{"pageNumber":"131","pageRowStart":"3250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16458,"records":[{"id":70155852,"text":"70155852 - 2014 - Nitrogen transport within an agricultural landscape: insights on how hydrology, biogeochemistry, and the landscape intersect to control the fate and transport of nitrogen in the Mississippi Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-13T09:31:04","indexId":"70155852","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen transport within an agricultural landscape: insights on how hydrology, biogeochemistry, and the landscape intersect to control the fate and transport of nitrogen in the Mississippi Delta","docAbstract":"<p>Nitrogen (N) is a ubiquitous contaminant throughout agricultural landscapes due to both the application of inorganic and organic fertilizers to agricultural fields and the general persistence of nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub> ) in oxygenated aqueous environments (Denver et al. 2010; Domagalski et al. 2008; Green et al. 2008; Coupe 2001; Nolan and Stoner 2000). In order to understand why excess N occurs various hydrologic systems (environments), it is important to consider potential sources, the locations of these sources in the watershed, and the timing of the application of sources with respect to the movement of water. To learn how to manage N in a watershed, it is necessary to identify and quantify flow paths and biogeochemical conditions, which ultimately combine to determine transport and fate. If sources, transport mechanisms, and biogeochemical controls were uniformly distributed, it would be possible to manage N uniformly throughout a watershed. However, uniform conditions are rare to nonexistent in the natural world and in the landscape altered for agricultural production. In order to adjust management activities on the landscape to have the greatest effect, it is important to understand the fate and transport N within the intersection of hydrology and biogeochemistry, that is, to understand the extent and duration of the hydrologic and biogeochemical controls as N is routed through and among each hydrologic compartment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Soil and Water Conservation Society","publisherLocation":"Ankeny, IA","doi":"10.2489/jswc.69.1.11A","usgsCitation":"Barlow, J.R., and Kröger, R., 2014, Nitrogen transport within an agricultural landscape: insights on how hydrology, biogeochemistry, and the landscape intersect to control the fate and transport of nitrogen in the Mississippi Delta: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 69, no. 1, p. 11A-16A, https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.69.1.11A.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"11A","endPage":"16A","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052573","costCenters":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Delta","volume":"69","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfbae4b08400b1fe1423","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, Jeannie R. B. 0000-0002-0799-4656 jbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-4656","contributorId":3701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Jeannie","email":"jbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R. B.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kröger, Robert","contributorId":146206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kröger","given":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":16626,"text":"Assistant Professor, Aquatic Sciences, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70193843,"text":"70193843 - 2014 - Best practices for continuous monitoring of temperature and flow in wadeable streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-21T10:25:40","indexId":"70193843","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"EPA/600/R-13/170F","title":"Best practices for continuous monitoring of temperature and flow in wadeable streams","docAbstract":"<p>The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) is working with its regional offices, states, tribes, river basin commissions and other entities to establish Regional Monitoring Networks (RMNs) for freshwater wadeable streams. To the extent possible, uninterrupted, biological, temperature and hydrologic data will be collected on an ongoing basis at RMN sites, which are primarily located on smaller, minimally disturbed forested streams. The primary purpose of this document is to provide guidance on how to collect accurate, year-round temperature and hydrologic data at ungaged wadeable stream sites. It addresses questions related to equipment needs, sensor configuration, sensor placement, installation techniques, data retrieval, and data processing. This guidance is intended to increase comparability of continuous temperature and hydrologic data collection at RMN sites and to ensure that the data are of sufficient quality to be used in future analyses. It also addresses challenges posed by year-round deployments. These data will be used for detecting temporal trends; providing information that will allow for a better understanding of relationships between biological, thermal, and hydrologic data; predicting and analyzing climate change impacts and quantifying natural variability.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Stamp, J., Hamilton, A.I., Craddock, M., Parker, L., Roy, A.H., Isaak, D.J., Holden, Z., Passmore, M., and Bierwagen, B., 2014, Best practices for continuous monitoring of temperature and flow in wadeable streams, Report: xiv, 70; Appendixes A-K.","productDescription":"Report: xiv, 70; Appendixes A-K","ipdsId":"IP-056036","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350116,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350115,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=280013"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610030e4b06e28e9c2539d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stamp, Jen","contributorId":201414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stamp","given":"Jen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16286,"text":"Tetra Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, Anna I.","contributorId":201415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":16286,"text":"Tetra Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":725231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Craddock, Michelle","contributorId":201416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craddock","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parker, Laila","contributorId":201417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"Laila","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Isaak, Daniel J.","contributorId":57202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaak","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Holden, Zachary","contributorId":201418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holden","given":"Zachary","affiliations":[{"id":35842,"text":"U.S. Forest Service Northern Region, Missoula","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Passmore, Margaret","contributorId":201419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Passmore","given":"Margaret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bierwagen, Britta","contributorId":201420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bierwagen","given":"Britta","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70168739,"text":"70168739 - 2014 - Nitrogen cycling processes and microbial community composition in bed sediments in the Yukon River at Pilot Station","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T15:57:47","indexId":"70168739","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen cycling processes and microbial community composition in bed sediments in the Yukon River at Pilot Station","docAbstract":"<p><span>Information on the contribution of nitrogen (N)-cycling processes in bed sediments to river nutrient fluxes in large northern latitude river systems is limited. This study examined the relationship between N-cycling processes in bed sediments and N speciation and loading in the Yukon River near its mouth at the Bering Sea. We conducted laboratory bioassays to measure N-cycling processes in sediment samples collected over distinct water cycle seasons. In conjunction, the microbial community composition in the bed sediments using genes involved in N-cycling (</span><i>narG</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>napA</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>nosZ</i><span>, and&nbsp;</span><i>amoA</i><span>) and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequences was examined. Temporal variation was observed in net N mineralization, nitrate uptake, and denitrification rate potentials and correlated strongly with sediment carbon (C) and extractable N content and microbial community composition rather than with river water nutrient concentrations. The C content of the bed sediment was notably impacted by the spring flood, ranging from 1.1% in the midst of an ice-jam to 0.1% immediately after ice-out, suggesting a buildup of organic material (OM) prior to scouring of the bed sediments during ice break up. The dominant members of the microbial community that explained differences in N-processing rates belonged to the genera&nbsp;</span><i>Crenothrix</i><span>,</span><i>Flavobacterium</i><span>, and the family of Comamonadaceae. Our results suggest that biogeochemical processing rates in the bed sediments appear to be more coupled to hydrology, nutrient availability in the sediments, and microbial community composition rather than river nutrient concentrations at Pilot Station.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2014JG002707","usgsCitation":"Repert, D.A., Underwood, J., Smith, R.L., and Song, B., 2014, Nitrogen cycling processes and microbial community composition in bed sediments in the Yukon River at Pilot Station: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 119, no. 12, p. 2328-2344, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002707.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2328","endPage":"2344","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054832","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jg002707","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Pilot Station","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -162.91454315185547,\n              61.91762456647703\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.91454315185547,\n              61.94960777635835\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.82733917236328,\n              61.94960777635835\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.82733917236328,\n              61.91762456647703\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.91454315185547,\n              61.91762456647703\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56d579d7e4b015c306f1fc80","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2014jg002707","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014jg002707","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Repert Deborah A., Underwood Jennifer C., Smith Richard L., Song Bongkeun","journalName":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","publicationDate":"12/2014","auditedOn":"1/10/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Repert, Deborah A. 0000-0001-7284-1456 darepert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7284-1456","contributorId":2578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repert","given":"Deborah","email":"darepert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Underwood, Jennifer C. jcunder@usgs.gov","contributorId":4680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"Jennifer C.","email":"jcunder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Richard L. 0000-0002-3829-0125 rlsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-0125","contributorId":1592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Song, Bongkeun","contributorId":167262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Song","given":"Bongkeun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24668,"text":"University of North Carolina, Wilmington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70155235,"text":"70155235 - 2014 - Dietary breadth of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-05T11:40:15","indexId":"70155235","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dietary breadth of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","docAbstract":"<p>Grizzly bears (<i>Ursus arctos</i>) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) are opportunistic omnivores that eat a great diversity of plant and animal species. Changes in climate may affect regional vegetation, hydrology, insects, and fire regimes, likely influencing the abundance, range, and elevational distribution of the plants and animals consumed by GYE grizzly bears. Determining the dietary breadth of grizzly bears is important to document future changes in food resources and how those changes may affect the nutritional ecology of grizzlies. However, no synthesis exists of all foods consumed by grizzly bears in the GYE. We conducted a review of available literature and compiled a list of species consumed by grizzly bears in the GYE. We documented &gt;266 species within 200 genera from 4 kingdoms, including 175 plant, 37 invertebrate, 34 mammal, 7 fungi, 7 bird, 4 fish, 1 amphibian, and 1 algae species as well as 1 soil type consumed by grizzly bears. The average energy values of the ungulates (6.8 kcal/g), trout (Oncorhynchus spp., 6.1 kcal/g), and small mammals (4.5 kcal/g) eaten by grizzlies were higher than those of the plants (3.0 kcal/g) and invertebrates (2.7 kcal/g) they consumed. The most frequently detected diet items were graminoids, ants (Formicidae), whitebark pine seeds (Pinus albicaulis), clover (Trifolium spp.), and dandelion (Taraxacum spp.). The most consistently used foods on a temporal basis were graminoids, ants, whitebark pine seeds, clover, elk (Cervus elaphus), thistle (Cirsium spp.), and horsetail (Equisetum spp.). Historically, garbage was a significant diet item for grizzlies until refuse dumps were closed. Use of forbs increased after garbage was no longer readily available. The list of foods we compiled will help managers of grizzly bears and their habitat document future changes in grizzly bear food habits and how bears respond to changing food resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research & Management","doi":"10.2192/URSUS-D-13-00008.1","usgsCitation":"Gunther, K.A., Shoemaker, R., Frey, K.L., Haroldson, M.A., Cain, S.L., van Manen, F.T., and Fortin, J., 2014, Dietary breadth of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: Ursus, v. 25, no. 1, p. 60-72, https://doi.org/10.2192/URSUS-D-13-00008.