{"pageNumber":"1310","pageRowStart":"32725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165309,"records":[{"id":70100727,"text":"sir20145061 - 2014 - Correlations of daily flows at streamgages in and near West Virginia, 1930-2011, and streamflow characteristics relevant to the use of index streamgages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-28T14:11:34","indexId":"sir20145061","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-26T10:03:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5061","title":"Correlations of daily flows at streamgages in and near West Virginia, 1930-2011, and streamflow characteristics relevant to the use of index streamgages","docAbstract":"<p>Correlation of flows at pairs of streamgages were evaluated using a Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient to better identify gages that can be used as index gages to estimate daily flow at ungaged stream sites in West Virginia. Much of West Virginia (77 percent) is within areas where Spearman’s rho for daily streamflow between streamgages on unregulated streams (unregulated streamgages) is greater than 0.9; most withdrawals from ungaged streams for shale gas well hydraulic fracturing are being made in these areas. Most of West Virginia (>99 percent) is within zones where Spearman’s rho between streamgages on unregulated streams is greater than 0.85. Withdrawals for hydraulic fracturing are made from ungaged streams in areas where Spearman’s rho between streamgages on unregulated streams is less than 0.9, but because spatial correlation is partly a function of the density of the streamgaging network, adding or reactivating several streamgages would be likely to result in correlations of 0.90 or higher in these areas.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Seasonal differences in the strength and spatial extent of correlations of daily streamflows are great. The strongest correlations among streamgages are for fall, followed by spring, then winter. One possible explanation for the weak correlations for summer may be that precipitation and runoff associated with convective storms affect one basin and miss nearby basins. A comparison of correlation patterns during previously identified climatic periods shows that the strongest correlations occurred during 1963–69, a period of drought, and the weakest during 1970–79, a wet period. The apparent effect of frequent rain during 1970–79 overshadowed streamgage-network density, which was at its historic maximum in West Virginia at that time, so that the extent of areas with high correlation to at least one streamgage was smaller during 1970–79 than during 1963–69. Correlations for 1992 to 2011 were slightly weaker than those for 1963 to 1969.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The relation between correlation and distance between basin centroids was determined to be stronger for streamgage pairs in the Ohio River Basin than for pairs in the Atlantic Slope River Basins, which in turn was stronger than the relation between pairs of streamgages split between the two major basins. Quantile regression equations were developed for these three comparisons to estimate the Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient for streamgage pairs using distance between basin centroids as a predictor variable. The equations can be used for streamgage network planning. For the Ohio River Basin, the distance between basin centroids at which 50 percent of streamgage pairs would exceed a Spearman’s rho of 0.95 is 9 miles. The distance between basin centroids at which 50 percent of streamgage pairs would exceed a Spearman’s rho of 0.90 is 25 miles, and the distance at which 50 percent of streamgage pairs would exceed a Spearman’s rho of 0.85 is 48 miles. For the Atlantic Slope River Basins, the distance between basin centroids at which 50 percent of streamgage pairs would exceed a Spearman’s rho of 0.95 is 1 mile. The distance between basin centroids at which 50 percent of streamgage pairs would exceed a Spearman’s rho of 0.90 is 13 miles, and the distance at which 50 percent of streamgage pairs would exceed a Spearman’s rho of 0.85 is 41 miles. For pairs of streamgages split between the two major basins, the regression equation gives a value of 0.84 for the correlation coefficient at zero miles. On maps of correlations, the shape of strongly correlated areas for streamgages in the Ohio River Basin is generally round. In the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province, which generally coincides with the Atlantic Slope River Basins within the study area, areas strongly correlated with streamgages generally coincide with major valleys.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145061","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection Division of Water and Waste Management, Water Use Section","usgsCitation":"Messinger, T., and Paybins, K.S., 2014, Correlations of daily flows at streamgages in and near West Virginia, 1930-2011, and streamflow characteristics relevant to the use of index streamgages (Originally posted June 26, 2014; Revised and reposted August 28, 2014, version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5061, Report: viii, 82 p.; Tables 10, 11, 16-22; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145061.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 82 p.; Tables 10, 11, 16-22; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"96","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1930-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-045700","costCenters":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289069,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145061.jpg"},{"id":289065,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5061/"},{"id":289067,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5061/support/sir2014-5061-tables.xlsx"},{"id":289066,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5061/support/sir2014-5061.pdf"},{"id":289068,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5061/support"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 17","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Slope River Basins;Ohio River Basins","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.0,36.8 ], [ -83.0,40.64 ], [ -77.4,40.64 ], [ -77.4,36.8 ], [ -83.0,36.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Originally posted June 26, 2014; Revised and reposted August 28, 2014, version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ad32d7e4b0729c154181a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Messinger, Terence 0000-0003-4084-9298 tmessing@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4084-9298","contributorId":2717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messinger","given":"Terence","email":"tmessing@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paybins, Katherine S. 0000-0002-3967-5043 kpaybins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3967-5043","contributorId":2805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paybins","given":"Katherine","email":"kpaybins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70240954,"text":"70240954 - 2014 - Inundation of a barrier island (Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, USA) during a hurricane: Observed water-level gradients and modeled seaward sand transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-02T15:18:15.90432","indexId":"70240954","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-26T09:12:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7357,"text":"JGR Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inundation of a barrier island (Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, USA) during a hurricane: Observed water-level gradients and modeled seaward sand transport","docAbstract":"<p><span>Large geomorphic changes to barrier islands may occur during inundation, when storm surge exceeds island elevation. Inundation occurs episodically and under energetic conditions that make quantitative observations difficult. We measured water levels on both sides of a barrier island in the northern Chandeleur Islands during inundation by Hurricane Isaac. Wind patterns caused the water levels to slope from the bay side to the ocean side for much of the storm. Modeled geomorphic changes during the storm were very sensitive to the cross-island slopes imposed by water-level boundary conditions. Simulations with equal or landward sloping water levels produced the characteristic barrier island storm response of overwash deposits or displaced berms with smoother final topography. Simulations using the observed seaward sloping water levels produced cross-barrier channels and deposits of sand on the ocean side, consistent with poststorm observations. This sensitivity indicates that accurate water-level boundary conditions must be applied on both sides of a barrier to correctly represent the geomorphic response to inundation events. More broadly, the consequence of seaward transport is that it alters the relationship between storm intensity and volume of landward transport. Sand transported to the ocean side may move downdrift, or aid poststorm recovery by moving onto the beach face or closing recent breaches, but it does not contribute to island transgression or appear as an overwash deposit in the back-barrier stratigraphic record. The high vulnerability of the Chandeleur Islands allowed us to observe processes that are infrequent but may be important at other barrier islands.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013JF003069","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, C.R., Long, J.W., Dickhudt, P., Dalyander, P.S., Thompson, D.M., and Plant, N.G., 2014, Inundation of a barrier island (Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, USA) during a hurricane: Observed water-level gradients and modeled seaward sand transport: JGR Earth Surface, v. 119, no. 7, p. 1498-1515, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF003069.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1498","endPage":"1515","ipdsId":"IP-053447","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jf003069","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":413617,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Chandeleur Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.71427201193912,\n              30.126096110029266\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.10316960345594,\n              30.126096110029266\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.10316960345594,\n              29.538899150119548\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.71427201193912,\n              29.538899150119548\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.71427201193912,\n              30.126096110029266\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherwood, Christopher R. 0000-0001-6135-3553 csherwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3553","contributorId":2866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Christopher","email":"csherwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":865472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Joseph W. 0000-0003-2912-1992 jwlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2912-1992","contributorId":3303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Joseph","email":"jwlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":865473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dickhudt, Patrick 0000-0001-8003-7089 pdickhudt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8003-7089","contributorId":187402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickhudt","given":"Patrick","email":"pdickhudt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":865474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dalyander, P. Soupy 0000-0001-9583-0872 sdalyander@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-0872","contributorId":141015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalyander","given":"P.","email":"sdalyander@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Soupy","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":865475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, David M. 0000-0002-7103-5740 dthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7103-5740","contributorId":3502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"David","email":"dthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":865476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":865477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70114502,"text":"70114502 - 2014 - InSAR detects increase in surface subsidence caused by an Arctic tundra fire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-07T13:29:03","indexId":"70114502","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-26T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"InSAR detects increase in surface subsidence caused by an Arctic tundra fire","docAbstract":"Wildfire is a major disturbance in the Arctic tundra and boreal forests, having a significant impact on soil hydrology, carbon cycling, and permafrost dynamics. This study explores the use of the microwave Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique to map and quantify ground surface subsidence caused by the Anaktuvuk River fire on the North Slope of Alaska. We detected an increase of up to 8 cm of thaw-season ground subsidence after the fire, which is due to a combination of thickened active layer and permafrost thaw subsidence. Our results illustrate the effectiveness and potential of using InSAR to quantify fire impacts on the Arctic tundra, especially in regions underlain by ice-rich permafrost. Our study also suggests that surface subsidence is a more comprehensive indicator of fire impacts on ice-rich permafrost terrain than changes in active layer thickness alone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2014GL060533","usgsCitation":"Liu, L., Jafarov, E.E., Schaefer, K.M., Jones, B.M., Zebker, H.A., Williams, C.A., Rogan, J., and Zhang, T., 2014, InSAR detects increase in surface subsidence caused by an Arctic tundra fire: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, no. 11, p. 3906-3913, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060533.