{"pageNumber":"1312","pageRowStart":"32775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165309,"records":[{"id":70095563,"text":"sir20145032 - 2014 - Simulation of the effects of rainfall and groundwater use on historical lake water levels, groundwater levels, and spring flows in central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T12:47:57","indexId":"sir20145032","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T12:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5032","title":"Simulation of the effects of rainfall and groundwater use on historical lake water levels, groundwater levels, and spring flows in central Florida","docAbstract":"<p>The urbanization of central Florida has progressed substantially in recent decades, and the total population in Lake, Orange, Osceola, Polk, and Seminole Counties more than quadrupled from 1960 to 2010. The Floridan aquifer system is the primary source of water for potable, industrial, and agricultural purposes in central Florida. Despite increases in groundwater withdrawals to meet the demand of population growth, recharge derived by infiltration of rainfall in the well-drained karst terrain of central Florida is the largest component of the long-term water balance of the Floridan aquifer system. To complement existing physics-based groundwater flow models, artificial neural networks and other data-mining techniques were used to simulate historical lake water level, groundwater level, and spring flow at sites throughout the area.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Historical data were examined using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, and other exploratory analysis techniques to assess their suitability for more intensive data-mining analysis. Linear trend analyses of meteorological data collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration at 21 sites indicate 67 percent of sites exhibited upward trends in air temperature over at least a 45-year period of record, whereas 76 percent exhibited downward trends in rainfall over at least a 95-year period of record. Likewise, linear trend analyses of hydrologic response data, which have varied periods of record ranging in length from 10 to 79 years, indicate that water levels in lakes (307 sites) were about evenly split between upward and downward trends, whereas water levels in 69 percent of wells (out of 455 sites) and flows in 68 percent of springs (out of 19 sites) exhibited downward trends. Total groundwater use in the study area increased from about 250 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) in 1958 to about 590 Mgal/d in 1980 and remained relatively stable from 1981 to 2008, with a minimum of 559 Mgal/d in 1994 and a maximum of 773 Mgal/d in 2000. The change in groundwater-use trend in the early 1980s and the following period of relatively slight trend is attributable to the concomitant effects of increasing public-supply withdrawals and decreasing use of water by the phosphate industry and agriculture.</p>\n<br>\n<p>On the basis of available historical data and exploratory analyses, empirical lake water-level, groundwater-level, and spring-flow models were developed for 22 lakes, 23 wells, and 6 springs. Input time series consisting of various frequencies and frequency-band components of daily rainfall (1942 to 2008) and monthly total groundwater use (1957 to 2008) resulted in hybrid signal-decomposition artificial neural network models. The final models explained much of the variability in observed hydrologic data, with 43 of the 51 sites having coefficients of determination exceeding 0.6, and the models matched the magnitude of the observed data reasonably well, such that models for 32 of the 51 sites had root-mean-square errors less than 10 percent of the measured range of the data. The Central Florida Artificial Neural Network Decision Support System was developed to integrate historical databases and the 102 site-specific artificial neural network models, model controls, and model output into a spreadsheet application with a graphical user interface that allows the user to simulate scenarios of interest.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Overall, the data-mining analyses indicate that the Floridan aquifer system in central Florida is a highly conductive, dynamic, open system that is strongly influenced by external forcing. The most important external forcing appears to be rainfall, which explains much of the multiyear cyclic variability and long-term downward trends observed in lake water levels, groundwater levels, and spring flows. For most sites, groundwater use explains less of the observed variability in water levels and flows than rainfall. Relative groundwater-use impacts are greater during droughts, however, and long-term trends in water levels and flows were identified that are consistent with historical groundwater-use patterns. The sensitivity of the hydrologic system to rainfall is expected, owing to the well-drained karst terrain and relatively thin confinement of the Floridan aquifer system in much of central Florida. These characteristics facilitate the relatively rapid transmission of infiltrating water from rainfall to the water table and contribute to downward leakage of water to the Floridan aquifer system. The areally distributed nature of rainfall, as opposed to the site-specific nature of groundwater use, and the generally high transmissivity and low storativity properties of the semiconfined Floridan aquifer system contribute to the prevalence of water-level and flow patterns that mimic rainfall patterns. In general, the data-mining analyses demonstrate that the hydrologic system in central Florida is affected by groundwater use differently during wet periods, when little or no system storage is available (high water levels), compared to dry periods, when there is excess system storage (low water levels). Thus, by driving the overall behavior of the system, rainfall indirectly influences the degree to which groundwater use will effect persistent trends in water levels and flows, with groundwater-use impacts more prevalent during periods of low water levels and spring flows caused by low rainfall and less prevalent during periods of high water levels and spring flows caused by high rainfall. Differences in the magnitudes of rainfall and groundwater use during wet and dry periods also are important determinants of hydrologic response.</p>\n<br>\n<p>An important implication of the data-mining analyses is that rainfall variability at subannual to multidecadal timescales must be considered in combination with groundwater use to provide robust system-response predictions that enhance sustainable resource management in an open karst aquifer system. The data-driven approach was limited, however, by the confounding effects of correlation between rainfall and groundwater use, the quality and completeness of the historical databases, and the spatial variations in groundwater use. The data-mining analyses indicate that available historical data when used alone do not contain sufficient information to definitively quantify the related individual effects of rainfall and groundwater use on hydrologic response. The knowledge gained from data-driven modeling and the results from physics-based modeling, when compared and used in combination, can yield a more comprehensive assessment and a more robust understanding of the hydrologic system than either of the approaches used separately.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145032","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the St. Johns River Water Management District, Southwest Florida Water Management District, and South Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"O’Reilly, A.M., Roehl, E.A., Conrads, P., Daamen, R.C., and Petkewich, M.D., 2014, Simulation of the effects of rainfall and groundwater use on historical lake water levels, groundwater levels, and spring flows in central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5032, Report: xi, 153 p.; Appendix 1: ZIP; Appendix 2: XLSX; Appendix 3: PDF; Appendix 6: ZIP; Appendix 7: XLSX, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145032.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 153 p.; Appendix 1: ZIP; Appendix 2: XLSX; Appendix 3: PDF; Appendix 6: ZIP; Appendix 7: XLSX","numberOfPages":"169","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049051","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288816,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145032.jpg"},{"id":288811,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/appendix/sir2014-5032_appendix1-v2.5.zip"},{"id":288812,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/appendix/sir2014-5032_appendix2-gudv.xlsx"},{"id":288809,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/"},{"id":288810,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/pdf/sir2014-5032.pdf"},{"id":288813,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/appendix/sir2014-5032_appendix3_tableA3-1.pdf"},{"id":288814,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/appendix/sir2014-5032_appendix6-cfann-dss20120924.zip"},{"id":288815,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/appendix/sir2014-5032_appendix7-mdv.xlsx"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.0,28.0 ], [ -82.0,29.0 ], [ -81.0,29.0 ], [ -81.0,28.0 ], [ -82.0,28.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae782ce4b0abf75cf2ccb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Reilly, Andrew M. 0000-0003-3220-1248 aoreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-1248","contributorId":2184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"Andrew","email":"aoreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roehl, Edwin A. Jr.","contributorId":108083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roehl","given":"Edwin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daamen, Ruby C.","contributorId":105391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daamen","given":"Ruby","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70127576,"text":"70127576 - 2014 - PAH concentrations in lake sediment decline following ban on coal-tar-based pavement sealants in Austin, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T16:09:58.492334","indexId":"70127576","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T12:32:29","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"PAH concentrations in lake sediment decline following ban on coal-tar-based pavement sealants in Austin, Texas","docAbstract":"Recent studies have concluded that coal-tar-based pavement sealants are a major source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban settings in large parts of the United States. In 2006, Austin, TX, became the first jurisdiction in the U.S. to ban the use of coal-tar sealants. We evaluated the effect of Austin’s ban by analyzing PAHs in sediment cores and bottom-sediment samples collected in 1998, 2000, 2001, 2012, and 2014 from Lady Bird Lake, the principal receiving water body for Austin urban runoff. The sum concentration of the 16 EPA Priority Pollutant PAHs (∑PAH<sub>16</sub>) in dated core intervals and surficial bottom-sediment samples collected from sites in the lower lake declined about 44% from 1998–2005 to 2006–2014 (means of 7980 and 4500 μg kg<sup>–1</sup>, respectively), and by 2012–2014, the decline was about 58% (mean of 3320 μg kg<sup>–1</sup>). Concentrations of ∑PAH<sub>16</sub> in bottom sediment from two of three mid-lake sites decreased by about 71 and 35% from 2001 to 2014. Concentrations at a third site increased by about 14% from 2001 to 2014. The decreases since 2006 reverse a 40-year (1959–1998) upward trend. Despite declines in PAH concentrations, PAH profiles and source-receptor modeling results indicate that coal-tar sealants remain the largest PAH source to the lake, implying that PAH concentrations likely will continue to decline as stocks of previously applied sealant gradually become depleted.