{"pageNumber":"131","pageRowStart":"3250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10951,"records":[{"id":70155874,"text":"70155874 - 2015 - Episodic deflation-inflation events at Kīlauea Volcano and implications for the shallow magma system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-08T17:47:35.577891","indexId":"70155874","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5371,"text":"Geophysical Monograph","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"11","title":"Episodic deflation-inflation events at Kīlauea Volcano and implications for the shallow magma system","docAbstract":"<p><span>Episodic variations in magma pressures and flow rates at Kīlauea Volcano, defined by a characteristic temporal evolution and termed deflation-inflation (DI) events, have been observed since at least the 1990s. DI events consist of transient, days-long deflations and subsequent reinflations of the summit region, accompanied since 2008 by fluctuations in the surface height of Kīlauea's summit lava lake. After a delay of minutes to hours, these events also often appear along the volcano's East Rift Zone in ground deformation data and as temporary reductions in eruption rate (sometimes followed by brief surges). Notable pauses in DI activity have preceded many eruptive events at Kīlauea. We analyzed more than 500 DI events recorded by borehole tiltmeters at the summit during 2000–2013. Inverse modeling suggests that DI-related ground deformation at the summit is generated by pressure transients in a shallow magma reservoir located beneath the east margin of Halema‘uma‘u Crater and that this reservoir has remained remarkably stable for more than a decade. Utilizing tilt data and variation in the level of the summit lava lake during a large DI event, we estimate a reservoir volume of approximately 1 km</span><sup>3</sup><span> (0.2–5.5 km</span><sup>3</sup><span> at 95% confidence).</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hawaiian volcanoes: From source to surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"AGU Chapman Conference","conferenceDate":"August 20-24, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Waikoloa, Hawai'i","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union; John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/9781118872079.ch11","isbn":"978-1-118-87204-8","usgsCitation":"Anderson, K.R., Poland, M.P., Johnson, J.H., and Miklius, A., 2015, Episodic deflation-inflation events at Kīlauea Volcano and implications for the shallow magma system, chap. 11 <i>of</i> Hawaiian volcanoes: From source to surface: Geophysical Monograph, v. 208, p. 229-250, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118872079.ch11.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"250","ipdsId":"IP-048860","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339574,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.27217864990232,\n              19.43195295046888\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2943229675293,\n              19.425153718960157\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.30960083007812,\n              19.41317342829991\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29912948608396,\n              19.391477141932167\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.27441024780273,\n              19.39261060164696\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24368286132812,\n              19.40119225476861\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23492813110352,\n              19.410097265263875\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24282455444336,\n              19.418192306194864\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2562141418457,\n              19.427905823139497\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26565551757812,\n              19.43227671629882\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.269775390625,\n              19.43243859897175\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.27217864990232,\n              19.43195295046888\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"208","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58edbb68e4b0eed1ab8c6f5b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Carey, Rebecca","contributorId":121557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690636,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayol, Valerie","contributorId":121509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayol","given":"Valerie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690637,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":127857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":690638,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weis, Dominique","contributorId":121531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weis","given":"Dominique","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690639,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Kyle R. 0000-0001-8041-3996 kranderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8041-3996","contributorId":3522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Kyle","email":"kranderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Jessica H. jessjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Jessica","email":"jessjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miklius, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886 asta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":2060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miklius","given":"Asta","email":"asta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70161855,"text":"70161855 - 2015 - The Yellowstone “hot spot” track results from migrating basin-range extension","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-31T15:16:55.729548","indexId":"70161855","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The Yellowstone “hot spot” track results from migrating basin-range extension","docAbstract":"<p><span>Whether the volcanism of the Columbia River Plateau, eastern Snake River Plain, and Yellowstone (western U.S.) is related to a mantle plume or to plate tectonic processes is a long-standing controversy. There are many geological mismatches with the basic plume model as well as logical flaws, such as citing data postulated to require a deep-mantle origin in support of an “upper-mantle plume” model. USArray has recently yielded abundant new seismological results, but despite this, seismic analyses have still not resolved the disparity of opinion. This suggests that seismology may be unable to resolve the plume question for Yellowstone, and perhaps elsewhere. USArray data have inspired many new models that relate western U.S. volcanism to shallow mantle convection associated with subduction zone processes. Many of these models assume that the principal requirement for surface volcanism is melt in the mantle and that the lithosphere is essentially passive. In this paper we propose a pure plate model in which melt is commonplace in the mantle, and its inherent buoyancy is not what causes surface eruptions. Instead, it is extension of the lithosphere that permits melt to escape to the surface and eruptions to occur—the mere presence of underlying melt is not a sufficient condition. The time-progressive chain of rhyolitic calderas in the eastern Snake River Plain–Yellowstone zone that has formed since basin-range extension began at ca. 17 Ma results from laterally migrating lithospheric extension and thinning that has permitted basaltic magma to rise from the upper mantle and melt the lower crust. We propose that this migration formed part of the systematic eastward migration of the axis of most intense basin-range extension. The bimodal rhyolite-basalt volcanism followed migration of the locus of most rapid extension, not vice versa. This model does not depend on seismology to test it but instead on surface geological observations.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The interdisciplinary earth: A volume in honor of Don L. Anderson (GSA Special Papers volume 514)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1130/2015.2514(14)","isbn":"978-0-8137-2514-7","usgsCitation":"Foulger, G.R., Christiansen, R.L., and Anderson, D.L., 2015, The Yellowstone “hot spot” track results from migrating basin-range extension, chap. <i>of</i> The interdisciplinary earth: A volume in honor of Don L. Anderson (GSA Special Papers volume 514), v. 514, p. 215-238, https://doi.org/10.1130/2015.2514(14).","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"238","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060975","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1663789","text":"External Repository"},{"id":340181,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone Hotspot","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.851806640625,\n              43.5326204268101\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.16015624999999,\n              43.5326204268101\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.16015624999999,\n              45.46783598133375\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.851806640625,\n              45.46783598133375\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.851806640625,\n              43.5326204268101\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"514","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea5e4b006455f2d61e8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Foulger, Gillian R.","contributorId":34796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foulger","given":"Gillian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692604,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lustrino, Michele","contributorId":63711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lustrino","given":"Michele","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692605,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"King, Scott D.","contributorId":191293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"Scott D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692606,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Foulger, Gillian R.","contributorId":34796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foulger","given":"Gillian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christiansen, Robert L. 0000-0002-8017-3918 rchris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":4412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Robert","email":"rchris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Don L.","contributorId":191292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162148,"text":"70162148 - 2015 - REE enrichment in granite-derived regolith deposits of the southeast United States: Prospective source rocks and accumulation processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T10:36:20","indexId":"70162148","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"REE enrichment in granite-derived regolith deposits of the southeast United States: Prospective source rocks and accumulation processes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Southeastern United States contains numerous anorogenic, or A-type, granites, which constitute promising source rocks for REE-enriched ion adsorption clay deposits due to their inherently high concentrations of REE. These granites have undergone a long history of chemical weathering, resulting in thick granite-derived regoliths, akin to those of South China, which supply virtually all heavy REE and Y, and a significant portion of light REE to global markets. Detailed comparisons of granite regolith profiles formed on the Stewartsville and Striped Rock plutons, and the Robertson River batholith (Virginia) indicate that REE are mobile and can attain grades comparable to those of deposits currently mined in China. A REE-enriched parent, either A-type or I-type (highly fractionated igneous type) granite, is thought to be critical for generating the high concentrations of REE in regolith profiles. One prominent feature we recognize in many granites and mineralized regoliths is the tetrad behaviour displayed in REE chondrite-normalized patterns. Tetrad patterns in granite and regolith result from processes that promote the redistribution, enrichment, and fractionation of REE, such as late- to post- magmatic alteration of granite and silicate hydrolysis in the regolith. Thus, REE patterns showing tetrad effects may be a key for discriminating highly prospective source rocks and regoliths with potential for REE ion adsorption clay deposits.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on strategic and critical materials proceedings (British Columbia Geological Survey Paper 2015-3)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on Strategic and Critical Materials","conferenceDate":"November 13-14, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Victoria, BC","language":"English","publisher":"British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines","issn":"0381-243X","usgsCitation":"Foley, N.K., and Ayuso, R.A., 2015, REE enrichment in granite-derived regolith deposits of the southeast United States: Prospective source rocks and accumulation processes, <i>in</i> Symposium on strategic and critical materials proceedings (British Columbia Geological Survey Paper 2015-3), Victoria, BC, November 13-14, 2015, p. 131-138.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"138","ipdsId":"IP-068337","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340151,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.empr.gov.bc.ca/Mining/Geoscience/PublicationsCatalogue/Papers/Pages/2015-3.aspx"}],"country":"United States","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea5e4b006455f2d61e6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Simandl, G.J.","contributorId":191258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simandl","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692512,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neetz, M.","contributorId":191259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neetz","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692513,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185999,"text":"70185999 - 2015 - Vegetation composition, nutrient, and sediment dynamics along a floodplain landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-30T15:31:53","indexId":"70185999","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3302,"text":"River Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation composition, nutrient, and sediment dynamics along a floodplain landscape","docAbstract":"<p><span>Forested floodplains are important landscape features for retaining river nutrients and sediment loads but there is uncertainty in how vegetation influences nutrient and sediment retention. In order to understand the role of vegetation in nutrient and sediment trapping, we quantified species composition and the uptake of nutrients in plant material relative to landscape position and ecosystem attributes in an urban, Piedmont watershed in Virginia, USA. We investigated in situ interactions among vegetative composition, abundance, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fluxes and ecosystem attributes such as water level, shading, soil nutrient mineralization, and sediment deposition. This study revealed strong associations between vegetation and nutrient and sediment cycling processes at the plot scale and in the longitudinal dimension, but there were few strong patterns between these aspects at the scale of geomorphic features (levee, backswamp, and toe-slope). Patterns reflected the nature of the valley setting rather than a simple downstream continuum. Plant nutrient uptake and sediment trapping were greatest at downstream sites with the widest floodplain and lowest gradient where the hydrologic connection between the floodplain and stream is greater. Sediment trapping increased in association with higher herbaceous plant coverage and lower tree canopy density that, in turn, was associated with a more water tolerant tree community found in the lower watershed but not at the most downstream site in the watershed. Despite urbanization effects on the hydrology, this floodplain functioned as an efficient nutrient trap. N and P flux rates of herbaceous biomass and total litterfall more than accounted for the N and P mineralization flux rate, indicating that vegetation incorporated nearly all mineralized nutrients into biomass.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung","doi":"10.1127/rs/2015/0097","usgsCitation":"Rybicki, N.B., Noe, G.E., Hupp, C.R., and Robinson, M., 2015, Vegetation composition, nutrient, and sediment dynamics along a floodplain landscape: River Systems, v. 21, no. 2-3, p. 109-123, https://doi.org/10.1127/rs/2015/0097.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"123","ipdsId":"IP-065247","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338850,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","volume":"21","issue":"2-3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1950e4b02ff32c699cad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rybicki, Nancy B. 0000-0002-2205-7927 nrybicki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2205-7927","contributorId":2142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybicki","given":"Nancy","email":"nrybicki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noe, Gregory E. 0000-0002-6661-2646 gnoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-2646","contributorId":139100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory","email":"gnoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hupp, Cliff R. 0000-0003-1853-9197 crhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":2344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Cliff","email":"crhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, Myles","contributorId":190115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Myles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70193264,"text":"70193264 - 2015 - Reaction modeling of drainage quality in the Duluth Complex, northern Minnesota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T14:22:53","indexId":"70193264","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Reaction modeling of drainage quality in the Duluth Complex, northern Minnesota, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Reaction modeling can be a valuable tool in predicting the long-term behavior of waste material if representative rate constants can be derived from long-term leaching tests or other approaches. Reaction modeling using the REACT program of the Geochemist’s Workbench was conducted to evaluate long-term drainage quality affected by disseminated Cu-Ni-(Co-)-PGM sulfide mineralization in the basal zone of the Duluth Complex where significant resources have been identified. Disseminated sulfide minerals, mostly pyrrhotite and Cu-Fe sulfides, are hosted by clinopyroxene-bearing troctolites. Carbonate minerals are scarce to non-existent. Long-term simulations of up to 20 years of weathering of tailings used two different sets of rate constants: one based on published laboratory single-mineral dissolution experiments, and one based on leaching experiments using bulk material from the Duluth Complex conducted by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MNDNR). The simulations included only plagioclase, olivine, clinopyroxene, pyrrhotite, and water as starting phases. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were assumed to be in equilibrium with atmospheric oxygen. The simulations based on the published single-mineral rate constants predicted that pyrrhotite would be effectively exhausted in less than two years and pH would rise accordingly. In contrast, only 20 percent of the pyrrhotite was depleted after two years using the MNDNR rate constants. Predicted pyrrhotite depletion by the simulation based on the MNDNR rate constant matched well with published results of laboratory tests on tailings. Modeling long-term weathering of mine wastes also can provide important insights into secondary reactions that may influence the permeability of tailings and thereby affect weathering behavior. Both models predicted the precipitation of a variety of secondary phases including goethite, gibbsite, and clay (nontronite).</p>","conferenceTitle":"10th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage & IMWA Annual Conference","language":"English","publisher":"IRWA","usgsCitation":"Seal, R.R., Lapakko, K., Piatak, N.M., and Woodruff, L.G., 2015, Reaction modeling of drainage quality in the Duluth Complex, northern Minnesota, USA, 10th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage & IMWA Annual Conference, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-063220","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fec7e4b06e28e9c25357","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal, Robert R. 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":193011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":250,"text":"Eastern Water Science Field Team","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lapakko, Kim","contributorId":199239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lapakko","given":"Kim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M. 0000-0002-1973-8537 npiatak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":193010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine","email":"npiatak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70156792,"text":"70156792 - 2015 - Geology and neotectonism in the epicentral area of the 2011 M5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T13:37:22","indexId":"70156792","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1631,"text":"Field Guides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and neotectonism in the epicentral area of the 2011 M5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake","docAbstract":"This fi eld guide covers a two-day west-to-east transect across the epicentral region of the 2011 M5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake, the largest ever recorded in the Central Virginia seismic zone. The fi eld trip highlights results of recent bedrock and surficial geologic mapping in two adjoining 7.5-min quadrangles, the Ferncliff and the Pendleton, which together encompass the epicenter and most of the 2011–2012 aftershocks.