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044695","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306431,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Grand Teton National Park, Grays Lake, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway, National Elk Refuge, Red Rock Lakes, Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.072265625,\n              45.174292524076726\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.808349609375,\n              45.897654534346884\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.566162109375,\n              45.73685954736049\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.3681640625,\n              45.38301927899065\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.576904296875,\n              44.68427737181225\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.0166015625,\n              43.5326204268101\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0498046875,\n              41.88592102814744\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.3466796875,\n              41.820455096140314\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.07202148437499,\n              42.98053954751642\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.039306640625,\n              42.3016903282445\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.47900390625,\n              42.779275360241904\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.072265625,\n              45.174292524076726\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c333abe4b033ef52106a89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gunther, Kerry A.","contributorId":84621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gunther","given":"Kerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5118,"text":"Yellowstone National Park, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Bear Management Office, P.O. Box 168, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shoemaker, Rebecca","contributorId":145775,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"Rebecca","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16231,"text":"Grizzly Bear Recovery Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Missoula, MT 59812, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frey, Kevin L.","contributorId":124580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frey","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5125,"text":"Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, Bear Management Office, 1400 South 19th Avenue, Bozeman, MT 59718","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haroldson, Mark A. 0000-0002-7457-7676 mharoldson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":1773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"Mark","email":"mharoldson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cain, Steven L.","contributorId":145511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cain","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16139,"text":"National Park Service, Grand Teton National Park, Moose, Wyoming 83012, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"van Manen, Frank T. 0000-0001-5340-8489 fvanmanen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-8489","contributorId":2267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Manen","given":"Frank","email":"fvanmanen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fortin, Jennifer K. jfortin-noreus@usgs.gov","contributorId":5419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortin","given":"Jennifer K.","email":"jfortin-noreus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70168667,"text":"70168667 - 2014 - Disturbance to desert soil ecosystems contributes to dust-mediated impacts at regional scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-24T14:09:19","indexId":"70168667","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1006,"text":"Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disturbance to desert soil ecosystems contributes to dust-mediated impacts at regional scales","docAbstract":"<p><span>This review considers the regional scale of impacts arising from disturbance to desert soil ecosystems. Deserts occupy over one-third of the Earth&rsquo;s terrestrial surface, and biological soil covers are critical to stabilization of desert soils. Disturbance to these can contribute to massive destabilization and mobilization of dust. This results in dust storms that are transported across inter-continental distances where they have profound negative impacts. Dust deposition at high altitudes causes radiative forcing of snowpack that leads directly to altered hydrological regimes and changes to freshwater biogeochemistry. In marine environments dust deposition impacts phytoplankton diazotrophy, and causes coral reef senescence. Increasingly dust is also recognized as a threat to human health.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10531-014-0690-x","usgsCitation":"Pointing, S.B., and Belnap, J., 2014, Disturbance to desert soil ecosystems contributes to dust-mediated impacts at regional scales: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 23, no. 7, p. 1659-1667, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0690-x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1659","endPage":"1667","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068093","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56cee25ee4b015c306ec5eaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pointing, Stephen B.","contributorId":8347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pointing","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70168484,"text":"70168484 - 2014 - A multi-indicator framework for mapping cultural ecosystem services: The case of freshwater recreational fishing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-17T10:14:18","indexId":"70168484","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-indicator framework for mapping cultural ecosystem services: The case of freshwater recreational fishing","docAbstract":"<p><span>Despite recent interest, ecosystem services are not yet fully incorporated into private and public decisions about natural resource management. Cultural ecosystem services (CES) are among the most challenging of services to include because they comprise complex ecological and social properties and processes that make them difficult to measure, map or monetize. Like others, CES are vulnerable to landscape changes and unsustainable use. To date, the sustainability of services has not been adequately addressed and few studies have considered measures of service capacity and demand simultaneously. To facilitate sustainability assessments and management of CES, our study objectives were to (1) develop a spatially explicit framework for mapping the capacity of ecosystems to provide freshwater recreational fishing, an important cultural service, (2) map societal demand for freshwater recreational fishing based on license data and identify areas of potential overuse, and (3) demonstrate how maps of relative capacity and relative demand could be interfaced to estimate sustainability of a CES. We mapped freshwater recreational fishing capacity at the 12-digit hydrologic unit-scale in North Carolina and Virginia using a multi-indicator service framework incorporating biophysical and social landscape metrics and mapped demand based on fishing license data. Mapping of capacity revealed a gradual decrease in capacity eastward from the mountains to the coastal plain and that fishing demand was greatest in urban areas. When comparing standardized relative measures of capacity and demand for freshwater recreational fishing, we found that ranks of capacity exceeded ranks of demand in most hydrologic units, except in 17% of North Carolina and 5% of Virginia. Our GIS-based approach to view freshwater recreational fishing through an ecosystem service lens will enable scientists and managers to examine (1) biophysical and social factors that foster or diminish cultural ecosystem services delivery, (2) demand for cultural ecosystem services relative to their capacity, and (3) ecological pressures like potential overuse that affect service sustainability. Ultimately, we expect such analyses to inform decision-making for freshwater recreational fisheries and other cultural ecosystem services.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.04.001","usgsCitation":"Villamagna, A., Mogollon, B., and Angermeier, P.L., 2014, A multi-indicator framework for mapping cultural ecosystem services: The case of freshwater recreational fishing: Ecological Indicators, v. 45, p. 255-265, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.04.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"265","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049121","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c5a7bce4b0946c6522500a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villamagna, Amy M.","contributorId":166683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Villamagna","given":"Amy M.","affiliations":[{"id":35056,"text":"Plymouth State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mogollon, Beatriz","contributorId":166682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mogollon","given":"Beatriz","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35590,"text":"USAID/USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X biota@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":166679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70158996,"text":"70158996 - 2014 - Mercury and methylmercury stream concentrations in a Coastal Plain watershed: A multi-scale simulation analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T15:47:55","indexId":"70158996","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury and methylmercury stream concentrations in a Coastal Plain watershed: A multi-scale simulation analysis","docAbstract":"<p>Mercury is a ubiquitous global environmental toxicant responsible for most US fish advisories. Processes governing mercury concentrations in rivers and streams are not well understood, particularly at multiple spatial scales. We investigate how insights gained from reach-scale mercury data and model simulations can be applied at broader watershed scales using a spatially and temporally explicit watershed hydrology and biogeochemical cycling model, VELMA. We simulate fate and transport using reach-scale (0.1 km2) study data and evaluate applications to multiple watershed scales. Reach-scale VELMA parameterization was applied to two nested sub-watersheds (28 km2 and 25 km2) and the encompassing watershed (79 km2). Results demonstrate that simulated flow and total mercury concentrations compare reasonably to observations at different scales, but simulated methylmercury concentrations are out-of-phase with observations. These findings suggest that intricacies of methylmercury biogeochemical cycling and transport are under-represented in VELMA and underscore the complexity of simulating mercury fate and transport.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2013.12.026","usgsCitation":"Knightes, C.D., Golden, H., Journey, C.A., Davis, G.M., Conrads, P., Marvin-DiPasquale, M., Brigham, M.E., and Bradley, P.M., 2014, Mercury and methylmercury stream concentrations in a Coastal Plain watershed: A multi-scale simulation analysis: Environmental Pollution, v. 187, p. 182-192, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.12.026.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"182","endPage":"192","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063377","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"McTier Creek Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.60507202148438,\n              33.75060604160645\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.60507202148438,\n              33.821370991333076\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.51168823242188,\n              33.821370991333076\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.51168823242188,\n              33.75060604160645\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.60507202148438,\n              33.75060604160645\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"187","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"561e2b37e4b0cdb063e59cdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knightes, Christopher D.","contributorId":32666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knightes","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Golden, Heather E.","contributorId":94914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"Heather E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Gary M.","contributorId":12741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":149175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brigham, Mark E. 0000-0001-7412-6800 mbrigham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7412-6800","contributorId":1840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"Mark","email":"mbrigham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70168784,"text":"70168784 - 2014 - A continuous record of intereruption velocity change at Mount St. Helens from coda wave interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-02T14:37:05","indexId":"70168784","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A continuous record of intereruption velocity change at Mount St. Helens from coda wave interferometry","docAbstract":"<p><span>In September 2004, Mount St. Helens volcano erupted after nearly 18&thinsp;years of quiescence. However, it is unclear from the limited geophysical observations when or if the magma chamber replenished following the 1980&ndash;1986 eruptions in the years before the 2004&ndash;2008 extrusive eruption. We use coda wave interferometry with repeating earthquakes to measure small changes in the velocity structure of Mount St. Helens volcano that might indicate magmatic intrusion. By combining observations of relative velocity changes from many closely located earthquake sources, we solve for a continuous function of velocity changes with time. We find that seasonal effects dominate the relative velocity changes. Seismicity rates and repeating earthquake occurrence also vary seasonally; therefore, velocity changes and seismicity are likely modulated by snow loading, fluid saturation, and/or changes in groundwater level. We estimate hydrologic effects impart stress changes on the order of tens of kilopascals within the upper 4&thinsp;km, resulting in annual velocity variations of 0.5 to 1%. The largest nonseasonal change is a decrease in velocity at the time of the deep&nbsp;</span><i>M<span>w</span></i><span>&thinsp;=&thinsp;6.8 Nisqually earthquake. We find no systematic velocity changes during the most likely times of intrusions, consistent with a lack of observable surface deformation. We conclude that if replenishing intrusions occurred, they did not alter seismic velocities where this technique is sensitive due to either their small size or the finite compressibility of the magma chamber. We interpret the observed velocity changes and shallow seasonal seismicity as a response to small stress changes in a shallow, pressurized system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2013JB010742","usgsCitation":"Hotovec-Ellis, A.J., Gomberg, J.S., Vidale, J., and Creager, K.C., 2014, A continuous record of intereruption velocity change at Mount St. Helens from coda wave interferometry: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 3, p. 2199-2214, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010742.