{"pageNumber":"1308","pageRowStart":"32675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165309,"records":[{"id":70170023,"text":"70170023 - 2014 - Roadside bear viewing opportunities in Yellowstone National Park: characteristics, trends, and influence of whitebark pine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-08T11:12:50","indexId":"70170023","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Roadside bear viewing opportunities in Yellowstone National Park: characteristics, trends, and influence of whitebark pine","docAbstract":"<p>Opportunities for viewing grizzly bears (<i>Ursus arctos</i>) and American black bears (<i>U. americanus</i>) from roadways in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) have increased in recent years. Unlike the panhandling bears common prior to the 1970s, current viewing usually involves bears feeding on natural foods. We define roadside bear viewing opportunities that cause traffic congestion as &lsquo;&lsquo;bear-jams.&rsquo;&rsquo; We investigated characteristics of bear-jams and their frequency relative to whitebark pine (<i>Pinus albicaulis</i>) cone production, an important fall food for bears, during 1990&ndash;2004. We observed a difference in diel distribution of bear-jams between species (<i>x<sup>2</sup></i>=70.609, 4 df, P&lt;0.001) with the occurrence of grizzly bear-jams being more crepuscular. We found evidence for decreasing distances between bears and roadways and increasing durations of bears-jams. The annual proportion of bear-jams for both species occurring after the week of 13&ndash;19 August were 3&ndash;4 times higher during poor cone crop years than good. We suggest that native foods found in road corridors may be especially important to some individual bears during years exhibiting poor whitebark pine crops. We discuss management implications of threats to whitebark pine and increasing habituation of bears to people.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","doi":"10.2192/URSUS-D-10-00036.1","usgsCitation":"Haroldson, M.A., and Gunther, K., 2014, Roadside bear viewing opportunities in Yellowstone National Park: characteristics, trends, and influence of whitebark pine: Ursus, v. 24, no. 1, p. 27-41, https://doi.org/10.2192/URSUS-D-10-00036.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"41","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056425","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319905,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": 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Kerry","contributorId":17929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunther","given":"Kerry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70132471,"text":"70132471 - 2014 - Ecological tracers reveal resource convergence among prey fish species in a large lake ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-28T17:37:27.044468","indexId":"70132471","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological tracers reveal resource convergence among prey fish species in a large lake ecosystem","docAbstract":"<p>1. We measured stable isotopes of carbon (&delta;<sup>13</sup>C) and nitrogen (&delta;<sup>15</sup>N) and fatty acid profiles in Lake Ontario alewife (<em>Alosa pseudoharengus</em>), rainbow smelt (<em>Osmerus mordax</em>), slimy sculpin (<em>Cottus cognatus</em>) and round goby (<em>Neogobius melanostomus</em>) collected from 1982 to 2008 to investigate how temporal variability in these ecological tracers can relate to ecosystem-level changes associated with the establishment of highly invasive dreissenid mussels.</p>\n<p>2. Prey fish &delta;<sup>15</sup>N values remained relatively constant, with only slimy sculpin exhibiting a temporal increase in &delta;<sup>15</sup>N. In contrast, &delta;<sup>13</sup>C values for alewife, rainbow smelt and, especially, slimy sculpin became less negative over time and were consistent with the benthification of the Lake Ontario food web associated with dreissenids.</p>\n<p>3. Principal components analysis revealed higher contributions of 14:0 and 16:1n-7 fatty acids and increasingly negative &delta;<sup>13</sup>C values in older samples in agreement with the greater historical importance of pelagic production for alewife, rainbow smelt and slimy sculpin.</p>\n<p>4. Temporal declines in fatty acid unsaturation indices and &Sigma;n-3/&Sigma;n-6 ratios, and also increased 24:0/14:0 ratios for alewife, rainbow smelt and slimy sculpin, indicated the increasing importance of nearshore production pathways for more recently collected fish and resulted in values more similar to those for round goby.</p>\n<p>5. These results indicate a temporal convergence of the food niche, whereas food partitioning has historically supported the coexistence of prey fish species in Lake Ontario. This convergence is consistent with changes in food-web processes associated with the invasion of dreissenid mussels.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fwb.12418","usgsCitation":"Paterson, G., Rush, S.A., Arts, M., Drouillard, K.G., Haffner, G., Johnson, T.B., Lantry, B.F., Hebert, C.E., McGoldrick, D.J., Backus, S.M., and Fisk, A.T., 2014, Ecological tracers reveal resource convergence among prey fish species in a large lake ecosystem: Freshwater Biology, v. 59, no. 10, p. 2150-2161, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12418.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2150","endPage":"2161","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052166","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.1517333984375,\n              43.5843700152048\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.1187744140625,\n              43.99676629896825\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.992431640625,\n              44.34349388385857\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.8218994140625,\n              44.22945656830167\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.14599609375,\n              44.000717834282774\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.7996826171875,\n              44.09547572946637\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.5794677734375,\n              43.723474896114794\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.837646484375,\n              43.28920196020127\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.4366455078125,\n              43.12905229628564\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1015625,\n              43.20917969039356\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.2720947265625,\n              43.345154990451135\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.9150390625,\n              43.305193797650546\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.51953125,\n              43.201171681272456\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.1844482421875,\n              43.25320494908846\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.8768310546875,\n              43.201171681272456\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.1517333984375,\n              43.5843700152048\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54633331e4b0ba83040c6a6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paterson, Gord","contributorId":127331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paterson","given":"Gord","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6778,"text":"University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":523236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rush, Scott A.","contributorId":127332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rush","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6778,"text":"University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":523237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arts, Michael T.","contributorId":127333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arts","given":"Michael T.","affiliations":[{"id":6779,"text":"Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":523238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drouillard, Ken G.","contributorId":127334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drouillard","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6778,"text":"University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":523239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haffner, G. Doug","contributorId":127335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haffner","given":"G. Doug","affiliations":[{"id":6778,"text":"University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":523240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, Tim B.","contributorId":127336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6780,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":523241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lantry, Brian F. 0000-0001-8797-3910 bflantry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-3910","contributorId":3435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantry","given":"Brian","email":"bflantry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":523235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hebert, Craig E.","contributorId":127337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hebert","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6781,"text":"Environment Canada, Carelton University, Ottawa, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":523242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McGoldrick, Daryl J.","contributorId":127338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGoldrick","given":"Daryl","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6779,"text":"Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":523243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Backus, Sean M.","contributorId":127339,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Backus","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6779,"text":"Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":523244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Fisk, Aaron T.","contributorId":127340,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisk","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6778,"text":"University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":523245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70135768,"text":"70135768 - 2014 - Continuous uplift near the seaward edge of the Prince William Sound megathrust: Middleton Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-18T11:06:55","indexId":"70135768","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continuous uplift near the seaward edge of the Prince William Sound megathrust: Middleton Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Middleton Island, located at the seaward edge of the continental shelf 50 km from the base of the inner wall of the Aleutian Trench, affords an opportunity to make land-based measurements of uplift near the toe of the Prince William Sound megathrust, site of the 1964,&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&thinsp;=&thinsp;9.2, Alaska earthquake. Leveling surveys (1973&ndash;1993) on Middleton Island indicate roughly uniform tilting (~1 &micro;rad/a down to the northwest) of the island, and GPS surveys (1993&ndash;2012) show an uplift rate of 14 mm/a of the island relative to fixed North America. The data are consistent with a combined (coseismic and postseismic) uplift (in meters) due to the 1964 earthquake as a function of time<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>&tau;</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(years after the earthquake)<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>u</i><span>(</span><i>&tau;</i><span>)&thinsp;=&thinsp;(3.5&thinsp;+&thinsp;1.21 log</span><sub>10</sub><span>&thinsp;[1&thinsp;+&thinsp;1.67&thinsp;</span><i>&tau;</i><span>])<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>H</i><span>(</span><i>&tau;</i><span>) where 3.5 is the coseismic uplift and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>H</i><span>(</span><i>&tau;</i><span>) is 0 for<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>&tau;</i><span>&thinsp;&lt;&thinsp;0 and 1 otherwise. The current uplift on Middleton Island is attributed to continuous slip on a fault splaying off from the megathrust, and the long-term uplift is the superposition of the effects of past earthquakes, each earthquake being similar to the 1964 event. Then, the predicted uplift at time<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>t</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>due to a sequence of earthquakes at times<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>t<sub>i</sub></i><span>would be<span>&nbsp;</span></span><img src=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/2014JB011127/asset/equation/jgrb50748-math-0001.gif?v=1&amp;t=i3udhdfj&amp;s=045302a578ea3538d8fd66696ab3201077da5a74\" alt=\"inline image\" /><span>. From studies of strandlines associated with the uplifted terraces on Middleton Island, Plafker et al. (1992) estimated the occurrence times of the last six earthquakes and measured the present-day elevations of those strandlines. The predicted uplift is in rough agreement with those measurements. About half of the predicted uplift is due to postseismic relaxation from previous earthquakes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Americal Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011127","usgsCitation":"Savage, J.C., Plafker, G., Svarc, J.L., and Lisowski, M., 2014, Continuous uplift near the seaward edge of the Prince William Sound megathrust: Middleton Island, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 7, p. 6067-6079, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011127.