The Fischer and Porter Company Superfund Site is underlain by sedimentary rocks of the Upper Triassic Stockton Formation, which consists of interbedded siltstone, very-fine grained to coarse-grained sandstone, and conglomerate in crudely defined, upward fining cycles. These rocks form a complex, heterogeneous, leaky, multiaquifer system comprised of a series of gently dipping lithologic units with different hydraulic properties. Ground water is unconfined in the shallower part of the aquifer and confined or semiconfined in the deeper part of the aquifer. Water levels measured in monitor well clusters and borehole-flow measurements made in open boreholes show a downward hydraulic head gradient at the site, caused in part by the pumping of nearby, deep public-supply wells and the Fischer and Porter treatment system extraction wells. Downward borehole flow was measured at rates up to 9 gallons per minute. Aquifer-isolation tests were run in the six boreholes to obtain depth-discrete specific-capacity and water-quality data. On the basis of specific-capacity data for 27 isolated intervals, specific capacity is not related to depth.
Water levels in monitor wells at the Fischer and Porter Site are greatly affected by the pumping of nearby public-supply wells, as well as the pumping of the Fischer and Porter treatment system extraction wells. Pumping of the public-supply wells causes daily water-level fluctuations in wells at the site as great as 5.3 feet. The shutdown of the Fischer and Porter treatment system extraction wells caused a rise in water level in all wells screened in the intermediate and deep zones. The rise in water level was as great as 4.3 feet in the intermediate zone and as great as 5.9 feet in the deep zone. The direction of ground-water flow is toward the north in the shallow and intermediate zones and toward the west and west-southwest in the deep zone. Ground-water discharge probably is to the unnamed tributary to Pennypack Creek north and west of the site.
Volatile organic compounds (VOC's) were detected in most depth-discrete water samples. No general trend of increasing or decreasing concentrations of VOC's with depth were observed, and none of the isolated intervals had highly elevated concentrations of VOC's. Observed fairly constant concentrations of VOC's with depth are the result of the downward head gradient and the former presence of open boreholes on the site. The downward head gradient and pumping of nearby, deep public-supply wells caused the vertical migration and outward movement of VOC's into the aquifer through former supply and monitor wells of open-hole construction in the main area of contamination.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954220","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., Macchiaroli, P., and Conger, R.W., 1995, Geohydrology and vertical distribution of volatile organic compounds in ground water, Fischer and Porter Company Superfund Site, Warminster, Bucks County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4220, Report: xii, 137 p.; 3 Plates: 26.95 x 13.94 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954220.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 137 p.; 3 Plates: 26.95 x 13.94 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4220/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58578,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4220/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":358464,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4220/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":358465,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4220/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":358466,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4220/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Bucks County","city":"Warminster","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.1,\n 40.16666\n ],\n [\n -75.05,\n 40.16666\n ],\n [\n -75.05,\n 40.2\n ],\n [\n -75.1,\n 40.2\n ],\n [\n -75.1,\n 40.16666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8be0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloto, Ronald A. rasloto@usgs.gov","contributorId":424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"Ronald","email":"rasloto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macchiaroli, Paola","contributorId":96309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macchiaroli","given":"Paola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conger, Randall W. rwconger@usgs.gov","contributorId":2086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conger","given":"Randall","email":"rwconger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30015,"text":"wri954211A - 1995 - Environmental setting of fixed sites in the western Lake Michigan drainages, Michigan and Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:03","indexId":"wri954211A","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4211","chapter":"A","title":"Environmental setting of fixed sites in the western Lake Michigan drainages, Michigan and Wisconsin","docAbstract":"This report describes selected environmental- setting features for 11 fixed surface-water sites in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages study unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment Pro- gram. The study unit, which includes 10 major river systems draining to Lake Michigan, is bounded on the south by the Illinois State line and extends north to about 31 miles north of Escanaba, Mich. The fixed sites are on the following streams: Peshekee River, Popple River, Menominee River, Pensaukee River, Duck Creek, Tomorrow River, East River, Fox River, North Branch Milwaukee River, Lincoln Creek, and Milwaukee River. Drainage basins above these sites receive runoff from land uses and land covers, bedrock types, and surficial deposits representative of the main types of each of these characteristics in the study unit. Data types collected at the fixed sites include water chemistry; organic compounds and trace elements in streambed sediment and biological tissues; algal, benthic-invertebrate, and fish communities; and aquatic habitat. Field measurements include water temperature, pH, specific conductance, alkalinity, and dissolved oxygen. Results of water- quality field measurements indicate little variation in temperature among the fixed sites. Specific conductance and alkalinity were generally higher at sites underlain by carbonate bedrock than at sites underlain by igneous/metamorphic bedrock. Differences in pH among the fixed sites were less than those for specific conductance and alkalinity, but pH seemed to increase slightly from north to south. Dissolved-oxygen concentration varied more at agricultural sites than at forested and urban sites, perhaps because of higher nutrient inputs at agricultural sites. The information included in this report has been assembled as reference material for ongoing studies at the fixed sites.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954211A","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, D.J., Peterson, E.M., and Richards, K., 1995, Environmental setting of fixed sites in the western Lake Michigan drainages, Michigan and Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4211, v, 30 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954211A.","productDescription":"v, 30 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4211a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58821,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4211a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67259a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, D. J.","contributorId":94693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, E. M.","contributorId":70805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richards, K.D.","contributorId":28635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29140,"text":"wri954108 - 1995 - Water budgets, water quality, and analysis of nutrient loading of the Winter Park Chain of Lakes, central Florida, 1989-92, with a section on littoral vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-23T16:16:35.832282","indexId":"wri954108","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4108","title":"Water budgets, water quality, and analysis of nutrient loading of the Winter Park Chain of Lakes, central Florida, 1989-92, with a section on littoral vegetation","docAbstract":"The Winter Park chain of lakes (Lakes Maitland, Virginia, Osceola, and Mizell) has a combined area of about 900 acres, an immediate drainage area of about 3,100 acres, and mean depths ranging from 11 to 15 feet. The lakes are an important recreational resource for the surrounding communities, but there is concern about the possible effects of stormwater runoff and seepage of nutrient-enriched ground water on the quality of water in the lakes.
The lakes receive water from several sources: rainfall on lake surfaces, inflow from other surface-water bodies, stormflow that enters the lakes through storm drains or by direct runoff from land adjacent to the lakes, and ground-water seepage. Water leaves the lakes by evaporation, surface outflow, and ground-water outflow. Of the three, only surface outflow can be measured directly. Rainfall, surface inflow and outflow, and lake-stage data were collected from October 1, 1989, to September 30, 1992. Stormflow, evaporation and ground-water inflow and outflow were estimated for the 3 years of the study. Ground-water outflow was calculated by evaluating the rate of lake-stage decline during dry periods. Estimated ground-water outflow was compared to downward leakage rates estimated by ground-water flow models. Lateral ground-water inflow from surficial sediments was calculated as the residual of the flow budget.
Flow budgets were calculated for the 3 years of the study. In water year 1992 (a year with about average rainfall), inflow consisted of rainfall, 48 inches; stormflow, 15 inches; surface inflow, 67 inches; and ground water, 40 inches. The calculated outflows were evaporation, 47 inches; surface outflow, 90 inches; and ground water, 33 inches.
Water-quality data also were used to calculate nutrient budgets for the lakes. Bimonthly water samples were collected from the lakes and at surface inflow and outflow sites, and were analyzed for physical characteristics, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, major ions, the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus, and chlorophyll (collected at lake sites only). Specific conductance ranged from about 190 to 230 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius in Lakes Maitland, Virginia and Osceola and from about 226 to 260 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius in Lake Mizell. The median concentrations of total ammonia-plus-organic nitrogen in all the lakes ranged from 0.79 to 0.99 milligrams per liter. Median total phosphorus concentrations ranged from less than 0.02 to 0.20 milligrams per liter. Stormwater samples were collected for 17 storms at one storm-drain site and 16 storms at another storm-drain site on Lake Osceola. Median total nitrogen concentrations at the sites were 2.23 and 3.06 milligrams per liter and median total phosphorus concentrations were 0.34 and 0.40 milligrams per liter.
The water quality in the Winter Park lakes generally is fair to good, based on a trophic-state index used by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection for assessing the tropic state of Florida lakes. This index was determined from median total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll-a concentrations, and median Secchi-disk transparency for all lakes for the period September 1989 to June 1992.
Based on a one-time sampling of 20 sites around the lakes, surficial ground-water quality is highly variable. Nutrient concentrations were highly variable and could not be correlated to the proximity of septic tanks. Fertilizer probably is the primary source of nutrients in the surficial ground water.
Nutrient budgets were calculated for the lakes for the 3 years of the study. The most variable source of nutrient loading to the lakes is stormwater. Nutrient-loading modeling indicates that reduction of nutrients in stormflow probably would improve lake-water quality. However, even with complete removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from stormwater, the lakes might still be mesotrophic with respect to both nutrients during periods of below average rainfall because of the input from the other sources of inflow to the lakes.
Littoral vegetation in the lakes was surveyed in March 1992. The length of shoreline containing vegetation was 44 percent in Lake Maitland, 62 percent in Lake Virginia, 46 percent in Lake Osceola, and 76 percent in Lake Mizell. The types of vegetation present generally were similar for all four lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954108","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G.G., German, E.R., Beckage, B., and Gain, W.S., 1995, Water budgets, water quality, and analysis of nutrient loading of the Winter Park Chain of Lakes, central Florida, 1989-92, with a section on littoral vegetation: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4108, vi, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954108.","productDescription":"vi, 96 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422857,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48211.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2332,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri954108","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159383,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Winter Park Chain of Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.4167,\n 28.6667\n ],\n [\n -81.4167,\n 28.53\n ],\n [\n -81.3,\n 28.53\n ],\n [\n -81.3,\n 28.6667\n ],\n [\n -81.4167,\n 28.6667\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67aeb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, G. G.","contributorId":82346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"German, E. R.","contributorId":86315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"German","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beckage, Brian","contributorId":289256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beckage","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62082,"text":"Department of Plant Biology & Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gain, W. Scott wsgain@usgs.gov","contributorId":346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gain","given":"W.","email":"wsgain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":888595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":25452,"text":"wri934197 - 1995 - Distribution and sources of nitrate, and presence of fluoride and pesticides, in parts of the Pasco Basin, Washington, 1986-88","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-16T19:30:11.829168","indexId":"wri934197","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4197","title":"Distribution and sources of nitrate, and presence of fluoride and pesticides, in parts of the Pasco Basin, Washington, 1986-88","docAbstract":"Ground water was sampled in a 900-square-mile agricultural area in the Pasco Basin, which includes parts of eastern Benton County and western Franklin County, Washington, to determine distributions of nitrate and fluoride. Additional data were obtained to determine if fertilizers, irrigation water, septic systems, and naturally occurring nitrate are sources of nitrate in ground water. Limited sampling also was done to determine if pesticides were present in the ground water.
Nitrate concentrations in ground water ranged from less than 0.1 to 100 milligrams per liter as nitrogen, and median concentrations of nitrate nitrogen in ground water were 3.2 and 6.7 milligrams per liter for Benton and Franklin Counties, respectively. In Franklin County, where a large percentage of the land is used for irrigated agriculture, nitrate nitrogen concentrations in water from 31 percent of sampled wells were equal to or greater than the maximum contaminant level for drinking water of 10 milligrams per liter. In Benton County, nitrate concentrations in water from about 10 percent of the sampled wells exceeded the maximum contaminant level.
Nitrate concentrations in ground water at some locations in Franklin County have increased by as much as two orders of magnitude since the early 1950's. Historical data generally were not available to evaluate changes of nitrate concentrations in ground water in Benton County, except for the area around the town of Finley. A comparison of data collected during this study with data collected during 1976-77 indicate that nitrate concentrations in ground water of the Finley area probably have not changed over the intervening period.
Applied nitrogen fertilizers are a major source of nitrate in ground water at many locations in the study area. Surface water used for irrigation does not contain sufficient nitrate to cause elevated concentrations in ground water. Instead, canal seepage, which makes up about 50 percent of the ground-water recharge in the study area, tends to dilute the nitrate present in ground water.
Septic systems in the Finley area of Benton County are a source of nitrate in ground water, but analyses of data and results of a numerical model analysis of nitrate concentrations in the unconfmed ground-water system indicate that they are not the primary source of nitrate in ground water in this area.
Naturally occurring nitrate may be a source of nitrate in ground water underlying Badger Coulee in Benton County. Average masses of natural nitrate per unit volume of sediment in two boreholes in Badger Coulee were equivalent to 2,590 and 964 pounds of nitrogen, respectively, in a block of sediments 50 feet thick underlying an acre of land. At most other locations in the study area, the amount of natural nitrate in ground water is probably small compared with nitrate from anthropogenic sources.
Fluoride concentrations in ground water in the study area ranged from less than 0.1 to 4.7 milligrams per liter; the median concentration was 0.5 milligram per liter. The concentration of fluoride in water from only two of 143 wells equalled or exceeded 2.0 milligrams per liter, which is the secondary maximum contaminant level for drinking water. Both are deep wells open to the Saddle Mountains Basalt in Franklin County. Large concentrations of fluoride in deep ground waters of the Pasco Basin are apparently the result of natural conditions in the deeper basalt aquifers.
One or more pesticide compounds were detected in 10 of 29 ground-water samples, which were analyzed for selected chlorophenoxy acid herbicides, triazine herbicides, carbamate insecticides, organophosphorus insecticides, and a few other types of pesticides. The sampling locations did not represent a random distribution, but instead, most were wells open to unconfined, shallow ground water in irrigated areas. The pesticides found include the herbicides atrazine, dicamba, metribuzin, picloram, and 2,4,5-T. Also present were aldicarb sulfone and aldicarb sulfoxide, which are degradation products of the insecticide aldicarb. Except for metribuzin, pesticide concentrations were at or near the analytical reporting limits. In all instances, the concentrations of pesticides detected were below the health advisory levels that are issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934197","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Ebbert, J., Cox, S., Drost, B., and Schurr, K., 1995, Distribution and sources of nitrate, and presence of fluoride and pesticides, in parts of the Pasco Basin, Washington, 1986-88: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4197, Report: vii, 173 p.; 3 Plates: 48.32 x 35.45 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934197.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 173 p.; 3 Plates: 48.32 x 35.45 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424442,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47890.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":351279,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4197/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":351278,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4197/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":351277,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4197/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118815,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4197/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54184,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4197/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Pasco Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.44859231635866,\n 47.54198150754928\n ],\n [\n -119.84390781849129,\n 47.54198150754928\n ],\n [\n -119.84390781849129,\n 46.0060605168527\n ],\n [\n -118.44859231635866,\n 46.0060605168527\n ],\n [\n -118.44859231635866,\n 47.54198150754928\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6348c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebbert, J.C.","contributorId":57451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebbert","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, S.E.","contributorId":66663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drost, B. W.","contributorId":38526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"B. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schurr, K.M.","contributorId":36102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schurr","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":23374,"text":"ofr95732 - 1995 - Water-quality, discharge, and biologic data for streams and springs in the Highland Rim Escarpment of southeastern Bedford County, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-08T18:54:18.89668","indexId":"ofr95732","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-732","title":"Water-quality, discharge, and biologic data for streams and springs in the Highland Rim Escarpment of southeastern Bedford County, Tennessee","docAbstract":"From November 1994 through April 1995, streams and springs in 9 drainage basins were observed and sampled at 176 sites to obtain information on environmental quality near the Quail Hollow landfill, Bedford County, Tennessee. Reconnaissance data were collected to establish a regional pattern. Water samples from 26 seepage sites were analyzed to determine water-quality conditions. During the reconnaissance, conductivity ranged regionally from 17 to 617 microsiemens per centimeter. The greatest biologic diversity was in Bennett Branch, followed by Daniel Hollow, Prince, Powell and Renegar, County Line, and Anthony Branches, Hurricane Creek, and Anderton Branch, respectively. In general, conductivity was less than 50 microsiemens per centimeter at and upstream of the Chattanooga Shale but increased downstream to between 200 and 300 microsiemens per centimeter. Of the constituents and properties analyzed, only pH and four metals at six sites had values that were not within the limits set by the State of Tennessee for drinking water. Chloride and dissolved manganese concentrations were highest for a spring and a seep adjacent to the landfill. Scans indicated the presence of about 37 unidentified organic compounds at these same two sites.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95732","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hollyday, E., and Byl, T., 1995, Water-quality, discharge, and biologic data for streams and springs in the Highland Rim Escarpment of southeastern Bedford County, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-732, iv, 36 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95732.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156960,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1710,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr95-732/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","county":"Bedford County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-83.472108,36.597284],[-83.2763,36.598187],[-83.261099,36.593887],[-83.248933,36.593827],[-82.679879,36.593698],[-82.487238,36.595822],[-82.466613,36.594481],[-82.211005,36.59586],[-81.934144,36.594213],[-81.922644,36.616213],[-81.6469,36.611918],[-81.680137,36.585518],[-81.677036,36.570718],[-81.679936,36.568618],[-81.690236,36.568718],[-81.692506,36.565748],[-81.689115,36.555912],[-81.69003,36.552154],[-81.697539,36.544359],[-81.699962,36.536829],[-81.707963,36.536209],[-81.707573,36.526101],[-81.702543,36.520317],[-81.697744,36.508448],[-81.699928,36.498018],[-81.697261,36.496141],[-81.695907,36.49158],[-81.697287,36.484738],[-81.695311,36.467912],[-81.699223,36.463959],[-81.708247,36.462217],[-81.71489,36.45722],[-81.715229,36.436532],[-81.720734,36.422537],[-81.738292,36.410756],[-81.739648,36.406686],[-81.737952,36.39719],[-81.731509,36.392103],[-81.729813,36.388033],[-81.732865,36.376502],[-81.726082,36.368893],[-81.721334,36.353101],[-81.707785,36.346007],[-81.705299,36.341852],[-81.707438,36.335171],[-81.713194,36.334108],[-81.721015,36.338645],[-81.730976,36.341187],[-81.747842,36.337356],[-81.766102,36.338517],[-81.777972,36.346318],[-81.787468,36.348692],[-81.795269,36.357849],[-81.800812,36.358073],[-81.812904,36.351066],[-81.833202,36.347339],[-81.841268,36.343321],[-81.857333,36.334787],[-81.879382,36.313767],[-81.887243,36.309193],[-81.897701,36.307446],[-81.908137,36.302013],[-82.02664,36.130222],[-82.02874,36.124322],[-82.033141,36.120422],[-82.037941,36.121122],[-82.043941,36.125421],[-82.054142,36.126821],[-82.061342,36.113121],[-82.079743,36.10652],[-82.098544,36.105719],[-82.105444,36.108119],[-82.115245,36.104618],[-82.127146,36.104417],[-82.130646,36.106417],[-82.137974,36.119576],[-82.136547,36.128817],[-82.147948,36.149516],[-82.182549,36.143714],[-82.204872,36.157067],[-82.213852,36.159112],[-82.222052,36.156911],[-82.224852,36.150011],[-82.247521,36.130865],[-82.253253,36.13371],[-82.260353,36.13371],[-82.26569,36.127614],[-82.26875,36.12704],[-82.274054,36.12941],[-82.280354,36.12881],[-82.288455,36.13541],[-82.302855,36.13131],[-82.318156,36.12091],[-82.336756,36.114909],[-82.346857,36.115209],[-82.349957,36.117109],[-82.355157,36.115609],[-82.366566,36.10765],[-82.375558,36.105609],[-82.380458,36.099309],[-82.389958,36.096909],[-82.409458,36.083409],[-82.460658,36.007809],[-82.47419,36.000108],[-82.482292,35.997823],[-82.484678,35.992849],[-82.505384,35.97768],[-82.531292,35.972188],[-82.549682,35.964275],[-82.557874,35.953901],[-82.57517,35.958384],[-82.577719,35.964196],[-82.581003,35.965557],[-82.591977,35.966385],[-82.60037,35.964626],[-82.610889,35.967409],[-82.610885,35.974442],[-82.604239,35.987319],[-82.606944,35.99217],[-82.612604,35.993488],[-82.614362,36.003506],[-82.604327,36.018187],[-82.595525,36.026012],[-82.594873,36.029598],[-82.602877,36.039833],[-82.609663,36.044906],[-82.618164,36.047005],[-82.617264,36.054205],[-82.618664,36.056105],[-82.632265,36.065705],[-82.637165,36.065805],[-82.650165,36.057805],[-82.662665,36.055005],[-82.683565,36.046104],[-82.688865,36.038604],[-82.701065,36.034404],[-82.707465,36.030104],[-82.715165,36.028604],[-82.715965,36.022804],[-82.725065,36.018204],[-82.731865,36.017604],[-82.750065,36.006004],[-82.776001,36.000103],[-82.779397,35.992511],[-82.785267,35.987927],[-82.785558,35.977795],[-82.774905,35.971978],[-82.777751,35.966912],[-82.784536,35.963905],[-82.787465,35.952163],[-82.800431,35.944155],[-82.805851,35.937938],[-82.802769,35.930129],[-82.804997,35.927168],[-82.811067,35.926801],[-82.821861,35.921839],[-82.828933,35.932932],[-82.852554,35.949089],[-82.860724,35.94743],[-82.874159,35.952698],[-82.892659,35.945182],[-82.898505,35.945101],[-82.901713,35.937713],[-82.902374,35.929852],[-82.910608,35.92693],[-82.911936,35.921618],[-82.911671,35.914711],[-82.906917,35.907397],[-82.901843,35.89293],[-82.903968,35.885492],[-82.899718,35.879914],[-82.899718,35.874602],[-82.918312,35.863977],[-82.920974,35.851073],[-82.919108,35.844851],[-82.920171,35.841664],[-82.931859,35.836351],[-82.937437,35.82732],[-82.945515,35.824662],[-82.961724,35.800491],[-82.964088,35.78998],[-82.969648,35.789663],[-82.98397,35.77801],[-82.992053,35.773948],[-83.001473,35.773752],[-83.006067,35.778404],[-83.036209,35.787405],[-83.044108,35.785347],[-83.052677,35.789548],[-83.063975,35.786643],[-83.07403,35.790016],[-83.085205,35.785794],[-83.097193,35.776067],[-83.120183,35.766234],[-83.127707,35.768093],[-83.14808,35.764295],[-83.159208,35.764892],[-83.164909,35.759965],[-83.16477,35.754618],[-83.170173,35.746107],[-83.177499,35.743913],[-83.185685,35.72989],[-83.198267,35.725494],[-83.203752,35.726553],[-83.214501,35.724434],[-83.219981,35.726601],[-83.240669,35.72676],[-83.243501,35.722533],[-83.251247,35.719916],[-83.255351,35.71623],[-83.25561,35.696061],[-83.258117,35.691924],[-83.269277,35.685403],[-83.271378,35.681476],[-83.289165,35.674509],[-83.291075,35.667131],[-83.297154,35.65775],[-83.312757,35.654809],[-83.321101,35.662815],[-83.334965,35.665471],[-83.337683,35.663074],[-83.35156,35.659858],[-83.355537,35.654632],[-83.356202,35.650019],[-83.366941,35.638728],[-83.372174,35.63931],[-83.377984,35.634496],[-83.388722,35.633584],[-83.392652,35.625095],[-83.396626,35.62272],[-83.406061,35.620185],[-83.42037,35.613467],[-83.420964,35.611596],[-83.432298,35.609941],[-83.445802,35.611803],[-83.455722,35.598045],[-83.462678,35.5926],[-83.471362,35.590304],[-83.472684,35.586552],[-83.479082,35.583316],[-83.478523,35.579202],[-83.485527,35.568204],[-83.498335,35.562981],[-83.517564,35.562871],[-83.520469,35.565602],[-83.552167,35.564346],[-83.56609,35.565993],[-83.58559,35.562941],[-83.59427,35.572912],[-83.601854,35.578228],[-83.608889,35.579451],[-83.615312,35.574026],[-83.629734,35.567889],[-83.632358,35.569093],[-83.640498,35.566075],[-83.676268,35.570289],[-83.700663,35.567621],[-83.707199,35.568533],[-83.723459,35.561874],[-83.732947,35.563149],[-83.735669,35.565455],[-83.749894,35.561146],[-83.756917,35.563604],[-83.764606,35.561538],[-83.771736,35.562118],[-83.773092,35.557465],[-83.780129,35.550387],[-83.802434,35.541588],[-83.809798,35.53431],[-83.82559,35.523829],[-83.831895,35.524766],[-83.848502,35.519259],[-83.859261,35.521851],[-83.87263,35.521145],[-83.880074,35.518745],[-83.892074,35.503089],[-83.901381,35.496553],[-83.901527,35.491026],[-83.905612,35.48906],[-83.911773,35.476028],[-83.916801,35.473612],[-83.937015,35.471511],[-83.949389,35.461164],[-83.952814,35.460645],[-83.955416,35.463456],[-83.961053,35.464143],[-83.9614,35.459496],[-83.965229,35.455399],[-83.971439,35.455145],[-83.973057,35.448921],[-83.978286,35.44782],[-83.983233,35.44235],[-83.992568,35.438065],[-84.00225,35.422548],[-84.014707,35.411983],[-84.020633,35.409843],[-84.021507,35.404183],[-84.018807,35.399783],[-84.014107,35.397783],[-84.008207,35.390383],[-84.011207,35.384383],[-84.008307,35.378883],[-84.007586,35.371661],[-84.023456,35.354217],[-84.035343,35.350833],[-84.038081,35.348363],[-84.029377,35.333197],[-84.032209,35.328583],[-84.03571,35.312883],[-84.02651,35.309283],[-84.02141,35.301383],[-84.02351,35.295783],[-84.036011,35.288683],[-84.042711,35.278383],[-84.052612,35.269982],[-84.081117,35.261146],[-84.082913,35.257082],[-84.097508,35.247382],[-84.108449,35.25033],[-84.113314,35.248981],[-84.12115,35.250644],[-84.124915,35.24983],[-84.127315,35.244414],[-84.13057,35.243364],[-84.143124,35.246879],[-84.158916,35.24588],[-84.160416,35.24388],[-84.170416,35.245779],[-84.178516,35.240679],[-84.188417,35.239979],[-84.192217,35.243079],[-84.200117,35.244679],[-84.202879,35.255772],[-84.211818,35.266078],[-84.223718,35.269078],[-84.231818,35.264778],[-84.243019,35.253178],[-84.252819,35.249477],[-84.260319,35.241877],[-84.27542,35.234777],[-84.28322,35.226577],[-84.289621,35.224677],[-84.321869,34.988408],[-84.939306,34.987916],[-85.466713,34.982972],[-85.824411,34.988142],[-86.397203,34.99166],[-86.862147,34.991956],[-87.391314,35.002374],[-88.202959,35.008028],[-88.200064,34.995634],[-88.886979,34.995868],[-89.434954,34.993754],[-90.309297,34.995694],[-90.309877,35.00975],[-90.306897,35.018194],[-90.297296,35.037893],[-90.291996,35.041793],[-90.265296,35.040293],[-90.262396,35.036393],[-90.256495,35.034493],[-90.230611,35.03132],[-90.214382,35.025795],[-90.209397,35.026546],[-90.200124,35.032813],[-90.196095,35.0374],[-90.197146,35.050731],[-90.195133,35.061793],[-90.181387,35.091401],[-90.176843,35.112088],[-90.173603,35.118073],[-90.160058,35.12883],[-90.142794,35.135091],[-90.109393,35.118891],[-90.100593,35.116691],[-90.08342,35.12167],[-90.065392,35.137691],[-90.066482,35.151074],[-90.069402,35.153646],[-90.092944,35.157228],[-90.105525,35.170695],[-90.109177,35.178451],[-90.114214,35.181691],[-90.117393,35.18789],[-90.116182,35.198498],[-90.109076,35.199105],[-90.097408,35.194794],[-90.088597,35.212376],[-90.081173,35.208153],[-90.07682,35.208817],[-90.074547,35.211214],[-90.074155,35.21707],[-90.07875,35.227806],[-90.097947,35.249983],[-90.105093,35.254288],[-90.116493,35.255788],[-90.140394,35.252289],[-90.152094,35.255989],[-90.158865,35.262577],[-90.168794,35.279088],[-90.165194,35.293188],[-90.158913,35.300637],[-90.149794,35.303288],[-90.139504,35.298828],[-90.123707,35.30453],[-90.117219,35.303384],[-90.109093,35.304987],[-90.106824,35.324618],[-90.103862,35.332405],[-90.110293,35.342786],[-90.107312,35.343143],[-90.096825,35.357216],[-90.087903,35.36327],[-90.074992,35.384152],[-90.07993,35.385272],[-90.09665,35.395257],[-90.112504,35.410153],[-90.130475,35.413745],[-90.135125,35.412977],[-90.14166,35.408563],[-90.146191,35.399468],[-90.143475,35.387602],[-90.13551,35.376668],[-90.144924,35.374633],[-90.166246,35.374745],[-90.178341,35.382092],[-90.179265,35.385194],[-90.1707,35.410065],[-90.169002,35.421853],[-90.129448,35.441931],[-90.11839,35.468791],[-90.107723,35.476935],[-90.098719,35.478595],[-90.085009,35.478835],[-90.080128,35.476844],[-90.067798,35.466224],[-90.067206,35.460957],[-90.074063,35.439611],[-90.074082,35.433983],[-90.070549,35.423291],[-90.062018,35.41518],[-90.069283,35.408306],[-90.054585,35.389604],[-90.044856,35.392964],[-90.041563,35.39662],[-90.056644,35.403786],[-90.046598,35.412966],[-90.04264,35.421237],[-90.031584,35.427662],[-90.026584,35.440103],[-90.026604,35.447788],[-90.018842,35.464816],[-90.020386,35.470257],[-90.034976,35.480705],[-90.043517,35.492298],[-90.048519,35.504357],[-90.050277,35.515275],[-90.039744,35.548041],[-90.032938,35.55344],[-90.023903,35.556336],[-90.017312,35.555996],[-90.008293,35.560065],[-89.989363,35.560043],[-89.97631,35.553872],[-89.958498,35.541703],[-89.955641,35.534518],[-89.957715,35.527192],[-89.94801,35.52009],[-89.933614,35.518538],[-89.919331,35.51387],[-89.909022,35.520548],[-89.903882,35.534175],[-89.910787,35.538718],[-89.910789,35.547515],[-89.914177,35.549713],[-89.929101,35.551545],[-89.941393,35.556555],[-89.95669,35.581426],[-89.956749,35.590511],[-89.945405,35.601611],[-89.912172,35.617055],[-89.894346,35.615535],[-89.876548,35.626653],[-89.856619,35.634444],[-89.851825,35.644262],[-89.851176,35.657432],[-89.858935,35.66906],[-89.864782,35.670385],[-89.877158,35.666136],[-89.886979,35.653637],[-89.898916,35.650904],[-89.915427,35.652782],[-89.931036,35.660044],[-89.937383,35.665711],[-89.9427,35.675121],[-89.955753,35.690621],[-89.958882,35.723834],[-89.956254,35.733386],[-89.950278,35.738493],[-89.915491,35.754917],[-89.909996,35.759396],[-89.905538,35.759063],[-89.888163,35.750077],[-89.877256,35.741369],[-89.872845,35.741299],[-89.846343,35.755732],[-89.832895,35.754905],[-89.821216,35.756716],[-89.812891,35.761154],[-89.799249,35.775439],[-89.797053,35.782648],[-89.799331,35.788503],[-89.781793,35.805084],[-89.765457,35.809513],[-89.765442,35.811214],[-89.743025,35.805817],[-89.734044,35.806174],[-89.723426,35.809382],[-89.706085,35.81826],[-89.701045,35.828227],[-89.704351,35.835726],[-89.729517,35.847632],[-89.764343,35.858313],[-89.772467,35.865098],[-89.772855,35.876244],[-89.765689,35.891299],[-89.741241,35.906749],[-89.714934,35.906247],[-89.688141,35.896946],[-89.677012,35.88572],[-89.669553,35.883281],[-89.655452,35.886912],[-89.64727,35.89492],[-89.644838,35.904351],[-89.652279,35.921462],[-89.686924,35.947716],[-89.714565,35.963034],[-89.719679,35.970939],[-89.718801,35.985015],[-89.728442,35.993568],[-89.733095,36.000608],[-89.706932,36.000981],[-89.703571,36.00804],[-89.692437,36.020507],[-89.688577,36.029238],[-89.678821,36.084636],[-89.666598,36.095802],[-89.628305,36.106853],[-89.601936,36.11947],[-89.59307,36.129699],[-89.592206,36.15012],[-89.594397,36.155457],[-89.607004,36.171179],[-89.618228,36.179966],[-89.636893,36.188951],[-89.69263,36.224959],[-89.704459,36.235468],[-89.705328,36.239898],[-89.698568,36.250591],[-89.695235,36.252766],[-89.678046,36.248284],[-89.652518,36.250692],[-89.642182,36.249486],[-89.611145,36.239271],[-89.602374,36.238106],[-89.577544,36.242262],[-89.562206,36.250909],[-89.544743,36.247484],[-89.539229,36.248821],[-89.534745,36.252576],[-89.535529,36.270541],[-89.539487,36.277368],[-89.544797,36.280458],[-89.554289,36.277751],[-89.578492,36.288317],[-89.611819,36.309088],[-89.620255,36.323006],[-89.6198,36.329546],[-89.615841,36.336085],[-89.605668,36.342234],[-89.581636,36.342357],[-89.560439,36.337746],[-89.545006,36.336809],[-89.531822,36.339246],[-89.519,36.3486],[-89.513178,36.359897],[-89.509722,36.373626],[-89.51038,36.378356],[-89.525293,36.400446],[-89.542337,36.420103],[-89.545255,36.427079],[-89.543406,36.43877],[-89.52519,36.453991],[-89.51972,36.467002],[-89.520642,36.478668],[-89.534524,36.491432],[-89.5391,36.498201],[-89.485106,36.497692],[-89.493495,36.4787],[-89.493198,36.470124],[-89.486215,36.46162],[-89.471718,36.457001],[-89.460436,36.45814],[-89.448468,36.46442],[-89.429311,36.481875],[-89.417293,36.499033],[-89.391044,36.499079],[-89.300284,36.507147],[-88.964471,36.502191],[-88.545192,36.501814],[-88.053292,36.497131],[-88.037822,36.51385],[-88.03783,36.521015],[-88.032489,36.540662],[-88.045127,36.602939],[-88.055738,36.630475],[-88.057042,36.64054],[-88.068208,36.659747],[-88.070532,36.678118],[-88.011792,36.677025],[-87.849567,36.663701],[-87.853204,36.633247],[-87.425009,36.641047],[-87.011522,36.643949],[-86.589906,36.652486],[-86.564254,36.633554],[-86.551292,36.637985],[-86.550054,36.644817],[-86.543388,36.64389],[-86.543777,36.640536],[-86.507771,36.652445],[-86.333051,36.648778],[-86.033139,36.630413],[-85.832172,36.622046],[-85.488353,36.614994],[-85.324654,36.62455],[-85.300402,36.624437],[-85.290627,36.62645],[-85.195372,36.625498],[-85.024627,36.619354],[-84.843091,36.605127],[-84.543138,36.596277],[-83.987842,36.5896],[-83.690714,36.582581],[-83.677114,36.596582],[-83.675413,36.600814],[-83.622624,36.598061],[-83.472108,36.597284]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Tennessee\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e537c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hollyday, E. F.","contributorId":95062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollyday","given":"E. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byl, T.D.","contributorId":86373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byl","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22111,"text":"ofr96297 - 1995 - Report for air-gun data acquired at onshore stations during the 1994 Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE), California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:51","indexId":"ofr96297","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-297","title":"Report for air-gun data acquired at onshore stations during the 1994 Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE), California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96297","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Okaya, D.A., Bhowmik, J., Fuis, G., Murphy, J., Robertson, M., Chakraborty, A., Benthien, M., Hafner, K., and Norris, J., 1995, Report for air-gun data acquired at onshore stations during the 1994 Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE), California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-297, 224 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96297.","productDescription":"224 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0297/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51554,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0297/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c07b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Okaya, D. A.","contributorId":64280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okaya","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bhowmik, Joyjeet","contributorId":99175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhowmik","given":"Joyjeet","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuis, G. S.","contributorId":83131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murphy, J.M.","contributorId":84760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robertson, M.C.","contributorId":15228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chakraborty, Avijit","contributorId":68768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chakraborty","given":"Avijit","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Benthien, M.L.","contributorId":20780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benthien","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hafner, Katrin","contributorId":68344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hafner","given":"Katrin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Norris, J.J.","contributorId":27884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":26512,"text":"wri944024 - 1995 - Water-quality assessment of the White River Basin, Indiana: Analysis of available information on pesticides, 1972-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-23T19:41:50.265973","indexId":"wri944024","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4024","title":"Water-quality assessment of the White River Basin, Indiana: Analysis of available information on pesticides, 1972-92","docAbstract":"An analysis of historical pesticide data (1972-92) for the White River was conducted as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Data on the presence of pesticides in streams, bottom sediments, fish, and ground waters were examined. Results are interpreted with respect to spatial, seasonal, and streamflow effects. Concentrations of water-soluble pesticides reach a peak during the first storm following application and remain elevated for 1 to 2 months. The most herbicide loading to the White River occurs during this time, when about 1 percent of the applied herbicides are transported out of the White River Basin. Bottom sediments and fish were analyzed for lipophilic pesticides. Dieldrin, components of technical chlordane, and DDT-related compounds were the most frequently detected. In areas where pesticide concentrations in sediment were high, concentrations in fish were high, indicating that bottom sediments are probably the primary source of lipophilic pesticides in aquatic biota. Ground- water/surface-water interaction and the presence of pesticides in ground waters were examined. The bedrock karst region had the highest degree of ground-water/surface-water interaction, indicating that the shallow ground water is susceptible to contamination from surface sources. Atrazine was the most frequently detected pesticides in ground waters. All wells where pesticides were detected are in karst or alluvial outwash, indicating that these geomorphic units are highly susceptible to contamination.