\nTectonic history of the region includes early Paleozoic accretion of an island\narc (Ordovician Chopawamsic Formation) to Laurentia, intrusion of a granodiorite pluton (Ordovician Ellisville pluton), and formation of a post-Chopawamsic successor basin (Ordovician Quantico Formation), all accompanied by early Paleozoic regional deformation and metamorphism. Local transpressional faulting and retrograde metamorphism occurred in the late Paleozoic, followed by diabase dike intrusion and possible local normal faulting in the early Mesozoic. The overall goal of the bedrock mapping is to determine what existing geologic structures might have been reactivated during the 2011 seismic event, and surfi cial deposits along the South Anna River are being mapped in order to determine possible neotectonic uplift. In addition to bedrock and surfi cial studies, we have excavated trenches in an area that contains two late Paleozoic faults and represents the updip projection of the causative fault for the 2011 quake. The trenches reveal faulting that has offset surfi cial deposits dated as Quaternary in age, as well as numerous other brittle structures that suggest a geologically recent history of neotectonic activity.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.0035(04)","usgsCitation":"Burton, W.C., Spears, D., Harrison, R., Evans, N.H., Schindler, J.S., and Counts, R.C., 2015, Geology and neotectonism in the epicentral area of the 2011 M5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake: Field Guides, v. 35, p. 103-127, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.0035(04).","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"127","ipdsId":"IP-053260","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Mineral","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.0853271484375,\n              37.85479643784179\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.7392578125,\n              37.85479643784179\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.7392578125,\n              38.13455657705411\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.0853271484375,\n              38.13455657705411\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.0853271484375,\n              37.85479643784179\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"35","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591426bfe4b0e541a03e9616","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spears, David B.","contributorId":147157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spears","given":"David B.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrison, Richard W. rharriso@usgs.gov","contributorId":544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"Richard W.","email":"rharriso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, Nicholas H.","contributorId":147158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schindler, J. Stephen 0000-0001-9550-5957 sschindl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-5957","contributorId":3270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"J.","email":"sschindl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Counts, Ronald C. 0000-0002-8426-1990 rcounts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8426-1990","contributorId":5343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counts","given":"Ronald","email":"rcounts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70169993,"text":"70169993 - 2015 - Atmospheric particulate matter in proximity to mountaintop coal mines: Sources and potential environmental and human health impacts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-01T09:08:41","indexId":"70169993","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-24T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1538,"text":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric particulate matter in proximity to mountaintop coal mines: Sources and potential environmental and human health impacts","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mountaintop removal mining (MTM) is a widely used approach to surface coal mining in the US Appalachian region whereby large volumes of coal overburden are excavated using explosives, removed, and transferred to nearby drainages below MTM operations. To investigate the air quality impact of MTM, the geochemical characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) from five surface mining sites in south central West Virginia, USA, and five in-state study control sites having only underground coal mining or no coal mining whatsoever were determined and compared. Epidemiologic studies show increased rates of cancer, respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and overall mortality in Appalachian surface mining areas compared to Appalachian non-mining areas. In the present study, 24-h coarse (&gt;2.5&nbsp;&micro;m) and fine (&le;2.5&nbsp;&micro;m) PM samples were collected from two surface mining sites in June 2011 showed pronounced enrichment in elements having a crustal affinity (Ga, Al, Ge, Rb, La, Ce) contributed by local sources, relative to controls. Follow-up sampling in August 2011 lacked this enrichment, suggesting that PM input from local sources is intermittent. Using passive samplers, dry deposition total PM elemental fluxes calculated for three surface mining sites over multi-day intervals between May and August 2012 were 5.8&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;1.5 times higher for crustal elements than at controls. Scanning microscopy of 2,249 particles showed that primary aluminosilicate PM was prevalent at surface mining sites compared to secondary PM at controls. Additional testing is needed to establish any link between input of lithogenic PM and disease rates in the study area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Environmental Geochemistry and Health","publisherLocation":"Berlin","doi":"10.1007/s10653-014-9669-5","usgsCitation":"Kurth, L., Kolker, A., Engle, M.A., Geboy, N., Hendryx, M., Orem, W.H., McCawley, M., Crosby, L.M., Tatu, C.A., Varonka, M.S., and DeVera, C.A., 2015, Atmospheric particulate matter in proximity to mountaintop coal mines: Sources and potential environmental and human health impacts: Environmental Geochemistry and Health, v. 37, no. 3, p. 529-544, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-014-9669-5.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"529","endPage":"544","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051482","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319705,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","county":"Boone County, Raleigh County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-81.9292,38.0287],[-81.9163,38.0285],[-81.9093,38.0286],[-81.9052,38.0291],[-81.9041,38.0304],[-81.9053,38.0309],[-81.9123,38.0335],[-81.9177,38.0361],[-81.9217,38.0347],[-81.9299,38.0359],[-81.9411,38.038],[-81.9505,38.0397],[-81.9558,38.0432],[-81.9605,38.0441],[-81.9688,38.0476],[-81.9713,38.0521],[-81.9733,38.0615],[-81.9734,38.0656],[-81.9729,38.0693],[-81.9713,38.0729],[-81.9719,38.077],[-81.972,38.0802],[-81.968,38.0825],[-81.9651,38.0853],[-81.964,38.0875],[-81.9635,38.0898],[-81.9595,38.094],[-81.951,38.1018],[-81.9464,38.1068],[-81.9465,38.1105],[-81.9496,38.1163],[-81.952,38.1204],[-81.951,38.124],[-81.9476,38.1277],[-81.9453,38.1309],[-81.9437,38.1359],[-81.9397,38.1396],[-81.9333,38.1415],[-81.9316,38.1443],[-81.9329,38.1488],[-81.933,38.1524],[-81.9272,38.1543],[-81.9213,38.153],[-81.9171,38.1504],[-81.9124,38.1491],[-81.9047,38.1465],[-81.8982,38.143],[-81.8947,38.1435],[-81.8924,38.1444],[-81.8936,38.1476],[-81.8984,38.1516],[-81.8991,38.1552],[-81.8957,38.1607],[-81.8929,38.163],[-81.89,38.1649],[-81.8889,38.1676],[-81.8902,38.1712],[-81.8903,38.1771],[-81.8863,38.1799],[-81.8834,38.1813],[-81.8781,38.1814],[-81.8728,38.181],[-81.8682,38.182],[-81.8623,38.1825],[-81.8565,38.1812],[-81.853,38.1822],[-81.8507,38.1863],[-81.8502,38.1904],[-81.8458,38.1991],[-81.8435,38.2005],[-81.84,38.2037],[-81.8407,38.2073],[-81.8402,38.2109],[-81.8379,38.211],[-81.8326,38.2124],[-81.8278,38.208],[-81.8242,38.2017],[-81.8228,38.1949],[-81.8227,38.1908],[-81.8179,38.1863],[-81.8096,38.1815],[-81.802,38.1807],[-81.8014,38.1807],[-81.8009,38.1825],[-81.8027,38.1843],[-81.8051,38.1879],[-81.8128,38.1932],[-81.8124,38.1982],[-81.8137,38.2045],[-81.8137,38.2064],[-81.8132,38.2082],[-81.8109,38.2091],[-81.8044,38.2092],[-81.7986,38.2093],[-81.7898,38.2112],[-81.7858,38.2145],[-81.7841,38.2177],[-81.7855,38.224],[-81.785,38.2285],[-81.7833,38.2317],[-81.7722,38.2319],[-81.7585,38.2235],[-81.7555,38.2194],[-81.754,38.2081],[-81.751,38.2023],[-81.7392,38.1988],[-81.7351,38.2002],[-81.7299,38.2039],[-81.7253,38.2076],[-81.7225,38.2108],[-81.7243,38.2131],[-81.7255,38.2144],[-81.7267,38.2158],[-81.7262,38.2194],[-81.7239,38.2217],[-81.7216,38.2235],[-81.7181,38.2263],[-81.7117,38.2273],[-81.7094,38.2282],[-81.6983,38.2302],[-81.6971,38.2298],[-81.6905,38.2199],[-81.6893,38.2195],[-81.6794,38.221],[-81.6758,38.2215],[-81.6717,38.2211],[-81.6618,38.2225],[-81.6571,38.2235],[-81.6489,38.2223],[-81.6471,38.2223],[-81.6464,38.2173],[-81.6452,38.2146],[-81.6446,38.2119],[-81.6503,38.2082],[-81.6503,38.2046],[-81.6466,38.1987],[-81.6442,38.1956],[-81.643,38.192],[-81.647,38.1888],[-81.6481,38.186],[-81.6445,38.1847],[-81.6416,38.1838],[-81.6392,38.1821],[-81.6415,38.1789],[-81.6432,38.1775],[-81.6415,38.1775],[-81.6374,38.1776],[-81.635,38.1767],[-81.632,38.174],[-81.6314,38.1735],[-81.6297,38.174],[-81.628,38.1763],[-81.6216,38.1787],[-81.6169,38.1787],[-81.6122,38.1765],[-81.6057,38.1766],[-81.604,38.1766],[-81.6034,38.1753],[-81.6051,38.173],[-81.6068,38.1725],[-81.605,38.1698],[-81.6032,38.1694],[-81.6009,38.1685],[-81.5997,38.1676],[-81.5996,38.1654],[-81.5996,38.164],[-81.599,38.1622],[-81.5966,38.1618],[-81.5942,38.16],[-81.593,38.1582],[-81.5918,38.1555],[-81.59,38.1528],[-81.5888,38.1501],[-81.5834,38.1465],[-81.5793,38.1439],[-81.5728,38.1421],[-81.5698,38.1408],[-81.5663,38.1409],[-81.5582,38.1423],[-81.5499,38.1406],[-81.544,38.1371],[-81.5439,38.1334],[-81.5444,38.1284],[-81.5467,38.1257],[-81.5478,38.1225],[-81.5466,38.1203],[-81.5442,38.1194],[-81.5407,38.1199],[-81.5378,38.1217],[-81.5355,38.1213],[-81.5331,38.1195],[-81.529,38.1191],[-81.5278,38.1173],[-81.526,38.116],[-81.5236,38.1147],[-81.5213,38.1147],[-81.5184,38.1138],[-81.5172,38.112],[-81.5171,38.1088],[-81.517,38.1052],[-81.5187,38.1038],[-81.5193,38.1034],[-81.5205,38.1034],[-81.5222,38.1024],[-81.5246,38.102],[-81.5286,38.0996],[-81.5327,38.0982],[-81.5355,38.0959],[-81.5361,38.0941],[-81.5384,38.0909],[-81.5389,38.0895],[-81.5393,38.0805],[-81.5398,38.0773],[-81.5381,38.0764],[-81.5351,38.076],[-81.5328,38.076],[-81.5275,38.0734],[-81.5204,38.0703],[-81.5209,38.0648],[-81.5197,38.063],[-81.5132,38.0627],[-81.5097,38.0636],[-81.508,38.0632],[-81.5062,38.0623],[-81.5032,38.0596],[-81.4951,38.0647],[-81.4928,38.0674],[-81.4887,38.0675],[-81.4857,38.0616],[-81.481,38.0603],[-81.4757,38.0586],[-81.4739,38.0559],[-81.4744,38.0527],[-81.4761,38.0495],[-81.4702,38.0446],[-81.4689,38.0392],[-81.4665,38.0369],[-81.4635,38.0351],[-81.4611,38.0311],[-81.4634,38.027],[-81.4657,38.0252],[-81.4679,38.0206],[-81.4679,38.0174],[-81.4655,38.0161],[-81.4602,38.0121],[-81.459,38.0112],[-81.4555,38.0103],[-81.4537,38.0085],[-81.4512,38.0036],[-81.4512,37.999],[-81.4522,37.994],[-81.4527,37.9877],[-81.4532,37.9863],[-81.4549,37.9822],[-81.4542,37.9777],[-81.4525,37.9768],[-81.4448,37.9751],[-81.4425,37.9733],[-81.4395,37.9706],[-81.4371,37.9684],[-81.436,37.9684],[-81.4348,37.9689],[-81.4331,37.9702],[-81.4313,37.9707],[-81.429,37.9707],[-81.4266,37.969],[-81.4243,37.9676],[-81.4207,37.9672],[-81.4178,37.9682],[-81.4161,37.9695],[-81.415,37.9714],[-81.4139,37.9736],[-81.411,37.9746],[-81.4063,37.9724],[-81.4015,37.9697],[-81.391,37.968],[-81.3805,37.9681],[-81.3718,37.9696],[-81.363,37.9701],[-81.3572,37.9711],[-81.3537,37.9739],[-81.3491,37.9766],[-81.3456,37.974],[-81.3414,37.9704],[-81.3344,37.9691],[-81.3291,37.966],[-81.3273,37.9633],[-81.3266,37.9588],[-81.3271,37.9551],[-81.323,37.952],[-81.3189,37.9511],[-81.3124,37.9507],[-81.3036,37.9472],[-81.2977,37.9436],[-81.2977,37.94],[-81.3016,37.9318],[-81.2985,37.9237],[-81.2978,37.9146],[-81.2971,37.9097],[-81.2947,37.9065],[-81.2941,37.9033],[-81.2981,37.8997],[-81.2992,37.896],[-81.2986,37.892],[-81.2968,37.8902],[-81.2927,37.8902],[-81.2758,37.889],[-81.2547,37.8861],[-81.1987,37.8839],[-81.1759,37.8828],[-81.117,37.8788],[-81.1006,37.8776],[-81.0878,37.8773],[-81.0686,37.8761],[-81.069,37.8693],[-81.0707,37.8665],[-81.0742,37.8629],[-81.0782,37.8619],[-81.0888,37.8632],[-81.0975,37.8618],[-81.0992,37.8595],[-81.0974,37.8568],[-81.0916,37.8536],[-81.0874,37.8528],[-81.0642,37.8571],[-81.0566,37.8589],[-81.0473,37.8559],[-81.0484,37.8527],[-81.0536,37.8481],[-81.0593,37.844],[-81.0604,37.8394],[-81.0552,37.8363],[-81.0359,37.8351],[-81.0289,37.832],[-80.9677,37.8366],[-80.9601,37.8316],[-80.9484,37.8258],[-80.9425,37.8227],[-80.9337,37.8187],[-80.9249,37.812],[-80.9219,37.8025],[-80.92,37.7952],[-80.9135,37.7894],[-80.9007,37.7836],[-80.8936,37.7768],[-80.8935,37.7705],[-80.8975,37.7632],[-80.9038,37.7577],[-80.9143,37.7536],[-80.9223,37.7472],[-80.9246,37.7408],[-80.9175,37.7359],[-80.9047,37.731],[-80.897,37.7265],[-80.8929,37.7156],[-80.8875,37.7021],[-80.8775,37.694],[-80.8785,37.6854],[-80.8826,37.6831],[-80.8947,37.6767],[-80.8982,37.6753],[-80.9005,37.6771],[-80.9,37.6811],[-80.9001,37.6902],[-80.9042,37.6956],[-80.9078,37.6992],[-80.9119,37.7028],[-80.9142,37.7033],[-80.9212,37.7032],[-80.927,37.7032],[-80.9335,37.7095],[-80.9388,37.7135],[-80.9481,37.7161],[-80.9557,37.7152],[-80.9632,37.7133],[-80.9731,37.715],[-80.9807,37.7154],[-80.9836,37.7122],[-80.9841,37.7072],[-80.9811,37.7041],[-80.977,37.7005],[-80.9752,37.6969],[-80.977,37.6955],[-80.9833,37.6936],[-80.989,37.6864],[-80.996,37.6831],[-81.0023,37.6813],[-81.0058,37.6794],[-81.0104,37.6744],[-81.0127,37.673],[-81.0225,37.6679],[-81.0351,37.6552],[-81.049,37.6482],[-81.0617,37.6418],[-81.0622,37.6381],[-81.0604,37.6332],[-81.0632,37.6268],[-81.0654,37.6168],[-81.0665,37.61],[-81.071,37.6045],[-81.082,37.5994],[-81.0866,37.5971],[-81.0923,37.5903],[-81.0981,37.5916],[-81.1104,37.5933],[-81.1155,37.5905],[-81.1243,37.5914],[-81.1319,37.5945],[-81.14,37.5962],[-81.1424,37.5962],[-81.1458,37.5948],[-81.1504,37.5906],[-81.1568,37.5915],[-81.1614,37.5887],[-81.1712,37.585],[-81.1752,37.5822],[-81.1781,37.5791],[-81.1851,37.5794],[-81.1909,37.5798],[-81.1937,37.5775],[-81.196,37.5739],[-81.1959,37.5671],[-81.2016,37.562],[-81.2016,37.558],[-81.2009,37.5525],[-81.1991,37.5485],[-81.1967,37.5426],[-81.1972,37.539],[-81.2012,37.533],[-81.2057,37.528],[-81.2057,37.5239],[-81.2084,37.5157],[-81.2101,37.5126],[-81.2135,37.5089],[-81.2164,37.5084],[-81.2205,37.5093],[-81.2288,37.5169],[-81.2381,37.5209],[-81.241,37.5227],[-81.2458,37.529],[-81.2493,37.5294],[-81.2551,37.5311],[-81.2679,37.531],[-81.2714,37.5323],[-81.2737,37.5341],[-81.2854,37.5399],[-81.2925,37.543],[-81.2966,37.5457],[-81.3035,37.5456],[-81.3071,37.5474],[-81.3095,37.5528],[-81.3131,37.5627],[-81.3099,37.5763],[-81.3118,37.5854],[-81.313,37.589],[-81.3225,37.598],[-81.3381,37.6264],[-81.353,37.6479],[-81.3703,37.6722],[-81.4146,37.737],[-81.4223,37.7451],[-81.4265,37.7496],[-81.4311,37.7509],[-81.4382,37.7549],[-81.4436,37.7611],[-81.4454,37.7675],[-81.4514,37.7724],[-81.4568,37.7818],[-81.4592,37.785],[-81.4615,37.7859],[-81.4668,37.7858],[-81.472,37.7844],[-81.4748,37.7821],[-81.4789,37.7829],[-81.4853,37.7829],[-81.4883,37.7833],[-81.4936,37.7896],[-81.4977,37.79],[-81.5095,37.7934],[-81.5124,37.7939],[-81.5153,37.7934],[-81.5164,37.7906],[-81.5257,37.7905],[-81.5315,37.7909],[-81.543,37.7817],[-81.5574,37.7747],[-81.5654,37.7678],[-81.5706,37.7646],[-81.5776,37.7658],[-81.5823,37.7694],[-81.583,37.7721],[-81.5837,37.7789],[-81.5913,37.7829],[-81.599,37.7882],[-81.6084,37.7904],[-81.6143,37.7944],[-81.6156,37.7984],[-81.6215,37.8038],[-81.6308,37.8041],[-81.6332,37.8082],[-81.6392,37.814],[-81.6434,37.8171],[-81.6481,37.8216],[-81.6488,37.8247],[-81.6482,37.827],[-81.6565,37.8296],[-81.6589,37.8332],[-81.6647,37.8322],[-81.6681,37.829],[-81.6775,37.8316],[-81.6804,37.8302],[-81.6843,37.8256],[-81.6907,37.8232],[-81.693,37.8228],[-81.6994,37.8218],[-81.7034,37.819],[-81.7091,37.8139],[-81.7178,37.8097],[-81.7248,37.811],[-81.7284,37.8164],[-81.7349,37.8186],[-81.7333,37.8263],[-81.7433,37.8279],[-81.7462,37.8297],[-81.747,37.8397],[-81.7471,37.8428],[-81.7536,37.8464],[-81.7601,37.8522],[-81.7654,37.8526],[-81.7678,37.8548],[-81.7743,37.8574],[-81.7726,37.862],[-81.7738,37.8633],[-81.7792,37.8682],[-81.781,37.87],[-81.7764,37.8728],[-81.7666,37.8779],[-81.7609,37.8853],[-81.7599,37.8921],[-81.7606,37.8966],[-81.7596,37.9034],[-81.761,37.9107],[-81.7657,37.9138],[-81.7717,37.9187],[-81.7729,37.9214],[-81.7753,37.9258],[-81.7807,37.9299],[-81.7825,37.9325],[-81.7831,37.9353],[-81.7908,37.9374],[-81.7966,37.9369],[-81.8036,37.9386],[-81.8084,37.9417],[-81.8162,37.9493],[-81.8202,37.9465],[-81.857,37.9487],[-81.8688,37.9526],[-81.8752,37.952],[-81.8792,37.9506],[-81.8851,37.9501],[-81.8974,37.9512],[-81.905,37.9534],[-81.9092,37.9565],[-81.9139,37.9587],[-81.9139,37.9596],[-81.9098,37.9592],[-81.9047,37.9638],[-81.9054,37.9692],[-81.9096,37.9728],[-81.9138,37.9759],[-81.9225,37.9771],[-81.9372,37.9778],[-81.9436,37.9768],[-81.9511,37.9735],[-81.9529,37.9744],[-81.9564,37.9766],[-81.9605,37.9779],[-81.9688,37.9796],[-81.9759,37.9831],[-81.9814,37.9925],[-81.9653,38.005],[-81.9556,38.0133],[-81.9292,38.0287]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Boone\",\"state\":\"WV\"}}]}","volume":"37","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ff9bc2e4b0328dcb7eaa54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kurth, Laura","contributorId":168404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kurth","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25281,"text":"West Virginia University, WV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geboy, Nicholas J. ngeboy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geboy","given":"Nicholas J.","email":"ngeboy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hendryx, Michael","contributorId":168405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hendryx","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25281,"text":"West Virginia University, WV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McCawley, Michael","contributorId":168406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCawley","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25281,"text":"West Virginia University, WV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Crosby, Lynn M. lcrosby@usgs.gov","contributorId":369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosby","given":"Lynn","email":"lcrosby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tatu, Calin A. ctatu@usgs.gov","contributorId":5437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatu","given":"Calin","email":"ctatu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Varonka, Matthew S. 0000-0003-3620-5262 mvaronka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3620-5262","contributorId":4726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varonka","given":"Matthew","email":"mvaronka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"DeVera, Christina A. 0000-0002-4691-6108 cdevera@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4691-6108","contributorId":3845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeVera","given":"Christina","email":"cdevera@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70189075,"text":"70189075 - 2015 - Joint inversion of seismic and magnetotelluric data in the Parkfield Region of California using the normalized cross-gradient constraint","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-25T10:55:30","indexId":"70189075","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Joint inversion of seismic and magnetotelluric data in the Parkfield Region of California using the normalized cross-gradient constraint","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present jointly inverted models of P-wave velocity (Vp) and electrical resistivity for a two-dimensional profile centered on the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD). Significant structural similarity between main features of the separately inverted Vp and resistivity models is exploited by carrying out a joint inversion of the two datasets using the normalized cross-gradient constraint. This constraint favors structurally similar Vp and resistivity images that adequately fit the seismic and magnetotelluric (MT) datasets. The new inversion code, tomoDDMT, merges the seismic inversion code tomoDD and the forward modeling and sensitivity kernel subroutines of the MT inversion code OCCAM2DMT. TomoDDMT is tested on a synthetic dataset and demonstrates the code’s ability to more accurately resolve features of the input synthetic structure relative to the separately inverted resistivity and velocity models. Using tomoDDMT, we are able to resolve a number of key issues raised during drilling at SAFOD. We are able to infer the distribution of several geologic units including the Salinian granitoids, the Great Valley sequence, and the Franciscan Formation. The distribution and transport of fluids at both shallow and great depths is also examined. Low values of velocity/resistivity attributed to a feature known as the Eastern Conductor (EC) can be explained in two ways: the EC is a brine-filled, high porosity region, or this region is composed largely of clay-rich shales of the Franciscan. The Eastern Wall, which lies immediately adjacent to the EC, is unlikely to be a fluid pathway into the San Andreas Fault’s seismogenic zone due to its observed higher resistivity and velocity values.