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"6067","endPage":"6079","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055335","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011127","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Middleton Island, Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149.886474609375,\n              58.847858685739176\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.886474609375,\n              61.62728646147466\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.876708984375,\n              61.62728646147466\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.876708984375,\n              58.847858685739176\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.886474609375,\n              58.847858685739176\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b69e4b08de9379b336f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Svarc, Jerry L. 0000-0002-2802-4528 jsvarc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2802-4528","contributorId":2413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"Jerry","email":"jsvarc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lisowski, Michael 0000-0003-4818-2504 mlisowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-2504","contributorId":637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"Michael","email":"mlisowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70137264,"text":"70137264 - 2014 - Arroyo channel head evolution in a flash-flood-dominated discontinuous ephemeral stream system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-07T10:26:12","indexId":"70137264","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arroyo channel head evolution in a flash-flood-dominated discontinuous ephemeral stream system","docAbstract":"<p><span>We study whether arroyo channel head retreat in dryland discontinuous ephemeral streams is driven by surface runoff, seepage erosion, mass wasting, or some combination of these hydrogeomorphic processes. We monitored precipitation, overland flow, soil moisture, and headcut migration over several seasonal cycles at two adjacent rangeland channel heads in southern Arizona. Erosion occurred by headward retreat of vertical to overhanging faces, driven dominantly by surface runoff. No evidence exists for erosion caused by shallow-groundwater&ndash;related processes, even though similar theater-headed morphologies are sometimes attributed to seepage erosion by emerging groundwater. At our field site, vertical variation in soil shear strength influenced the persistence of the characteristic theater-head form. The dominant processes of erosion included removal of grains and soil aggregates during even very shallow (1&ndash;3 cm) overland flow events by runoff on vertical to overhanging channel headwalls, plunge-pool erosion during higher-discharge runoff events, immediate postrunoff wet mass wasting, and minor intra-event dry mass wasting on soil tension fractures developing subparallel to the headwall. Multiple stepwise linear regression indicates that the migration rate is most strongly correlated with flow duration and total precipitation and is poorly correlated with peak flow depth or time-integrated flow depth. The studied channel heads migrated upslope with a self-similar morphologic form under a wide range of hydrological conditions, and the most powerful flash floods were not always responsible for the largest changes in landscape form in this environment.</span>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B31064.1","usgsCitation":"DeLong, S.B., Johnson, J.P., and Whipple, K.X., 2014, Arroyo channel head evolution in a flash-flood-dominated discontinuous ephemeral stream system: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 126, no. 11-12, p. 1683-1701, https://doi.org/10.1130/B31064.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1683","endPage":"1701","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053768","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.169921875,\n              37.16031654673677\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.7646484375,\n              37.055177106660814\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.2041015625,\n              31.16580958786196\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.9609375,\n              32.54681317351514\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.169921875,\n              37.16031654673677\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"126","issue":"11-12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b3ae4b08de9379b32b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeLong, Stephen B. 0000-0002-0945-2172 sdelong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-2172","contributorId":5240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"Stephen","email":"sdelong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Joel P. L.","contributorId":138502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"P. L.","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whipple, Kelin X.","contributorId":138503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whipple","given":"Kelin","email":"","middleInitial":"X.","affiliations":[{"id":12431,"text":"ASU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70144153,"text":"70144153 - 2014 - Screening native botanicals for bioactivity: an interdisciplinary approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-30T11:56:36","indexId":"70144153","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3882,"text":"Nutrition","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Screening native botanicals for bioactivity: an interdisciplinary approach","docAbstract":"<p>Objective: Plant-based therapies have been used in medicine throughout recorded history. Information about the therapeutic properties of plants often can be found in local cultures as folk medicine is communicated from one generation to the next. The aim of this study was to identify native Louisiana plants from Creole folk medicine as a potential source of therapeutic compounds for the treatment of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and related disorders.</p>\n<p>Methods: We used an interdisciplinary approach combining expertise in disciplines ranging from cultural anthropology and botany to biochemistry and endocrinology to screen native southwest Louisiana plants. Translation of accounts of Creole folk medicine yielded a list of plants with documented use in treating a variety of conditions, including inflammation. These plants were collected, vouchered, and catalogued before extraction of soluble components. Extracts were analyzed for bioactivity in regulating inflammatory responses in macrophages or fatty acid&ndash;induced insulin resistance in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells.</p>\n<p>Results: Several extracts altered gene expression of inflammatory markers in macrophages. Multiplex analysis of kinase activation in insulin-signaling pathways in skeletal muscle also identified a subset of extracts that alter insulin-stimulated protein kinase B phosphorylation in the presence of fatty-acid&ndash;induced insulin resistance.</p>\n<p>Conclusion: An interdisciplinary approach to screening botanical sources of therapeutic agents can be successfully applied to identify native plants used in folk medicine as potential sources of therapeutic agents in treating insulin resistance in skeletal muscle or inflammatory processes associated with obesity-related insulin resistance.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Inc.","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2014.02.028","usgsCitation":"Boudreau, A., Cheng, D.M., Ruiz, C., Ribnicky, D., Allain, L.K., Brassieur, C.R., Turnipseed, D.P., Cefalu, W.T., and Floyd, Z.E., 2014, Screening native botanicals for bioactivity: an interdisciplinary approach: Nutrition, v. 30, no. 7-8, p. S11-S16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2014.02.028.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"S11","endPage":"S16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057702","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2014.02.028","text":"External Repository"},{"id":299989,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","volume":"30","issue":"7-8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55435234e4b0a658d79414b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boudreau, Anik","contributorId":139903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boudreau","given":"Anik","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13309,"text":"Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge , LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, Diana M.","contributorId":139904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13310,"text":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruiz, Carmen","contributorId":139905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruiz","given":"Carmen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13309,"text":"Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge , LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ribnicky, David","contributorId":139906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ribnicky","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13310,"text":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allain, Larry K. 0000-0002-7717-9761 allainl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7717-9761","contributorId":2414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allain","given":"Larry","email":"allainl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brassieur, C. Ray","contributorId":139907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brassieur","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ray","affiliations":[{"id":7155,"text":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Turnipseed, D. Phil 0000-0002-9737-3203 pturnip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-3203","contributorId":298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turnipseed","given":"D.","email":"pturnip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Phil","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cefalu, William T.","contributorId":139908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cefalu","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13309,"text":"Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge , LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Floyd, Z. Elizabeth","contributorId":139909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Floyd","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[{"id":13309,"text":"Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge , LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70129405,"text":"70129405 - 2014 - Engineering uses of physics-based ground motion simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T13:52:36","indexId":"70129405","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Engineering uses of physics-based ground motion simulations","docAbstract":"<p>This paper summarizes validation methodologies focused on enabling ground motion simulations to be used with confidence in engineering applications such as seismic hazard analysis and dynmaic analysis of structural and geotechnical systems. Numberical simullation of ground motion from large erthquakes, utilizing physics-based models of earthquake rupture and wave propagation, is an area of active research in the earth science community. Refinement and validatoin of these models require collaboration between earthquake scientists and engineering users, and testing/rating methodolgies for simulated ground motions to be used with confidence in engineering applications. This paper provides an introduction to this field and an overview of current research activities being coordinated by the Souther California Earthquake Center (SCEC). These activities are related both to advancing the science and computational infrastructure needed to produce ground motion simulations, as well as to engineering validation procedures. Current research areas and anticipated future achievements are also discussed.