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","doi":"10.1021/es405691q","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., and Mahler, B., 2014, PAH concentrations in lake sediment decline following ban on coal-tar-based pavement sealants in Austin, Texas: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, no. 13, p. 7222-7228, https://doi.org/10.1021/es405691q.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"7222","endPage":"7228","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-052479","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294646,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Austin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.938383,30.098659 ], [ -97.938383,30.516863 ], [ -97.56842,30.516863 ], [ -97.56842,30.098659 ], [ -97.938383,30.098659 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542bc644e4b0abfb4c809879","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70110857,"text":"ds855 - 2014 - Mobile terrestrial light detection and ranging (T-LiDAR) survey of areas on Dauphin Island, Alabama, in the aftermath of Hurricane Isaac, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T09:32:54","indexId":"ds855","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T09:16:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"855","title":"Mobile terrestrial light detection and ranging (T-LiDAR) survey of areas on Dauphin Island, Alabama, in the aftermath of Hurricane Isaac, 2012","docAbstract":"Topographic survey data of areas on Dauphin Island on the Alabama coast were collected using a truck-mounted mobile terrestrial light detection and ranging system. This system is composed of a high frequency laser scanner in conjunction with an inertial measurement unit and a position and orientation computer to produce highly accurate topographic datasets. A global positioning system base station was set up on a nearby benchmark and logged vertical and horizontal position information during the survey for post-processing. Survey control points were also collected throughout the study area to determine residual errors. Data were collected 5 days after Hurricane Isaac made landfall in early September 2012 to document sediment deposits prior to clean-up efforts. Three data files in ASCII text format with the extension .xyz are included in this report, and each file is named according to both the acquisition date and the relative geographic location on Dauphin Island (for example, 20120903_Central.xyz). Metadata are also included for each of the files in both Extensible Markup Language with the extension .xml and ASCII text formats. These topographic data can be used to analyze the effects of storm surge on barrier island environments and also serve as a baseline dataset for future change detection analyses.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds855","issn":"2327-638X","usgsCitation":"Kimbrow, D.R., 2014, Mobile terrestrial light detection and ranging (T-LiDAR) survey of areas on Dauphin Island, Alabama, in the aftermath of Hurricane Isaac, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 855, Report: HTML document; Downloads directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds855.","productDescription":"Report: HTML document; Downloads directory","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055484","costCenters":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds855.gif"},{"id":288749,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0855/"},{"id":288753,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0855/title_page.html"},{"id":288754,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0855/Downloads"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Dauphin Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.233333,30.216667 ], [ -88.233333,30.3 ], [ -88.083333,30.3 ], [ -88.083333,30.216667 ], [ -88.233333,30.216667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae777be4b0abf75cf2c147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimbrow, Dustin R. dkimbrow@usgs.gov","contributorId":3915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimbrow","given":"Dustin","email":"dkimbrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70098143,"text":"ofr20141057 - 2014 - Histograms showing variations in oil yield, water yield, and specific gravity of oil from Fischer assay analyses of oil-shale drill cores and cuttings from the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T09:03:04","indexId":"ofr20141057","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T08:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1057","title":"Histograms showing variations in oil yield, water yield, and specific gravity of oil from Fischer assay analyses of oil-shale drill cores and cuttings from the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"Recent studies indicate that the Piceance Basin in northwestern Colorado contains over 1.5 trillion barrels of oil in place, making the basin the largest known oil-shale deposit in the world. Previously published histograms display oil-yield variations with depth and widely correlate rich and lean oil-shale beds and zones throughout the basin. Histograms in this report display oil-yield data plotted alongside either water-yield or oil specific-gravity data. Fischer assay analyses of core and cutting samples collected from exploration drill holes penetrating the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin can aid in determining the origins of those deposits, as well as estimating the amount of organic matter, halite, nahcolite, and water-bearing minerals. This report focuses only on the oil yield plotted against water yield and oil specific gravity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141057","usgsCitation":"Dietrich, J.D., Brownfield, M.E., Johnson, R.C., and Mercier, T.J., 2014, Histograms showing variations in oil yield, water yield, and specific gravity of oil from Fischer assay analyses of oil-shale drill cores and cuttings from the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1057, Report: iii, 12p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141057.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 12p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-041055","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288746,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141057.jpg"},{"id":288705,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1057/"},{"id":288742,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1057/pdf/ofr2014-1057.pdf"},{"id":288743,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1057/downloads/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Piceance Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,43.0 ], [ -107.0,43.0 ], [ -107.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7738e4b0abf75cf2c0ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dietrich, John D.","contributorId":53841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietrich","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brownfield, Michael E. 0000-0003-3633-1138 mbrownfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-1138","contributorId":1548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Michael","email":"mbrownfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Ronald C. 0000-0002-6197-5165 rcjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":1550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ronald","email":"rcjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mercier, Tracey J. 0000-0002-8232-525X tmercier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8232-525X","contributorId":2847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercier","given":"Tracey","email":"tmercier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70189606,"text":"70189606 - 2014 - Analysis of induced seismicity in geothermal reservoirs – An overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T10:03:10","indexId":"70189606","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of induced seismicity in geothermal reservoirs – An overview","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this overview we report results of analysing induced seismicity in geothermal reservoirs in various tectonic settings within the framework of the European&nbsp;</span><i>G</i><span>eothermal<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>E</i><span>ngineering<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>I</i><span>ntegrating Mitigation of Induced<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Se</i><span>ismicity in<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>R</i><span>eservoirs (GEISER) project. In the reconnaissance phase of a field, the subsurface fault mapping, in situ stress and the seismic network are of primary interest in order to help assess the geothermal resource. The hypocentres of the observed seismic events (seismic cloud) are dependent on the design of the installed network, the used velocity model and the applied location technique. During the stimulation phase, the attention is turned to reservoir hydraulics (e.g., fluid pressure, injection volume) and its relation to larger magnitude seismic events, their source characteristics and occurrence in space and time. A change in isotropic components of the full waveform moment tensor is observed for events close to the injection well (tensile character) as compared to events further away from the injection well (shear character). Tensile events coincide with high Gutenberg-Richter<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>b</i><span>-values and low Brune stress drop values. The stress regime in the reservoir controls the direction of the fracture growth at depth, as indicated by the extent of the seismic cloud detected. Stress magnitudes are important in multiple stimulation of wells, where little or no seismicity is observed until the previous maximum stress level is exceeded (Kaiser Effect). Prior to drilling, obtaining a 3D<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>P</i><span>-wave (</span><i>Vp</i><span>) and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>S</i><span>-wave velocity (</span><i>Vs</i><span>) model down to reservoir depth is recommended. In the stimulation phase, we recommend to monitor and to locate seismicity with high precision (decametre) in real-time and to perform local 4D tomography for velocity ratio (</span><i>Vp</i><span>/</span><i>Vs</i><span>). During exploitation, one should use observed and model induced seismicity to forward estimate seismic hazard so that field operators are in a position to adjust well hydraulics (rate and volume of the fluid injected) when induced events start to occur far away from the boundary of the seismic cloud.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2014.06.005","usgsCitation":"Zang, A., Oye, V., Jousset, P., Deichmann, N., Gritto, R., McGarr, A.F., Majer, E., and Bruhn, D., 2014, Analysis of induced seismicity in geothermal reservoirs – An overview: Geothermics, v. 52, p. 6-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2014.06.005.