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3906","endPage":"3913","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-056850","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl060533","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":289062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289061,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060533"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Anaktuvuk River;North Slope Of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159.0,68.0 ], [ -159.0,72.0 ], [ -147.0,72.0 ], [ -147.0,68.0 ], [ -159.0,68.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"41","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ad32d9e4b0729c154181aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Lin","contributorId":92950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Lin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36342,"text":"Earth System Science Programme, Faculty of Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":495340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jafarov, Elchin E.","contributorId":40880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jafarov","given":"Elchin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaefer, Kevin M.","contributorId":89449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zebker, Howard A.","contributorId":80401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zebker","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Williams, Christopher A.","contributorId":91791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rogan, John","contributorId":83008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogan","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhang, Tingjun","contributorId":66600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Tingjun","affiliations":[{"id":28117,"text":"Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":495335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70160091,"text":"70160091 - 2014 - Modeling turbidity type and intensity effects on the growth and starvation mortality of age-0 yellow perch","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-11T16:52:18","indexId":"70160091","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling turbidity type and intensity effects on the growth and starvation mortality of age-0 yellow perch","docAbstract":"<p>We sought to quantify the possible population-level influence of sediment plumes and algal blooms on yellow perch (Perca flavescens), a visual predator found in systems with dynamic water clarity. We used an individual-based model (IBM), which allowed us to include variance in water clarity and the distribution of individual sizes. Our IBM was built with laboratory data showing that larval yellow perch feeding rates increased slightly as sediment turbidity level increased, but that both larval and juvenile yellow perch feeding rates decreased as phytoplankton level increased. Our IBM explained a majority of the variance in yellow perch length in data from the western and central basins of Lake Erie and Oneida Lake, with R2 values ranging from 0.611 to 0.742. Starvation mortality was size dependent, as the greatest daily mortality rates in each simulation occurred within days of each other. Our model showed that turbidity-dependent consumption rates and temperature are key components in determining growth and starvation mortality of age-0 yellow perch, linking fish production to land-based processes that influence water clarity. These results suggest the timing and persistence of sediment plumes and algal blooms can drastically alter the growth potential and starvation mortality of a yellow perch cohort.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2013-0528","collaboration":"University of Toledo; Ohio Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Manning, N.M., Bossenbroek, J.M., Mayer, C.M., Bunnell, D., Tyson, J.T., Rudstam, L.G., and Jackson, J.R., 2014, Modeling turbidity type and intensity effects on the growth and starvation mortality of age-0 yellow perch: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 71, no. 10, p. 1544-1553, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0528.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1544","endPage":"1553","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049840","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science 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M","contributorId":150496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manning","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bossenbroek, Jonathan M.","contributorId":98622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bossenbroek","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayer, Christine M.","contributorId":50814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bunnell, David B. dbunnell@usgs.gov","contributorId":141167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David B.","email":"dbunnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tyson, Jeff T.","contributorId":68430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyson","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rudstam, Lars G.","contributorId":56609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudstam","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jackson, James R.","contributorId":55709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70188052,"text":"70188052 - 2014 - Differentiating moss from higher plants is critical in studying the carbon cycle of the boreal biome","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:12:50","indexId":"70188052","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2842,"text":"Nature Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differentiating moss from higher plants is critical in studying the carbon cycle of the boreal biome","docAbstract":"<p><span>The satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which is used for estimating gross primary production (GPP), often includes contributions from both mosses and vascular plants in boreal ecosystems. For the same NDVI, moss can generate only about one-third of the GPP that vascular plants can because of its much lower photosynthetic capacity. Here, based on eddy covariance measurements, we show that the difference in photosynthetic capacity between these two plant functional types has never been explicitly included when estimating regional GPP in the boreal region, resulting in a substantial overestimation. The magnitude of this overestimation could have important implications regarding a change from a current carbon sink to a carbon source in the boreal region. Moss abundance, associated with ecosystem disturbances, needs to be mapped and incorporated into GPP estimates in order to adequately assess the role of the boreal region in the global carbon cycle.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/ncomms5270","usgsCitation":"Yuan, W., Liu, S., Dong, W., Liang, S., Zhao, S., Chen, J., Xu, W., Li, X., Barr, A., Black, T.A., Yan, W., Goulden, M., Kulmala, L., Lindroth, A., Margolis, H.A., Matsuura, Y., Moors, E., van der Molen, M., Ohta, T., Pilegaard, K., Varlagin, A., and Vesala, T., 2014, Differentiating moss from higher plants is critical in studying the carbon cycle of the boreal biome: Nature Communications, v. 5, Article 4270: 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5270.","productDescription":"Article 4270: 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-054943","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5270","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341879,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84c8e4b092b266f10db6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yuan, Wenping","contributorId":83435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuan","given":"Wenping","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dong, Wenjie","contributorId":192433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dong","given":"Wenjie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liang, Shunlin","contributorId":192428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liang","given":"Shunlin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhao, Shuqing","contributorId":9152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"Shuqing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chen, Jingming","contributorId":192434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Jingming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Xu, Wenfang","contributorId":192430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Wenfang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Li, Xianglan","contributorId":192435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Xianglan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Barr, Alan","contributorId":192436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barr","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Black, T. Andrew","contributorId":192437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Black","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Yan, Wende","contributorId":192438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yan","given":"Wende","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Goulden, Michael","contributorId":192006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goulden","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kulmala, Liisa","contributorId":192439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kulmala","given":"Liisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Lindroth, Anders","contributorId":192440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindroth","given":"Anders","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Margolis, Hank A.","contributorId":192441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Margolis","given":"Hank","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Matsuura, Yojiro","contributorId":192442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matsuura","given":"Yojiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Moors, Eddy","contributorId":192443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moors","given":"Eddy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"van der Molen, Michiel","contributorId":192444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van der Molen","given":"Michiel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Ohta, Takeshi","contributorId":192445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ohta","given":"Takeshi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Pilegaard, Kim","contributorId":192446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pilegaard","given":"Kim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Varlagin, Andrej","contributorId":192447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Varlagin","given":"Andrej","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Vesala, Timo","contributorId":192448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vesala","given":"Timo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22}]}}
,{"id":70114455,"text":"70114455 - 2014 - Interpretation of high-resolution imagery for detecting vegetation cover composition change after fuels reduction treatments in woodlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-25T16:23:38","indexId":"70114455","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-25T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpretation of high-resolution imagery for detecting vegetation cover composition change after fuels reduction treatments in woodlands","docAbstract":"The use of very high resolution (VHR; ground sampling distances < ∼5 cm) aerial imagery to estimate site vegetation cover and to detect changes from management has been well documented. However, as the purpose of monitoring is to document change over time, the ability to detect changes from imagery at the same or better level of accuracy and precision as those measured in situ must be assessed for image-based techniques to become reliable tools for ecosystem monitoring. Our objective with this study was to quantify the relationship between field-measured and image-interpreted changes in vegetation and ground cover measured one year apart in a Piñon and Juniper (P–J) woodland in southern Utah, USA. The study area was subject to a variety of fuel removal treatments between 2009 and 2010. We measured changes in plant community composition and ground cover along transects in a control area and three different treatments prior to and following P–J removal. We compared these measurements to vegetation composition and change based on photo-interpretation of ∼4 cm ground sampling distance imagery along similar transects. Estimates of cover were similar between field-based and image-interpreted methods in 2009 and 2010 for woody vegetation, no vegetation, herbaceous vegetation, and litter (including woody litter). Image-interpretation slightly overestimated cover for woody vegetation and no-vegetation classes (average difference between methods of 1.34% and 5.85%) and tended to underestimate cover for herbaceous vegetation and litter (average difference of −5.18% and 0.27%), but the differences were significant only for litter cover in 2009. Level of agreement between the field-measurements and image-interpretation was good for woody vegetation and no-vegetation classes (r between 0.47 and 0.89), but generally poorer for herbaceous vegetation and litter (r between 0.18 and 0.81) likely due to differences in image quality by year and the difficulty in discriminating fine vegetation and litter in imagery. Our results show that image interpretation to detect vegetation changes has utility for monitoring fuels reduction treatments in terms of woody vegetation and no-vegetation classes. The benefits of this technique are that it provides objective and repeatable measurements of site conditions that could be implemented relatively inexpensively and easily without the need for highly specialized software or technical expertise. Perhaps the biggest limitations of image interpretation to monitoring fuels treatments are challenges in estimating litter and herbaceous vegetation cover and the sensitivity of herbaceous cover estimates to image quality and shadowing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.05.017","usgsCitation":"Karl, J., Gillan, J.K., Barger, N., Herrick, J.E., and Duniway, M.C., 2014, Interpretation of high-resolution imagery for detecting vegetation cover composition change after fuels reduction treatments in woodlands: Ecological Indicators, v. 45, p. 570-578, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.05.017.