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 10th National Conference in Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"10th National Conference in Earthquake Engineering","conferenceDate":"July 21-25, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Baker, J.W., Luco, N., Abrahamson, N.A., Graves, R.W., Maechling, P.J., and Olsen, K., 2014, Engineering uses of physics-based ground motion simulations, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 10th National Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Anchorage, AK, July 21-25, 2014, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055616","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5482e546e4b0aa6d77853004","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, Jack W.","contributorId":115861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luco, Nicolas 0000-0002-5763-9847 nluco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":1188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nicolas","email":"nluco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abrahamson, Norman A.","contributorId":115451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abrahamson","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graves, Robert W. rwgraves@usgs.gov","contributorId":3149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Robert","email":"rwgraves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maechling, Phillip J.","contributorId":117072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maechling","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olsen, Kim","contributorId":117549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olsen","given":"Kim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70139392,"text":"70139392 - 2014 - Tracking an unprecedented invasion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-19T10:14:52","indexId":"70139392","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3859,"text":"Coral: The Reef & Marine Aquarium Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracking an unprecedented invasion","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Shelburne Reef to Rainforst Media","usgsCitation":"Benson, A.J., 2014, Tracking an unprecedented invasion: Coral: The Reef & Marine Aquarium Magazine, v. 11, no. 4, p. 66-68.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"68","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057732","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298744,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550bf33ae4b02e76d759ce08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, Amy J. 0000-0002-4517-1466 abenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4517-1466","contributorId":3836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Amy","email":"abenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70140690,"text":"70140690 - 2014 - Prolactin and teleost ionocytes: new insights into cellular and molecular targets of prolactin in vertebrate epithelia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-10T11:46:50","indexId":"70140690","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prolactin and teleost ionocytes: new insights into cellular and molecular targets of prolactin in vertebrate epithelia","docAbstract":"<p><span>The&nbsp;</span>peptide hormone<span>&nbsp;</span>prolactin<span>&nbsp;is a functionally versatile hormone produced by the vertebrate&nbsp;</span>pituitary<span>. Comparative studies over the last six decades have revealed that a conserved function for prolactin across vertebrates is the regulation of ion and water transport in a variety of tissues including those responsible for whole-organism ion homeostasis. In teleost fishes, prolactin was identified as the &ldquo;freshwater-adapting hormone&rdquo;, promoting ion-conserving and water-secreting processes by acting on the gill, kidney, gut and urinary bladder. In mammals,&nbsp;</span>prolactin<span>&nbsp;is known to regulate renal, intestinal, mammary and amniotic epithelia, with dysfunction linked to hypogonadism, infertility, and metabolic disorders. Until recently, our understanding of the cellular mechanisms of prolactin action in fishes has been hampered by a paucity of molecular tools to define and study ionocytes, specialized cells that control active ion transport across branchial and epidermal epithelia. Here we review work in teleost models indicating that prolactin regulates ion balance through action on ion transporters, tight-junction proteins, and water channels in ionocytes, and discuss recent advances in our understanding of ionocyte function in the genetically and embryonically accessible zebrafish (</span><i>Danio rerio</i><span>). Given the high degree of evolutionary conservation in&nbsp;</span>endocrine<span>&nbsp;and osmoregulatory systems, these studies in teleost models are contributing novel mechanistic insight into how&nbsp;</span>prolactin<span>&nbsp;participates in the development, function, and dysfunction of osmoregulatory systems across the vertebrate lineage.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.12.014","usgsCitation":"Breves, J.P., McCormick, S., and Karlstrom, R.O., 2014, Prolactin and teleost ionocytes: new insights into cellular and molecular targets of prolactin in vertebrate epithelia: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 203, p. 21-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.12.014.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053276","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4096611","text":"External Repository"},{"id":297891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"203","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c2ee4b08de9379b3694","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breves, Jason P.","contributorId":6349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breves","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":2197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen D.","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karlstrom, Rolf O.","contributorId":42502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karlstrom","given":"Rolf","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70133240,"text":"70133240 - 2014 - Assessment of mitochondrial DNA damage in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) collected near a mercury-contaminated river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:44:16","indexId":"70133240","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Assessment of mitochondrial DNA damage in little brown bats (<i>Myotis lucifugus</i>) collected near a mercury-contaminated river","title":"Assessment of mitochondrial DNA damage in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) collected near a mercury-contaminated river","docAbstract":"<p>Historical discharges of Hg into the South River near the town of Waynesboro, VA, USA, have resulted in persistently elevated Hg concentrations in sediment, surface water, ground water, soil, and wildlife downstream of the discharge site. In the present study, we examined mercury (Hg) levels in in little brown bats (<em>Myotis lucifugus</em>) from this location and assessed the utility of a non-destructively collected tissue sample (wing punch) for determining mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage in Hg exposed bats. Bats captured 1 and 3 km from the South River, exhibited significantly higher levels of total Hg (THg) in blood and fur than those from the reference location. We compared levels of mtDNA damage using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of two distinct regions of mtDNA. Genotoxicity is among the many known toxic effects of Hg, resulting from direct interactions with DNA or from oxidative damage. Because it lacks many of the protective protein structures and repair mechanisms associated with nuclear DNA, mtDNA is more sensitive to the effects of genotoxic chemicals and therefore may be a useful biomarker in chronically exposed organisms. Significantly higher levels of damage were observed in both regions of mtDNA in bats captured 3 km from the river than in controls. However, levels of mtDNA damage exhibited weak correlations with fur and blood THg levels, suggesting that other factors may play a role in the site-specific differences.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-014-1284-9","usgsCitation":"Karouna-Renier, N., White, C., Perkins, C.R., Schmerfeld, J.J., and Yates, D., 2014, Assessment of mitochondrial DNA damage in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) collected near a mercury-contaminated river: Ecotoxicology, v. 23, no. 8, p. 1419-1429, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1284-9.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1419","endPage":"1429","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056838","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296059,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Waynesboro","otherGeospatial":"South River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.97727966308594,\n              38.01509916686995\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.97727966308594,\n              38.29640356474841\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.78227233886719,\n              38.29640356474841\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.78227233886719,\n              38.01509916686995\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.97727966308594,\n              38.01509916686995\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d62de4b04d4b7dbd6551","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karouna-Renier, Natalie K. nkarouna@usgs.gov","contributorId":3988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karouna-Renier","given":"Natalie K.","email":"nkarouna@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Carl","contributorId":127380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Carl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perkins, Christopher R.","contributorId":127381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkins","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6926,"text":"Center for Environmental Sciences & Engineering, University of Connecticut","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmerfeld, John J.","contributorId":127382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmerfeld","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6927,"text":"USFWS, National Wildlife Refuge System","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yates, David","contributorId":127383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yates","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70133047,"text":"70133047 - 2014 - Changes in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in tree swallows (<i>Tachycineta bicolor</i>) nesting along the Sheboygan River, WI, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T15:50:56","indexId":"70133047","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in tree swallows (<i>Tachycineta bicolor</i>) nesting along the Sheboygan River, WI, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in tree swallow (<em>Tachycineta bicolor</em>) eggs on the Sheboygan River, Wisconsin in the 1990s was higher at sites downstream (geometric means = 3.33&ndash;8.69 &mu;g/g wet wt.) of the putative PCB source in Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin than it was above the source (1.24 &mu;g/g) with the exposure declining as the distance downstream of the source increased. A similar pattern of declining exposure was present in the 2010s as well. Although exposure to PCBs in eggs along the Sheboygan River at sites downstream of Sheboygan Falls has declined by ~60 % since the mid-1990s (8.69 down to 3.27 &mu;g/g) there still seems to be residual pockets of contamination that are exposing some individuals (~25 %) to PCB contamination, similar to exposure found in the 1990s. The exposure patterns in eggs and nestlings among sites, and the changes between the two decades, are further validated by accumulation rate information.