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri944024","usgsCitation":"Carter, D.S., Lydy, M.J., and Crawford, C.G., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the White River Basin, Indiana: Analysis of available information on pesticides, 1972-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4024, vi, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944024.","productDescription":"vi, 60 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396381,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47934.htm"},{"id":157855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4024/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55382,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4024/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"White River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.8309326171875,\n 40.24808787647333\n ],\n [\n -85.2264404296875,\n 40.250184183819854\n ],\n [\n -85.27313232421875,\n 40.29000168607602\n ],\n [\n -85.3143310546875,\n 40.32141999593439\n ],\n [\n -85.37200927734375,\n 40.34235741658332\n ],\n [\n -85.462646484375,\n 40.32560799973207\n ],\n [\n -85.54504394531249,\n 40.28581147399602\n ],\n [\n -85.58074951171875,\n 40.287906612507406\n ],\n [\n -85.62744140625,\n 40.29419163838167\n ],\n [\n -85.682373046875,\n 40.29000168607602\n ],\n [\n -85.7098388671875,\n 40.23970199781759\n ],\n [\n -85.76751708984375,\n 40.233411907115055\n ],\n [\n -85.78399658203125,\n 40.28162100214798\n ],\n [\n -85.84991455078125,\n 40.26904802805884\n ],\n [\n -85.8856201171875,\n 40.222927124178\n ],\n [\n -85.9185791015625,\n 40.195659093364654\n ],\n [\n -85.97076416015625,\n 40.153686857794035\n ],\n [\n -86.04766845703125,\n 40.12429084831405\n ],\n [\n -86.06689453125,\n 40.08857859823707\n ],\n [\n -86.15478515625,\n 40.042334918180536\n ],\n [\n -86.17401123046875,\n 40.00026797264677\n ],\n [\n -86.19873046875,\n 39.98343393295322\n ],\n [\n -86.24542236328125,\n 39.97922477476731\n ],\n [\n -86.30584716796875,\n 39.95396438076642\n ],\n [\n -86.42669677734375,\n 39.91394967016644\n ],\n [\n -86.52557373046875,\n 39.871803651624425\n ],\n [\n -86.65191650390624,\n 39.812755695478124\n ],\n [\n -86.77825927734375,\n 39.7642140375156\n ],\n [\n -86.8304443359375,\n 39.71352536237346\n ],\n [\n -86.85791015625,\n 39.66491373749131\n ],\n [\n -86.9073486328125,\n 39.6437675734185\n ],\n [\n -86.9512939453125,\n 39.61626788999701\n ],\n [\n -87.0391845703125,\n 39.53158493558717\n ],\n [\n -87.08587646484375,\n 39.487084981687495\n ],\n [\n -87.1051025390625,\n 39.417098913067754\n ],\n [\n -87.25067138671875,\n 39.330048552942415\n ],\n [\n -87.42919921875,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -87.42645263671875,\n 39.21948715423953\n ],\n [\n -87.3907470703125,\n 39.198205348894795\n ],\n [\n -87.3907470703125,\n 39.12366825402605\n ],\n [\n -87.38525390624999,\n 39.08743603215884\n ],\n [\n -87.3468017578125,\n 38.9914373369788\n ],\n [\n -87.34130859375,\n 38.905995699991145\n ],\n [\n -87.3138427734375,\n 38.839707613545144\n ],\n [\n -87.308349609375,\n 38.826870521380634\n ],\n [\n -87.3138427734375,\n 38.751941349470876\n ],\n [\n -87.30560302734375,\n 38.71123253895224\n ],\n [\n -87.31658935546875,\n 38.70265930723801\n ],\n [\n -87.35504150390625,\n 38.64047263931154\n ],\n [\n -87.38525390624999,\n 38.60828592850559\n ],\n [\n -87.42919921875,\n 38.59755381474309\n ],\n [\n -87.49786376953125,\n 38.58896696823242\n ],\n [\n -87.55828857421875,\n 38.58037909468592\n ],\n [\n -87.61322021484375,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -87.6434326171875,\n 38.47724452895557\n ],\n [\n -87.6214599609375,\n 38.43422817624596\n ],\n [\n -87.50335693359375,\n 38.444984668894705\n ],\n [\n -87.4676513671875,\n 38.485844721434205\n ],\n [\n -87.4127197265625,\n 38.49229419236133\n ],\n [\n -87.38525390624999,\n 38.47509432050245\n ],\n [\n -87.2808837890625,\n 38.46434231629165\n ],\n [\n -87.2149658203125,\n 38.48369476951686\n ],\n [\n -87.176513671875,\n 38.543869175876154\n ],\n [\n -87.14355468749999,\n 38.59540719940386\n ],\n [\n -87.10784912109375,\n 38.62330819136028\n ],\n [\n -87.066650390625,\n 38.65334327823747\n ],\n [\n -86.95404052734375,\n 38.62545397209084\n ],\n [\n -86.91009521484375,\n 38.60613963414789\n ],\n [\n -86.80572509765625,\n 38.634036452919226\n ],\n [\n -86.77825927734375,\n 38.655488159953\n ],\n [\n -86.75354003906249,\n 38.62330819136028\n ],\n [\n -86.63543701171875,\n 38.59755381474309\n ],\n [\n -86.62445068359375,\n 38.64476310916202\n ],\n [\n -86.61346435546874,\n 38.67264490154078\n ],\n [\n -86.56951904296875,\n 38.67907761983558\n ],\n [\n -86.53656005859375,\n 38.65763297744505\n ],\n [\n -86.495361328125,\n 38.65119833229951\n ],\n [\n -86.4239501953125,\n 38.62545397209084\n ],\n [\n -86.34979248046875,\n 38.64047263931154\n ],\n [\n -86.24542236328125,\n 38.70694605159386\n ],\n [\n -86.16851806640624,\n 38.736946065676\n ],\n [\n -86.1053466796875,\n 38.74123075381231\n ],\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 38.74337300148126\n ],\n [\n -85.98724365234375,\n 38.736946065676\n ],\n [\n -85.90484619140625,\n 38.71980474264239\n ],\n [\n -85.814208984375,\n 38.69622870885282\n ],\n [\n -85.75653076171875,\n 38.69622870885282\n ],\n [\n -85.69061279296875,\n 38.71980474264239\n ],\n [\n -85.63018798828125,\n 38.739088441876866\n ],\n [\n -85.58074951171875,\n 38.777640223073355\n ],\n [\n -85.58624267578125,\n 38.89958342598271\n ],\n [\n -85.60272216796875,\n 38.929502416386605\n ],\n [\n -85.594482421875,\n 38.97862765746913\n ],\n [\n -85.60272216796875,\n 39.00851330385611\n ],\n [\n -85.6329345703125,\n 39.034119526392836\n ],\n [\n -85.60821533203125,\n 39.06184913429154\n ],\n [\n -85.54779052734375,\n 39.07890809706475\n ],\n [\n -85.52032470703125,\n 39.14710270770074\n ],\n [\n -85.53680419921875,\n 39.191819549771694\n ],\n [\n -85.53680419921875,\n 39.234380580544276\n ],\n [\n -85.550537109375,\n 39.27266344858914\n ],\n [\n -85.53955078125,\n 39.33429742980725\n ],\n [\n -85.3912353515625,\n 39.45528185347343\n ],\n [\n -85.25115966796875,\n 39.552765371831015\n ],\n [\n -85.25115966796875,\n 39.620499321968104\n ],\n [\n -85.2593994140625,\n 39.65857056750545\n ],\n [\n -85.24841308593749,\n 39.71352536237346\n ],\n [\n -85.111083984375,\n 39.83385008019448\n ],\n [\n -85.09735107421875,\n 39.88023492849342\n ],\n [\n -85.04241943359375,\n 39.91394967016644\n ],\n [\n -84.98199462890625,\n 39.9602803542957\n ],\n [\n -84.9188232421875,\n 40.006579667838636\n ],\n [\n -84.891357421875,\n 40.04654018618778\n ],\n [\n -84.87487792968749,\n 40.069664523297774\n ],\n [\n -84.85015869140625,\n 40.094882122321174\n ],\n [\n -84.81994628906249,\n 40.17467622056341\n ],\n [\n -84.8309326171875,\n 40.24808787647333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6dbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Donna S.","contributorId":62640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lydy, Michael J. 0000-0003-1633-2109","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1633-2109","contributorId":75969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lydy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":196522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30222,"text":"wri954028 - 1995 - Hydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Aguadilla to Rio Camuy area, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri954028","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4028","title":"Hydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Aguadilla to Rio Camuy area, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"The aquifers of the Aguadilla to Rio Camuy area, in the northwestern part of Puerto Rico, are the least developed of those on the north coast, and relatively little information is available concerning the ground-water system. The present study, which was part of a comprehensive appraisal of the ground-water resources of the North Coast Province, attempts to interpret the hydrology of the area within the constraints of available data. The study area consists of an uplifted rolling plain that is 200 to 400 feet above sea level and a heavily forested, karst upland. The only major streams in the area are the Rfo Camuy and the Rio Guajataca. Most water used in the area is obtained from Lago de Guajataca, just south of the study area, and ground-water use is minimal (less than 5 million gallons per day). Sedimentary rocks of Tertiary age, mainly limestone and calcareous clays, comprise the aquifers of the Aguadilla to Rio Camuy area. The rocks generally dip from 4 to 7 degrees to the north, and the total sedimentary rock sequence may be as much as 6,000 feet thick near the Atlantic coast. Baseflows for the Rio Camuy are 58 cubic feet per second near Bayaney and 72 cubic feet per second near Hatillo. The ground-water discharge to the Rio Camuy between these stations is estimated to be 15 cubic feet per second, or 2.6 cubic feet per second per linear mile. The flow of the Rio Guajataca is regulated by the Guajataca Dam at Lago de Guajataca. Ground-water discharge to the Rio Guajataca between the dam and the coast is estimated to be about 17 cubic feet per.second, based on the average ground-water discharge per linear mile estimated for the Rio Camuy. Both water-table and artesian aquifers are present in the Aguadilla to Rio Camuy area; how-ever, most ground water occurs within the watertable aquifer, which was the primary focus of this study. The top of the confining unit, below the water-table aquifer, generally is within the unnamed upper member of the Cibao Formation; however, it is within the Los Puertos Formation in the eastern part of the study area. The water-table aquifer primarily is composed of rocks of the Aymam6n Limestone and the Los Puertos Formation. The estimated saturated thickness of the water-table aquifer ranges from zero at the southern limit of the aquifer to more than 600 feet south of Isabela. Hydraulic conductivity of the Aymam6n Limestone, based on specific-capacity test data for seven wells, ranges from about 1 to about 25 feet per day and averages 7.5 feet per day. Hydraulic conductivity of the Los Puertos Formation, based on specific-capacity test data for four wells, generally was less than 7 feet. per day. The average hydraulic-conductivity value for both the Aymam6n Limestone and the Los Puertos Formation, based on specific-capacity test data, is estimated to be about 6.0 feet per day. These hydraulic-conductivity values are much less than average values for the water-table aquifer reported for other parts of the North Coast Province. Transmissivity values, based on the average hydraulic-conductivity value for the aquifer derived from specific-capacity tests, range from zero to about 4,000 feet squared per day; however, these values were adjusted upward during model calibration. Ground water generally moves from the highlands in the south toward the sea to the north and west, and locally, to streams. A major groundwater divide extends from the southeastern corner of the study area to the northwest, and separates flow north and east into the study area from flow to the southwest toward the Rio Culebrinas. Nearly all recharge to the aquifer is from infiltration of rainfall into the karst uplands. Discharge from the aquifer primarily occurs as leakage to streams and to the sea, and to a lesser degree as flow to wells. A two-layer, three-dimensional, steady-state, numerical model was constructed to simulateground-water flow in the water-table aquifer between Aguadilla and the R/o Camuy area. A basic a","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954028","usgsCitation":"Tucci, P., and Martinez, M., 1995, Hydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Aguadilla to Rio Camuy area, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4028, iv, 39 p. :ill. (1 col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954028.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. :ill. (1 col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4028/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59005,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4028/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605068","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tucci, Patrick ptucci@usgs.gov","contributorId":926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucci","given":"Patrick","email":"ptucci@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":202885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martinez, M.I.","contributorId":12895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"M.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":68633,"text":"ha735A - 1995 - Delineation of flooding within the upper Mississippi River basin — Flood of July 30, 1993, in Jefferson City and vicinity, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-18T21:15:20.61996","indexId":"ha735A","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"735","chapter":"A","title":"Delineation of flooding within the upper Mississippi River basin — Flood of July 30, 1993, in Jefferson City and vicinity, Missouri","docAbstract":"This report provides Missouri River flood-peak elevation data and delineates the areal extent of flooding in Jefferson City and vicinity, Missouri, for July 30, 1993. The July 1993 flood is compared with the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) 100- and 500-year flood profiles. This report is one of a series of U.S. Geological Survey reports to document the flooding within the upper Mississippi River Basin in 1993 and to improve the technical base on which flood-plain management decisions can be made by other agencies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Richmond, Virginia","doi":"10.3133/ha735A","usgsCitation":"Alexander, T.W., 1995, Delineation of flooding within the upper Mississippi River basin — Flood of July 30, 1993, in Jefferson City and vicinity, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 735, 1 Plate: 41.94 × 31.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha735A.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 41.94 × 31.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394471,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16199.htm"},{"id":90299,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/735a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Jefferson City","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.233,\n 38.542\n ],\n [\n -92.083,\n 38.542\n ],\n [\n -92.083,\n 38.625\n ],\n [\n -92.233,\n 38.625\n ],\n [\n -92.233,\n 38.542\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab3e4b07f02db66fd22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, Terry W.","contributorId":21193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25941,"text":"wri954216 - 1995 - Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin– Volatile organic compounds in surface and ground water, 1978-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-03T20:48:25.061877","indexId":"wri954216","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4216","title":"Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin– Volatile organic compounds in surface and ground water, 1978-94","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey compiled and summarized analyses of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) in surface and ground water from water-quality data bases maintained by-Federal, State, and local agencies as part of a retrospective analysis of water-quality data for the Upper Mississippi River Basin study unit of the National WaterQuality Assessment Program. The retrospective analysis focused on a study area that encompasses 19,500 mi2 of the eastern portion of the study unit. Major river basins in the study area include the part of the Upper Mississippi River drainage from Lake Pepin upstream to sampling stations on the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers where long-term water-quality data are available and the entire drainage basin of the St. Croix River. The Twin Cities metropolitan area, with a population of 2.4 million people, is located in the south-central part of the study area. Water-quality data collected in the study area from 1978 through 1994 by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Minnesota Department of Health, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the Metropolitan Council Environmental Services, and the city of Minneapolis were included in the retrospective analysis.
\nIn this report, assessment of the presence and distribution of VOC's in surface and ground water in the study area is restricted to two groups of VOC's: target VOC's, and trihalomethane compounds (THM's). Target VOC's, the most commonly detected non-trihalomethane VOC's in surface and ground water in the study area, include 1,1- dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, meta+para-xylene, and ortho-xylene. Trihalomethane compounds described in this report include chloroform, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane, bromoform, and fluorodichloromethane.
\nExamination of water-quality data from widely distributed sampling networks of river sites and wells in the study area led to the following conclusions: 1) trace amounts of chlorinated VOC's were detected sporadically in waters of the Mississippi, Minnesota, St. Croix, and Vermillion Rivers; 2) benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and meta+paraxylene were detected sporadically in waters sampled from the chain of lakes used as the municipal supply for St. Paul, Minnesota; 3) the target VOC's were detected in less than five percent of ground-water samples at relatively low concentrations, generally near detection limits which ranged from 1 to 5 micrograms per liter; 4) VOC's were generally detected at similar frequencies, but at higher concentrations, in water samples from wells completed in sand and gravel aquifers than in water samples from wells completed in bedrock aquifers; 5) VOC's were most commonly detected in ground water in the vicinity of identifiable emission sites of VOC's, such as landfills, dumps, or major industries; 6) trichloroethene, a commonly used degreasing agent in dry cleaning, metal cleaning and cleaning septic lines, was the most frequently detected target VOC in ground water sampled from wells completed in both sand and gravel and bedrock aquifers; 7) wells producing water with detectable concentrations of the target VOC's tended to be shallower than wells producing water with no detectable concentrations of those compounds, but the differences in well depths were not statistically significant at a 95 percent confidence level; and 8) chlorination of water substantially increased the frequency of detection of trihalomethane compounds. The low frequencies of detection of the target VOC's and THM's in surface and ground water sampled from widely distributed sampling networks in the study area indicate that, although there are thousands of sites which can potentially emit these compounds to water, soil, and the atmosphere, these compounds have not had a widespread measurable effect on the quality of surface and ground water in the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri954216","usgsCitation":"Andrews, W., Fallon, J.D., and Kroening, S., 1995, Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin– Volatile organic compounds in surface and ground water, 1978-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4216, vii, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954216.","productDescription":"vii, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392466,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48304.htm"},{"id":95569,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4216/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4216/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.3238525390625, 46.145588688591964 ], [ -91.40625, 46.10370875598026 ], [ -91.4501953125, 46.0998999106273 ], [ -91.5655517578125, 46.027481852486645 ], [ -91.56005859375, 45.96260622242165 ], [ -91.614990234375, 45.90147732739488 ], [ -91.7083740234375, 45.82497145796607 ], [ -91.7962646484375, 45.744526980468436 ], [ -91.8841552734375, 45.7176863579072 ], [ -91.9281005859375, 45.63324613981234 ], [ -92.13134765625, 45.6101948758674 ], [ -92.1368408203125, 45.487094732298374 ], [ -92.13134765625, 45.390735154248894 ], [ -92.1588134765625, 45.30966593483413 ], [ -92.186279296875, 45.22074260255366 ], [ -92.2247314453125, 45.10454630976873 ], [ -92.26318359375, 44.99199795382439 ], [ -92.2686767578125, 44.87144275016589 ], [ -92.30712890625, 44.820812031724444 ], [ -92.208251953125, 44.73892994307368 ], [ -92.2247314453125, 44.64129986075226 ], [ -92.186279296875, 44.5278427984555 ], [ -92.120361328125, 44.398467142258504 ], [ -92.25769042968749, 44.406316252661355 ], [ -92.373046875, 44.406316252661355 ], [ -92.5433349609375, 44.3906169787868 ], [ -92.64770507812499, 44.3906169787868 ], [ -92.757568359375, 44.3670601700202 ], [ -92.911376953125, 44.34742225636393 ], [ -93.03771972656249, 44.34349388385857 ], [ -93.2025146484375, 44.308126684886126 ], [ -93.2354736328125, 44.233392574879026 ], [ -93.16955566406249, 44.20583500104184 ], [ -93.14208984375, 44.18220395771566 ], [ -93.1201171875, 44.09547572946635 ], [ -93.1036376953125, 43.992814500489914 ], [ -93.16955566406249, 43.99676629896825 ], [ -93.262939453125, 43.96119063892024 ], [ -93.3563232421875, 43.929549935614595 ], [ -93.4332275390625, 43.82660134505384 ], [ -93.50463867187499, 43.68773584519811 ], [ -93.52111816406249, 43.60426186809618 ], [ -93.58154296875, 43.492782808225 ], [ -93.812255859375, 43.41701888881103 ], [ -93.966064453125, 43.30119623257966 ], [ -94.053955078125, 43.24520272203356 ], [ -94.0869140625, 43.28520334369384 ], [ -94.19677734375, 43.369119087738554 ], [ -94.3011474609375, 43.40903821777055 ], [ -94.361572265625, 43.40903821777055 ], [ -94.4439697265625, 43.48481212891603 ], [ -94.46044921875, 43.53660274231031 ], [ -94.625244140625, 43.5764114330089 ], [ -94.74609375, 43.600284023536325 ], [ -94.866943359375, 43.55252937447483 ], [ -94.94384765625, 43.624147145668076 ], [ -94.9603271484375, 43.67581809328344 ], [ -94.976806640625, 43.77109381775651 ], [ -95.1361083984375, 43.78695837311561 ], [ -95.3173828125, 43.83452678223684 ], [ -95.328369140625, 43.90185050527358 ], [ -95.4052734375, 43.96909818325174 ], [ -95.4656982421875, 44.04811573082351 ], [ -95.811767578125, 44.000717834282774 ], [ -95.877685546875, 44.044167353572185 ], [ -96.0260009765625, 44.142797828180605 ], [ -96.0919189453125, 44.201897151875094 ], [ -96.13037109375, 44.25700308645885 ], [ -96.21826171874999, 44.374913492661456 ], [ -96.3995361328125, 44.449467536006935 ], [ -96.56982421875, 44.53175879707938 ], [ -96.6851806640625, 44.65693173288727 ], [ -96.6741943359375, 44.75453548416007 ], [ -96.7181396484375, 44.87144275016589 ], [ -96.84997558593749, 44.984227835166486 ], [ -96.94335937499999, 