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"570","endPage":"578","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-052454","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289059,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.05.017"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.561994,37.983039 ], [ -109.561994,37.993271 ], [ -109.554012,37.993271 ], [ -109.554012,37.983039 ], [ -109.561994,37.983039 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53abe154e4b0dad35f8e8ca6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karl, Jason W.","contributorId":22616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Jason W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gillan, Jeffrey K.","contributorId":51656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillan","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barger, Nichole N.","contributorId":102392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barger","given":"Nichole N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herrick, Jeffrey E.","contributorId":26054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herrick","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12627,"text":"USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":495320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70103656,"text":"sir20145085 - 2014 - Summary of U.S. Geological Survey reports documenting flood profiles of streams in Iowa, 1963-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-25T14:04:42","indexId":"sir20145085","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-25T13:59:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5085","title":"Summary of U.S. Geological Survey reports documenting flood profiles of streams in Iowa, 1963-2012","docAbstract":"<p>This report is part of an ongoing program that is publishing flood profiles of streams in Iowa. The program is managed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation and the Iowa Highway Research Board (Project HR-140). Information from flood profiles is used by engineers to analyze and design bridges, culverts, and roadways. This report summarizes 47 U.S. Geological Survey flood-profile reports that were published for streams in Iowa during a 50-year period from 1963 to 2012. Flood events profiled in the reports range from 1903 to 2010. Streams in Iowa that have been selected for the preparation of flood-profile reports typically have drainage areas of 100 square miles or greater, and the documented flood events have annual exceedance probabilities of less than 2 to 4 percent. This report summarizes flood-profile measurements, changes in flood-profile report content throughout the years, streams that were profiled in the reports, the occurrence of flood events profiled, and annual exceedance-probability estimates of observed flood events. To develop flood profiles for selected flood events for selected stream reaches, the U.S. Geological Survey measured high-water marks and river miles at selected locations.</p>\n<br>\n<p>A total of 94 stream reaches have been profiled in U.S. Geological Survey flood-profile reports. Three rivers in Iowa have been profiled along the same stream reach for five different flood events and six rivers in Iowa have been profiled along the same stream reach for four different flood events. Floods were profiled for June flood events for 18 different years, followed by July flood events for 13 years, May flood events for 11 years, and April flood events for 9 years.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Most of the flood-profile reports include estimates of annual exceedance probabilities of observed flood events at streamgages located along profiled stream reaches. Comparisons of 179 historic and updated annual exceedance-probability estimates indicate few differences that are considered substantial between the historic and updated estimates for the observed flood events. Overall, precise comparisons for 114 observed flood events indicate that updated annual exceedance probabilities have increased for most of the observed flood events compared to the historic annual exceedance probabilities. Multiple large flood events exceeding the 2-percent annual exceedance-probability discharge estimate occurred at 37 of 98 selected streamgages during 1960–2012. Five large flood events were recorded at two streamgages in Ames during 1990–2010 and four large flood events were recorded at four other streamgages during 1973–2010. Results of Kendall’s tau trend-analysis tests for 35 of 37 selected streamgages indicate that a statistically significant trend is not evident for the 1963–2012 period of record; nor is an overall clear positive or negative trend evident for the 37 streamgages.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145085","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation and the Iowa Highway Research Board (Project HR-140)","usgsCitation":"Eash, D.A., 2014, Summary of U.S. Geological Survey reports documenting flood profiles of streams in Iowa, 1963-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5085, Report: vii, 32 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145085.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 32 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"N","temporalStart":"1963-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-050920","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145085.jpg"},{"id":289057,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5085/downloads/"},{"id":289055,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5085/"},{"id":289056,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5085/pdf/sir2014-5085.pdf"}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.5,40.5 ], [ -96.5,43.5 ], [ -90.0,43.5 ], [ -90.0,40.5 ], [ -96.5,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53abe156e4b0dad35f8e8caa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eash, David A. 0000-0002-2749-8959 daeash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-8959","contributorId":1887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"David","email":"daeash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70104622,"text":"ofr20121258 - 2014 - High-resolution swath interferometric data collected within Muskeget Channel, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-25T13:28:53","indexId":"ofr20121258","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-25T13:25:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1258","title":"High-resolution swath interferometric data collected within Muskeget Channel, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Swath interferometric bathymetery data were collected within and around Muskeget Channel and along select nearshore areas south and east of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. Data were collected aboard the U.S. Geological Survey research vessel Rafael in October and November 2010 in a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. This report describes the data-collection methods and -processing steps and releases the data in geospatial format. These data were collected to support an assessment of the effect on sediment transport that a tidal instream energy conversion facility would have within Muskeget Channel. Baseline bathymetry data were obtained for the Muskeget Channel area, and surveys in select areas were repeated after one month to monitor sediment transport and bedform migration.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121258","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","usgsCitation":"Pendleton, E., Denny, J.F., Danforth, W.W., Baldwin, W.E., and Irwin, B.J., 2014, High-resolution swath interferometric data collected within Muskeget Channel, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1258, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121258.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042558","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121258.jpg"},{"id":289052,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1258/"},{"id":289053,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1258/ofr2012-1258_title_page.html"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Muskeget Channel","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.5,41.25 ], [ -70.5,41.416667 ], [ -70.333333,41.416667 ], [ -70.333333,41.25 ], [ -70.5,41.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53abe152e4b0dad35f8e8c9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pendleton, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":101312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denny, Jane F. 0000-0002-3472-618X jdenny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-618X","contributorId":418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"Jane","email":"jdenny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baldwin, Wayne E. 0000-0001-5886-0917 wbaldwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5886-0917","contributorId":1321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Wayne","email":"wbaldwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Irwin, Barry J. birwin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Barry","email":"birwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70100112,"text":"sir20145059 - 2014 - Hydrogeology and water quality of the stratified-drift aquifer in the Pony Hollow Creek Valley, Tompkins County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-25T13:08:00","indexId":"sir20145059","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-25T12:57:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5059","title":"Hydrogeology and water quality of the stratified-drift aquifer in the Pony Hollow Creek Valley, Tompkins County, New York","docAbstract":"<p>The lithology, areal extent, and the water-table configuration in stratified-drift aquifers in the northern part of the Pony Hollow Creek valley in the Town of Newfield, New York, were mapped as part of an ongoing aquifer mapping program in Tompkins County. Surficial geologic and soil maps, well and test-boring records, light detection and ranging (lidar) data, water-level measurements, and passive-seismic surveys were used to map the aquifer geometry, construct geologic sections, and determine the depth to bedrock at selected locations throughout the valley. Additionally, water-quality samples were collected from selected streams and wells to characterize the quality of surface and groundwater in the study area.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Sedimentary bedrock underlies the study area and is overlain by unstratified drift (till), stratified drift (glaciolacustrine and glaciofluvial deposits), and recent post glacial alluvium. The major type of unconsolidated, water-yielding material in the study area is stratified drift, which consists of glaciofluvial sand and gravel, and is present in sufficient amounts in most places to form an extensive unconfined aquifer throughout the study area, which is the source of water for most residents, farms, and businesses in the valleys.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>A map of the water table in the unconfined aquifer was constructed by using (1) measurements made between the mid-1960s through 2010, (2) control on the altitudes of perennial streams at 10-foot contour intervals from lidar data collected by Tompkins County, and (3) water surfaces of ponds and wetlands that are hydraulically connected to the unconfined aquifer. Water-table contours indicate that the direction of groundwater flow within the stratified-drift aquifer is predominantly from the valley walls toward the streams and ponds in the central part of the valley where groundwater then flows southwestward (down valley) toward the confluence with the Cayuta Creek valley. Locally, the direction of groundwater flow is radially away from groundwater mounds that have formed beneath upland tributaries that lose water where they flow on alluvial fans on the margins of the valley. In some places, groundwater that would normally flow toward streams is intercepted by pumping wells.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Surface-water samples were collected in 2001 at four sites including Carter, Pony Hollow (two sites), and Chafee Creeks, and from six wells throughout the aquifer. Calcium dominates the cation composition and bicarbonate dominates the anion composition in groundwater and surface-water samples and none of the common inorganic constituents collected exceeded any Federal or State water-quality standards. Groundwater samples were collected from six wells all completed in the unconfined sand and gravel aquifer. Concentrations of calcium and magnesium dominated the ionic composition of the groundwater in all wells sampled. Nitrate, orthophosphate, and trace metals were detected in all groundwater samples, but none were more than U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or New York State Department of Health regulatory limits.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145059","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tompkins County Department of Planning","usgsCitation":"Bugliosi, E.F., Miller, T.S., and Reynolds, R.J., 2014, Hydrogeology and water quality of the stratified-drift aquifer in the Pony Hollow Creek Valley, Tompkins County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5059, v, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145059.","productDescription":"v, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044950","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289051,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145059.jpg"},{"id":289049,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5059/"},{"id":289050,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5059/pdf/sir2014-5059.