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-014-1286-7","usgsCitation":"Custer, C.M., Custer, T.W., Strom, S., Patnode, K.A., and Franson, J., 2014, Changes in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in tree swallows (<i>Tachycineta bicolor</i>) nesting along the Sheboygan River, WI, USA: Ecotoxicology, v. 23, no. 8, p. 1439-1446, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1286-7.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1439","endPage":"1446","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053764","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Sheboygan River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.2476806640625,\n              43.69270087644112\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.2476806640625,\n              43.91471255856308\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.69973754882812,\n              43.91471255856308\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.69973754882812,\n              43.69270087644112\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.2476806640625,\n              43.69270087644112\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d62fe4b04d4b7dbd656e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582 ccuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":1143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"ccuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3170-6519 tcuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":2835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strom, Sean M.","contributorId":127354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strom","given":"Sean M.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patnode, Kathleen A.","contributorId":127355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patnode","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":2157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70140712,"text":"70140712 - 2014 - Comparative responses to endocrine disrupting compounds in early life stages of Atlantic salmon, <i>Salmo salar</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-10T13:07:27","indexId":"70140712","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative responses to endocrine disrupting compounds in early life stages of Atlantic salmon, <i>Salmo salar</i>","docAbstract":"<p>Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are endangered anadromous fish that may be exposed to feminizing endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) during early development, potentially altering physiological capacities, survival and fitness. To assess differential life stage sensitivity to common EDCs, we carried out short-term (four day) exposures using three doses each of 17&alpha;-ethinylestradiol (EE2), 17&beta;-estradiol (E2), and nonylphenol (NP) on four early life stages; embryos, yolk-sac larvae, feeding fry and one year old smolts. Differential response was compared using vitellogenin (Vtg, a precursor egg protein) gene transcription. Smolts were also examined for impacts on plasma Vtg, cortisol, thyroid hormones (T4/T3) and hepatosomatic index (HSI). Compound-related mortality was not observed in any life stage, but Vtg mRNA was elevated in a dose-dependent manner in yolk-sac larvae, fry and smolts but not in embyos. The estrogens EE2 and E2 were consistently stronger inducers of Vtg than NP. Embryos responded significantly to the highest concentration of EE2 only, while older life stages responded to the highest doses of all three compounds, as well as intermediate doses of EE2 and E2. Maximal transcription was greater for fry among the three earliest life stages, suggesting fry may be the most responsive life stage in early development. Smolt plasma Vtg was also significantly increased, and this response was observed at lower doses of each compound than was detected by gene transcription suggesting this is a more sensitive indicator at this life stage. HSI was increased at the highest doses of EE2 and E2 and plasma T3 decreased at the highest dose of EE2. Our results indicate that all life stages after hatching are potentially sensitive to endocrine disruption by estrogenic compounds and that physiological responses were altered over a short window of exposure, indicating the potential for these compounds to impact fish in the wild.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.03.015","usgsCitation":"Duffy, T.A., Iwanowicz, L., and McCormick, S., 2014, Comparative responses to endocrine disrupting compounds in early life stages of Atlantic salmon, <i>Salmo salar</i>: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 152, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.03.015.","productDescription":"10","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054887","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297898,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"152","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b62e4b08de9379b335c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffy, Tara A.","contributorId":139213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duffy","given":"Tara","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12699,"text":"Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R. liwanowicz@usgs.gov","contributorId":386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R.","email":"liwanowicz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen D.","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70140759,"text":"70140759 - 2014 - A test of the compensatory mortality hypothesis in mountain lions: a management experiment in West-Central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-11T14:57:09","indexId":"70140759","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A test of the compensatory mortality hypothesis in mountain lions: a management experiment in West-Central Montana","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mountain lions (</span><i>Puma concolor</i><span>) are widely hunted for recreation, population control, and to reduce conflict with humans, but much is still unknown regarding the effects of harvest on mountain lion population dynamics. Whether human hunting mortality on mountain lions is additive or compensatory is debated. Our primary objective was to investigate population effects of harvest on mountain lions. We addressed this objective with a management experiment of 3 years of intensive harvest followed by a 6-year recovery period. In December 2000, after 3 years of hunting, approximately 66% of a single game management unit within the Blackfoot River watershed in Montana was closed to lion hunting, effectively creating a refuge representing approximately 12% (915&thinsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span>) of the total study area (7,908&thinsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span>). Hunting continued in the remainder of the study area, but harvest levels declined from approximately 9/1,000&thinsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>in 2001 to 2/1,000&thinsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>in 2006 as a result of the protected area and reduced quotas outside. We radiocollared 117 mountain lions from 1998 to 2006. We recorded known fates for 63 animals, and right-censored the remainder. Although hunting directly reduced survival, parameters such as litter size, birth interval, maternity, age at dispersal, and age of first reproduction were not significantly affected. Sensitivity analysis showed that female survival and maternity were most influential on population growth. Life-stage simulation analysis (LSA) demonstrated the effect of hunting on the population dynamics of mountain lions. In our non-hunted population, reproduction (kitten survival and maternity) accounted for approximately 62% of the variation in growth rate, whereas adult female survival accounted for 30%. Hunting reversed this, increasing the reliance of population growth on adult female survival (45% of the variation in population growth), and away from reproduction (12%). Our research showed that harvest at the levels implemented in this study did not affect population productivity (i.e., maternity), but had an additive effect on mountain lion mortality, and therefore population growth. Through harvest, wildlife managers have the ability to control mountain lion populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.726","usgsCitation":"Robinson, H.S., Desimone, R., Hartway, C., Gude, J., Thompson, M.J., Mitchell, M.S., and Hebblewhite, M., 2014, A test of the compensatory mortality hypothesis in mountain lions: a management experiment in West-Central Montana: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 5, p. 791-807, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.726.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"791","endPage":"807","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054633","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297926,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Blackfoot River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.48739624023436,\n              46.63152171082673\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.48739624023436,\n              47.03175858136222\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.9669189453125,\n              47.03175858136222\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.9669189453125,\n              46.63152171082673\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.48739624023436,\n              46.63152171082673\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b23e4b08de9379b326d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Hugh S.","contributorId":139243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Desimone, Richard","contributorId":33964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Desimone","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartway, Cynthia","contributorId":139244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartway","given":"Cynthia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gude, Justin A.","contributorId":95780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gude","given":"Justin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, Michael J.","contributorId":30899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6582,"text":"Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Missoula, Montana 59801, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mitchell, Michael S. 0000-0002-0773-6905 mmitchel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-6905","contributorId":3716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Michael","email":"mmitchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hebblewhite, Mark","contributorId":69455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hebblewhite","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70155928,"text":"70155928 - 2014 - Steady incision of Grand Canyon at the million year timeframe: A case for mantle-driven differential uplift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-15T16:52:08.479835","indexId":"70155928","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Steady incision of Grand Canyon at the million year timeframe: A case for mantle-driven differential uplift","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Grand Canyon region provides an excellent laboratory to examine the interplay between river incision,&nbsp;magmatism, and the geomorphic and tectonic processes that shape landscapes. Here we apply U-series, Ar–Ar, and cosmogenic burial dating of&nbsp;</span>river terraces<span>&nbsp;to examine spatial variations in incision rates along the 445 km length of the Colorado River through Grand Canyon. We also analyze strath terrace sequences that extend to heights of several hundred meters above the river, and integrate these with&nbsp;speleothem&nbsp;constrained maximum incision rates in several reaches to examine any temporal incision variations at the million-year time frame. This new high-resolution&nbsp;geochronology&nbsp;shows temporally steady long-term incision in any given reach of Grand Canyon but significant variations along its length from 160 m/Ma in the east to 101 m/Ma in the west. Spatial and temporal patterns of incision, and the long timescale of steady incision rule out models where geomorphic controls such as&nbsp;climate oscillations,&nbsp;bedrock&nbsp;strength, sediment load effects, or isostatic response to differential&nbsp;denudation&nbsp;are the first order drivers of canyon incision. The incision pattern is best explained by a model of&nbsp;Neogene&nbsp;and ongoing epeirogenic uplift due to an eastward propagating zone of increased&nbsp;upper mantle&nbsp;buoyancy that we infer from propagation of Neogene basaltic&nbsp;volcanism&nbsp;and a strong lateral gradient in modern upper mantle seismic structure.