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"21","ipdsId":"IP-057945","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_455903","text":"External Repository"},{"id":344025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fbce4b0d1f9f065a8f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zang, Arno","contributorId":194794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zang","given":"Arno","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oye, Volker","contributorId":194795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oye","given":"Volker","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jousset, Philippe","contributorId":194796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jousset","given":"Philippe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deichmann, Nicholas","contributorId":194797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deichmann","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gritto, Roland","contributorId":194798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gritto","given":"Roland","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGarr, Arthur F. 0000-0001-9769-4093 mcgarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":3178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Arthur","email":"mcgarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Majer, Ernest","contributorId":139408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Majer","given":"Ernest","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bruhn, David","contributorId":194799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruhn","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70189761,"text":"70189761 - 2014 - The earthquake cycle in the San Francisco Bay region: A.D. 1600–2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T17:11:31.821686","indexId":"70189761","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The earthquake cycle in the San Francisco Bay region: A.D. 1600–2012","docAbstract":"<p><span>Stress changes produced by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake had a profound effect on the seismicity of the San Francisco Bay region (SFBR), dramatically reducing it in the twentieth century. Whether the SFBR is still within or has emerged from this seismic quiescence is an issue of debate with implications for earthquake mechanics and seismic hazards. Historically, the SFBR has not experienced one complete earthquake cycle (i.e., the accumulation of stress, its release primarily as coseismic slip during surface‐faulting earthquakes, its re‐accumulation in the interval following, and its subsequent rerelease). The historical record of earthquake occurrence in the SFBR appears to be complete at about&nbsp;</span><strong>M</strong><span>&nbsp;5.5 back to 1850 (</span><span id=\"xref-ref-2-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\">Bakun, 1999</span><span>). For large events, the record may be complete back to 1776, which represents about half a cycle. Paleoseismic data provide a more complete view of the most recent pre‐1906 SFBR earthquake cycle, extending it back to about 1600. Using these, we have developed estimates of magnitude and seismic moment for alternative sequences of surface‐faulting paleoearthquakes occurring between 1600 and 1776 on the region’s major faults. From these we calculate seismic moment and moment release rates for different time intervals between 1600 and 2012. These show the variability in moment release and suggest that, in the SFBR regional plate boundary, stress can be released on a single fault in great earthquakes such as that in 1906 and in multiple ruptures distributed on the regional plate boundary fault system on a decadal time scale.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120120322","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, D.P., Lienkaemper, J.J., Hecker, S., Kelson, K.I., Fumal, T.E., Baldwin, J.N., Seitz, G.G., and Niemi, T., 2014, The earthquake cycle in the San Francisco Bay region: A.D. 1600–2012: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120322.","ipdsId":"IP-053346","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344265,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.5,\n              37.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1,\n              36.4\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.5,\n              38.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -122,\n              39\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59770753e4b0ec1a48889fa4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200 dschwartz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":1940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","email":"dschwartz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hecker, Suzanne 0000-0002-5054-372X shecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-372X","contributorId":3553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hecker","given":"Suzanne","email":"shecker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelson, Keith I.","contributorId":192585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelson","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fumal, Thomas E.","contributorId":195091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fumal","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baldwin, John N.","contributorId":195092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baldwin","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Seitz, Gordon G.","contributorId":139062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seitz","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12640,"text":"California Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":706239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Niemi, Tina","contributorId":195093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niemi","given":"Tina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70189901,"text":"70189901 - 2014 - Variability common to global sea surface temperatures and runoff in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-04T10:26:20","indexId":"70189901","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability common to global sea surface temperatures and runoff in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Singular value decomposition (SVD) is used to identify the variability common to global sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and water-balance-modeled water-year (WY) runoff in the conterminous United States (CONUS) for the 1900–2012 period. Two modes were identified from the SVD analysis; the two modes explain 25% of the variability in WY runoff and 33% of the variability in WY SSTs. The first SVD mode reflects the variability of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the SST data and the hydroclimatic effects of ENSO on WY runoff in the CONUS. The second SVD mode is related to variability of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO). An interesting aspect of these results is that both ENSO and AMO appear to have nearly equivalent effects on runoff variability in the CONUS. However, the relatively small amount of variance explained by the SVD analysis indicates that there is little covariation between runoff and SSTs, suggesting that SSTs may not be a viable predictor of runoff variability for most of the conterminous United States.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JHM-D-13-097.1","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Wolock, D.M., 2014, Variability common to global sea surface temperatures and runoff in the conterminous United States: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 15, p. 714-725, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-13-097.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"714","endPage":"725","ipdsId":"IP-051813","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-13-097.1","text":"Publisher Index 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dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189903,"text":"70189903 - 2014 - Spatial and temporal patterns in conterminous United States streamflow characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-04T10:16:59","indexId":"70189903","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal patterns in conterminous United States streamflow characteristics","docAbstract":"<p><span>Spatial and temporal patterns in annual and seasonal minimum, mean, and maximum daily streamflow values were examined for a set of 516 reference stream gauges located throughout the conterminous United States for the period 1951–2009. Cluster analysis was used to classify the stream gauges into 14 groups based on similarity in their temporal patterns of streamflow. The results indicated that the temporal patterns in flow metrics (1) have strong spatial coherence within each region, (2) are similar among the three annual flow metrics and the four seasonal flow metrics within each region, (3) indicate some small magnitude trends over time, and (4) are only weakly associated with well-known climate indices. We conclude that most of the temporal variability in flow is unpredictable in terms of relations to climate indices and infer that, for the most part, future changes in flow characteristics cannot be predicted by these indices.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014GL061980","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Wolock, D.M., 2014, Spatial and temporal patterns in conterminous United States streamflow characteristics: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, no. 19, p. 6889-6897, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061980.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"6889","endPage":"6897","ipdsId":"IP-058033","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344583,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70154769,"text":"70154769 - 2014 - Reproductive ecology of lampreys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T15:28:44","indexId":"70154769","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Reproductive ecology of lampreys","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lampreys typically spawn in riffle habitats during the spring. Spawning activity and diel (i.e., during daylight and at night) behavioral patterns are initiated when spring water temperatures increase to levels that coincide with optimal embryologic development. Nests are constructed in gravel substrate using the oral disc to move stones and the tail to fan sediment out of the nest. Spawning habitat used by individual species is generally a function of adult size, where small-bodied species construct nests in shallower water with slower flow and smaller gravel than large-bodied species. The mating system of lampreys is primarily polygynandrous (i.e., where multiple males mate with multiple females). Lamprey species with adult total length less than 30&nbsp;cm generally spawn communally, where a nest may contain 20 or more individuals of both sexes. Lamprey species with adult sizes greater than 35&nbsp;cm generally spawn in groups of two to four. Operational sex ratios of lampreys are highly variable across species, populations, and time, but are generally male biased. The act of spawning typically starts with the male attaching with his oral disc to the back of the female’s head; the male and female then entwine and simultaneously release gametes. However, alternative mating behaviors (e.g., release of gametes without paired courtship and sneaker males) have been observed. Future research should determine how multiple modalities of communication among lampreys (including mating pheromones) are integrated to inform species recognition and mate choice. Such research could inform both sea lamprey control strategies and provide insight into possible evolution of reproductive isolation mechanisms between paired lamprey species in sympatry.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lampreys: Biology, Conservation and Control","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-9306-3_6","isbn":"978-94-017-9306-3","usgsCitation":"Johnson, N., Buchinger, T.J., and Li, W., 2014, Reproductive ecology of lampreys, chap. <i>of</i> Lampreys: Biology, Conservation and Control, p. 265-303, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9306-3_6.