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"SpringerLink","doi":"10.1007/s00024-014-1002-9","usgsCitation":"Bennington, N.L., Zhang, H., Thurber, C., and Bedrosian, P.A., 2015, Joint inversion of seismic and magnetotelluric data in the Parkfield Region of California using the normalized cross-gradient constraint: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 172, no. 5, p. 1033-1052, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-014-1002-9.","productDescription":"20 p. ","startPage":"1033","endPage":"1052","ipdsId":"IP-036947","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Parkfield Region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.78369140624999,\n              35.5936689609791\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.87319946289062,\n              35.5936689609791\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.87319946289062,\n              36.10126686921446\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.78369140624999,\n              36.10126686921446\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.78369140624999,\n              35.5936689609791\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"172","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59576337e4b0d1f9f051b52a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennington, Ninfa L.","contributorId":172950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennington","given":"Ninfa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":702782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Haijiang","contributorId":174443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Haijiang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36359,"text":"University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":702783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurber, Cliff","contributorId":193979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thurber","given":"Cliff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bedrosian, Paul A. 0000-0002-6786-1038 pbedrosian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038","contributorId":839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"Paul","email":"pbedrosian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70188502,"text":"70188502 - 2015 - Stafford fault system: 120 million year fault movement history of northern Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-23T16:13:24","indexId":"70188502","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stafford fault system: 120 million year fault movement history of northern Virginia","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Stafford fault system, located in the mid-Atlantic coastal plain of the eastern United States, provides the most complete record of fault movement during the past ~120 m.y. across the Virginia, Washington, District of Columbia (D.C.), and Maryland region, including displacement of Pleistocene terrace gravels. The Stafford fault system is close to and aligned with the Piedmont Spotsylvania and Long Branch fault zones. The dominant southwest-northeast trend of strong shaking from the 23 August 2011, moment magnitude M</span><sub>w</sub><span> 5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake is consistent with the connectivity of these faults, as seismic energy appears to have traveled along the documented and proposed extensions of the Stafford fault system into the Washington, D.C., area. Some other faults documented in the nearby coastal plain are clearly rooted in crystalline basement faults, especially along terrane boundaries. These coastal plain faults are commonly assumed to have undergone relatively uniform movement through time, with average slip rates from 0.3 to 1.5 m/m.y. However, there were higher rates during the Paleocene–early Eocene and the Pliocene (4.4–27.4 m/m.y), suggesting that slip occurred primarily during large earthquakes. Further investigation of the Stafford fault system is needed to understand potential earthquake hazards for the Virginia, Maryland, and Washington, D.C., area. The combined Stafford fault system and aligned Piedmont faults are ~180 km long, so if the combined fault system ruptured in a single event, it would result in a significantly larger magnitude earthquake than the Mineral earthquake. Many structures most strongly affected during the Mineral earthquake are along or near the Stafford fault system and its proposed northeastward extension.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2015.2509(23)","usgsCitation":"Powars, D.S., Catchings, R.D., Horton, J.W., Schindler, J.S., and Pavich, M.J., 2015, Stafford fault system: 120 million year fault movement history of northern Virginia: GSA Special Papers, v. 509, p. 407-431, https://doi.org/10.1130/2015.2509(23).","productDescription":"24 p. ","startPage":"407","endPage":"431","ipdsId":"IP-055643","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-75.973607,37.835817],[-75.971705,37.830928],[-75.977301,37.825821],[-75.982158,37.806226],[-75.987301,37.804917],[-75.9983,37.812626],[-75.999658,37.848198],[-75.992556,37.848889],[-75.988018,37.841085],[-75.973607,37.835817]]],[[[-76.029405,37.953776],[-75.994739,37.953501],[-76.017592,37.935161],[-76.032491,37.915008],[-76.04653,37.953586],[-76.029405,37.953776]]],[[[-75.242266,38.027209],[-75.296871,37.959043],[-75.334296,37.893477],[-75.359036,37.864143],[-75.374642,37.859454],[-75.40054,37.874865],[-75.437868,37.872324],[-75.467951,37.851328],[-75.514921,37.799149],[-75.581333,37.683593],[-75.586136,37.660653],[-75.610808,37.605909],[-75.612237,37.585602],[-75.608123,37.578018],[-75.595716,37.576657],[-75.594044,37.569698],[-75.63337,37.52214],[-75.666178,37.472124],[-75.66179,37.455028],[-75.665957,37.439209],[-75.697914,37.405301],[-75.720739,37.373129],[-75.727335,37.360346],[-75.726691,37.350127],[-75.735829,37.335426],[-75.765401,37.305596],[-75.778817,37.297176],[-75.784634,37.300976],[-75.798448,37.296285],[-75.79083,37.276207],[-75.799343,37.251779],[-75.789929,37.228134],[-75.804446,37.208011],[-75.800755,37.197297],[-75.897298,37.118037],[-75.912308,37.115154],[-75.92552,37.133601],[-75.945872,37.120514],[-75.97043,37.118608],[-75.978083,37.157338],[-76.013071,37.205366],[-76.010535,37.231579],[-76.025753,37.257407],[-76.023664,37.268971],[-76.015507,37.280874],[-76.023475,37.289067],[-76.018645,37.31782],[-76.014251,37.331943],[-75.987122,37.368548],[-75.97997,37.404608],[-75.983105,37.415802],[-75.981624,37.434116],[-75.960877,37.467562],[-75.963326,37.481785],[-75.958966,37.500133],[-75.940318,37.534582],[-75.937665,37.549652],[-75.941182,37.563839],[-75.924756,37.600215],[-75.909586,37.622671],[-75.868481,37.668224],[-75.868355,37.687609],[-75.859262,37.703111],[-75.837685,37.712985],[-75.827922,37.737986],[-75.812155,37.749502],[-75.803041,37.762464],[-75.818125,37.791698],[-75.784599,37.806826],[-75.743097,37.806656],[-75.73588,37.816561],[-75.723224,37.820124],[-75.71659,37.826696],[-75.709114,37.8477],[-75.689837,37.861817],[-75.685293,37.873341],[-75.687584,37.88634],[-75.709626,37.900622],[-75.753048,37.896605],[-75.758796,37.897615],[-75.757694,37.903912],[-75.712065,37.936082],[-75.704318,37.92901],[-75.693942,37.930362],[-75.669711,37.950796],[-75.655681,37.945435],[-75.647606,37.947027],[-75.648229,37.966775],[-75.638221,37.979397],[-75.629532,37.975966],[-75.633712,37.983057],[-75.624342,37.994208],[-75.242266,38.027209]]],[[[-77.041898,38.741514],[-77.041398,38.724515],[-77.045498,38.714315],[-77.053199,38.709915],[-77.079499,38.709515],[-77.1059,38.696815],[-77.132501,38.673816],[-77.135901,38.649817],[-77.1302,38.635017],[-77.157501,38.636417],[-77.174902,38.624217],[-77.202002,38.617217],[-77.216303,38.637817],[-77.240604,38.638917],[-77.246704,38.635217],[-77.247003,38.590618],[-77.26443,38.582845],[-77.26083,38.56533],[-77.276603,38.54712],[-77.276303,38.53962],[-77.283503,38.525221],[-77.310334,38.493926],[-77.322622,38.467131],[-77.32544,38.44885],[-77.310719,38.397669],[-77.317288,38.383576],[-77.296077,38.369797],[-77.279633,38.339444],[-77.265295,38.333165],[-77.240072,38.331598],[-77.162692,38.345994],[-77.138224,38.367917],[-77.08481,38.368297],[-77.069956,38.377895],[-77.056032,38.3962],[-77.043526,38.400548],[-77.011827,38.374554],[-77.016932,38.341697],[-77.030683,38.311623],[-77.026304,38.302685],[-76.99767,38.278047],[-76.981372,38.274214],[-76.96215,38.256486],[-76.957417,38.236341],[-76.967335,38.227185],[-76.962311,38.214075],[-76.937134,38.202384],[-76.910832,38.197073],[-76.875272,38.172207],[-76.838795,38.163476],[-76.788445,38.169199],[-76.760241,38.166581],[-76.743064,38.156988],[-76.738938,38.14651],[-76.721722,38.137635],[-76.704048,38.149264],[-76.701297,38.155718],[-76.684892,38.156497],[-76.665127,38.147638],[-76.643448,38.14825],[-76.629476,38.15305],[-76.613939,38.148587],[-76.604131,38.128771],[-76.600937,38.110084],[-76.579497,38.09487],[-76.543155,38.076971],[-76.535919,38.069532],[-76.516547,38.026566],[-76.469343,38.013544],[-76.462542,37.998572],[-76.416299,37.966828],[-76.343848,37.947345],[-76.265998,37.91138],[-76.236725,37.889174],[-76.251358,37.833072],[-76.275178,37.812664],[-76.282592,37.814109],[-76.284904,37.822308],[-76.293525,37.822717],[-76.307482,37.81235],[-76.310307,37.794849],[-76.306489,37.788646],[-76.312108,37.750522],[-76.304917,37.729913],[-76.312858,37.720338],[-76.300067,37.695364],[-76.302545,37.689],[-76.324808,37.676983],[-76.339892,37.655966],[-76.332562,37.645817],[-76.292534,37.636098],[-76.279447,37.618225],[-76.28037,37.613715],[-76.309174,37.621892],[-76.36232,37.610368],[-76.381106,37.627003],[-76.390054,37.630326],[-76.399236,37.628636],[-76.472392,37.665772],[-76.489576,37.666201],[-76.497564,37.647056],[-76.510187,37.642324],[-76.536548,37.663574],[-76.537228,37.698892],[-76.560476,37.727827],[-76.584289,37.76889],[-76.602024,37.772731],[-76.651413,37.796239],[-76.680197,37.825654],[-76.701606,37.822677],[-76.72718,37.842263],[-76.747552,37.875864],[-76.765711,37.879274],[-76.784618,37.869569],[-76.766328,37.840437],[-76.723863,37.788503],[-76.689773,37.78519],[-76.683775,37.781391],[-76.683372,37.765507],[-76.677002,37.7561],[-76.61971,37.744795],[-76.61997,37.731271],[-76.597213,37.717269],[-76.597868,37.702918],[-76.579591,37.671508],[-76.583143,37.661986],[-76.574049,37.646781],[-76.542666,37.616857],[-76.527188,37.611315],[-76.435474,37.612807],[-76.420252,37.598686],[-76.410781,37.581815],[-76.383188,37.573056],[-76.357835,37.573699],[-76.300144,37.561734],[-76.29796,37.557636],[-76.302762,37.551295],[-76.330598,37.536391],[-76.348992,37.536548],[-76.360474,37.51924],[-76.352678,37.504913],[-76.32947,37.49492],[-76.306952,37.497488],[-76.297739,37.506863],[-76.297651,37.515424],[-76.293599,37.516499],[-76.281043,37.507821],[-76.265056,37.481365],[-76.252415,37.447274],[-76.245283,37.386839],[-76.24846,37.375135],[-76.264847,37.357399],[-76.272888,37.335174],[-76.275552,37.309964],[-76.282555,37.319107],[-76.308581,37.329366],[-76.31205,37.338088],[-76.337476,37.364014],[-76.387112,37.385061],[-76.393958,37.39594],[-76.415167,37.402133],[-76.418719,37.3978],[-76.418176,37.385064],[-76.437525,37.37975],[-76.445333,37.36646],[-76.406388,37.332924],[-76.38777,37.30767],[-76.381075,37.28534],[-76.369029,37.279311],[-76.352556,37.278334],[-76.349489,37.273963],[-76.392788,37.264973],[-76.417173,37.26395],[-76.421765,37.255198],[-76.429141,37.25331],[-76.475927,37.250543],[-76.48284,37.254831],[-76.493302,37.24947],[-76.50364,37.233856],[-76.494008,37.225408],[-76.471799,37.216016],[-76.394132,37.22515],[-76.389793,37.222981],[-76.396052,37.201087],[-76.389284,37.193503],[-76.391252,37.179887],[-76.399659,37.160272],[-76.381379,37.155711],[-76.35969,37.16858],[-76.348658,37.170655],[-76.343234,37.166207],[-76.34405,37.160367],[-76.334017,37.144223],[-76.311088,37.138495],[-76.292344,37.126615],[-76.271262,37.084544],[-76.304272,37.001378],[-76.315008,37.001683],[-76.318065,37.013846],[-76.34011,37.015212],[-76.348066,37.006747],[-76.383367,36.993347],[-76.411768,36.962847],[-76.428869,36.969947],[-76.452118,36.998163],[-76.452461,37.004603],[-76.448231,37.007705],[-76.464471,37.027547],[-76.518242,37.055351],[-76.526273,37.062947],[-76.526203,37.077773],[-76.536875,37.083942],[-76.555066,37.075859],[-76.564219,37.077507],[-76.579499,37.096627],[-76.618252,37.119347],[-76.62478,37.127091],[-76.622252,37.142146],[-76.604476,37.160034],[-76.606684,37.166674],[-76.610972,37.166994],[-76.623292,37.198738],[-76.649869,37.220914],[-76.689166,37.222866],[-76.730951,37.213813],[-76.74,37.195379],[-76.75047,37.190098],[-76.757765,37.191658],[-76.780532,37.209336],[-76.801023,37.206043],[-76.802511,37.198308],[-76.796905,37.189404],[-76.756899,37.161582],[-76.747632,37.150548],[-76.73032,37.145395],[-76.715295,37.148035],[-76.696735,37.174403],[-76.691918,37.195731],[-76.685614,37.198851],[-76.663774,37.173875],[-76.67147,37.158739],[-76.671588,37.14206],[-76.666542,37.138179],[-76.656894,37.109843],[-76.669822,37.06426],[-76.662558,37.045748],[-76.646013,37.036228],[-76.612124,37.035604],[-76.586491,37.02874],[-76.562923,37.003796],[-76.524853,36.983833],[-76.521006,36.973187],[-76.513363,36.968057],[-76.500355,36.965212],[-76.487559,36.952372],[-76.482407,36.917364],[-76.483369,36.896239],[-76.469914,36.882898],[-76.454692,36.884077],[-76.453941,36.89274],[-76.441605,36.906116],[-76.407507,36.897444],[-76.387567,36.899547],[-76.385867,36.923247],[-76.345569,36.924531],[-76.344663,36.919313],[-76.328864,36.918447],[-76.330765,36.938647],[-76.327365,36.959447],[-76.315867,36.955351],[-76.297663,36.968147],[-76.267962,36.964547],[-76.22166,36.939547],[-76.139557,36.923047],[-76.095508,36.908817],[-76.058154,36.916947],[-76.033454,36.931946],[-76.013753,36.930746],[-75.996252,36.922047],[-75.94955,36.76115],[-75.921748,36.692051],[-75.890946,36.630753],[-75.874145,36.583853],[-75.867044,36.550754],[-76.915897,36.552093],[-76.916048,36.543815],[-77.152691,36.544078],[-77.16966,36.547315],[-77.205156,36.544581],[-78.245462,36.544411],[-78.529722,36.540981],[-80.122183,36.542646],[-80.295243,36.543973],[-80.704831,36.562319],[-80.837089,36.559154],[-81.003802,36.563629],[-81.176712,36.571926],[-81.442228,36.576822],[-81.600934,36.587019],[-81.677535,36.588117],[-81.6469,36.611918],[-81.922644,36.616213],[-81.934144,36.594213],[-83.248933,36.593827],[-83.2763,36.598187],[-83.55681,36.597384],[-83.675413,36.600814],[-83.649513,36.616683],[-83.645213,36.624183],[-83.628913,36.624083],[-83.607913,36.637083],[-83.577312,36.641784],[-83.562612,36.651284],[-83.541812,36.656584],[-83.529612,36.666184],[-83.498011,36.670485],[-83.466483,36.6647],[-83.423707,36.667385],[-83.395806,36.676786],[-83.386099,36.686589],[-83.307103,36.711387],[-83.194597,36.739487],[-83.136395,36.743088],[-83.127833,36.750828],[-83.126719,36.761],[-83.132477,36.764398],[-83.128494,36.775588],[-83.131694,36.781488],[-83.103092,36.806689],[-83.098492,36.814289],[-83.101792,36.829089],[-83.07519,36.840889],[-83.07259,36.854589],[-83.047589,36.851789],[-83.026887,36.855489],[-83.021887,36.849989],[-83.009222,36.847295],[-82.998376,36.85663],[-82.970253,36.857686],[-82.951685,36.866152],[-82.907774,36.874706],[-82.906325,36.87974],[-82.879492,36.889085],[-82.870068,36.901735],[-82.877473,36.90796],[-82.858635,36.927785],[-82.861282,36.944848],[-82.856099,36.952471],[-82.87023,36.965498],[-82.868455,36.976481],[-82.862926,36.979975],[-82.857936,36.978276],[-82.853729,36.985178],[-82.845002,36.983812],[-82.836008,36.988837],[-82.830802,36.993445],[-82.828592,37.005707],[-82.782144,37.008242],[-82.759175,37.027333],[-82.747981,37.025214],[-82.743684,37.041397],[-82.722472,37.045101],[-82.727022,37.073019],[-82.718353,37.075706],[-82.717204,37.079544],[-82.724954,37.091905],[-82.721617,37.101276],[-82.726449,37.114985],[-82.722097,37.120168],[-82.684601,37.135835],[-82.676765,37.134965],[-82.651646,37.151908],[-82.633493,37.154264],[-82.592451,37.182847],[-82.550372,37.204458],[-82.531576,37.209163],[-82.528746,37.213742],[-82.520117,37.212906],[-82.498858,37.227044],[-82.491486,37.225086],[-82.487317,37.230578],[-82.457016,37.238288],[-82.449164,37.243908],[-82.350948,37.267077],[-82.342068,37.274109],[-82.341849,37.280886],[-82.324619,37.28318],[-82.309415,37.300066],[-81.968297,37.537798],[-81.969279,37.534325],[-81.959362,37.53522],[-81.953524,37.528056],[-81.943981,37.5303],[-81.94766,37.52508],[-81.943693,37.521212],[-81.944756,37.513657],[-81.938749,37.512902],[-81.933088,37.518968],[-81.926391,37.514207],[-81.941151,37.509483],[-81.943912,37.502929],[-81.951831,37.50205],[-81.953264,37.491763],[-81.964986,37.493488],[-81.977593,37.484603],[-81.992916,37.482969],[-81.995649,37.469833],[-81.987006,37.454878],[-81.976176,37.457186],[-81.965582,37.446918],[-81.949367,37.445687],[-81.945765,37.440214],[-81.935621,37.438397],[-81.940553,37.429058],[-81.93695,37.41992],[-81.923481,37.411379],[-81.930042,37.405291],[-81.928778,37.393845],[-81.936744,37.38073],[-81.926697,37.364618],[-81.928497,37.360645],[-81.916678,37.349346],[-81.899495,37.341102],[-81.893773,37.330105],[-81.880886,37.331146],[-81.860267,37.315715],[-81.865429,37.31012],[-81.859624,37.304765],[-81.856032,37.306742],[-81.853551,37.287701],[-81.849949,37.285227],[-81.838762,37.286343],[-81.834432,37.285416],[-81.83447,37.281763],[-81.819625,37.279411],[-81.805382,37.285622],[-81.793595,37.284838],[-81.793639,37.282188],[-81.789294,37.284416],[-81.774747,37.274847],[-81.76022,37.275254],[-81.745505,37.26133],[-81.744291,37.244178],[-81.739277,37.238837],[-81.723061,37.240493],[-81.716248,37.234321],[-81.71573,37.228771],[-81.695113,37.21357],[-81.683544,37.211452],[-81.683268,37.205649],[-81.678603,37.202467],[-81.5536,37.208443],[-81.545211,37.220165],[-81.508786,37.232564],[-81.498874,37.258025],[-81.492287,37.25096],[-81.480144,37.251121],[-81.449068,37.269583],[-81.416663,37.273214],[-81.40506,37.298794],[-81.398185,37.302965],[-81.394287,37.316411],[-81.388132,37.319903],[-81.374455,37.318614],[-81.362156,37.337687],[-81.320105,37.299323],[-81.225104,37.234874],[-81.167029,37.262881],[-81.112596,37.278497],[-80.979589,37.302279],[-80.981322,37.293465],[-80.966556,37.292158],[-80.947896,37.295872],[-80.900535,37.315],[-80.868986,37.338573],[-80.849451,37.346909],[-80.883248,37.383933],[-80.862761,37.411829],[-80.865148,37.419927],[-80.859563,37.429558],[-80.846324,37.423394],[-80.837678,37.425658],[-80.808769,37.406271],[-80.806129,37.398074],[-80.784188,37.394587],[-80.770082,37.372363],[-80.705203,37.394618],[-80.645893,37.422147],[-80.63439,37.431227],[-80.622664,37.433307],[-80.552036,37.473563],[-80.511391,37.481672],[-80.492981,37.457749],[-80.49728,37.444779],[-80.494867,37.43507],[-80.475601,37.422949],[-80.371952,37.474069],[-80.36317,37.480001],[-80.366838,37.484879],[-80.309331,37.50288],[-80.299789,37.508271],[-80.282385,37.533517],[-80.291644,37.536505],[-80.309346,37.527381],[-80.330306,37.536244],[-80.312393,37.546239],[-80.328504,37.564315],[-80.258919,37.595499],[-80.240272,37.606961],[-80.220984,37.627767],[-80.267228,37.646011],[-80.279372,37.657077],[-80.296138,37.691783],[-80.253077,37.725899],[-80.252024,37.729825],[-80.262765,37.738336],[-80.257411,37.756084],[-80.251622,37.755866],[-80.246902,37.768309],[-80.230458,37.778305],[-80.217634,37.776775],[-80.215892,37.781989],[-80.227965,37.791714],[-80.227092,37.798886],[-80.218611,37.809783],[-80.206482,37.81597],[-80.199633,37.827507],[-80.179391,37.839751],[-80.183062,37.850646],[-80.176712,37.854029],[-80.162202,37.875122],[-80.148951,37.886892],[-80.141947,37.882616],[-80.12362,37.897943],[-80.117747,37.89772],[-80.118967,37.903614],[-80.102931,37.918911],[-80.096563,37.918112],[-80.074514,37.942221],[-80.04841,37.957481],[-79.999384,37.995842],[-79.995901,38.005791],[-79.973701,38.032556],[-79.954369,38.080397],[-79.92633,38.107151],[-79.938051,38.110759],[-79.944843,38.131585],[-79.933751,38.135508],[-79.925512,38.150237],[-79.918662,38.15479],[-79.914884,38.167524],[-79.917924,38.168399],[-79.916622,38.177994],[-79.921026,38.179954],[-79.91441,38.188418],[-79.898426,38.193045],[-79.888045,38.20736],[-79.850324,38.233329],[-79.846445,38.240003],[-79.835124,38.241892],[-79.830882,38.249687],[-79.817149,38.249511],[-79.811987,38.260401],[-79.806333,38.259193],[-79.790134,38.267654],[-79.789791,38.281167],[-79.795448,38.290228],[-79.802778,38.292073],[-79.810115,38.305037],[-79.808711,38.309429],[-79.79655,38.32348],[-79.77309,38.335529],[-79.764432,38.356514],[-79.740615,38.354101],[-79.725973,38.363229],[-79.72679,38.370832],[-79.730494,38.372217],[-79.72635,38.38707],[-79.706634,38.41573],[-79.689675,38.431439],[-79.691478,38.446282],[-79.688365,38.45687],[-79.698929,38.469869],[-79.693424,38.481011],[-79.697572,38.487223],[-79.692273,38.496474],[-79.682974,38.501317],[-79.680374,38.510617],[-79.670474,38.507717],[-79.663474,38.514117],[-79.662974,38.518717],[-79.672974,38.528717],[-79.666874,38.538317],[-79.669275,38.549516],[-79.665075,38.560916],[-79.659275,38.562416],[-79.659375,38.572616],[-79.649075,38.591515],[-79.53827,38.551817],[-79.521469,38.533918],[-79.476638,38.457228],[-79.312276,38.411876],[-79.288432,38.42096],[-79.282971,38.418095],[-79.279678,38.424173],[-79.282762,38.431647],[-79.267414,38.438322],[-79.254435,38.455949],[-79.242641,38.454168],[-79.240059,38.469841],[-79.225669,38.476471],[-79.219067,38.487441],[-79.210591,38.492913],[-79.206959,38.503522],[-79.210959,38.507422],[-79.205859,38.524521],[-79.176658,38.56552],[-79.170958,38.56812],[-79.170858,38.574119],[-79.158657,38.592319],[-79.159158,38.601219],[-79.151257,38.620618],[-79.131057,38.653217],[-79.122256,38.659817],[-79.106356,38.656217],[-79.092955,38.659517],[-79.084355,38.686516],[-79.090755,38.692515],[-79.092755,38.702315],[-79.072555,38.747513],[-79.057554,38.760213],[-79.055654,38.770913],[-79.051554,38.772613],[-79.054954,38.785713],[-79.046554,38.792113],[-79.029253,38.791013],[-79.023053,38.798613],[-79.024053,38.809212],[-79.019553,38.817912],[-79.006152,38.824512],[-78.998171,38.847353],[-78.993997,38.850102],[-78.869276,38.762991],[-78.786025,38.887187],[-78.759085,38.900529],[-78.738921,38.927283],[-78.718482,38.934267],[-78.71981,38.905907],[-78.717178,38.904296],[-78.704323,38.915231],[-78.69738,38.915602],[-78.670679,38.9338],[-78.646589,38.968138],[-78.638423,38.966819],[-78.625672,38.982575],[-78.620453,38.982601],[-78.618676,38.974082],[-78.611184,38.976134],[-78.601655,38.964603],[-78.570462,39.001552],[-78.550467,39.018065],[-78.571901,39.031995],[-78.540216,39.060631],[-78.522714,39.071062],[-78.495984,39.09898],[-78.478426,39.109843],[-78.475376,39.107469],[-78.459869,39.113351],[-78.439429,39.132146],[-78.427294,39.152726],[-78.403697,39.167451],[-78.426315,39.182762],[-78.428697,39.187217],[-78.424292,39.192156],[-78.438651,39.198049],[-78.405585,39.231176],[-78.404214,39.241214],[-78.399669,39.243874],[-78.418584,39.256065],[-78.414204,39.26391],[-78.367242,39.310148],[-78.364686,39.317312],[-78.35894,39.319484],[-78.346301,39.339108],[-78.347634,39.34272],[-78.339284,39.348605],[-78.34048,39.353492],[-78.366867,39.35929],[-78.343214,39.388807],[-78.350014,39.392861],[-78.349436,39.397252],[-78.359918,39.409028],[-78.346718,39.427618],[-78.353227,39.436792],[-78.346061,39.445613],[-78.345143,39.459484],[-78.349476,39.462205],[-78.347087,39.466012],[-77.828157,39.132329],[-77.822182,39.139985],[-77.821413,39.15241],[-77.805991,39.172421],[-77.793631,39.210125],[-77.771415,39.236776],[-77.767277,39.24938],[-77.770589,39.249393],[-77.770669,39.255262],[-77.762844,39.258445],[-77.747287,39.295001],[-77.730047,39.315666],[-77.719029,39.321125],[-77.692984,39.31845],[-77.677123,39.324077],[-77.650997,39.310784],[-77.615939,39.302722],[-77.592739,39.30129],[-77.566596,39.306121],[-77.561826,39.301913],[-77.560854,39.286152],[-77.540581,39.264947],[-77.486813,39.247586],[-77.45812,39.22614],[-77.459883,39.218682],[-77.47361,39.208407],[-77.477362,39.190495],[-77.505162,39.18205],[-77.516426,39.170891],[-77.527282,39.146236],[-77.524559,39.127821],[-77.519929,39.120925],[-77.4858,39.109303],[-77.458202,39.073723],[-77.38568,39.061987],[-77.340287,39.062991],[-77.293105,39.046508],[-77.274706,39.034091],[-77.248403,39.026909],[-77.244603,39.020109],[-77.255703,39.002409],[-77.249203,38.993709],[-77.249803,38.985909],[-77.234803,38.97631],[-77.232268,38.979502],[-77.221502,38.97131],[-77.197502,38.96681],[-77.183002,38.96881],[-77.148179,38.965002],[-77.1034,38.912911],[-77.0902,38.904211],[-77.067299,38.899211],[-77.058254,38.880069],[-77.049099,38.870712],[-77.046599,38.874912],[-77.039099,38.868112],[-77.031698,38.850512],[-77.032798,38.841712],[-77.044199,38.840212],[-77.044899,38.834712],[-77.039199,38.832212],[-77.035798,38.814913],[-77.041898,38.741514]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Virginia\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"509","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b38e4b0764e6c65dc26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catchings, Rufus