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Tompkins County","otherGeospatial":"Pony Hollow Creek Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.666667,42.166667 ], [ -76.666667,42.666667 ], [ -76.25,42.666667 ], [ -76.25,42.166667 ], [ -76.666667,42.166667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53abe153e4b0dad35f8e8ca2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bugliosi, Edward F. ebuglios@usgs.gov","contributorId":1083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bugliosi","given":"Edward","email":"ebuglios@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Todd S. tsmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Todd","email":"tsmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard J. 0000-0001-5032-6613 rjreynol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-6613","contributorId":1082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rjreynol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70073938,"text":"sir20145015 - 2014 - Spatiotemporal variations in estrogenicity, hormones, and endocrine-disrupting compounds in influents and effluents of selected wastewater-treatment plants and receiving streams in New York, 2008-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T14:03:19.085518","indexId":"sir20145015","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-25T12:47:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5015","title":"Spatiotemporal variations in estrogenicity, hormones, and endocrine-disrupting compounds in influents and effluents of selected wastewater-treatment plants and receiving streams in New York, 2008-09","docAbstract":"<p>Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in wastewater effluents have been linked to changes in sex ratios, intersex (in males), behavioral modifications, and developmental abnormalities in aquatic organisms. Yet efforts to identify and regulate specific EDCs in complex mixtures are problematic because little is known about the estrogen activity (estrogenicity) levels of many common and emerging contaminants. The potential effects of EDCs on the water quality and health of biota in streams of the New York City water supply is especially worrisome because more than 150 wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs) are permitted to discharge effluents into surface waters and groundwaters of watersheds that provide potable water to more than 9 million people. In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC), New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), and New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP) began a pilot study to increase the understanding of estrogenicity and EDCs in effluents and receiving streams mainly in southeastern New York. The primary goals of this study were to document and assess the spatial and temporal variability of estrogenicity levels; the effectiveness of various treatment-plant types to remove estrogenicity; the concentrations of hormones, EDCs, and pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs); and the relations between estrogenicity and concentrations of hormones, EDCs, and PPCPs. The levels of estrogenicity and selected hormones, non-hormone EDCs, and PPCPs were characterized in samples collected seasonally in effluents from 7 WWTPs, once or twice in effluents from 34 WWTPs, and once in influents to 6 WWTPs. Estrogenicity was quantified, as estradiol equivalents, using both the biological e-screen assay and a chemical model. Results generally show that (1) estrogenicity levels in effluents varied spatially and seasonally, (2) a wide range of known and unknown EDCs were present in both WWTP effluents and receiving streams, (3) some effluents may be important sources of estrogenicity in weakly diluted streams, (4) measured levels of biological estrogenicity were often higher than estimated levels of chemical estrogenicity, and (5) the type of treatment had a large effect on the removal efficacy, and consequently, the estrogenicity levels observed in treated effluents.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145015","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B.P., Phillips, P., Ernst, A., Gray, J.L., and Hemming, J., 2014, Spatiotemporal variations in estrogenicity, hormones, and endocrine-disrupting compounds in influents and effluents of selected wastewater-treatment plants and receiving streams in New York, 2008-09: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5015, Report: iv, 32 p.; Appendixes 1-2, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145015.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 32 p.; Appendixes 1-2","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-040383","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289048,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145015.jpg"},{"id":289046,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5015/"},{"id":289047,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5015/pdf/sir2014-5015.pdf"},{"id":289160,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5015/appendix/appendix1.xlsx"},{"id":289161,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5015/appendix/appendix2.xlsx"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.0,41.0 ], [ -76.0,45.0 ], [ -72.0,45.0 ], [ -72.0,41.0 ], [ -76.0,41.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53abe155e4b0dad35f8e8ca8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Patrick J. pjphilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pjphilli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ernst, Anne G.","contributorId":37825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ernst","given":"Anne G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635 jlgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":1253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James","email":"jlgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hemming, Jocelyn","contributorId":98641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemming","given":"Jocelyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70111040,"text":"pp1804 - 2014 - Baseline and projected future carbon storage and greenhouse-gas fluxes in ecosystems of the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T13:40:11.599696","indexId":"pp1804","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-25T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1804","title":"Baseline and projected future carbon storage and greenhouse-gas fluxes in ecosystems of the eastern United States","docAbstract":"This assessment was conducted to fulfill the requirements of section 712 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 and to conduct a comprehensive national assessment of storage and flux (flow) of carbon and the fluxes of other greenhouse gases in ecosystems of the Eastern United States. These carbon and greenhouse gas variables were examined for major terrestrial ecosystems (forests, grasslands/shrublands, agricultural lands, and wetlands) and aquatic ecosystems (rivers, streams, lakes, estuaries, and coastal waters) in the Eastern United States in two time periods: baseline (from 2001 through 2005) and future (projections from the end of the baseline through 2050). The Great Lakes were not included in this assessment due to a lack of input data. The assessment was based on measured and observed data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and many other agencies and organizations and used remote sensing, statistical methods, and simulation models.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1804","issn":"2330-7102","isbn":"978-1-4113-3794-7","usgsCitation":"2014, Baseline and projected future carbon storage and greenhouse-gas fluxes in ecosystems of the eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1804, vi, 204 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1804.","productDescription":"vi, 204 p.","numberOfPages":"214","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045915","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289038,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1804.jpg"},{"id":289036,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1804/"},{"id":289037,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1804/pdf/pp1804.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.0,25.0 ], [ -100.0,50.0 ], [ -65.0,50.0 ], [ -65.0,25.0 ], [ -100.0,25.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53abe14fe4b0dad35f8e8c9c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Zhu, Zhi-Liang zzhu@usgs.gov","contributorId":3636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhi-Liang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":509855,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Bradley C. 0000-0002-1132-7178 reed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":2901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bradley","email":"reed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509854,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70110626,"text":"ofr20141103 - 2014 - Hydrostratigraphic interpretation of test-hole and borehole geophysical data, Kimball, Cheyenne, and Deuel Counties, Nebraska, 2011-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-25T11:49:46","indexId":"ofr20141103","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-25T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1103","title":"Hydrostratigraphic interpretation of test-hole and borehole geophysical data, Kimball, Cheyenne, and Deuel Counties, Nebraska, 2011-12","docAbstract":"<p>Recently (2004) adopted legislation in Nebraska requires a sustainable balance between long-term supplies and uses of surface-water and groundwater and requires Natural Resources Districts to understand the effect of groundwater use on surface-water systems when developing a groundwater-management plan. The South Platte Natural Resources District (SPNRD) is located in the southern Nebraska Panhandle and overlies the nationally important High Plains aquifer. Declines in water levels have been documented, and more stringent regulations have been enacted to ensure the supply of ground-water will be sufficient to meet the needs of future generations. Because an improved understanding of the hydrogeologic characteristics of this aquifer system is needed to ensure sustainability of groundwater withdrawals, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the SPNRD, Conservation and Survey Division of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and the Nebraska Environmental Trust, began a hydrogeologic study of the SPNRD to describe the lithology and thickness of the High Plains aquifer. This report documents these characteristics at 29 new test holes, 28 of which were drilled to the base of the High Plains aquifer.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Herein the High Plains aquifer is considered to include all hydrologically connected units of Tertiary and Quaternary age. The depth to the base of aquifer was interpreted to range from 37 to 610 feet in 28 of the 29 test holes. At some locations, particularly northern Kimball County, the base-of-aquifer surface was difficult to interpret from drill cutting samples and borehole geophysical logs. The depth to the base of aquifer determined for test holes drilled for this report was compared with the base-of-aquifer surface interpreted by previous researchers. In general, there were greater differences between the base-of-aquifer elevation reported herein and those in previous studies for areas north of Lodgepole Creek compared to areas south of Lodgepole Creek. The largest difference was at test hole 5-SP-11, where an Ogallala-filled paleovalley prevously had been interpreted based on relatively sparse test-hole data west of 5-SP-11. The base of aquifer near test hole 5-SP-11 reported herein is approximately 230 ft higher in elevation than previously interpreted. Among other test holes that are likely to have been drilled in Ogallala-filled paleovalleys, the greatest difference in the interpreted base of aquifer was for test hole 7-CC-11, northeast of Potter, Nebraska, where the base of aquifer is 180 feet deeper than previously interpreted.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Interpretation of test-hole and borehole geophysical data for 29 additional test holes will improve resource managers’ understanding of the hydrogeologic characteristics, including aquifer thickness. Aquifer thickness, which is related to total water in storage, is not well quantified in the north and south tablelands. The additional hydrostratigraphic interpretations provided in this report will improve the hydrogeologic framework used in current (2014) and future groundwater models, which are the basis for many water-management decisions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141103","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Platte Natural Resources District, Conservation and Survey Division of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and the Nebraska Environmental Trust","usgsCitation":"Hobza, C.M., and Sibray, S.S., 2014, Hydrostratigraphic interpretation of test-hole and borehole geophysical data, Kimball, Cheyenne, and Deuel Counties, Nebraska, 2011-12: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1103, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141103.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054067","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289044,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1103/pdf/ofr2014-1103.pdf"},{"id":289045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141103.jpg"},{"id":289043,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1103/"}],"scale":"750000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0,41.0 ], [ -104.0,41.5 ], [ -102.0,41.5 ], [ -102.0,41.0 ], [ -104.0,41.