45.042478050891546 ], [ -97.108154296875, 45.27488643704894 ], [ -97.196044921875, 45.42929873257377 ], [ -97.2344970703125, 45.60250901510302 ], [ -97.3114013671875, 45.767522962149904 ], [ -97.349853515625, 45.82114340079471 ], [ -97.44873046875, 45.88618457602257 ], [ -97.503662109375, 45.94351068030587 ], [ -97.4322509765625, 46.00840867976965 ], [ -97.33337402343749, 46.042735653846506 ], [ -97.18505859374999, 45.90147732739488 ], [ -97.09716796875, 45.81348649679971 ], [ -97.03125, 45.729191061299936 ], [ -96.910400390625, 45.7176863579072 ], [ -96.84997558593749, 45.62172169252446 ], [ -96.7510986328125, 45.59482210127054 ], [ -96.6357421875, 45.5679096098613 ], [ -96.55334472656249, 45.57944511437787 ], [ -96.43798828125, 45.644768217751924 ], [ -96.42150878906249, 45.67932023569538 ], [ -96.339111328125, 45.80199916666154 ], [ -96.1578369140625, 45.85558643964395 ], [ -96.0589599609375, 45.96260622242165 ], [ -96.0040283203125, 45.99696161820381 ], [ -96.0040283203125, 46.15700496290803 ], [ -96.0040283203125, 46.198844376182535 ], [ -95.88317871093749, 46.2824277013447 ], [ -95.8062744140625, 46.29381556233369 ], [ -95.80078125, 46.21785176740299 ], [ -95.7073974609375, 46.16841886922939 ], [ -95.54809570312499, 46.18363372751015 ], [ -95.504150390625, 46.25204849722291 ], [ -95.54809570312499, 46.30140615437332 ], [ -95.6304931640625, 46.30520105581194 ], [ -95.6304931640625, 46.3507193554773 ], [ -95.5535888671875, 46.392411189814645 ], [ -95.51513671875, 46.39998810407942 ], [ -95.4986572265625, 46.521075663842836 ], [ -95.5975341796875, 46.555083022430495 ], [ -95.6085205078125, 46.64189395892874 ], [ -95.614013671875, 46.7210346612957 ], [ -95.6634521484375, 46.76996843356982 ], [ -95.6304931640625, 46.848921470800455 ], [ -95.5975341796875, 46.93526088057719 ], [ -95.4766845703125, 47.10752278534248 ], [ -95.49316406249999, 47.16357498846737 ], [ -95.4986572265625, 47.238219359726784 ], [ -95.504150390625, 47.31275872224939 ], [ -95.47119140625, 47.45037978769006 ], [ -95.3173828125, 47.52461999690649 ], [ -95.185546875, 47.54687159892238 ], [ -95.152587890625, 47.59505101193038 ], [ -95.1251220703125, 47.68757916850813 ], [ -94.9603271484375, 47.68757916850813 ], [ -94.691162109375, 47.68388118858139 ], [ -94.5538330078125, 47.702368466573716 ], [ -94.3670654296875, 47.73932336136857 ], [ -94.2352294921875, 47.71345768748889 ], [ -94.0814208984375, 47.646886969413 ], [ -94.0264892578125, 47.55428670127958 ], [ -93.944091796875, 47.487513008956554 ], [ -93.8232421875, 47.44666502261753 ], [ -93.6474609375, 47.49493650511712 ], [ -93.4002685546875, 47.57652571374621 ], [ -93.36181640625, 47.657987988142274 ], [ -93.2684326171875, 47.71715357016648 ], [ -93.1256103515625, 47.75040471827431 ], [ -92.9937744140625, 47.743017409121826 ], [ -92.8619384765625, 47.67648444221321 ], [ -92.7740478515625, 47.5913464767971 ], [ -92.7850341796875, 47.47637579720936 ], [ -92.88940429687499, 47.338822694822 ], [ -92.92236328125, 47.234489635299184 ], [ -92.955322265625, 47.12621341795227 ], [ -92.9498291015625, 47.07386310181414 ], [ -92.94433593749999, 46.96900803311957 ], [ -92.9718017578125, 46.86394700508323 ], [ -92.92785644531249, 46.800059446787316 ], [ -92.757568359375, 46.76996843356982 ], [ -92.70263671874999, 46.69843486113957 ], [ -92.57080078125, 46.69089949154197 ], [ -92.55432128906249, 46.65320687122665 ], [ -92.57080078125, 46.543749602738565 ], [ -92.5982666015625, 46.426499019253 ], [ -92.625732421875, 46.28622391806708 ], [ -92.4664306640625, 46.2330529447983 ], [ -92.2686767578125, 46.18743678432541 ], [ -92.10937499999999, 46.20264638061019 ], [ -92.04345703125, 46.22545288226939 ], [ -91.8841552734375, 46.25204849722291 ], [ -91.7578125, 46.229253045075275 ], [ -91.69189453125, 46.2102496001872 ], [ -91.614990234375, 46.25964487666549 ], [ -91.505126953125, 46.29761098988109 ], [ -91.43920898437499, 46.25204849722291 ], [ -91.43920898437499, 46.20644812194458 ], [ -91.3348388671875, 46.18363372751015 ], [ -91.3238525390625, 46.145588688591964 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e7130","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, W. J. 0000-0003-4780-8835","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":56261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fallon, J. D.","contributorId":57478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kroening, S. E.","contributorId":31793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroening","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25835,"text":"wri954042 - 1995 - Water-quality assessment of the Ozark Plateaus study unit, Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma: Analysis of information on nutrients, suspended sediment, and suspended solids, 1970-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T22:42:45.508172","indexId":"wri954042","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4042","title":"Water-quality assessment of the Ozark Plateaus study unit, Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma: Analysis of information on nutrients, suspended sediment, and suspended solids, 1970-92","docAbstract":"Water-quality data collected during water years 1970-90 (October 1 to September 30) for 83 surface-water sites and during 1970-92 for 395 ground-water sites in the 48,000 square mile Ozark Plateaus study unit of the National Water Quality Assessment Program were analyzed using selected descriptive and statistical methods. The water- quality data include nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus), suspended sediment, and suspended- solids data, and ancillary information such as fertilizer use, animal waste, sewage treatment plant, and land use. Statistically significant differences exist in surface-water quality that can be attributed to physiography, land use, and other effects. The sites that were considered to be substantially affected by sewage treatment plants had the largest concentrations of nutrients. Nutrient concentrations generally were larger at sites associated with agricultural basins than at sites associated with forested basins. Statistically significant differences existed in the quality of ground water that can be attributed to hydrogeologic and land-use effects. Nutrient concentrations generally were largest where the water source is indicated to be shallow in origin and where parts of the hydrogeologic units are in agricultural land-use areas. Water quality has changed at several surface-water sites since 1970. Nutrient concentrations appear to have increased at some sites and decreased at other sites. Causes of these apparent trends are not known, but many of the sites with apparent trends are in agricultural areas. Surface-water loads of nutrients and suspended sediment were affected by several factors including streamflow, climate, drainage area, reservoir operation, and inputs from point and nonpoint sources. Annual loads were largest in large basins, with large inputs of nutrients or sediment during periods of high streamflows at locations where reservoir operation effects are not substantial.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954042","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., Petersen, J., Adamski, J.C., and Freiwald, D.A., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the Ozark Plateaus study unit, Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma: Analysis of information on nutrients, suspended sediment, and suspended solids, 1970-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4042, viii, 112 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954042.","productDescription":"viii, 112 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2063,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri95-4042/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":410517,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48155.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Ozark Plateaus study unit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.4167,\n 38.5167\n ],\n [\n -95.4167,\n 35.5167\n ],\n [\n -90.1333,\n 35.5167\n ],\n [\n -90.1333,\n 38.5167\n ],\n [\n -95.4167,\n 38.5167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67add2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Jerri V. jdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Jerri V.","email":"jdavis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, James C. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James C.","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adamski, James C.","contributorId":20316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adamski","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freiwald, David A. freiwald@usgs.gov","contributorId":226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freiwald","given":"David","email":"freiwald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":195272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":18475,"text":"ofr9389 - 1995 - Ground-water altitudes and well data, Nye County, Nevada, and Inyo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T21:32:50.849295","indexId":"ofr9389","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-89","title":"Ground-water altitudes and well data, Nye County, Nevada, and Inyo County, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9389","usgsCitation":"Ciesnik, M.S., 1995, Ground-water altitudes and well data, Nye County, Nevada, and Inyo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-89, Report: iii, 27 p.; 2 Plates: 39.06 x 27.09 inches and 39.26 x 26.58 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9389.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 27 p.; 2 Plates: 39.06 x 27.09 inches and 39.26 x 26.58 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411083,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12623.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":47828,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0089/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153317,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0089/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47830,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0089/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":47829,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0089/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","county":"Inyo County, Nye County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-117.8357,37.4655],[-117.8339,37.4655],[-117.7506,37.4045],[-117.7398,37.3966],[-117.684,37.3555],[-117.6414,37.3244],[-117.5857,37.2832],[-117.5789,37.2781],[-117.5715,37.2726],[-117.5108,37.2281],[-117.5046,37.2234],[-117.3489,37.1078],[-117.293,37.066],[-117.284,37.0595],[-117.275,37.053],[-117.253,37.0363],[-117.2394,37.0265],[-117.1639,36.9698],[-117.1637,37.0182],[-117.164,37.0894],[-117.1642,37.171],[-117.1641,37.1909],[-117.1641,37.1936],[-117.1665,37.6995],[-117.1664,37.714],[-117.1663,37.7285],[-117.1663,37.7435],[-117.1662,37.7585],[-117.1657,38.0019],[-117.2198,38.0482],[-117.2397,38.0483],[-117.239,38.0641],[-117.2408,38.0705],[-117.2653,38.0932],[-117.6896,38.4731],[-118.0197,38.7599],[-118.197,38.9154],[-118.1972,38.9993],[-117.8559,39.0746],[-117.7748,39.092],[-117.7008,39.1058],[-117.6409,39.1149],[-117.5946,39.1231],[-117.4742,39.1431],[-117.3823,39.1562],[-117.3609,39.1585],[-117.3318,39.1629],[-117.3063,39.1634],[-117.2849,39.1633],[-117.1995,39.1632],[-117.0856,39.1628],[-117.0322,39.1626],[-117.0144,39.1626],[-116.9871,39.1625],[-116.9158,39.1631],[-116.7562,39.1622],[-116.7301,39.1625],[-116.5996,39.1616],[-116.5859,39.162],[-116.4815,39.1616],[-116.3497,39.1618],[-116.2358,39.1616],[-116.0548,39.1624],[-115.9082,39.1615],[-115.5191,38.9578],[-115.4725,38.9325],[-115.4433,38.9162],[-115.3694,38.8769],[-115.363,38.874],[-115.242,38.8093],[-115.0969,38.7309],[-115.0777,38.721],[-115.0604,38.7107],[-115.0291,38.6937],[-114.999,38.6777],[-114.9996,38.592],[-114.9997,38.4315],[-114.9994,38.3894],[-115.0004,38.0507],[-115.1185,38.0508],[-115.1436,38.0508],[-115.326,38.0515],[-115.3453,38.0514],[-115.4003,38.051],[-115.4587,38.0506],[-115.6394,38.0512],[-115.6581,38.051],[-115.8404,38.0504],[-115.8931,38.0507],[-115.8938,37.723],[-115.8969,37.5498],[-115.8975,37.2796],[-115.8982,37.1926],[-115.8942,36.8425],[-115.8941,36.686],[-115.8945,36.6702],[-115.8949,36.598],[-115.8949,36.5962],[-115.8946,36.5858],[-115.8947,36.5005],[-115.8945,36.4806],[-115.8949,36.462],[-115.8944,36.457],[-115.8948,36.3087],[-115.8945,36.2923],[-115.8943,36.1957],[-115.8945,36.1608],[-115.8948,36.1163],[-115.8948,36.0927],[-115.895,36.0015],[-115.6884,35.8402],[-115.6513,35.8111],[-115.7013,35.8114],[-115.7359,35.8116],[-115.7362,35.7953],[-115.7532,35.7953],[-115.7975,35.7949],[-115.8423,35.7954],[-115.8605,35.7951],[-115.8786,35.7952],[-115.8968,35.7952],[-116.0353,35.7953],[-116.0619,35.7952],[-116.0795,35.7952],[-116.1221,35.7946],[-116.1766,35.7939],[-116.1891,35.7938],[-116.2095,35.7934],[-116.2549,35.7933],[-116.2765,35.793],[-116.2952,35.793],[-116.3389,35.7929],[-116.3474,35.7931],[-116.3588,35.7929],[-116.4444,35.7943],[-116.5068,35.7954],[-116.5346,35.7956],[-116.6021,35.7964],[-116.6071,35.7965],[-116.9232,35.7961],[-116.9357,35.7959],[-116.9453,35.7957],[-117.0917,35.7946],[-117.259,35.7947],[-117.3504,35.7946],[-117.3685,35.7945],[-117.3844,35.7948],[-117.4031,35.7946],[-117.4162,35.7944],[-117.4224,35.7945],[-117.6362,35.7958],[-117.8523,35.7985],[-117.8738,35.7988],[-117.9005,35.7983],[-117.9249,35.7986],[-117.9234,35.7863],[-118.009,35.7861],[-118.0133,35.7993],[-118.0131,35.8093],[-118.009,35.8174],[-118.0015,35.8218],[-117.9975,35.8232],[-118.0065,35.8278],[-118.007,35.8337],[-118.0068,35.8441],[-118.0094,35.8555],[-118.007,35.8627],[-118.0012,35.8663],[-117.9955,35.8699],[-117.9905,35.8648],[-117.9836,35.8661],[-117.9852,35.8738],[-117.9891,35.8793],[-117.9901,35.8861],[-117.9842,35.8929],[-117.9886,35.9029],[-117.9906,35.9129],[-117.9905,35.9197],[-117.9858,35.9255],[-117.9858,35.9301],[-117.9868,35.9342],[-117.9906,35.9424],[-117.9991,35.9461],[-118.0093,35.9449],[-118.0154,35.9541],[-118.0193,35.9609],[-118.014,35.969],[-118.0139,35.974],[-118.0053,35.9784],[-118.0046,35.9811],[-118.0057,35.9839],[-118.0074,35.9875],[-118.0124,35.9935],[-118.0162,35.9985],[-118.0196,36.0013],[-118.0252,36.0045],[-118.0332,36.0051],[-118.0381,36.0151],[-118.0385,36.0265],[-118.0423,36.0329],[-118.0467,36.0415],[-118.046,36.0461],[-118.0488,36.0534],[-118.0537,36.0611],[-118.0529,36.0729],[-118.0539,36.0829],[-118.0572,36.087],[-118.06,36.0921],[-118.0668,36.0899],[-118.069,36.0963],[-118.0677,36.1062],[-118.068,36.1194],[-118.0735,36.1308],[-118.0751,36.1344],[-118.0756,36.1403],[-118.0721,36.1435],[-118.0646,36.1475],[-118.0616,36.1551],[-118.0626,36.1647],[-118.0618,36.1751],[-118.0657,36.1783],[-118.0708,36.1811],[-118.0774,36.1953],[-118.0881,36.2008],[-118.0949,36.2045],[-118.0994,36.2073],[-118.1067,36.216],[-118.1099,36.2247],[-118.1086,36.2328],[-118.1119,36.241],[-118.118,36.2515],[-118.1185,36.2533],[-118.1189,36.2624],[-118.1194,36.2656],[-118.1216,36.2729],[-118.1266,36.2793],[-118.1253,36.2888],[-118.1228,36.2979],[-118.1215,36.3069],[-118.1169,36.31],[-118.114,36.3145],[-118.115,36.3191],[-118.1018,36.3262],[-118.1005,36.3325],[-118.1021,36.338],[-118.1031,36.3434],[-118.1065,36.3476],[-118.1162,36.3481],[-118.1219,36.3486],[-118.1242,36.3505],[-118.1302,36.3628],[-118.1336,36.3674],[-118.1404,36.3693],[-118.146,36.3743],[-118.1517,36.378],[-118.1562,36.3817],[-118.1601,36.3876],[-118.1623,36.3913],[-118.1594,36.394],[-118.149,36.397],[-118.145,36.3997],[-118.1414,36.4056],[-118.1402,36.4142],[-118.1424,36.4187],[-118.1486,36.4229],[-118.1548,36.4266],[-118.1599,36.4298],[-118.165,36.4294],[-118.1748,36.4268],[-118.1823,36.426],[-118.192,36.4265],[-118.2028,36.4298],[-118.2131,36.4308],[-118.2153,36.434],[-118.2129,36.4408],[-118.2151,36.4477],[-118.2173,36.4531],[-118.2223,36.4595],[-118.2331,36.4651],[-118.238,36.4769],[-118.2483,36.4802],[-118.2516,36.4843],[-118.2447,36.4911],[-118.2395,36.4915],[-118.2394,36.4955],[-118.2411,36.5001],[-118.2409,36.5101],[-118.2413,36.5187],[-118.2458,36.5237],[-118.2498,36.5265],[-118.2513,36.5369],[-118.2587,36.5447],[-118.2666,36.5489],[-118.2774,36.5531],[-118.2894,36.5586],[-118.2938,36.5659],[-118.296,36.5755],[-118.2924,36.5836],[-118.2871,36.5899],[-118.2819,36.5957],[-118.2806,36.6021],[-118.2892,36.604],[-118.2977,36.6104],[-118.3056,36.6191],[-118.3118,36.6246],[-118.318,36.6283],[-118.322,36.6338],[-118.3219,36.6397],[-118.3247,36.6442],[-118.3326,36.6502],[-118.3372,36.6543],[-118.3388,36.6589],[-118.3347,36.6625],[-118.3318,36.6647],[-118.3289,36.667],[-118.3289,36.6706],[-118.3363,36.6734],[-118.3478,36.6735],[-118.3488,36.678],[-118.3511,36.683],[-118.3579,36.6867],[-118.3619,36.6895],[-118.3653,36.6918],[-118.3635,36.6945],[-118.3509,36.6962],[-118.3428,36.7002],[-118.3387,36.7052],[-118.3362,36.7151],[-118.3378,36.7233],[-118.3423,36.731],[-118.3508,36.7393],[-118.3644,36.7471],[-118.3718,36.7558],[-118.3805,36.7854],[-118.374,36.7989],[-118.3762,36.8044],[-118.3852,36.8153],[-118.392,36.8226],[-118.3924,36.8331],[-118.3896,36.8344],[-118.3775,36.8361],[-118.3688,36.8397],[-118.3617,36.8482],[-118.3644,36.8605],[-118.3711,36.8773],[-118.3635,36.8863],[-118.3691,36.8968],[-118.3706,36.9068],[-118.383,36.9268],[-118.3874,36.9414],[-118.3935,36.9537],[-118.4076,36.9733],[-118.4104,36.9829],[-118.4218,36.9889],[-118.42,36.9938],[-118.4142,37.0006],[-118.4296,37.0121],[-118.4236,37.0243],[-118.4298,37.0338],[-118.4378,37.0393],[-118.4418,37.0453],[-118.4376,37.0566],[-118.4449,37.0698],[-118.4616,37.0699],[-118.4731,37.0737],[-118.4874,37.0792],[-118.4977,37.092],[-118.5045,37.0957],[-118.5143,37.098],[-118.5207,37.0976],[-118.5354,37.1141],[-118.57,37.118],[-118.5746,37.1248],[-118.5861,37.1253],[-118.5907,37.1295],[-118.594,37.1385],[-118.609,37.1405],[-118.6188,37.1433],[-118.6321,37.1388],[-118.6437,37.1389],[-118.6494,37.1412],[-118.658,37.1449],[-118.6705,37.1636],[-118.6733,37.169],[-118.6687,37.1749],[-118.6669,37.1808],[-118.6702,37.189],[-118.6725,37.1922],[-118.6833,37.2117],[-118.6797,37.2203],[-118.6843,37.2267],[-118.6836,37.233],[-118.6853,37.2389],[-118.6847,37.2435],[-118.6812,37.2466],[-118.6753,37.2498],[-118.6736,37.2525],[-118.6705,37.266],[-118.6825,37.2829],[-118.6882,37.2911],[-118.6927,37.3002],[-118.7105,37.3189],[-118.715,37.3262],[-118.7202,37.3276],[-118.7313,37.3218],[-118.7423,37.3164],[-118.7469,37.3205],[-118.7538,37.3282],[-118.7619,37.3306],[-118.7671,37.3324],[-118.7786,37.3356],[-118.7855,37.3425],[-118.7848,37.3515],[-118.7801,37.3583],[-118.772,37.3623],[-118.7702,37.3664],[-118.7742,37.375],[-118.7805,37.3787],[-118.7845,37.3837],[-118.7885,37.3905],[-118.7884,37.3978],[-118.7849,37.4055],[-118.7818,37.42],[-118.7795,37.424],[-118.7754,37.424],[-118.7673,37.4235],[-118.7667,37.4285],[-118.7632,37.4317],[-118.7602,37.4371],[-118.7614,37.4398],[-118.7659,37.4471],[-118.767,37.4507],[-118.7688,37.4534],[-118.7693,37.4557],[-118.7756,37.4639],[-118.7489,37.4642],[-118.6417,37.4639],[-118.6248,37.4638],[-118.6109,37.4637],[-118.5918,37.4636],[-118.5669,37.4638],[-118.5495,37.4637],[-118.5309,37.4636],[-118.5153,37.4634],[-118.4544,37.4629],[-118.4213,37.4626],[-118.4068,37.4625],[-118.375,37.4622],[-118.3709,37.4626],[-118.346,37.4628],[-118.3135,37.463],[-118.0009,37.4645],[-117.9794,37.4647],[-117.918,37.4653],[-117.8357,37.4655]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Inyo\",\"state\":\"CA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d442","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ciesnik, M. S.","contributorId":6881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ciesnik","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29204,"text":"wri954040 - 1995 - Estimated loads of selected constituents from permitted and nonpermitted sources at selected surface-water-quality stations in the Musconetcong, Rockaway, and Whippany River basins, New Jersey, 1985-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri954040","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4040","title":"Estimated loads of selected constituents from permitted and nonpermitted sources at selected surface-water-quality stations in the Musconetcong, Rockaway, and Whippany River basins, New Jersey, 1985-90","docAbstract":"Surface-water-quality data from the cooperative sampling network maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection for 1985-90 are summarized for stations in the Musconetcong, Rockaway, and Whippany River Basins. Four constituents are included in the analysis: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon (TOC). Contemporaneous streamflow estimates were used to calculate instream loads from constituent concentrations in water-quality samples. Loads from permitted point sources were estimated as the sum of reported loads of BOD, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus upstream from each station. TOC permitted-source loads were not estimated because point-source release data were insufficient. The relative contribution of loads from permitted sources to the total instream loads differed markedly among the basins and between upstream and downstream locations within the basins. Some of these differences can be attributed to reesrvoir effects; others are related to the presence or absence of major permitted sources upstream from water-quality stations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954040","usgsCitation":"Price, C.V., and Schaefer, F., 1995, Estimated loads of selected constituents from permitted and nonpermitted sources at selected surface-water-quality stations in the Musconetcong, Rockaway, and Whippany River basins, New Jersey, 1985-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4040, v, 28 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954040.","productDescription":"v, 28 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4040/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58063,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4040/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672575","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, C. V.","contributorId":19190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaefer, F. L.","contributorId":91085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"F. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44890,"text":"wri954134 - 1995 - Development of a 14-digit hydrologic coding scheme and boundary data set for New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-27T14:34:50","indexId":"wri954134","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4134","title":"Development of a 14-digit hydrologic coding scheme and boundary data set for New Jersey","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri954134","usgsCitation":"Ellis, W.H., and Price, C.V., 1995, Development of a 14-digit hydrologic coding scheme and boundary data set for New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4134, 1 map : col. ; 113 x 67 cm., folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954134.","productDescription":"1 map : col. ; 113 x 67 cm., folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268448,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4134/plate-1.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667151","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, William H. wellis@usgs.gov","contributorId":179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"William","email":"wellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Price, Curtis V. 0000-0002-4315-3539 cprice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-3539","contributorId":983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Curtis","email":"cprice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29332,"text":"wri954131 - 1995 - Ground-water-level monitoring, basin boundaries, and potentiometric surfaces of the aquifer system at Edwards Air Force Base, California, 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T21:46:40.930288","indexId":"wri954131","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4131","title":"Ground-water-level monitoring, basin boundaries, and potentiometric surfaces of the aquifer system at Edwards Air Force Base, California, 1992","docAbstract":"A ground-water-level monitoring program was implemented at Edwards Air Force Base, California, from January through December 1992 to monitor spatial and temporal changes in poten-tiometric surfaces that largely are affected by ground-water pumping. Potentiometric-surface maps are needed to determine the correlation between declining ground- water levels and the distribution of land subsidence. The monitoring program focused on areas of the base where pumping has occurred, especially near Rogers Lake, and involved three phases of data collection: (1) well canvassing and selection, (2) geodetic surveys, and (3) monthly ground-water-level measurements. Construction and historical water- level data were compiled for 118 wells and pi-ezometers on or near the base, and monthly ground-water-level measurements were made in 82 wells and piezometers on the base. The compiled water-level data were used in conjunction with previously collected geologic data to identify three types of no-flow boundaries in the aquifer system: structural boundaries, a principal-aquifer boundary, and ground-water divides. Heads were computed from ground-water-level measurements and land-surface altitudes and then were used to map seasonal potentiometric surfaces for the principal and deep aquifers underlying the base. Pumping has created a regional depression in the potentiometric surface of the deep aquifer in the South Track, South Base, and Branch Park well-field area. A 15-foot decline in the potentiometric surface from April to September 1992 and 20- to 30-foot drawdowns in the three production wells in the South Track well field caused locally unconfined conditions in the deep aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954131","usgsCitation":"Rewis, D., 1995, Ground-water-level monitoring, basin boundaries, and potentiometric surfaces of the aquifer system at Edwards Air Force Base, California, 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4131, v, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954131.","productDescription":"v, 61 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58169,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4131/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":415608,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48232.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123941,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4131/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Air Force Base","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.18233544711427,\n 35.05150645528127\n ],\n [\n -118.18233544711427,\n 34.74386535391561\n ],\n [\n -117.49237094494548,\n 34.74386535391561\n ],\n [\n -117.49237094494548,\n 35.05150645528127\n ],\n [\n -118.18233544711427,\n 35.05150645528127\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a12c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rewis, D. L.","contributorId":81514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rewis","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26235,"text":"wri954056 - 1995 - Precipitation depth-duration and frequency characteristics for Antelope Valley, Mojave Desert, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"wri954056","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4056","title":"Precipitation depth-duration and frequency characteristics for Antelope Valley, Mojave Desert, California","docAbstract":"Methods to evaluate changes in the volume of storm runoff from drainage basins that are likely to be urbanized are needed by land-use planning agencies to establish criteria for the design of flood-control systems. To document the changes in runoff volume of basins that may be urbanized, nine small basins that are considered representative of varying hydrologic conditions in Antelope Valley, California, were selected for detailed study. Precipitation and stream-gaging stations were established and data were collected for the period 1990-93. The data collected at these U.S. Geological Survey stations were supplemented by data collected at 35 Long-term precipitation stations operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works. These data will be used to calibrate and verify rainfall-runoff models for the nine basins. Results of the model runs will then be used as a guide for estimating basin runoff characteristics throughout Antelope Valley. Annual precipitation in Antelope Valley ranges from more than 20 inches in the mountains to less than 4 inches on the valley floor. Most precipitation in the valley falls during the months of December through March, but cyclonic storms in the fall and convectional storms in the summer sometimes occur. The duration of most storms ranges from 1 to 8 days, but most of the precipitation usually occurs within the first 2 days. Many parts of the valley have been affected by storms with precipitation depths that equal or exceed 0.60 inch per hour. The storms of January 1943 and March 1983 were the most intense storms of record, with recurrence intervals greater than 100 years in some parts of the valley. Depth-duration ratios were calculated by disaggregating daily total precipitation data for intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, and 18 hours for storms that occurred during 1990-93. The hourly total precipitation data were then disaggregated at 5-minute intervals. A comparison of the depth-duration data collected during 1990-93 at the Geological Survey stations with the data collected at the other stations indicated that the 1990-93 data are not representative of historical storms. Therefore, depth-duration ratios developed using these data should be considered preliminary for use in disaggregating the historical hourly data for Antelope Valley. Annual maximum 24-hour precipitation records were used to calculate precipitation depth-frequency relations for 23 stations in the valley using the log Pearson type III distribution. These calculations indicate that the storms of January 1943 and March 1983 were the most intense of record in the valley with recurrence intervals greater than 100 years.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Report Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954056","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, J.C., 1995, Precipitation depth-duration and frequency characteristics for Antelope Valley, Mojave Desert, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4056, iv, 33 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954056.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4056/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55035,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4056/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680be9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, J. C.","contributorId":32154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25625,"text":"wri944214 - 1995 - Magnitude and frequency data for historic debris flows in Grand Canyon National Park and vicinity, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T13:19:27.442537","indexId":"wri944214","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4214","title":"Magnitude and frequency data for historic debris flows in Grand Canyon National Park and vicinity, Arizona","docAbstract":"Debris flows occur in 529 tributaries of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon between Lees Ferry and Diamond Creek, Arizona (river miles 0 to 225). An episodic type of flash flood, debris flows transport poorly-sorted sediment ranging in size from clay to boulders into the Colorado River. Debris flows create and maintain debris fans and the hundreds of associated riffles and rapids that control the geomorphic framework of the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam. Between 1984 and 1994, debris flows created 4 new rapids and enlarged 17 existing rapids and riffles. Debris flows in Grand Canyon are initiated by slope failures that occur during intense rainfall. Three of these mechanisms of slope failure are documented. Failures in weathered bedrock, particularly in the Hermit Shale and Supai Group, have initiated many historic debris flows in Grand Canyon. A second mechanism, termed the fire-hose effect, occurs when runoff pours over cliffs onto unconsolidated colluvial wedges, triggering a failure. A third initiation mechanism occurs when intense precipitation causes failures in colluvium overlying bedrock. Multiple source areas and extreme topographic relief in Grand Canyon commonly result in combinations of these three initiation mechanisms. Interpretation of 1,107 historical photographs spanning 120 years, supplemented with aerial photography made between 1935 and 1994, yielded information on the frequency of debris flows in 168 of the 529 tributaries (32 percent) of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. Of the 168 tributaries, 96 contain evidence of debris flows that have occurred since 1872, whereas 72 tributaries have not had a debris flow during the last century. The oldest debris flow we have documented in Grand Canyon occurred 5,400 years ago in an unnamed tributary at river mile 63.3-R. Our results indicate that the frequency of debris flows ranges from one every 10 to 15 years in certain eastern tributaries, to less than one per century in other drainage basins. On average, debris flows may recur approximately every 30 to 50 years in individual tributaries, although adjacent tributaries may have considerably different histories. Peak discharges were estimated in 18 drainages for debris flows that occurred between 1939 and 1994. Typically, discharges range from about 100 to 300 cubic meters per second (m3/s). The largest debris flow in Grand Canyon during the last century, which occurred in Prospect Canyon in 1939, had a peak discharge of about 1,000 m3/s. Debris-flow deposits generally contain 15 to 30 percent sand-and-finer sediment; however, the variability of sand-and-finer sediment contained by recent debris flows is large. Reconstitution of debris-flow samples indicates a range in water content of 10 to 25 percent by weight;. Before flow regulation of the Colorado River began, debris fans aggraded by debris flows were periodically reworked by large river floods that may have been as large as 11,000 m3/s. Impoundment of the river by Glen Canyon Dam in 1963, and subsequent operation of the reservoir have reduced the magnitude of these floods. Flow releases from the dam since 1963 have only partly reworked recently-aggraded debris fans. Significant reworking of new debris-flow deposits now occurs only during river discharges higher than typical power plant releases, which currently range between 142 and 510 m3/s.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944214","usgsCitation":"Melis, T., Webb, R.H., Griffiths, P.G., and Wise, T., 1995, Magnitude and frequency data for historic debris flows in Grand Canyon National Park and vicinity, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4214, x, 285 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944214.","productDescription":"x, 285 p.","costCenters":[{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54370,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4214/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4214/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.76092529296875,\n 35.60371874069731\n ],\n [\n -111.45904541015625,\n 35.60371874069731\n ],\n [\n -111.45904541015625,\n 36.86643755175846\n ],\n [\n -112.76092529296875,\n 36.86643755175846\n ],\n [\n -112.76092529296875,\n 35.60371874069731\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649503","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Melis, T.S.","contributorId":85621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, R. H.","contributorId":13648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffiths, Peter G. 0000-0002-8663-8907 pggriffi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-8907","contributorId":187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Peter","email":"pggriffi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":194462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wise, T.J.","contributorId":59071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wise","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":28043,"text":"wri954228 - 1995 - Data for and adjusted regional regression models of volume and quality of urban storm-water runoff in Boise and Garden City, Idaho, 1993-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T19:51:04.738972","indexId":"wri954228","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4228","title":"Data for and adjusted regional regression models of volume and quality of urban storm-water runoff in Boise and Garden City, Idaho, 1993-94","docAbstract":"The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requires information on the volume and quality of urban \nstorm-water runoff to apply for a permit to discharge this water into the Boise River under the National \nPollutant Discharge Elimination System Program. Concentrations of selected chemical constituents in \nstorm runoff were determined from samples collected at four storm-sewer outfalls in Boise from October \n1993 through June 1994 and at one outfall in Garden City from September through October 1994. \nSamples were analyzed for specific conductance, pH, alkalinity, water temperature, oxygen demand, fecal \nindicator bacteria, major ions, dissolved and suspended solids, nutrients, trace elements, and numerous \norganic compounds. The measurement of storm-runoff volume and mean concentrations of constituents \nwere used to estimate storm-runoff loads.\nPreviously developed U.S. Geological Survey regional regression models of runoff and 11 chemical \nconstituents were evaluated to assess their suitability for use in urban areas in Boise and Garden City. \nData collected in the study area were used to develop adjusted regional models of storm-runoff volumes \nand mean concentrations and loads of chemical oxygen demand, dissolved and suspended solids, total \nnitrogen and total ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen, total and dissolved phosphorus, and total \nrecoverable cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc. Explanatory variables used in these models were drainage \narea, impervious area, land-use information, and precipitation data. Mean annual runoff volume and loads \nat the five outfalls were estimated from 904 individual storms during 1976 through 1993. Two methods \nwere used to compute individual storm loads. The first method used adjusted regional models of storm \nloads and the second used adjusted regional models for mean concentration and runoff volume. For large \nstorms, the first method seemed to produce excessively high loads for some constituents and the second \nmethod provided more reliable results for all constituents except suspended solids. The first method \nprovided more reliable results for large storms for suspended solids.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Ada County Highway District, City of Boise, Idaho Transportation Department, Ada County Drainage District No.3, and Boise State University","usgsCitation":"Kjelstrom, L., 1995, Data for and adjusted regional regression models of volume and quality of urban storm-water runoff in Boise and Garden City, Idaho, 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4228, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954228.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"39","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"1994-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415460,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48312.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56881,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4228/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123927,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4228/report-thumb.jpg"}],"projection":"North American Datum 1983","datum":"GRS 80 Spheroid","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Ada County","city":"Boise, Garden City","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.291667,\n 43.5833\n ],\n [\n -116.291667,\n 43.6667\n ],\n [\n -116.041667,\n 43.6667\n ],\n [\n -116.041667,\n 43.5833\n ],\n [\n -116.291667,\n 43.5833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c9a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kjelstrom, L.C.","contributorId":89104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kjelstrom","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":17101,"text":"ofr94707W - 1995 - Evaluation of nonpoint-source contamination, Wisconsin; selected streamwater-quality data, land-use and best-management practices inventory, and quality assurance and quality control, water year 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-16T15:14:32","indexId":"ofr94707W","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-707","chapter":"W","title":"Evaluation of nonpoint-source contamination, Wisconsin; selected streamwater-quality data, land-use and best-management practices inventory, and quality assurance and quality control, water year 1993","docAbstract":"The objective of the watershed-management evaluation monitoring program in Wisconsin is to evaluate the effectiveness of the best-management practices (BMPs) for rural streams, urban streams, and urban storm sewers. This report is an annual summary of the data collected for the program and a report of the results from several different special studies conducted within this program.
\nSuspended sediment and total phosphorus storm-load data are summarized for eight rural sites and suspended sediment, total phosphorus, total recoverable lead, total recoverable copper, total recoverable zinc, and total recoverable cadmium storm-load data are summarized for four urban sites. Dissolved-oxygen data is summarized and compared with Wisconsin's waterquality standards for summer 1993 for seven rural sites. The dissolved-oxygen concentrations declined to levels below these standards at least one time at all seven sites during summer 1993. Total-recoverable hardness concentrations were compared with dissolved-hardness concentrations at two urban streams and two urban storm sewers. Least-squared linear regressions resulted in stronger relations for low-flow conditions than for high-flow conditions, indicating that most hardness during low flow is dissolved hardness. Pesticide data are summarized for four urban sites and six rural sites. Herbicides were detected at urban and rural sites; whereas insecticides were detected only at urban sites.
\nA land-use and best-management-practice inventory is ongoing for each evaluation monitoring project to track the different sources of nonpoint pollution in each watershed and to document implementation of best-management programs that may cause changes in water quality of streams. Updated information is gathered each year, mapped, and stored in a geographic-information-system data base.
\nThe quality-assurance/quality-control plan for the urban watershed-management evaluation program consisted of a series of blank samples. These blank samples were used to identify and isolate contamination by inorganic and organic components throughout the collection and processing of urban streamwater samples. A dissolved trace-metal contamination problem was identified and resolved by using different laboratory- supplied sample bottles.