D. 0000-0002-5191-6102 catching@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-6102","contributorId":1519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"Rufus","email":"catching@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":173694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wright","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":698046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schindler, J. Stephen 0000-0001-9550-5957 sschindl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-5957","contributorId":3270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"J.","email":"sschindl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pavich, Milan J. mpavich@usgs.gov","contributorId":2348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"Milan","email":"mpavich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70173449,"text":"70173449 - 2015 - Predicting Brook Trout occurrence in stream reaches throughout their native range in the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T14:18:23","indexId":"70173449","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T01:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting Brook Trout occurrence in stream reaches throughout their native range in the eastern United States","docAbstract":"<p>The Brook Trout <i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i> is an important species of conservation concern in the eastern USA. We developed a model to predict Brook Trout population status within individual stream reaches throughout the species&rsquo; native range in the eastern USA. We utilized hierarchical logistic regression with Bayesian estimation to predict Brook Trout occurrence probability, and we allowed slopes and intercepts to vary among ecological drainage units (EDUs). Model performance was similar for 7,327 training samples and 1,832 validation samples based on the area under the receiver operating curve (&sim;0.78) and Cohen's kappa statistic (0.44). Predicted water temperature had a strong negative effect on Brook Trout occurrence probability at the stream reach scale and was also negatively associated with the EDU average probability of Brook Trout occurrence (i.e., EDU-specific intercepts). The effect of soil permeability was positive but decreased as EDU mean soil permeability increased. Brook Trout were less likely to occur in stream reaches surrounded by agricultural or developed land cover, and an interaction suggested that agricultural land cover also resulted in an increased sensitivity to water temperature. Our model provides a further understanding of how Brook Trout are shaped by habitat characteristics in the region and yields maps of stream-reach-scale predictions, which together can be used to support ongoing conservation and management efforts. These decision support tools can be used to identify the extent of potentially suitable habitat, estimate historic habitat losses, and prioritize conservation efforts by selecting suitable stream reaches for a given action. Future work could extend the model to account for additional landscape or habitat characteristics, include biotic interactions, or estimate potential Brook Trout responses to climate and land use changes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2014.963256","usgsCitation":"DeWeber, J.T., and Wagner, T., 2015, Predicting Brook Trout occurrence in stream reaches throughout their native range in the eastern United States: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, no. 1, p. 11-24, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.963256.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056790","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324235,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -68.433837890625, 47.27922900257082 ], [ -68.367919921875, 47.3834738721015 ], [ -68.2470703125, 47.36115300722623 ], [ -68.148193359375, 47.29413372501023 ], [ -67.994384765625, 47.204642388766935 ], [ -67.8515625, 47.11499982620772 ], [ -67.763671875, 47.07760411715964 ], [ -67.774658203125, 45.935870621190546 ], [ -67.752685546875, 45.85941212790755 ], [ -67.774658203125, 45.775186183521036 ], [ -67.78564453125, 45.706179285330855 ], [ -67.642822265625, 45.66012730272194 ], [ -67.532958984375, 45.60635207711834 ], [ -67.48901367187499, 45.598665689820656 ], [ -67.43408203124999, 45.537136680398596 ], [ -67.4560546875, 45.46783598133375 ], [ -67.423095703125, 45.31352900692258 ], [ -67.3681640625, 45.205263456162385 ], [ -67.24731445312499, 45.213003555993964 ], [ -67.1484375, 45.1433047394883 ], [ -67.08251953125, 45.0657615477031 ], [ -66.97265625, 44.933696389694674 ], [ -66.610107421875, 44.762336674810996 ], [ -66.697998046875, 44.5278427984555 ], [ -67.027587890625, 44.47299117260252 ], [ -67.236328125, 44.55133484083592 ], [ -67.445068359375, 44.535674532413196 ], [ -67.576904296875, 44.41808794374849 ], [ -67.78564453125, 44.34742225636393 ], [ -67.97241210937499, 44.284536706018905 ], [ -68.13720703125, 44.22158376545796 ], [ -68.236083984375, 44.134913443750726 ], [ -68.35693359375, 44.04811573082351 ], [ -68.477783203125, 44.02442151965934 ], [ -68.62060546875, 43.94537239244209 ], [ -68.741455078125, 43.92163712834673 ], [ -68.829345703125, 43.75522505306928 ], [ -69.049072265625, 43.8028187190472 ], [ -69.32373046875, 43.667871610117494 ], [ -69.576416015625, 43.691707903073805 ], [ -69.796142578125, 43.65197548731187 ], [ -70.048828125, 43.5326204268101 ], [ -70.345458984375, 43.44494295526125 ], [ -70.521240234375, 43.25320494908846 ], [ -70.6201171875, 43.02071359427862 ], [ -70.762939453125, 42.80346172417078 ], [ -70.609130859375, 42.73894375124377 ], [ -70.59814453125, 42.593532625649935 ], [ -70.72998046875, 42.4639928001706 ], [ -70.83984375, 42.32606244456202 ], [ -70.675048828125, 42.25291778330197 ], [ -70.6201171875, 42.13896840458089 ], [ -70.543212890625, 42.02481360781777 ], [ -70.433349609375, 41.86956082699455 ], [ -70.29052734375, 41.84501267270689 ], [ -70.235595703125, 41.87774145109676 ], [ -70.191650390625, 41.934976500546604 ], [ -70.257568359375, 42.016651835568226 ], [ -70.2685546875, 42.12267315117256 ], [ -70.1806640625, 42.13896840458089 ], [ -70.081787109375, 42.114523952464246 ], [ -69.927978515625, 41.934976500546604 ], [ -69.873046875, 41.68111756290652 ], [ -69.873046875, 41.51680395810115 ], [ -69.840087890625, 41.27780646738183 ], [ -69.98291015625, 41.12074559016745 ], [ -70.29052734375, 41.12074559016745 ], [ -70.51025390625, 41.19518982948959 ], [ -70.697021484375, 41.17038447781618 ], [ -70.9716796875, 41.17038447781618 ], [ -71.103515625, 41.31907562295139 ], [ -71.3671875, 41.3108238809182 ], [ -71.47705078125, 41.244772343082076 ], [ -71.4990234375, 41.054501963290505 ], [ -72.48779296875, 40.78054143186031 ], [ -73.17993164062499, 40.54720023441049 ], [ -73.916015625, 40.455307212131494 ], [ -73.90502929687499, 40.18726672309203 ], [ -74.02587890625, 39.68182601089365 ], [ -74.190673828125, 39.46164364205549 ], [ -74.476318359375, 39.232253141714885 ], [ -74.68505859374999, 38.976492485539396 ], [ -74.915771484375, 38.8225909761771 ], [ -74.970703125, 38.59970036588819 ], [ -74.970703125, 38.238180119798635 ], [ -75.21240234375, 37.89219554724437 ], [ -75.465087890625, 37.55328764595765 ], [ -75.618896484375, 37.274052809979054 ], [ -75.849609375, 36.958671131530316 ], [ -75.926513671875, 36.82687474287728 ], [ -76.102294921875, 37.03763967977139 ], [ -76.201171875, 37.46613860234406 ], [ -76.32202148437499, 37.79676317682161 ], [ -76.519775390625, 38.09998264736481 ], [ -76.849365234375, 38.25543637637947 ], [ -77.23388671874999, 38.41916639395372 ], [ -77.618408203125, 38.496593518947556 ], [ -77.969970703125, 38.42777351132902 ], [ -78.20068359374999, 38.11727165830543 ], [ -79.25537109375, 37.10776507118514 ], [ -79.793701171875, 36.65079252503471 ], [ -80.419921875, 36.19995805932895 ], [ -81.27685546875, 35.808904044068626 ], [ -81.73828125, 35.22767235493586 ], [ -82.144775390625, 34.939985151560435 ], [ -82.562255859375, 34.75966612466248 ], [ -82.73803710937499, 34.642247047768535 ], [ -83.27636718749999, 34.50655662164561 ], [ -83.748779296875, 34.4793919710481 ], [ -84.22119140625, 34.488447837809304 ], [ -84.638671875, 34.57895241036948 ], [ -84.66064453125, 34.8047829195724 ], [ -84.6826171875, 35.15584570226544 ], [ -84.473876953125, 35.44277092585766 ], [ -83.43017578125, 36.25313319699069 ], [ -82.6611328125, 36.932330061503144 ], [ -82.078857421875, 37.431250501793585 ], [ -81.990966796875, 37.57070524233116 ], [ -81.837158203125, 37.98750437106374 ], [ -81.650390625, 38.37611542403604 ], [ -81.34277343749999, 38.89958342598271 ], [ -81.0791015625, 39.21523130910491 ], [ -80.7275390625, 39.47860556892209 ], [ -80.518798828125, 39.74943369178247 ], [ -80.540771484375, 42.00848901572399 ], [ -80.343017578125, 42.09822241118974 ], [ -80.101318359375, 42.22851735620852 ], [ -79.91455078125, 42.3016903282445 ], [ -79.727783203125, 42.35854391749705 ], [ -79.4970703125, 42.48019996901214 ], [ -79.34326171875, 42.577354839557835 ], [ -79.1455078125, 42.70665956351041 ], [ -78.936767578125, 42.83569550641454 ], [ -78.90380859375, 42.924251753870685 ], [ -79.03564453124999, 43.01268088642034 ], [ -79.03564453124999, 43.06086137134326 ], [ -79.068603515625, 43.092960677116295 ], [ -79.068603515625, 43.26120612479979 ], [ -78.98071289062499, 43.35713822211053 ], [ -78.651123046875, 43.42100882994726 ], [ -78.431396484375, 43.476840397778936 ], [ -78.167724609375, 43.476840397778936 ], [ -77.89306640625, 43.45291889355465 ], [ -77.6513671875, 43.37311218382002 ], [ -77.376708984375, 43.37311218382002 ], [ -77.16796875, 43.37311218382002 ], [ -76.79443359375, 43.42100882994726 ], [ -76.453857421875, 43.60426186809618 ], [ -76.31103515625, 43.636075155965784 ], [ -76.343994140625, 43.731414013769 ], [ -76.39892578125, 43.8186748554532 ], [ -76.409912109375, 43.97700467496408 ], [ -76.35498046875, 44.174324837518895 ], [ -76.1572265625, 44.315987905196906 ], [ -76.014404296875, 44.34742225636393 ], [ -75.8056640625, 44.457309801319305 ], [ -75.487060546875, 44.731125592643274 ], [ -75.223388671875, 44.88701247981298 ], [ -75.025634765625, 44.95702412512118 ], [ -74.90478515625, 44.99588261816546 ], [ -74.827880859375, 45.0502402697946 ], [ -74.68505859374999, 45.00365115687186 ], [ -74.344482421875, 44.99588261816546 ], [ -74.058837890625, 45.01141864227728 ], [ -72.6416015625, 45.034714778688624 ], [ -72.22412109375, 45.034714778688624 ], [ -71.531982421875, 44.98811302615805 ], [ -71.4990234375, 45.07352060670971 ], [ -71.38916015625, 45.18978009667531 ], [ -71.422119140625, 45.259422036351694 ], [ -71.312255859375, 45.32897866218556 ], [ -71.202392578125, 45.282617057517406 ], [ -71.12548828125, 45.282617057517406 ], [ -71.03759765625, 45.3521452458518 ], [ -70.938720703125, 45.3444241045224 ], [ -70.83984375, 45.36758436884978 ], [ -70.81787109374999, 45.43700828867389 ], [ -70.751953125, 45.44471679159555 ], [ -70.762939453125, 45.52944081525666 ], [ -70.6640625, 45.598665689820656 ], [ -70.46630859375, 45.72152152227954 ], [ -70.411376953125, 45.75219336063106 ], [ -70.301513671875, 45.89000815866184 ], [ -70.279541015625, 45.9511496866914 ], [ -70.323486328125, 46.027481852486645 ], [ -70.235595703125, 46.17983040759436 ], [ -70.279541015625, 46.240651955001695 ], [ -70.20263671875, 46.392411189814645 ], [ -70.081787109375, 46.4605655457854 ], [ -70.015869140625, 46.717268685073954 ], [ -69.23583984375, 47.47266286861342 ], [ -69.049072265625, 47.42065432071321 ], [ -69.049072265625, 47.31648293428332 ], [ -68.994140625, 47.25686404408872 ], [ -68.88427734374999, 47.2270293988673 ], [ -68.763427734375, 47.25686404408872 ], [ -68.631591796875, 47.27177506640826 ], [ -68.543701171875, 47.32393057095941 ], [ -68.433837890625, 47.27922900257082 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"144","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576bb6b9e4b07657d1a22933","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeWeber, Jefferson Tyrell","contributorId":172108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeWeber","given":"Jefferson","email":"","middleInitial":"Tyrell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70188390,"text":"70188390 - 2015 - The 2011 Virginia M5.8 earthquake: Insights from seismic reflection imaging into the influence of older structures on eastern U.S. seismicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T14:47:50","indexId":"70188390","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5198,"text":"Geological Society of America Special Papers ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2011 Virginia M5.8 earthquake: Insights from seismic reflection imaging into the influence of older structures on eastern U.S. seismicity","docAbstract":"<p>The Mineral, Virginia (USA), earthquake of 23 August 2011 occurred at 6– 8 km depth within the allochthonous terranes of the Appalachian Piedmont Province, rupturing an ~N36°E striking reverse fault dipping ~50° southeast. This study used the Interstate Highway 64 seismic refl ection profi le acquired ~6 km southwest of the hypocenter to examine the structural setting of the earthquake. The profi le shows that the 2011 earthquake and its aftershocks are almost entirely within the early Paleozoic Chopawamsic volcanic arc terrane, which is bounded by listric thrust faults dipping 30°–40° southeast that sole out into an ~2-km-thick, strongly refl ective zone at 7– 12 km depth. Refl ectors above and below the southward projection of the 2011 earthquake focal plane do not show evidence for large displacement, and the updip projection of the fault plane does not match either the location or trend of a previously mapped fault or lithologic boundary. The 2011 earthquake thus does not appear to be a simple reactivation of a known Paleozoic thrust fault or a major Mesozoic rift basin-boundary fault. The fault that ruptured appears to be a new fault, a fault with only minor displacement, or to not extend the ~3 km from the aftershock zone to the seismic profi le. Although the Paleozoic structures appear to infl uence the general distribution of seismicity in the area, Central Virginia seismic zone earthquakes have yet to be tied directly to specifi c fault systems mapped at the surface or imaged on seismic profiles.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.2509(16)","usgsCitation":"Pratt, T.L., Horton, J.W., Spear, D., Gilmer, A., and McNamara, D.E., 2015, The 2011 Virginia M5.8 earthquake: Insights from seismic reflection imaging into the influence of older structures on eastern U.S. seismicity: Geological Society of America Special Papers , v. 509, p. 285-294, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.2509(16).","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"285","endPage":"294","ipdsId":"IP-049229","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342260,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Mineral","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.0963134765625,\n              37.91170058826019\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.64862060546875,\n              37.91170058826019\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.64862060546875,\n              38.18854556604565\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.0963134765625,\n              38.18854556604565\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.0963134765625,\n              37.91170058826019\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"509","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910b4e4b0764e6c5e88ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pratt, Thomas L. 0000-0003-3131-3141 tpratt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-3141","contributorId":3279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thomas","email":"tpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":173694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wright","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":697515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spear, D.B.","contributorId":192727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spear","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gilmer, A.K.","contributorId":192728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilmer","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McNamara, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6860-0350 mcnamara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0350","contributorId":402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Daniel","email":"mcnamara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70160447,"text":"70160447 - 2015 - Late Holocene sea- and land-level change on the U.S. southeastern Atlantic Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-18T15:39:40","indexId":"70160447","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Holocene sea- and land-level change on the U.S. southeastern Atlantic Coast","docAbstract":"<p>Late Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) reconstructions can be used to estimate rates of land-level (subsidence or uplift) change and therefore to modify global sea-level projections for regional conditions. These reconstructions also provide the long-term benchmark against which modern trends are compared and an opportunity to understand the response of sea level to past climate variability. To address a spatial absence of late Holocene data in Florida and Georgia, we reconstructed ~ 1.3 m of RSL rise in northeastern Florida (USA) during the past ~ 2600 years using plant remains and foraminifera in a dated core of high salt-marsh sediment. The reconstruction was fused with tide-gauge data from nearby Fernandina Beach, which measured 1.91 ± 0.26 mm/year of RSL rise since 1900 CE. The average rate of RSL rise prior to 1800 CE was 0.41 ± 0.08 mm/year. Assuming negligible change in global mean sea level from meltwater input/removal and thermal expansion/contraction, this sea-level history approximates net land-level (subsidence and geoid) change, principally from glacio-isostatic adjustment. Historic rates of rise commenced at 1850–1890 CE and it is virtually certain (<i>P</i> = 0.99) that the average rate of 20th century RSL rise in northeastern Florida was faster than during any of the preceding 26 centuries. The linearity of RSL rise in Florida is in contrast to the variability reconstructed at sites further north on the U.S. Atlantic coast and may suggest a role for ocean dynamic effects in explaining these more variable RSL reconstructions. Comparison of the difference between reconstructed rates of late Holocene RSL rise and historic trends measured by tide gauges indicates that 20th century sea-level trends along the U.S. Atlantic coast were not dominated by the characteristic spatial fingerprint of melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2014.07.010","usgsCitation":"Kemp, A., Bernhardt, C.E., Horton, B.P., Kopp, R., Vane, C.H., Peltier, W.R., Hawkes, A., Donnelly, J., Parnell, A.C., and Cahill, N., 2015, Late Holocene sea- and land-level change on the U.S. southeastern Atlantic Coast: Marine Geology, v. 357, p. 90-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2014.07.010.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-058206","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/14567/1/NC_late%20holocene.