central and southern Illinois, 1975–92 water years: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4204, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964204.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":183835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4204/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":5952,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4204/wrir96_4204.pdf","text":"Report","size":"925 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 96–4204"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.47216796875,\n 40.07807142745009\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -90.19775390625,\n 38.84826438869913\n ],\n [\n -90.1318359375,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -90.340576171875,\n 38.25543637637947\n ],\n [\n -89.36279296875,\n 37.49229399862877\n ],\n [\n -88.802490234375,\n 37.19533058280065\n ],\n [\n -88.253173828125,\n 37.50972584293751\n ],\n [\n -87.989501953125,\n 38.229550455326134\n ],\n [\n -87.56103515625,\n 38.659777730712534\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 39.26628442213066\n ],\n [\n -87.56103515625,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -91.47216796875,\n 40.07807142745009\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
An investigation of the geohydrology and of the potential for water-supply development on several of the Boston Harbor Islands, eastern Massachusetts, was conducted to evaluate the possibility of developing a permanent small-capacity water supply to support recreational activities, such as camping, hiking, and swimming. The Boston Harbor Islands, including Bumkin, Gallops, Georges, Grape, Lovell, and Peddocks Islands are part of a larger group of glacially deposited drumlins, which are composed of thick, dense, homogeneous till in their core that are overlain by a thin layer of stratified-beach deposits. The surficial materials over-lie a weathered zone of the metasedimentary Cambridge Argillite in the Boston Harbor area and were deposited by continental ice sheets that covered New England twice during the late Pleistocene Epoch, and by near-shore processes in the Holocene Epoch. The thickness of these materials range from less than 1 to about 300 feet where present.
The till was deposited by glacial ice and is characterized as an unsorted matrix of sand, silt, and clay with variable amounts of stones and large boulders. The stratified deposits primarily consist of sorted and layered sand and gravel that accumulated and formed the beaches and tombolos of the harbor islands. These deposits overlie the till at altitudes generally less than 10 feet above sea level.
A cross-sectional, ground-water-flow model was developed to estimate depth to the water table for a hypothetical drumlin-island flow system, which was assumed to be representative of the drumlin islands in Boston Harbor. Areas were identified in each island flow system with the greatest potential for small-capacity water-supply development based on the model-calculated depth to water and surficial geology of the islands. Model-calculated depth to water estimates were used because of the lack of available hydrologic data for the islands. Model results indicate that the simulated depth to water is less than 20 feet within 240 feet from the shore of the hypothetical drumlin-island flow system. This area on the topographic maps of the six Boston Harbor Islands roughly coincides with the high transmissivity zones of stratified-beach deposits and weathered till on the lower slopes of the drumlins where ground-water discharge and surface and subsurface runoff occurs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96117","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J., Stone, B.D., and Rendigs, R., 1996, Geohydrology and potential water-supply development on Bumkin, Gallops, Georges, Grape, Lovell, and Peddocks Islands, eastern Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-117, iii, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96117.","productDescription":"iii, 22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":53024,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0117/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0117/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Bumkin Island, Gallops Island, Georges Island, Grape Island, Lovells Island, Peddocks Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": 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