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2199","endPage":"2214","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052622","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jb010742","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318514,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56d81cbae4b015c306f62bb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hotovec-Ellis, Alicia J.","contributorId":81023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hotovec-Ellis","given":"Alicia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gomberg, Joan S. 0000-0002-0134-2606 gomberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-2606","contributorId":1269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"Joan","email":"gomberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vidale, John","contributorId":95804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Creager, Ken C.","contributorId":88603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creager","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70157069,"text":"70157069 - 2014 - Sources and sinks of carbon in boreal ecosystems of interior Alaska: a review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T09:18:05","indexId":"70157069","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3888,"text":"Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources and sinks of carbon in boreal ecosystems of interior Alaska: a review","docAbstract":"<p>Boreal regions store large quantities of carbon but are increasingly vulnerable to carbon loss due to disturbance and climate warming. The boreal region, underlain by discontinuous permafrost, presents a challenging landscape for itemizing current and potential carbon sources and sinks in the boreal soil and vegetation. The roles of fire, forest succession, and the presence (or absence) of permafrost on carbon cycle, vegetation, and hydrologic processes have been the focus of multidisciplinary research in this area for the past 20 years. However, projections of a warming future climate, an increase in fire severity and extent, and the potential degradation of permafrost could lead to major landscape process changes over the next 20 to 50 years. This provides a major challenge for predicting how the interplay between land management activities and impacts of climate warming will affect carbon sources and sinks in Interior Alaska. To assist land managers in adapting and managing for potential changes in the Interior Alaska carbon cycle we developed this review paper incorporating an overview of the climate, ecosystem processes, vegetation types, and soil regimes in Interior Alaska with a focus on ramifications for the carbon cycle. Our objective is to provide a synthesis of the most current carbon storage estimates and measurements to support policy and land management decisions on how to best manage carbon sources and sinks in Interior Alaska. To support this we have surveyed relevant peer reviewed estimates of carbon stocks in aboveground and belowground biomass for Interior Alaska boreal ecosystems. We have also summarized methane and carbon dioxide fluxes from the same ecosystems. These data have been converted into the same units to facilitate comparison across ecosystem compartments. We identify potential changes in the carbon cycle with climate change and human disturbance including how compounding disturbances can affect the boreal system. Finally, we provide recommendations to address the challenges facing land managers in efforts to manage carbon cycle processes. The results of this study can be used for carbon cycle management in other locations within the boreal biome which encompass a broad distribution from 45&deg; to 83&deg; north.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.12952/journal.elementa.000032","usgsCitation":"Douglas, T.A., Jones, M.C., and Hiemstra, C.A., 2014, Sources and sinks of carbon in boreal ecosystems of interior Alaska: a review: Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, v. 2, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000032.","productDescription":"39 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059810","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000032","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":308150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149.94140625,\n              63.28800124531419\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.94140625,\n              64.9188850328549\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.393310546875,\n              64.9188850328549\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.393310546875,\n              63.28800124531419\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.94140625,\n              63.28800124531419\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92d4e4b05d6c4e501ad3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, Thomas A. 0000-0003-1314-1905","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-1905","contributorId":64553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Douglas","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":33087,"text":"Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":571481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Miriam C. 0000-0002-6650-7619 miriamjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":4056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","email":"miriamjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hiemstra, Christopher A.","contributorId":147379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hiemstra","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12537,"text":"USACE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70115030,"text":"70115030 - 2014 - Feedback of land subsidence on the movement and conjunctive use of water resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T13:57:54","indexId":"70115030","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feedback of land subsidence on the movement and conjunctive use of water resources","docAbstract":"<p><span>The dependency of surface- or groundwater flows and aquifer hydraulic properties on dewatering-induced layer deformation is not available in the USGS's groundwater model MODFLOW. A new integrated hydrologic model, MODFLOW-OWHM, formulates this dependency by coupling mesh deformation with aquifer transmissivity and storage and by linking land subsidence/uplift with deformation-dependent flows that also depend on aquifer head and other flow terms. In a test example, flows most affected were stream seepage and evapotranspiration from groundwater (ET</span><sub>gw</sub><span>). Deformation feedback also had an indirect effect on conjunctive surface- and groundwater use components: Changed stream seepage and streamflows influenced surface-water deliveries and returnflows. Changed ET</span><sub>gw</sub><span>&nbsp;affected irrigation demand, which jointly with altered surface-water supplies resulted in changed supplemental groundwater requirements and pumping and changed return runoff. This modeling feature will improve the impact assessment of dewatering-induced land subsidence/uplift (following irrigation pumping or coal-seam gas extraction) on surface receptors, inter-basin transfers, and surface-infrastructure integrity.</span></p>","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.08.006","usgsCitation":"Schmid, W., Hanson, R., Leake, S., Hughes, J.D., and Niswonger, R., 2014, Feedback of land subsidence on the movement and conjunctive use of water resources: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 62, p. 253-270, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.08.006.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"270","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037701","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575fd92de4b04f417c2baa1a","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.08.006","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.08.006","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Schmid Wolfgang, Hanson R.T., Leake S.A., Hughes Joseph D., Niswonger Richard G.","journalName":"Environmental Modelling & Software","publicationDate":"12/2014","auditedOn":"11/5/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmid, Wolfgang","contributorId":84020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmid","given":"Wolfgang","affiliations":[{"id":13040,"text":"Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, Randall T.","contributorId":116764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leake, Stanley A.","contributorId":117847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G. 0000-0001-6397-2403 rniswon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6397-2403","contributorId":2833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","email":"rniswon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70191909,"text":"70191909 - 2014 - Maximizing the social and ecological value of Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina as the effects of global change processes increase.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-08T19:05:04.613428","indexId":"70191909","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T13:04:52","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Maximizing the social and ecological value of Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina as the effects of global change processes increase.","docAbstract":"Coastal ecosystems in the eastern U.S. have been severely altered by processes associated with human development, including drainage of coastal wetlands, changes in hydrology that alter sediment and freshwater delivery to the coast, land clearing, agricultural and forestry activity, and the construction of seawalls and other structures that “harden” the coast. Sea-level rise and the changing frequency of extreme events associated with climate change are now further degrading the capacity of those ecological and social systems to remain resilient in the face of disturbance, largely through the degradation and loss of land and habitat.  The goal was to develop a problem framing that would broadly reflect the type, scale and scope of SLR-adaptation decisions faced by refuges in general, and that could be used by individual refuges to help understand how their specific problems fit into a larger context of SLR planning and implementation. We worked with refuge managers in developing a common frame of reference for some shared SLR-related management problems, while also facilitating communication about these problems with other refuges and with surrounding jurisdictions.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Structured decision making workshop - Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"USFWS, National Conservation Training Center","usgsCitation":"Nilius, R., Dawsey, S., Eaton, M.J., Martin, J., Romanach, S.S., Baird, S., Bryant, M., Case, D.J., Johnson, F.A., McMahon, G., Pau, N., Pienaar, E., Ratnaswamy, M., Seibert, S., Wingrove, P., and Wood, N.J., 2014, Maximizing the social and ecological value of Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina as the effects of global change processes increase., <i>in</i> Structured decision making workshop - Report, 20 p.","productDescription":"20 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,{"id":70190303,"text":"70190303 - 2014 - Spawning patterns of Pacific Lamprey in tributaries to the Willamette River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-24T11:59:08","indexId":"70190303","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spawning patterns of Pacific Lamprey in tributaries to the Willamette River, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Addressing the ongoing decline of Pacific Lamprey&nbsp;</span><i>Entosphenus tridentatus</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>across its range along the west coast of North America requires an understanding of all life history phases. Currently, spawning surveys (redd counts) are a common tool used to monitor returning adult salmonids, but the methods are in their infancy for Pacific Lamprey. To better understand the spawning phase, our objective was to assess temporal spawning trends, redd abundance, habitat use, and spatial patterns of spawning at multiple spatial scales for Pacific Lamprey in the Willamette River basin, Oregon. Although redd density varied considerably across surveyed reaches, the observed temporal patterns of spawning were related to physical habitat and hydrologic conditions. As has been documented in studies in other basins in the Pacific Northwest, we found that redds were often constructed in pool tailouts dominated by gravel, similar to habitat used by spawning salmonids. Across the entire Willamette Basin, Pacific Lampreys appeared to select reaches with alluvial geology, likely because this is where gravel suitable for spawning accumulated. At the tributary scale, spawning patterns were not as strong, and in reaches with nonalluvial geology redds were more spatially clumped than in reaches with alluvial geology. These results can be used to help identify and conserve Pacific Lamprey spawning habitat across the Pacific Northwest.