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":312547,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.68322086334229,\n              30.572090062678555\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.68322086334229,\n              30.597434228713674\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.64442539215088,\n              30.597434228713674\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.64442539215088,\n              30.572090062678555\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.68322086334229,\n              30.572090062678555\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"357","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56753c3ee4b0da412f4f8bf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kemp, Andrew C.","contributorId":39674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemp","given":"Andrew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernhardt, Christopher E. 0000-0003-0082-4731 cbernhardt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-4731","contributorId":2131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"Christopher","email":"cbernhardt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horton, Benjamin P.","contributorId":63641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kopp, Robert E.","contributorId":64570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kopp","given":"Robert E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vane, Christopher H.","contributorId":88255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vane","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peltier, W. Richard","contributorId":150752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peltier","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":7044,"text":"University of Toronto","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hawkes, Andrea D.","contributorId":20240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkes","given":"Andrea D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Donnelly, Jeffrey P.","contributorId":91613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly","given":"Jeffrey P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Parnell, Andrew C.","contributorId":150753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parnell","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":18091,"text":"University College Dublin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cahill, Niamh","contributorId":150754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cahill","given":"Niamh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18091,"text":"University College Dublin","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70126216,"text":"70126216 - 2015 - Dietary mercury exposure to endangered California Clapper Rails in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:10:34","indexId":"70126216","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-15T09:53:05","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dietary mercury exposure to endangered California Clapper Rails in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"California Clapper Rails (<i>Rallus longirostris obsoletus</i>) are an endangered waterbird that forage in tidal-marsh habitats that pose risks from mercury exposure. We analyzed total mercury (Hg) in six macro-invertebrate and one fish species representing Clapper Rail diets from four tidal-marshes in San Francisco Bay, California. Mercury concentrations among individual taxa ranged from lowest at Colma Creek (mean range: 0.09–0.2 μg/g dw) to highest at Cogswell (0.2–0.7), Laumeister (0.2–0.9) and Arrowhead Marshes (0.3–1.9). These spatial patterns for Hg matched patterns reported previously in Clapper Rail blood from the same four marshes. Over 25% of eastern mudsnails (<i>Ilyanassa obsolete</i>) and staghorn sculpin (<i>Leptocottus armatus</i>) exceeded dietary Hg concentrations (ww) often associated with avian reproductive impairment. Our results indicate that Hg concentrations vary considerably among tidal-marshes and diet taxa, and Hg concentrations of prey may provide an appropriate proxy for relative exposure risk for Clapper Rails.","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.009","usgsCitation":"Casazza, M.L., Ricca, M., Overton, C.T., Takekawa, J.Y., Merritt, A., and Ackerman, J., 2015, Dietary mercury exposure to endangered California Clapper Rails in San Francisco Bay: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 86, no. 1-2, p. 254-260, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.009.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"254","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-055981","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294291,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294230,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.009"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.522833,37.445189 ], [ -122.522833,38.144192 ], [ -122.036897,38.144192 ], [ -122.036897,37.445189 ], [ -122.522833,37.445189 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"86","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb22e4b08312ac7ceff3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ricca, Mark A.","contributorId":39736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricca","given":"Mark A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Overton, Cory T. 0000-0002-5060-7447 coverton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-7447","contributorId":3262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overton","given":"Cory","email":"coverton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merritt, Angela amerritt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"Angela","email":"amerritt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":501948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70124547,"text":"70124547 - 2015 - Potential future land use threats to California's protected areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-17T11:47:05","indexId":"70124547","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-12T11:50:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3242,"text":"Regional Environmental Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential future land use threats to California's protected areas","docAbstract":"<p>Increasing pressures from land use coupled with future changes in climate will present unique challenges for California&rsquo;s protected areas. We assessed the potential for future land use conversion on land surrounding existing protected areas in California&rsquo;s twelve ecoregions, utilizing annual, spatially explicit (250 m) scenario projections of land use for 2006&ndash;2100 based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emission Scenarios to examine future changes in development, agriculture, and logging. We calculated a conversion threat index (CTI) for each unprotected pixel, combining land use conversion potential with proximity to protected area boundaries, in order to identify ecoregions and protected areas at greatest potential risk of proximal land conversion. Our results indicate that California&rsquo;s Coast Range ecoregion had the highest CTI with competition for extractive logging placing the greatest demand on land in close proximity to existing protected areas. For more permanent land use conversions into agriculture and developed uses, our CTI results indicate that protected areas in the Central California Valley and Oak Woodlands are most vulnerable. Overall, the Eastern Cascades, Central California Valley, and Oak Woodlands ecoregions had the lowest areal percent of protected lands and highest conversion threat values. With limited resources and time, rapid, landscape-level analysis of potential land use threats can help quickly identify areas with higher conversion probability of future land use and potential changes to both habitat and potential ecosystem reserves. Given the broad range of future uncertainties, LULC projections are a useful tool allowing land managers to visualize alternative landscape futures, improve planning, and optimize management practices.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10113-014-0686-9","usgsCitation":"Wilson, T.S., Sleeter, B.M., and Davis, A.W., 2015, Potential future land use threats to California's protected areas: Regional Environmental Change, v. 15, no. 6, p. 1051-1064, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-014-0686-9.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1051","endPage":"1064","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049757","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-014-0686-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293786,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-014-0686-9"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5413fd24e4b082fed288b8d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Tamara Sue","contributorId":69906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Tamara","email":"","middleInitial":"Sue","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin Michael","contributorId":13165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Adam Wilkinson","contributorId":23864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"Wilkinson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70227643,"text":"70227643 - 2015 - Pore characteristics of Wilcox Group Coal, U.S. Gulf Coast Region: Implications for the occurrence of coalbed gas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-24T14:45:24.524588","indexId":"70227643","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-13T08:40:13","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pore characteristics of Wilcox Group Coal, U.S. Gulf Coast Region: Implications for the occurrence of coalbed gas","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\"><span>Pore characteristics of 27&nbsp;subbituminous coal&nbsp;samples (16</span>&nbsp;mesh splits) from the Paleocene–Eocene Wilcox Group of north Louisiana (Ouachita and Caldwell Parishes) and south Texas (Zavala County) were examined in relation to desorbed gas content. Coal gas of the Wilcox Group is primarily biogenic in origin; thermogenic gas also may be present in some areas. On an as-received basis, desorbed gas contents range from 0.59 to 1.28&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>/t for Ouachita Parish samples, 0.37 to 5.19&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>/t for the Caldwell Parish samples, and 0.02 to 0.06&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup><span>/t for the Zavala County samples. For Louisiana coal samples,&nbsp;micropore&nbsp;surface area and volume are correlated to the desorbed gas content of the Wilcox Group coal (correlations: r</span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;<span>0.50 and 0.47, respectively), suggesting that micropore surface area and volume are important in terms of gas-holding capacity. Adsorption by&nbsp;micropores&nbsp;appears to be the primary form of gas storage for the Louisiana coal samples. Micropore surface area and volumes also are strongly correlated with the carbon/ash yield ratio (r</span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;<span>0.97 and 0.94, respectively), indicating that gas&nbsp;sorption&nbsp;occurs primarily on organic matter. Mineral matter appears to reduce the sorption capacity of the coal. Micropore width decreases with depth (r</span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;−&nbsp;0.63), probably as the result of increasing pressure and coal rank with depth. For the Louisiana coal samples, mesopore surface area is negatively correlated with the carbon/ash yield ratio (r&nbsp;=&nbsp;−&nbsp;0.70), suggesting that mesopores are preferentially associated with mineral matter. Average mesopore size is correlated with desorbed gas (r&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.80) for the relatively shallow Ouachita Parish samples (average depth&nbsp;=&nbsp;441&nbsp;m, 1446&nbsp;ft); these results suggest that the permeability of the Wilcox coal is greater in the shallow stratigraphic intervals compared to deeper intervals. Additionally, mesopore size decreases with depth (r&nbsp;=&nbsp;−&nbsp;0.80). For Ouachita Parish coal samples, negative correlations of gas with mesopore surface area (r&nbsp;=&nbsp;−&nbsp;0.74) and mesopore volume (r&nbsp;=&nbsp;−&nbsp;<span>0.56) strongly suggest that gas is not adsorbed in mesopores, and that free gas may be present in larger mesopores,&nbsp;macropores, or fractures of the Wilcox coal. Results also suggest that moisture in Ouachita Parish samples is present in mesopores; moisture in mesopores may have blocked&nbsp;gas adsorption.</span></p><p id=\"sp0010\">The low-gas south Texas samples (average depth&nbsp;=&nbsp;313&nbsp;m, 1026&nbsp;ft) are markedly different from the Louisiana samples. Specifically, micropore surface area and micropore volume are negatively correlated with desorbed gas for the Texas samples (r&nbsp;=−&nbsp;0.21 and −&nbsp;<span>0.36, respectively). Geologic or environmental conditions probably were not conducive to the generation or storage of microbial gas in the Zavala County coals. The geologic settings (i.e., salinity of formation water,&nbsp;groundwater recharge, permeability of coal) of each study area are important factors that need to be considered in relation to the potential for generation or storage of microbial gas. In south Texas, tectonic stress may have led to a reduction in permeability in the Wilcox Group coal, creating an unfavorable environment for the generation or preservation of microbial gas. The subbituminous rank of the Zavala coals is also too low for significant thermogenic gas generation to have occurred.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2014.07.012","usgsCitation":"Swanson, S.M., Mastalerz, M.D., Engle, M., Valentine, B.J., Warwick, P., Hackley, P.C., and Belkin, H.E., 2015, Pore characteristics of Wilcox Group Coal, U.S. Gulf Coast Region: Implications for the occurrence of coalbed gas: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 139, p. 80-94, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2014.07.012.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"94","ipdsId":"IP-056317","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394756,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","otherGeospatial":"northern Gulf of Mexico basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -100.32714843749999,\n              26.194876675795218\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.2529296875,\n              26.194876675795218\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.2529296875,\n              33.8521697014074\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.32714843749999,\n              33.8521697014074\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.32714843749999,\n              26.194876675795218\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"139","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Sharon M. 0000-0002-4235-1736 smswanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4235-1736","contributorId":590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Sharon","email":"smswanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria D.","contributorId":272089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":33640,"text":"Indiana Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engle, Mark 0000-0001-5258-7374","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":222085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":207248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Belkin, Harvey E. 0000-0001-7879-6529 hbelkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"Harvey","email":"hbelkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70137638,"text":"70137638 - 2015 - Models of invasion and establishment of African Mustard (<i>Brassica tournefortii</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-12T10:24:18","indexId":"70137638","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2100,"text":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Models of invasion and establishment of African Mustard (<i>Brassica tournefortii</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Introduced exotic plants can drive ecosystem change. We studied invasion and establishment of</span><i>Brassica tournefortii</i><span>&nbsp;(African mustard), a noxious weed, in the Chemehuevi Valley, western Sonoran Desert, California. We used long-term data sets of photographs, transects for biomass of annual plants, and densities of African mustard collected at irregular intervals between 1979 and 2009. We suggest that African mustard may have been present in low numbers along the main route of travel, a highway, in the late 1970s; invaded the valley along a major axial valley ephemeral stream channel and the highway; and by 2009, colonized 22&nbsp;km into the eastern part of the valley. We developed predictive models for invasibility and establishment of African mustard. Both during the initial invasion and after establishment, significant predictor variables of African mustard densities were surficial geology, proximity to the highway and axial valley ephemeral stream channel, and number of small ephemeral stream channels. The axial valley ephemeral stream channel was the most vulnerable of the variables to invasions. Overall, African mustard rapidly colonized and quickly became established in naturally disturbed areas, such as stream channels, where geological surfaces were young and soils were weakly developed. Older geological surfaces (e.g., desert pavements with soils 140,000 to 300,000&nbsp;years old) were less vulnerable. Microhabitats also influenced densities of African mustard, with densities higher under shrubs than in the interspaces. As African mustard became established, the proportional biomass of native winter annual plants declined. Early control is important because African mustard can colonize and become well established across a valley in 20&nbsp;yr.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1614/IPSM-D-14-00023.1","usgsCitation":"Berry, K.H., Gowan, T.A., Miller, D., and Brooks, M.L., 2015, Models of invasion and establishment of African Mustard (<i>Brassica tournefortii</i>): Invasive Plant Science and Management, v. 7, no. 4, p. 599-616, https://doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-14-00023.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"599","endPage":"616","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017107","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Chemehuevi Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.49707031249999,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.0146484375,\n              42.00032514831621\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.7509765625,\n              39.095962936305504\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.5546875,\n              34.52466147177172\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.78515624999999,\n              32.62087018318113\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.6083984375,\n              32.47269502206151\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.8486328125,\n              40.07807142745009\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.49707031249999,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c02e4b08de9379b35dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berry, Kristin H. 0000-0003-1591-8394 kristin_berry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","email":"kristin_berry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gowan, Timothy A.","contributorId":138595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gowan","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12456,"text":"former USGS scientist","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":1707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70141609,"text":"70141609 - 2015 - The 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake and its significance for seismic hazards in eastern North America: overview and synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-13T17:06:21","indexId":"70141609","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake and its significance for seismic hazards in eastern North America: overview and synthesis","docAbstract":"<p>The 23 August 2011 M<sub>w</sub>&nbsp;(moment magnitude) 5.7 &plusmn; 0.1, Mineral, Virginia, earthquake was the largest and most damaging in the central and eastern United States since the 1886 M<sub>w</sub>&nbsp;6.8&ndash;7.0, Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake. Seismic data indicate that the earthquake rupture occurred on a southeast-dipping reverse fault and consisted of three subevents that progressed northeastward and updip. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) \"Did You Feel It?\" intensity reports from across the eastern United States and southeastern Canada, rockfalls triggered at distances to 245 km, and regional groundwater-level changes are all consistent with efficient propagation of high-frequency seismic waves (&sim;1 Hz and higher) in eastern North America due to low attenuation.</p>\n<p>Reported damage included cracked or shifted foundations and broken walls or chimneys, notably in unreinforced masonry, and indicated intensities up to VIII in the epicentral area based on USGS \"Did You Feel It?\" reports. The earthquake triggered the first automatic shutdown of a U.S. nuclear power plant, located &sim;23 km northeast of the main shock epicenter. Although shaking exceeded the plant's design basis earthquake, the actual damage to safety-related structures, systems, and components was superficial. Damage to relatively tall masonry structures 130 km to the northeast in Washington, D.C., was consistent with source directivity, soft-soil ground-motion amplification, and anisotropic wave propagation with lower attenuation parallel to the northeast-trending Appalachian tectonic fabric.</p>\n<p>The earthquake and aftershocks occurred in crystalline rocks within Paleozoic thrust sheets of the Chopawamsic terrane. The main shock and majority of aftershocks delineated the newly named Quail fault zone in the subsurface, and shallow aftershocks defined outlying faults. The earthquake induced minor liquefaction sand boils, but notably there was no evidence of a surface fault rupture. Recurrence intervals, and evidence for larger earthquakes in the Quaternary in this area, remain important unknowns. This event, along with similar events during historical time, is a reminder that earthquakes of similar or larger magnitude pose a real hazard in eastern North America.