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53abe154e4b0dad35f8e8ca4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobza, Christopher M. 0000-0002-6239-934X cmhobza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-934X","contributorId":2393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobza","given":"Christopher","email":"cmhobza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sibray, Steven S.","contributorId":88589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibray","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70103478,"text":"fs20143045 - 2014 - Hydrogeologic aspects of the Knippa Gap area in eastern Uvalde and western Medina counties, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T12:31:08","indexId":"fs20143045","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-25T09:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3045","title":"Hydrogeologic aspects of the Knippa Gap area in eastern Uvalde and western Medina counties, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The Edwards aquifer is the primary source of potable water for the San Antonio area in south-central Texas. The Knippa Gap area is a structural low (trough) postulated to channel or restrict flow in the Edwards aquifer in eastern Uvalde and western Medina Counties, Tex. To better understand the function of the Knippa Gap, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, developed the first detailed surficial geologic map of the Knippa Gap area with data and information obtained from previous investigations and field observations. A simplified version of the detailed geologic map depicting the hydrologic units, faulting, and structural dips of the Knippa Gap area is provided in this fact sheet. The map shows that groundwater flow in the Edwards aquifer is influenced by the Balcones Fault Zone, a structurally complex area of the aquifer that contains relay ramps that have formed in extensional fault systems and allowed for deformational changes along fault blocks. Faulting in southeast Uvalde and southwest Medina Counties has produced relay-ramp structures that dip downgradient to the structural low (trough) of the Knippa Gap.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143045","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Lambert, R.B., Clark, A.K., Pedraza, D.E., and Morris, R., 2014, Hydrogeologic aspects of the Knippa Gap area in eastern Uvalde and western Medina counties, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3045, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143045.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055858","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143045.jpg"},{"id":289039,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3045/"},{"id":289040,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3045/pdf/fs2014-3045.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Medina County, Uvalde County","otherGeospatial":"Knippa Gap","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.0,29.0 ], [ -100.0,29.5 ], [ -98.25,29.5 ], [ -98.25,29.0 ], [ -100.0,29.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53abe153e4b0dad35f8e8ca0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lambert, Rebecca B. 0000-0002-0611-1591 blambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-1591","contributorId":1135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Rebecca","email":"blambert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Allan K. 0000-0003-0099-1521 akclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-1521","contributorId":1279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allan","email":"akclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pedraza, Diana E. 0000-0003-4483-8094 dpedraza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4483-8094","contributorId":1281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pedraza","given":"Diana","email":"dpedraza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morris, Robert R. 0000-0001-7504-3732","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7504-3732","contributorId":106213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Robert R.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70114226,"text":"ofr20141102 - 2014 - Hydrologic data for the Obed River watershed, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-24T15:09:23","indexId":"ofr20141102","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-24T14:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1102","title":"Hydrologic data for the Obed River watershed, Tennessee","docAbstract":"<p>The Obed River watershed drains a 520-square-mile area of the Cumberland Plateau physiographic region in the Tennessee River basin. The watershed is underlain by conglomerate, sandstone, and shale of Pennsylvanian age, which overlie Mississippian-age limestone. The larger creeks and rivers of the Obed River system have eroded gorges through the conglomerate and sandstone into the deeper shale. The largest gorges are up to 400 feet deep and are protected by the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act as part of the Obed Wild and Scenic River, which is managed by the National Park Service.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The growing communities of Crossville and Crab Orchard, Tennessee, are located upstream of the gorge areas of the Obed River watershed. The cities used about 5.8 million gallons of water per day for drinking water in 2010 from Lake Holiday and Stone Lake in the Obed River watershed and Meadow Park Lake in the Caney Fork River watershed. The city of Crossville operates a wastewater treatment plant that releases an annual average of about 2.2 million gallons per day of treated effluent to the Obed River, representing as much as 10 to 40 percent of the monthly average streamflow of the Obed River near Lancing about 35 miles downstream, during summer and fall. During the past 50 years (1960–2010), several dozen tributary impoundments and more than 2,000 small farm ponds have been constructed in the Obed River watershed. Synoptic streamflow measurements indicate a tendency towards dampened high flows and slightly increased low flows as the percentage of basin area controlled by impoundments increases.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Knight, R., Wolfe, W., and Law, G.S., 2014, Hydrologic data for the Obed River watershed, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1102, v, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141102.","productDescription":"v, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025047","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289028,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141102.jpg"},{"id":289026,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1102/"},{"id":289027,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1102/pdf/ofr2014-1102.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Obed River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.158333,34.875 ], [ -85.158333,37.125 ], [ -84.625,37.125 ], [ -84.625,34.875 ], [ -85.158333,34.875 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53aa8fd2e4b065055fab1659","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knight, Rodney R. rrknight@usgs.gov","contributorId":2272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Rodney R.","email":"rrknight@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfe, William J. wjwolfe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"William J.","email":"wjwolfe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Law, George S. gslaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"George","email":"gslaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70100469,"text":"sim3294 - 2014 - Geologic map of the Granite 7.5' quadrangle, Lake and Chaffee Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-24T11:26:23","indexId":"sim3294","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-24T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3294","title":"Geologic map of the Granite 7.5' quadrangle, Lake and Chaffee Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The geologic map of the Granite 7.5' quadrangle, Lake and Chaffee Counties, Colorado, portrays the geology in the upper Arkansas valley and along the lower flanks of the Sawatch Range and Mosquito Range near the town of Granite. The oldest rocks, exposed in the southern and eastern parts of the quadrangle, include gneiss and plutonic rocks of Paleoproterozoic age. These rocks are intruded by younger plutonic rocks of Mesoproterozoic age. Felsic hypabyssal dikes, plugs, and plutons, ranging in age from Late Cretaceous or Paleocene to late Oligocene, locally intruded Proterozoic rocks. A small andesite lava flow of upper Oligocene age overlies Paleoproterozoic rock, just south of the Twin Lakes Reservoir. Gravelly fluvial and fan deposits of the Miocene and lower Pliocene(?) Dry Union Formation are preserved in the post-30 Ma upper Arkansas valley graben, a northern extension of the Rio Grande rift. Mostly north-northwest-trending faults displace deposits of the Dry Union Formation and older rock units. Light detection and ranging (lidar) imagery suggests that two short faults, near the Arkansas River, may displace surficial deposits as young as middle Pleistocene.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Surficial deposits of middle Pleistocene to Holocene age are widespread in the Granite quadrangle, particularly in the major valleys and on slopes underlain by the Dry Union Formation. The main deposits are glacial outwash and post-glacial alluvium; mass-movement deposits transported by creep, debris flow, landsliding, and rockfall; till deposited during the Pinedale, Bull Lake, and pre-Bull Lake glaciations; rock-glacier deposits; and placer-tailings deposits formed by hydraulic mining and other mining methods used to concentrate native gold.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Hydrologic and geologic processes locally affect use of the land and locally may be of concern regarding the stability of buildings and infrastructure, chiefly in low-lying areas along and near stream channels and locally in areas of moderate to steep slopes. Low-lying areas along major and minor streams are subject to periodic stream flooding. Mass-movement deposits and deposits of the Dry Union Formation that underlie moderate to steep slopes are locally subject to creep, debris-flow deposition, and landsliding. Proterozoic rocks that underlie steep slopes are locally subject to rockfall.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Sand and gravel resources for construction and other uses in and near the Granite quadrangle are present in outwash-terrace deposits of middle and late Pleistocene age along the Arkansas River and along tributary streams in glaciated valleys.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3294","usgsCitation":"Shroba, R.R., Kellogg, K., and Brandt, T.R., 2014, Geologic map of the Granite 7.5' quadrangle, Lake and Chaffee Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3294, Report: v, 31 p.; 2 Map Sheets: 31.17 x 36.65 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3294.","productDescription":"Report: v, 31 p.; 2 Map Sheets: 31.17 x 36.65 inches; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042385","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3294.jpg"},{"id":289020,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3294/"},{"id":289022,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3294/pdf/sim3294.pdf"},{"id":289023,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3294/downloads/sim3294_map_hillshade.pdf"},{"id":289024,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3294/downloads/sim3294_map.pdf"},{"id":289025,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3294/downloads/"}],"scale":"24000","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Chaffee County;Lake County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.375,39.0 ], [ -106.375,39.125 ], [ -106.25,39.125 ], [ -106.25,39.0 ], [ -106.375,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53aa8fd1e4b065055fab1657","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shroba, Ralph R. 0000-0002-2664-1813 rshroba@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-1813","contributorId":1266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroba","given":"Ralph","email":"rshroba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kellogg, Karl S.","contributorId":89896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Karl S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R. 0000-0002-7862-9082 tbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-9082","contributorId":1267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore","email":"tbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70111229,"text":"ofr20141110 - 2014 - Estuarine monitoring programs in the Albemarle Sound study area, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T16:46:12","indexId":"ofr20141110","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-24T10:52:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1110","title":"Estuarine monitoring programs in the Albemarle Sound study area, North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>Albemarle Sound was selected in 2012 as one of the two demonstration sites in the Nation to test and improve the design of the National Water Quality Monitoring Council&rsquo;s National Monitoring Network (NMN) for U.S. Coastal Waters and their tributaries. The goal of the NMN for U.S. coastal waters and tributaries is to provide information about the health of our oceans and coastal ecosystems and inland influences on coastal waters for improved resource management. The NMN is an integrated, multidisciplinary, and multiorganizational program using multiple sources of data and information to augment current monitoring programs.