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2014.949013","usgsCitation":"Mayfield, M., Schultz, L., Wyss, L.A., Clemens, B.J., and Schreck, C.B., 2014, Spawning patterns of Pacific Lamprey in tributaries to the Willamette River, Oregon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 143, no. 6, p. 1544-1554, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.949013.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1544","endPage":"1554","ipdsId":"IP-056801","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.949013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","volume":"143","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599fe5bae4b038630d022107","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mayfield, M.P.","contributorId":195833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayfield","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schultz, Luke 0000-0002-6751-4626 lschultz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6751-4626","contributorId":193171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Luke","email":"lschultz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wyss, Lance A.","contributorId":195114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wyss","given":"Lance","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clemens, B. J.","contributorId":119936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemens","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schreck, Carl B. 0000-0001-8347-1139 carl.schreck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-1139","contributorId":878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"Carl","email":"carl.schreck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70191534,"text":"70191534 - 2014 - Micro-seismicity and seismic moment release within the Coso Geothermal Field, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T15:02:52","indexId":"70191534","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Micro-seismicity and seismic moment release within the Coso Geothermal Field, California","docAbstract":"We relocate 16 years of seismicity in the Coso Geothermal Field (CGF) using differential travel times and simultaneously invert for seismic velocities to improve our knowledge of the subsurface geologic and hydrologic structure. We expand on our previous results by doubling the number of relocated events from April 1996 through May 2012 using a new field-wide 3-D velocity model. Relocated micro-seismicity sharpens in many portions of the active geothermal reservoir, likely defining large-scale fault zones and fluid pressure compartment boundaries. However, a significant fraction of seismicity remains diffuse and does not cluster into sharply defined structures, suggesting that permeability is maintained within the reservoir through distributed brittle failure. The seismic velocity structure reveals heterogeneous distributions of compressional (Vp) and shear (Vs) wave speed, with Vs generally higher in the Main Field and East Flank and Vp remaining relatively uniform across the CGF, but with significant local variations. The Vp/Vs ratio appears to outline the two main producing compartments of the reservoir at depths below mean ground level of approximately 1 to 2.5 km, with a ridge of relatively high Vp/Vs separating the Main Field from the East Flank. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal variations in earthquake relocations and cumulative seismic moment release in the East Flank reveal three regions with persistently high rates of seismic activity. Two of these regions exhibit sharp, stationary boundaries at the margins of the East Flank that likely represent barriers to fluid flow and advective heat transport. However, seismicity and moment release in a third region at the northern end of the East Flank spread over time to form an elongated NE to SW structure, roughly parallel both to an elongated cluster of seismicity at the southern end of the East Flank and to regional fault traces mapped at the surface. Our results indicate that high-precision relocations of micro-seismicity and simultaneous velocity inversions in conjunction with mapping of seismic moment release can provide useful insights into subsurface structural features and hydrologic compartmentalization within the Coso Geothermal Field.","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Thirty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Thirty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering","conferenceDate":"February 24-26, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Stanford, California","language":"English","publisher":"Stanford University","usgsCitation":"Kaven, J., Hickman, S.H., and Davatzes, N.C., 2014, Micro-seismicity and seismic moment release within the Coso Geothermal Field, California, <i>in</i> Proceedings, Thirty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford, California, February 24-26, 2014, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-054842","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":" Coso Geothermal Field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.84,\n              35.95\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.76,\n              35.95\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.76,\n              36.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.84,\n              36.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.84,\n              35.95\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61003fe4b06e28e9c253ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaven, J. Ole 0000-0003-2625-2786 okaven@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2625-2786","contributorId":3993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaven","given":"J. Ole","email":"okaven@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davatzes, Nicholas C.","contributorId":138855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davatzes","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12547,"text":"Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":712668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70192432,"text":"70192432 - 2014 - Effects of urbanization on mercury deposition and accumulation in New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:38:42","indexId":"70192432","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of urbanization on mercury deposition and accumulation in New England","docAbstract":"We compare total mercury (HgT) loading and methylmercury (MeHg) accumulation in streams and lakes\nfrom an urbanized area (Boston, Massachusetts) to rural regions of southern New Hampshire and Maine.\nThe maximum HgT loading, as indicated by HgT atmospheric deposition, HgT emissions, and sediment\nHgT concentrations, did not coincide with maximum MeHg concentrations in fish. Urbanized ecosystems\nwere areas of high HgT loading but had low MeHg concentrations in fish. Controls on MeHg production\nand accumulation appeared to be related primarily to HgT loading in undeveloped areas, while\necosystem sensitivity to MeHg formation appeared to be more important in regulating accumulation of\nMeHg in the urban area.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.003","usgsCitation":"Chalmers, A.T., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Van Metre, P., and Nilles, M.A., 2014, Effects of urbanization on mercury deposition and accumulation in New England: Environmental Pollution, v. 192, p. 104-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.003.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"104","endPage":"112","ipdsId":"IP-052660","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C. 0000-0001-7564-9814 pcvanmet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-9814","contributorId":197363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","email":"pcvanmet@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":715802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nilles, Mark A. manilles@usgs.gov","contributorId":3171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilles","given":"Mark","email":"manilles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174581,"text":"70174581 - 2014 - Using dissolved organic matter age and composition to detect permafrost thaw in boreal watersheds of interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-13T16:29:50","indexId":"70174581","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using dissolved organic matter age and composition to detect permafrost thaw in boreal watersheds of interior Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recent warming at high latitudes has accelerated permafrost thaw, which can modify soil carbon dynamics and watershed hydrology. The flux and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from soils to rivers are sensitive to permafrost configuration and its impact on subsurface hydrology and groundwater discharge. Here, we evaluate the utility of DOM composition and age as a tool for detecting permafrost thaw in three rivers (Beaver, Birch, and Hess Creeks) within the discontinuous permafrost zone of interior Alaska. We observed strong temporal controls on &Delta;</span><sup><span>14</span></sup><span>C content of hydrophobic acid isolates (&Delta;</span><sup><span>14</span></sup><span>C-HPOA) across all rivers, with the most enriched values occurring during spring snowmelt (75&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;8&permil;) and most depleted during winter flow (&minus;21&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;8&permil;). Radiocarbon ages of winter flow samples ranged from 35 to 445&thinsp;yr BP, closely tracking estimated median base flow travel times for this region (335&thinsp;years). During spring snowmelt, young DOM was composed of highly aromatic, high molecular-weight compounds, whereas older DOM of winter flow had lower aromaticity and molecular weight. We observed a significant correlation between &Delta;</span><sup><span>14</span></sup><span>C-HPOA and UV absorbance coefficient at 254&thinsp;nm (</span><i>&alpha;<sub><span>254</span></sub></i><span>) across all study rivers. Using</span><i>&alpha;<span>254</span></i><span>&nbsp;as an optical indicator for &Delta;</span><sup><span>14</span></sup><span>C-HPOA, we also observed a long-term decline in&nbsp;</span><i>&alpha;<sub><span>254</span></sub></i><span>&nbsp;during maximum annual thaw depth over the last decade at the Hess Creek study site. These findings suggest a shift in watershed hydrology associated with increasing active layer thickness. Further development of DOM optical indicators may serve as a novel and inexpensive tool for detecting permafrost degradation in northern watersheds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2014JG002695","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, J.A., Aiken, G.R., Walvoord, M.A., Raymond, P.A., Butler, K.D., Dornblaser, M.M., and Heckman, K., 2014, Using dissolved organic matter age and composition to detect permafrost thaw in boreal watersheds of interior Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 119, no. 11, p. 2155-2170, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002695.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2155","endPage":"2170","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059818","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jg002695","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.666015625,\n              64.08660677881706\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.666015625,\n              66.94297196713592\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.470458984375,\n              66.94297196713592\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.470458984375,\n              64.08660677881706\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.666015625,\n              64.08660677881706\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57876633e4b0d27deb36e1ce","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2014jg002695","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014jg002695","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"O'Donnell Jonathan A., Aiken George R., Walvoord Michelle A., Raymond Peter A., Butler Kenna D., Dornblaser Mark M., Heckman Katherine","journalName":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","publicationDate":"11/2014","auditedOn":"11/23/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A.","contributorId":84138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - 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Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark M. 0000-0002-6298-3757 mmdornbl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3757","contributorId":1636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","email":"mmdornbl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Heckman, Katherine","contributorId":172877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heckman","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[{"id":27110,"text":"U.S. Dept of Agriculture, Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70103863,"text":"fs20143046 - 2014 - Effects of projected climate (2011–50) on karst hydrology and species vulnerability—Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas, and Madison aquifer, western South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-11T12:09:34","indexId":"fs20143046","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-22T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3046","title":"Effects of projected climate (2011–50) on karst hydrology and species vulnerability—Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas, and Madison aquifer, western South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p><span>Karst aquifers&mdash;formed by the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone&mdash;are critical groundwater resources in North America, and karst springs, caves, and streams provide habitat for unique flora and fauna. Springflow and groundwater levels in karst terrane can change greatly over short time scales, and therefore are likely to respond rapidly to climate change. How might the biological communities and ecosystems associated with karst respond to climate change and accompanying changes in groundwater levels and springflow? </span></p>\n<p><span>Sites in two central U.S. regions&mdash;the Balcones Escarpment of south-central Texas and the Black Hills of western South Dakota (fig. 1)&mdash;were selected to study climate change and its potential effects on the local karst hydrology and ecosystem. The ecosystems associated with the Edwards aquifer (Balcones Escarpment region) and Madison aquifer (Black Hills region) support federally listed endangered and threatened species and numerous State-listed species of concern, including amphibians, birds, insects, and plants. Full results are provided in Stamm and others (2014), and are summarized in this fact sheet.