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.020","usgsCitation":"Crow, R.S., Karlstrom, K., Darling, A., Crossey, L., Polyak, V., Granger, D.E., Asmerom, Y., and Schmandt, B., 2014, Steady incision of Grand Canyon at the million year timeframe: A case for mantle-driven differential uplift: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 397, p. 159-173, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.020.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"173","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066671","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306658,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.59379497680267,\n              36.6929399332291\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.94676561696494,\n              36.740664983905035\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.04882941653004,\n              36.47781060258208\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.81430791326767,\n              36.62470987367253\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.36290083592937,\n              36.47781060258208\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.75839805924363,\n           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rcrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-6361","contributorId":5792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crow","given":"Ryan","email":"rcrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlstrom, Karl","contributorId":146274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karlstrom","given":"Karl","affiliations":[{"id":16657,"text":"Prof. UNM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Darling, Andrew","contributorId":146280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Darling","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":12431,"text":"ASU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crossey, 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Yemane","contributorId":295388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Asmerom","given":"Yemane","affiliations":[{"id":16658,"text":"UNM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schmandt, Brandon","contributorId":202750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmandt","given":"Brandon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36307,"text":"University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70189779,"text":"70189779 - 2014 - Slip rates and spatially variable creep on faults of the northern San Andreas system inferred through Bayesian inversion of Global Positioning System data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-26T11:16:12","indexId":"70189779","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slip rates and spatially variable creep on faults of the northern San Andreas system inferred through Bayesian inversion of Global Positioning System data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fault creep, depending on its rate and spatial extent, is thought to reduce earthquake hazard by releasing tectonic strain aseismically. We use Bayesian inversion and a newly expanded GPS data set to infer the deep slip rates below assigned locking depths on the San Andreas, Maacama, and Bartlett Springs Faults of Northern California and, for the latter two, the spatially variable interseismic creep rate above the locking depth. We estimate deep slip rates of 21.5 ± 0.5, 13.1 ± 0.8, and 7.5 ± 0.7 mm/yr below 16 km, 9 km, and 13 km on the San Andreas, Maacama, and Bartlett Springs Faults, respectively. We infer that on average the Bartlett Springs fault creeps from the Earth's surface to 13 km depth, and below 5 km the creep rate approaches the deep slip rate. This implies that microseismicity may extend below the locking depth; however, we cannot rule out the presence of locked patches in the seismogenic zone that could generate moderate earthquakes. Our estimated Maacama creep rate, while comparable to the inferred deep slip rate at the Earth's surface, decreases with depth, implying a slip deficit exists. The Maacama deep slip rate estimate, 13.1 mm/yr, exceeds long-term geologic slip rate estimates, perhaps due to distributed off-fault strain or the presence of multiple active fault strands. While our creep rate estimates are relatively insensitive to choice of model locking depth, insufficient independent information regarding locking depths is a source of epistemic uncertainty that impacts deep slip rate estimates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Americal Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JB010966","usgsCitation":"Murray, J.R., Minson, S., and Svarc, J.L., 2014, Slip rates and spatially variable creep on faults of the northern San Andreas system inferred through Bayesian inversion of Global Positioning System data: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 7, p. 6023-6047, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB010966.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"6023","endPage":"6047","ipdsId":"IP-053849","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140911-075334731","text":"External Repository"},{"id":344324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5,\n              40.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -124,\n              40.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -124,\n              37.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5979aa57e4b0ec1a488b8c30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, Jessica R. 0000-0002-6144-1681 jrmurray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-1681","contributorId":2759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Jessica","email":"jrmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minson, Sarah E.","contributorId":195132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Minson","given":"Sarah E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Svarc, Jerry L. 0000-0002-2802-4528 jsvarc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2802-4528","contributorId":2413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"Jerry","email":"jsvarc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187381,"text":"70187381 - 2014 - Fishing for Northern Pike in Minnesota: A comparison of anglers and dark house spearers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-01T11:15:03","indexId":"70187381","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fishing for Northern Pike in Minnesota: A comparison of anglers and dark house spearers","docAbstract":"<p><span>In order to project fishing effort and demand of individuals targeting Northern Pike </span><i>Esox lucius</i><span> in Minnesota, it is important to understand the catch orientations, management preferences, and site choice preferences of those individuals. Northern Pike are specifically targeted by about 35% of the approximately 1.5 million licensed anglers in Minnesota and by approximately 14,000–15,000 dark house spearers. Dark house spearing is a traditional method of harvesting fish through the ice in winter. Mail surveys were distributed to three research strata: anglers targeting Northern Pike, dark house spearing license holders spearing Northern Pike, and dark house spearing license holders angling for Northern Pike. Dark house spearers, whether spearing or angling, reported a stronger orientation toward keeping Northern Pike than did anglers. Anglers reported a stronger orientation toward catching large Northern Pike than did dark house spearers when spearing or angling. Northern Pike regulations were the most important attribute affecting site choice for respondents in all three strata. Models for all strata indicated a preference for lakes without protected slot limits. However, protected slot limits had a stronger negative influence on lake preference for dark house spearing licensees (whether spearing or angling) than for anglers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2014.910573","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, S., and Fulton, D.C., 2014, Fishing for Northern Pike in Minnesota: A comparison of anglers and dark house spearers: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 34, no. 3, p. 678-691, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2014.910573.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"678","endPage":"691","ipdsId":"IP-049321","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"34","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59084930e4b0fc4e448ffd78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Susan A.","contributorId":78235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Susan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fulton, David C. 0000-0001-5763-7887 dcf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5763-7887","contributorId":2208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"David","email":"dcf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70188046,"text":"70188046 - 2014 - Scale criticality in estimating ecosystem carbon dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T15:24:10","indexId":"70188046","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scale criticality in estimating ecosystem carbon dynamics","docAbstract":"<p><span>Scaling is central to ecology and Earth system sciences. However, the importance of scale (i.e. resolution and extent) for understanding carbon dynamics across scales is poorly understood and quantified. We simulated carbon dynamics under a wide range of combinations of resolution (nine spatial resolutions of 250&nbsp;m, 500&nbsp;m, 1&nbsp;km, 2&nbsp;km, 5&nbsp;km, 10&nbsp;km, 20&nbsp;km, 50&nbsp;km, and 100&nbsp;km) and extent (57 geospatial extents ranging from 108 to 1&nbsp;247&nbsp;034&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span>) in the southeastern United States to explore the existence of scale dependence of the simulated regional carbon balance. Results clearly show the existence of a critical threshold resolution for estimating carbon sequestration within a given extent and an error limit. Furthermore, an invariant power law scaling relationship was found between the critical resolution and the spatial extent as the critical resolution is proportional to </span><i>A</i><sup><i>n</i></sup><span> (</span><i>n</i><span> is a constant, and </span><i>A</i><span> is the extent). Scale criticality and the power law relationship might be driven by the power law probability distributions of land surface and ecological quantities including disturbances at landscape to regional scales. The current overwhelming practices without considering scale criticality might have largely contributed to difficulties in balancing carbon budgets at regional and global scales.