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"303","ipdsId":"IP-028159","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183b7e4b0e541a03c1a74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. njohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":145449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas S.","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchinger, Tyler J.","contributorId":40508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchinger","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":65440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70186901,"text":"70186901 - 2014 - Climate change and the Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T16:50:35.285225","indexId":"70186901","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"20","title":"Climate change and the Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"<p>Rural landscapes in the Andes are characterized by an impressive diversity of natural environments and by multiple resource assets. This is particularly the case in the tropical realm where the ecological altitudinal zones of the tierra caliente, the tierra templada, the tierra fria and the tierra helada</p><p>offer a remarkable range of agricultural potential. This is complemented by a multitude of topographic, hydrographic and climatic niches. The landscape is further overlaid by a cultural mosaic and by the recent impact of political ecology parameters. These agricultural ‘archipelagos’ and ‘overlapping patchworks’ (Zimmerer 1999) of human utilization also represent fragile and potentially vulnerable regions exposed to environmental risks and to socioeconomic or political threats. The external natural and human stimulators or stressors affecting the environment and people are complemented by new challenges and changes within the rural societies. Thus, farming and human settlement in the Andes have millennia tradition of an ‘open’ rural system, constantly adapting to an array of changing environmental, political, cultural, social and economic conditions (Stadel 2003b, Stadel 2008).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impact of global changes on mountains: Responses and adaptation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton","usgsCitation":"Byrne, J.M., Fagre, D.B., and MacDonald, R., 2014, Climate change and the Rocky Mountains, chap. 20 <i>of</i> Impact of global changes on mountains: Responses and adaptation, p. 432-463.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"432","endPage":"463","ipdsId":"IP-052658","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339797,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.1201/b17963-27/climate-change-rocky-mountains-james-byrne-daniel-fagre-ryan-macdonald?context=ubx&refId=81b9aeda-c946-4d44-a95a-4d647fd3f56c"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.80281896878353,\n              35.61845241839859\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.95994773927038,\n              38.40516082657268\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.04737997456178,\n              42.80370874698866\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.38299642597238,\n              46.04935539414794\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.71114853091092,\n              50.45227486777216\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.6918171718354,\n              58.253966502202786\n            ],\n            [\n              -128.0537838658589,\n              59.37042496540823\n            ],\n            [\n              -128.9267207309033,\n              57.914437059438285\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.64320616598633,\n              53.79709661930235\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.5758714684903,\n              49.31776327850176\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.72607658192615,\n              44.15671034247009\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.9848561301589,\n              41.16547033261847\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.79034670316258,\n              37.61007651833016\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.2635964197159,\n              35.166549792981385\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.80281896878353,\n              35.61845241839859\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f5d444e4b0f2e20545e429","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byrne, James M.","contributorId":190864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacDonald, Ryan","contributorId":190865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70112724,"text":"ofr20141026 - 2014 - A field trip guidebook to the type localities of Marland Billings' 1935 Paleozoic bedrock stratigraphy near Littleton, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-17T15:25:06","indexId":"ofr20141026","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T15:18:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1026","title":"A field trip guidebook to the type localities of Marland Billings' 1935 Paleozoic bedrock stratigraphy near Littleton, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Marland Billings' classic paper published in 1937 in the Geological Society of America Bulletin established a succession of six stratigraphic units in rocks of low metamorphic grade near Littleton, New Hampshire. The two youngest units are fossiliferous in the area, with ages established at the time as “middle” Silurian and Early Devonian. Billings and students mapped the same stratigraphic section in adjacent areas of progressively higher regional metamorphic grade. This work laid the foundation upon which a major part of subsequent work in New England has been directly or indirectly built. This guidebook was written for a field trip held in March 2013 to visit roadcuts that are as close as possible in March to the type localities or areas of Billings’ six-fold stratigraphic succession. Ten stops are in rocks of chlorite grade of Acadian(?) metamorphism; the final stop visits amphibolite of the Ammonoosuc Volcanics. Fieldwork by the authors over the past 20 years confirms Billings’ broad conclusions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141026","usgsCitation":"Rankin, D., and Rankin, M.B., 2014, A field trip guidebook to the type localities of Marland Billings' 1935 Paleozoic bedrock stratigraphy near Littleton, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1026, iv, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141026.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044548","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141026.jpg"},{"id":288703,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1026/pdf/ofr2014-1026.pdf"},{"id":288702,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1026/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","city":"Littleton","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.99938,44.239281 ], [ -71.99938,44.386765 ], [ -71.771166,44.386765 ], [ -71.771166,44.239281 ], [ -71.99938,44.239281 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7611e4b0abf75cf2be71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rankin, Douglas W. dwrankin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankin","given":"Douglas W.","email":"dwrankin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":494858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rankin, Mary B.","contributorId":13151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankin","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70102290,"text":"sir20145055 - 2014 - Conceptual model of the uppermost principal aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins, United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:12:58","indexId":"sir20145055","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T13:37:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5055","title":"Conceptual model of the uppermost principal aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins, United States and Canada","docAbstract":"<p>The three uppermost principal aquifer systems of the Northern Great Plains—the glacial, lower Tertiary, and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems—are described in this report and provide water for irrigation, mining, public and domestic supply, livestock, and industrial uses. These aquifer systems primarily are present in two nationally important fossil-fuelproducing areas: the Williston and Powder River structural basins in the United States and Canada. The glacial aquifer system is contained within glacial deposits that overlie the lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems in the northeastern part of the Williston structural basin. Productive sand and gravel aquifers exist within this aquifer system. The Upper Cretaceous aquifer system is contained within bedrock lithostratigraphic units as deep as 2,850 and 8,500 feet below land surface in the Williston and Powder River structural basins, respectively. Petroleum extraction from much deeper formations, such as the Bakken Formation, is rapidly increasing because of recently improved hydraulic fracturing methods that require large volumes of relatively freshwater from shallow aquifers or surface water. Extraction of coalbed natural gas from within the lower Tertiary aquifer system requires removal of large volumes of groundwater to allow degasification.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Recognizing the importance of understanding water resources in these energy-rich basins, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program (<a href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/gwrp/\" target=\"_blank\">http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/gwrp/</a>) began a groundwater study of the Williston and Powder River structural basins in 2011 to quantify this groundwater resource, the results of which are described in this report. The overall objective of this study was to characterize, quantify, and provide an improved conceptual understanding of the three uppermost and principal aquifer systems in energy-resource areas of the Northern Great Plains to assist in groundwater-resource management for multiple uses.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The study area includes parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming in the United States and Manitoba and Saskatchewan in Canada. The glacial aquifer system is contained within glacial drift consisting primarily of till, with smaller amounts of glacial outwash sand and gravel deposits. The lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems are contained within several formations of the Tertiary and Cretaceous geologic systems, which are hydraulically separated from underlying aquifers by a basal confining unit. The lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems each were divided into three hydrogeologic units that correspond to one or more lithostratigraphic units.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The period prior to 1960 is defined as the predevelopment period when little groundwater was extracted. From 1960 through 1990, numerous flowing wells were installed near the Yellowstone, Little Missouri and Knife Rivers, resulting in local groundwater declines. Recently developed technologies for the extraction of petroleum resources, which largely have been applied in the study area since about 2005, require millions of gallons of water for construction of each well, with additional water needed for long-term operation; therefore, the potential for an increase in groundwater extraction is high. In this study, groundwater recharge and discharge components were estimated for the period 1981–2005.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Groundwater recharge primarily occurs from infiltration of rainfall and snowmelt (precipitation recharge) and infiltration of streams into the ground (stream infiltration). Total estimated recharge to the Williston and Powder River control volumes is 4,560 and 1,500 cubic feet per second, respectively. Estimated precipitation recharge is 26 and 15 percent of total recharge for the Williston and Powder River control volumes, respectively. Estimated stream infiltration is 71 and 80 percent of total recharge for the Williston and Powder River control volumes, respectively. Groundwater discharge primarily is to streams and springs and is estimated to be about 97 and 92 percent of total discharge for the Williston and Powder River control volumes, respectively. Most of the remaining discharge results from pumped and flowing wells.