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2015.2509(01)","usgsCitation":"Horton, J., Chapman, M.C., and Green, R.A., 2015, The 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake and its significance for seismic hazards in eastern North America: overview and synthesis: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 509, p. 1-25, https://doi.org/10.1130/2015.2509(01).","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053751","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Mineral","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.343505859375,\n              37.61423141542417\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.343505859375,\n              38.134556577054134\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.49755859375,\n              38.134556577054134\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.49755859375,\n              37.61423141542417\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.343505859375,\n              37.61423141542417\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"509","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e7173ce4b02d776a66a01b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, Martin C.","contributorId":139348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapman","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, Russell A.","contributorId":94708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Green","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70148157,"text":"70148157 - 2015 - East versus West: organic contaminant differences in brown pelican (<i>Pelecanus occidentalis</i>) eggs from South Carolina, USA and the Gulf of California, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-27T11:19:05","indexId":"70148157","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"East versus West: organic contaminant differences in brown pelican (<i>Pelecanus occidentalis</i>) eggs from South Carolina, USA and the Gulf of California, Mexico","docAbstract":"<p><span>Brown pelicans (</span><i>Pelecanus occidentalis</i><span>) were listed as endangered in the United States in 1970, largely due to reproductive failure and mortality caused by organochlorine contaminants, such as DDT. The southeast population,&nbsp;</span><i>P.o. carolinensis</i><span>, was delisted in 1985, while the west coast population,&nbsp;</span><i>P.o. californicus</i><span>, was not delisted until 2009. As fish-eating coastal seabirds, brown pelicans may serve as a biomonitors. Organic contaminants were examined in brown pelican eggs collected from the Gulf of California in 2004 and South Carolina in 2005 using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Contaminants were compared using all individual data as well as statistically pooled samples to provide similar sample sizes with little difference in results. Principal components analysis separated the Gulf of California brown pelican eggs from the South Carolina eggs based on contaminant patterns. The South Carolina population had significantly (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.05) higher levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlordanes, dieldrin and mirex, while the Gulf of California eggs had higher levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). With the exception of dieldrin and brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) 47, this pattern was observed for mussel and oyster tissues from these regions, indicating the need for further study into the differences between east and west coast brown pelican populations and ecosystem contamination patterns.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.055","usgsCitation":"Vander Pol, S.S., Anderson, D.W., Jodice, P.G., and Stuckey, J.E., 2015, East versus West: organic contaminant differences in brown pelican (<i>Pelecanus occidentalis</i>) eggs from South Carolina, USA and the Gulf of California, Mexico: Science of the Total Environment, v. 438, p. 527-532, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.055.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"527","endPage":"532","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032596","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300852,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.6005859375,\n              20.488773287109836\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.25927734375,\n              21.922663209325936\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.40185546874999,\n              23.241346102386135\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.86328125,\n              23.90592692731471\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.390625,\n              24.32707654001865\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.830078125,\n              24.906367237907997\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.81884765624999,\n              26.80446076654616\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.291015625,\n              28.806173508854776\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.58740234375,\n              29.99300228455108\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.697265625,\n              30.675715404167743\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.9169921875,\n              31.31610138349565\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.697265625,\n              31.765537409484374\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.4228515625,\n              31.541089879585808\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.02734374999999,\n              31.12819929911196\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.1044921875,\n              28.806173508854776\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.5224609375,\n              27.839076094777816\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.2041015625,\n              26.47057302237511\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.16015624999999,\n              25.64152637306577\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.05078125,\n              24.16680208530324\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.46875,\n              22.309425841200177\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.16113281249999,\n              21.12549763660628\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.6005859375,\n              20.488773287109836\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.9912109375,\n              31.970803930433096\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5517578125,\n              32.32427558887655\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.31005859375,\n              32.54681317351514\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8486328125,\n              32.80574473290688\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.27734374999999,\n              33.15594830078649\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1455078125,\n              33.394759218577995\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.90380859375,\n              33.779147331286474\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.64013671875,\n              33.90689555128866\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.69482421875,\n              34.813803317113155\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.79345703125,\n              34.831841149828655\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.771484375,\n              34.92197103616377\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.03515625,\n              35.15584570226544\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.44140625,\n              35.24561909420681\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.16650390625,\n              34.92197103616377\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.34228515625,\n              34.70549341022544\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.03466796874999,\n              34.470335121217495\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.880859375,\n              34.470335121217495\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.19970703125,\n              33.5963189611327\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.71630859375,\n              33.119150226768866\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.49658203125,\n              33.00866349457558\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.38671875,\n              32.602361666817515\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.23291015625,\n              32.491230287947594\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.14501953125,\n              32.0639555946604\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.9912109375,\n              31.970803930433096\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"438","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5566eac2e4b0d9246a9ec2d9","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.055","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.055","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Vander Pol Stacy S., Anderson Daniel W., Jodice Patrick G.R., Stuckey Joyce E.","journalName":"Science of The Total Environment","publicationDate":"11/2012"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vander Pol, Stacy S.","contributorId":38776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vander Pol","given":"Stacy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25356,"text":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Daniel W.","contributorId":74345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jodice, Patrick G.R. 0000-0001-8716-120X pjodice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8716-120X","contributorId":1119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodice","given":"Patrick","email":"pjodice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stuckey, Joyce E.","contributorId":106761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckey","given":"Joyce","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70203210,"text":"70203210 - 2014 - The 17 May 2012 M4.8 earthquake near Timpson, East Texas: An event possibly triggered by fluid injection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T08:29:02","indexId":"70203210","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-06T08:28:09","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 17 May 2012 M4.8 earthquake near Timpson, East Texas: An event possibly triggered by fluid injection","docAbstract":"This study summarizes our investigation of the 17 May 2012 MW-RMT4.8 earthquake near Timpson, Texas, the largest earthquake recorded historically in eastern Texas. To identify preshocks and aftershocks of the 17 May event we examined the arrivals recorded at Nacogdoches (NATX) 30 km from the 17 May epicenter, at nearby USArray Transportable Array stations, and at eight temporary stations deployed between 26 May 2012 and mid-2013. At NATX we identified seven preshocks, the earliest occurring in April 2008. Reliably located aftershocks recorded by the temporary stations lie along a 6 km long NW-SE linear trend corresponding to a previously mapped basement fault that extends across the highest-intensity (MMI VII) region of the 17 May main shock. Earthquakes in this sequence are relatively shallow—with focal depths ranging from 1.6 to 4.6 km. Evidence supporting these depths include: hypocentral locations of exceptionally well-recorded aftershocks, S-P intervals at the nearest stations, and comparisons of synthetics and observed seismograms. Within 3 km of the linear trend of aftershock activity there are two Class II injection disposal wells injecting at 1.9 km depth beginning in August 2006 and February 2007, with injection rates averaging 42,750 m3/mo and 15,600 m3/mo, respectively. Several observations support the hypothesis that fluid injection triggered the Timpson sequence: well-located epicenters are situated near a mapped basement fault and near high-volume injection wells, focal depths are at or below the depths of injection, and the earliest preshock (April 2008) occurred after the onset of injection in 2006.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013JB010755","usgsCitation":"Frohlich, C., Ellsworth, W., Brown, W., Brunt, M., Luetgert, J., MacDonald, T.G., and Walters, S., 2014, The 17 May 2012 M4.8 earthquake near Timpson, East Texas: An event possibly triggered by fluid injection: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, p. 581-593, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010755.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"581","endPage":"593","ipdsId":"IP-107698","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jb010755","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":363282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Timpson","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.44602966308594,\n              31.85948024535741\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.34440612792969,\n              31.85948024535741\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.34440612792969,\n              31.93934387957224\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.44602966308594,\n              31.93934387957224\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.44602966308594,\n              31.85948024535741\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"119","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frohlich, Cliff","contributorId":215118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frohlich","given":"Cliff","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34217,"text":"UT Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. 0000-0001-8378-4979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8378-4979","contributorId":194691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Wesley","contributorId":215119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Wesley","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39177,"text":"Austin State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brunt, Michael","contributorId":215120,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brunt","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39178,"text":"Eagle Pass High School","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luetgert, James","contributorId":215121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luetgert","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":39179,"text":"USGS, volunteer","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"MacDonald, Tim G.","contributorId":215122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":39180,"text":"USGS (former)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Walters, Steven","contributorId":152403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walters","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70193627,"text":"70193627 - 2014 - Modeling ash fall distribution from a Yellowstone supereruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-13T08:21:42","indexId":"70193627","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling ash fall distribution from a Yellowstone supereruption","docAbstract":"<p><span>We used the volcanic ash transport and dispersion model Ash3d to estimate the distribution of ashfall that would result from a modern-day Plinian supereruption at Yellowstone volcano. The simulations required modifying Ash3d to consider growth of a continent-scale umbrella cloud and its interaction with ambient wind fields. We simulated eruptions lasting 3 days, 1 week, and 1 month, each producing 330 km</span><sup>3</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>of volcanic ash, dense-rock equivalent (DRE). Results demonstrate that radial expansion of the umbrella cloud is capable of driving ash upwind (westward) and crosswind (N-S) in excess of 1500 km, producing more-or-less radially symmetric isopachs that are only secondarily modified by ambient wind. Deposit thicknesses are decimeters to meters in the northern Rocky Mountains, centimeters to decimeters in the northern Midwest, and millimeters to centimeters on the East, West, and Gulf Coasts. Umbrella cloud growth may explain the extremely widespread dispersal of the ∼640 ka and 2.1 Ma Yellowstone tephra deposits in the eastern Pacific, northeastern California, southern California, and South Texas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014GC005469","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L.G., Van Eaton, A., and Lowenstern, J.B., 2014, Modeling ash fall distribution from a Yellowstone supereruption: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 15, no. 8, p. 3459-3475, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GC005469.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"3459","endPage":"3475","ipdsId":"IP-051368","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gc005469","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348117,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"15","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2ea9e4b0531197b27f9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Eaton, Alexa R. 0000-0001-6646-4594 avaneaton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-4594","contributorId":140076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Eaton","given":"Alexa R.","email":"avaneaton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":719667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70171553,"text":"70171553 - 2014 - USGS geologic Mapping and karst research in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-03T13:10:43","indexId":"70171553","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-22T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1809,"text":"George Wright Society Forum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS geologic Mapping and karst research in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri, USA","docAbstract":"<p>The Ozark National Scenic Riverways (ONSR) was created in 1964 to protect 134 miles of the Current River and its major tributary, the Jacks Fork, that are located in south-central Missouri (fig. 1). The park includes numerous large karst springs including Big Spring, by flow volume this is the largest spring in the National Park system. The National Park Service (NPS) administers a narrow, nearly continuous corridor of land adjacent to the two rivers. Base flow for the rivers is chiefly supplied by groundwater that has traveled through the karst landscape from as far as 38 miles away from the spring (Imes and Frederick, 2002). The watershed is vulnerable to pollution, but the area remains largely rural with few industries. The springs and rivers provide habitat for numerous aquatic species as well as recreational resources for floaters, fishermen, and campers. The ONSR is a major cave park with hundreds of known caves and diverse in-cave resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"George Wright Society","collaboration":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Weary, D.J., and Grant, V.M., 2014, USGS geologic Mapping and karst research in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri, USA: George Wright Society Forum, v. 31, no. 2, p. 157-167.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"167","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051107","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322140,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":322137,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.georgewright.org/node/10198"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Ozark National Scenic Rivers","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.61361694335938,\n              36.893899678382716\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.61361694335938,\n              37.276238364942955\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.93795776367188,\n              37.276238364942955\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.93795776367188,\n              36.893899678382716\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.61361694335938,\n              36.893899678382716\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5752aa3ae4b053f0edd13ebf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weary, David J. 0000-0002-6115-6397 dweary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6397","contributorId":545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"David","email":"dweary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grant, Victoria M","contributorId":170004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"Victoria","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":5106,"text":"National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wyoming 82190","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70173457,"text":"70173457 - 2014 - A regional neural network model for predicting mean daily river water temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-17T14:44:17","indexId":"70173457","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-15T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A regional neural network model for predicting mean daily river water temperature","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water temperature is a fundamental property of river habitat and often a key aspect of river resource management, but measurements to characterize thermal regimes are not available for most streams and rivers. As such, we developed an artificial neural network (ANN) ensemble model to predict mean daily water temperature in 197,402 individual stream reaches during the warm season (May&ndash;October) throughout the native range of brook trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i><span>&nbsp;in the eastern U.S. We compared four models with different groups of predictors to determine how well water temperature could be predicted by climatic, landform, and land cover attributes, and used the median prediction from an ensemble of 100 ANNs as our final prediction for each model. The final model included air temperature, landform attributes and forested land cover and predicted mean daily water temperatures with moderate accuracy as determined by root mean squared error (RMSE) at 886 training sites with data from 1980 to 2009 (RMSE&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.91&nbsp;&deg;C). Based on validation at 96 sites (RMSE&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.82) and separately for data from 2010 (RMSE&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.93), a year with relatively warmer conditions, the model was able to generalize to new stream reaches and years. The most important predictors were mean daily air temperature, prior 7&nbsp;day mean air temperature, and network catchment area according to sensitivity analyses. Forest land cover at both riparian and catchment extents had relatively weak but clear negative effects. Predicted daily water temperature averaged for the month of July matched expected spatial trends with cooler temperatures in headwaters and at higher elevations and latitudes. Our ANN ensemble is unique in predicting daily temperatures throughout a large region, while other regional efforts have predicted at relatively coarse time steps. The model may prove a useful tool for predicting water temperatures in sampled and unsampled rivers under current conditions and future projections of climate and land use changes, thereby providing information that is valuable to management of river ecosystems and biota such as brook trout.