\nA special study was done to determine the effect of holding time on fecal coliform colony counts. A linear regression indicated that the mean decrease in colony counts over 72 hours was 8.2 percent per day. Results after 24 hours showed that colony counts increased in some samples and decreased in others.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94707W","usgsCitation":"Corsi, S., Walker, J.F., Graczyk, D., Greb, S., Owens, D., and Rappold, K., 1995, Evaluation of nonpoint-source contamination, Wisconsin; selected streamwater-quality data, land-use and best-management practices inventory, and quality assurance and quality control, water year 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-707, vi, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94707W.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0707w/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46230,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0707w/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-90.403306,47.026693],[-90.411972,47.014958],[-90.425351,47.007526],[-90.464079,46.994636],[-90.465465,47.002593],[-90.457688,47.012484],[-90.4553,47.02375],[-90.455502,47.051331],[-90.449572,47.064965],[-90.438734,47.072557],[-90.417272,47.07757],[-90.395367,47.077175],[-90.393342,47.066204],[-90.403306,47.026693]]],[[[-90.730883,46.873096],[-90.677989,46.897527],[-90.667776,46.890037],[-90.675239,46.881029],[-90.718547,46.864531],[-90.745356,46.83566],[-90.756052,46.830595],[-90.760991,46.838277],[-90.749816,46.861806],[-90.730883,46.873096]]],[[[-90.764857,46.946524],[-90.741417,46.9636],[-90.71511,46.957332],[-90.694487,46.93671],[-90.689302,46.918563],[-90.737107,46.914712],[-90.764857,46.946524]]],[[[-90.568938,46.847391],[-90.58505,46.839789],[-90.613569,46.837958],[-90.673838,46.819684],[-90.683356,46.813275],[-90.685753,46.805003],[-90.652916,46.797755],[-90.65892,46.7885],[-90.696465,46.78204],[-90.716456,46.785418],[-90.7625,46.755547],[-90.787751,46.753301],[-90.783086,46.772939],[-90.790965,46.781373],[-90.790231,46.786103],[-90.733231,46.800183],[-90.720932,46.815897],[-90.656946,46.843476],[-90.622048,46.872872],[-90.602619,46.872715],[-90.568938,46.847391]]],[[[-90.572383,46.958835],[-90.528182,46.968396],[-90.508157,46.956836],[-90.524018,46.935714],[-90.539947,46.92785],[-90.543852,46.918289],[-90.549104,46.915461],[-90.569169,46.920309],[-90.637124,46.906724],[-90.64412,46.908373],[-90.654796,46.919249],[-90.634507,46.942944],[-90.572383,46.958835]]],[[[-87.335299,45.211327],[-87.331962,45.199251],[-87.33622,45.173174],[-87.327284,45.157363],[-87.376777,45.177298],[-87.375403,45.199296],[-87.335299,45.211327]]],[[[-90.962901,46.962028],[-90.980316,46.971578],[-90.98222,46.985417],[-90.949383,46.991208],[-90.939866,47.001321],[-90.928563,47.000726],[-90.923764,46.987928],[-90.932132,46.962655],[-90.962901,46.962028]]],[[[-90.757147,47.03372],[-90.688544,47.043347],[-90.643623,47.041177],[-90.608824,47.007558],[-90.560936,47.037013],[-90.544875,47.017383],[-90.552867,46.999686],[-90.609715,46.991208],[-90.634105,46.970983],[-90.671581,46.948973],[-90.712032,46.98526],[-90.767985,47.002327],[-90.776921,47.024324],[-90.757147,47.03372]]],[[[-87.405658,44.860098],[-87.384821,44.865532],[-87.385396,44.889964],[-87.406199,44.90449],[-87.393752,44.933751],[-87.374805,44.956631],[-87.360288,44.987643],[-87.322117,45.034201],[-87.264877,45.081361],[-87.257449,45.121644],[-87.240813,45.137559],[-87.242924,45.149377],[-87.238426,45.166492],[-87.224065,45.174551],[-87.21437,45.165735],[-87.195876,45.163201],[-87.17517,45.173],[-87.163169,45.185331],[-87.13303,45.192843],[-87.119972,45.191103],[-87.122708,45.221786],[-87.109541,45.255397],[-87.078316,45.265723],[-87.071035,45.280355],[-87.057627,45.292838],[-87.0517,45.285888],[-87.043895,45.284767],[-87.017036,45.299254],[-86.994112,45.298061],[-86.97778,45.290684],[-86.970355,45.278455],[-86.984938,45.259036],[-86.983066,45.250764],[-86.973287,45.246381],[-86.985973,45.215872],[-87.002806,45.211773],[-87.00754,45.222127],[-87.032521,45.222274],[-87.040909,45.211535],[-87.045242,45.158798],[-87.030225,45.147382],[-87.03292,45.141963],[-87.045748,45.134987],[-87.054282,45.120074],[-87.049346,45.110122],[-87.048213,45.089124],[-87.057415,45.087472],[-87.064864,45.078427],[-87.079552,45.070783],[-87.081866,45.059103],[-87.090849,45.055465],[-87.121156,45.058311],[-87.139384,45.012565],[-87.163477,45.004913],[-87.189134,44.969078],[-87.188399,44.94856],[-87.17524,44.939753],[-87.1717,44.931476],[-87.204238,44.916819],[-87.215808,44.906744],[-87.217171,44.898013],[-87.206285,44.885928],[-87.204815,44.877199],[-87.267061,44.847025],[-87.282561,44.814729],[-87.304824,44.804603],[-87.313363,44.794237],[-87.320397,44.784963],[-87.319903,44.769672],[-87.353789,44.701915],[-87.401629,44.631191],[-87.437751,44.604559],[-87.467089,44.553557],[-87.483696,44.511354],[-87.490024,44.477224],[-87.498662,44.460686],[-87.506362,44.423804],[-87.517965,44.394356],[-87.517597,44.375696],[-87.533583,44.351111],[-87.545382,44.321385],[-87.541382,44.294018],[-87.508457,44.229755],[-87.507419,44.210803],[-87.512903,44.192808],[-87.51966,44.17987],[-87.53994,44.15969],[-87.563181,44.144195],[-87.603572,44.13039],[-87.6458,44.105222],[-87.654935,44.082552],[-87.656062,44.051919],[-87.683361,44.020139],[-87.695053,43.990715],[-87.69892,43.965936],[-87.71817,43.939498],[-87.735436,43.882219],[-87.728698,43.852524],[-87.726408,43.810454],[-87.700251,43.76735],[-87.702985,43.749695],[-87.709885,43.735795],[-87.702685,43.687596],[-87.789105,43.564844],[-87.797608,43.52731],[-87.793239,43.492783],[-87.807799,43.461136],[-87.855608,43.405441],[-87.872504,43.380178],[-87.882392,43.352099],[-87.889207,43.307652],[-87.901847,43.284117],[-87.911787,43.250406],[-87.896286,43.197108],[-87.881085,43.170609],[-87.900285,43.13731],[-87.900496,43.126],[-87.893185,43.114011],[-87.876084,43.099011],[-87.866487,43.074419],[-87.870184,43.064412],[-87.894813,43.042497],[-87.898184,43.030689],[-87.896157,43.017486],[-87.887789,43.000715],[-87.857182,42.978015],[-87.845181,42.962015],[-87.842786,42.944865],[-87.847745,42.889595],[-87.824,42.836649],[-87.766675,42.784896],[-87.781949,42.74857],[-87.778824,42.728432],[-87.783489,42.705164],[-87.802377,42.676651],[-87.814674,42.64402],[-87.819407,42.617327],[-87.819374,42.60662],[-87.810873,42.58732],[-87.812273,42.52982],[-87.800477,42.49192],[-88.115285,42.496219],[-88.786681,42.491983],[-89.690088,42.505191],[-90.640927,42.508302],[-90.636727,42.518702],[-90.645627,42.5441],[-90.654127,42.5499],[-90.661527,42.567999],[-90.685487,42.589614],[-90.693999,42.614509],[-90.709204,42.636078],[-90.769495,42.651443],[-90.88743,42.67247],[-90.921155,42.685406],[-90.949213,42.685573],[-90.977735,42.696816],[-91.000128,42.716189],[-91.026786,42.724228],[-91.035418,42.73734],[-91.053733,42.738238],[-91.056297,42.747341],[-91.065783,42.753387],[-91.060261,42.761847],[-91.069549,42.769628],[-91.078097,42.806526],[-91.078665,42.827678],[-91.09406,42.830813],[-91.091402,42.84986],[-91.097656,42.859871],[-91.100565,42.883078],[-91.115512,42.894672],[-91.14556,42.90798],[-91.144315,42.926592],[-91.149784,42.940244],[-91.14655,42.963345],[-91.156562,42.978226],[-91.15749,42.991475],[-91.174692,43.038713],[-91.179457,43.067427],[-91.175193,43.103771],[-91.177932,43.128875],[-91.175253,43.134665],[-91.1562,43.142945],[-91.1462,43.152405],[-91.12217,43.197255],[-91.066398,43.239293],[-91.059684,43.248566],[-91.058644,43.257679],[-91.072649,43.262129],[-91.07371,43.274746],[-91.107237,43.313645],[-91.137343,43.329757],[-91.181115,43.345926],[-91.201847,43.349103],[-91.21477,43.365874],[-91.19767,43.395334],[-91.203144,43.419805],[-91.22875,43.445537],[-91.233367,43.455168],[-91.216035,43.481142],[-91.217353,43.512474],[-91.232941,43.523967],[-91.243183,43.540309],[-91.24382,43.54913],[-91.232812,43.564842],[-91.231865,43.581822],[-91.268748,43.615348],[-91.268457,43.627352],[-91.262397,43.64176],[-91.270767,43.65308],[-91.273252,43.666623],[-91.268455,43.709824],[-91.255932,43.729849],[-91.255431,43.744876],[-91.243955,43.773046],[-91.262436,43.792166],[-91.277695,43.837741],[-91.284138,43.847065],[-91.310991,43.867381],[-91.320605,43.888491],[-91.338141,43.897664],[-91.346271,43.910074],[-91.356741,43.916564],[-91.366642,43.937463],[-91.385785,43.954239],[-91.406011,43.963929],[-91.43738,43.999962],[-91.463515,44.009041],[-91.478498,44.00803],[-91.507121,44.01898],[-91.580019,44.026925],[-91.59207,44.031372],[-91.610487,44.04931],[-91.638115,44.063285],[-91.647873,44.064109],[-91.667006,44.086964],[-91.68153,44.0974],[-91.707491,44.103906],[-91.710597,44.12048],[-91.721552,44.130342],[-91.751747,44.134786],[-91.774486,44.147539],[-91.808064,44.159262],[-91.817302,44.164235],[-91.829167,44.17835],[-91.875158,44.200575],[-91.877429,44.212921],[-91.892698,44.231105],[-91.88704,44.251772],[-91.896008,44.262871],[-91.895652,44.273008],[-91.924613,44.291815],[-91.913534,44.311392],[-91.918625,44.322671],[-91.92559,44.333548],[-91.941311,44.340978],[-91.9636,44.362112],[-92.038147,44.388731],[-92.056486,44.402729],[-92.078605,44.404869],[-92.111085,44.413948],[-92.124513,44.422115],[-92.195378,44.433792],[-92.232472,44.445434],[-92.291005,44.485464],[-92.302215,44.500298],[-92.302466,44.516487],[-92.314071,44.538014],[-92.336114,44.554004],[-92.361518,44.558935],[-92.399281,44.558292],[-92.431101,44.565786],[-92.455105,44.561886],[-92.481001,44.568276],[-92.493808,44.566063],[-92.518358,44.575183],[-92.54806,44.567792],[-92.55151,44.571607],[-92.549777,44.58113],[-92.569434,44.603539],[-92.577148,44.605054],[-92.584711,44.599861],[-92.601516,44.612052],[-92.621456,44.615017],[-92.619779,44.634195],[-92.632105,44.649027],[-92.660988,44.660884],[-92.700948,44.693751],[-92.737259,44.717155],[-92.787906,44.737432],[-92.807317,44.750364],[-92.805287,44.768361],[-92.785206,44.792303],[-92.78043,44.812589],[-92.766102,44.834966],[-92.76909,44.861997],[-92.764133,44.875905],[-92.773946,44.889997],[-92.774571,44.898084],[-92.758701,44.908979],[-92.750645,44.937299],[-92.754603,44.955767],[-92.769445,44.97215],[-92.771231,45.001378],[-92.76206,45.02432],[-92.770362,45.033803],[-92.793282,45.047178],[-92.803079,45.060978],[-92.800851,45.069477],[-92.791528,45.079647],[-92.746749,45.107051],[-92.739528,45.116515],[-92.745694,45.123112],[-92.757707,45.155466],[-92.752542,45.171772],[-92.764872,45.182812],[-92.767408,45.190166],[-92.763908,45.204866],[-92.751708,45.218666],[-92.760249,45.2496],[-92.751659,45.26591],[-92.760615,45.278827],[-92.761013,45.289028],[-92.737122,45.300459],[-92.709968,45.321302],[-92.698967,45.336374],[-92.703705,45.35633],[-92.679193,45.37271],[-92.669505,45.389111],[-92.650422,45.398507],[-92.646602,45.441635],[-92.652698,45.454527],[-92.680234,45.464344],[-92.702224,45.493046],[-92.726677,45.514462],[-92.726082,45.541112],[-92.770223,45.566939],[-92.785741,45.567888],[-92.823309,45.560934],[-92.871082,45.567581],[-92.883749,45.575483],[-92.886442,45.598679],[-92.882529,45.610216],[-92.888035,45.624959],[-92.887929,45.639006],[-92.875488,45.689014],[-92.870145,45.696757],[-92.869193,45.717568],[-92.809837,45.744172],[-92.784621,45.764196],[-92.776496,45.790014],[-92.757815,45.806574],[-92.765146,45.830183],[-92.739991,45.846283],[-92.734039,45.868108],[-92.712503,45.891705],[-92.676607,45.90637],[-92.676807,45.91093],[-92.659549,45.922937],[-92.639116,45.924555],[-92.640115,45.932478],[-92.636316,45.934634],[-92.614314,45.934529],[-92.60246,45.940815],[-92.551933,45.951651],[-92.549806,45.967986],[-92.527052,45.983245],[-92.469354,45.973811],[-92.46126,45.979427],[-92.464512,45.985038],[-92.453373,45.992913],[-92.442259,46.016177],[-92.428555,46.024241],[-92.410649,46.027259],[-92.372717,46.014198],[-92.35176,46.015685],[-92.344244,46.02743],[-92.343604,46.040917],[-92.332912,46.062697],[-92.294033,46.074377],[-92.292192,46.666042],[-92.287392,46.667342],[-92.286192,46.660342],[-92.274392,46.657441],[-92.270592,46.650741],[-92.256592,46.658741],[-92.242493,46.649241],[-92.228492,46.652941],[-92.216392,46.649841],[-92.207092,46.651941],[-92.202292,46.655041],[-92.204092,46.666941],[-92.176091,46.686341],[-92.183091,46.695241],[-92.198491,46.696141],[-92.205192,46.698341],[-92.205692,46.702541],[-92.189091,46.717541],[-92.167291,46.719941],[-92.146291,46.71594],[-92.141291,46.72524],[-92.14329,46.73464],[-92.13789,46.73954],[-92.108777,46.749105],[-92.08949,46.74924],[-92.03399,46.708939],[-92.020289,46.704039],[-92.007989,46.705039],[-91.961889,46.682539],[-91.942988,46.679939],[-91.886963,46.690211],[-91.820027,46.690176],[-91.790473,46.694624],[-91.74965,46.709129],[-91.646146,46.734575],[-91.590684,46.754331],[-91.511077,46.757453],[-91.489125,46.766997],[-91.44957,46.773252],[-91.411799,46.78964],[-91.369387,46.793745],[-91.33825,46.817704],[-91.315061,46.826729],[-91.256873,46.836833],[-91.226796,46.86361],[-91.207524,46.865835],[-91.200107,46.854017],[-91.178292,46.844259],[-91.168297,46.844727],[-91.140301,46.873105],[-91.133337,46.870341],[-91.134977,46.859023],[-91.107323,46.857469],[-91.096565,46.86153],[-91.090916,46.88267],[-91.080951,46.883609],[-91.069331,46.878772],[-91.052991,46.881325],[-91.03989,46.88923],[-91.034518,46.903053],[-91.019141,46.911502],[-90.995149,46.917577],[-90.968419,46.94391],[-90.92204,46.931372],[-90.914044,46.933346],[-90.908654,46.941221],[-90.880358,46.957661],[-90.855874,46.962232],[-90.838814,46.957728],[-90.786595,46.927019],[-90.75563,46.899247],[-90.751151,46.887863],[-90.77017,46.876296],[-90.798545,46.823922],[-90.825696,46.803858],[-90.835008,46.790366],[-90.854916,46.788952],[-90.863542,46.780565],[-90.859724,46.774433],[-90.862333,46.768135],[-90.885021,46.756341],[-90.870396,46.723293],[-90.853225,46.70028],[-90.853644,46.694464],[-90.870079,46.679449],[-90.914619,46.659054],[-90.924487,46.625417],[-90.93831,46.608768],[-90.951418,46.600774],[-90.942101,46.588573],[-90.906058,46.58343],[-90.873154,46.601223],[-90.794775,46.624941],[-90.770192,46.636127],[-90.755381,46.646225],[-90.756495,46.664591],[-90.74809,46.669817],[-90.73726,46.692267],[-90.627885,46.623839],[-90.558141,46.586384],[-90.538346,46.581182],[-90.505909,46.589614],[-90.437596,46.561492],[-90.418136,46.566094],[-90.39332,46.532615],[-90.369964,46.540549],[-90.350121,46.537337],[-90.344338,46.552087],[-90.331887,46.553278],[-90.326686,46.54615],[-90.320428,46.546287],[-90.310859,46.539365],[-90.316983,46.517319],[-90.285707,46.518846],[-90.277131,46.524487],[-90.272599,46.521127],[-90.274721,46.515416],[-90.270684,46.508237],[-90.263018,46.502777],[-90.231587,46.509842],[-90.230324,46.501732],[-90.216594,46.501759],[-90.204009,46.478175],[-90.188996,46.469015],[-90.193294,46.463143],[-90.180336,46.456746],[-90.17786,46.440548],[-90.166919,46.439851],[-90.158603,46.422656],[-90.157851,46.409291],[-90.144359,46.390255],[-90.13225,46.381249],[-90.133871,46.371828],[-90.116844,46.355153],[-90.12138,46.338131],[-89.09163,46.138505],[-88.85027,46.040274],[-88.837991,46.030176],[-88.811948,46.021609],[-88.79646,46.023605],[-88.80067,46.030036],[-88.796182,46.033712],[-88.779221,46.031869],[-88.783891,46.020934],[-88.779915,46.015436],[-88.765208,46.022086],[-88.756295,46.020173],[-88.746422,46.025798],[-88.730675,46.026535],[-88.721125,46.022013],[-88.718397,46.013284],[-88.704687,46.018154],[-88.679132,46.013538],[-88.661312,45.988819],[-88.6375,45.98496],[-88.616405,45.9877],[-88.611466,46.003332],[-88.60144,46.017599],[-88.59386,46.015132],[-88.589755,46.005602],[-88.565485,46.015708],[-88.550756,46.012896],[-88.541078,46.013763],[-88.533825,46.020915],[-88.514601,46.019926],[-88.507188,46.0183],[-88.498108,45.99636],[-88.492495,45.992157],[-88.476002,45.992826],[-88.470855,46.001004],[-88.458658,45.999391],[-88.450325,45.990181],[-88.439733,45.990456],[-88.416914,45.975323],[-88.388847,45.982675],[-88.380183,45.991654],[-88.330137,45.965951],[-88.330296,45.956625],[-88.326953,45.955071],[-88.316894,45.960969],[-88.292381,45.951115],[-88.250133,45.963147],[-88.246307,45.962983],[-88.242518,45.950363],[-88.23314,45.947405],[-88.201852,45.945173],[-88.202116,45.949836],[-88.191991,45.95274],[-88.170096,45.93947],[-88.146352,45.935314],[-88.121864,45.92075],[-88.104686,45.922121],[-88.096496,45.917273],[-88.095354,45.913895],[-88.105677,45.904387],[-88.101814,45.883504],[-88.095841,45.880042],[-88.083965,45.881186],[-88.073944,45.875593],[-88.075146,45.864832],[-88.081641,45.865087],[-88.13611,45.819029],[-88.129461,45.809288],[-88.105355,45.800104],[-88.103247,45.791361],[-88.072091,45.780261],[-88.050634,45.780972],[-88.040221,45.789236],[-87.991447,45.795393],[-87.98087,45.776977],[-87.989829,45.772945],[-87.96697,45.764021],[-87.963452,45.75822],[-87.905873,45.759364],[-87.896032,45.752285],[-87.875813,45.753888],[-87.864141,45.745697],[-87.86432,45.737139],[-87.85548,45.726943],[-87.805867,45.706841],[-87.809181,45.700337],[-87.782226,45.683053],[-87.780737,45.675458],[-87.823164,45.662732],[-87.824102,45.647138],[-87.810194,45.638732],[-87.79588,45.618846],[-87.780845,45.614599],[-87.777199,45.588499],[-87.787534,45.581376],[-87.790874,45.564096],[-87.806104,45.562863],[-87.829346,45.568776],[-87.833591,45.562529],[-87.80339,45.538272],[-87.802267,45.514233],[-87.792769,45.499967],[-87.812971,45.4661],[-87.861697,45.434473],[-87.860432,45.423504],[-87.849322,45.403872],[-87.859131,45.398967],[-87.859418,45.388227],[-87.875424,45.379373],[-87.871789,45.373557],[-87.884855,45.362792],[-87.888052,45.354697],[-87.881114,45.351278],[-87.86856,45.360537],[-87.860871,45.351192],[-87.850418,45.347492],[-87.848368,45.340676],[-87.832612,45.352249],[-87.790324,45.353444],[-87.783076,45.349725],[-87.754104,45.349442],[-87.751626,45.354169],[-87.738352,45.358243],[-87.718891,45.377462],[-87.693956,45.389893],[-87.675017,45.382454],[-87.674403,45.378065],[-87.657349,45.368752],[-87.656632,45.358617],[-87.648476,45.352243],[-87.648126,45.339396],[-87.662029,45.326434],[-87.663666,45.318257],[-87.687498,45.298055],[-87.698248,45.281512],[-87.69878,45.26942],[-87.709137,45.260341],[-87.711339,45.239965],[-87.724156,45.233236],[-87.721935,45.228444],[-87.726952,45.218949],[-87.726198,45.209391],[-87.741732,45.198201],[-87.736509,45.173389],[-87.683902,45.144135],[-87.675816,45.135059],[-87.678511,45.131204],[-87.672447,45.121294],[-87.661296,45.112566],[-87.661211,45.108279],[-87.631535,45.106224],[-87.59188,45.094689],[-87.587147,45.089495],[-87.587992,45.085271],[-87.601849,45.082297],[-87.610395,45.075617],[-87.625748,45.045157],[-87.624693,45.014176],[-87.630298,44.976865],[-87.661964,44.973035],[-87.696492,44.974233],[-87.766115,44.965351],[-87.817551,44.951986],[-87.837647,44.933091],[-87.844299,44.918524],[-87.827751,44.891229],[-87.832764,44.880939],[-87.852789,44.86486],[-87.865898,44.840988],[-87.878218,44.839016],[-87.899787,44.828051],[-87.941453,44.75608],[-87.964714,44.74357],[-87.983065,44.72073],[-87.990081,44.669791],[-88.002085,44.664035],[-88.009766,44.637081],[-87.998836,44.609523],[-88.001943,44.603909],[-88.012395,44.602438],[-88.027103,44.578992],[-88.039092,44.574324],[-88.042261,44.567344],[-88.005518,44.539216],[-87.970702,44.530292],[-87.943801,44.529693],[-87.929001,44.535993],[-87.901206,44.568887],[-87.899368,44.573043],[-87.903689,44.581317],[-87.901179,44.584545],[-87.867941,44.607606],[-87.809076,44.636189],[-87.77516,44.639281],[-87.756048,44.649117],[-87.748409,44.667122],[-87.71978,44.693246],[-87.720312,44.725073],[-87.610063,44.838384],[-87.581635,44.851638],[-87.550288,44.85129],[-87.530999,44.857437],[-87.515142,44.869596],[-87.502431,44.864619],[-87.478489,44.863572],[-87.437084,44.892718],[-87.421007,44.887869],[-87.419951,44.87594],[-87.405658,44.860098]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.895055,45.329035],[-86.899488,45.322588],[-86.896667,45.307275],[-86.899891,45.295185],[-86.925681,45.3242],[-86.95499,45.34128],[-86.956192,45.351179],[-86.946297,45.35869],[-86.95497,45.383194],[-86.943041,45.41525],[-86.934724,45.421123],[-86.928045,45.411273],[-86.917686,45.40789],[-86.892893,45.40898],[-86.877502,45.413981],[-86.862174,45.412151],[-86.853145,45.405547],[-86.830353,45.410852],[-86.828731,45.428461],[-86.810055,45.422619],[-86.805415,45.407324],[-86.824383,45.406135],[-86.841432,45.389601],[-86.853103,45.370861],[-86.863367,45.365],[-86.869031,45.333244],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Wisconsin\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fac8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corsi, Steven R. srcorsi@usgs.gov","contributorId":511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"Steven R.","email":"srcorsi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":174930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, John F. jfwalker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"John","email":"jfwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":174931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graczyk, D.J.","contributorId":108119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graczyk","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greb, S.R.","contributorId":19179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greb","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Owens, D.W.","contributorId":28994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rappold, K.F.","contributorId":87568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rappold","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":44766,"text":"wri934097 - 1995 - Estimated withdrawals and use of freshwater in Vermont, 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-13T20:22:31.514816","indexId":"wri934097","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4097","title":"Estimated withdrawals and use of freshwater in Vermont, 1990","docAbstract":"Estimated freshwater withdrawals during 1990 in Vermont totaled about 632 million gallons per day. The largest withdrawals were for thermoelectric- power generation (82 percent), industrial use (7 percent), and public supply (6 percent). Most withdrawals, 587 million gallons per day, were made from surface-water sources as compared to 44.9 million gallons per day from ground-water sources. The largest withdrawals were in the Upper Connecticut-Mascomo River Basin (525 million gallons per day). About 17,700 million gallons per day were used instream for hydroelectric-poser generation, the largest of which were in the Upper Connecticut-Mascoma and Otter River Basins. Other information describing water-use patters is shown in tables, bar graphs, pie charts, maps, and accompanying text. The data are aggregated by river basin (hydrologic cataloging unit), and all amounts are reports in million gallons per day.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934097","usgsCitation":"Horn, M., and Medalie, L., 1995, Estimated withdrawals and use of freshwater in Vermont, 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4097, 1 Plate: 39.25 x 32.75 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934097.