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Groundwater flow in the Williston structural basin generally is from the west and southwest toward the east, where discharge to streams occurs. Locally, in the uppermost hydrogeologic units, groundwater generally is unconfined and flows from topographically high to low areas, where discharge to streams occurs. Groundwater flow in the Powder River structural basin generally is toward the north, with local variations, particularly in the upper Fort Union aquifer, where flow is toward streams.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145055","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Long, A.J., Aurand, K.R., Bednar, J.M., Davis, K.W., McKaskey, J.D., and Thamke, J., 2014, Conceptual model of the uppermost principal aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5055, Report: viii, 41 p.; Appendix figures and tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145055.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 41 p.; Appendix figures and tables","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045678","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288697,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5055/pdf/sir2014-5055.pdf"},{"id":288698,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5055/downloads/"},{"id":288699,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145055.jpg"},{"id":288696,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5055/"}],"projection":"North American Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"Canada;United States","state":"Manitoba;Montana;North Dakota;Saskatchewan;South Dakota;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River Basin;Williston Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.9,42.5 ], [ -108.9,51.0 ], [ -98.2,51.0 ], [ -98.2,42.5 ], [ -108.9,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae765fe4b0abf75cf2bf4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J. 0000-0001-7385-8081 ajlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-8081","contributorId":989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew","email":"ajlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aurand, Katherine R. kaurand@usgs.gov","contributorId":2713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aurand","given":"Katherine","email":"kaurand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bednar, Jennifer M. jbednar@usgs.gov","contributorId":5164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bednar","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbednar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Kyle W. 0000-0002-8723-0110 kyledavis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8723-0110","contributorId":3987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Kyle","email":"kyledavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKaskey, Jonathan D.R.G.","contributorId":28000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKaskey","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70102940,"text":"sir20145047 - 2014 - Hydrogeologic framework of the uppermost principal aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins, United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-09T10:17:23","indexId":"sir20145047","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T13:12:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5047","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the uppermost principal aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins, United States and Canada","docAbstract":"<p>The glacial, lower Tertiary, and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins within the United States and Canada are the uppermost principal aquifer systems and most accessible sources of groundwater for these energy-producing basins. The glacial aquifer system covers the northeastern part of the Williston structural basin. The lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems are present in about 91,300 square miles (mi<sup>2</sup>) of the Williston structural basin and about 25,500 mi<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;of the Powder River structural basin. Directly under these aquifer systems are 800 to more than 3,000 feet (ft) of relatively impermeable marine shale that serves as a basal confining unit. The aquifer systems in the Williston structural basin have a shallow (less than 2,900 ft deep), wide, and generally symmetrical bowl shape. The aquifer systems in the Powder River structural basin have a very deep (as much as 8,500 ft deep), narrow, and asymmetrical shape.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The Williston structural basin has been an important oil and natural gas producing region since the 1950s, and production has increased substantially since the mid-2000s due to improved drilling and hydraulic fracturing methods from deep formations, such as the Bakken and Three Forks Formations. These improved methods require considerable volumes of freshwater mostly from shallow aquifers or surface water. Coal, lignite, and coal-bed natural gas are additional sources of energy in both basins that can affect the quality and quantity of shallow aquifers through strip mining and groundwater depletion.</p>\n<p>In 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a regional study of the glacial, lower Tertiary, and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins with the goal to quantify groundwater availability. This report, together with a companion report of the conceptual flow model, provides an improved understanding of the groundwater flow systems and a basis for a numerical, regional groundwater-flow model.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>This study combines the lithostratigraphic units of the glacial, lower Tertiary, and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems in the United States and Canada into 7 regional hydrogeologic units&mdash;glacial deposits, 4 bedrock aquifers, and 2 bedrock confining units&mdash;using general hydraulic properties. The glacial deposits are composed of till and glacial outwash sands and gravels with areas of cobbles and boulders. The four bedrock aquifers are the upper Fort Union, lower Fort Union, lower Hell Creek, and Fox Hills aquifers and are contained primarily in sandstone layers. The two confining units are the middle Fort Union hydrogeologic unit (shale) and upper Hell Creek hydrogeologic unit (contains less sandstone than the underlying lower Hell Creek aquifer). Water from hydrogeologic units in these three aquifer systems is relatively fresh and potable, whereas withdrawals seldom occur from units below the basal confining unit because of great depths (greater than 800 ft) and poor water quality.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Analysis of about 300 electric (resistivity) and lithologic logs in the Williston structural basin and numerous existing publications for the Powder River structural basin were used to develop a three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework for both basins. Interpolated thicknesses of the glacial deposits, the lower Tertiary aquifer system, and the Upper Cretaceous aquifer system in the Williston structural basin are less than about 750; 2,250; and 1,050 ft, respectively. Interpolated thicknesses of the lower Tertiary aquifer system and the Upper Cretaceous aquifer system in the Powder River structural basin are less than about 7,180 and 5,070 ft, respectively. Interpolated horizontal hydraulic conductivity values for the Williston structural basin were as much as 25 feet per day (ft/d) in the glacial deposits and had smaller ranges in the lower Tertiary aquifer system (0.01&ndash;9.8 ft/d) and in the Upper Cretaceous aquifer system (0.06&ndash;5.5 ft/d). In the Powder River structural basin, the lower Tertiary aquifer system had a greater range of interpolated horizontal hydraulic conductivity values (0.10&ndash;11 ft/d) than the Upper Cretaceous aquifer system (0.02&ndash;5.7 ft/d). Transmissivity is greatest in the gravel zones of the glacial deposits (2,120 feet squared per day) and generally decreases with depth into the bedrock units.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Regionally, water in the lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems flows in a northerly or northeasterly direction from the Powder River structural basin to the Williston structural basin. Groundwater flow in the Williston structural basin generally is easterly or northeasterly. Flow in the uppermost hydrogeologic units generally is more local and controlled by topography where unglaciated in the Williston structural basin than is flow in the glaciated part and in underlying aquifers. Groundwater flow in the Powder River structural basin generally is northerly with local variations greatest in the uppermost aquifers. Groundwater is confined, and flow is regional in the underlying aquifers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145047","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Thamke, J., LeCain, G.D., Ryter, D.W., Sando, R., and Long, A.J., 2014, Hydrogeologic framework of the uppermost principal aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins, United States and Canada (Version 1: Originally posted June 17, 2014; Version 1.1: December 1, 2014): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5047, Report: viii, 38 p.; Appendix figures and tables; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145047.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 38 p.; Appendix figures and tables; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049955","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145047.jpg"},{"id":288694,"rank":1,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5047/appendix/"},{"id":288695,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5047/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory"},{"id":288692,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5047/"},{"id":288693,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5047/pdf/sir2014-5047.pdf","size":"11.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"North American Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"Canada;United States","otherGeospatial":"Powder River Basin;Williston Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.0,42.5 ], [ -108.0,50.0 ], [ -99.5,50.0 ], [ -99.5,42.5 ], [ -108.0,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1: Originally posted June 17, 2014; Version 1.1: December 1, 2014","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae773de4b0abf75cf2c0c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeCain, Gary D.","contributorId":52207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeCain","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryter, Derek W. 0000-0002-2488-626X dryter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2488-626X","contributorId":3395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryter","given":"Derek","email":"dryter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sando, Roy 0000-0003-0704-6258","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-6258","contributorId":26230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Roy","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Long, Andrew J. 0000-0001-7385-8081 ajlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-8081","contributorId":989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew","email":"ajlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70112701,"text":"sir20145067 - 2014 - Estimates of inorganic nitrogen wet deposition from precipitation for the conterminous United States, 1955-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T13:39:51","indexId":"sir20145067","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T13:03:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5067","title":"Estimates of inorganic nitrogen wet deposition from precipitation for the conterminous United States, 1955-84","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey&rsquo;s National Water-Quality Assessment program requires nutrient input information for analysis of national and regional assessment of water quality. Historical data are needed to lengthen the data record for assessment of trends in water quality. This report provides estimates of inorganic nitrogen deposition from precipitation for the conterminous United States for 1955&ndash;56, 1961&ndash;65, and 1981&ndash;84. The estimates were derived from ammonium, nitrate, and inorganic nitrogen concentrations in atmospheric wet deposition and precipitation-depth data. This report documents the sources of these data and the methods that were used to estimate the inorganic nitrogen deposition. Tabular datasets, including the analytical results, precipitation depth, and calculated site-specific precipitation-weighted concentrations, and raster datasets of nitrogen from wet deposition are provided as appendixes in this report.