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.035","usgsCitation":"Wagner, T., and DeWeber, J.T., 2014, A regional neural network model for predicting mean daily river water temperature: Journal of Hydrology, v. 517, p. 187-200, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.035.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"200","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046229","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323923,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -66.97265625,\n              44.91813929958515\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.19238281249999,\n              45.19752230305685\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.43408203124999,\n              45.182036837015886\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.5,\n              45.321254361171476\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.43408203124999,\n              45.460130637921004\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.39013671875,\n              45.583289756006316\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.7197265625,\n              45.67548217560647\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.69775390625,\n              47.07012182383309\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.02734375,\n              47.428087261714275\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.44482421875,\n              47.47266286861342\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.70849609375,\n              47.338822694822\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.92822265625,\n              47.338822694822\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.97216796875,\n              47.487513008956554\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.2138671875,\n              47.487513008956554\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.1806640625,\n              46.6795944656402\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.09277343749999,\n              46.45299704748289\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.400390625,\n              46.22545288226939\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.3564453125,\n              46.057985244793024\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.3564453125,\n              45.85941212790755\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.7080078125,\n              45.583289756006316\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.83984375,\n              45.35214524585177\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.08154296875,\n              45.36758436884978\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.279296875,\n              45.321254361171476\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.4990234375,\n              45.19752230305685\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.56494140625,\n              45.058001435398296\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.86083984375,\n              45.058001435398296\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.35498046875,\n              44.134913443750726\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.83837890625,\n              43.628123412124616\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1015625,\n              43.46886761482925\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.9697265625,\n              42.94033923363183\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.67236328125,\n              41.60722821271717\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.44189453125,\n              41.37680856570233\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5517578125,\n              39.757879992021756\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.2109375,\n              38.94232097947902\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.38671875,\n              38.53097889440026\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.73828125,\n              38.30718056188316\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.73828125,\n              37.996162679728116\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.7822265625,\n              37.84015683604134\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.21044921875,\n              36.61552763134925\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.9794921875,\n              36.08462129606931\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.111328125,\n              35.47856499535729\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.51806640624999,\n              34.687427949314845\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.96875,\n              34.70549341022544\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.353515625,\n              34.72355492704219\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.67236328125,\n              35.08395557927643\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.123046875,\n              35.585851593232356\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.79345703125,\n              36.29741818650811\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.22216796875,\n              36.8092847020594\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.94775390625,\n              37.80544394934274\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.95898437499999,\n              38.92522904714054\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.1240234375,\n              39.198205348894795\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.498046875,\n              39.80853604144591\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.72900390625,\n              40.17887331434696\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.00439453125,\n              40.93011520598305\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.97265625,\n              44.91813929958515\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"517","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57651f30e4b07657d19c787e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeWeber, Jefferson Tyrell","contributorId":172108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeWeber","given":"Jefferson","email":"","middleInitial":"Tyrell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70173450,"text":"70173450 - 2014 - Modeling spatially-varying landscape change points in species occurrence thresholds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T12:48:28","indexId":"70173450","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-15T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling spatially-varying landscape change points in species occurrence thresholds","docAbstract":"<p>Predicting species distributions at scales of regions to continents is often necessary, as large-scale phenomena influence the distributions of spatially structured populations. Land use and land cover are important large-scale drivers of species distributions, and landscapes are known to create species occurrence thresholds, where small changes in a landscape characteristic results in abrupt changes in occurrence. The value of the landscape characteristic at which this change occurs is referred to as a change point. We present a hierarchical Bayesian threshold model (HBTM) that allows for estimating spatially varying parameters, including change points. Our model also allows for modeling estimated parameters in an effort to understand large-scale drivers of variability in land use and land cover on species occurrence thresholds. We use range-wide detection/nondetection data for the eastern brook trout (<i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i>), a stream-dwelling salmonid, to illustrate our HBTM for estimating and modeling spatially varying threshold parameters in species occurrence. We parameterized the model for investigating thresholds in landscape predictor variables that are measured as proportions, and which are therefore restricted to values between 0 and 1. Our HBTM estimated spatially varying thresholds in brook trout occurrence for both the proportion agricultural and urban land uses. There was relatively little spatial variation in change point estimates, although there was spatial variability in the overall shape of the threshold response and associated uncertainty. In addition, regional mean stream water temperature was correlated to the change point parameters for the proportion of urban land use, with the change point value increasing with increasing mean stream water temperature. We present a framework for quantify macrosystem variability in spatially varying threshold model parameters in relation to important large-scale drivers such as land use and land cover. Although the model presented is a logistic HBTM, it can easily be extended to accommodate other statistical distributions for modeling species richness or abundance.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/ES14-00288.1","usgsCitation":"Wagner, T., and Midway, S.R., 2014, Modeling spatially-varying landscape change points in species occurrence thresholds: Ecosphere, v. 5, no. 11, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00288.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056571","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es14-00288.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323996,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-160.0179,55.15613],[-159.816419,55.178051],[-160.226967,54.864075],[-160.0179,55.15613]]],[[[-161.718614,55.154166],[-161.550357,55.065734],[-161.900685,55.142139],[-161.718614,55.154166]]],[[[-160.506927,55.32773],[-160.525226,55.129871],[-160.824468,55.120153],[-160.797147,55.381521],[-160.30655,55.303275],[-160.506927,55.32773]]],[[[-165.523466,54.299895],[-165.383719,54.196731],[-165.613214,54.120908],[-165.523466,54.299895]]],[[[-170.286318,57.128169],[-170.42041,57.19176],[-170.150813,57.223168],[-170.286318,57.128169]]],[[[178.785825,51.633434],[179.467581,51.371629],[178.625536,51.637303],[178.785825,51.633434]]],[[[-176.762478,51.867878],[-176.579975,52.003238],[-176.268243,51.785498],[-176.984331,51.602135],[-176.762478,51.867878]]],[[[-177.800647,51.778294],[-177.909185,51.596671],[-178.227822,51.873526],[-177.615311,51.85508],[-177.800647,51.778294]]],[[[-177.360408,51.727533],[-177.707802,51.703268],[-177.04509,51.898605],[-177.360408,51.727533]]],[[[-174.301818,52.278949],[-174.455979,52.31369],[-173.985203,52.3176],[-174.09447,52.104274],[-175.341624,52.021588],[-174.301818,52.278949]]],[[[-173.602446,52.153773],[-172.958523,52.093648],[-174.052296,52.1304],[-173.602446,52.153773]]],[[[173.587554,52.476785],[173.772799,52.509905],[173.356927,52.403873],[173.587554,52.476785]]],[[[172.763366,52.823656],[172.461667,52.92716],[173.42767,52.830763],[172.763366,52.823656]]],[[[-168.211705,53.256184],[-169.102465,52.824349],[-168.343994,53.26215],[-168.342127,53.475992],[-167.786387,53.513896],[-168.211705,53.256184]]],[[[-166.728918,54.003111],[-166.210964,53.933557],[-166.540531,53.715926],[-166.119922,53.855048],[-166.662276,53.485349],[-167.851511,53.308668],[-166.805874,53.665733],[-167.140992,53.866774],[-166.728918,54.003111]]],[[[-165.721389,60.16962],[-165.550405,59.920007],[-166.157071,59.748886],[-167.423053,60.195072],[-166.163203,60.432641],[-165.721389,60.16962]]],[[[-160.918586,58.746935],[-160.684447,58.815464],[-161.07563,58.549916],[-160.918586,58.746935]]],[[[-131.56956,55.284114],[-131.378572,55.017308],[-131.641035,55.026585],[-131.56956,55.284114]]],[[[-133.344847,55.569327],[-133.61278,55.239737],[-133.789055,55.457892],[-133.344847,55.569327]]],[[[-133.104304,55.426907],[-133.700557,55.778617],[-133.323664,55.818632],[-133.476888,56.004071],[-133.816958,55.952127],[-133.548802,56.14284],[-133.656415,56.326909],[-133.197009,56.333016],[-132.5048,55.815166],[-132.142945,55.457941],[-132.604027,55.47683],[-131.995908,55.259054],[-132.197614,55.005158],[-131.984592,55.027978],[-131.957914,54.791239],[-132.307943,54.718714],[-132.605219,55.194064],[-132.748854,54.996007],[-133.104708,55.2638],[-132.91465,54.914009],[-132.628612,54.883316],[-132.866355,54.700386],[-133.18252,55.201964],[-133.471938,55.247527],[-133.104304,55.426907]]],[[[-147.217704,60.293504],[-146.911772,60.309807],[-147.46692,59.8701],[-147.928064,59.803496],[-147.217704,60.293504]]],[[[-147.562801,60.579821],[-147.760681,60.156396],[-147.956228,60.228667],[-147.562801,60.579821]]],[[[-132.977163,56.439673],[-132.620608,56.3912],[-132.877582,56.240322],[-132.977163,56.439673]]],[[[-134.713987,58.220748],[-134.177467,58.15964],[-133.808285,57.609604],[-134.202353,57.90633],[-133.867279,57.36206],[-134.497718,57.031194],[-134.955902,58.410297],[-134.713987,58.220748]]],[[[-152.24289,58.241192],[-153.419783,58.059638],[-152.56771,58.621304],[-152.329835,58.632102],[-152.493991,58.354684],[-151.963817,58.328999],[-152.24289,58.241192]]],[[[-152.417424,57.815464],[-152.467756,57.598221],[-152.152393,57.619485],[-152.326134,57.441514],[-152.954939,57.520449],[-152.606522,57.36366],[-153.079288,57.32196],[-152.944201,57.259083],[-153.213802,57.205059],[-152.869797,57.150849],[-153.235282,57.007398],[-153.284012,57.173867],[-153.654497,57.084602],[-153.556762,56.968862],[-153.97178,56.744861],[-154.148745,56.745677],[-153.779087,57.158821],[-154.305713,56.846871],[-154.79384,57.288862],[-154.196959,57.664639],[-153.795299,57.349047],[-153.874286,57.64611],[-153.648693,57.654125],[-153.93522,57.813047],[-153.515205,57.716505],[-153.322687,57.83619],[-153.484603,57.9765],[-152.723425,57.99172],[-152.874498,57.737961],[-152.421408,57.975683],[-152.417424,57.815464]]],[[[-134.121514,56.069847],[-134.292353,56.352644],[-134.040938,56.42153],[-134.419791,56.838385],[-134.141385,56.950887],[-133.713331,56.598298],[-134.121514,56.069847]]],[[[-132.546463,56.606563],[-133.041726,56.518356],[-133.277352,56.816432],[-133.089215,56.523916],[-133.655468,56.442279],[-133.689996,56.839421],[-134.049218,57.029203],[-133.104611,57.005701],[-132.546463,56.606563]]],[[[-134.666587,56.169947],[-134.979386,56.627676],[-135.398678,56.779201],[-135.358715,57.243776],[-135.695563,57.35746],[-135.548794,57.508977],[-134.849477,57.40967],[-134.666587,56.169947]]],[[[-135.587961,57.89732],[-134.929726,57.759203],[-134.824891,57.500067],[-135.684951,57.677508],[-135.553903,57.45487],[-135.84381,57.390896],[-136.559999,58.063358],[-136.400046,58.271991],[-135.801133,58.287716],[-135.497911,58.168882],[-135.621582,57.984623],[-135.411777,58.145473],[-134.912854,57.979287],[-135.173712,57.919399],[-134.949436,57.805027],[-135.587961,57.89732]]],[[[-135.703464,57.32204],[-135.574693,57.094339],[-135.854131,56.995043],[-135.860558,57.330854],[-135.703464,57.32204]]],[[[-162.587754,63.275727],[-162.301471,63.53735],[-161.310181,63.471312],[-160.809089,63.731332],[-160.976038,64.235761],[-161.504903,64.423074],[-160.783398,64.71716],[-161.176009,64.927161],[-162.790167,64.325182],[-163.173975,64.639676],[-163.150789,64.397249],[-166.189546,64.575798],[-166.911922,65.125965],[-166.347189,65.276341],[-168.127044,65.626584],[-164.400727,66.58111],[-163.754171,66.551284],[-164.092715,66.184537],[-163.76751,66.060803],[-161.838018,66.022582],[-160.991066,66.236816],[-161.912946,66.344436],[-161.87488,66.511446],[-162.626696,66.859572],[-162.281116,66.915679],[-161.574129,66.438566],[-161.326349,66.478371],[-161.881671,66.716796],[-161.489169,66.93695],[-163.69887,67.114443],[-164.14438,67.617228],[-166.85064,68.333089],[-166.305962,68.46154],[-166.214433,68.879524],[-163.973678,68.985044],[-163.230902,69.284464],[-161.922949,70.291599],[-160.839536,70.344534],[-159.209082,70.870067],[-159.343075,70.783115],[-157.840997,70.861025],[-156.56865,71.352561],[-155.513987,71.096794],[-155.971935,70.806828],[-155.03174,71.146473],[-154.181863,70.768325],[-152.259966,70.84282],[-152.433781,70.616926],[-151.695162,70.549675],[-151.946384,70.452523],[-149.461755,70.518271],[-144.953637,69.959262],[-143.574986,70.154598],[-141.002672,69.645609],[-141.00184,60.306105],[-139.989142,60.18524],[-139.086669,60.357654],[-139.200346,60.090701],[-137.604277,59.243057],[-137.526424,58.906834],[-136.581521,59.164909],[-136.256889,59.623646],[-135.231148,59.697176],[-134.961972,59.280376],[-133.379908,58.427909],[-131.835133,56.601849],[-130.102761,56.116696],[-129.979511,55.286723],[-130.686192,54.71691],[-130.947098,54.826047],[-131.093806,55.191335],[-130.864918,55.298367],[-130.901872,55.69738],[-131.216475,55.984342],[-130.927651,55.576585],[-131.160492,55.197481],[-131.197489,55.391051],[-131.424502,55.238764],[-131.844157,55.456742],[-131.689509,55.890232],[-131.971792,55.498279],[-132.183207,55.588128],[-132.283594,55.761774],[-131.943402,56.192557],[-132.323242,55.851878],[-132.723396,56.145814],[-132.35871,56.2908],[-132.38938,56.491367],[-132.181158,56.387128],[-132.528446,56.702056],[-132.371032,56.816413],[-133.517194,57.177775],[-133.274829,57.330625],[-133.65453,57.713689],[-133.162464,57.599796],[-134.087674,58.181952],[-134.631203,58.247446],[-135.396611,59.292434],[-135.056227,58.189884],[-135.917917,58.381237],[-136.120307,58.968418],[-136.21366,58.751153],[-136.877826,58.962392],[-136.041818,58.380161],[-136.658638,58.207323],[-138.118853,59.021307],[-139.855565,59.53666],[-139.51818,59.687814],[-139.505389,60.039428],[-140.285557,59.698717],[-141.423134,59.877329],[-141.384318,60.071598],[-144.035037,60.020202],[-144.59088,59.795581],[-144.048732,60.059271],[-144.942134,60.289728],[-144.848662,60.455192],[-145.136728,60.296219],[-145.96106,60.465017],[-145.712891,60.583249],[-146.689523,60.271279],[-146.61084,60.485613],[-145.795141,60.601121],[-146.703994,60.741903],[-146.188582,60.869374],[-146.819415,60.816346],[-146.642213,61.075017],[-146.262451,61.090246],[-147.378483,60.877845],[-147.558598,61.099797],[-147.602802,60.849978],[-148.144752,60.797089],[-147.726295,61.266802],[-148.451287,60.789487],[-148.107384,60.73977],[-148.329384,60.476182],[-147.942106,60.444029],[-148.362497,60.221849],[-147.848469,60.078962],[-149.287588,59.906506],[-149.393171,60.099845],[-149.526358,59.703258],[-149.706184,59.910582],[-149.74622,59.637585],[-150.028296,59.788652],[-149.933721,59.668994],[-150.392481,59.387265],[-150.318668,59.610427],[-150.942212,59.233136],[-151.978748,59.253779],[-150.927312,59.793431],[-151.859327,59.749567],[-151.301868,60.384712],[-151.40927,60.720558],[-150.377171,61.039144],[-149.090412,60.885259],[-150.075451,61.156269],[-149.429513,61.447165],[-151.713913,60.916546],[-151.710444,60.712657],[-152.747026,60.233311],[-152.569121,60.071748],[-152.706431,59.915284],[-153.285802,59.820535],[-153.051559,59.691562],[-153.454972,59.792099],[-153.727546,59.435346],[-154.117672,59.365508],[-154.159835,59.010595],[-153.704162,59.07578],[-153.25225,58.85585],[-153.426641,58.721127],[-153.897155,58.606237],[-154.340449,58.090921],[-156.533544,57.328527],[-156.32191,57.293369],[-156.55052,56.98461],[-158.402954,56.455193],[-158.203083,56.283833],[-158.339765,56.217807],[-158.112718,56.240286],[-158.431471,55.994452],[-158.600405,56.130444],[-158.673246,55.951485],[-159.493883,55.900109],[-159.729333,55.56965],[-159.602148,55.805004],[-159.838981,55.852412],[-161.231535,55.357452],[-161.507657,55.362786],[-161.355686,55.606378],[-161.587047,55.62006],[-162.053281,55.074212],[-162.471364,55.051932],[-162.626101,55.304085],[-162.569289,54.97124],[-163.188428,55.090903],[-163.036062,54.942544],[-163.372806,54.790936],[-163.059085,54.661072],[-164.789357,54.402012],[-164.948789,54.579877],[-164.48678,54.922441],[-163.532962,55.048881],[-163.334234,54.872948],[-163.314652,55.126312],[-161.807833,55.891954],[-160.873229,56.001448],[-160.806014,55.738241],[-160.277382,55.765861],[-160.583491,55.986468],[-160.340249,56.291271],[-158.660298,56.789015],[-158.376249,57.265542],[-157.58691,57.487156],[-157.596601,58.08867],[-157.352316,58.219097],[-157.536176,58.391597],[-156.966649,58.904074],[-158.213861,58.615828],[-158.564833,58.802715],[-158.17007,59.020811],[-158.417534,59.061738],[-158.767748,58.864264],[-158.704052,58.482759],[-158.880927,58.39067],[-159.61612,58.931601],[-159.908386,58.779903],[-160.31778,59.070477],[-161.682907,58.564671],[-162.171722,58.648441],[-161.769501,58.774937],[-162.048584,59.254177],[-161.70253,59.490906],[-162.462694,60.293769],[-162.178111,60.634508],[-162.571198,60.25189],[-162.503647,59.99923],[-164.079837,59.828034],[-165.132893,60.438867],[-164.965488,60.536701],[-165.420349,60.550692],[-164.97125,60.711434],[-164.903903,60.942213],[-165.22348,60.89645],[-164.868009,61.096394],[-165.549613,61.088162],[-165.915445,61.387686],[-165.754317,61.498704],[-166.18185,61.581342],[-165.809933,61.673029],[-166.094312,61.813859],[-165.600043,61.859663],[-165.734117,62.076873],[-164.423449,63.211977],[-163.316203,63.037763],[-162.587754,63.275727]]],[[[-169.267598,63.343995],[-168.685145,63.296427],[-169.638309,62.937527],[-170.55895,63.354989],[-171.849984,63.485039],[-171.673296,63.788067],[-170.950817,63.570127],[-170.315839,63.691923],[-169.267598,63