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12496","usgsCitation":"Zhao, S., and Liu, S., 2014, Scale criticality in estimating ecosystem carbon dynamics: Global Change Biology, v. 20, no. 7, p. 2240-2251, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12496.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2240","endPage":"2251","ipdsId":"IP-039665","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12496","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341876,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84c3e4b092b266f10d81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhao, Shuqing","contributorId":9152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"Shuqing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70192171,"text":"70192171 - 2014 - Implications of next generation attenuation ground motion prediction equations for site coefficients used in earthquake resistant design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-28T16:28:37.813748","indexId":"70192171","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1434,"text":"Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of next generation attenuation ground motion prediction equations for site coefficients used in earthquake resistant design","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Proposals are developed to update Tables 11.4-1 and 11.4-2 of Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures published as American Society of Civil Engineers Structural Engineering Institute standard 7-10 (ASCE/SEI 7–10). The updates are mean next generation attenuation (NGA) site coefficients inferred directly from the four NGA ground motion prediction equations used to derive the maximum considered earthquake response maps adopted in ASCE/SEI 7–10. Proposals include the recommendation to use straight-line interpolation to infer site coefficients at intermediate values of<span>&nbsp;</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/a4f14e15-dbae-4e55-ab1e-52d76a997121/eqe2400-math-0001.png\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:00988847:media:eqe2400:eqe2400-math-0001\" data-mce-src=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/a4f14e15-dbae-4e55-ab1e-52d76a997121/eqe2400-math-0001.png\">(average shear velocity to 30-m depth). The NGA coefficients are shown to agree well with adopted site coefficients at low levels of input motion (0.1 g) and those observed from the Loma Prieta earthquake. For higher levels of input motion, the majority of the adopted values are within the 95% epistemic-uncertainty limits implied by the NGA estimates with the exceptions being the mid-period site coefficient,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>F</i><sub><i>v</i></sub>, for site class D and the short-period coefficient,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>F</i><sub><i>a</i></sub>, for site class C, both of which are slightly less than the corresponding 95% limit. The NGA data base shows that the median value<span>&nbsp;</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/3250907a-2378-4674-8c1a-f04f935d1b51/eqe2400-math-0002.png\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:00988847:media:eqe2400:eqe2400-math-0002\" data-mce-src=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/3250907a-2378-4674-8c1a-f04f935d1b51/eqe2400-math-0002.png\"><span>&nbsp;</span>of 913 m/s for site class B is more typical than 760 m/s as a value to characterize firm to hard rock sites as the uniform ground condition for future maximum considered earthquake response ground motion estimates. Future updates of NGA ground motion prediction equations can be incorporated easily into future adjustments of adopted site coefficients using procedures presented herein. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Earthquake Engineering &amp; Structural Dynamics</i><span>&nbsp;</span>published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eqe.2400","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R.D., 2014, Implications of next generation attenuation ground motion prediction equations for site coefficients used in earthquake resistant design: Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, v. 43, no. 9, p. 1343-1360, https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2400.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1343","endPage":"1360","ipdsId":"IP-045457","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2400","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":350993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7586dde4b00f54eb1d820e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70193806,"text":"70193806 - 2014 - Using passive integrated transponder (PIT) systems for terrestrial detection of blue-spotted salamanders (Ambystoma laterale) in situ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T09:39:13","indexId":"70193806","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Using passive integrated transponder (PIT) systems for terrestrial detection of blue-spotted salamanders (<i>Ambystoma laterale</i>) in situ","title":"Using passive integrated transponder (PIT) systems for terrestrial detection of blue-spotted salamanders (Ambystoma laterale) in situ","docAbstract":"<p>Pure-diploid Blue-spotted Salamanders (<i>Ambystoma laterale</i>) are the smallest members of the family Ambystomatidae which makes tracking with radio-transmitters difficult because of small battery capacity. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags provide another tracking approach for small fossorial animals such as salamanders. We evaluated the use of portable PIT tag readers (PIT packs) to detect PIT tag-implanted pure-diploid Blue-spotted Salamanders in situ. We also examined the detection probability of salamanders with PIT tags held in enclosures in wetland and terrestrial habitats, as well as the underground detection range of PIT packs by scanning for buried tags not implanted into salamanders. Of the 532 PIT tagged salamanders, we detected 6.84% at least once during scanning surveys. We scanned systematically within a 13.37 ha area surrounding a salamander breeding pool on 34 occasions (~119 hours of survey time) and detected PIT tags 74 times. We detected 55% of PITs in tagged salamanders and 45%were expelled tags. We were able to reliably detect buried PIT tags from 1–22cm below the ground surface. Because nearly half the locations represented expelled tags, our data suggest this technique is inappropriate for future studies of pure-diploid Blue-spotted Salamanders, although it may be suitable for polyploid Blue-spotted Salamanders and other ambystomatid species, which are larger in size and may exhibit higher tag retention rates. It may also be prudent to conduct long-term tag retention studies in captivity before tagging and releasing salamanders for in situ study, and to double-mark individuals.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","usgsCitation":"Ryan, K.J., Zydlewski, J.D., and Calhoun, A.J., 2014, Using passive integrated transponder (PIT) systems for terrestrial detection of blue-spotted salamanders (Ambystoma laterale) in situ: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 9, no. 1, p. 97-105.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"105","ipdsId":"IP-046107","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":348228,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/contents_vol9_issue1.html"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07ed19e4b09af898c8cd41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryan, Kevin J.","contributorId":169710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calhoun, Aram J.K.","contributorId":93829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calhoun","given":"Aram","email":"","middleInitial":"J.K.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70193628,"text":"70193628 - 2014 - Low-frequency earthquakes reveal punctuated slow slip on the deep extent of the Alpine Fault, New Zealand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T13:29:15","indexId":"70193628","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-frequency earthquakes reveal punctuated slow slip on the deep extent of the Alpine Fault, New Zealand","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present the first evidence of low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) associated with the deep extension of the transpressional Alpine Fault beneath the central Southern Alps of New Zealand. Our database comprises a temporally continuous 36 month-long catalog of 8760 LFEs within 14 families. To generate this catalog, we first identify 14 primary template LFEs within known periods of seismic tremor and use these templates to detect similar events in an iterative stacking and cross-correlation routine. The hypocentres of 12 of the 14 LFE families lie within 10 km of the inferred location of the Alpine Fault at depths of approximately 20–30 km, in a zone of high P-wave attenuation, low P-wave speeds, and high seismic reflectivity. The LFE catalog consists of persistent, discrete events punctuated by swarm-like bursts of activity associated with previously and newly identified tremor periods. The magnitudes of the LFEs range between&nbsp;</span><i>M<sub>L</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>– 0.8 and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>M<sub>L</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>1.8, with an average of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>M<sub>L</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>0.5. We find that the frequency-magnitude distribution of the LFE catalog both as a whole and within individual families is not consistent with a power law, but that individual families' frequency-amplitude distributions approximate an exponential relationship, suggestive of a characteristic length-scale of failure. We interpret this LFE activity to represent quasi-continuous slip on the deep extent of the Alpine Fault, with LFEs highlighting asperities within an otherwise steadily creeping region of the fault.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014GC005436","usgsCitation":"Chamberlain, C.J., Shelly, D.R., Townend, J., and Stern, T., 2014, Low-frequency earthquakes reveal punctuated slow slip on the deep extent of the Alpine Fault, New Zealand: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 15, no. 7, p. 2984-2999, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GC005436.