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143046","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Department of Interior South-Central Climate Science Center","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B.J., Stamm, J.F., Symstad, A.J., Poteet, M.F., Musgrove, MaryLynn, Long, A.J., and Norton, P.A., 2015, Effects of projected climate (2011–50) on karst hydrology and species vulnerability—Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas, and Madison aquifer, western South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014–3046, 4 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20143046.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051145","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312205,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3046/fs20143046.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2014-3046"},{"id":312203,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3046/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Balcones Escarpment, Black Hills, Edwards Aquifer, Madison Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.99658203125,\n              43.11702412135048\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.095703125,\n              43.11702412135048\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.095703125,\n              44.809121700077355\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.99658203125,\n              44.809121700077355\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.99658203125,\n              43.11702412135048\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -100.21728515624999,\n              28.246327971048842\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.9873046875,\n              28.246327971048842\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.9873046875,\n              31.147006308556566\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.21728515624999,\n              31.147006308556566\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.21728515624999,\n              28.246327971048842\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC)<br />U.S. Geological Survey<br />12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 516<br />Reston, VA 20192<br /><a href=\"https://nccwsc.usgs.gov/karst\">https://nccwsc.usgs.gov/karst</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Highlights</li>\n<li>Model Linkage Provides the Bridge</li>\n<li>Climate&mdash;from Global to Regional Scales</li>\n<li>Hydrology is a Key Variable</li>\n<li>Focus on the Species&mdash;Vulnerability to Projected Climate and<br />Hydrologic Response</li>\n<li>Evaluation of the Approach</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n</ul>","publishedDate":"2015-12-22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567a7430e4b0a04ef490fcc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stamm, John F. 0000-0002-3404-2933 jstamm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-2933","contributorId":2859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"John F.","email":"jstamm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poteet, Mary F.","contributorId":120959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poteet","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Symstad, Amy J. 0000-0003-4231-2873 asymstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-2873","contributorId":2611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symstad","given":"Amy J.","email":"asymstad@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Long, Andrew J. 0000-0001-7385-8081 ajlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-8081","contributorId":989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew","email":"ajlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Norton, Parker A. 0000-0002-4638-2601 pnorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-2601","contributorId":2257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"Parker","email":"pnorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70134861,"text":"fs20143121 - 2014 - The Caloosahatchee River Estuary: a monitoring partnership between Federal, State, and local governments, 2007-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-18T14:55:44","indexId":"fs20143121","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-18T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3121","title":"The Caloosahatchee River Estuary: a monitoring partnership between Federal, State, and local governments, 2007-13","docAbstract":"<p>The tidal Caloosahatchee River and downstream estuaries have substantial environmental, recreational, and economic value for southwest Florida residents and visitors. Modifications to the Caloosahatchee River watershed have altered the predevelopment hydrology, thereby threatening the environmental health of estuaries in the area. Hydrologic monitoring of the freshwater contributions from tributaries to the tidal Caloosahatchee River and its estuaries is necessary to adequately describe the total freshwater inflow and constituent loads to the delicate estuarine system.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>From 2007 to 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) and the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), operated a flow and salinity monitoring network at tributaries flowing into and at key locations within the tidal Caloosahatchee River. This network was designed to supplement existing long-term monitoring stations, such as W.P. Franklin Lock, also known as S&ndash;79, which are operated by the USGS in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Lee County, and the City of Cape Coral. Additionally, a monitoring station was operated on Sanibel Island from 2010 to 2013 as part of the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science initiative and in partnership with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (J.N. Ding Darling National Wildlife Refuge). Moving boat water-quality surveys throughout the tidal Caloosahatchee River and downstream estuaries began in 2011 and are ongoing. Information generated by these monitoring networks has proved valuable to the FDEP for developing total maximum daily load criteria, and to the SFWMD for calibrating and verifying a hydrodynamic model. The information also supports the Caloosahatchee River Watershed Protection Plan.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143121","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the South Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Patino, E., 2014, The Caloosahatchee River Estuary: a monitoring partnership between Federal, State, and local governments, 2007-13: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3121, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143121.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056907","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143121.jpg"},{"id":296803,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3121/"},{"id":296804,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3121/pdf/fs2014-3121.pdf","size":"760 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Caloosahatchee River Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.15713500976562,\n              26.394329964650204\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.15713500976562,\n              26.713720362159552\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.66000366210938,\n              26.713720362159552\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.66000366210938,\n              26.394329964650204\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.15713500976562,\n              26.394329964650204\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2abee4b08de9379b31c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patino, Eduardo 0000-0003-1016-3658 epatino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1016-3658","contributorId":1743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Eduardo","email":"epatino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. 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,{"id":70135868,"text":"70135868 - 2014 - River chloride trends in snow-affected urban watersheds: increasing concentrations outpace urban growth rate and are common among all seasons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-18T10:06:50","indexId":"70135868","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-18T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River chloride trends in snow-affected urban watersheds: increasing concentrations outpace urban growth rate and are common among all seasons","docAbstract":"<p><span>Chloride concentrations in northern U.S. included in this study have increased substantially over time with average concentrations approximately doubling from 1990 to 2011, outpacing the rate of urbanization in the northern U.S. Historical data were examined for 30 monitoring sites on 19 streams that had chloride concentration and flow records of 18 to 49&nbsp;years. Chloride concentrations in most studied streams increased in all seasons (13 of 19 in all seasons; 16 of 19 during winter); maximum concentrations occurred during winter. Increasing concentrations during non-deicing periods suggest that chloride was stored in hydrologic reservoirs, such as the shallow groundwater system, during the winter and slowly released in baseflow throughout the year. Streamflow dependency was also observed with chloride concentrations increasing as streamflow decreased, a result of dilution during rainfall- and snowmelt-induced high-flow periods. The influence of chloride on aquatic life increased with time; 29% of sites studied exceeded the concentration for the USEPA chronic water quality criteria of 230&nbsp;mg/L by an average of more than 100 individual days per year during 2006&ndash;2011. The rapid rate of chloride concentration increase in these streams is likely due to a combination of possible increased road salt application rates, increased baseline concentrations, and greater snowfall in the Midwestern U.S. during the latter portion of the study period.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.012","usgsCitation":"Corsi, S., De Cicco, L., Lutz, M., and Hirsch, R.M., 2014, River chloride trends in snow-affected urban watersheds: increasing concentrations outpace urban growth rate and are common among all seasons: Science of the Total Environment, v. 508, p. 488-497, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.012.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"488","endPage":"497","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061255","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open 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]\n}","volume":"508","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2aabe4b08de9379b3173","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.012","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.012","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Corsi Steven R., De Cicco Laura A., Lutz Michelle A., Hirsch Robert M.","journalName":"Science of The Total Environment","publicationDate":"3/2015","auditedOn":"1/16/2015","publiclyAccessibleDate":"12/5/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corsi, Steven R. srcorsi@usgs.gov","contributorId":131018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"Steven R.","email":"srcorsi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De Cicco, Laura A. 0000-0002-3915-9487 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Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70111439,"text":"sir20145089 - 2014 - Historical and projected climate (1901–2050) and hydrologic response of karst aquifers, and species vulnerability in south-central Texas and western South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:06:13","indexId":"sir20145089","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-18T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5089","title":"Historical and projected climate (1901–2050) and hydrologic response of karst aquifers, and species vulnerability in south-central Texas and western South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>Two karst aquifers, the Edwards aquifer in the Balcones Escarpment region of south-central Texas and the Madison aquifer in the Black Hills of western South Dakota, were evaluated for hydrologic response to projected climate change through 2050. Edwards aquifer sites include Barton Springs, the Bexar County Index Well, and Comal Springs. Madison aquifer sites include Spearfish Creek and Rhoads Fork Spring. Climate projections at sites were based on output from the Community Climate System Model of global climate, linked to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model of regional climate. The WRF model output was bias adjusted to match means for 1981&ndash;2010 from records at weather stations near Madison and Edwards aquifer sites, including Boerne, Texas, and Custer and Lead, South Dakota. Hydrologic response at spring and well sites was based on the Rainfall-Response Aquifer and Watershed Flow (RRAWFLOW) model. The WRF model climate projections for 2011&ndash;50 indicate a significant upward trend in annual air temperature for all three weather stations and a significant downward trend in annual precipitation for the Boerne weather station. Annual springflow simulated by the RRAWFLOW model had a significant downward trend for Edwards aquifer sites and no trend for Madison aquifer sites.