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145067","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Gronberg, J., Ludtke, A.S., and Knifong, D.L., 2014, Estimates of inorganic nitrogen wet deposition from precipitation for the conterminous United States, 1955-84: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5067, Report: viii, 18 p.; Appendixes 1-4, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145067.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 18 p.; Appendixes 1-4","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1955-01-01","temporalEnd":"1984-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-051313","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145067.jpg"},{"id":288688,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5067/downloads/sir2014-5067_Appendix_2_Lodge_data.xlsx"},{"id":288689,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5067/downloads/sir2014-5067_Appendix_3_noaa_data.xlsx"},{"id":288690,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5067/downloads/sir2014-5067_Appendix_4_Pearson_data.xlsx"},{"id":288686,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5067/pdf/sir2014-5067.pdf"},{"id":288687,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5067/downloads/sir2014-5067_Appendix_1_Junge_data.xlsx"},{"id":288679,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5067/"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  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,{"id":70049779,"text":"ds796 - 2014 - California Groundwater Units","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-08T14:21:10","indexId":"ds796","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T12:47:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"796","title":"California Groundwater Units","docAbstract":"The California Groundwater Units dataset classifies and delineates areas within the State of California into one of three groundwater-based polygon units: (1) those areas previously defined as alluvial groundwater basins or subbasins, (2) highland areas that are adjacent to and topographically upgradient of groundwater basins, and (3) highland areas not associated with a groundwater basin, only a hydrogeologic province. In total, 938 Groundwater Units are represented. The Groundwater Units dataset relates existing groundwater basins with their newly delineated highland areas which can be used in subsequent hydrologic studies. The methods used to delineate groundwater-basin-associated highland areas are similar to those used to delineate a contributing area (such as for a lake or water body); the difference is that highland areas are constrained to the immediately surrounding upslope (upstream) area. Upslope basins have their own delineated highland. A geoprocessing tool was created to facilitate delineation of highland areas for groundwater basins and subbasins and is available for download.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds796","usgsCitation":"Johnson, T., and Belitz, K., 2014, California Groundwater Units: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 796, Report: iv, 34 p.; GIS; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds796.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 34 p.; GIS; Metadata","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037814","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288685,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds796.jpg"},{"id":288682,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/796/pdf/ds796.pdf"},{"id":288684,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/796/downloads/ds796_metadata.txt"},{"id":288683,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/796/downloads/ds796_GIS.zip"},{"id":288678,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/796/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.507642,32.425413 ], [ -124.507642,42.067151 ], [ -113.488240,42.067151 ], [ -113.488240,32.425413 ], [ -124.507642,32.425413 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae764ee4b0abf75cf2bf14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Tyler D. 0000-0002-7334-9188","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-9188","contributorId":64366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Tyler D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70110917,"text":"ds808 - 2014 - Summary of suspended-sediment concentration data, San Francisco Bay, California, water year 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:29:30","indexId":"ds808","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T12:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"808","title":"Summary of suspended-sediment concentration data, San Francisco Bay, California, water year 2010","docAbstract":"Suspended-sediment concentration data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in San Francisco Bay during water year 2010 (October 1, 2009–September 30, 2010). Turbidity sensors and water samples were used to monitor suspended-sediment concentration at two sites in Suisun Bay, one site in San Pablo Bay, three sites in Central San Francisco Bay, and one site in South San Francisco Bay. Sensors were positioned at two depths at most sites to help define the vertical variability of suspended sediments. Water samples were collected periodically and analyzed for concentrations of suspended sediment. The results of the analyses were used to calibrate the output of the turbidity sensors so that a record of suspended-sediment concentrations could be computed. This report presents the data-collection methods used and summarizes, in graphs, the suspended-sediment concentration data collected from October 2009 through September 2010. Calibration curves and plots of the processed data for each sensor also are presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds808","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District","usgsCitation":"Buchanan, P.A., and Morgan, T., 2014, Summary of suspended-sediment concentration data, San Francisco Bay, California, water year 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 808, viii, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds808.","productDescription":"viii, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-028604","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288681,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds808.PNG"},{"id":288677,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/808"},{"id":288680,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/808/pdf/ds808.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay;San Pablo Bay;Suisun Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5992,37.3385 ], [ -122.5992,38.1821 ], [ -121.7464,38.1821 ], [ -121.7464,37.3385 ], [ -122.5992,37.3385 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae784de4b0abf75cf2d048","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchanan, Paul A. 0000-0002-4796-4734 buchanan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-4734","contributorId":1018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan","given":"Paul","email":"buchanan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, Tara L. 0000-0001-5632-5232","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-5232","contributorId":29124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Tara L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70112699,"text":"70112699 - 2014 - Gas hydrate identified in sand-rich inferred sedimentary section using downhole logging and seismic data in Shenhu area, South China Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-17T11:23:36","indexId":"70112699","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T11:19:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas hydrate identified in sand-rich inferred sedimentary section using downhole logging and seismic data in Shenhu area, South China Sea","docAbstract":"Downhole wireline log (DWL) data was acquired from eight drill sites during China's first gas hydrate drilling expedition (GMGS-1) in 2007. Initial analyses of the acquired well log data suggested that there were no significant gas hydrate occurrences at Site SH4. However, the re-examination of the DWL data from Site SH4 indicated that there are two intervals of high resistivity, which could be indicative of gas hydrate. One interval of high resistivity at depth of 171–175 m below seafloor (mbsf) is associated with a high compressional- wave (P-wave) velocities and low gamma ray log values, which suggests the presence of gas hydrate in a potentially sand-rich (low clay content) sedimentary section. The second high resistivity interval at depth of 175–180 mbsf is associated with low P-wave velocities and low gamma values, which suggests the presence of free gas in a potentially sand-rich (low clay content) sedimentary section. Because the occurrence of free gas is much shallower than the expected from the regional depth of the bottom simulating reflector (BSR), the free gas could be from the dissociation of gas hydrate during drilling or there may be a local anomaly in the depth to the base of the gas hydrate stability zone. In order to determine whether the low P-wave velocity with high resistivity is caused by in-situ free gas or dissociated free gas from the gas hydrate, the surface seismic data were also used in this analysis. The log analysis incorporating the surface seismic data through the construction of synthetic seismograms using various models indicated the presence of free gas directly in contact with an overlying gas hydrate-bearing section. The occurrence of the anomalous base of gas hydrate stability at Site SH4 could be caused by a local heat flow conditions. This paper documents the first observation of gas hydrate in what is believed to be a sand-rich sediment in Shenhu area of the South China Sea.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.01.002","usgsCitation":"Wang, X., Lee, M.W., Collett, T.S., Yang, S., Guo, Y., and Wu, S., 2014, Gas hydrate identified in sand-rich inferred sedimentary section using downhole logging and seismic data in Shenhu area, South China Sea: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 51, p. 298-306, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.01.002.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"306","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-053736","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288675,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288674,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.01.002"}],"country":"China","state":"Shenhu","otherGeospatial":"South China Sea","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 108.44,17.02 ], [ 108.44,23.98 ], [ 121.08,23.98 ], [ 121.08,17.02 ], [ 108.44,17.02 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae76d0e4b0abf75cf2c030","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Xiujuan","contributorId":87071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Xiujuan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yang, Shengxiong","contributorId":74306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Shengxiong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guo, Yiqun","contributorId":68659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"Yiqun","affiliations":[{"id":34423,"text":"Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":494848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wu, Shiguo","contributorId":11126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Shiguo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70115105,"text":"70115105 - 2014 - 2014 Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Forecast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-02T09:55:51","indexId":"70115105","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T09:50:45","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"2014 Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Forecast","docAbstract":"<p>The Gulf of Mexico annual summer hypoxia forecasts are based on average May \ntotal nitrogen loads from the Mississippi River basin for that year. The load \nestimate, recently released by USGS, is 4,761 metric tons per day. Based on that \nestimate, we predict the area of this summer’s hypoxic zone to be 14,000 square \nkilometers (95% credible interval, 8,000 to 20,000) – an “average year”.