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The purpose of this report is to identify major natural resource management issues for the region, provide information on current monitoring activities occurring within the Albemarle Sound study area, determine how the current monitoring network fits into the design of the NMN, and determine what additional monitoring data are needed to address these issues. In order to address these questions, a shapefile and data table were created to document monitoring and research programs in the Albemarle Sound study area with an emphasis on current monitoring programs within the region. This database was queried to determine monitoring gaps that existed in the Albemarle Sound by comparing current monitoring programs with the design indicated by the NMN. The report uses this information to provide recommendations on how monitoring could be improved in the Albemarle Sound study area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S, Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141110","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with the Albemarle-Pamlico National Estuarine Program as part of the National Monitoring Network for U.S. Coastal Waters and their Tributaries","usgsCitation":"Moorman, M., Kolb, K.R., and Supak, S., 2014, Estuarine monitoring programs in the Albemarle Sound study area, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1110, Report: ix, 38 p.; AlbeMonTable2013; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141110.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 38 p.; AlbeMonTable2013; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055470","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141110.jpg"},{"id":289015,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1110/pdf/ofr2014-1110.pdf"},{"id":289016,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1110/table/ofr2014-1110_table2013-AlbeMon.xlsx"},{"id":289017,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1110/downloads"},{"id":289018,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1110/"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Albemarle Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.0,34.75 ], [ -78.0,37.5 ], [ -75.0,37.5 ], [ -75.0,34.75 ], [ -78.0,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53aa8fcfe4b065055fab1655","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moorman, Michelle","contributorId":60329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moorman","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolb, Katharine R. 0000-0002-1663-1662 kkolb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1663-1662","contributorId":16299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolb","given":"Katharine","email":"kkolb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Supak, Stacy","contributorId":9579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Supak","given":"Stacy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70137462,"text":"70137462 - 2014 - How complete is the ISC-GEM Global Earthquake Catalog?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-08T09:00:02","indexId":"70137462","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-24T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How complete is the ISC-GEM Global Earthquake Catalog?","docAbstract":"<p>The International Seismological Centre, in collaboration with the Global Earthquake Model effort, has released a new global earthquake catalog, covering the time period from 1900 through the end of 2009. In order to use this catalog for global earthquake studies, I determined the magnitude of completeness (<i>M<sub>c</sub></i>) as a function of time by dividing the earthquakes shallower than 60 km into 7 time periods based on major changes in catalog processing and data availability and applying 4 objective methods to determine <i>M<sub>c</sub></i>, with uncertainties determined by non-parametric bootstrapping. Deeper events were divided into 2 time periods. Due to differences between the 4 methods, the final <i>M<sub>c</sub></i>&nbsp;was determined subjectively by examining the features that each method focused on in both the cumulative and binned magnitude frequency distributions. The time periods and <i>M<sub>c</sub></i> values for shallow events are: 1900-1917, <i>M<sub>c</sub></i>=7.7; 1918-1939, <i>M<sub>c</sub></i>=7.0; 1940-1954, <i>M<sub>c</sub></i>=6.8; 1955-1963, <i>M<sub>c</sub></i>=6.5; 1964-1975, <i>M<sub>c</sub></i>=6.0; 1976-2003, <i>M<sub>c</sub></i>=5.8; and 2004-2009, <i>M<sub>c</sub></i>=5.7. Using these <i>M<sub>c</sub></i> values for the longest time periods they are valid for (e.g. 1918-2009, 1940-2009,&hellip;) the shallow data fits a Gutenberg-Richter distribution with <i>b</i>=1.05 and <i>a</i>=8.3, within 1 standard deviation, with no declustering. The exception is for time periods that include 1900-1917 in which there are only 33 events with <strong>M</strong>&ge; <i>M<sub>c</sub></i> and for those few data <i>b</i>=2.15&plusmn;0.46. That result calls for further investigations for this time period, ideally having a larger number of earthquakes. For deep events, the results are <i>M<sub>c</sub></i>=7.1 for 1900-1963, although the early data are problematic; and <i>M<sub>c</sub></i>=5.7 for 1964-2009. For that later time period, <i>b</i>=0.99 and <i>a</i>=7.3.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120130227","usgsCitation":"Michael, A.J., 2014, How complete is the ISC-GEM Global Earthquake Catalog?: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 104, no. 4, p. 1829-1837, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130227.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1829","endPage":"1837","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050956","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297061,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297059,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/content/104/4/1829.abstract"}],"volume":"104","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bc6e4b08de9379b34c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michael, Andrew J. 0000-0002-2403-5019 michael@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":1280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"Andrew","email":"michael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70107417,"text":"fs20143050 - 2014 - Using state-of-the-art technology to evaluate saltwater intrusion in the Biscayne aquifer of Miami-Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-23T16:21:48","indexId":"fs20143050","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-23T16:17:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3050","title":"Using state-of-the-art technology to evaluate saltwater intrusion in the Biscayne aquifer of Miami-Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"The fresh groundwater supplies of many communities have been adversely affected or limited by saltwater intrusion. An insufficient understanding of the origin of intruded saltwater may lead to inefficient or ineffective water-resource management. A 2008–2012 cooperative U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Miami-Dade County study of saltwater intrusion describes state-of-the art technology used to evaluate the origin and distribution of this saltwater.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143050","issn":"2327-6932","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Miami-Dade County","usgsCitation":"Prinos, S.T., 2014, Using state-of-the-art technology to evaluate saltwater intrusion in the Biscayne aquifer of Miami-Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3050, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143050.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049448","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143050.jpg"},{"id":289012,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3050/"},{"id":289013,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3050/pdf/fs2014-3050.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-dade County","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.666667,25.333333 ], [ -80.666667,26.0 ], [ -80.166667,26.0 ], [ -80.166667,25.333333 ], [ -80.666667,25.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53a93e52e4b0f1f8e2fa8652","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prinos, Scott T. 0000-0002-5776-8956 stprinos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5776-8956","contributorId":4045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinos","given":"Scott","email":"stprinos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70114060,"text":"70114060 - 2014 - Soil fluxes of methane, nitrous oxide, and nitric oxide from aggrading forests in coastal Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-24T17:34:30","indexId":"70114060","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-23T15:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3416,"text":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil fluxes of methane, nitrous oxide, and nitric oxide from aggrading forests in coastal Oregon","docAbstract":"Soil exchanges of greenhouse and other gases are poorly known for Pacific Northwest forests where gradients in nutrient availability and soil moisture may contribute to large variations in fluxes. Here we report fluxes of methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), and nitric oxide (NO) over multiple seasons from three naturally N-rich, aggrading forests of coastal Oregon, USA. Mean methane uptake rates (3.2 mg CH<sub>4</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>) were high compared with forests globally, negatively related to water-filled pore space (WFPS), but unrelated to N availability or temperature. Emissions of NO (6.0 μg NO–N m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>) exceeded N<sub>2</sub>O (1.4 μg N<sub>2</sub>O–N m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>), except when WFPS surpassed 55%. Spatial variation in NO fluxes correlated positively with soil nitrate concentrations (which generally exceeded ammonium concentrations, indicating the overall high N status for the sites) and negatively with soil pH, and at one site increased with basal area of N<sub>2</sub>-fixing red alder. Combined NO and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were greatest from the site with highest annual net N mineralization and lowest needle litterfall C/N. Our findings of high CH<sub>4</sub> uptake and NO/N<sub>2</sub>O ratios generally >1 most likely reflect the high porosity of the andic soils underlying the widespread regenerating forests in this seasonally wet region.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.05.024","usgsCitation":"Erickson, H.E., and Perakis, S., 2014, Soil fluxes of methane, nitrous oxide, and nitric oxide from aggrading forests in coastal Oregon: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 76, p. 268-277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.05.024.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"268","endPage":"277","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-024818","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Northwest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.61,41.99 ], [ -124.61,46.29 ], [ -119.93,46.29 ], [ -119.93,41.99 ], [ -124.61,41.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"76","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53a93e52e4b0f1f8e2fa8650","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, Heather E.","contributorId":10725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. 0000-0003-0703-9314","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-9314","contributorId":16797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70104184,"text":"sir20145082 - 2014 - Evaluation of groundwater and surface-water interactions in the Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area, Caddo County, Oklahoma, 2010-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-23T13:19:50","indexId":"sir20145082","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-23T13:07:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5082","title":"Evaluation of groundwater and surface-water interactions in the Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area, Caddo County, Oklahoma, 2010-13","docAbstract":"<p>Streamflows, springs, and wetlands are important natural and cultural resources to the Caddo Nation. Consequently, the Caddo Nation is concerned about the vulnerability of the Rush Springs aquifer to overdrafting and whether the aquifer will continue to be a viable source of water to tribal members and other local residents in the future. Interest in the long-term viability of local water resources has resulted in ongoing development of a comprehensive water plan by the Caddo Nation. As part of a multiyear project with the Caddo Nation to provide information and tools to better manage and protect water resources, the U.S. Geological Survey studied the hydraulic connection between the Rush Springs aquifer and springs and streams overlying the aquifer.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area is located in southwestern Oklahoma, primarily in Caddo County. Underlying the Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area is the Permian-age Rush Springs aquifer. Water from the Rush Springs aquifer is used for irrigation, public, livestock and aquaculture, and other supply purposes. Groundwater from the Rush Springs aquifer also is withdrawn by domestic (self-supplied) wells, although domestic use was not included in the water-use summary in this report. Perennial streamflow in many streams and creeks overlying the Rush Springs aquifer, such as Cobb Creek, Lake Creek, and Willow Creek, originates from springs and seeps discharging from the aquifer.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This report provides information on the evaluation of groundwater and surface-water resources in the Caddo Nation Jurisdictional Area, and in particular, information that describes the hydraulic connection between the Rush Springs aquifer and springs and streams overlying the aquifer. This report also includes data and analyses of base flow, evidence for groundwater and surface-water interactions, locations of springs and wetland areas, groundwater flows interpreted from potentiometric-surface maps, and hydrographs of water levels monitored in the Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area from 2010 to 2013.