</p>\n<p>Flora and fauna that rely on springflow from Edwards and Madison aquifer sites were assessed for vulnerability to projected climate change on the basis of the Climate Change Vulnerability Index (CCVI). The CCVI is determined by the exposure of a species to climate, the sensitivity of the species, and the ability of the species to cope with climate change. Sixteen species associated with springs and groundwater were assessed in the Balcones Escarpment region. The Barton Springs salamander (<i>Eurycea sosorum</i>) was scored as highly vulnerable with moderate confidence. Nine species&mdash;three salamanders, a fountain darter (<i>Etheostoma fonticola</i>), three insects, and two amphipods&mdash;were scored as moderately vulnerable. The remaining six species&mdash;four vascular plants, the Barton cavesnail (<i>Stygopyrgus bartonensis</i>), and a cave shrimp&mdash;were scored as not vulnerable/presumed stable (not vulnerable and evidence does not support change in abundance or range of the species). Vulnerability of eight species associated with streams that receive springflow from the Madison aquifer in the Black Hills was assessed. Of these, the American dipper (<i>Cinclus mexicanus</i>) and the lesser yellow lady&rsquo;s slipper (<i>Cypripedium parviflorum</i>) were scored as moderately vulernable with high confidence. The dwarf scouringrush (<i>Equisetum scirpoides</i>) and autumn willow (<i>Salix serissima</i>) were also scored as moderately vulnerable with moderate to low confidence, respectively. Other species were assessed as not vulnerable/presumed stable or not vulnerable/increase likely (not vulnerable and evidence supporting an increase in abundance or range of the species). Lower vulnerability scores for the Black Hills species in comparison to the Balcones Escarpment species reflect lower endemicity, higher projected springflow than in the historical period, and high thermal tolerance of many of the species for the Black Hills. Importantly, climate change vulnerability scores differed substantially for Edwards aquifer species when RRAWFLOW model projections were included, resulting in increased vulnerability scores for 12 of the 16 species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145089","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Department of Interior South-Central Climate Science Center","usgsCitation":"Stamm, J.F., Poteet, M.F., Symstad, A.J., Musgrove, MaryLynn, Long, A.J., Mahler, B.J., and Norton, P.A., 2015, Historical and projected climate (1901–2050) and hydrologic response of karst aquifers, and species vulnerability in south-central Texas and western South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014–5089, 59 p., plus supplements, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20145089.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 61 p.; 3 Supplements","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046230","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312182,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5089/downloads/","text":"Supplement 1-3","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Supplement 1-3"},{"id":312140,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5089/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":312141,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5089/sir20145089.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.01 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2014-5089"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Barton Springs, Bexar County Index Well, Comal Springs, Rhoads Fork Spring, Spearfish Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.5,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.5,\n              44.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -103,\n              44.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -103,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.5,\n              43\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -100,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -100,\n              31.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -97,\n              31.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -97,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -100,\n              29\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, South Dakota Water Science Center<br />1608 Mountain View Road<br />Rapid City, SD 57702<br /><a href=\"http://sd.water.usgs.gov/\">http://sd.water.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Acknowledgments</li>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Methods and Models</li>\n<li>Historical and Projected Climate and Hydrologic Response</li>\n<li>Species Vulnerability to Projected Climate and Hydrologic Response</li>\n<li>Summary</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n<li>Supplement 1. Data Tables for Species Vulnerability Assessment</li>\n<li>Supplement 2. Paleoclimate Inventory</li>\n<li>Supplement 3. Weather Research and Forecasting Model Namelist Files and Bias<br />Adjustments</li>\n</ul>","publishedDate":"2015-12-18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56752e2fe4b0da412f4f8bb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stamm, John F. 0000-0002-3404-2933 jstamm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-2933","contributorId":2859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"John F.","email":"jstamm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poteet, Mary F.","contributorId":120959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poteet","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Symstad, Amy J. 0000-0003-4231-2873 asymstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-2873","contributorId":2611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symstad","given":"Amy J.","email":"asymstad@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Long, Andrew J. 0000-0001-7385-8081 ajlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-8081","contributorId":989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew","email":"ajlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Norton, Parker A. 0000-0002-4638-2601 pnorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-2601","contributorId":2257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"Parker","email":"pnorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70135642,"text":"sir20145213 - 2014 - Steady-state numerical groundwater flow model of the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T20:21:17.888329","indexId":"sir20145213","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-15T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5213","title":"Steady-state numerical groundwater flow model of the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the construction, calibration, evaluation, and results of a steady-state numerical groundwater flow model of the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system that was developed as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Census Initiative to evaluate the nation&rsquo;s groundwater availability. The study area spans 110,000 square miles across five states. The numerical model uses MODFLOW-2005, and incorporates and tests complex hydrogeologic and hydrologic elements of a conceptual understanding of an interconnected groundwater system throughout the region, including mountains, basins, consolidated rocks, and basin fill. The level of discretization in this model has not been previously available throughout the study area.</p>\n<p>Observations used to calibrate the model are those of water levels and discharge to evapotranspiration, springs, rivers, and lakes. Composite scaled sensitivities indicate the simulated values of discharge to springs, rivers, and lakes provide as much information about model parameters as do simulated water-level values. The model has 176 parameters and little parameter correlation. The simulated equivalents to observations provide enough information to constrain most parameters to smaller ranges than the conceptual constraints, and most parameter values are within reasonable ranges.</p>\n<p>Model fit to observations, comparison of simulated to conceptual water-level contours, and comparison of simulated to conceptual water budgets indicate this model provides a reasonable representation of the regional groundwater system. Eighty-six percent of the simulated values of water levels in wells are within 119 feet (one standard deviation of the error) of the observed values. Ninety percent of the simulated discharges are within 30 percent of the observed values. Total simulated recharge in the study area is within 10 percent of the conceptual amount; total simulated discharge is the same as conceptual discharge. Comparison of simulated hydraulic heads with the conceptual potentiometric surface indicates that the model accurately depicts major features of the hydraulic-head distribution. The incorporation of new recharge estimates and of mountain springs and streams as model observations creates higher simulated recharge mounds under many mountain ranges and highlights that in many cases, the regional flow paths go around, not through (or under) mountain ranges. Results from the model show that much of the flow in the groundwater system occurs in deeper layers, even though about 86 percent of the discharge occurs in layer 1. Over 95 percent of the recharge moves down from layer 1, and about 25 percent moves down to layer 8.</p>\n<p>The model was used to delineate six simulated groundwater flow regions that connect recharge areas to discharge areas. The eastern Great Salt Lake and Great Salt Lake Desert model regions contain 75 percent of the groundwater budget, but only 42 percent of the study area. In contrast, the more southern Death Valley and Colorado model regions contain only 12 percent of the groundwater budget, but 37 percent of the study area.</p>\n<p>Examples of potential use of the model to investigate the groundwater system include (1) the effects of different recharge, (2) different interpretations of the extent or offset of long faults or fault zones, and (3) different conceptual models of the spatial variation of hydraulic properties. The model can also be used to examine the ultimate effects of groundwater withdrawals on a regional scale, to provide boundary conditions for local-scale models, and to guide data collection.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145213","usgsCitation":"Brooks, L.E., Masbruch, M.D., Sweetkind, D.S., and Buto, S.G., 2014, Steady-state numerical groundwater flow model of the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5213, Report: x, 124 p.; 2 Plates: 16.5 x 22.0 inches; Appendix Tables; Model Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145213.","productDescription":"Report: x, 124 p.; 2 Plates: 16.5 x 22.0 inches; Appendix Tables; Model Files","numberOfPages":"138","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037343","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296686,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145213.jpg"},{"id":296683,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5213/downloads/sir2014-5213_plates1and2.zip","text":"Plates 1 and 2","size":"11.6 MB","description":"Plates 1 and 2"},{"id":296681,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5213/"},{"id":296685,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5213/downloads/sir2014-5213_modelfiles.zip","text":"Model Files","size":"143.3 MB","description":"Model Files"},{"id":296684,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5213/downloads/sir2014-5213_appendixexceltables.zip","text":"Appendix Tables","size":"535 kB","description":"Appendix Tables"},{"id":296682,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5213/pdf/sir2014-5213.pdf","size":"32.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.5205078125,\n              35.460669951495305\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5205078125,\n              42.52069952914966\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0498046875,\n              42.52069952914966\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0498046875,\n              35.460669951495305\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5205078125,\n              35.460669951495305\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"Groundwater Resources Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54900630e4b020a14785d24a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Lynette E. 0000-0002-9074-0939 lebrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-0939","contributorId":2718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Lynette","email":"lebrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masbruch, Melissa D. 0000-0001-6568-160X mmasbruch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-160X","contributorId":1902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masbruch","given":"Melissa","email":"mmasbruch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S. dsweetkind@usgs.gov","contributorId":127801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald","email":"dsweetkind@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buto, Susan G. 0000-0002-1107-9549 sbuto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-9549","contributorId":1057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buto","given":"Susan","email":"sbuto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70148179,"text":"70148179 - 2014 - Tree growth and recruitment in a leveed floodplain forest in the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-26T10:56:43","indexId":"70148179","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-15T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tree growth and recruitment in a leveed floodplain forest in the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Flooding is a defining disturbance in floodplain forests affecting seed germination, seedling establishment, and tree growth. Globally, flood control, including artificial levees, dams, and channelization has altered flood regimes in floodplains. However, a paucity of data are available in regards to the long-term effects of levees on stand establishment and tree growth in floodplain forests. In this study, we used dendrochronological techniques to reconstruct tree recruitment and tree growth over a 90-year period at three stands within a ring levee in the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley (MAV) and to evaluate whether recruitment patterns and tree growth changed following levee construction. We hypothesized that: (1) sugarberry is increasing in dominance and overcup oak (<i>Quercus lyrata</i>) is becoming less dominant since the levee, and that changes in hydrology are playing a greater role than canopy disturbance in these changes in species dominance; and (2) that overcup oak growth has declined following construction of the levee and cessation of overbank flooding whereas that of sugarberry has increased. Recruitment patterns shifted from flood-tolerant overcup oak to flood-intolerant sugarberry (<i>Celtis laevigata</i>) after levee construction. None of the 122 sugarberry trees cored in this study established prior to the levee, but it was the most common species established after the levee. The mechanisms behind the compositional change are unknown, however, the cosmopolitan distribution of overcup oak during the pre-levee period and sugarberry during the post-levee period, the lack of sugarberry establishment in the pre-levee period, and the confinement of overcup oak regeneration to the lowest areas in each stand after harvest in the post-levee period indicate that species-specific responses to flooding and light availability are forcing recruitment patterns. Overcup oak growth was also affected by levee construction, but in contrast to our hypothesis, growth actually increased for several decades before declining during a drought in the late 1990s. We interpret this result as removal of flood stress following levee construction. This finding emphasizes the fact that flooding can be stressful to trees regardless of their flood tolerance and that growth in floodplain trees can be sustained provided adequate soil moisture is present, regardless of the source of soil moisture. However, future research efforts should focus on the long-term effect of hydrologic modification on stand development and on how hydrologic modifications, such as elimination of surface flooding and groundwater declines, affect the vulnerability of floodplain forests to drought.