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2984","endPage":"2999","ipdsId":"IP-056647","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gc005436","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","otherGeospatial":"Alpine Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              169.75,\n              -44\n            ],\n            [\n              170.5,\n              -44\n            ],\n            [\n              170.5,\n              -43.25\n            ],\n            [\n              169.75,\n              -43.25\n            ],\n            [\n              169.75,\n              -44\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eaae4b0531197b27fa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chamberlain, Calum J.","contributorId":199692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chamberlain","given":"Calum","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Townend, John","contributorId":94568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townend","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stern, T.A.","contributorId":53544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70159965,"text":"70159965 - 2014 - Oxygen isotope systematics in the aragonite-CO2-H2O-NaCl system up to 0.7 mol/kg ionic strength at 25 °C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-04T16:53:09","indexId":"70159965","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen isotope systematics in the aragonite-CO2-H2O-NaCl system up to 0.7 mol/kg ionic strength at 25 °C","docAbstract":"<p>To investigate the oxygen isotope systematics in the aragonite-CO2-H2O-NaCl system, witherite (BaCO3) was precipitated quasi-instantaneously and quantitatively from Na-Cl-Ba-CO2 solutions of seawater-like ionic strength (I = 0.7 mol/kg) at two pH values (~7.9 and ~10.6) at 25 &deg;C. The oxygen isotope composition of the witherite and the dissolved inorganic carbon speciation in the starting solution were used to estimate the oxygen isotope fractionations between HCO3&macr; and H2O as well as between CO3 2 and H2O. Given the analytical error on the oxygen isotope composition of the witherite and uncertainties of the parent solution pH and speciation, oxygen isotope fractionation between NaHCO3&deg; and HCO3&macr;, as well as between NaCO3&macr; and CO3 2, is negligible under the experimental conditions investigated. The influence of dissolved NaCl concentration on the oxygen isotope fractionation in the aragonite-CO2-H2O-NaCl system also was investigated at 25 &deg;C. Aragonite was precipitated from Na-Cl-Ca-Mg-(B)-CO2 solutions of seawater-like ionic strength using passive CO2 degassing or constant addition methods. Based upon our new experimental observations and published experimental data from lower ionic strength solutions by Kim et al. (2007b), the equilibrium aragonite-water oxygen isotope fractionation factor is independent of the ionic strength of the parent solution up to 0.7 mol/kg. Hence, our study also suggests that the aragonite precipitation mechanism is not affected by the presence of sodium and chloride ions in the parent solution over the range of concentrations investigated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2014.02.050","usgsCitation":"Kim, S., Gebbinck, C.K., Mucci, A., and Coplen, T.B., 2014, Oxygen isotope systematics in the aragonite-CO2-H2O-NaCl system up to 0.7 mol/kg ionic strength at 25 °C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 137, p. 147-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.02.050.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"158","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053174","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311918,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.02.050"}],"volume":"137","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5662c755e4b06a3ea36c67c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, Sang-Tae","contributorId":146204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"Sang-Tae","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16624,"text":"School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, ON, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gebbinck, Christa Klein","contributorId":150280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gebbinck","given":"Christa","email":"","middleInitial":"Klein","affiliations":[{"id":17956,"text":"School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mucci, Alfonso","contributorId":150281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mucci","given":"Alfonso","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17957,"text":"GEOTOP and Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70161754,"text":"70161754 - 2014 -  U.S. Geological Survey's ShakeCast: A cloud-based future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-17T14:41:49","indexId":"70161754","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":" U.S. Geological Survey's ShakeCast: A cloud-based future","docAbstract":"When an earthquake occurs, the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) ShakeMap \nportrays the extent of potentially damaging shaking. In turn, the ShakeCast \nsystem, a freely-available, post-earthquake situational awareness application, \nautomatically retrieves earthquake shaking data from ShakeMap, compares\n intensity measures against users’ facilities, sends notifications of potential\n damage to responsible parties, and generates facility damage assessment \nmaps and other web-based products for emergency managers and responders. \nShakeCast is particularly suitable for earthquake planning and response purposes \nby Departments of Transportation (DOTs), critical facility and lifeline utilities, \nlarge businesses, engineering and financial services, and loss and risk modelers. \nRecent important developments to the ShakeCast system and its user base are \ndescribed. The newly-released Version 3 of the ShakeCast system encompasses \nadvancements in seismology, earthquake engineering, and information\n technology applicable to the legacy ShakeCast installation (Version 2). In\n particular, this upgrade includes a full statistical fragility analysis framework for \ngeneral assessment of structures as part of the near real-time system, direct \naccess to additional earthquake-specific USGS products besides ShakeMap \n(PAGER, DYFI?, tectonic summary, etc.), significant improvements in the \ngraphical user interface, including a console view for operations centers, and\n custom, user-defined hazard and loss modules. The release also introduces a \nnew adaption option to port ShakeCast to the \"cloud\". Employing Amazon \nWeb Services (AWS), users now have a low-cost alternative to local hosting,\n by fully offloading hardware, software, and communication obligations to the\n cloud. Other advantages of the \"ShakeCast Cloud\" strategy include (1) \nReliability and robustness of offsite operations, (2) Scalability naturally \naccommodated, (3), Serviceability, problems reduced due to software and \nhardware uniformity, (4) Testability, freely available for new users, (5) Remotely\n supported, allowing expert-facilitated maintenance, (6) Adoptability, \nsimplified with disk images, and (7) Security, built in at the very high level\n associated with AWS. The ShakeCast user base continues to expand and \nbroaden. For example, Caltrans, the prototypical ShakeCast user and\n development supporter, has been providing guidance to other DOTs on the \nuse of the National Bridge Inventory (NBI) database to implement\n fully-functional ShakeCast systems in their states. A long-term goal underway\n is to further \"connect the DOTs\" via a Transportation Pooled Fund (TPF) with \nparticipating state DOTs. We also review some of the many other users and \nuses of ShakeCast. Lastly, on the hazard input front, we detail related \nShakeMap improvements and ongoing advancements in estimating the \nlikelihood of shaking-induced secondary hazards at structures, facilities, \nbridges, and along roadways due to landslides and liquefaction, and\n implemented within the ShakeCast framework.","language":"English","publisher":"Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation","doi":"10.4231/D32Z12Q20","usgsCitation":"Wald, D.J., Lin, K., Turner, L., and Bekiri, N., 2014,  U.S. Geological Survey's ShakeCast: A cloud-based future, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.4231/D32Z12Q20.","productDescription":"11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-055124","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339813,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f5d443e4b0f2e20545e427","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lin, Kuo-Wan klin@usgs.gov","contributorId":152049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Kuo-Wan","email":"klin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turner, Loren","contributorId":26408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Loren","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bekiri, Nebi","contributorId":152050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bekiri","given":"Nebi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":587671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174907,"text":"70174907 - 2014 - Collaborative socioeconomic tool development to address management and planning needs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-21T08:48:55","indexId":"70174907","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1809,"text":"George Wright Society Forum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Collaborative socioeconomic tool development to address management and planning needs","docAbstract":"<p>Public lands and resources managed by the National Park Service (NPS) and other land management agencies provide a wide range of social and economic benefits to both nearby local communities and society as a whole, ranging from job creation, to access to unique recreational opportunities, to subsistence and tribal uses of the land. Over the years, there has been an increased need to identify and analyze the socioeconomic effects of the public&rsquo;s use of NPS lands and resources, and the wide range of NPS land management decisions. This need stems from laws such as the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), increased litigation and appeals on NPS management decisions, as well as an overall need to demonstrate how parks benefit communities and the American public. To address these needs, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and NPS have an ongoing partnership to collaboratively develop socioeconomic tools to support planning needs and resource management. This article discusses two such tools. The first, Assessing Socioeconomic Planning Needs (ASPN), was developed to help NPS planners and managers identify key social and economic issues that can arise as a result of land management actions. The second tool, the Visitor Spending Effects (VSE) model, provides a specific example of a type of analysis that may be recommended by ASPN. The remainder of this article discusses the development, main features, and plans for future versions and applications of both ASPN and the VSE.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"George Wright Society","usgsCitation":"Richardson, L.A., Huber, C., Cullinane Thomas, C., Donovan, E., and Koontz, L.M., 2014, Collaborative socioeconomic tool development to address management and planning needs: George Wright Society Forum, v. 31, no. 2, p. 205-214.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"214","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056753","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325491,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.georgewright.org/node/10198"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5791f22ce4b0a1ebd3ad4c74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richardson, Leslie A. lrichardson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"Leslie","email":"lrichardson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huber, Christopher 0000-0001-8446-8134 chuber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8446-8134","contributorId":127600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"Christopher","email":"chuber@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cullinane Thomas, Catherine 0000-0001-8168-1271 ccullinanethomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8168-1271","contributorId":141097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cullinane Thomas","given":"Catherine","email":"ccullinanethomas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Donovan, Elizabeth edonovan@usgs.gov","contributorId":5179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Elizabeth","email":"edonovan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koontz, Lynne M.","contributorId":26167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70171449,"text":"70171449 - 2014 - Avian response to timber harvesting applied experimentally to manage Cerulean Warbler breeding populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-31T14:06:30","indexId":"70171449","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian response to timber harvesting applied experimentally to manage Cerulean Warbler breeding populations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Timber harvesting has been proposed as a management tool to enhance breeding habitat for the Cerulean Warbler (</span><i>Setophaga cerulea</i><span>), a declining Neotropical&ndash;Nearctic migratory songbird that nests in the canopy of mature eastern deciduous forests. To evaluate how this single-species management focus might fit within an ecologically based management approach for multiple forest birds, we performed a manipulative experiment using four treatments (three intensities of timber harvests and an unharvested control) at each of seven study areas within the core Cerulean Warbler breeding range. We