.343995]]],[[[-75.867044,36.550754],[-75.536428,35.780118],[-76.019261,36.503506],[-75.793974,36.07171],[-76.184702,36.298166],[-76.064224,36.143775],[-76.447812,36.192514],[-76.298733,36.1012],[-76.514335,36.00564],[-76.693253,36.278357],[-76.667547,35.933509],[-76.024162,35.970891],[-76.04015,35.65131],[-75.80935,35.959308],[-75.775328,35.579335],[-76.149655,35.326411],[-76.485762,35.371375],[-76.471207,35.55742],[-76.580187,35.387113],[-77.023912,35.514802],[-76.467776,35.276951],[-76.801426,34.964369],[-76.982904,35.060607],[-76.288354,35.005726],[-76.673619,34.71491],[-76.038648,35.065045],[-76.535946,34.588577],[-77.169701,34.622023],[-77.740136,34.272546],[-77.970606,33.844517],[-78.772737,33.768511],[-79.359961,33.006672],[-80.472068,32.496964],[-81.203572,31.719448],[-81.447087,30.503679],[-80.031362,26.796339],[-80.127987,25.772245],[-80.418872,25.235532],[-81.079859,25.118797],[-81.352731,25.822015],[-81.68954,25.85271],[-82.181565,26.681712],[-82.063126,26.950214],[-82.259867,26.717398],[-82.745748,27.538834],[-82.393383,27.837519],[-82.678606,27.993715],[-82.733076,27.612972],[-82.846526,27.854301],[-82.654138,28.590837],[-82.804736,29.146624],[-83.053207,29.130839],[-83.686423,29.923735],[-84.256439,30.103791],[-84.349066,29.896812],[-85.344768,29.654793],[-85.405052,29.938487],[-86.2987,30.363049],[-88.028401,30.221132],[-87.755263,30.277292],[-88.008396,30.684956],[-88.136173,30.320729],[-89.335942,30.374016],[-89.857558,30.004439],[-89.218071,29.97275],[-89.688141,29.615055],[-89.000674,29.180091],[-89.41148,28.925011],[-89.849642,29.477996],[-90.174273,29.105301],[-90.510555,29.290925],[-90.839345,29.039167],[-91.889118,29.836023],[-92.149349,29.697052],[-91.712002,29.56474],[-93.267456,29.778113],[-94.778691,29.361483],[-94.495025,29.525031],[-94.779674,29.530533],[-94.735271,29.785433],[-94.965963,29.70033],[-94.893994,29.30817],[-95.16525,29.113566],[-94.72253,29.331446],[-96.378616,28.383909],[-95.978526,28.650594],[-96.648758,28.709627],[-96.403973,28.44245],[-96.775985,28.405809],[-97.379042,27.837867],[-97.401942,27.335574],[-97.639094,27.253131],[-97.42408,27.264073],[-97.563266,26.842188],[-97.145567,25.971132],[-97.422636,25.840378],[-99.085126,26.398782],[-99.512219,27.568094],[-101.415402,29.756561],[-102.670971,29.741954],[-102.866846,29.225015],[-103.28119,28.982138],[-104.507568,29.639624],[-104.924796,30.604832],[-106.451541,31.764808],[-108.208394,31.783599],[-108.208573,31.333395],[-111.074825,31.332239],[-114.813613,32.494277],[-114.719633,32.718763],[-117.124862,32.534156],[-117.469794,33.296417],[-118.411211,33.741985],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-120.637805,34.56622],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.862266,36.931552],[-122.405073,37.195791],[-122.514483,37.780829],[-122.111344,37.50758],[-122.430087,37.963115],[-122.273006,38.07438],[-122.489974,38.112014],[-122.505383,37.822128],[-123.024066,37.994878],[-122.977082,38.267902],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-124.363414,40.260974],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.552441,42.840568],[-124.067569,44.428582],[-124.024305,46.229256],[-123.547636,46.265595],[-124.080671,46.267239],[-124.068655,46.634879],[-123.943667,46.477197],[-123.84621,46.716795],[-124.138225,46.905534],[-123.86018,46.948556],[-124.180111,46.926357],[-124.731828,48.381157],[-122.68724,48.101662],[-122.610341,47.887343],[-123.15598,47.355745],[-122.549072,47.919072],[-122.547521,47.285344],[-122.725738,47.33047],[-122.711997,47.127681],[-122.803688,47.355071],[-122.67813,47.103866],[-122.324833,47.348521],[-122.429841,47.658919],[-122.224979,48.016626],[-122.712322,48.464143],[-122.425271,48.599522],[-122.75802,49.002357],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.15335,49.383079],[-94.957465,49.370186],[-94.645083,48.744143],[-93.794454,48.516021],[-92.954876,48.631493],[-92.369174,48.220268],[-92.055228,48.359213],[-91.567254,48.043719],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-90.86827,47.5569],[-92.094089,46.787839],[-91.961889,46.682539],[-90.855874,46.962232],[-90.951476,46.597033],[-90.436512,46.561748],[-87.929672,47.478743],[-87.710471,47.4062],[-88.227552,47.199938],[-88.462349,46.786711],[-88.142807,46.966302],[-86.850111,46.434114],[-84.989497,46.772403],[-85.015211,46.479712],[-84.128925,46.530119],[-84.251424,46.175888],[-83.510623,45.929324],[-84.656567,46.052654],[-84.746985,45.835597],[-85.499422,46.09692],[-86.278007,45.942057],[-86.616893,45.606796],[-86.541464,45.890234],[-86.964275,45.672761],[-87.031435,45.837238],[-87.837647,44.933091],[-88.005518,44.539216],[-86.970355,45.278455],[-87.735436,43.882219],[-87.828569,42.269922],[-87.42344,41.642835],[-86.616978,41.896625],[-86.208654,42.69209],[-86.540916,43.633158],[-86.254996,44.691935],[-85.551072,45.210742],[-85.576566,44.760208],[-85.371593,45.270834],[-84.91585,45.393115],[-85.115479,45.539406],[-85.014509,45.760329],[-84.726192,45.786905],[-83.488826,45.355872],[-83.265896,45.026844],[-83.454168,45.03188],[-83.332533,44.340464],[-83.877047,43.959351],[-83.909479,43.672622],[-83.666052,43.591292],[-82.967439,44.066138],[-82.643166,43.852468],[-82.518782,42.613888],[-82.813518,42.640833],[-83.455626,41.727445],[-82.499099,41.381541],[-81.738755,41.48855],[-79.148723,42.553672],[-78.851355,42.791758],[-79.070469,43.262454],[-76.958402,43.270005],[-76.235834,43.529256],[-76.125023,43.912773],[-76.312647,44.199044],[-74.826578,45.01585],[-73.343124,45.01084],[-73.276421,42.746019],[-72.458519,42.726853],[-72.065434,44.277235],[-71.577068,44.504041],[-71.443882,45.235462],[-70.634661,45.383608],[-69.818552,46.87503],[-69.22442,47.459686],[-68.902425,47.178839],[-68.329879,47.36023],[-67.955669,47.199542],[-67.789461,47.062544],[-67.817892,45.693705],[-67.429716,45.583773],[-67.489464,45.282653],[-66.950569,44.814539],[-68.049334,44.33073],[-68.261708,44.484062],[-68.317588,44.225101],[-68.3791,44.430049],[-68.525302,44.227554],[-68.927452,44.448039],[-69.214205,43.935583],[-70.190014,43.771866],[-70.810069,42.909549],[-70.594014,42.63503],[-71.01568,42.326019],[-70.471552,41.761563],[-70.024734,41.787364],[-70.245385,42.063733],[-70.058531,42.040363],[-69.998071,41.54365],[-70.948431,41.409193],[-70.658659,41.543385],[-70.718739,41.73574],[-71.337695,41.448902],[-71.19564,41.67509],[-71.350057,41.727835],[-71.483295,41.371722],[-72.916827,41.282033],[-73.643478,41.002171],[-73.781369,40.794907],[-72.278789,41.158722],[-71.856214,41.070598],[-73.23914,40.6251],[-74.186027,40.646076],[-74.261889,40.464706],[-73.978282,40.440208],[-74.096906,39.76303],[-74.864458,38.94041],[-74.887167,39.158825],[-75.536431,39.460559],[-75.509342,39.685313],[-75.048939,38.451263],[-75.906734,37.114193],[-76.018645,37.31782],[-75.663095,37.961195],[-75.892686,37.916848],[-75.973876,38.36585],[-76.258189,38.318373],[-76.203638,38.928382],[-76.376031,38.848777],[-75.970337,39.557637],[-76.535885,39.211008],[-76.321499,38.03805],[-77.250172,38.382781],[-77.246704,38.635217],[-77.279633,38.339444],[-77.043526,38.400548],[-76.236725,37.889174],[-76.36232,37.610368],[-76.784618,37.869569],[-76.300144,37.561734],[-76.275552,37.309964],[-76.50364,37.233856],[-76.304272,37.001378],[-76.802511,37.198308],[-76.469914,36.882898],[-75.996252,36.922047],[-75.867044,36.550754]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.605534,33.030999],[-118.353504,32.821962],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-81.582923,24.658732],[-81.298028,24.656774],[-81.81289,24.546468],[-81.582923,24.658732]]],[[[-80.250581,25.34193],[-80.659395,24.897433],[-80.174544,25.518406],[-80.250581,25.34193]]],[[[-70.59628,41.471905],[-70.451084,41.348161],[-70.838777,41.347209],[-70.59628,41.471905]]],[[[-88.684434,48.115785],[-88.418244,48.18037],[-89.255202,47.876102],[-88.684434,48.115785]]],[[[-75.753765,35.199612],[-75.529393,35.288272],[-75.533512,35.773577],[-75.52592,35.233839],[-76.013145,35.061855],[-75.753765,35.199612]]],[[[-97.240849,26.411504],[-97.361796,27.359988],[-96.879424,28.131402],[-96.403206,28.371475],[-97.30447,27.407734],[-97.154271,26.066841],[-97.240849,26.411504]]],[[[-122.519535,48.288314],[-122.668385,48.223967],[-122.380497,47.904023],[-122.770045,48.224395],[-122.519535,48.288314]]],[[[-122.800217,48.60169],[-122.874135,48.418196],[-123.203026,48.596178],[-122.800217,48.60169]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Alaska\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"5","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913d7e4b07657d19ff188","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Midway, Stephen R.","contributorId":172159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Midway","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70100260,"text":"70100260 - 2014 - Status of important prey fishes in the U.S. waters of Lake Ontario, 2013: Introduction and methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T12:19:16","indexId":"70100260","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-28T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5114,"text":"NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"2013","chapter":"12","title":"Status of important prey fishes in the U.S. waters of Lake Ontario, 2013: Introduction and methods","docAbstract":"<p>Lake Ontario has a mean depth of 86 m (282 ft) and a maximum depth of 244 m (801 ft) (Herdendorf 1982). The southern, New York portion of the lake has the deepest water (Figure 1). In New York waters, about 67% of the lake is &lt;160 m (525 ft) deep and about 82% of the lake is &lt;180 m (591 ft) deep. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) have cooperatively assessed Lake Ontario prey fishes each year since 1978. Bottom trawl assessments were initially focused on Alewife <i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i> (April), Rainbow Smelt <i>Osmerus mordax</i> (June), and Slimy Sculpin <i>Cottus cognatus</i> (October). Seasonal survey timing corresponded to the peak catches in 1972 when collections were made every month May to October (Owens et al. 2003). Twelve transects were established at approximately 25-km intervals along the U.S. shoreline (Figure 2). Alewife assessment was conducted at all transects, Rainbow Smelt assessment at all transects except Fair Haven, and six transects representing eastern, southern, and western lake areas were sampled for Slimy Sculpin (Figure 2). Changes in the Lake Ontario ecosystem (species invasion, oligotrophication, native species rebound) require ongoing evaluation of current methods which sometimes necessitate redistribution of trawl effort, or changes in sampling designs and/or gear. For instance, the spring Alewife assessment is now used also to assess invasive Round Goby <i>Neogobius melanostomus</i> population dynamics. Likewise, the fall benthic fish assessment (formerly sculpin assessment) now also tracks dynamics of the rebounding native Deepwater Sculpin <i>Myoxocephalus thompsonii</i> population, the apparent declining population of Slimy Sculpin, and fall distribution of Round Goby.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"2013 Annual report: Bureau of Fisheries, Lake Ontario unit and St. Lawrence River unit, to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission’s Lake Ontario Committee","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Lake Ontario Committee Meeting","conferenceDate":"March 26-27, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Windsor, ON","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"Walsh, M., Weidel, B., and Connerton, M., 2014, Status of important prey fishes in the U.S. waters of Lake Ontario, 2013: Introduction and methods: NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report  2013, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"12-1","endPage":"12-5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055066","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314861,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":372950,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://purl.nysed.gov/nysl/889897048"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.881591796875,\n              43.281204464332745\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.573974609375,\n              43.22519255488632\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.3817138671875,\n              43.197167282501276\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.2718505859375,\n              43.18515250937298\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1619873046875,\n              43.26920624914964\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.0411376953125,\n              43.281204464332745\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.662109375,\n              43.37311218382002\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.2171630859375,\n              43.41302868475145\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.991943359375,\n              43.393073720674415\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.8765869140625,\n              43.38109758727857\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.7117919921875,\n              43.329173667843904\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.607421875,\n              43.27720532212024\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.5360107421875,\n              43.25320494908846\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.4591064453125,\n              43.27320591705845\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.2998046875,\n              43.297198404646366\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.14050292968749,\n              43.29320031385282\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.0745849609375,\n              43.29320031385282\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.97021484375,\n              43.27320591705845\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.849365234375,\n              43.313188139196406\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.7010498046875,\n              43.36512572875844\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.6021728515625,\n              43.440954591707445\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.497802734375,\n              43.51668853502906\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.37695312499999,\n              43.53660274231031\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.2725830078125,\n              43.52465500687185\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.256103515625,\n              43.55252937447483\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.22314453125,\n              43.600284023536325\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.190185546875,\n              43.67581809328341\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.2506103515625,\n              43.75919263886012\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.201171875,\n              43.929549935614595\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.2066650390625,\n              43.96119063892024\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.431884765625,\n              44.07574700247845\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.5362548828125,\n              44.13885576756881\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.6021728515625,\n              44.13885576756881\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.66259765625,\n              44.10336537791152\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.7559814453125,\n              44.071800467511565\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.83837890625,\n              44.05995928349327\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.8878173828125,\n              43.99676629896825\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9207763671875,\n              43.98095752608484\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.871337890625,\n              43.97305156068593\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.8109130859375,\n              43.957236472025635\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9976806640625,\n              43.854335770789575\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.156982421875,\n              43.83848910616803\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.266845703125,\n              43.862257524417934\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.32177734375,\n              43.92163712834673\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.420654296875,\n              43.9058083561574\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.4920654296875,\n              43.909765943908\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.6019287109375,\n              43.97700467496408\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.7557373046875,\n              43.97700467496408\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.89306640625,\n              43.957236472025635\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.06884765624999,\n              43.94141717295212\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.2281494140625,\n              43.91768033000405\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.4698486328125,\n              43.88997537383687\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.6566162109375,\n              43.854335770789575\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.826904296875,\n              43.83848910616803\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.0521240234375,\n              43.79885402720353\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.189453125,\n              43.71950494269107\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.2718505859375,\n              43.59630591596548\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.43115234375,\n              43.60426186809618\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.486083984375,\n              43.57641143300888\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.573974609375,\n              43.52863784833001\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.5904541015625,\n              43.50075243569041\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.70581054687499,\n              43.369119087738554\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.881591796875,\n              43.281204464332745\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a8a6cce4b0b28f1184dc13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Maureen 0000-0001-7846-5025 mwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7846-5025","contributorId":3659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Maureen","email":"mwalsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Connerton, Michael J.","contributorId":25495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connerton","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":518654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70148036,"text":"70148036 - 2014 - Offset of latest pleistocene shoreface reveals slip rate on the Hosgri strike-slip fault, offshore central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-14T09:10:43","indexId":"70148036","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-14T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Offset of latest pleistocene shoreface reveals slip rate on the Hosgri strike-slip fault, offshore central California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Hosgri fault is the southern part of the regional Hosgri&ndash;San Gregorio dextral strike‐slip fault system, which extends primarily in the offshore for about 400&nbsp;km in central California. Between Morro Bay and San Simeon, high‐resolution multibeam bathymetry reveals that the eastern strand of the Hosgri fault is crossed by an &sim;265&thinsp;&thinsp;m wide slope interpreted as the shoreface of a latest Pleistocene sand spit. This sand spit crossed an embayment and connected a western fault‐bounded bedrock peninsula and an eastern bedrock highland, a paleogeography resembling modern coastal geomorphology along the San Andreas fault. Detailed analysis of the relict shoreface with slope profiles and slope maps indicates a lateral slip rate of 2.6&plusmn;0.9&thinsp;&thinsp;mm/yr, considered a minimum rate for the Hosgri given the presence of an active western strand. This slip rate indicates that the Hosgri system takes up the largest share of the strike‐slip fault budget and is the most active strike‐slip fault west of the San Andreas fault in central California. This result further demonstrates the value and potential of high‐resolution bathymetry in characterization of active offshore faults.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120130257","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Hartwell, S., and Dartnell, P., 2014, Offset of latest pleistocene shoreface reveals slip rate on the Hosgri strike-slip fault, offshore central California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 104, no. 4, p. 1650-1662, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130257.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1650","endPage":"1662","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051884","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300393,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hosgri-San Gregorio fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.4091796875,\n              36.12012758978146\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.4091796875,\n              39.01064750994083\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.47607421874999,\n              39.01064750994083\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.47607421874999,\n              36.12012758978146\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.4091796875,\n              36.12012758978146\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5555b934e4b0a92fa7e9512a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartwell, Stephen R. 0000-0002-3522-7526 shartwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3522-7526","contributorId":138973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartwell","given":"Stephen R.","email":"shartwell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}