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2014.08.024","collaboration":"Arkansas Game and Fish-Commission; Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey Louisiana Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit","usgsCitation":"Gee, H.K., King, S.L., and Keim, R., 2014, Tree growth and recruitment in a leveed floodplain forest in the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley, USA: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 334, p. 85-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.08.024.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055252","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300781,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"334","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55659958e4b0d9246a9eb647","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gee, Hugo K.W.","contributorId":140925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gee","given":"Hugo","email":"","middleInitial":"K.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Sammy L. 0000-0002-5364-6361 sking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-6361","contributorId":557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Sammy","email":"sking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keim, Richard F.","contributorId":21858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keim","given":"Richard F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70135422,"text":"70135422 - 2014 - Nitrogen speciation and trends, and prediction of denitrification extent, in shallow US groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-15T10:46:55","indexId":"70135422","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-15T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen speciation and trends, and prediction of denitrification extent, in shallow US groundwater","docAbstract":"<p><span>Uncertainties surrounding nitrogen cycling complicate assessments of the environmental effects of nitrogen use and our understanding of the global carbon&ndash;nitrogen cycle. In this paper, we synthesize data from 877 ambient-monitoring wells across the US to frame broad patterns of nitrogen speciation and trends. At these sites, groundwater frequently contains substantial co-occurring NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>&minus;</sup><span>&nbsp;and XSN</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;(N</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;from denitrification), reflecting active/ongoing denitrification and/or a mixture of undenitrified and denitrified groundwater. NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>&minus;</sup><span>&nbsp;and NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;essentially do not co-occur, indicating that the dominant source of NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;at these sites likely is not dissimilatory reduction of NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>&minus;</sup><span>&nbsp;to NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>. Positive correlations of NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;with apparent age, CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>, dissolved organic carbon, and indicators of reduced conditions are consistent with NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;mobilization from degradation of aquifer organic matter and contraindicate an anthropogenic source of NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;for most sites. Glacial aquifers and eastern sand and gravel aquifers generally have lower proportions of NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>&minus;</sup><span>&nbsp;and greater proportions of XSN</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;than do fractured rock and karst aquifers and western sand and gravel aquifers. NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>&minus;</sup><span>&nbsp;dominates in the youngest groundwater, but XSN</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;increases as residence time increases. Temporal patterns of nitrogen speciation and concentration reflect (1) changing NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>&minus;</sup><span>&nbsp;loads over time, (2) groundwater residence-time controls on NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;mobilization from solid phases, and (3) groundwater residence-time controls on denitrification. A simple classification tree using readily available variables (a national coverage of soil water depth, generalized geology) or variables reasonably estimated in many aquifers (residence time) identifies categorical denitrification extent (&lt;10%, 10&ndash;50%, and&nbsp;&gt;50%) with 79% accuracy in an independent testing set, demonstrating a predictive application based on the interconnected effects of redox, geology, and residence time.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.11.048","usgsCitation":"Hinkle, S.R., and Tesoriero, A., 2014, Nitrogen speciation and trends, and prediction of denitrification extent, in shallow US groundwater: Journal of Hydrology, v. 509, p. 343-353, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.11.048.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"353","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028945","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296675,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"509","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5490062de4b020a14785d246","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkle, Stephen R. srhinkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Stephen","email":"srhinkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tesoriero, Anthony J.","contributorId":40207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesoriero","given":"Anthony J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70135346,"text":"sim3309 - 2014 - Bedrock geologic and structural map through the western Candor Colles region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-20T18:07:11.900565","indexId":"sim3309","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-12T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3309","title":"Bedrock geologic and structural map through the western Candor Colles region of Mars","docAbstract":"<p>The Candor Colles are a population of low, conical hills along the southeast flank of Ceti Mensa, in west Candor Chasma, within the Valles Marineris system of Mars (fig. 1). Ceti Mensa and the adjacent Candor Mensa are mounds of layered sedimentary deposits and are the most prominent landforms within west Candor Chasma. Prior to the arrival of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) in orbit around Mars in 2006 (Zurek and Smrekar, 2007), geologic maps of the area utilized the relatively low resolution Viking Orbiter photomosaics (20&ndash;150 m/pixel). Geologic maps covering west Candor Chasma were created at scales of 1:15,000,000 for the western equatorial region of Mars (Scott and Tanaka, 1986), 1:2,000,000 for the Valles Marineris region (Witbeck and others, 1991), and 1:500,000 for the far eastern part of west Candor Chasma (Mars Transverse Mercator quadrangle&ndash;05072; Lucchitta, 1999).&nbsp;</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Previous structural mapping in west Candor Chasma at scales of less than 1:24,000 (Okubo and others, 2008; Okubo, 2010) employed digital terrain models (DTMs), with 1-m post spacings, derived from stereo MRO High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) imagery (McEwen and others, 2010) and focused on examining the relative timing between deposition of the youngest unit of the layered deposits in this area (unit Avme of Witbeck and others, 1991) relative to regional faulting related to chasma formation. These previous mapping efforts on the southwest flank of Ceti Mensa demonstrated that unit Avme is not deformed by faults attributed to formation of the chasma. Studies of other layered deposits (primarily unit Hvl, but also including units Avme, Avsl, Avsd, and Avfs; Witbeck and others, 1991) exposed along the southeast flank of Ceti Mensa using a High-Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) digital terrain model (DTM) (50 m/pixel) refined the local stratigraphy and revealed evidence for syntectonic deposition of these deposits (Fueten and others, 2006, 2008; Jaumann and others, 2007; Birnie and others, 2012).</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Layered deposits such as those that constitute Ceti Mensa are widespread throughout the interior regions of Valles Marineris (Witbeck and others, 1991). These sedimentary deposits have been variously interpreted as eolian sediments (Nedell and others, 1987), hyaloclastic debris (Chapman and Tanaka, 2001; Komatsu and others, 2004), lacustrine or fluvial sediment (Dromart and others, 2007; Mangold and others, 2008; Metz and others, 2009), pyroclastic deposits (Hynek and others, 2003), evaporites (Mangold and others, 2008; Andrews-Hanna and others, 2010), or various combinations thereof.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Recent analysis of data from the MRO Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) shows that these sediments consist primarily of hydrated sulfates (Murchie and others, 2009a,b). Further, hydrologic modeling indicates that spring-fed lakes likely occurred within the chasma (Andrews-Hanna and others, 2010). These recent findings point to a scenario in which the layered deposits accumulated as sequences of evaporites precipitating in hypersaline lakes, with contemporaneous trapping of eolian dust and sand, diagenesis, and iron-cycling, interspersed with periods of eolian and fluvial erosion (Murchie and others, 2009a). Water vapor released from these lakes may have also driven localized precipitation of snow and accumulation of layered deposits on the adjacent plateaus (Kite and others, 2011a,b). This scenario is in contrast to recent alternative interpretations that the layered deposits formed within the chasma through weathering of dust-rich ice deposits (Niles and Michalski, 2009; Michalski and Niles, 2012).</p>\n<p><br />The structure and geology of the layered deposits in the Candor Colles region corresponding to units Avfs, Avme, and Hvl of Witbeck and others (1991) are reevaluated in this 1:18,000-scale map. The objectives herein are to gather high-resolution structural measurements to (1) refine the previous unit boundaries in this area established by Witbeck and others (1991), (2) revise the local stratigraphy where necessary, (3) characterize bed forms to help constrain depositional processes, and (4) determine the styles and extent of deformation to better inform reconstructions of the local post-depositional geologic history.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3309","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Okubo, C., 2014, Bedrock geologic and structural map through the western Candor Colles region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3309, Report: i, 8 p.; 1 Map: 32.35 x 53.73 inches; 2 geodatabases, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3309.","productDescription":"Report: i, 8 p.; 1 Map: 32.35 x 53.73 inches; 2 geodatabases","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053335","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438735,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98KI72X","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Interactive Map: USGS SIM 3309 Bedrock Geologic and Structural Map Through the Western Candor Colles Region of Mars"},{"id":296651,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3309.gif"},{"id":414372,"rank":7,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98KI72X","text":"Interactive map","linkHelpText":"- Bedrock Geologic and Structural Map Through the Western Candor Colles Region of Mars 1:18K. Okubo (2014)"},{"id":296650,"rank":6,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3309/downloads/SIM3309_CandorColles_FullRes_Basemaps_25cm.zip","text":"Supplemental geodatabase","size":"1.2 GB"},{"id":296649,"rank":5,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3309/downloads/SIM3309_CandorCollesGeologicGIS_18K.zip","text":"Main geodatabase","size":"583 MB"},{"id":296648,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3309/downloads/sim3309_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"531 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296647,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3309/downloads/sim3309_sheet.pdf","text":"Map","size":"15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296646,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3309/"}],"scale":"18000","projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","otherGeospatial":"Mars, Candor Colles region","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548c11afe4b0ca8c43c3694b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Okubo, Chris H. cokubo@usgs.gov","contributorId":828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Chris H.","email":"cokubo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":527094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70135184,"text":"sir20145211 - 2014 - Methods for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods in Arizona, developed with unregulated and rural peak-flow data through water year 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-10T13:28:26","indexId":"sir20145211","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-10T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5211","title":"Methods for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods in Arizona, developed with unregulated and rural peak-flow data through water year 2010","docAbstract":"<p>Flooding is among the worst natural disasters responsible for loss of life and property in Arizona, underscoring the importance of accurate estimation of flood magnitude for proper structural design and floodplain mapping. Twenty-four years of additional peak-flow data have been recorded since the last comprehensive regional flood frequency analysis conducted in Arizona. Periodically, flood frequency estimates and regional regression equations must be revised to maintain the accurate estimation of flood frequency and magnitude.