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Flow in streams overlying the Rush Springs aquifer, on average, were composed of 50 percent base flow in most years. Monthly mean base flow appeared to maintain streamflows throughout each year, but periods of zero flow were documented in daily hydrographs at each measured site, typically in the summer months.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>A pneumatic slug-test technique was used at 15 sites to determine the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of streambed sediments in streams overlying the Rush Springs aquifer. Converting horizontal hydraulic conductivities (Kh) from the slug-test analyses to vertical hydraulic conductivities (Kv) by using a ratio of Kv/Kh = 0.1 resulted in estimates of vertical streambed hydraulic conductivity ranging from 0.1 to 8.6 feet per day. Data obtained from a hydraulic potentiomanometer in streambed sediments and streams in August 2012 indicate that water flow was from the streambed sediments to the stream (gaining) at 6 of 15 sites, and that water flow was from the stream to the streambed sediments (losing) at 9 of 15 sites.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The groundwater and surface-water interaction data collected at the Cobb Creek near Eakly, Okla., streamflow gaging station (07325800), indicate that the bedrock groundwater, alluvial groundwater, and surface-water resources are closely connected. Because of this hydrologic connection, large perennial streams in the study area may change from gaining to losing streams in the summer. The timing and severity of this change from a gaining to a losing condition probably is affected by the local or regional withdrawal of groundwater for irrigation in the summer growing season. Wells placed closer to streams have a greater and more immediate effect on alluvial groundwater levels and stream stages than wells placed farther from streams. Large-capacity irrigation wells, even those completed hundreds of feet below land surface in the bedrock aquifer, can induce surface-water flow from nearby streams by lowering alluvial groundwater levels below the stream altitude.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Twenty-five new springs visible from public roads and paths were documented during a survey of springs in 2011. Most of the springs are in upland draws on the flanks of topographic ridges. Wetlands primarily were identified by using a combination of data sources including the National Wetlands Inventory, Soil Survey Geographic database frequently flooded soils maps, and aerial photographs.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Regional flow directions were determined by analysis of water levels measured in 29 wells completed in the Rush 2 Springs aquifer in Caddo County and the Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area. Water levels were monitored every 30 minutes in five wells by using a vented pressure transducer and a data-collection platform with real-time transmitting equipment in each well. Those five wells ranged in depth from 210 to 350 feet. Water levels in these five wells indicate that there was a decrease in water storage in the Rush Springs aquifer from October 2010 to June 2013.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145082","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Caddo Nation, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Mashburn, S.L., and Smith, S.J., 2014, Evaluation of groundwater and surface-water interactions in the Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area, Caddo County, Oklahoma, 2010-13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5082, ix, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145082.","productDescription":"ix, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050683","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289007,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145082.jpg"},{"id":289004,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5082/"},{"id":289006,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5082/pdf/sir2014-5082.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Caddo County","otherGeospatial":"Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.8,34.994 ], [ -98.8,35.7978 ], [ -97.8003,35.7978 ], [ -97.8003,34.994 ], [ -98.8,34.994 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53a93e51e4b0f1f8e2fa864c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mashburn, Shana L. 0000-0001-5163-778X shanam@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5163-778X","contributorId":2140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mashburn","given":"Shana","email":"shanam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, S. Jerrod 0000-0002-9379-8167 sjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-8167","contributorId":981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"sjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jerrod","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70105048,"text":"sir20145096 - 2014 - Contaminants of emerging concern in ambient groundwater in urbanized areas of Minnesota, 2009-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-11T10:29:46","indexId":"sir20145096","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-23T13:04:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5096","title":"Contaminants of emerging concern in ambient groundwater in urbanized areas of Minnesota, 2009-12","docAbstract":"<p>A study of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in ambient groundwater in urbanized areas of Minnesota was completed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. For this study, water samples were collected from November 2009 through June 2012 from 118 wells located in different land-use settings. The sampled wells primarily were screened in vulnerable sand and gravel aquifers (surficial and buried glacial aquifers) or vulnerable bedrock aquifers such as the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer. Sampled well depths ranged from 9 to 285 feet below land surface. Water samples were collected by Minnesota Pollution Control Agency staff. The water samples were analyzed at U.S. Geological Survey laboratories for steroidal hormones, human-use pharmaceutical compounds, human- and animal-use antibiotics, and a broad suite of organic chemicals associated with wastewater. Reported detections were censored and not counted as detections in the data analyses if the chemical was detected in a laboratory or field blank at a similar concentration.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>During this study, 38 out of 127 CECs analyzed were detected among all water samples collected. Three of the detected CECs, however, were analyzed using two different analytical methods, so 35 distinct chemicals were detected. The number of detections of CECs in individual water samples ranged from 0 to 10. The three wells in proximity to landfills had the most CEC detections. One or more CECs were detected in a total of 43 samples (35 percent); no CECs were detected in 80 samples.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Of the 127 CECs included for analysis in this study, 28 have established enforceable or non-enforceable health-based water-quality standards or benchmarks. Fourteen of the 35 chemicals detected in this study have established water-quality standards, whereas 21 of the chemicals detected have no established standard or benchmark. All detections in this study were less than established health-based water-quality standards, although p-cresol was detected at a concentration nearing a health-based water quality standard. Four of the six most frequently detected chemicals&mdash;azithromycin, diphenhydramine, tributyl phosphate, and lincomycin&mdash;have no health-based water-quality standards or benchmarks.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The antibiotic sulfamethoxazole was the most frequently detected CEC, detected in a total of 14 of 123 samples (11.4 percent) by one or both analytical methods that include sulfamethoxazole as an analyte. Most (11 of 14, or 79 percent) of the detections of sulfamethoxazole were in samples from domestic wells or monitoring wells located in areas where septic systems or potentially leaking centralized sewers are prevalent. The chemical N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) was detected at the highest concentration of any CEC, at 7.9 micrograms per liter. Bisphenol A was detected second most frequently of all chemicals. DEET and Bisphenol A were detected most frequently in wells in proximity to closed landfills. Samples from bedrock wells, most of which are drinking water wells that are deeper than glacial wells, had a higher percentage of wells with CEC detections compared to samples from wells completed in glacial aquifers. The higher dissolved oxygen concentrations and lower specific conductance for the bedrock wells sampled indicate shorter duration flow paths from the land surface to these wells than for wells completed in glacial aquifers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145096","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Erickson, M., Langer, S.K., Roth, J.L., and Kroening, S.E., 2014, Contaminants of emerging concern in ambient groundwater in urbanized areas of Minnesota, 2009-12 (Version 1: Originally posted June, 2014; Version. 1.2, September, 2014): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5096, Report: vii, 38 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145096.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 38 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-042339","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289005,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145096.jpg"},{"id":289003,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5096/"},{"id":298417,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5096/pdf/sir2014-5096.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298418,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5096/downloads/appendix_tables.xls","text":"Appendix","size":"357 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix","linkHelpText":"Appendix tables 1–1 through 1–5"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.0,43.0 ], [ -98.0,49.5 ], [ -90.0,49.5 ], [ -90.0,43.0 ], [ -98.0,43.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1: Originally posted June, 2014; Version. 1.2, September, 2014","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53a93e50e4b0f1f8e2fa864a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, Melinda L. 0000-0002-1117-2866 merickso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1117-2866","contributorId":3671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Melinda L.","email":"merickso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langer, Susan K. slanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":107824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"Susan","email":"slanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roth, Jason L. 0000-0001-5440-2775 jroth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5440-2775","contributorId":4789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"Jason","email":"jroth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kroening, Sharon E.","contributorId":67868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroening","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70114021,"text":"70114021 - 2014 - W(h)ither the Oracle? Cognitive biases and other human challenges of integrated environmental modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-23T11:04:35","indexId":"70114021","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-23T10:56:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"W(h)ither the Oracle? Cognitive biases and other human challenges of integrated environmental modeling","docAbstract":"Integrated environmental modeling (IEM) can organize and increase our knowledge of the complex, dynamic ecosystems that house our natural resources and control the quality of our environments. Human behavior, however, must be taken into account. Human biases/heuristics reflect adaptation over our evolutionary past to frequently experienced situations that affected our survival and that provided sharply distinguished feedbacks at the level of the individual. Unfortunately, human behavior is not adapted to the more diffusely experienced, less frequently encountered, problems and issues that IEM typically seeks to address in the simulation of natural resources and environments. While seeking inspiration from the prophetic traditions of the Oracle of Delphi, several human biases are identified that may affect how the science base of IEM is assembled, and how IEM results are interpreted and used. These biases are supported by personal observations, and by the findings of behavioral scientists. A process for critical analysis is proposed that solicits explicit accounting and cognizance of potential human biases. A number of suggestions are made to address the human challenges of IEM, in addition to maintaining attitudes of watchful humility, open-mindedness, honesty, and transparent accountability. These include creating a new area of study in the behavioral biogeosciences, using structured processes for engaging the modeling and stakeholder community in IEM, and using “red teams” to increase resilience of IEM constructs and use.