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 39.25 x 32.75 inches","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110264,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47814.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"47814"},{"id":82073,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4097/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":171512,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-72.433796,43.232999],[-72.4405,43.219049],[-72.440563,43.215254],[-72.437719,43.20275],[-72.45028,43.192485],[-72.449435,43.18917],[-72.443749,43.182221],[-72.443405,43.179729],[-72.452556,43.172117],[-72.451868,43.170174],[-72.451802,43.153486],[-72.45714,43.148493],[-72.45689,43.146558],[-72.451986,43.138924],[-72.448303,43.137187],[-72.444214,43.13737],[-72.440905,43.135793],[-72.44078,43.131472],[-72.442746,43.131152],[-72.442933,43.130192],[-72.432972,43.119655],[-72.433129,43.112637],[-72.434845,43.109917],[-72.440587,43.106145],[-72.442427,43.10363],[-72.443051,43.100841],[-72.435191,43.086622],[-72.435316,43.083536],[-72.445202,43.071352],[-72.45471,43.063487],[-72.463812,43.057404],[-72.467363,43.052648],[-72.465896,43.047505],[-72.462248,43.044214],[-72.460252,43.040671],[-72.46299,43.028531],[-72.462397,43.02556],[-72.457035,43.017285],[-72.444635,43.010566],[-72.443762,43.006245],[-72.448714,43.001169],[-72.451797,43.000577],[-72.456936,43.001306],[-72.459951,43.00008],[-72.46294,42.996943],[-72.464714,42.993582],[-72.465335,42.989558],[-72.461627,42.982906],[-72.473827,42.972045],[-72.476722,42.971746],[-72.479245,42.973597],[-72.481706,42.973985],[-72.486872,42.971789],[-72.492597,42.967648],[-72.504226,42.965815],[-72.507901,42.964171],[-72.518422,42.96317],[-72.532186,42.954945],[-72.534554,42.949894],[-72.531693,42.94651],[-72.52855,42.94532],[-72.527431,42.943148],[-72.526346,42.935717],[-72.527097,42.928584],[-72.524242,42.918501],[-72.52443,42.915575],[-72.530218,42.911576],[-72.531588,42.907164],[-72.531469,42.89795],[-72.532777,42.896076],[-72.540708,42.889379],[-72.552834,42.884968],[-72.555415,42.875428],[-72.555131,42.871058],[-72.556214,42.86695],[-72.555132,42.865731],[-72.554232,42.860038],[-72.557247,42.853019],[-72.553426,42.846709],[-72.54855,42.842021],[-72.546133,42.823938],[-72.542784,42.808482],[-72.5396,42.804832],[-72.515838,42.78856],[-72.508858,42.779919],[-72.508372,42.77461],[-72.514836,42.771436],[-72.516731,42.76867],[-72.516082,42.765949],[-72.513105,42.763822],[-72.507985,42.764414],[-72.50069,42.767657],[-72.499249,42.769054],[-72.497949,42.772918],[-72.491122,42.772465],[-72.484878,42.76554],[-72.479354,42.763119],[-72.477615,42.761245],[-72.475938,42.757702],[-72.473071,42.745916],[-72.461001,42.733209],[-72.458488,42.729094],[-72.458519,42.726853],[-72.809113,42.736581],[-73.276421,42.746019],[-73.290944,42.80192],[-73.286337,42.808038],[-73.28375,42.813864],[-73.287063,42.82014],[-73.285388,42.834093],[-73.284311,42.834954],[-73.278673,42.83341],[-73.26978,43.035923],[-73.265574,43.096223],[-73.256493,43.259249],[-73.24672,43.518875],[-73.247631,43.51924],[-73.247698,43.523173],[-73.246821,43.52578],[-73.241891,43.529418],[-73.241589,43.534973],[-73.246585,43.541855],[-73.250132,43.543429],[-73.250408,43.550425],[-73.24842,43.552577],[-73.248641,43.553857],[-73.252602,43.556851],[-73.258631,43.564949],[-73.26938,43.571973],[-73.279726,43.574241],[-73.280952,43.575407],[-73.281296,43.577579],[-73.284912,43.579272],[-73.294621,43.57897],[-73.295344,43.580235],[-73.29444,43.582494],[-73.292113,43.584509],[-73.296924,43.587323],[-73.292801,43.593861],[-73.292232,43.60255],[-73.29802,43.610028],[-73.300285,43.610806],[-73.302076,43.624364],[-73.302552,43.625708],[-73.306234,43.628018],[-73.310606,43.624114],[-73.317566,43.627355],[-73.323893,43.627629],[-73.327702,43.625913],[-73.342181,43.62607],[-73.347621,43.622509],[-73.358593,43.625065],[-73.365562,43.62344],[-73.368899,43.62471],[-73.371889,43.624489],[-73.372486,43.622751],[-73.369933,43.619093],[-73.376036,43.612596],[-73.372469,43.604848],[-73.377748,43.599656],[-73.383446,43.596778],[-73.383426,43.584727],[-73.382549,43.579193],[-73.383369,43.57677],[-73.39196,43.569915],[-73.395767,43.568087],[-73.398125,43.568065],[-73.405629,43.571179],[-73.416964,43.57773],[-73.420378,43.581489],[-73.428636,43.583994],[-73.431229,43.588285],[-73.421616,43.603023],[-73.423708,43.612356],[-73.417668,43.621687],[-73.42791,43.634428],[-73.428583,43.636543],[-73.426463,43.642598],[-73.423539,43.645676],[-73.418763,43.64788],[-73.415513,43.65245],[-73.414546,43.658209],[-73.408061,43.669438],[-73.407776,43.672519],[-73.404126,43.681339],[-73.403474,43.684694],[-73.405243,43.688367],[-73.404739,43.690213],[-73.402078,43.693106],[-73.395517,43.696831],[-73.385883,43.711336],[-73.377756,43.717712],[-73.370612,43.725329],[-73.369916,43.728789],[-73.370724,43.735571],[-73.369725,43.744274],[-73.354597,43.764167],[-73.350593,43.771939],[-73.354758,43.776721],[-73.357547,43.785933],[-73.362498,43.790211],[-73.376361,43.798766],[-73.37827,43.805995],[-73.380804,43.810951],[-73.390302,43.817371],[-73.392492,43.820779],[-73.392751,43.822196],[-73.388389,43.832404],[-73.381865,43.837315],[-73.376598,43.839357],[-73.372247,43.845337],[-73.373742,43.847693],[-73.380987,43.852633],[-73.382046,43.855008],[-73.381501,43.859235],[-73.374051,43.875563],[-73.383491,43.890951],[-73.395878,43.903044],[-73.400926,43.917048],[-73.408589,43.932933],[-73.405525,43.948813],[-73.406823,43.967317],[-73.412613,43.97998],[-73.405977,44.011485],[-73.405999,44.016229],[-73.407739,44.021312],[-73.410776,44.026944],[-73.414364,44.029526],[-73.42312,44.032759],[-73.427987,44.037708],[-73.43688,44.042578],[-73.43774,44.045006],[-73.431991,44.06345],[-73.429239,44.079414],[-73.416319,44.099422],[-73.411316,44.112686],[-73.411722,44.11754],[-73.415761,44.132826],[-73.41172,44.137825],[-73.408118,44.139373],[-73.402381,44.145856],[-73.399634,44.155326],[-73.398728,44.162248],[-73.395532,44.166122],[-73.397385,44.171596],[-73.396892,44.173846],[-73.395862,44.175785],[-73.390383,44.179486],[-73.389658,44.181249],[-73.390583,44.190886],[-73.388502,44.192318],[-73.383987,44.193158],[-73.382252,44.197178],[-73.375289,44.199868],[-73.370678,44.204546],[-73.362013,44.208545],[-73.355276,44.219554],[-73.355252,44.22287],[-73.350806,44.225943],[-73.349889,44.230356],[-73.342312,44.234531],[-73.34323,44.238049],[-73.336778,44.239557],[-73.3305,44.244254],[-73.323596,44.243897],[-73.319802,44.249547],[-73.312852,44.265346],[-73.311025,44.27424],[-73.312299,44.280025],[-73.316838,44.287683],[-73.322267,44.301523],[-73.324229,44.310023],[-73.323997,44.333842],[-73.327335,44.344369],[-73.334637,44.356877],[-73.334939,44.364441],[-73.333575,44.372288],[-73.330369,44.375987],[-73.320954,44.382669],[-73.315016,44.388513],[-73.310491,44.402601],[-73.296031,44.428339],[-73.293613,44.440559],[-73.295216,44.445884],[-73.300114,44.454711],[-73.298725,44.463957],[-73.298939,44.471304],[-73.299885,44.476652],[-73.304418,44.485739],[-73.306707,44.500334],[-73.312871,44.507246],[-73.320836,44.513631],[-73.322026,44.525289],[-73.323935,44.52712],[-73.329458,44.529203],[-73.331595,44.535924],[-73.338995,44.543302],[-73.338751,44.548046],[-73.342932,44.551907],[-73.356788,44.557918],[-73.360088,44.562546],[-73.367275,44.567545],[-73.374389,44.575455],[-73.375666,44.582038],[-73.381848,44.589316],[-73.38164,44.590583],[-73.376806,44.595455],[-73.376849,44.599598],[-73.380726,44.605239],[-73.382932,44.612184],[-73.38982,44.61721],[-73.390231,44.618353],[-73.386497,44.626924],[-73.385899,44.631044],[-73.386783,44.636369],[-73.378561,44.641475],[-73.383157,44.645764],[-73.377973,44.652918],[-73.379074,44.656772],[-73.374134,44.66234],[-73.37059,44.662518],[-73.369669,44.663478],[-73.370065,44.666071],[-73.37272,44.668739],[-73.371843,44.676956],[-73.367209,44.678513],[-73.367414,44.681292],[-73.370142,44.684853],[-73.365297,44.687546],[-73.361308,44.694523],[-73.36556,44.700297],[-73.365561,44.741786],[-73.363791,44.745254],[-73.354361,44.755296],[-73.347072,44.772988],[-73.344254,44.776282],[-73.335713,44.782086],[-73.333771,44.785192],[-73.333154,44.788759],[-73.333933,44.7992],[-73.335443,44.804602],[-73.3502,44.816394],[-73.354945,44.8215],[-73.369647,44.829136],[-73.375345,44.836307],[-73.379452,44.83801],[-73.381359,44.845021],[-73.379822,44.857037],[-73.375709,44.860745],[-73.371967,44.862414],[-73.369103,44.86668],[-73.362229,44.891463],[-73.35808,44.901325],[-73.353657,44.907346],[-73.341106,44.914632],[-73.338979,44.917681],[-73.338482,44.924112],[-73.339603,44.94337],[-73.337906,44.960541],[-73.338243,44.96475],[-73.350218,44.976222],[-73.352886,44.980644],[-73.354633,44.987352],[-73.350188,44.994304],[-73.343124,45.01084],[-73.085972,45.015494],[-73.084969,45.014751],[-73.065098,45.014786],[-73.059685,45.015869],[-73.048386,45.01479],[-72.968039,45.014098],[-72.845633,45.016659],[-72.67477,45.015459],[-72.58988,45.013237],[-72.582371,45.011543],[-72.555912,45.008304],[-72.448865,45.008537],[-72.310073,45.003822],[-72.160506,45.006185],[-72.103058,45.005598],[-72.052169,45.006369],[-72.033614,45.008878],[-72.029739,45.006782],[-72.023292,45.006792],[-71.947201,45.008359],[-71.915009,45.007791],[-71.767452,45.011437],[-71.464555,45.013637],[-71.466247,45.011959],[-71.473269,45.010586],[-71.476168,45.009054],[-71.477907,45.007453],[-71.479611,45.002905],[-71.487565,45.000936],[-71.497412,45.003878],[-71.501055,45.006742],[-71.507767,45.00817],[-71.514609,45.003957],[-71.525016,45.001881],[-71.530091,44.999656],[-71.53698,44.994177],[-71.538592,44.988182],[-71.537784,44.984298],[-71.531605,44.976023],[-71.527163,44.973668],[-71.52237,44.966308],[-71.516223,44.964569],[-71.514843,44.958741],[-71.516814,44.947588],[-71.515498,44.94352],[-71.516949,44.939704],[-71.515189,44.927317],[-71.509207,44.923429],[-71.500788,44.914535],[-71.494403,44.911837],[-71.49392,44.910923],[-71.495844,44.90498],[-71.496968,44.904225],[-71.501088,44.904433],[-71.508642,44.897703],[-71.51387,44.894648],[-71.51409,44.893149],[-71.511712,44.891571],[-71.512292,44.890246],[-71.522393,44.880811],[-71.528342,44.877819],[-71.529154,44.873559],[-71.534588,44.869698],[-71.540116,44.868625],[-71.545901,44.866134],[-71.549533,44.862592],[-71.550304,44.859552],[-71.548377,44.857016],[-71.548345,44.85553],[-71.553656,44.852123],[-71.556805,44.848808],[-71.55675,44.846862],[-71.552654,44.842049],[-71.552218,44.837775],[-71.553712,44.836065],[-71.557672,44.834421],[-71.562256,44.824632],[-71.567907,44.823832],[-71.5755,44.816058],[-71.575139,44.813565],[-71.572864,44.810383],[-71.569216,44.808813],[-71.569098,44.807044],[-71.573129,44.797947],[-71.571706,44.79483],[-71.573247,44.791882],[-71.580005,44.78548],[-71.584392,44.785733],[-71.592966,44.782776],[-71.596949,44.778987],[-71.596035,44.775422],[-71.601471,44.772067],[-71.604615,44.767738],[-71.611767,44.764345],[-71.614267,44.760622],[-71.614238,44.758664],[-71.617941,44.755883],[-71.623924,44.755135],[-71.631883,44.752463],[-71.631109,44.748689],[-71.626909,44.747224],[-71.62518,44.743978],[-71.625611,44.730312],[-71.624922,44.729032],[-71.622593,44.727773],[-71.619067,44.729283],[-71.617656,44.728918],[-71.618355,44.72261],[-71.613094,44.718933],[-71.604912,44.70815],[-71.59975,44.705318],[-71.599205,44.703878],[-71.600772,44.700815],[-71.600162,44.698919],[-71.594136,44.696932],[-71.598042,44.692818],[-71.596437,44.687059],[-71.594224,44.683815],[-71.596304,44.679083],[-71.590024,44.675543],[-71.583009,44.674836],[-71.581983,44.673533],[-71.585645,44.669277],[-71.584574,44.665351],[-71.586578,44.659478],[-71.582965,44.656621],[-71.576013,44.655691],[-71.576312,44.653179],[-71.575145,44.650612],[-71.570235,44.650483],[-71.567645,44.65356],[-71.566144,44.653863],[-71.561772,44.650224],[-71.558571,44.644373],[-71.558026,44.641791],[-71.558859,44.640122],[-71.562636,44.639505],[-71.562636,44.637266],[-71.554634,44.632197],[-71.551722,44.627598],[-71.55576,44.624119],[-71.55656,44.616988],[-71.553873,44.607069],[-71.556014,44.601383],[-71.553447,44.593451],[-71.549268,44.593174],[-71.536251,44.588441],[-71.537724,44.584785],[-71.544922,44.579278],[-71.547448,44.578547],[-71.5532,44.580683],[-71.5533,44.576924],[-71.548952,44.573084],[-71.548728,44.571873],[-71.55167,44.569657],[-71.557972,44.570451],[-71.558985,44.568779],[-71.558565,44.565572],[-71.559846,44.564119],[-71.569599,44.562777],[-71.575519,44.564775],[-71.59017,44.565694],[-71.593923,44.563813],[-71.596137,44.560898],[-71.598116,44.555412],[-71.596804,44.553424],[-71.575193,44.540859],[-71.573083,44.53798],[-71.574456,44.53366],[-71.582505,44.524403],[-71.587104,44.522436],[-71.592855,44.523006],[-71.594259,44.52168],[-71.593971,44.519738],[-71.592117,44.517773],[-71.586909,44.514666],[-71.583233,44.508268],[-71.577771,44.504886],[-71.577068,44.504041],[-71.577643,44.502692],[-71.579974,44.501778],[-71.58387,44.503217],[-71.586648,44.502873],[-71.585881,44.500057],[-71.586972,44.498526],[-71.589622,44.498525],[-71.591917,44.500975],[-71.594303,44.500749],[-71.595484,44.494424],[-71.59948,44.486455],[-71.609568,44.484348],[-71.617614,44.485715],[-71.622089,44.481387],[-71.625019,44.481784],[-71.625676,44.483201],[-71.627655,44.484207],[-71.632795,44.48389],[-71.639312,44.477836],[-71.64589,44.475141],[-71.648178,44.472023],[-71.647864,44.469976],[-71.640847,44.465935],[-71.640404,44.464186],[-71.645068,44.460545],[-71.65232,44.461117],[-71.653348,44.460499],[-71.657313,44.454003],[-71.659021,44.444932],[-71.66183,44.440293],[-71.664191,44.438351],[-71.668944,44.436523],[-71.679263,44.435018],[-71.67995,44.427908],[-71.68585,44.423405],[-71.699434,44.416069],[-71.708041,44.411977],[-71.715087,44.41049],[-71.726199,44.411385],[-71.735923,44.410062],[-71.739921,44.406778],[-71.743104,44.401657],[-71.749533,44.401955],[-71.756091,44.406401],[-71.761966,44.407027],[-71.767888,44.405445],[-71.778613,44.399799],[-71.790688,44.40026],[-71.793924,44.399271],[-71.803488,44.39189],[-71.803489,44.390384],[-71.799899,44.385951],[-71.800316,44.384276],[-71.803461,44.383335],[-71.808828,44.383862],[-71.814388,44.381932],[-71.815773,44.375464],[-71.812235,44.371492],[-71.816157,44.367559],[-71.812206,44.357356],[-71.814351,44.354541],[-71.833261,44.350136],[-71.852628,44.340873],[-71.861941,44.340109],[-71.872472,44.336628],[-71.902332,44.347499],[-71.906909,44.348284],[-71.917434,44.346535],[-71.925088,44.342024],[-71.92911,44.337577],[-71.935395,44.33577],[-71.939049,44.335844],[-71.945163,44.337744],[-71.958119,44.337544],[-71.963133,44.336556],[-71.98112,44.3375],[-71.984617,44.336243],[-71.986484,44.331218],[-71.988306,44.329768],[-72.009977,44.321951],[-72.01913,44.320383],[-72.029061,44.322398],[-72.033136,44.320365],[-72.033806,44.317349],[-72.032341,44.315752],[-72.032317,44.306677],[-72.033465,44.301878],[-72.03703,44.297834],[-72.046302,44.291983],[-72.053355,44.290501],[-72.05888,44.28624],[-72.065434,44.277235],[-72.067774,44.270976],[-72.066464,44.268331],[-72.064544,44.267997],[-72.060846,44.269972],[-72.05874,44.270005],[-72.058969,44.265911],[-72.061174,44.263377],[-72.059782,44.256018],[-72.05399,44.246926],[-72.050112,44.244046],[-72.047889,44.238493],[-72.053582,44.22604],[-72.0539,44.222703],[-72.052662,44.218841],[-72.053233,44.216876],[-72.058605,44.208215],[-72.058066,44.206067],[-72.058987,44.202114],[-72.064577,44.196949],[-72.066166,44.189773],[-72.061338,44.184951],[-72.057496,44.179444],[-72.053021,44.167903],[-72.047593,44.161801],[-72.042387,44.160817],[-72.040167,44.157023],[-72.040082,44.155749],[-72.042867,44.151288],[-72.041983,44.137165],[-72.033703,44.131541],[-72.037506,44.124708],[-72.041948,44.125653],[-72.04643,44.123911],[-72.052342,44.119891],[-72.054831,44.110137],[-72.052391,44.101088],[-72.048334,44.096905],[-72.043482,44.096996],[-72.042592,44.100744],[-72.039674,44.103371],[-72.032983,44.101655],[-72.03124,44.100101],[-72.031878,44.093359],[-72.03429,44.090138],[-72.040012,44.088762],[-72.046235,44.089538],[-72.048781,44.087141],[-72.047305,44.085382],[-72.033739,44.07883],[-72.031898,44.076241],[-72.03345,44.074531],[-72.036641,44.073999],[-72.039076,44.07452],[-72.042088,44.077008],[-72.051166,44.075826],[-72.051144,44.07385],[-72.04857,44.071359],[-72.048289,44.069136],[-72.053482,44.06473],[-72.056341,44.059582],[-72.058863,44.057921],[-72.067612,44.058034],[-72.06915,44.054817],[-72.062713,44.051618],[-72.06215,44.049931],[-72.066422,44.049299],[-72.074881,44.045892],[-72.078989,44.042886],[-72.079397,44.039531],[-72.075486,44.034614],[-72.075004,44.032789],[-72.081357,44.028529],[-72.082432,44.022154],[-72.084871,44.021308],[-72.09203,44.024459],[-72.0951,44.021831],[-72.095193,44.016666],[-72.090504,44.012736],[-72.090059,44.009903],[-72.093257,44.009376],[-72.095247,44.01358],[-72.098897,44.015477],[-72.102475,44.014882],[-72.105292,44.012663],[-72.103765,44.002837],[-72.109019,44.000535],[-72.116985,43.99448],[-72.116706,43.991954],[-72.112813,43.98802],[-72.111756,43.984943],[-72.11249,43.975654],[-72.114702,43.969478],[-72.114273,43.967513],[-72.110945,43.966959],[-72.104972,43.96995],[-72.096161,43.968132],[-72.091104,43.966443],[-72.090357,43.965409],[-72.098563,43.963833],[-72.100543,43.962478],[-72.100894,43.960851],[-72.098689,43.95766],[-72.105875,43.94937],[-72.110872,43.947654],[-72.117839,43.946828],[-72.118985,43.943225],[-72.116767,43.933923],[-72.118013,43.923292],[-72.121002,43.918956],[-72.135117,43.910024],[-72.151324,43.901704],[-72.158585,43.892762],[-72.159216,43.888313],[-72.160819,43.887223],[-72.170604,43.886388],[-72.172785,43.883716],[-72.173576,43.87967],[-72.167476,43.86915],[-72.174774,43.866386],[-72.182956,43.865335],[-72.184788,43.863393],[-72.187916,43.856126],[-72.182864,43.845109],[-72.182203,43.834032],[-72.18857,43.821153],[-72.184184,43.812524],[-72.183333,43.808177],[-72.184847,43.804698],[-72.190754,43.800807],[-72.193184,43.794697],[-72.195552,43.791492],[-72.20407,43.786097],[-72.2053,43.784474],[-72.20476,43.771263],[-72.210815,43.767696],[-72.218099,43.765729],[-72.223645,43.757842],[-72.232713,43.748286],[-72.264245,43.734158],[-72.27118,43.734138],[-72.276072,43.727054],[-72.284805,43.72036],[-72.292215,43.711333],[-72.299715,43.706558],[-72.302867,43.702718],[-72.305326,43.69577],[-72.30602,43.683061],[-72.303092,43.678078],[-72.304322,43.669507],[-72.31402,43.656158],[-72.315059,43.649415],[-72.313863,43.646558],[-72.314083,43.64281],[-72.315247,43.641164],[-72.322517,43.638901],[-72.329126,43.635563],[-72.329471,43.632843],[-72.327236,43.630534],[-72.328966,43.626991],[-72.33236,43.62507],[-72.334401,43.61925],[-72.334745,43.614519],[-72.3327,43.610313],[-72.328232,43.606839],[-72.327665,43.602679],[-72.328514,43.600805],[-72.332382,43.599364],[-72.349926,43.587726],[-72.363916,43.583652],[-72.373126,43.579419],[-72.37944,43.574069],[-72.382783,43.562459],[-72.381187,43.554915],[-72.380383,43.54088],[-72.38331,43.53519],[-72.389097,43.528266],[-72.3907,43.527261],[-72.394218,43.5274],[-72.395949,43.52388],[-72.395825,43.52056],[-72.398563,43.513435],[-72.398376,43.510829],[-72.396305,43.508062],[-72.384773,43.500259],[-72.380894,43.493394],[-72.380428,43.488525],[-72.381723,43.480091],[-72.382951,43.476],[-72.3925,43.467364],[-72.390567,43.451225],[-72.393992,43.444666],[-72.395659,43.438541],[-72.395916,43.430974],[-72.399972,43.415249],[-72.403811,43.391935],[-72.405253,43.389992],[-72.413154,43.384302],[-72.415381,43.380211],[-72.415978,43.376531],[-72.415099,43.365896],[-72.413377,43.362741],[-72.403949,43.358098],[-72.39217,43.357865],[-72.390103,43.356926],[-72.39092,43.354984],[-72.400981,43.345775],[-72.410353,43.331675],[-72.408696,43.327674],[-72.402532,43.32038],[-72.397619,43.317064],[-72.395462,43.312994],[-72.401666,43.303395],[-72.407842,43.282892],[-72.41545,43.271374],[-72.421583,43.263442],[-72.435221,43.258483],[-72.438693,43.252905],[-72.438937,43.24424],[-72.433796,43.232999]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Vermont\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649f6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horn, M.A.","contributorId":92223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horn","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Medalie, Laura 0000-0002-2440-2149 lmedalie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-2149","contributorId":3657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medalie","given":"Laura","email":"lmedalie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30054,"text":"wri954270 - 1995 - Quality of surface water and ground water in the proposed artificial-recharge project area, Rillito Creek basin, Tucson, Arizona, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri954270","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4270","title":"Quality of surface water and ground water in the proposed artificial-recharge project area, Rillito Creek basin, Tucson, Arizona, 1994","docAbstract":"Controlled artificial recharge of surface runoff is being considered as a water-management technique to address the problem of ground-water overdraft. The planned use of recharge facilities in urban areas has caused concern about the quality of urban runoff to be recharged and the potential for ground-water contamination. The proposed recharge facility in Rillito Creek will utilize runoff entering a 1-mile reach of the Rillito Creek between Craycroft Road and Swan Road for infiltration and recharge purposes within the channel and excavated overbank areas. Physical and chemical data were collected from two surface-water and two ground-water sites in the study area in 1994. Analyses of surface-water samples were done to determine the occurrence and concentration of potential contaminants and to determine changes in quality since samples were collected during 1987-93. Analyses of ground-water samples were done to determine the variability of ground-water quality at the monitoring wells throughout the year and to determine changes in quality since samples were collected in 1989 and 1993. Surface-water samples were collected from Tanque Verde Creek at Sabino Canyon Road (streamflow-gaging station Tanque Verde Creek at Tucson, 09484500) and from Alamo Wash at Fort Lowell Road in September and May 1994, respectively. Ground-water samples were collected from monitoring wells (D- 13-14)26cbb2 and (D-13-14)26dcb2 in January, May, July, and October 1994. In surface water, calcium was the dominant cation, and bicarbonate was the dominant anion. In ground water, calcium and sodium were the dominant cations and bicarbonate was the dominant anion. Surface water in the area is soft, and ground water is moderately hard to hard. In surface water and ground water, nitrogen was found predominantly as nitrate. Concentrations of manganese in ground-water samples ranged from 60 to 230 micrograms per liter and exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary maximum contaminant level for drinking water of 50 micrograms per liter. None of the constituents in surface-water and ground-water samples exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary maximum contaminant levels for drinking water or State of Arizona aquifer water-quality standards. Concentrations of major ions, nutrients, and trace elements in water from the monitoring wells did not vary significantly throughout the year and were not significantly different from concentrations in samples collected in March 1989 and January and September 1993. Priority pollutants were not found in surface-water samples or ground-water samples, and organochlorine pesticides were not found in ground-water samples. Dieldrin and biphenyl polychlor were the only pesticides found in surface water and were at the minimum reporting levels in one sample from Alamo Wash.