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Annual peak-flow data collected through water year 2010 were compiled from 448 unregulated streamflow-gaging stations, hereafter referred to as streamgages, in Arizona having a minimum of 10 years of record. Flood frequency estimates were first computed with station (or at-site) skew using the Expected Moments Algorithm with a multiple Grubbs-Beck test to identify multiple potentially influential low flows to fit a Pearson Type III distribution. Next, a multiple step Bayesian least-squares-regression approach was used to determine a new statewide regional skew of &minus;0.09. No basin characteristics analyzed were statistically significant in explaining the variation in skew and as a result, the constant model was chosen as the best regional skew model for the Arizona study area. The mean square error used in Bulletin 17B (B17B) of the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data is used to describe the precision of the regional skew. The constant model had a mean square error equal to 0.08, which corresponds to an effective record length of 85 years. This is a marked improvement over a previous Arizona regional skew analysis, with a reported mean square error of 0.31, for a corresponding effective record length of around 17 years. Thus the new regional model had almost five times the information content (as measured by effective record length) of that calculated in USGS Water Supply Paper 2433, published in 1997, or the value of 0.302 reported in the B17B generalized skew map. The flood frequency estimates were recalculated using a weighted skew of the station and regional skew. Station flood frequency estimates for each streamgage are presented for the 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Geographical information systems were used to compute basin characteristic information for each streamgage for the purpose of developing regional equations to estimate flood statistics at ungaged basins. Five hydrologic flood regions in Arizona were defined in a multivariate regionalization process based on mean basin elevation, mean annual precipitation, and soil permeability. A regional generalized least-squares-regression analysis was used to develop five sets of equations from 344 nonredundant streamgages, corresponding to five regions, for estimating the 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities at ungaged basins in Arizona. The regression equations developed for these five regions were based on one or more of the statistically significant explanatory variables: drainage area, mean basin elevation, and mean annual precipitation. Average standard errors of prediction for the regression regions for the five regions ranged from 27 to 122 percent and the pseudo-coefficients of determination (pseudo-R<sup>2</sup>), a measure of the proportion of peak-flow variation that is explained by the basin characteristics, ranged from 68 to 98 percent. Regression equations for Central Highlands (region 4) had the lowest model error and the greatest pseudo-R<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;metrics. The equations for Colorado Plateau (region 2) regression equations generally had greater model error and lower pseudo-R<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;metrics. The improvement of regional regression equation model error and pseudo-R<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;metrics was related to higher numbers of streamgages, longer period of record, and even spatial coverage within a region.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The regional regression equations were integrated into the U.S. Geological Survey&rsquo;s StreamStats program. The StreamStats program is a national map-based web application that allows the public to easily access published flood frequency and basin characteristic statistics. The interactive web application allows a user to select a point within a watershed (gaged or ungaged) and retrieve flood-frequency estimates derived from the current regional regression equations and geographic information system data within the selected basin. StreamStats provides users with an efficient and accurate means for retrieving the most up to date flood frequency and basin characteristic data. StreamStats is intended to provide consistent statistics, minimize user error, and reduce the need for large datasets and costly geographic information system software.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145211","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Flood Control Districts of Maricopa County, Pima County, Pinal County, Yavapai County, Mohave County, Cochise County, Navajo County, Greenlee County, and Salt River Project, U.S. Forest Service, and Bureau of Reclamation.","usgsCitation":"Paretti, N., Kennedy, J.R., Turney, L.A., and Veilleux, A.G., 2014, Methods for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods in Arizona, developed with unregulated and rural peak-flow data through water year 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5211, Report: vii, 61 p.; 16 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145211.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 61 p.; 16 Tables","numberOfPages":"73","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040579","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296591,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145211.gif"},{"id":296589,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5211/downloads/sir2014-5211.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296590,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5211/downloads/SIR2014-5211_tables.xlsx","text":"Tables","size":"650 kB"},{"id":296585,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5211/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.00634765625,\n              37.055177106660814\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.984375,\n              31.31610138349565\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1376953125,\n              31.259769987394286\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.98291015625,\n              32.47269502206151\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.873046875,\n              36.19109202182454\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.14794921875,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.00634765625,\n              37.055177106660814\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54896eb5e4b027aeab781282","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paretti, Nicholas V. nparetti@usgs.gov","contributorId":802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paretti","given":"Nicholas V.","email":"nparetti@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-3365-6589 jkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-6589","contributorId":2172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turney, Lovina A. labbott@usgs.gov","contributorId":5744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turney","given":"Lovina","email":"labbott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":526929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Veilleux, Andrea G. aveilleux@usgs.gov","contributorId":4404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veilleux","given":"Andrea","email":"aveilleux@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70134346,"text":"sir20145221 - 2014 - Hydrogeologic framework and groundwater/surface-water interactions of the South Fork Nooksack River Basin, northwestern Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-10T09:26:48","indexId":"sir20145221","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-10T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5221","title":"Hydrogeologic framework and groundwater/surface-water interactions of the South Fork Nooksack River Basin, northwestern Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>A hydrogeologic framework of the South Fork (SF) Nooksack River Basin in northwestern Washington was developed and hydrologic data were collected to characterize the groundwater-flow system and its interaction with surface‑water features. In addition to domestic, agricultural, and commercial uses of groundwater within the SF Nooksack River Basin, groundwater has the potential to provide ecological benefits by maintaining late-summer streamflows and buffering stream temperatures. Cold-water refugia, created and maintained in part by groundwater, have been identified by water-resource managers as key elements to restore the health and viability of threatened salmonids in the SF Nooksack River. The SF Nooksack River drains a 183-square mile area of the North Cascades and the Puget Lowland underlain by unconsolidated glacial and alluvial sediments deposited over older sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous bedrock. The primary aquifer that interacts with the SF Nooksack River was mapped within unconsolidated glacial outwash and alluvial sediment. The lower extent of this unit is bounded by bedrock and fine-grained, poorly sorted unconsolidated glaciomarine and glaciolacustrine sediments. In places, these deposits overlie and confine an aquifer within older glacial sediments. The extent and thickness of the hydrogeologic units were assembled from mapped geologic units and lithostratigraphic logs of field-inventoried wells. Generalized groundwater-flow directions within the surficial aquifer were interpreted from groundwater levels measured in August 2012; and groundwater seepage gains and losses to the SF Nooksack River were calculated from synoptic streamflow measurements made in the SF Nooksack River and its tributaries in September 2012. A subset of the field-inventoried wells was measured at a monthly interval to determine seasonal fluctuations in groundwater levels during water year 2013. Taken together, these data provide the foundation for a future groundwater-flow model of the SF Nooksack River Basin that may be used to investigate the potential effects of future climate change, land use, and groundwater pumping on water resources in the study area. Site-specific hydrologic data, including time series of longitudinal temperature profiles measured with a fiber-optic distributed temperature sensor and continuous monitoring of stream stage and water levels measured in wells in adjacent wetlands and aquifers, also were measured to characterize the interaction among the SF Nooksack River, surficial aquifers, and riparian wetlands.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145221","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nooksack Indian Tribe","usgsCitation":"Gendaszek, A.S., 2014, Hydrogeologic framework and groundwater/surface-water interactions of the South Fork Nooksack River Basin, northwestern Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5221, Report: vi, 36 p.; 2 Plates: 20.04 x 14.65 inches and 29.76 x 15 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145221.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 36 p.; 2 Plates: 20.04 x 14.65 inches and 29.76 x 15 inches","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059387","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296559,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145221.jpg"},{"id":296556,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5221/pdf/sir2014-5221.pdf","size":"5.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296557,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5221/downloads/sir2014-5221_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"1.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296558,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5221/downloads/sir2014-5221_plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"1.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296553,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5221/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"South Fork Noooksack River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.640625,\n              48.58932584966972\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6845703125,\n              48.09275716032736\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.38818359375,\n              48.09275716032736\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.43212890625,\n              48.58932584966972\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.640625,\n              48.58932584966972\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54896eb4e4b027aeab78127e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gendaszek, Andrew S. 0000-0002-2373-8986 agendasz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-8986","contributorId":3509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gendaszek","given":"Andrew","email":"agendasz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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