</p>\n<br/>\n</p>Our forecast hypoxic volume is 50 km<sup>3</sup> (95% credible interval, 20 to 77).","language":"English","publisher":"University of Michigan","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","usgsCitation":"Scavia, D., Evans, M., and Obenour, D., 2014, 2014 Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Forecast, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-057581","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289299,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://graham.umich.edu/scavia/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/2014-Gulf-of-Mexico-Hypoxic-Forecast.pdf"}],"country":"Mexico;United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.86,18.18 ], [ -97.86,30.4 ], [ -81.04,30.4 ], [ -81.04,18.18 ], [ -97.86,18.18 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b7b089e4b0388651d915f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scavia, Donald","contributorId":19068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scavia","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Mary Anne","contributorId":46877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Mary Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Obenour, Dan","contributorId":18665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obenour","given":"Dan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70156379,"text":"70156379 - 2014 - An integrated approach to the Taxonomic identification of prehistoric shell ornaments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-20T13:27:22","indexId":"70156379","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An integrated approach to the Taxonomic identification of prehistoric shell ornaments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Shell beads appear to have been one of the earliest examples of personal adornments. Marine shells identified far from the shore evidence long-distance transport and imply networks of exchange and negotiation. However, worked beads lose taxonomic clues to identification, and this may be compounded by taphonomic alteration. Consequently, the significance of this key early artefact may be underestimated. We report the use of bulk amino acid composition of the stable intra-crystalline proteins preserved in shell biominerals and the application of pattern recognition methods to a large dataset (777 samples) to demonstrate that taxonomic identification can be achieved at genus level. Amino acid analyses are fast (&lt;2 hours per sample) and micro-destructive (sample size &lt;2 mg). Their integration with non-destructive techniques provides a valuable and affordable tool, which can be used by archaeologists and museum curators to gain insight into early exploitation of natural resources by humans. Here we combine amino acid analyses, macro- and microstructural observations (by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) and Raman spectroscopy to try to identify the raw material used for beads discovered at the Early Bronze Age site of Great Cornard (UK). Our results show that at least two shell taxa were used and we hypothesise that these were sourced locally.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Plos One","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0099839","usgsCitation":"Demarchi, B., O’Connor, S., Ponzoni, A.D., Ponzoni, R.D., Sheridan, A., Penkman, K., Hancock, Y., and Wilson, J., 2014, An integrated approach to the Taxonomic identification of prehistoric shell ornaments: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 6, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099839.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099839","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d6fa2fe4b0518e3546bc1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demarchi, Beatrice","contributorId":146780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Demarchi","given":"Beatrice","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connor, Sonia","contributorId":146781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Sonia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ponzoni, Andre de Lima","contributorId":146782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ponzoni","given":"Andre","email":"","middleInitial":"de Lima","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ponzoni, Raquel de Almeida Roch","contributorId":146783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ponzoni","given":"Raquel","email":"","middleInitial":"de Almeida Roch","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sheridan, Alison","contributorId":146784,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheridan","given":"Alison","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Penkman, Kirsty","contributorId":146785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penkman","given":"Kirsty","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hancock, Y.","contributorId":146786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hancock","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wilson, Julie","contributorId":146787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Julie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70174136,"text":"70174136 - 2014 - Distribution and population genetics of walleye and sauger","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-07T13:39:25","indexId":"70174136","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":955,"text":"BMC Evolutionary Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and population genetics of walleye and sauger","docAbstract":"<div id=\"ASec1\" class=\"AbstractSection\"><p class=\"Para\">Conserving genetic diversity and local adaptations are management priorities for wild populations of exploited species, which increasingly are subject to climate change, habitat loss, and pollution. These constitute growing concerns for the walleye <i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">Sander vitreus,</i> an ecologically and economically valuable North American temperate fish with large Laurentian Great Lakes' fisheries. This study compares genetic diversity and divergence patterns across its widespread native range using mitochondrial (mt) DNA control region sequences and nine nuclear DNA microsatellite (μsat) loci, examining historic and contemporary influences. We analyze the genetic and morphological characters of a putative endemic variant– “blue pike” <i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">S. v. “glaucus”</i> –described from Lakes Erie and Ontario, which became extinct. Walleye with turquoise-colored mucus also are evaluated, since some have questioned whether these are related to the “blue pike”.</p></div><div id=\"ASec2\" class=\"AbstractSection\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Haponski and Stepien","doi":"10.1186/1471-2148-14-133","usgsCitation":"Haponski, A.E., and Sloss, B.L., 2014, Distribution and population genetics of walleye and sauger: BMC Evolutionary Biology, v. 14, no. 133, HTML document , https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-133.","productDescription":"HTML document ","ipdsId":"IP-027157","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-133","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"133","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d13a39e4b0571647cf8dc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haponski, Amanda E.","contributorId":174408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haponski","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sloss, Brian L. bsloss@usgs.gov","contributorId":702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloss","given":"Brian","email":"bsloss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":640979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70176406,"text":"70176406 - 2014 - What are gas hydrates?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T16:54:43.971916","indexId":"70176406","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1","title":"What are gas hydrates?","docAbstract":"<p>The English chemistry pioneer Sir Humphry Davy first combined gas and water to produce a solid substance in his lab in 1810. For more than a century after that landmark moment, a small number of scientists catalogued various solid “hydrates” formed by combining water with an assortment of gases and liquids. Sloan and Koh (2007) review this early research, which was aimed at discerning the chemical structures of gas hydrates (Fig. 1.1), as well as the pressures and temperatures at which they are stable. Because no practical applications were found for these synthetic gas hydrates, they remained an academic curiosity. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Frozen heat: UNEP global outlook on methane gas hydrates","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"United Nations Environmental Programme","usgsCitation":"2014, What are gas hydrates?, chap. 1 <i>of</i> Frozen heat: UNEP global outlook on methane gas hydrates, p. 11-30.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"30","ipdsId":"IP-054843","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339792,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.unep.org/resources/report/frozen-heat-global-outlook-methane-gas-hydrates-volume-1"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f5d444e4b0f2e20545e42d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Beaudoin, Y. C.","contributorId":191002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beaudoin","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691249,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, W.","contributorId":24207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691250,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":35121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691251,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dallimore, Scott","contributorId":85503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dallimore","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691252,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70189137,"text":"70189137 - 2014 - Proterozoic geochronological links between the Farewell, Kilbuck, and Arctic Alaska terranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T20:57:09","indexId":"70189137","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3566,"text":"The Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proterozoic geochronological links between the Farewell, Kilbuck, and Arctic Alaska terranes","docAbstract":"<p><span>New U-Pb igneous and detrital zircon ages reveal that despite being separated by younger orogens, three of Alaska’s terranes that contain Precambrian rocks—Farewell, Kilbuck, and Arctic Alaska—are related. The Farewell and Kilbuck terranes can be linked by felsic magmatism at ca. 850 Ma and by abundant detrital zircons in the Farewell that overlap the ca. 2010–2085 Ma age range of granitoids in the Kilbuck. The Farewell and Arctic Alaska terranes have already been linked via correlative Neoproterozoic to Devonian carbonate platform deposits that share nearly identical faunas of mixed Siberian and Laurentian affinity. New igneous ages strengthen these ties. Specifically, 988, 979, and 979 Ma metafelsites in the Farewell terrane are close in age to a 971 Ma granitic orthogneiss in the Arctic Alaska terrane. Likewise, 852, 850, 845, and 837 Ma granitic orthogneisses, metafelsite, and rhyolite in the Farewell terrane are similar to the reported 874 to 848 Ma age range of metarhyolites in the Arctic Alaska terrane. The Kilbuck and Arctic Alaska terranes have been previously linked on the basis of provenance: detrital zircons from the Carboniferous Nuka Formation in the Arctic Alaska terrane range from 2013 to 2078 Ma, overlapping the age of Kilbuck granitoids. A new 849 Ma age of a Kilbuck granitoid strengthens the proposed connection. Among the other new results from Kilbuck terrane is a 2085 Ma zircon from a granitoid that now stands as the oldest tightly dated rock in Alaska. We conclude that the Kilbuck, Farewell, and Arctic Alaska terranes were not independent entities with unique geologic histories but instead are related pieces of the circum-Arctic tectonic puzzle.