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nOpen-File Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954270","usgsCitation":"Tadayon, S., 1995, Quality of surface water and ground water in the proposed artificial-recharge project area, Rillito Creek basin, Tucson, Arizona, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4270, iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954270.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4270/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58864,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4270/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640dbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tadayon, Saeid stadayon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tadayon","given":"Saeid","email":"stadayon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":202601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28247,"text":"wri954233 - 1995 - Synthesis of nutrient and sediment data for watersheds within the Chesapeake Bay drainage basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-29T19:16:52.99799","indexId":"wri954233","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4233","title":"Synthesis of nutrient and sediment data for watersheds within the Chesapeake Bay drainage basin","docAbstract":"Nutrient and sediment data collected by Federal and state agencies from 1972 through 1992 at 1,058 surface-water sites in nontidal parts of the Chesapeake Bay Basin were compiled into a large database. Adequate nutrient, sediment, and streamflow data were not available to compute annual loads for all sites because water-quality monitoring at many of the sites was either short term or noncontinuous or because stream-flow was not measured. Annual nutrient and sediment loads were calculated at a total of 127 sites. Annual loads of dissolved nitrate were calculated for 108 sites, but total nitrogen loads could be calculated for only 48 of these sites because ammonia plus organic nitrogen data were not available for many of these 108 sites. Annual loads of total phosphorus were calculated for 99 sites, and annual loads of suspended sediment were calculated for 33 sites. Loads could be calculated for only a very few sites in the Juniata River Basin (a tributary to the Susquehanna River), the York River Basin, the middle and lower reaches of the James River, and the nontidal parts of the eastern shore of the Bay.\r\n\r\n Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial data sets of land use, physiographic province, rock type, and watershed delineation were compiled for the entire Chesapeake Bay Basin (approximately 64,000 square miles). The nutrient- and sediment-yield were evaluated with respect to land use, physiographic province, rock type, and hydrologic characteristics. During years that the mean streamflow was about equal to the long-term mean streamflow, the Susquehanna River contributed about 50 percent of the freshwater, 66 percent of the total nitrogen, and 40 percent of the total phosphorus transported by tributaries to the Bay. Nutrient and sediment data were available for less than 18 percent of the predominantly agricultural areas underlain by siliciclastic rock and for less than 35 percent of the predominantly agricultural areas underlain by either carbonate rock or unconsolidated rock. Nutrient and sediment data were available for about 91 percent of the predominantly forested areas underlain by siliciclastic rock. Spatial and temporal gaps in the water-quality data and GIs data sets limited some data analysis. Correlations of annual yields or nutrients and sediment with respect to land use, physiographic province, and rock type indicated (1) basins with larger percentages of agricultural land had larger nutrient and sediment yields, (2) basins with larger percentages of forest land had smaller nutrient and sediment loads, (3) the largest total nitrogen yields were from agricultural basins underlain by carbonate rock, (4) yields or nutrients from urban basins were substantially less than yields from agricultural basins, and (5) basins with small amounts of agricultural and urban land had relatively small nutrient and sediment yields.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954233","usgsCitation":"Langland, M., Lietman, P., and Hoffman, S.A., 1995, Synthesis of nutrient and sediment data for watersheds within the Chesapeake Bay drainage basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4233, vi, 121 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954233.","productDescription":"vi, 121 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391176,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48317.htm"},{"id":159212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4233/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57073,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4233/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay drainage basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.1904296875,\n 38.41916639395372\n ],\n [\n -75.223388671875,\n 38.64261790634527\n ],\n [\n -75.35522460937499,\n 38.79690830348427\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 38.87392853923629\n ],\n [\n -75.5419921875,\n 39.0533181067413\n ],\n [\n -75.662841796875,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -75.750732421875,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 40.052847601823984\n ],\n [\n -75.69580078125,\n 40.07807142745009\n ],\n [\n -75.95947265625,\n 40.052847601823984\n ],\n [\n -76.0693359375,\n 40.069664523297774\n ],\n [\n -76.058349609375,\n 40.18726672309203\n ],\n [\n -75.9375,\n 40.29628651711716\n ],\n [\n -75.91552734375,\n 40.3549167507906\n ],\n [\n -75.89355468749999,\n 40.47202439692057\n ],\n [\n -76.09130859375,\n 40.56389453066509\n ],\n [\n -76.190185546875,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -76.0693359375,\n 40.75557964275589\n ],\n [\n -75.83862304687499,\n 40.871987756697415\n ],\n [\n -75.76171875,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -75.706787109375,\n 40.95501133048621\n ],\n [\n -75.7177734375,\n 41.071069130806414\n ],\n [\n -75.662841796875,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -75.5419921875,\n 41.13729606112276\n ],\n [\n -75.322265625,\n 41.104190944576466\n ],\n [\n -75.377197265625,\n 41.22824901518529\n ],\n [\n -75.377197265625,\n 41.28606238749825\n ],\n [\n -75.377197265625,\n 41.43449030894922\n ],\n [\n -75.399169921875,\n 41.6154423246811\n ],\n [\n -75.34423828125,\n 41.68111756290652\n ],\n [\n -75.2783203125,\n 41.91045347666418\n ],\n [\n -75.38818359375,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -75.377197265625,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -75.223388671875,\n 42.17968819665961\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 42.26917949243506\n ],\n [\n -74.8388671875,\n 42.32606244456202\n ],\n [\n -74.520263671875,\n 42.415346114253616\n ],\n [\n -74.278564453125,\n 42.54498667313236\n ],\n [\n -74.322509765625,\n 42.64204079304426\n ],\n [\n -74.410400390625,\n 42.80346172417078\n ],\n [\n -74.68505859374999,\n 42.924251753870685\n ],\n [\n -75.069580078125,\n 42.98053954751642\n ],\n [\n -75.38818359375,\n 42.96446257387128\n ],\n [\n -75.684814453125,\n 42.93229601903058\n ],\n [\n -75.9375,\n 42.87596410238256\n ],\n [\n -76.201171875,\n 42.827638636242284\n ],\n [\n -76.26708984375,\n 42.72280375732727\n ],\n [\n -76.2890625,\n 42.601619944327965\n ],\n [\n -76.2890625,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -76.343994140625,\n 42.415346114253616\n ],\n [\n -76.46484375,\n 42.382894009614034\n ],\n [\n -76.640625,\n 42.431565872579185\n ],\n [\n -76.7724609375,\n 42.39912215986002\n ],\n [\n -76.80541992187499,\n 42.24478535602799\n ],\n [\n -76.88232421875,\n 42.285437007491545\n ],\n [\n -76.9482421875,\n 42.415346114253616\n ],\n [\n -77.04711914062499,\n 42.44778143462245\n ],\n [\n -77.14599609375,\n 42.415346114253616\n ],\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n 42.382894009614034\n ],\n [\n -77.222900390625,\n 42.54498667313236\n ],\n [\n -77.442626953125,\n 42.69858589169842\n ],\n [\n -77.574462890625,\n 42.60970621339408\n ],\n [\n -77.640380859375,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -77.728271484375,\n 42.439674178149424\n ],\n [\n -77.6513671875,\n 42.31793945446847\n ],\n [\n -77.596435546875,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -77.5634765625,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -77.6953125,\n 41.92680320648791\n ],\n [\n -77.9150390625,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -78.0908203125,\n 41.795888098191426\n ],\n [\n -78.453369140625,\n 41.599013054830216\n ],\n [\n -78.453369140625,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -78.42041015625,\n 41.376808565702355\n ],\n [\n -78.3984375,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -78.519287109375,\n 41.054501963290505\n ],\n [\n -78.541259765625,\n 40.9218144123785\n ],\n [\n -78.409423828125,\n 40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n -78.299560546875,\n 40.55554790286311\n ],\n [\n -78.343505859375,\n 40.48873742102282\n ],\n [\n -78.475341796875,\n 40.30466538259176\n ],\n [\n -78.64013671875,\n 40.06125658140474\n ],\n [\n -78.826904296875,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -78.848876953125,\n 39.80853604144591\n ],\n [\n -78.85986328125,\n 39.715638134796336\n ],\n [\n -78.99169921875,\n 39.69873414348139\n ],\n [\n -79.046630859375,\n 39.64799732373418\n ],\n [\n -79.266357421875,\n 39.436192999314095\n ],\n [\n -79.420166015625,\n 39.2832938689385\n ],\n [\n -79.354248046875,\n 39.26628442213066\n ],\n [\n -79.266357421875,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -79.2333984375,\n 39.155622393423215\n ],\n [\n -79.244384765625,\n 39.01918369029134\n ],\n [\n -79.27734374999999,\n 38.89103282648846\n ],\n [\n -79.398193359375,\n 38.74551518488265\n ],\n [\n -79.661865234375,\n 38.54816542304656\n ],\n [\n -79.683837890625,\n 38.47079371120379\n ],\n [\n -79.727783203125,\n 38.34165619279595\n ],\n [\n -79.815673828125,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -80.04638671875,\n 38.013476231041935\n ],\n [\n -80.17822265625,\n 37.779398571318765\n ],\n [\n -80.2880859375,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -80.4638671875,\n 37.47485808497102\n ],\n [\n -80.694580078125,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 37.26530995561875\n ],\n [\n -80.44189453125,\n 37.309014074275915\n ],\n [\n -80.255126953125,\n 37.31775185163688\n ],\n [\n -80.013427734375,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -79.8486328125,\n 37.23907530202184\n ],\n [\n -79.771728515625,\n 37.18657859524883\n ],\n [\n -79.6728515625,\n 37.07271048132943\n ],\n [\n -79.541015625,\n 37.09900294387622\n ],\n [\n -79.354248046875,\n 37.142803443716836\n ],\n [\n -79.1455078125,\n 37.10776507118514\n ],\n [\n -79.112548828125,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -78.936767578125,\n 36.932330061503144\n ],\n [\n -78.837890625,\n 36.94111143010769\n ],\n [\n -78.662109375,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -78.486328125,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -78.42041015625,\n 36.94111143010769\n ],\n [\n -78.20068359374999,\n 36.96744946416934\n ],\n [\n -77.904052734375,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -77.750244140625,\n 37.081475648860525\n ],\n [\n -77.53051757812499,\n 37.081475648860525\n ],\n [\n -77.354736328125,\n 37.07271048132943\n ],\n [\n -77.069091796875,\n 37.081475648860525\n ],\n [\n -76.959228515625,\n 37.01132594307015\n ],\n [\n -76.893310546875,\n 36.932330061503144\n ],\n [\n -76.871337890625,\n 36.83566824724438\n ],\n [\n -76.849365234375,\n 36.677230602346214\n ],\n [\n -76.7724609375,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -76.629638671875,\n 36.55377524336089\n ],\n [\n -76.46484375,\n 36.589068371399115\n ],\n [\n -76.35498046875,\n 36.48314061639213\n ],\n [\n -76.256103515625,\n 36.57142382346277\n ],\n [\n -76.190185546875,\n 36.66841891894786\n ],\n [\n -76.0693359375,\n 36.65079252503471\n ],\n [\n -75.9375,\n 36.66841891894786\n ],\n [\n -75.948486328125,\n 36.76529191711624\n ],\n [\n -75.904541015625,\n 37.01132594307015\n ],\n [\n -75.926513671875,\n 37.17782559332976\n ],\n [\n -75.882568359375,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -75.618896484375,\n 37.640334898059486\n ],\n [\n -75.509033203125,\n 37.82280243352756\n ],\n [\n -75.38818359375,\n 38.013476231041935\n ],\n [\n -75.16845703124999,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -75.1904296875,\n 38.41916639395372\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e58d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langland, M. J.","contributorId":36173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langland","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lietman, P. L.","contributorId":63040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lietman","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, S. A.","contributorId":19575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29769,"text":"wri954230 - 1995 - Application of acoustic velocity meters for gaging discharge of three low-velocity tidal streams in the St. Johns River basin, northeast Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-20T19:46:13.933494","indexId":"wri954230","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4230","title":"Application of acoustic velocity meters for gaging discharge of three low-velocity tidal streams in the St. Johns River basin, northeast Florida","docAbstract":"Index-velocity data collected with acoustic velocity meters, stage data, and cross-sectional area data were used to calculate discharge at three low-velocity, tidal streamflow stations in north-east Florida. Discharge at three streamflow stations was computed as the product of the channel cross-sectional area and the mean velocity as determined from an index velocity measured in the stream using an acoustic velocity meter. The tidal streamlflow stations used in the study were: Six Mile Creek near Picolata, Fla.; Dunns Creek near Satsuma, Fla.; and the St. Johns River at Buffalo Bluff. Cross-sectional areas at the measurement sections ranged from about 3,000 square feet at Six Mile Creek to about 18,500 square feet at St. Johns River at Buffalo Bluff. Physical characteristics for all three streams were similar except for drainage area. The topography primarily is low-relief, swampy terrain; stream velocities ranged from about -2 to 2 feet per second; and the average change in stage was about 1 foot. Instantaneous discharge was measured using a portable acoustic current meter at each of the three streams to develop a relation between the mean velocity in the stream and the index velocity measured by the acoustic velocity meter. Using least-squares linear regression, a simple linear relation between mean velocity and index velocity was determined. Index velocity was the only significant linear predictor of mean velocity for Six Mile Creek and St. Johns River at Buffalo Bluff. For Dunns Creek, both index velocity and stage were used to develop a multiple-linear predictor of mean velocity. Stage-area curves for each stream were developed from bathymetric data. Instantaneous discharge was computed by multiplying results of relations developed for cross-sectional area and mean velocity. Principal sources of error in the estimated discharge are identified as: (1) instrument errors associated with measurement of stage and index velocity, (2) errors in the representation of mean daily stage and index velocity due to natural variability over time and space, and (3) errors in cross-sectional area and mean-velocity ratings based on stage and index velocity. Standard errors for instantaneous discharge for the median cross-sectional area for Six Mile Creek, Dunns Creek, and St. Johns River at Buffalo Bluff were 94,360, and 1,980 cubic feet per second, respectively. Standard errors for mean daily discharge for the median cross-sectional area for Six Mile Creek, Dunns Creek, and St. Johns River at Buffalo Bluff were 25, 65, and 455 cubic feet per second, respectively. Mean daily discharge at the three sites ranged from about -500 to 1,500 cubic feet per second at Six Mile Creek and Dunns Creek and from about -500 to 15,000 cubic feet per second on the St. Johns River at Buffalo Bluff. For periods of high discharge, the AVM index-velocity method tended to produce estimates accurate with 2 to 6 percent. For periods of moderate discharge, errors in discharge may increase to more than 50 percent. At low flows, errors as a percentage of discharge increase toward infinity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954230","usgsCitation":"Sloat, J.V., and Gain, W., 1995, Application of acoustic velocity meters for gaging discharge of three low-velocity tidal streams in the St. Johns River basin, northeast Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4230, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954230.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_95_4230.jpg"},{"id":2485,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri954230","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":400876,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48314.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St. Johns River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.75,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -81.4167,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -81.4167,\n 30.25\n ],\n [\n -81.75,\n 30.25\n ],\n [\n -81.75,\n 29.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67aa7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloat, J. V.","contributorId":85997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloat","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gain, W. S.","contributorId":29024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gain","given":"W. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23675,"text":"ofr95398 - 1995 - Ground-Water Data-Collection Protocols and Procedures for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: Selection, Installation, and Documentation of Wells, and Collection of Related Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:18","indexId":"ofr95398","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-398","title":"Ground-Water Data-Collection Protocols and Procedures for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: Selection, Installation, and Documentation of Wells, and Collection of Related Data","docAbstract":"Protocols for well installation and documentation are included in a 1989 report written for the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Pilot Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). These protocols were reviewed and revised to address the needs of the full-scale implementation of the NAWQA Program that began in 1991. This report, which is a collaborative effort between the National Water-Quality Assessment Program and the Office of Water Quality, is the result of that review and revision. This report describes protocols and recommended procedures for the collection of data from wells for the NAWQA Program. Protocols and procedures discussed are well selection, installation of monitoring wells, documentation, and the collection of water level and additional hydrogeologic and geologic data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr95398","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Lapham, W.W., Wilde, F.D., and Koterba, M.T., 1995, Ground-Water Data-Collection Protocols and Procedures for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: Selection, Installation, and Documentation of Wells, and Collection of Related Data (Revised Jan 1996): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-398, vi, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95398.","productDescription":"vi, 71 p.","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11749,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr-95-398/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Revised Jan 1996","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d661","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lapham, Wayne W.","contributorId":74734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapham","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilde, Franceska D. fwilde@usgs.gov","contributorId":92240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilde","given":"Franceska","email":"fwilde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koterba, Michael T.","contributorId":70419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koterba","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}