collected pre-harvest (one year) and post-harvest (four years) data on the territory density of Cerulean Warblers and six additional focal species, avian community relative abundance, and several key habitat variables. We evaluated the avian and habitat responses across the 3&ndash;32&nbsp;m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;ha</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;residual basal area (RBA) range of the treatments. Cerulean Warbler territory density peaked with medium RBA (&sim;16&nbsp;m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;ha</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>). In contrast, territory densities of the other focal species were negatively related to RBA (e.g., Hooded Warbler [</span><i>Setophaga citrina</i><span>]), were positively related to RBA (e.g., Ovenbird [</span><i>Seiurus aurocapilla</i><span>]), or were not sensitive to this measure (Scarlet Tanager [</span><i>Piranga olivacea</i><span>]). Some species (e.g., Hooded Warbler) increased with time post-treatment and were likely tied to a developing understory, whereas declines (e.g., Ovenbird) were immediate. Relative abundance responses of additional species were consistent with the territory density responses of the focal species. Across the RBA gradient, greatest separation in the avian community was between early successional forest species (e.g., Yellow-breasted Chat [</span><i>Icteria virens</i><span>]) and closed-canopy mature forest species (e.g., Ovenbird), with the Cerulean Warbler and other species located intermediate to these two extremes. Overall, our results suggest that harvests within 10&ndash;20&nbsp;m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;ha</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;RBA yield the largest increases in Cerulean Warblers, benefit additional disturbance-dependent species, and may retain closed-canopy species but at reduced levels. Harvests outside the optimum RBA range for Cerulean Warblers can support bird assemblages specifically associated with early or late (closed-canopy) successional stages.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2013.07.037","usgsCitation":"Sheehan, J., Wood, P.B., Buehler, D.A., Keyser, P.D., Larkin, J.L., Rodewald, A.D., Wigley, T.B., Boves, T.J., George, G.A., Bakermans, M.H., Beachy, T.A., Evans, A., McDermott, M., Newell, F.L., Perkins, K.A., and White, M., 2014, Avian response to timber harvesting applied experimentally to manage Cerulean Warbler breeding populations: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 321, p. 5-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.07.037.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044515","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321934,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"321","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5b1e4b0ee97d51a8392","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheehan, James","contributorId":169745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheehan","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Petra Bohall pbwood@usgs.gov","contributorId":1791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Petra","email":"pbwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bohall","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":631001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buehler, David A.","contributorId":169746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buehler","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keyser, Patrick D.","contributorId":146945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keyser","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larkin, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":169747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larkin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17929,"text":"American Bird Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":34542,"text":"Department of Biology. Indiana University of Pennsylvania","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rodewald, Amanda D.","contributorId":169748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodewald","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wigley, T. Bently","contributorId":169749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wigley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bently","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Boves, Than J.","contributorId":169750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boves","given":"Than","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"George, Gregory A.","contributorId":169751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"George","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bakermans, Marja H.","contributorId":169752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bakermans","given":"Marja","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":33354,"text":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Beachy, Tiffany A.","contributorId":169753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beachy","given":"Tiffany","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Evans, Andrea","contributorId":169754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"McDermott, Molly E. 0000-0002-0000-0831","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-0831","contributorId":169743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDermott","given":"Molly E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Newell, Felicity L.","contributorId":169755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newell","given":"Felicity","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Perkins, Kelly A.","contributorId":169756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"White, Matthew","contributorId":169757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":70185703,"text":"70185703 - 2014 - Snowfall less sensitive to warming in Karakoram than in Himalayas due to a unique seasonal cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T10:09:07","indexId":"70185703","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Snowfall less sensitive to warming in Karakoram than in Himalayas due to a unique seasonal cycle","docAbstract":"<p><span>The high mountains of Asia, including the Karakoram, Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, combine to form a region of perplexing hydroclimate changes. Glaciers have exhibited mass stability or even expansion in the Karakoram region</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-1\" title=\"Bolch, T. et al. The state and fate of Himalayan glaciers. Science 366, 310-314 (2012).\" href=\"http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v7/n11/full/ngeo2269.html#ref1\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v7/n11/full/ngeo2269.html#ref1\">1</a>, <a id=\"ref-link-2\" title=\"Hewitt, K. The Karakoram anomaly? Glacier expansion and the /`elevation effect,/' Karakoram Himalaya. Mt. Res. Dev. 25, 332-340 (2005).\" href=\"http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v7/n11/full/ngeo2269.html#ref2\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v7/n11/full/ngeo2269.html#ref2\">2</a>, <a id=\"ref-link-3\" title=\"Gardelle, J., Berthier, E. &amp; Arnaud, Y. Slight mass gain of Karakoram glaciers in the early twenty-first century. Nature Geosci. 5, 322-325 (2012).\" href=\"http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v7/n11/full/ngeo2269.html#ref3\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v7/n11/full/ngeo2269.html#ref3\">3</a></sup><span>, contrasting with glacial mass loss across the nearby Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-4\" title=\"Bolch, T. et al. The state and fate of Himalayan glaciers. Science 366, 310-314 (2012).\" href=\"http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v7/n11/full/ngeo2269.html#ref1\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v7/n11/full/ngeo2269.html#ref1\">1</a>, <a id=\"ref-link-5\" title=\"Kang, S. et al. Review of climate and cryospheric change in the Tibetan Plateau. Environ. Res. Lett. 5, 015101 (2010).\" href=\"http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v7/n11/full/ngeo2269.html#ref4\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v7/n11/full/ngeo2269.html#ref4\">4</a></sup><span>, a pattern that has been termed the Karakoram anomaly. However, the remote location, complex terrain and multi-country fabric of high-mountain Asia have made it difficult to maintain longer-term monitoring systems of the meteorological components that may have influenced glacial change. Here we compare a set of high-resolution climate model simulations from 1861 to 2100 with the latest available observations to focus on the distinct seasonal cycles and resulting climate change signatures of Asia’s high-mountain ranges. We find that the Karakoram seasonal cycle is dominated by non-monsoonal winter precipitation, which uniquely protects it from reductions in annual snowfall under climate warming over the twenty-first century. The simulations show that climate change signals are detectable only with long and continuous records, and at specific elevations. Our findings suggest a meteorological mechanism for regional differences in the glacier response to climate&nbsp;warming.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/ngeo2269","usgsCitation":"Kapnick, S.B., Delworth, T.L., Ashfaq, M., Malyshev, S., and Milly, P., 2014, Snowfall less sensitive to warming in Karakoram than in Himalayas due to a unique seasonal cycle: Nature Geoscience, v. 7, p. 834-840, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2269.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"834","endPage":"840","ipdsId":"IP-057644","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338443,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7631e4b0ee37af29e4a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kapnick, Sarah B.","contributorId":189908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kapnick","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delworth, Thomas L.","contributorId":189909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delworth","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ashfaq, Moetasim","contributorId":189910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ashfaq","given":"Moetasim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Malyshev, Sergey","contributorId":189177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malyshev","given":"Sergey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Milly, Paul C.D. 0000-0003-4389-3139 cmilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-3139","contributorId":2119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"Paul C.D.","email":"cmilly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":686453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70101297,"text":"70101297 - 2014 - Mineral Resource of the Month: Niobium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T12:19:59","indexId":"70101297","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral Resource of the Month: Niobium","docAbstract":"<p><span>Niobium, also called columbium, is a transition metal with a very high melting point. It is in greatest demand in industrialized countries, like the United States, because of its defense-related uses in the aerospace, energy and transportation industries. Niobium is used mostly to make high-strength, low-alloy (HSLA) steel and stainless steel. HSLA steels are used in large-diameter pipes for oil and natural gas pipelines and automobile wheels.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Papp, J.F., 2014, Mineral Resource of the Month: Niobium: Earth, v. July 2014, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055996","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325020,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.earthmagazine.org/issues/july-2014"}],"volume":"July 2014","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784c340e4b0e02680be59a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Papp, John F. jpapp@usgs.gov","contributorId":2895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papp","given":"John","email":"jpapp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}