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/675663","usgsCitation":"Bradley, D., McClelland, W.C., Friedman, R.M., O’Sullivan, P.B., Layer, P., Miller, M.L., Dumoulin, J.A., Till, A.B., Abbott, J.G., Bradley, D.B., and Wooden, J.L., 2014, Proterozoic geochronological links between the Farewell, Kilbuck, and Arctic Alaska terranes: The Journal of Geology, v. 122, no. 3, p. 237-258, https://doi.org/10.1086/675663.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"258","ipdsId":"IP-052584","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Till, Alison B. atill@usgs.gov","contributorId":2482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Till","given":"Alison","email":"atill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Abbott, J. Grant","contributorId":194068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abbott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Grant","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bradley, Dan B.","contributorId":44429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":193587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70189755,"text":"70189755 - 2014 - Rethinking turbidite paleoseismology along the Cascadia subduction zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-24T14:42:16","indexId":"70189755","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rethinking turbidite paleoseismology along the Cascadia subduction zone","docAbstract":"<p><span>A stratigraphic synthesis of dozens of deep-sea cores, most of them overlooked in recent decades, provides new insights into deep-sea turbidites as guides to earthquake and tsunami hazards along the Cascadia subduction zone, which extends 1100 km along the Pacific coast of North America. The synthesis shows greater variability in Holocene stratigraphy and facies off the Washington coast than was recognized a quarter century ago in a confluence test for seismic triggering of sediment gravity flows. That test compared counts of Holocene turbidites upstream and downstream of a deep-sea channel junction. Similarity in the turbidite counts among seven core sites provided evidence that turbidity currents from different submarine canyons usually reached the junction around the same time, as expected of widespread seismic triggering. The fuller synthesis, however, shows distinct differences between tributaries, and these differences suggest sediment routing for which the confluence test was not designed. The synthesis also bears on recent estimates of Cascadia earthquake magnitudes and recurrence intervals. The magnitude estimates hinge on stratigraphic correlations that discount variability in turbidite facies. The recurrence estimates require turbidites to represent megathrust earthquakes more dependably than they do along a flow path where turbidite frequency appears limited less by seismic shaking than by sediment supply. These concerns underscore the complexity of extracting earthquake history from deep-sea turbidites at Cascadia.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G35902.1","usgsCitation":"Atwater, B.F., Carson, B., Griggs, G.B., Johnson, H.P., and Salmi, M., 2014, Rethinking turbidite paleoseismology along the Cascadia subduction zone: Geology, v. 42, no. 9, p. 827-830, https://doi.org/10.1130/G35902.1.","productDescription":"Article: 4 p.; Supplemental figure","startPage":"827","endPage":"830","ipdsId":"IP-050965","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g35902.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344253,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia subduction zone","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -131,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              52\n            ],\n            [\n              -131,\n              52\n            ],\n            [\n              -131,\n              39\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59770754e4b0ec1a48889fb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atwater, Brian F. 0000-0003-1155-2815 atwater@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-2815","contributorId":3297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwater","given":"Brian","email":"atwater@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carson, Bobb","contributorId":38285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carson","given":"Bobb","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griggs, Gary B.","contributorId":88820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griggs","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, H. Paul","contributorId":99989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":706213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Salmi, Marie","contributorId":194236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salmi","given":"Marie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70188618,"text":"70188618 - 2014 - Frequency-dependent seismic attenuation in the eastern United States as observed from the 2011 central Virginia earthquake and aftershock sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-19T09:57:49","indexId":"70188618","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Frequency-dependent seismic attenuation in the eastern United States as observed from the 2011 central Virginia earthquake and aftershock sequence","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ground shaking due to earthquakes in the eastern United States (EUS) is felt at significantly greater distances than in the western United States (WUS) and for some earthquakes it has been shown to display a strong preferential direction. Shaking intensity variation can be due to propagation path effects, source directivity, and/or site amplification. In this paper, we use </span><i>S</i><span> and </span><i>Lg</i><span> waves recorded from the 2011 central Virginia earthquake and aftershock sequence, in the Central Virginia Seismic Zone, to quantify attenuation as frequency‐dependent </span><i>Q</i><span>(</span><i>f</i><span>). In support of observations based on shaking intensity, we observe high </span><i>Q</i><span> values in the EUS relative to previous studies in the WUS with especially efficient propagation along the structural trend of the Appalachian mountains. Our analysis of </span><i>Q</i><span>(</span><i>f</i><span>) quantifies the path effects of the northeast‐trending felt distribution previously inferred from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) “Did You Feel It” data, historic intensity data, and the asymmetrical distribution of rockfalls and landslides.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120130045","usgsCitation":"McNamara, D.E., Gee, L., Benz, H.M., and Chapman, M., 2014, Frequency-dependent seismic attenuation in the eastern United States as observed from the 2011 central Virginia earthquake and aftershock sequence: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 104, no. 1, p. 55-72, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130045.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"72","ipdsId":"IP-045883","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -70,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -70,\n              44\n            ],\n            [\n              -89,\n              44\n            ],\n            [\n              -89,\n              30\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5948e2a7e4b062508e354c76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNamara, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6860-0350 mcnamara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0350","contributorId":402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Daniel","email":"mcnamara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gee, Lind 0000-0003-2883-9847 lgee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2883-9847","contributorId":193064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"Lind","email":"lgee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapman, Martin","contributorId":45622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70188872,"text":"70188872 - 2014 - Modified expression for bulb-tracer depletion—Effect on argon dating standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-05T10:58:26","indexId":"70188872","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modified expression for bulb-tracer depletion—Effect on argon dating standards","docAbstract":"<p><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar geochronology depends critically on well-calibrated standards, often traceable to first-principles K-Ar age calibrations using bulb-tracer systems. Tracer systems also provide precise standards for noble-gas studies and interlaboratory calibration. The exponential expression long used for calculating isotope tracer concentrations in K-Ar age dating and calibration of </span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar age standards may provide a close approximation of those values, but is not correct. Appropriate equations are derived that accurately describe the depletion of tracer reservoirs and concentrations of sequential tracers. In the modified expression the depletion constant is not in the exponent, which only varies as integers by tracer-number. Evaluation of the expressions demonstrates that systematic error introduced through use of the original expression may be substantial where reservoir volumes are small and resulting depletion constants are large. Traditional use of large reservoir to tracer volumes and the resulting small depletion constants have kept errors well less than experimental uncertainties in most previous K-Ar and calibration studies. Use of the proper expression, however, permits use of volumes appropriate to the problems addressed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013GC005205","usgsCitation":"Fleck, R.J., and Calvert, A.T., 2014, Modified expression for bulb-tracer depletion—Effect on argon dating standards: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 15, no. 4, p. 1657-1662, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GC005205.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1657","endPage":"1662","ipdsId":"IP-052640","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013gc005205","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59521d23e4b062508e3c36ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleck, Robert J. 0000-0002-3149-8249 fleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-8249","contributorId":1048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Robert","email":"fleck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calvert, Andrew T. 0000-0001-5237-2218 acalvert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2218","contributorId":2694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"Andrew","email":"acalvert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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