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software, June 15-19, San Diego, California, USA","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Environmental Modelling and Software Society","usgsCitation":"Glynn, P.D., 2014, W(h)ither the Oracle? Cognitive biases and other human challenges of integrated environmental modeling, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software, June 15-19, San Diego, California, USA, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-056797","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289002,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289001,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.iemss.org/sites/iemss2014/proceedings.php"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53a93e53e4b0f1f8e2fa8654","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ames, D.P.","contributorId":114068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ames","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509908,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quinn, N. W. T.","contributorId":112734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"W. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509906,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rizzoli, A.E.","contributorId":113184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizzoli","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509907,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Glynn, Pierre D. 0000-0001-8804-7003 pglynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7003","contributorId":2141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","email":"pglynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70114016,"text":"70114016 - 2014 - Morphology, ecology and biogeography of <i>Stauroneis pachycephala</i> P.T. Cleve (Bacillariophyta) and its transfer to the genus <i>Envekadea</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-07T13:27:58","indexId":"70114016","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-23T10:16:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1388,"text":"Diatom Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphology, ecology and biogeography of <i>Stauroneis pachycephala</i> P.T. Cleve (Bacillariophyta) and its transfer to the genus <i>Envekadea</i>","docAbstract":"<i>Stauroneis pachycephala</i> was described in 1881 from the Baakens River, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Recently, it was found during surveys of the MacKenzie River (Victoria, Australia), the Florida Everglades (USA) and coastal marshes of Louisiana (USA). The morphology, ecology and geographic distribution of this species are described in this article. This naviculoid species is characterised by lanceolate valves with a gibbous centre, a sigmoid raphe, an axial area narrowing toward the valve ends, and capitate valve apices. The central area is a distinct stauros that is slightly widened near the valve margin. The raphe is straight and filiform, and the terminal raphe fissures are strongly deflected in opposite directions. Striae are fine and radiate in the middle of the valve, becoming parallel and eventually convergent toward the valve ends. The external surface of the valves and copulae is smooth and lacks ornamentation. We also examined the type material of <i>S. pachycephala</i>. Our observations show this species has morphological characteristics that fit within the genus Envekadea. Therefore, the transfer of <i>S. pachycephala</i> to <i>Envekadea</i> is proposed and a lectotype is designated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diatom Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/0269249X.2014.927006","usgsCitation":"Atazadeh, I., Edlund, M.B., van de Vijver, B., Mills, K., Spaulding, S.A., Gell, P.A., Crawford, S., Barton, A., Lee, S.S., Smith, K., Newall, P., and Potapova, M., 2014, Morphology, ecology and biogeography of <i>Stauroneis pachycephala</i> P.T. Cleve (Bacillariophyta) and its transfer to the genus <i>Envekadea</i>: Diatom Research, v. 29, no. 4, p. 455-464, https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2014.927006.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"455","endPage":"464","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-055781","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/508853/1/Atazadeh%20et%20al%20%282014%29.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":288999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289000,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2014.927006"}],"country":"Australia;South Africa;United States","state":"Florida;Louisiana;Victoria","city":"Port Elizabeth","otherGeospatial":"Baakens River;Everglades;Mackenzie River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b7b1bfe4b0388651d9182a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atazadeh, Islam","contributorId":24281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atazadeh","given":"Islam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edlund, Mark B.","contributorId":104335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edlund","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van de Vijver, Bart","contributorId":54892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van de Vijver","given":"Bart","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mills, Keely","contributorId":34049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"Keely","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spaulding, Sarah A. 0000-0002-9787-7743 sspaulding@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-7743","contributorId":1157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"Sarah","email":"sspaulding@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gell, Peter A.","contributorId":66602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gell","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crawford, Simon","contributorId":42141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Simon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barton, Andrew F.","contributorId":85513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Andrew F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lee, Sylvia S.","contributorId":41746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Sylvia","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Smith, Kathryn E. L.","contributorId":20860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathryn E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Newall, Peter","contributorId":101564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newall","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Potapova, Marina","contributorId":89274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potapova","given":"Marina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70113713,"text":"70113713 - 2014 - Assessing and addressing the re-eutrophication of Lake Erie: central basin hypoxia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-23T10:02:11","indexId":"70113713","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-23T09:54:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing and addressing the re-eutrophication of Lake Erie: central basin hypoxia","docAbstract":"Relieving phosphorus loading is a key management tool for controlling Lake Erie eutrophication. During the 1960s and 1970s, increased phosphorus inputs degraded water quality and reduced central basin hypolimnetic oxygen levels which, in turn, eliminated thermal habitat vital to cold-water organisms and contributed to the extirpation of important benthic macroinvertebrate prey species for fishes. In response to load reductions initiated in 1972, Lake Erie responded quickly with reduced water-column phosphorus concentrations, phytoplankton biomass, and bottom-water hypoxia (dissolved oxygen < 2 mg/l). Since the mid-1990s, cyanobacteria blooms increased and extensive hypoxia and benthic algae returned. We synthesize recent research leading to guidance for addressing this re-eutrophication, with particular emphasis on central basin hypoxia. We document recent trends in key eutrophication-related properties, assess their likely ecological impacts, and develop load response curves to guide revised hypoxia-based loading targets called for in the 2012 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. Reducing central basin hypoxic area to levels observed in the early 1990s (ca. 2000 km<sup>2</sup>) requires cutting total phosphorus loads by 46% from the 2003–2011 average or reducing dissolved reactive phosphorus loads by 78% from the 2005–2011 average. Reductions to these levels are also protective of fish habitat. We provide potential approaches for achieving those new loading targets, and suggest that recent load reduction recommendations focused on western basin cyanobacteria blooms may not be sufficient to reduce central basin hypoxia to 2000 km<sup>2</sup>.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2014.02.004","usgsCitation":"Scavia, D., Allan, J., Arend, K.K., Bartell, S., Beletsky, D., Bosch, N.S., Brandt, S.B., Briland, R.D., Daloglu, I., DePinto, J.V., Dolan, D.M., Evans, M., Farmer, T.M., Goto, D., Han, H., Hook, T.O., Knight, R., Ludsin, S.A., Mason, D., Michalak, A.M., Richards, R.P., Roberts, J., Rucinski, D.K., Rutherford, E., Schwab, D.J., Sesterhenn, T.M., Zhang, H., and Zhou, Y., 2014, Assessing and addressing the re-eutrophication of Lake Erie: central basin hypoxia: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 40, no. 2, p. 226-246, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2014.02.004.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"226","endPage":"246","numberOfPages":"21","ipdsId":"IP-051659","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2014.02.004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":288997,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288996,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2014.02.004"}],"country":"Canada;United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes;Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.98,39.99 ], [ -85.98,44.31 ], [ -77.46,44.31 ], [ -77.46,39.99 ], [ -85.98,39.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53a93e4fe4b0f1f8e2fa8648","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scavia, Donald","contributorId":19068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scavia","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allan, J. 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,{"id":70114010,"text":"70114010 - 2014 - Males exceed females in PCB concentrations of cisco (<i>Coregonus artedi</i>) from Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-23T09:48:02","indexId":"70114010","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-23T09:37:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Males exceed females in PCB concentrations of cisco (<i>Coregonus artedi</i>) from Lake Superior","docAbstract":"We determined whole-fish polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations of 25 male and 25 female age-7 ciscoes (<i>Coregonus artedi</i>) captured from a spawning aggregation in Thunder Bay, Lake Superior, during November 2010. We also determined PCB concentrations in the ovaries and somatic tissue of five additional female ciscoes (ages 5–22). All 55 of these ciscoes were in ripe or nearly ripe condition. Bioenergetics modeling was used to determine the contribution of the growth dilution effect toward a difference in PCB concentrations between the sexes, as females grew substantially faster than males. Results showed that the PCB concentration of males (mean = 141 ng/g) was 43% greater than that of females (mean = 98 ng/g), and this difference was highly significant (P < 0.0001). Mean PCB concentrations in the ovaries and the somatic tissue of the five females were 135 and 100 ng/g, respectively. Based on these PCB determinations for the ovaries and somatic tissue, we concluded that release of eggs by females at previous spawnings was not a contributing factor to the observed difference in PCB concentrations between the sexes. Bioenergetics modeling results indicated that the growth dilution effect could explain males being higher than females in PCB concentration by only 3–7%. We concluded that the higher PCB concentration in males was most likely due to higher rate of energy expenditure, originating from greater activity and a higher resting metabolic rate. Mean PCB concentration in the cisco eggs was well below the U. S. Food and Drug Administration and Ontario Ministry of Environment guidelines of 2000 and 844 ng/g, respectively, and this finding may have implications for the cisco roe fishery currently operating in Lake Superior.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.007","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., Yule, D., Chernyak, S.M., Begnoche, L.J., Berglund, E., and Isaac, E.J., 2014, Males exceed females in PCB concentrations of cisco (<i>Coregonus artedi</i>) from Lake Superior: Science of the Total Environment, v. 493, p. 377-383, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.007.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"383","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-053523","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288995,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288994,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.007"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior;Thunder Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.427845,48.197845 ], [ -89.427845,48.601254 ], [ -88.694546,48.601254 ], [ -88.694546,48.197845 ], [ -89.427845,48.197845 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"493","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53a93e51e4b0f1f8e2fa864e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yule, Daniel L.","contributorId":92130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chernyak, Sergei M.","contributorId":98668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chernyak","given":"Sergei","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Begnoche, Linda J. lbegnoche@usgs.gov","contributorId":4236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Begnoche","given":"Linda","email":"lbegnoche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Berglund, Eric K.","contributorId":67012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berglund","given":"Eric K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Isaac, Edmund J.","contributorId":64120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaac","given":"Edmund","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
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